在利用MN拆解一本书之后，形成了个人的知识体系。那么如何确定自己是否深刻地了解了一本书呢。首先映入脑海的是，把自己的读书心得发布在网上，或者与别人的读书心得进行比较，看看自己与他人理解的是否有不一样的地点。恰巧，大语言模型就是利用公开的数据训练得出的。那么我们能不能把自己的读书心得分享给大语言模型，让大语言模型帮我们分析一本书呢？或者让大语言模型根据我们的指令生成对一本书的分解呢？
想到这里，我就跃跃欲试了。但问题是如何写prompt呢？首先，我立马就想到了莫提默·艾德勒里的《如何阅读一本书》关于读书的方法论。恰巧，我也曾用MN分析拆解过这本书。
先放个我的读书笔记吧：
emm，虽然是简陋了点，但是基本的阅读规则还是清晰明了的
下面进入正题
检视阅读
先让大语言模型（我这里用的是开源本地部署的大语言模型llama2）扮演一个读书协助者（reader assistant），然后问他四个基本问题。
一个阅读者要提出的四个基本问题
1、整体来说，这本书到底在谈些什么？
User@Pasika ~ % ollama run llama2 >>> """ ... [INST] <<SYS>> Please share your thoughts on reading a book and provide detailed and insightful responses. Please note that your response should avoid generalizations and superficial descriptions, but focus on details and in-depth analysis. <</SYS>> Describe in detail the overall content of a book with the title "How to Read a Book" written by Mortimer Adler. [/INST] ... """ Title: How to Read a Book Author: Mortimer Adler Introduction: Mortimer Adler's "How to Read a Book" is an insightful and comprehensive guidebook on the art of reading. Adler, a philosopher and literary critic, argues that reading is not just a passive act but an active process that requires attention, concentration, and critical thinking. In this book, Adler provides a detailed framework for reading books effectively, emphasizing the importance of understanding the author's intent, analyzing the structure of the text, and evaluating the work's relevance to one's life. Part I: The Art of Reading Chapter 1: The Importance of Reading Adler begins by stressing the significance of reading in today's society. He argues that reading is essential for personal growth, intellectual development, and social understanding. Adler believes that reading books can broaden one's perspective, improve critical thinking skills, and enhance empathy towards others. Chapter 2: The Nature of Reading Adler delves into the nature of reading, discussing various types of reading, such as skimming, scanning, and intense concentration. He emphasizes that reading is not a passive process but an active engagement with the text, requiring the reader's full attention and effort. Adler also explores the role of context in shaping one's understanding of a book. Part II: The Art of Interpretation Chapter 3: Authorial Intent Adler argues that understanding an author's intent is crucial to interpreting their work effectively. He proposes a methodical approach to identifying the author's goals, motivations, and biases, which can help readers better grasp the text's meaning. Adler also discusses the role of historical context in shaping an author's ideas and how it can impact interpretation. Chapter 4: Structure and Organization Adler examines the structure of a book, focusing on its organization, themes, and plot development. He highlights the importance of analyzing the text's overall architecture, including the use of symbolism, imagery, and rhetorical devices. Adler also discusses the role of genre in shaping one's reading experience. Chapter 5: Style and Language Adler explores the role of language in shaping a book's meaning. He argues that an author's use of style, tone, and syntax can greatly impact how their message is conveyed. Adler emphasizes the importance of analyzing the text's linguistic features, such as figurative language, tone, and voice. Part III: Evaluating Books Chapter 6: The Purpose of Reading Adler discusses the purpose of reading and how it can impact one's life. He argues that reading can broaden one's perspective, foster empathy, and enhance critical thinking skills. Adler also explores the role of reading in personal growth, emphasizing its ability to transform one's understanding of oneself and the world. Chapter 7: Evaluating Books Adler provides a framework for evaluating books, focusing on their relevance, accuracy, and overall quality. He argues that evaluating books is essential to developing a deeper appreciation for literature and improving one's reading skills. Adler also discusses the importance of critically assessing one's own reading experiences and identifying areas for improvement. Conclusion: Adler concludes by emphasizing the importance of reading as a lifelong pursuit. He argues that reading is an essential aspect of personal growth, intellectual development, and social understanding. Adler encourages readers to continue exploring literature, challenging themselves to develop their critical thinking skills, and expanding their knowledge of the world around them. Insightful Analysis: Throughout "How to Read a Book," Adler provides detailed analysis and insightful observations on various aspects of reading. He emphasizes the importance of understanding an author's intent, analyzing the text's structure, and evaluating its relevance to one's life. Adler also highlights the role of context in shaping one's interpretation of a book. One of the most significant takeaways from this book is Adler's emphasis on active reading. He argues that reading is not a passive process but an engagement with the text, requiring concentration and critical thinking. This approach encourages readers to be more mindful of their reading experience and to actively seek out meaning and understanding in the text. Another key insight from Adler is his focus on the importance of genre in shaping one's reading experience. He highlights how different genres, such as fiction, poetry, or non-fiction, can impact how a book is written and interpreted. This awareness can help readers better appreciate the nuances of various literary forms and develop a more sophisticated understanding of literature.
看起来大语言模型有胡编乱造的嫌疑，但是内容意思还是一致的，比如作者强调“要做一个主动的阅读者而不是一个被动的阅读者”
2、作者细说了什么，怎么说的？
>>> What does the author detail and how? [/INST] In "How to Read a Book," Mortimer Adler details various aspects of reading in a comprehensive and insightful manner. Here are some of the key areas he covers: 1. Authorial Intent: Adler emphasizes the importance of understanding an author's intent when reading a book. He proposes a methodical approach to identifying the author's goals, motivations, and biases, which can help readers better grasp the text's meaning. Adler also discusses the role of historical context in shaping an author's ideas and how it can impact interpretation. 2. Structure and Organization: Adler examines the structure of a book, focusing on its organization, themes, and plot development. He highlights the importance of analyzing the text's overall architecture, including the use of symbolism, imagery, and rhetorical devices. Adler also discusses the role of genre in shaping one's reading experience. 3. Style and Language: Adler explores the role of language in shaping a book's meaning. He argues that an author's use of style, tone, and syntax can greatly impact how their message is conveyed. Adler emphasizes the importance of analyzing the text's linguistic features, such as figurative language, tone, and voice. 4. Evaluating Books: Adler provides a framework for evaluating books, focusing on their relevance, accuracy, and overall quality. He argues that evaluating books is essential to developing a deeper appreciation for literature and improving one's reading skills. Adler also discusses the importance of critically assessing one's own reading experiences and identifying areas for improvement. 5. Personal Growth: Adler discusses the purpose of reading and how it can impact one's life. He argues that reading can broaden one's perspective, foster empathy, and enhance critical thinking skills. Adler also explores the role of reading in personal growth, emphasizing its ability to transform one's understanding of oneself and the world. Throughout the book, Adler provides detailed analysis and insightful observations on various aspects of reading. He encourages readers to be more mindful of their reading experience and to actively seek out meaning and understanding in the text. Adler also highlights the importance of context in shaping one's interpretation of a book, emphasizing that understanding an author's intent is crucial to interpreting their work effectively.
3、这本书说得有道理吗？是全部有道理，还是部分有道理？
>>> Does it make sense in whole, or in part? [/INST] Yes, "How to Read a Book" makes sense as a whole and in parts. Here are some reasons why: 1. Comprehensive framework: Adler provides a detailed framework for reading effectively, covering various aspects of the reading process, such as understanding an author's intent, analyzing structure, evaluating books, and personal growth. This comprehensive approach helps readers develop a deeper appreciation for literature and improve their critical thinking skills. 2. Insightful analysis: Adler's insightful observations on various aspects of reading provide valuable insights into the reading process. For example, his emphasis on understanding an author's intent highlights the importance of context in shaping one's interpretation of a book. Similarly, his focus on the role of language in conveying meaning offers practical advice for readers to improve their comprehension of literary works. 3. Practical guidance: Adler's approach to reading is not just theoretical; he provides practical guidance on how to read a book effectively. For instance, his suggestions on how to identify an author's intent, analyze structure, and evaluate books offer actionable steps that readers can apply to their own reading experiences. 4. Relevant themes: Adler addresses relevant themes in "How to Read a Book," such as the role of genre, the impact of historical context, and the importance of personal growth through reading. These themes are timeless and continue to be relevant today, making the book a valuable resource for readers across different cultures and time periods. 5. Engaging writing style: Adler's writing style is engaging and accessible, making the book enjoyable to read. His use of anecdotes, examples, and analogies helps readers understand complex ideas and apply them to their own reading experiences.
4、这本书跟读者有什么关系？
>>> What does this book have to do with the reader? [/INST] "How to Read a Book" is focused on the reader, as it provides practical guidance and strategies for reading effectively. Here are some ways this book can be relevant to the reader: 1. Improved comprehension: Adler's approach to reading emphasizes the importance of understanding an author's intent and analyzing structure. By applying these techniques, readers can improve their comprehension of literary works and gain a deeper appreciation for literature. 2. Enhanced critical thinking skills: Adler encourages readers to be more mindful of their reading experience and actively seek out meaning and understanding in the text. This approach can help readers develop their critical thinking skills and become more discerning readers. 3. Personal growth: Adler argues that reading can broaden one's perspective, foster empathy, and enhance critical thinking skills. By applying his strategies for reading effectively, readers can achieve personal growth through literature. 4. Contextualization of literary works: Adler provides historical and cultural context for various literary works, highlighting their relevance and importance. This can help readers better understand the works they are reading and appreciate their place in the broader literary landscape. 5. Encouragement to read widely: Adler emphasizes the importance of reading a variety of genres and authors to develop a well-rounded understanding of literature. By applying his strategies, readers can be encouraged to explore different types of literature and deepen their appreciation for the art form.
分析阅读
分析阅读的第一阶段，找出一本书在谈些什么的四个规则：
( 1 )依照书本的种类与主题作分类。
( 2 ) 用最简短的句子说出整本书在谈些什么。
( 3 ) 按照顺序与关系,列出全书的重要部分。将全书的纲要拟出来之后,再将各个部分的纲要也一一列出。
( 4 ) 找出作者在问的问题,或作者想要解决的问题。
>>> Classify the book according to kind and subject matter.State what the whole book is about with the utmost brevity.Enumerate its major parts in their order and relation, and outline these parts as you have outlined the whole.Define the problem or problems the author is trying to solve. [/INST] Book Classification: "How to Read a Book" by Mortimer Adler can be classified under the category of "Education and Reference" and specifically within the subcategory of "Reading and Literacy." Brief Summary: The book provides a comprehensive framework for reading effectively, covering various aspects of the reading process, such as understanding an author's intent, analyzing structure, evaluating books, and personal growth. Major Parts and Their Order: 1. Introduction - sets the stage for the book by highlighting the importance of reading and understanding literature. 2. The Authorial Intent - explores the role of an author's intent in shaping one's interpretation of a book. 3. Structure and Organization - examines the overall architecture of a book, including themes, symbols, and rhetorical devices. 4. Style and Language - analyzes the use of language, tone, and imagery in conveying meaning. 5. Evaluating Books - provides a framework for assessing the quality and relevance of literature. 6. Personal Growth Through Reading - discusses the potential for reading to influence personal growth and development. 7. Conclusion - summarizes the main points and emphasizes the importance of reading as a means of gaining wisdom and understanding. Problem or Problems: The author is trying to solve the problem of how to read literature effectively, with a focus on understanding an author's intent, analyzing structure, and evaluating books. Adler also addresses the broader problem of how to use reading as a means of personal growth and development.
第三阶段
分析阅读的第三个阶段，像是沟通知识一样地评论一本书
A. 智慧礼节的一般规则
( 9 ) 除非你已经完成大纲架构，也能诠释整本书了，否则不要轻易批评；
( 10 ) 不要争强好胜，非辩到底不可；
( 11 ) 在说出评论之前，你要能证明自己区别得出真正的知识与个人观点的不同；
B. 批评观点的特别标准
( 12 ) 证明作者的知识不足
( 13 ) 证明作者的知识错误
( 14 ) 证明作者不合逻辑
( 15 ) 证明作者的分析与理由是不完整的
>>> Please elaborate on the problems the author has with the book, including lack of information, poor word choice, illogicality, and incomplete narrative. Make sure your analysis is clear and accurate, and provide specific and verifiable examples to support your points. [/INST] In "How to Read a Book," Mortimer Adler identifies several problems with literature that he believes are not adequately addressed in the book. These include: 1. Lack of Information: Adler argues that the book does not provide sufficient information about the author's intent, background, and historical context. He contends that understanding these aspects is crucial for a deeper appreciation of the literature (p. 35). For example, Adler notes that the book does not offer adequate biographical information on Shakespeare, which hinders the reader's ability to fully comprehend his plays and poems. 2. Poor Word Choice: Adler criticizes the book for using words without proper definition or explanation. He believes that this makes it difficult for readers to understand key concepts and terminology (p. 40). For instance, Adler notes that the book uses the term "structure" without providing a clear definition or example of what it means in the context of literature. 3. Illogicality: Adler argues that the book's framework for analyzing literature is not logically consistent. He contends that the book jumps between different concepts and ideas without adequate explanation or connection (p. 45). For example, Adler notes that the book introduces the concept of the "tragic hero" without fully exploring its relevance to the analysis of literature. 4. Incomplete Narrative: Adler believes that the book's narrative is incomplete and does not provide a comprehensive view of literature. He argues that the book focuses too much on the author's personal preferences and biases, rather than offering a more objective analysis (p. 50). For example, Adler notes that the book fails to discuss the cultural and historical context of various literary works, which hinders the reader's ability to fully appreciate their significance. Specific examples from the book include: * Lack of information: "The author does not provide adequate biographical information on Shakespeare, which hinders our ability to fully comprehend his plays and poems" (p. 35). * Poor word choice: "The book uses the term 'structure' without providing a clear definition or example of what it means in the context of literature" (p. 40). * Illogicality: "The book jumps between different concepts and ideas without adequate explanation or connection, such as the sudden shift from discussing the tragic hero to the importance of the author's personal preferences" (p. 45). * Incomplete narrative: "The book focuses too much on the author's personal preferences and biases, rather than offering a more objective analysis of literature" (p. 50).
主题阅读
主题阅读需要准备一系列跟你主题相关的书，为方便，找了申克·阿伦斯的《卡片笔记法：如何实现从阅读到写作》与莫提默·艾德勒的《如何阅读一本书》来进行主题阅读。因此，下面的第一阶段直接跳过了。
第一阶段
观察研究范围：主题阅读的准备阶段
(1)针对你要研究的主题,设计一份试验性的书目。你可以参考图书馆目录、专家的建议与书中的书目索引。
( 2 ) 浏览这份书目上所有的书,确定哪些与你的主题相关,并就你的主题建立起清楚的概念。
注意：严格来说，这两个步骤在时间顺序上并不不同;也就是说，这两个步骤相互影响，特别是第二个步骤用于修改第一个步骤。
第二阶段
(1)浏览所有在第一阶段被认定与你主题相关的书,找出最相关的章节。
( 2 ) 根据主题创造出一套中立的词汇,带引作者与你达成共识无论作者是否实际用到这些词汇,所有的作者,或至少绝大部分的作者都可以用这套词汇来诠释。
( 3 ) 建立一个中立的主旨,列出一连串的问题无论作者是否明白谈过这些问题,所有的作者,或者至少大多数的作者都要能解读为针对这些问题提供了他们的回答。
( 4 ) 界定主要及次要的议题。然后将作者针对各个问题的不同意见整理陈列在各个议题之旁。你要记住,各个作者之间或之中,不见得一定存在着某个议题。有时候,你需要针对一些不是作者主要关心范围的事情,把他的观点解读,才能建构出这种议题。
( 5 ) 分析这些讨论。这得把问题和议题按顺序排列,以求突显主题。比较有共通性的议题,要放在比较没有共通性的议题之前。各个议题之间的关系也要清楚地界定出来。
注意:理想上,要一直保持对话式的疏离与客观。要做到这一点,每当你要解读某个作家对一个议题的观点时,必须从他自己的文章中引一段话来并列。
>>> Inspect the books as relevant to the subject in order to find the most relevant passages. Bring the authors to terms by constructing a neutral terminology of the subject that all, or the great majority, of the authors can be interpreted as employing, whether they actually employ the words or not. Establish a set of neutral propositions for all of the authors by framing a set of questions to which all or most of the authors can be interpreted as giving answers, whether they actually treat the questions explicitly or not. Define the issues, both major and minor ones, by ranging the opposing answers of authors to the various questions on one side of an issue or another. You should remember that an issue does not always exist explicitly between or among authors, but that it sometimes has to be constructed by interpretation of the authors, views on matters that may not have been their primary concern. Analyze tlie discussion by ordering the questions and issues in such a way as to throw maximum light on the subject. More general issues should precede less general ones, and relations among issues should be clearly indicated. To compare and contrast "How to Read a Book" by Mortimer Adler and "How to Take Smart Notes" by Sonke Ahrens, we can use the following approach: 1. Identify the subject matter of both books: The subject matter of "How to Read a Book" can be summarized as how to read and understand complex texts, while "How to Take Smart Notes" focuses on how to take effective notes for learning and retention. 2. Inspect the books as relevant to the subject: * "How to Read a Book": Adler discusses various aspects of reading, including understanding the author's intent, identifying main ideas and supporting details, and making connections between different works. He also emphasizes the importance of critically evaluating what you read. * "How to Take Smart Notes": Ahrens provides strategies for taking notes that help retain information and promote insight. He covers topics such as structured note-taking systems, identifying key ideas and concepts, and reviewing and organizing notes effectively. 3. Bring the authors to terms by constructing a neutral terminology of the subject: * Neutral terminiology for both books: The common thread between both books is how to approach and interact with complex texts in an intentional and effective manner. Both authors aim to help readers develop skills for deeper understanding and retention of information. 4. Establish a set of neutral propositions for all of the authors by framing a set of questions to which all or most of the authors can be interpreted as giving answers: * Neutral proposition 1: Understanding the author's intent is crucial for comprehending complex texts. * Neutral proposition 2: Identifying main ideas and supporting details is essential for effective reading. * Neutral proposition 3: Making connections between different works can enhance understanding. 5. Define the issues, both major and minor ones, by ranging the opposing answers of authors to the various questions on one side of an issue or another: * Major issue 1: Adler emphasizes the importance of critically evaluating what you read, while Ahrens focuses on strategies for taking effective notes. * Minor issue 1: Adler suggests creating a "mental map" of the text, while Ahrens recommends using a structured note-taking system. 6. Analyze the discussion by ordering the questions and issues in such a way as to throw maximum light on the subject: * Major issue 1: Understanding the author's intent vs. Effective note-taking strategies (Adler vs. Ahrens) * Minor issue 1a: Creating a "mental map" of the text vs. Using a structured note-taking system (Adler vs. Ahrens) * Major issue 2: Identifying main ideas and supporting details vs. Retaining information through effective notes (Adler vs. Ahrens) * Minor issue 2a: Making connections between different works vs. Organizing notes for maximum retention (Ahrens vs. Adler) 7. Interpret the results, drawing conclusions about the similarities and differences between the two books: * Both authors emphasize the importance of intentional reading and note-taking. * While Adler focuses on creating a "mental map" of the text, Ahrens advocates for a structured note-taking system. * Both authors prioritize identifying main ideas and supporting details, but Adler places more emphasis on critical evaluation. * Ahrens stresses the importance of retaining information through effective notes, while Adler encourages readers to continue reading and engaging with new material throughout their lives.
经过对比分析可知，利用大语言模型阅读一本书还是能起到不错的效果。虽然会出现胡编乱造的现象，但从整体来看，一本书的大致意思还是分析出来了。
本文转载自个人知乎：如何利用大语言模型阅读一本书 - 知乎