difficulty

→ [learning difficulties](->learning difficulties)

By the age of eight, Robbie was having difficulties at school.

(=find yourself in a difficult situation)

Three people were rescued from a boat that had got into difficulties.

Graduates often experience considerable difficulties in getting their first job.

The hotel’s owners were facing financial difficulties.

We are confident that we can overcome these difficulties.

(=be something that is difficult to deal with)

English spelling may present some difficulties for learners.

The whole plan was fraught with difficulties.

Stress and worry both cause sleep difficulties.

The stormy weather gave rise to difficulties for many of the competitors in the yacht race.

It’s best to discuss any difficulties that arise rather than trying to deal with them alone.

By then, we were having serious financial difficulties.

They had considerable difficulties in getting funding for their research.

The flight was delayed due to technical difficulties.

It’s a great idea, but there will be a number of practical difficulties.

The company is facing serious financial difficulties.

She was taken to hospital with breathing difficulties.

You may need help in dealing with your marital difficulties.

if you have difficulty doing something, it is difficult for you to do

[have/experience difficulty (in) doing sth](bold)

They had [great difficulty](bold) in finding a replacement.

他们找接替的人费了很大劲。

→ Do not say that someone ‘has difficulty to do something’. Say that someone [has difficulty doing something](bold) or [has difficulty in doing something](bold).

a problem or something that causes trouble

There are several difficulties with this theory.

If you have any difficulties, give me a call.

如果你遇到困难，就给我打电话。

这个项目很快就遇到了困难。

Difficulties can arise when there is more than one defendant.

如果被告不止一个，可能会遇到一些困难。

if you are in difficulty, you are in a situation in which you have problems

The business is in financial difficulty.

这家企业财务上遇到了困难。

[get/run into difficulty](bold)(=get into a difficult situation)

她很快就陷入了债务困境。


dig

to make a hole in the ground using your hands, a tool, or a machine

Some workmen were digging a trench at the side of the road.

In Africa, the people know where to dig for water.

to dig a hole in the ground, using your hands or a tool

Make a hole just big enough for the plant’s roots.

if an animal burrows, it makes a hole or a passage in the ground by digging the earth with its feet, nose etc

The rabbits had burrowed a hole under the fence.

to turn over the soil using a machine or a tool pulled by animals, to prepare the soil for planting seeds

The farmers here still plough their fields using buffaloes.

to dig a large hole in the ground, especially as a preparation for building something

The men began excavating the hole for the pool.

to make a deep round hole in the ground using a special machine, especially in order to look for oil or water

Companies need a special licence to bore for oil.

[past tense and past participle](italic) [dug](bold) /dʌɡ/ [present participle](italic) [digging](bold)

to move earth, snow etc, or to make a hole in the ground, using a spade or your hands

They dig a small hole in the sand to bury their eggs.

它们在沙地里挖一个小洞，把蛋掩埋在里面。

to remove something, especially vegetables, from the ground using a spade

to put your hand into something, especially in order to search for something

把手伸入；〔尤指〕翻找，搜寻

他把双手深深插进口袋里。

to refuse to do something in spite of other people’s efforts to persuade you

to use something which you have, especially money or effort, which you would not normally need

动用储备〔尤指金钱或精力〕

With one man sent off, the team had to dig deep and hang on for a draw.

一名队员被罚下场后，球队只好费九牛二虎之力保个平局。

(also: [dig yourself into a hole](bold) )

to get yourself into a difficult situation by doing or saying the wrong thing

to help a person or organization get out of trouble

to do something that will cause serious problems for you in the future

自掘坟墓，自取灭亡，自讨苦吃


dig

a joke or remark that you make to annoy or criticize someone

→see THESAURUS at [comment](->comment) 1

He couldn’t resist a dig at the referee.

Here was a chance to [have a dig](bold) at trade unionists.

现在有机会挖苦一下工会会员了。

to push someone quickly and lightly with your finger or elbow

〔用手指或肘部〕触某人，碰某人，戳某人

Ginnie gave her sister a dig in the ribs.

金尼戳了一下妹妹的肋部。

an organized process of digging in order to find ancient objects for study

He’s 42 and still [living in digs](bold).

他42岁了，还在租房住。


digest

to change food that you have just eaten into substances that your body can use

Most babies can digest a wide range of food easily.

to understand new information, especially when there is a lot of it or it is difficult to understand

理解，领悟，消化〔尤指大量新信息或难以理解的新信息〕


digest

a short piece of writing that gives the most important facts from a book, report etc


digit

one of the written signs that represent the numbers 0 to 9

〔从0到9的任何一个〕数字


digital

using a system in which information is recorded or sent out electronically in the form of numbers, usually ones and zeros

giving information in the form of numbers


dignified

behaving in a calm and serious way, even in a difficult situation, which makes people respect you


dignity

the ability to behave in a calm controlled way even in a difficult situation

The family faced their ordeal with dignity.

这一家人在磨难面前不失尊严。

your sense of your own value or importance

Old people need to retain their dignity and independence.

老年人需要保持自尊和独立。

Arguing [was beneath](bold) her [dignity](bold)(=was something she thought she was too important to do).

the fact of being respected or deserving respect

Patients should be allowed to die with dignity.

应该允许患者死得有尊严。

Prisoners should be treated with regard for [human dignity](bold).

对待囚犯应当尊重其人格尊严。

to demand to be treated with proper respect


dilemma

[be on the horns of a dilemma](bold) at → [horn](->horn) 1 sense 6

After years of recession, the company was in a dilemma over its future.

Women may still be faced with the dilemma of choosing between jobs and families.

The difficult economic situation poses a dilemma for investors.

His divided loyalties placed him in a dilemma.

People often need help with resolving their dilemmas.

He was in a serious dilemma because neither option seemed very desirable.

She was in a terrible dilemma because she loved both men.

Doctors face a moral dilemma over how long to prolong someone's life.

The men who were on strike faced a personal dilemma over whether to return to work.

She faced the painful dilemma of having to decide whether to tell the police about her son's crimes.

Deciding whether to put an elderly parent in a nursing home is a common dilemma.

The prime minister's central dilemma was whether war was justified.

There seemed to be no way out of the dilemma.

One possible solution to the dilemma may be to divide the money equally between the brothers.

a situation in which it is very difficult to decide what to do, because all the choices seem equally good or equally bad

对于是否接受这个工作，我左右为难。

This [placed](bold) Robert Kennedy [in a dilemma](bold).

这让罗伯特·肯尼迪陷入了两难的境地。

Many women are [faced with](bold) the [dilemma](bold) of choosing between work and family commitments.

许多女性面临着出去工作还是照顾家庭的两难选择。


dilute

[dilution](bold) /daɪˈluːʃ/  n. <C,U> eg: Any dilution of standards must be resisted.

to make a liquid weaker by adding water or another liquid

用少量油把颜料稀释一下。

to make a quality, belief etc weaker or less effective

降低〔品质〕；削弱〔信念〕


dilute

a dilute liquid has been made weaker by the addition of water or another liquid


dim

[dimly](bold) adv. eg: a dimly lit room eg: She was only dimly aware of the risk.

[comparative](italic) [dimmer](bold) [superlative](italic) [dimmest](bold)

fairly dark or not giving much light, so that you cannot see well

a dim shape is one which is not easy to see because it is too far away, or there is not enough light

The dim outline of a building loomed up out of the mist.

一座建筑物朦胧的轮廓在雾霭中赫然耸现。

不赞同某事物，对某事物持否定态度

Miss Watson took a dim view of Paul’s behaviour.

沃森小姐对保罗的行为颇为不齿。

a memory or understanding of something that is not clear in your mind

Laura had a dim recollection of someone telling her this before.

劳拉隐约记得以前有人跟她说过这件事。

if your chances of success in the future are dim, they are not good

暗淡的，渺茫的，不乐观的

Prospects for an early settlement of the dispute are dim.

早日解决争端的希望比较渺茫。


dim

[past tense and past participle](italic) [dimmed](bold) [present participle](italic) [dimming](bold)

if a light dims, or if you dim it, it becomes less bright

（使）变暗，（使）变昏暗

剧院里的灯光开始暗下来。

if a feeling, quality etc dims or is dimmed, it grows weaker or less

（使）〔感觉等〕变弱；（使）〔品质等〕下降

Even the rain could not dim their enthusiasm.

连下雨都未能减弱他们的热情。

Hopes of a peaceful settlement have dimmed.

和平解决的希望变得渺茫了。

to lower the angle of the front lights of your car, especially when someone is driving towards you

〔尤指会车时〕把大灯调成近光


dimension

add/give/bring a new etc dimension to sth

Digital cameras have added a new dimension to photography.

Learning a language has an important cultural dimension.

(=develop in a way that is new or different)

Since I met her, my life has taken on a completely different dimension.

The size of the bombs gave a new dimension to the terrorists’ campaign.

Movies soon had the added dimension of sound.

His writing has a strong political dimension.

The book discusses the ethical dimension involved in genetic engineering.

He was interested in the spiritual dimension to art.

What the figures cannot show us is the human dimension of the disaster.

The foreign players bring an international dimension to the English Premier League.

a part of a situation or a quality involved in it

〔形势或品质的〕方面，层面

[add a new/an extra/another etc dimension (to sth)](bold)

His coaching has added another dimension to my game.

他的指导让我的打法更加全面。

It is important to keep in mind the historical dimension to these issues.

要考虑到这些问题的历史背景。

You can have a [spiritual dimension](bold) to your life without being religious.

即使不信教，你的生活也可以有精神追求。

the length, height, width, depth, or diameter of something

a rectangle with the dimensions 5cm x 2cm

长五厘米、宽两厘米的长方形

We’ll need to know the exact dimensions of the room.

我们需要知道房间的确切尺寸。

a direction in space that is at an angle of 90 degrees to two other directions

A diagram represents things in only two dimensions.

示意图只能以二维方式呈现物体。

→ [fourth dimension](->fourth dimension) → [three-dimensional](->three-dimensional) sense 1 → [two-dimensional](->two-dimensional) sense 1

〔问题的〕规模；严重程度


diminish

to become or make something become smaller or less

→see THESAURUS at [decrease](->decrease) 1

The party’s share of the electorate has diminished steadily.

该党在选民中的支持率持续走低。

These drugs diminish blood flow to the brain.

这些药物会减少大脑供血量。

to deliberately make someone or something appear less important or valuable than they really are

贬损，贬低〔重要性或价值〕

Don’t let him diminish your achievements.

But that’s not to diminish the importance of his discoveries.

不过，这也不是要贬低他的发现。

when the profits or advantages you are getting from something stop increasing in relation to the effort you are making


dine

[wine and dine sb](bold) at → [wine](->wine) 2


diner

a small restaurant that serves cheap meals


dining room

a room where you eat meals in a house or hotel

〔家里或酒店的〕饭厅，餐厅


dinner

[dog’s dinner](bold) at → [dog](->dog) 1 sense 9 [more sth than you’ve had hot dinners](bold) at → [hot](->hot) 1 sense 29

You eat something [for dinner](bold) : We had fish for dinner.
Don’t say: [We had fish at dinner.](strike)

You use [at dinner](bold)  to talk about something that happens while you are eating dinner: She told us at dinner that she was going away.

Why don't you come and have dinner with us?

I thought we might have pasta for dinner tonight.

We're having a few friends round to dinner.

Would you like to go out for dinner on Saturday?

Dinner is served between 7 and 11 pm in the hotel restaurant.

The cost of the hotel includes a three-course dinner.

We usually have a walk after Christmas dinner.

(=for two people in a romantic relationship)

Clive and Denise were enjoying a romantic dinner for two in a quiet French restaurant.

Chris treated his girlfriend to a candle-lit dinner.

I enjoy having a leisurely dinner with some friends at the weekend.

(=where people wear special formal clothes)

He was invited to a black-tie dinner at one of the Oxford colleges.

Mum always makes a slap-up dinner for me when I go home.

(=meals provided at school in the middle of the day)

School dinners are served in the canteen.

TV dinners in aluminium containers can be found in the freezer departments of many supermarkets.

(=when someone's friends are invited for a special evening meal)

We are having a dinner party on Saturday.

The dinner guests began arriving at about seven o'clock.

the main meal of the day, eaten in the middle of the day or the evening

〔中午或晚上吃的〕正餐，主餐

a formal occasion when an evening meal is eaten, often to celebrate something


dinosaur

one of a group of reptiles that lived millions of years ago

someone or something that is old-fashioned and no longer effective or suitable for modern times

lengthy speeches by some of the party’s dinosaurs

党内一些老古董的长篇大论


dip

[past tense and past participle](italic) [dipped](bold) [present participle](italic) [dipping](bold)

to put something into a liquid and lift it out again

Dip the strawberries into melted chocolate.

把草莓在熔化的巧克力中蘸一蘸。

to move down, or to make something move down, usually for just a short time

〔通常指短暂地〕（使）下降，（使）下落

We watched the [sun dip](bold) below the horizon.

我们看着太阳缓缓沉入地平线。

She [dipped](bold) her [head](bold) and spoke into the microphone.

她低下头对着麦克风讲话。

if an amount or level dips, it becomes less, usually for just a short time

〔通常指短暂地〕减少，降低

Temperatures dipped to -10°C last night.

昨晚气温降到了零下10摄氏度。

if land or a road or path dips, it slopes down and then goes up again

〔土地或道路〕下沉，下凹

to lower the angle of the front lights of your car when someone is driving towards you

〔会车时〕把大灯调成近光

to put animals in a chemical that kills insects on their skin

给〔动物〕洗药浴〔灭虫〕


dip

a slight decrease in the amount of something

a thick mixture that you can dip food into before you eat it

a place where the surface of something goes down suddenly, then goes up again

a chemical that kills insects on sheep and other animals

〔给羊等动物杀虫用的〕药浴液

a quick look at information, a book, magazine etc

People interested in history would enjoy a dip into this book.

对历史感兴趣的人会乐意翻阅一下这本书。


diploma

a document showing that someone has successfully completed a course of study or passed an examination

I’m hoping to [get](bold) my teaching [diploma](bold) this year.

我希望今年能拿到教师资格证书。

a document showing that a student has successfully completed their high school or university education

〔高中或大学的〕毕业文凭，毕业证书


diplomacy

[gunboat diplomacy](bold) at → [gunboat](->gunboat) sense 2

the job or activity of managing the relationships between countries

skill in dealing with people without upsetting them

这份工作需要有圆通练达的处事能力。


diplomat

someone who officially represents their government in a foreign country

someone who is good at dealing with people without upsetting them


diplomatic

ˌdɪpləˈmætɪk◂

ˌdɪpləˈmætɪk◂

[diplomatically](bold) /-kli/  adv. eg: Maria handled the situation very diplomatically.

The attacks led to intensive international diplomatic activity.

He was sent to France three times on diplomatic missions.

(=people supplying diplomats with information)

According to diplomatic sources, up to 300 people were killed in the violence.

Diplomatic efforts to end the fighting began on October 15th.

Riots followed and there was diplomatic pressure on the government to assert its authority.

Havana launched a diplomatic initiative to establish its own ties with Latin American governments.

(=diplomatic methods used for achieving something)

The president said that he hoped the situation could be resolved by diplomatic channels.

(=acceptance that a government or organization has official authority)

Beijing's diplomatic recognition of South Korea

relating to or involving the work of diplomats

Diplomatic efforts to end the fighting began on October 25.

结束冲突的外交努力始于10月25日。

the arrangement between two countries that each should keep representatives at an embassy in the other’s country

[establish/break off diplomatic relations](bold)

The two countries established diplomatic relations last year.

去年两国建立了外交关系。

dealing with people politely and skilfully without upsetting them

They were always very diplomatic with awkward clients.

他们与难缠的客户打交道一向很有策略。


dire

warnings of [dire consequences](bold) that often don’t come true

对往往不会出现的严重后果的警告

The country is [in dire need of](bold) food aid.

to be in an extremely difficult or serious situation

Everyone agrees the sport is in dire straits.

人人都认为这个体育项目岌岌可危。

a warning about something terrible that will happen in the future

Last night there were dire warnings of civil war.

昨晚传来了内战的可怕警告。


direct

→ [directly](->directly) 1 → [directness](->directness)

Very few people have direct access to the president.

The disease is only spread by direct contact between people.

The campaign makes a direct link between global warming and the consumption of energy in the home.

We think having a direct relationship with customers is very important.

Our organization’s work has a direct impact upon children’s lives in this country.

Many illnesses here are a direct consequence of bad diet.

People learn best through direct experience.

There is no direct evidence that this causes any harm.

The state has direct control over certain industries.

done without any other people, actions, processes etc coming between

Experienced users have direct access to the main data files.

熟练的用户可直接访问主数据文档。

I’m not in [direct contact](bold) with them.

我和他们没有直接的联系。

Few policy-makers have had direct experience of business.

决策者几乎都没有直接的从商经历。

Educational level has a sizeable direct effect on income.

教育程度对收入有很大的直接影响。

There is a direct link between poverty and ill-health.

贫困与健康不佳有着直接的关系。

The decision to close the hospital is a direct result of Government health policy.

关闭医院的决定是政府卫生政策的直接结果。

going straight from one place to another without stopping or changing direction

笔直的，径直的〔中途不停，不改变方向〕

Which is the most [direct route](bold) to London?

哪条是到伦敦最直接的路线？

Weight increases [in direct proportion to](bold) mass.

重量的增加与质量成正比。

For Lawrence, [in direct contrast to](bold) Adam, everything seemed to come so easily.

劳伦斯呢，与亚当恰恰相反，一切似乎都来得那么容易。

a [direct quote](bold)(=exact words) from the book

saying exactly what you mean in an honest clear way

Women often feel men are too direct and not sympathetic enough.

女性往往觉得男性过于直接，缺乏足够的同理心。

Now, let me ask you a [direct question](bold), and I expect a [direct answer](bold).

现在我要问你一个坦率的问题，希望你能坦率地回答。

someone who is related to someone else through their parents and grandparents, not through their aunts,uncles etc

She claimed to be a direct descendant of Wordsworth.

她自称是华兹华斯的直系后裔。

an occasion on which something such as a bomb hits a place exactly, causing a lot of damage

During the war, the cathedral [suffered](bold) many [direct hits](bold).

战争期间，这座大教堂多次被炮火直接击中。

One of the bombers [scored a direct hit](bold).

其中一架轰炸机直接命中目标。

strong heat or light that someone or something is not protected from

〔没有任何防护的〕直接受热/日照

Never change the film in direct sunlight.

千万不要在阳光直射下更换胶卷。


direct

to aim something in a particular direction or at a particular person, group etc

The machine directs an X-ray beam at the patient’s body.

机器将X射线对准患者身体。

The new route directs lorries away from the town centre.

新路线让卡车绕开城中心。

I’d like to [direct](bold) your [attention](bold) to paragraph four.

I want to [direct](bold) my [efforts](bold) more towards my own projects.

我想把精力更多地投入到自己的项目中去。

to be in charge of something or control it

Mr Turner was directing the investigation from a very early stage.

特纳先生很早就开始负责这项调查了。

The choir was directed by Sir David Willcocks.

合唱团由戴维·威尔科克斯爵士指挥。

to give the actors in a play, film, or television programme instructions about what they should do

这出戏由弗兰克·豪泽执导。

Could you direct me to Trafalgar Square, please?

请问去特拉法尔加广场怎么走？

The judge directed the jury to find Mr Baggs not guilty.

法官指示陪审团裁定巴格斯先生无罪。

He directed that his body should be buried in Upton.

他嘱咐将自己的遗体安葬在阿普顿。


direct

Can we fly direct to Chicago, or do we stop in Salt Lake City first?

我们能否直飞芝加哥，还是要先在盐湖城停一下？

Esther decided to contact the manager direct.

埃丝特决定直接和经理联系。

It is usually cheaper to buy the goods direct from the wholesaler.

直接向批发商购货一般比较便宜。


direction

[a step in the right direction](bold) at → [step](->step) 1 sense 2

I can give you a lift if you're going in my direction.

We followed the other passengers heading in the direction of passport control.

She looked in the direction that Jeremy was pointing.

The men were facing the direction from which they expected the attack.

Are you sure this is the right direction for Shipton?

The car crashed into a truck that was coming in the opposite direction.

A strong wind was blowing from an easterly direction.

At the top of the tower there are splendid views in every direction.

The traffic in both directions on the motorway wasn't moving at all.

They said goodbye and walked off in different directions.

He pointed in the general direction of the village.

(=like or unlike the movement of the hands of a clock)

All movement on a roundabout is in a clockwise direction.

(=the ability to judge which way you should be going)

the direction of movement/travel/flow etc

It was hard work rowing against the direction of flow.

Luke's given me directions to his house.

You can't get lost if you follow my directions.

Let's stop and ask someone for directions.

I went into a petrol station to get directions.

His directions were very clear and easy to follow.

the way something or someone moves, faces, or is aimed

Which [direction](bold) did they [go in](bold)?

The suspects were last seen heading in the direction of Miami.

最后一次有人看见嫌疑人时，他们正向迈阿密方向逃跑。

Tony glanced in her direction and their eyes met.

托尼朝她的方向瞥了一眼，于是二人的目光相遇了。

The girls pointed [in the opposite direction](bold).

女孩子们指了相反的方向。

On seeing me, Maurice [changed direction](bold) and went along the wharf instead.

莫里斯一看见我便扭头沿着码头走了。

As shots rang out, the crowd ran screaming [in all directions](bold).

枪声响起，人群尖叫着四散奔逃。

There was a loud scream from the direction of the children’s pool.

儿童游泳池那边传来一声响亮的尖叫。

[in a southerly/easterly etc direction](bold)

Continue in a southerly direction until you reach the road.

继续往南走，一直走到大路上。

In everyday English, people usually use [which way ...?](bold)  when asking where something is rather than using the noun [direction](bold) :

[Which [direction](bold) did they go in?](strike)

[Which [direction](bold) is north?](strike)

Be sure you [read the directions](bold) before using any piece of equipment.

使用任何设备之前一定要先阅读操作指南。

instructions about how to get from one place to another

A very helpful woman [gave](bold) me [directions](bold) to the police station.

一个很热心的妇女给我指了去警察局的路。

the general way in which someone or something changes or develops

We are happy with the [direction](bold) the club is [taking](bold).

我们对俱乐部的发展方向感到满意。

[move/head/go in the right direction](bold)

I believe that things are heading in the right direction in South Africa.

我相信南非正朝着正确的方向发展。

The company is hoping to extend its operations in new directions.

公司希望朝新的方向扩展业务。

Under Thompson’s direction, the college has developed an international reputation.

在汤普森管理下，这所学院已经赢得了国际声望。

where something comes from or where something leads

The evidence all points in this direction.

所有证据都指向这个方向。

Help came from a wholly unexpected direction.

Her mother felt that Rachel’s life [lacked direction](bold).

蕾切尔的母亲觉得她的生活缺乏方向。

the instructions given to the actors and other people working on a film, play etc


directive

proposals for [implementing](bold) the EU [directive](bold) on paternity leave

实施欧盟关于陪产假规定的提案


directive

The team leader will have a less directive role.

团队领导者的指挥作用将会弱化


directly

with no other person, action, process etc between

The new property tax law won’t [directly affect](bold) us.

新的房产税法不会直接影响到我们。

We hope to bring together the countries [directly involved](bold) in the conflict.

我们希望将直接卷入冲突的国家聚到一起。

Application for admission to this course should be made directly to the University.

想报这门课，得直接向大学递交申请。

exactly in a particular position or direction

[directly in front of/behind/under etc sth](bold)

It was a small house, directly behind the church.

那是一所小房子，在教堂的正后方。

The girl was sitting directly opposite him.

那女孩儿坐在他的正对面。

Have you noticed how he never looks directly at you?

你有没有注意到他从不直视你？

to say exactly what you mean without trying to hide anything

坦率地[直截了当地]说/问/回答等

Jeff has a job in mind, but refuses to say directly what it is.

杰夫已经想好了一份工作，只是不肯直接说出来。

He should be here directly, if you don’t mind waiting.

如果你不介意等一会儿，他应该很快就到。


directly

我收到你的消息就立刻来了。


director

→ [managing director](->managing director) → [non-executive director](->non-executive director)

Laura Thompson is a theatre director now in the middle of rehearsals for 'Romeo and Juliet'.

(=person who controls which plays a theatre produces and how they are produced)

The artistic director announced that a new play would be staged next month.

He later became musical director of the London Symphony Orchestra.

someone who controls or manages a company

a former director of Gartmore Pensions Ltd

Gartmore养老金有限公司前董事

The company is run by a [board of directors](bold)(=a group of directors).

someone who is in charge of a particular activity or organization

〔活动或机构的〕负责人，主管

[finance/marketing/sales etc director](bold)(=the person in charge of the financial department etc)

the person who gives instructions to the actors and other people working on a film or play


directory

a book or list of names, facts etc, usually arranged in alphabetical order

〔通常按字母顺序排列的〕姓名地址录，名录，电话簿

I couldn’t find your number in the telephone directory.

我在电话簿上找不到你的电话号码。

a place in a computer where files or programs are organized

〔计算机文件或程序的〕目录


dirt

[dish the dirt](bold) at → [dish](->dish) 2 [hit/strike paydirt](bold) at → [paydirt](->paydirt) [hit the dirt](bold) at → [hit](->hit) 1 sense 17 [treat sb like dirt](bold) at → [treat](->treat) 1 sense 1

Wash the dirt off those boots before you come in.

(=something looks dirty – used about colours)

Light-coloured clothes show the dirt rather quickly.

Keep your pack clean by brushing off any loose dirt after use.

(=under the surface of something and difficult to clean off)

We had to wash the walls to remove the ingrained dirt.

(=difficult to remove because people have walked over something )

He had a lot of trouble getting rid of the ground-in dirt from the carpet.

The kitchen floor was covered with dirt.

Jack came in from the garden, his hands black with dirt.

Their house was so clean – there wasn’t a speck of dirt anywhere.

any substance that makes things dirty, such as mud or dust

You should have seen the dirt on that car!

你真该瞧瞧那车上的灰，简直了！

His face and hands were black with dirt.

他的脸和手黑乎乎的，全是泥。

a patch of grass, covered in [dog dirt](bold)(=waste from a dog’s bowels)

Michael threw his handful of dirt onto the coffin.

The children had been sitting in the dirt.

这些孩子一直在泥地里坐着。

information about someone’s private life or activities which could give people a bad opinion of them if it became known

〔某人私生活的〕丑事，黑料

The newspapers had been [digging up dirt on](bold) the president.

各家报纸一直在挖总统的黑料。

talk, writing, a film etc that is considered bad or immoral because it is about sex


dirty

His clothes were untidy and he had dirty hands.

Each year filthy water causes millions of cases of illness.

It had been raining hard and the path was muddy.

fairly dirty and needing to be cleaned or washed

covered with thick dirt or dirt that has been there a long time

I couldn’t see much out of the grimy windows of the train.

looking dark, dirty, and unpleasant. Used about rooms, houses, and buildings

We worked in a dingy little office behind the station.

used about land, water, or air that has been made dirty

85% of city dwellers breathe heavily polluted air.

made dirty by a dangerous substance or bacteria

The virus is mainly spread through contaminated food.

extremely dirty and unpleasant. Used about the place or conditions in which someone lives

People are living in squalid conditions, with little water and no sanitation.

used about dirty conditions that are likely to cause disease, especially conditions in kitchens, restaurants, and hospitals

The food was prepared under unhygienic conditions.

used about dirty conditions that are likely to cause disease, especially because there is not a good system for getting rid of waste

People’s health is being threatened by overcrowded and insanitary homes.

They work for long hours in unsanitary conditions.

made dirty, especially by waste from your body

Soiled nappies should be changed as quickly as possible.

[comparative](italic) [dirtier](bold) [superlative](italic) [dirtiest](bold)

covered in or marked by an unwanted substance

a stack of [dirty dishes](bold) in the sink

She circled the bedroom, picking up dirty clothes.

她在卧室里转了一圈，把脏衣服收拾起来。

relating to sex, in a way that is considered immoral or unpleasant

下流的，黄色的，色情的，猥亵的

She looked at me as if I had said a [dirty word](bold).

她看我的样子，就像我说了脏话似的。

[have a dirty mind](bold) BrE(=think about sex a lot)

[dirty weekend](bold) BrE(=a weekend when a man and woman who are not married to each other go away to have sex)

used to emphasize that you think someone or something is bad, dishonest, or immoral

你和你那些见不得人的勾当

[do the dirty on sb](bold) BrE(=treat someone in a way that is unfair or dishonest)

if something is a dirty word, people believe it is a bad thing even if they do not know or think much about it

‘Liberal’ has somehow become a dirty word in America.

“自由派”不知怎么的在美国成了个禁忌词。

to look at someone in a very disapproving way

苏珊狠狠地瞪了弟弟一眼。

a dishonest or unfair action, especially done by a government, company, or organization

〔尤指政府、企业或组织的〕阴招，卑鄙伎俩

(AmE also: [air your dirty laundry](bold) )

to discuss something embarrassing or bad about yourself where everyone can see, know, or hear

把丑事外扬，公开谈自己的糗事

The divorce has meant airing their dirty laundry in court.

离婚意味着在法庭上公开他们的家丑。

to do an unpleasant or dishonest action for someone, so that they do not have to do it themselves

替某人干脏活儿，给某人当枪使

I’m not talking to him; you do your own dirty work!

我可不去跟他说，这种烂事你自己去做！

it’s a dirty job, but someone has to do it

used to say that something is unpleasant to do, but that it is necessary – often used humorously

这是个脏活儿，但总得有人干〔常为幽默用法〕

a bomb that contains a radioactive  substance which makes the bomb more dangerous than bombs containing only traditional explosives

脏弹〔含放射性物质的炸弹〕

a dirty sports event is one in which people competing in the event have illegally used drugs to improve their performance

不干净的〔指有运动员使用禁药〕

Many people think that the race has been a dirty event for years.

很多人认为多年来这项比赛一直都不干净。

不清洁的〔指会产生污染或二氧化碳〕


dirty

to behave in a very unfair and dishonest way, especially in a competition or game

〔尤指在比赛或游戏时〕耍阴招，玩卑鄙手段


dirty

[past tense and past participle](italic) [dirtied](bold) [present participle](italic) [dirtying](bold) [third person singular](italic) [dirties](bold)

to make someone feel or seem bad, dishonest, or immoral

The army’s actions dirtied its reputation.

这支军队的行为败坏了自己的名声。

to do hard physical work, in which your hands become dirty

干体力活儿，干粗活儿，干重活儿


disability

ˌdɪsəˈbɪləti

ˌdɪsəˈbɪləti

a physical or mental condition that makes it difficult for someone to use a part of their body properly, or to learn normally

Public places are becoming more accessible to people with disabilities.

公共场所越来越方便残障人士出入了。

children with [severe](bold) learning [disabilities](bold)

when you have a physical or mental disability

〔身体或智力上的〕缺陷，残疾

money that is given by the government to people who have physical disabilities

〔政府发给残障人士的〕残障补助金

Evans lives on disability because of an accident that left her paralyzed.

埃文斯出事故瘫痪了，靠残障补助生活。


disabled

not able to use a part of your body properly or not able to learn normally, because of a permanent problem

Disabled people should have the same rights and choices as everyone else.

Elaine is severely disabled and relies on 24 hour care.

The charity provides opportunities and facilities for disabled people to take part in sport.

if someone has special needs, they have physical or mental disabilities

a school for children with special needs

A woman whose five-year-old son has special needs has accused her local education authority of failing to provide him with a decent education.

if someone has learning difficulties, they have difficulty learning basic skills or information

A child’s behavioural problems may be associated with learning difficulties.

special courses for students with moderate learning difficulties

disabled – this word is old-fashioned and is now considered offensive. It is better to say that someone has [learning difficulties](bold) or has [special needs](bold).

someone who is in a wheelchair because they cannot walk

There is easy access for wheelchair users.

someone who is unable to move the lower part of their body, including their legs

He had a riding accident, which left him a paraplegic.

someone who is permanently unable to move any part of their body below their neck

someone who is disabled cannot use a part of their body properly, or cannot learn easily

〔人〕残障的，残疾的，有学习障碍的

a support group for parents of disabled children

a [severely disabled](bold) polio patient

严重残疾的小儿麻痹症患者

If you are elderly or physically disabled, massage can be beneficial.

如果您上了年纪或身体有残疾，按摩可能会有好处。

teachers who work with [learning disabled](bold) children (=children who have problems learning)

[disabled parking/toilet/access etc](bold)(=for physically disabled people)

The theatre has good access for the disabled.

这家剧院配备了完善的无障碍设施。


disadvantage

ˌdɪsədˈvɑːntɪdʒ

a bad feature that something has, which makes it less good or less useful than other things

What do you think are the disadvantages of nuclear energy?

This car uses a lot of fuel, which is a major disadvantage.

a bad feature that something has, although it has advantages that are usually more important

All of these designs have both their good points and bad points.

the disadvantage of a situation that in most other ways seems good or enjoyable

It’s a great job. The only downside is that I don’t get much free time.

The main disadvantage of iron as a material is its weight.

This method has one major disadvantage: its cost.

Public transport is very bad here, which is a serious disadvantage.

Children who are young in their school year sometimes have a slight disadvantage.

It’s a very small garden and it has the further disadvantage of facing north.

Unemployment often leads to social disadvantage.

Cheap air travel has considerable environmental disadvantages.

Working-class boys suffer disadvantages in the educational system.

She was able to overcome the disadvantages of race and poverty.

The company was at a disadvantage compared with its competitors.

(=make someone less likely to be successful than others)

Not speaking English might put you at a disadvantage.

(=make someone unlikely to be successful)

This system works to the disadvantage of women.

(=the good and bad features of something)

Discuss the advantages and disadvantages of working from home.

the advantages outweigh the disadvantages

(=there are more advantages than disadvantages)

The advantages of building the new road would outweigh the disadvantages.

something that causes problems, or that makes someone or something less likely to be successful or effective

The disadvantage of the material is that it fades in strong sunlight.

这种材料的缺点是在强烈的阳光下会褪色。

There are some big disadvantages to marriage – you do lose a lot of your freedom.

结婚有一些非常不利的方面——你的确会失去许多自由。

Criminal behaviour can be linked to economic disadvantage.

犯罪行为可能与经济困难有关。


disadvantage

to make someone less likely to be successful or to put them in a worse situation than others


disadvantaged

ˌdɪsədˈvɑːntɪdʒd◂

having social problems, such as a lack of money or education, which make it difficult for you to succeed

社会地位低下的，处于弱势地位的〔如贫穷或教育程度低下〕

社会地位低下者，弱势群体


disagree

[Disagree](bold)  is a reciprocal verb. This type of verb is used when saying that two or more people or groups do something that involves both or all of them: Kate and I often disagree.  You can also say: Kate and I often disagree with each other. I often disagree with Kate.

You [disagree with](bold)  someone: I totally disagree with you.
Don’t say: [I totally disagree you.](strike)

You [disagree with](bold)  an idea, or something that someone says: I disagree with his views on the economy.
Don’t say: [I disagree his views on the economy.](strike)

People [disagree about/on/over ](bold)  a subject: Experts disagree about the answer to this question. Parents often disagree on the best way to bring up children. Scientists disagree over whether oil is unhealthy.

You say [I disagree](bold)  when you do not agree with what someone says: ‘Women are better drivers than men.’ ‘I disagree.’
Don’t say: [I disagree you.](strike)

[Disagree](bold)  is not used in the progressive. You say: I disagree with your analysis.
Don’t say: [I am disagreeing with your analysis.](strike)

to have a different opinion from someone else about something

Scholars disagree about the meaning of the poem.

I don’t agree with a word of what she says.

if a group of people is divided or split on something, some of them have one opinion and others have a completely different opinion

if two or more people differ about something, they have different opinions from each other about it

The two men differed on how to handle the crisis.

used to say that two people have different opinions and ideas so that it is difficult for them to be friends or work together

Some of the teachers don’t see eye to eye with the principal of the school.

used to say that you disagree with someone’s opinion and that you think they are wrong

People are mistaken if they think that this problem will go away on its own.

to express strong disagreement with an idea or with what someone has said or done

A number of people took issue with the mayor’s decision.

to say publicly that you disagree with an official opinion or one that most people accept

Two members of the jury dissented from the majority verdict.

to have or express a different opinion from someone else

He is tolerant of those who disagree with him.

他对与自己有分歧的人持宽容态度。

Experts disagree on how much the program will cost.

专家们对该项目会花费多少意见不一。

Barr [strongly disagreed](bold) with Kronfeld’s statement.

巴尔强烈反对克龙费尔德的说法。

if statements, numbers, or reports about the same event or situation disagree, they are different from each other

〔有关同一事件或形势的陈述、数字或报道〕不一致，不相符

The statements of several witnesses disagree.


disagreement

ˌdɪsəˈɡriːmənt

ˌdɪsəˈɡriːmənt

The only disagreements we have are about money.

Negotiations failed to resolve the disagreements.

This is a policy that has caused an enormous amount of disagreement.

Disagreements may arise because of misunderstandings.

If you have a serious disagreement at work, talk to someone about it.

There is still considerable disagreement among doctors as to how to treat the illness.

There are reports of bitter disagreement between the EU and the US over this issue.

There were sharp disagreements between Republicans and Democrats.

There was fundamental disagreement on what steps should be taken to resolve the problem.

Sentencing policy is a source of disagreement between judges and the Home Office.

(=an idea or subject that people disagree about)

Substantial areas of disagreement still exist between scientists.

(=a particular thing that people disagree about)

A point of disagreement between the two parties concerns the future of nuclear power.

(=the possibility that people will disagree about something)

There is  room for disagreement about how much independence to give children.

a situation in which people express different opinions about something and sometimes argue

→see THESAURUS at [argument](->argument)

We’ve [had](bold) a few [disagreements](bold), but we’re still good friends.

我们有过一些分歧，但仍是好朋友。

disagreements about who will be allowed to vote

关于谁可以参加投票的分歧

There were disagreements among doctors about the best way to treat the disease.

这种病用什么方法治疗最好，医生们的意见有分歧。

Connor’s disagreements with school administrators

康纳和学校管理人员的意见分歧

[sharp/fundamental/profound etc disagreement](bold)(=serious disagreement)

Scientists are in disagreement about the significance of the data.

对于这些数据的意义，科学家们意见不一。

differences between two statements, reports, numbers etc that ought to be similar

〔两个本该相似的陈述、报道、数字等的〕不相符，不一致

There is disagreement between these two estimates.


disappear

if something disappears, you cannot see it any longer, or it does not exist any longer

The sun slowly disappeared over the horizon.

Millions of people saw their savings disappear.

16% of the forest cover has disappeared during the last 100 years.

to completely disappear, especially suddenly

The boat vanished without trace off the coast of Australia.

All hopes of finding the boy alive have vanished.

The fields have vanished beneath a new town of skyscrapers and motorways.

to stop existing – used about something bad such as a pain or a problem

I’m afraid the problem won’t just go away.

to gradually become less clear, strong, or bright, and finally disappear

The last rays of the evening sun were fading away.

to disappear, especially gradually – used about feelings or groups of people

to stop existing after gradually becoming more and more rare – used about a type of animal or plant, a disease, or a custom

Many of the old childhood diseases have almost died out.

if a type of animal or plant becomes extinct, it stops existing

Dinosaurs became extinct millions of years ago.

If nothing is done to save the whales, they will soon become extinct.

(=used to emphasize that it is very strange)

After two weeks it seemed that the boys had simply disappeared.

My spectacles have completely disappeared again.

Several reporters in the area have mysteriously disappeared.

The ship had suddenly disappeared in calm waters.

Hundreds of people disappear without trace every year.

The money he made has disappeared into thin air.

David watched her car until it disappeared from view.

戴维一直注视着她的车，直到它从视线中消失。

At this point the path seemed to [disappear altogether](bold)(=disappear completely).

小路到这里好像完全消失了。

to be lost, or to become impossible to find

The two girls disappeared while walking home from school.

这两名女孩儿在放学回家的路上失踪了。

[disappear without trace](bold) BrE, [without a trace](bold) AmE(=without any way of finding them)

75,000 soldiers simply disappeared without trace.

75,000名士兵竟然消失得无影无踪。

这片雨林可能会永远消失。


disappearance

ˌdɪsəˈpɪərəns

when someone or something becomes impossible to see or find

Police are investigating the woman’s disappearance.

警方正在调查这名女子的失踪案。


disappoint

to make someone feel unhappy because something they hoped for did not happen or was not as good as they expected

Great things were expected of this band, and they didn’t disappoint.

大家对这支乐队的期望很高，而他们也不负众望。

to prevent something from happening that someone hoped for or expected

让某人的希望/期望/计划破灭[落空]

The Berlin settlement of 1878 disappointed Russian hopes in the Balkans.

1878年的柏林条约使俄国对巴尔干的觊觎破灭了。


disappointed

ˌdɪsəˈpɔɪntɪd◂

ˌdɪsəˈpɔɪntɪd◂

unhappy because something you hoped for did not happen, or because something was not as good as you expected

Hundreds of disappointed fans were unable to get tickets for the game.

I was disappointed with the grade I got in my Maths exam.

to feel disappointed because something was not as good as you expected, or someone did not do what you expected them to do for you – a rather informal use

Nurses feel badly let down – they were promised a pay increase months ago.

/ˌdɪsəˈluːʒ/

disappointed because you have lost your belief that an idea is right, or that something or someone is good

Their leaders are deeply disillusioned with the peace process.

Disillusioned voters are turning against the government.

no longer feeling enthusiastic, especially so that you do not think you should be involved in something, or give someone your support

Americans have grown increasingly disenchanted with politics.

used when telling someone that you feel disappointed and wish that the situation was different

She always felt sorry that she hadn’t got to know him better.

extremely disappointed, especially because you were unsuccessful

looking very disappointed and sad, especially when you suddenly realise that something you want cannot happen

Gary looked crestfallen as they calculated how much money they would need.

unhappy because something you hoped for did not happen, or because someone or something was not as good as you expected

Dad seemed more disappointed than angry.

爸爸与其说是生气，倒不如说是失望。

I was disappointed that we played so well yet still lost.

我们打得这么好可还是输了，这让我感到失望。

Local residents were disappointed with the decision.

当地居民对这个决定感到失望。

People are disappointed by the lack of political change.

[disappointed to hear/see/find etc](bold)

Visitors were disappointed to find the museum closed.

游客看到博物馆闭馆感到失望。

The girl’s parents were bitterly disappointed at the jury’s verdict.

女孩儿的父母对陪审团的裁定感到非常失望。


disappointing

ˌdɪsəˈpɔɪntɪŋ◂

ˌdɪsəˈpɔɪntɪŋ◂

The Lakers’ loss in the playoffs was very disappointing.

湖人队在季后赛中的失利令人十分失望。


disappointment

There was great disappointment when we lost the game.

(=feeling disappointed in a very unhappy and upset way)

The fans felt bitter disappointment at England's failure to qualify for the finals.

The US expressed disappointment at the outcome of the talks.

also: conceal your disappointment (formal)

She turned away quickly to hide her disappointment.

We recommend you book early to avoid disappointment.

If you expect too much, you will be doomed to disappointment.

We all shared her disappointment in failing to get the job.

For days he couldn't get over his sense of deep disappointment.

She didn't attempt to hide the look of disappointment on her face.

She felt a twinge of disappointment at not getting first prize.

a feeling of unhappiness because something is not as good as you expected, or has not happened in the way you hoped

He could see the disappointment in her eyes.

他看得出她眼神中的失望。

To Edward’s disappointment, Gina never turned up at the party.

让爱德华感到扫兴的是，吉娜始终没在聚会上露面。

the managers’ disappointment with the results

Several people [expressed disappointment](bold) at the delay.

有几个人对这次延误表示失望。

her disappointment that she hadn’t been picked

She hid her [bitter disappointment](bold).

她隐藏了内心深深的失望。

someone or something that is not as good as you hoped or expected

She felt she was a disappointment to her family.

她觉得自己让家人失望了。

The team’s performance has been a disappointment for the fans.

球队的表现让球迷感到失望。


disapproval

an attitude that shows you think that someone or their behaviour, ideas etc are bad or not suitable

[strong disapproval](bold) of the country’s human rights record

Baxter eyed our clothes with obvious disapproval.

巴克斯特打量我们的衣着，显然不满意。

克拉丽莎摇摇头表示反对。


disapprove

to think that someone or their behaviour, ideas etc are bad or wrong

I knew my parents would disapprove, but I went anyway.

我知道父母会反对，但我还是去了。

I disapprove of diets; it’s better to eat sensibly.

我不赞成节食，最好还是合理饮食。

Her family [strongly disapproved](bold) of her behaviour.

她家人强烈反对她的行为。

In everyday English, people often say they [don’t agree with](bold)  an idea rather than [disapprove of](bold)  it: I [don’t agree with](bold) capital punishment.

to not agree to something that has been suggested

The board of directors disapproved the sale.


disaster

a sudden event such as an accident, or a natural event such as a flood or storm, which causes great damage or suffering

The earthquake was the worst natural disaster to hit India for over 50 years.

a terrible event in which there is a lot of destruction, damage, suffering, or death over a wide area of the world

A large comet hitting the Earth would be a catastrophe.

We don’t want another nuclear catastrophe like Chernobyl.

Scientists say that the oil spill is an ecological catastrophe.

a very sad event, that shocks people because it involves death

an event or situation that is a complete failure and is very embarrassing

The opening ceremony turned into a debacle.

The team is hoping to do better this game, after last week’s debacle against the Chicago Bears.

a sudden shaking of the Earth’s surface that often causes a lot of damage

A powerful earthquake struck the Indonesian island of Sulawesi.

It was the biggest earthquake to hit the Pacific Northwest for 52 years.

a very large amount of water that covers an area that is usually dry

Bangladesh has been hit by a series of devastating floods very bad floods.

The crisis began with floods that covered one third of the countryside.

a long period of dry weather when there is not enough water for plants and animals to live

The country experienced its worst drought this century.

In East Africa, three years of drought have left 10 million people in urgent need of food and water.

a situation in which a large number of people have little or no food for a long time and many people die

4,000,000 people are threatened by famine in northern Ethiopia.

a storm that has very strong fast winds and that moves over water – used about storms in the North Atlantic Ocean

Hurricane Andrew left southern Florida in ruins.

a violent tropical storm – used about storms in the Western Pacific Ocean

A typhoon has hit the Philippines, lifting roofs off houses and uprooting trees.

a very large wave, caused by extreme conditions such as an earthquake, which can cause a lot of damage when it reaches land

Thousands of people were killed in the tsunami.

Many Pacific earthquakes have generated tsunamis.

In recent years there has been an increase in weather-related natural disasters.

This region is facing an ecological disaster as a result of toxic waste.

The crash was the worst rail disaster in Pakistan’s  history.

(=an accident involving nuclear power or weapons)

A conflict could get out of hand and degenerate into nuclear disaster.

It was a terrible disaster which carried away a large part of the hillside.

Congress often gives millions of dollars in foreign aid when natural disasters strike.

They called for an international programme to prevent the disaster happening again.

Military planes flew food supplies to the disaster area.

(=money, food, clothes etc for people in a disaster area)

(=someone who is suffering because of a disaster)

Aid is being given to the disaster victims.

Last Saturday’s game was a complete disaster for our team.

a financial/economic/military etc disaster

The Labour Party called the new government 'a national disaster'.

I’d taken some professional risks and survived a few personal disasters.

The $24,000,000 movie was an unmitigated disaster.

Always save a backup copy of your work to avoid potential disasters.

By the late 1990s his career had ended in disaster.

Bad luck and the recession spelt disaster for her business.

Once again the peace process was on the brink of disaster.

(=be a situation that is very likely to end badly)

If you get married too young, it’s a recipe for disaster.

(=used to say that something is bad and will fail)

The government’s educational reforms are a disaster waiting to happen.

a sudden event such as a flood, storm, or accident which causes great damage or suffering

→see THESAURUS at [accident](->accident)

One hundred and twenty people died in China’s worst [air disaster](bold).

the economic consequences of the Chernobyl [nuclear disaster](bold)

切尔诺贝利核灾难的经济后果

The oil spill was a disaster for Alaskan sea animals.

石油泄漏对阿拉斯加的海洋动物是一场灾难。

The 1987 hurricane was the worst [natural disaster](bold) to hit England for decades.

Their expedition nearly [ended in disaster](bold), when one of the climbers slid off the mountain.

一名登山者从山上滑落，他们的探险活动险些以灾难告终。

The drought could [spell disaster](bold) for wildlife.

这场干旱对野生动物来说可能是一场灾难。

[Disaster struck](bold) when two men were killed during their parachute jumps.

灾难突然降临，两名男子在跳伞过程中丧生。

The peace process was [on the brink of disaster](bold).

Luckily the pilot saw the other plane just in time, and a [disaster](bold) was narrowly [averted](bold).

幸好飞行员及时看到了另一架飞机，侥幸避免了一场灾难。

something that is very bad or a failure, especially when this is very annoying or disappointing

[sth is a complete/total/disaster](bold)

Because of the weather, the parade was a total disaster.

由于天气作祟，游行活动彻底搞砸了。

The evening was an [unmitigated disaster](bold)(=a complete failure).

The cuts in funding will be a disaster for the schools.

削减经费对学校来说将是灾难性的。

Five small boys on skis [is a recipe for disaster](bold)(=is very likely to end badly).

五个小男孩儿一起滑雪迟早要出事。


disastrous

Climate change could have disastrous effects on Earth.

气候变化可能给地球带来灾难性的影响。

The move [proved disastrous](bold)(=was disastrous) for the company.

事实证明，这一举措对公司来说是灾难性的。


disbelief

a feeling that something is not true or does not exist

The reaction to the murders was one of shock and disbelief.

人们对这些谋杀事件的反应是震惊和不敢相信。


disc

→ [disc brakes](->disc brakes) → [disc jockey](->disc jockey) → [disk drive](->disk drive) → [laser disk](->laser disk)

also: disk ([especially AmE](bold))  [n](bold) <[C](bold)>

穿在金属圆片上的三把钥匙

a record that you play on a record player

The report form is available on disc from Personnel.

报告表格在人事部光盘上。

a flat piece of cartilage between the bones of your back

He retired early because of a [slipped disc](bold)(=one that has moved out of its correct place).

他因椎间盘突出提前退休了。


discard

把所有旧清洁用品都扔掉。

to put down unwanted cards in a card game

〔在牌戏中〕打出（无用的牌），垫（牌），弃（牌）


discard

an unwanted card that is put down in a card game

〔牌戏中〕垫掉的牌，弃牌


discern

[Discern](bold)  is not used in the progressive. You say: I discern a slight difference.
Don’t say: [I am discerning a slight difference.](strike)

to notice or understand something by thinking about it carefully

〔仔细思考之后〕觉察，弄清，辨明

→see THESAURUS at [recognize](->recognize)

Officials were keen to discern how much public support there was.

官员们急切地想了解公众支持率有多高。

to be able to see something by looking carefully

We[ could just discern ](bold)a town in the distance.

我们依稀看到远处有一座城镇。


discharge

to officially allow someone to leave somewhere, especially the hospital or the army, navy etc, or to tell them that they must leave

准许〔某人〕离开〔尤指出院、退伍等〕；通知〔患者〕出院；开除〔士兵〕军籍

Hospitals now tend to discharge patients earlier than in the past.

与过去相比，现在医院往往会让患者早些出院。

Several of the recruits were discharged from the Army due to medical problems.

几名新兵因健康问题被作退兵处理。

[discharge yourself](bold) BrE(=leave hospital before your treatment is complete)

[conditionally discharge sb](bold) BrE(=let someone leave prison if they obey particular rules)

Dunning was conditionally discharged for two years.

邓宁被判有条件释放，缓刑期为两年。

to send out gas, liquid, smoke etc, or to allow it to escape

Sewage is discharged directly into the sea.

Rainwater collects here and then discharges into the river Kennett.

雨水汇集于此，然后排入肯尼特河。

A soldier accidentally discharged his weapon.

一名士兵不小心枪走了火。

to do or pay what you have a duty to do or pay

履行〔职责〕；清偿〔债务〕

[discharge your duties/responsibilities/obligations etc](bold)

The trustees failed to discharge their duties properly.

if a piece of electrical equipment discharges, or if it is discharged, it sends out electricity

if a wound or body part discharges a substance such as pusinfected liquid, the substance slowly comes out of it

to take goods or passengers off a ship, plane etc

卸〔货〕；〔轮船、飞机等〕下〔客〕


discharge

when you officially allow someone to leave somewhere, especially the hospital or their job in the army, navy etc

Nurses visit the mother and baby for two weeks after their discharge from the hospital.

母婴出院后护士会随访两周。

→ [dishonourable discharge](->dishonourable discharge) → [honorable discharge](->honorable discharge)

when gas, liquid, smoke etc is sent out, or the substance that is sent out

〔气体、液体、烟等的〕排放；排放物

the discharge of toxic waste into the sea

when a substance slowly comes out of a wound or part of your body, or the substance that comes out

〔物质缓慢从伤口或身体部位的〕排出；排出物

electricity that is sent out by a piece of equipment, a storm etc

〔设备、风暴等的〕放电；释放出来的电

when someone performs a duty or pays a debt

〔职责的〕履行；〔债务的〕清偿

the discharge of the college’s legal responsibilities


disciple

someone who believes in the ideas of a great teacher or leader, especially a religious one

〔尤指宗教导师的〕追随者，门徒，信徒

He was also an avid reader and a disciple of Tolstoy.

他也酷爱读书，是托尔斯泰的追随者。

one of the first 12 men to follow Christ

使徒〔耶稣的十二门徒之一〕


discipline

(=clear rules that people understand and must obey)

Without good discipline in a school, the standard of teaching suffers.

(=very  firm and not always reasonable or kind)

Some parents complained about the school's strict discipline.

Problems tend to arise in families where there is poor discipline.

a government report into how to improve school discipline

(=the kind of strict discipline imposed in the army)

I hated the army and the routine of military discipline.

A good teacher knows how to maintain discipline.

(=make people obey the rules, especially by using punishment)

It is entirely for your own good that we enforce discipline.

The principal never tolerated a lack of discipline.

Being absent without permission was a breach of discipline.

(=a problem with the students' behaviour in a school)

Successful schools have fewer discipline problems.

a way of training someone so that they learn to control their behaviour and obey rules

The book gives parents advice on discipline.

这本书指导父母如何管教孩子。

serious [discipline problems](bold) in the police force

警察队伍内严重的纪律问题

the ability to control your own behaviour, so that you do what you are expected to do

Working from home requires a good deal of discipline.

a way of training your mind or learning to control your behaviour

〔思想或行为的〕纪律，训练

Martial arts teach respect, discipline, and cooperation.

武术教人学会尊重、自律、合作。

Learning poetry is a good discipline for the memory.

学习诗歌是训练记忆的良方。

an area of knowledge or teaching, especially one such as history, chemistry, mathematics etc that is studied at a university

〔尤指大学的〕学科，科目


discipline

to punish someone in order to keep order and control

惩戒，处罚，给予〔某人〕纪律处分

这些警员后来受到了纪律处分。

to teach someone to obey rules and control their behaviour

Different cultures have different ways of disciplining their children.

不同的文化有不同的管教孩子的方法。

to control the way you work, how regularly you do something etc, because you know it is good for you

严格要求自己，自律（去做某事）

Try to discipline yourself to write every day.

想办法逼自己每天写点东西。


disclose

to make something publicly known, especially after it has been kept secret

Some companies have already voluntarily [disclosed](bold) similar [information](bold).

一些公司已经主动披露了类似的信息。

He [refused to disclose](bold) the identity of the politician.

他拒绝透露那位政治家的身份。

It was disclosed that £3.5 million was needed to modernize the building.

据透露，那幢建筑的现代化改造需要350万英镑。

to show something by removing the thing that covers it

〔移除覆盖物〕使显露，使暴露


disclosure

a secret that someone tells people, or the act of telling this secret

透露的秘密；透露，披露，泄露

the disclosure of private medical information


discomfort

a feeling of slight pain or of being physically uncomfortable

If the exercise causes discomfort, stop immediately.

如果这项锻炼引起不适，就立即停止。

a feeling of embarrassment, shame, or worry

他笑了起来，这让她感到不自在。

something that makes you feel uncomfortable or gives you a slight pain


disconnect

[disconnection](bold) /-ˈnekʃ/  n. <C,U>

to remove the supply of power, gas, water etc from a machine or piece of equipment

切断〔机器设备〕的水[电，气]等供应

Always disconnect the machine from the mains first.

一定要先切断机器的电源。

The family agreed to disconnect her life support system.

to separate something from the thing it is connected to, or to become separated

Two freight cars disconnected from the train engine.

两节货车车厢与火车头脱钩了。

to officially stop supplying a service, such as water, telephone, electricity, or gas, to a house or other building

停止〔住宅等〕的水[电，气]等供应

Eleven percent of households were disconnected for non-payment of bills.

百分之十一的住户因为未付账单被切断了服务。

if you disconnect or become disconnected from your feelings, family, society etc, you no longer feel as though you belong or have a relationship with them

（使）脱离关系，（使）断绝关系

Divorced men can too easily become disconnected from their children.

to break the telephone connection between two people


disconnect

when two people or groups no longer understand or have a relationship with each other

the disconnect between the ordinary public and the concerns of politicians

普通民众与政治家关心的问题之间的脱节


discount

You get a discount if you book more than ten tickets.

Many theatres give discounts to students.

Lenders may offer a discount on larger loans.

I asked for a discount because the vase was slightly damaged.

Some of the hotels offer special discounts during the winter.

If you spend over £50, you get a big discount.

Insurance companies give substantial discounts to mature drivers.

The magazine is offering readers a 15% discount on its subscription fees.

You can buy books online at discount prices.

The bus company offers discount fares to pensioners.

(=system for giving discounts to people)

Many stores operate discount schemes for regular customers.

The discount card entitles customers to 15% off.

(=selling things more cheaply than other shops)

There's a lot of competition from large discount stores.

a reduction in the usual price of something

[10% discount/discount of 25% etc](bold)

Members [get](bold) a 15% [discount](bold).

The Young Persons Railcard gives you a discount on rail travel.

[discount store/shop/warehouse](bold)(=a place where you can buy goods cheaply)


discount

to regard something as unlikely to be true or important

Experts discounted the accuracy of the polls.

专家对这次民意调查的准确性不以为然。

General Hausken had not [discounted the possibility of](bold) an aerial attack.

豪斯肯将军没有忽视空袭的可能。

Games were discounted to as little as $5.


discourage

to persuade someone not to do something, especially by making it seem difficult or bad

（设法）劝阻，打消 …的念头

attempts to discourage illegal immigration

My father is a lawyer, and he discouraged me from entering the field.

我父亲是一名律师，他劝我别干这一行。

You say: She discouraged me from going.
Don’t say: [She discouraged me to go.](strike)

to make someone less confident or less willing to do something

You should not let one failure discourage you.

你不该失败一次就灰心丧气。

Aspirin may discourage tumour growth in some types of cancer.

阿司匹林可能遏制某些恶性肿瘤的生长。


discouraged

no longer having the confidence you need to continue doing something

→see THESAURUS at [confident](->confident)

A lot of players [get discouraged](bold) and quit.

许多选手失去信心，放弃了。


discourse

a serious speech or piece of writing on a particular subject

〔关于某个主题的〕演讲，论述，著述

serious conversation or discussion between people

Candidates should engage in serious political discourse.

候选人应该参加严肃的政治对话。

the language used in particular types of speech or writing


discover

to find someone or something, either by accident or because you were looking for them

尸体是在一块田地里找到的。

Forest Service crews often discover campfires that have not been put out completely.

林务局工作人员常常发现未完全熄灭的营火。

to find out something that you did not know about before

发现，发觉〔以前未知的事物〕

The exercises let students discover math concepts on their own.

这些练习让学生自己发现数学概念。

His friends were shocked to discover how ill he was.

朋友们发现他病得这么厉害都惊愕不已。

In more formal English, you say [it is discovered that](bold)  something is true: It was discovered that lightning was electrical.

if someone discovers a new place, fact, substance etc, they are the first person to find it or know that it exists

发现，找到〔新的地方、事实、物质等〕

The Curies are best known for discovering radium.

居里夫妇以发现镭而最为知名。

to notice or try something for the first time and start to enjoy it

to notice someone who is very good at something and help them to become successful and well known


discovery

By making new discoveries we expand our understanding of the natural world.

It was pure chance that led to the discovery.

New discoveries are being made all the time.

the recent discovery of frozen water on the moon

The archaeologists had made an important discovery.

The book covers the major scientific discoveries of the last century.

The existence of the new solar system was a very exciting discovery.

Their work led to some surprising discoveries.

When they examined the virus, they made a startling discovery.

Some of the tombs were the result of chance discoveries.

(=an unpleasant and sad discovery such as finding a dead body)

Police made the grim discovery while they were searching the house.

a fact or thing that someone finds out about, when it was not known about before

The Hubble Telescope allowed astronomers to make significant discoveries about our galaxy.

哈勃望远镜使得天文学家对我们的银河系有了重大发现。

the discovery that bees can communicate with each other

蜜蜂能够相互交流这一发现


discredit

to make people stop respecting or trusting someone or something

损坏〔某人或某事物〕的名声[可信度]

The company’s lawyers tried to discredit her testimony.

公司的律师试图质疑她证词的可信度。

to make people stop believing in a particular idea

他的理论现在已经没人相信了。


discredit

the loss of other people’s respect or trust

To his discredit, he knew about the problem but said nothing.

他知道那个问题但什么也没说，这使他名誉扫地。

[bring discredit on/upon/to sb/sth](bold)

The behaviour of fans has brought discredit on English football.

球迷的行为败坏了英格兰足球的名誉。


discreet

careful about what you say or do, so that you do not offend, upset, or embarrass people or tell secrets

He assured her that he would be discreet.

我谨慎地保持一段距离站在后面。

small and showing good taste or judgment – use this to show approval


discrepancy

a difference between two amounts, details, reports etc that should be the same

〔两个本该一样的数量、细节、报告等的〕不一致，不符，差异，出入

Police [found discrepancies](bold) in the two men’s reports.

警方发现两名男子的陈述不一致。

There is a large discrepancy between the ideal image of motherhood and the reality.

理想的母亲形象与现实之间有很大的差异。


discretion

the ability and right to decide exactly what should be done in a particular situation

决断力；处理权；酌情决定权

at sb’s discretion (=according to someone’s decision)

The awards are made at the discretion of the committee.

Promotions are [left to the discretion](bold) of the supervisor.

People want to have more discretion over their working hours.

人们想对工作时间有更多的自主权。

The judge exercised his discretion rightly to admit the evidence.

法官正确地行使了决定权，采信了该项证据。

The committee has the absolute discretion to refuse applications.

委员会拥有绝对的权力拒绝申请。

the ability to deal with situations in a way that does not offend, upset, or embarrass people or tell any of their secrets

British newspapers no longer feel they must treat the royal family with discretion.

英国报界不再觉得他们非得审慎对待王室不可了。

used to say that it is better to be careful than to take unnecessary risks

知进退方可言大勇，知慎近乎勇


discriminate

to treat a person or group differently from another in an unfair way

〔不公正地〕区别对待；歧视

Under federal law, it is illegal to discriminate against minorities and women.

联邦法律规定，歧视少数族裔和女性是违法的。

[discriminate on the grounds/basis of sth](bold)

It was found that the company still discriminated on the basis of race in promotions.

据发现，这家公司在晋升方面仍然存在种族歧视。

to recognize a difference between things

Newborn babies can discriminate between a man’s and a woman’s voice.

新生儿能辨别男人和女人的声音。

the process of learning to discriminate fact from opinion

学会区别事实和观点的过程


discrimination

dɪˌskrɪməˈneɪʃən

dɪˌskrɪməˈneɪʃən

Laws have been passed banning racial discrimination.

She claimed she’d been the victim of sex discrimination.

Age discrimination disadvantages older workers.

There must be an end to religious discrimination.

(=not giving someone a job because of their race, sex etc)

Progress has been made in eliminating job discrimination.

The new law aims to bring an end to workplace discrimination.

The European Court of Justice decided that she had been the subject of unlawful discrimination.

Government figures suggest that ethnic minorities face discrimination looking for jobs.

The purpose of the law is to end discrimination in the workplace.

(=someone who has experienced discrimination)

Victims of discrimination have the right to make a complaint.

discrimination on the grounds/basis of sth

Discrimination on the grounds of nationality is prohibited.

the practice of treating one person or group differently from another in an unfair way

→see THESAURUS at [prejudice](->prejudice) 1

widespread discrimination against older people in the job market

discrimination in favour of university graduates

[racial/sex/religious etc discrimination](bold)(=treating someone unfairly because of their race, sex etc)

→ [positive discrimination](->positive discrimination) → [reverse discrimination](->reverse discrimination)

the ability to recognize the difference between two or more things, especially the difference in their quality


discuss

You [discuss ](bold) something with someone: She discussed the idea with her parents.
Don’t say: [discuss about something](strike)

You [talk about ](bold) something with someone: She talked about the idea with her parents.

People [debate](bold)  something: Congress will debate the bill.

You [discuss what to](bold)  do: We discussed what to pay him.

You [discuss what](bold)  you [should](bold)  do: We discussed what we should pay him.

You [discuss whether to](bold)  do something: The board discussed whether to go ahead with the plan.

You [discuss whether](bold)  you [should](bold)  do something: The board discussed whether they should go ahead with the plan.

You [discuss how to](bold)  do something: They discussed how to prevent terrorist attacks.

You [discuss how](bold)  you [might](bold)  do something: They discussed how they might prevent terrorist attacks.

We’d never discussed the question of having children.

I suggested going out for a drink to discuss the problem.

The two leaders met to discuss the issue further.

I sometimes let the class choose which topic they want to discuss.

They held a three-hour meeting to discuss the situation.

Government officials were seriously discussing the possibility of war.

It’s a good idea to discuss your plans with your parents.

He met the chairman of Nuclear Electric to discuss the future of the nuclear generating industry.

Let’s get together soon to discuss the details of the trip.

to talk about something with another person or a group in order to exchange ideas or decide something

Littman refused to discuss the case publicly.

利特曼拒绝公开讨论此案。

If you would like to [discuss the matter](bold) further, please call me.

如果你想进一步讨论此事，请打电话给我。

Pupils should be given time to discuss the book with their classmates.

应该给学生时间，让他们与同学讨论这本书。

Your accountant will discuss with you how to complete these forms.

你的会计师会和你商量怎样填这些表格。

In everyday English, people usually say [talk about](bold)  rather than [discuss](bold) :

It’s good to be able to [talk about](bold) these things.

to talk or write about something in detail and consider different ideas or opinions about it

This topic will be discussed in Chapter 4.

这一话题将在第四章进行详述。


discussion

an occasion when you discuss something, or the process of discussing it

After a long discussion, they decided to paint the room pale blue.

This led to a discussion of our favourite books.

There are several projects under discussion being discussed.

discussion of a particular subject that often continues for a long time, in which people express different opinions. Also used to mean a formal discussion of a subject, after which people vote for or against something

There is a lot of debate about the safety of nuclear power.

The student union is holding a debate on immigration.

formal discussions between governments, organizations etc

The next round of trade talks will be held in the spring.

Bilateral talks between two groups or countrieson refugees took place in November.

official discussions between two or more groups who are trying to agree on something

The two sides have begun negotiations aimed at ending the dispute.

International negotiations on reducing sulphur dioxide emissions have ended without agreement.

a large formal meeting at which people from many places discuss their work or research, or important matters relating to their organization

an international conference on nuclear physics

a formal discussion in which people who are affected by or involved in something can give their opinions

The government promised a full public consultation before a decision was made to build the airport.

The revised syllabus was devised after wide consultations with the teaching profession.

high-level discussions about trade and commerce

有关贸易和商务的高层会谈

The embassy will continue discussions with the Chinese government.

大使馆将继续与中国政府进行商讨。

We have [had discussions](bold) about her legal situation.

我们已就她的法律状况进行了讨论。

The project is under discussion as a possible joint venture.

目前正在讨论这个项目是否有可能办成合资企业。

a piece of writing about a subject that considers different ideas or opinions about it

〔对某一话题的〕论述，阐述

the report’s discussion of the legislation


disease

[diseased](bold) adj. eg: diseased muscles eg: a diseased plant

About three million people suffer from the disease.

He caught the disease while travelling in Africa.

A few years ago, she developed a serious lung disease.

They may pass the disease on to their children.

Smoking is probably the major factor causing heart disease.

It has been claimed that fibre in the diet could help prevent many serious diseases.

The disease can be treated with antibiotics.

The plant was believed to cure diseases in humans and cattle.

Some bacteria help the human body fight disease.

The government have no idea how far the disease has spread.

vaccines against serious diseases like hepatitis and meningitis

If left untreated, the disease can be fatal.

Thousands of children are struck down by this deadly disease every year.

Diseases that were once thought incurable can be treated with antibiotics.

(=that spreads quickly from one person to another)

The fumes have caused skin diseases among the villagers.

Parents are offered screening for some hereditary diseases.

There was a worrying rise in the number of sexually-transmitted diseases.

She was suffering from a degenerative disease that confined her to a wheelchair.

(=continuing for a long time and not possible to cure)

Chronic disease is sometimes seen as an inevitable part of being old.

There is no known cure for this disease.

(=when a disease appears in a number of people or animals)

There has been an outbreak of the disease in Wales.

Knowing the facts about AIDS can prevent the spread of the disease.

(=physical signs that someone has a disease)

To begin with, there are often no symptoms of the disease.

an illness which affects a person, animal, or plant

She suffers from a rare disease of the brain.

她患上了一种罕见的脑病。

She contracted the disease while she was abroad on holiday.

她在国外度假时染上了这种疾病。

something that is seriously wrong with society or with someone’s mind, behaviour etc

〔社会的〕严重弊病；〔某人精神、行为等的〕病，恶疾

Loneliness is a disease of our urban communities.

孤独是我们都市人群的一种通病。


disgrace

the loss of other people’s respect because you have done something they strongly disapprove of

Smith faced total public disgrace after the incident.

事情发生之后，史密斯声名狼藉。

His actions [brought disgrace on](bold) the family.

There was [no disgrace](bold) in finishing fourth.

得了第四名没什么丢脸的。

used to say that something or someone is so bad or unacceptable that the people involved with them should feel ashamed

The UK rail system is a national disgrace.

英国铁路系统是国家的耻辱。

You are a disgrace to the medical profession.

[It’s an](bold) absolute [disgrace](bold), the way he treats his wife.

他那样对待妻子，简直太可耻了。


disgrace

to do something so bad that you make other people feel ashamed

给 …丢脸；给 …带来耻辱

How could you disgrace us all like that?

你怎么能这样丢我们大家的脸呢？

I’m not the one who disgraced herself at the wedding!

在婚礼上丢脸的人又不是我！

[be (publicly) disgraced](bold)(=be made to feel ashamed, especially in public)


disgraceful

可耻的，丢脸的，不光彩的

It’s a disgraceful waste of taxpayers’ money.

这样浪费纳税人的钱真是可耻。

Their behaviour was absolutely disgraceful.

[It is disgraceful that](bold) anyone should have to live in such conditions.

竟有人得在这种条件下生活，真是太不像话了。


disguise

to change someone’s appearance so that people cannot recognize them

Maybe you could disguise yourself as a waiter and sneak in there.

或许你可以假扮成服务员混进去。

He escaped across the border disguised as a priest.

to change the appearance, sound, taste etc of something so that people do not recognize it

掩盖，掩饰〔某物的外表、声音、味道等〕

There’s no way you can disguise that southern accent.

那种南方口音是无法掩盖的。

a letter bomb disguised as a musical greetings card

伪装成音乐贺卡的信件炸弹

to hide a fact or feeling so that people will not notice it

掩饰，掩盖，隐瞒〔事实或感情〕

Try as he might, Dan couldn’t disguise his feelings for Katie.

不论怎么努力，丹还是掩饰不住对凯蒂的感情。

[There’s no disguising the fact that](bold) business is bad.

生意不好，这是无法隐瞒的事实。

The speech was seen by many as a [thinly disguised](bold) attack on the president.

许多人认为这场演说是对总统几乎不加掩饰的攻击。


disguise

[blessing in disguise](bold) at → [blessing](->blessing) sense 4

something that you wear to change your appearance and hide who you are, or the act of wearing this

他的伪装没能骗过任何人。

She wore dark glasses in an absurd attempt at disguise.

她戴了副墨镜企图伪装，很是可笑。

The woman in the park turned out to be a police officer in disguise.

公园里的那个女人原来是一个乔装的警察。

made to seem like something else that is better

变相的，粉饰的〔使看起来更好〕

‘Tax reform’ is just a tax increase in disguise.

“税务改革”只不过是变相的增税。


disgust

a strong feeling of dislike, annoyance, or disapproval

Sam threw his books down in disgust and stormed out of the room.

萨姆气愤地扔下书，冲出房间。

[Much to](bold) my [disgust](bold), I found that there were no toilets for the disabled.

让我非常气愤的是，我发现竟然没有供残疾人使用的厕所。

The fans didn’t hide their disgust at the umpire’s decision.

球迷们没有掩饰对裁判判罚的不满。

a very strong feeling of dislike that almost makes you sick, caused by something unpleasant

He reached into the bin with a look of disgust on his face.

他把手伸进垃圾箱，脸上带着嫌弃的表情。

Edward tasted the thin, sour wines with disgust.

爱德华厌恶地尝着又淡又酸的葡萄酒。


disgust

to make someone feel very annoyed or upset about something that is not acceptable

使〔某人〕反感[厌恶，气愤]

Many parents claimed to be disgusted by the amount of violence in the film.

许多家长称他们对电影里大量的暴力内容很反感。

Dear Sir, I was disgusted to see the picture on page one of Sunday’s feature section.

亲爱的先生，看到周日报纸专题报道首页上的照片，我感到很气愤。

It disgusts me that he got away with it.

他竟逍遥法外，我为此愤愤不平。

to be so unpleasant that it makes you feel almost sick

使〔某人〕感到恶心[作呕]

The thought of eating insects disgusts me.


disgusted

very annoyed or upset by something that is not acceptable

Disgusted onlookers claimed the driver was more concerned about his car than about the victim.

气愤的旁观者说，那名司机更担心他的汽车而不是受害人。

Most locals are disgusted by the anti-foreigner violence.

大多数当地人对排外暴力行为很反感。

Animal welfare workers were disgusted that anyone could do this to a puppy.

动物福利工作者对竟然有人这么对待小狗深感愤慨。


disgusting

[disgustingly](bold) adv. eg: They’re disgustingly rich.

extremely unpleasant and making you feel sick

令人恶心的，使人极其反感的，令人厌恶的

→see THESAURUS at [bad](->bad) 1   →see THESAURUS at [horrible](->horrible)   →see THESAURUS at [taste](->taste) 1

Rubbish was piled everywhere – it was disgusting.

垃圾堆得到处都是，真恶心。

吸烟是一种令人十分讨厌的习惯。

令人吃惊的；让人无法接受的

Sixty pounds for a thirty-minute consultation. I think that’s disgusting!

咨询30分钟要收费60英镑，我看这也太离谱了！


dish

→ [side dish](->side dish) → [satellite dish](->satellite dish)

a flat container with low sides, for serving food from or cooking food in

all the plates, cups, bowls etc that have been used to eat a meal and need to be washed

我会在我们走之前把碗碟洗了。

In everyday English, people often use the expression [do the washing-up](bold)  (BrE) or [do the dishes](bold)  (AmE), rather than [wash the dishes](bold) .

a type of food that is cooked in a particular way and served as part of a meal

〔烹制好的〕菜肴，一道菜

The menu includes a wide selection of vegetarian dishes.

菜单上有品种丰富的素食菜肴。

This soup is substantial enough to serve as a [main dish](bold)(=the biggest part of a meal).

这道汤材料十足，可以当主菜了。


dish

to give a lot of information about something or someone, especially something that would usually be secret or private

揭（ …的）隐私，说（ …的）闲话

She’s ready to dish on boys, beauty, and break-ups in her new column.

她准备在新开的栏目里大谈有关男人、美容和感情破裂方面的事。

[dish the dirt](bold)(=tell people shocking things about someone’s private life)


dishwasher

-ˌwɒːʃər, -ˌwɑː-

someone whose job is to wash dirty dishes, plates etc, especially in a restaurant

〔尤指饭店的〕洗碗工，洗碟工


disk

→ [compact disc](->compact disc) → [floppy disk](->floppy disk) → [hard disk](->hard disk) → [laser disk](->laser disk)

a small flat piece of plastic or metal which is used for storing computer or electronic information


dislike

[Dislike](bold)  is used with an [-ing](bold)  form, not an infinitive. You [dislike doing](bold)  something: I dislike eating dinner alone.
Don’t say: [I dislike to eat dinner alone.](strike)

[Dislike](bold)  is not used in the progressive. You say: Tell us what you dislike about it.
Don’t say: [Tell us what you are disliking about it.](strike)

to not like someone or something. [Dislike](bold) is stronger than [not like](bold), and is used especially in written English

She disliked him as soon as she met him.

Chemistry was the only subject he disliked at school.

Why did you invite Claire? You know I don’t like her.

I don’t really like getting up in the morning when it’s dark.

used to say that you do not like something, but in a polite or gentle way

She’s never been very fond of his books.

to not like someone or something because you do not have a good opinion of them

We’ve tried that restaurant twice and we don’t think much of it.

I worked with him for years and I didn’t think much of him.

to not be the kind of thing you enjoy – used about activities, films, books etc

Detective stories aren’t really my kind of thing.

to stop liking someone or something that you used to like

Dan and I went out together for six months and then I just went off him.

to make you stop liking someone or something

I was terrible at sport at school and it totally put me off doing any kind of exercise.

to think someone or something is unpleasant and not like them

I dislike being the centre of attention.

我不喜欢成为人们关注的焦点。

In everyday English, people usually say [don’t like](bold)  rather than [dislike](bold) :

He [doesn’t like](bold) being criticized.


dislike

a feeling of not liking someone or something

She shared her mother’s dislike of housework.

她和她妈妈一样不爱做家务。

Truman had a strong dislike for communism.

[intense/acute/violent etc dislike](bold)(=very strong dislike)

His colleagues regarded him with intense dislike.

They [took an instant dislike to](bold) each other (=they disliked each other immediately).

他俩一见面就互相讨厌了。

A good hotel manager should know his regular guests’ [likes and dislikes](bold).

称职的酒店经理应该知道老主顾的好恶。


dismal

if a situation or a place is dismal, it is so bad that it makes you feel very unhappy and hopeless

The future looks pretty dismal right now.

差劲的，不成功的，糟糕的

The team’s record so far is pretty dismal.

该队到目前为止的成绩很糟糕。

Her scheme was a [dismal failure](bold).


dismantle

to take a machine or piece of equipment apart so that it is in separate pieces

拆开，拆卸〔机器或设备〕

Chris dismantled the bike in five minutes.

克里斯五分钟内就把自行车拆开了。

to gradually get rid of a system or organization

an election promise to dismantle the existing tax legislation

废除现有税收法规的竞选承诺


dismay

the worry, disappointment, or unhappiness you feel when something unpleasant happens

I found to my dismay that I had left my notes behind.

我沮丧地发现自己忘拿笔记了。

The thought of leaving [filled](bold) him [with dismay](bold).

想到要离开，他心里充满了忧伤。


dismay

to make someone feel worried, disappointed, and upset

The poor election turnout dismayed politicians.

选举投票率低令政治家们感到失望。


dismiss

Both actors dismissed any idea of a romantic relationship between them.

The Minister dismissed the notion that he had cut petrol tax because of the forthcoming by-election.

The prime minister dismissed the possibility of an early election.

An industrial tribunal dismissed his claim of unfair discrimination.

She claimed that she was honest and dismissed the allegations against her.

Was he lying? I tried to dismiss the thought.

The Transport Minister dismissed fears that the Cotswold railway line would close.

He dismissed criticism of the country's human rights record.

This is a question that cannot be dismissed lightly.

(=immediately, without thinking about it)

It's an interesting idea so don't dismiss it out of hand.

to refuse to consider someone’s idea, opinion etc, because you think it is not serious, true, or important

The government has dismissed criticisms that the country’s health policy is a mess.

He just laughed and dismissed my proposal as unrealistic.

他只是笑了笑，认为我的建议不切实际，懒得理会。

It’s an idea that shouldn’t be [dismissed out of hand](bold)(=dismissed immediately and completely).

这个想法不应该马上否定。

Bryant was [unfairly dismissed](bold) from his post.

布赖恩特被不公平地解雇了。

Employees can be dismissed for sending obscene emails.

员工发送淫秽电子邮件会遭到解雇。

In everyday British English, people usually say [sack](bold)  someone, and in everyday American English, people usually say [fire](bold)  someone, rather than use [dismiss](bold) :

He was [sacked](bold)([(BrE)](bold))/[fired](bold)([(AmE)](bold)) for being late all the time.

to tell someone that they are allowed to go, or are no longer needed

if a judge dismisses a court case, he or she stops it from continuing

The case was dismissed owing to lack of evidence.

由于证据不足，该案被驳回了。

to end the innings of a player or team in the game of cricket

〔板球比赛中〕使〔对方击球员或球队〕出局


dismissal

Wilson was claiming compensation for [unfair dismissal](bold).

威尔逊正在就被不公平解雇要求赔偿。

目前尚未宣布任何解雇消息。

when someone decides or says that something is not important, serious, or true

Gill’s dismissal of the book as ‘386 pages of rubbish’

吉尔将这本书斥为“386页垃圾”

a decision by a judge to stop a court case


disobedient

→ [civil disobedience](->civil disobedience)

deliberately not doing what you are told to do by your parents, teacher etc

不顺从的，不服从的，违抗的


disobey

ˌdɪsəˈbeɪ, ˌdɪsəʊ-

to not obey a person, order, rule, or law

In the army, it is a crime to disobey a superior officer.

Anyone who breaks the law must expect to be punished.

to deliberately refuse to obey a rule or law, or what someone in authority tells you to do

The police arrested the youth for defying a court order.

to deliberately disobey a rule or law in a very public way

Timber companies are continuing to flout environmental laws.

to disobey a law, or do something that is against an agreement or principle

Both countries have accused each other of violating the treaty.

to be against a law, rule, or agreement, or to do something that is against a law, rule, or agreement

The British government’s actions contravened the European Convention on Human Rights.

to refuse to do what someone with authority tells you to do, or refuse to obey a rule or law

不服从〔上级命令〕，不遵守〔规定或法律〕


disorder

Progeria is a genetic disorder which accelerates ageing.

He was diagnosed with a severe psychiatric disorder.

(=in which someone stops eating a normal amount of food)

Eating disorders can be very difficult to treat.

(=that stops someone behaving in a normal way)

The study suggested that 84% of prisoners have a personality disorder.

The singer admitted she had an eating disorder.

People who are suffering from psychological disorders often fail to get treatment.

Women are 30% more likely to develop the disorder than men.

The drug is used to treat lung disorders.

Many genetic disorders affect only girls or only boys.

a mental or physical illness which prevents part of your body from working properly

[a disorder of the brain/liver/digestive system etc](bold)

He [suffers from](bold) a rare [disorder](bold)  of the liver.

[a stomach/lung/heart etc disorder](bold)

severe [eating disorders](bold) such as bulimia and anorexia

像贪食症和厌食症这类严重的进食障碍

a situation in which a lot of people behave in an uncontrolled, noisy, or violent way in public

A number of stadiums were closed because of crowd disorder.

因发生聚众骚乱，一些体育场被关闭了。

a situation in which things or people are very untidy or disorganized

混乱，凌乱，杂乱，无秩序

Everything was in disorder, but nothing seemed to be missing.

一切都凌乱不堪，但好像没有少什么东西。

His whole system was [thrown into disorder](bold).

他的整个身体系统都被打乱了。


disorganized

dɪsˈɔːɡənaɪzd

not arranged or planned in a clear order, or lacking any kind of plan or system

杂乱无章的，组织不善的，计划不周的

The conference was completely disorganized.

someone who is disorganized is very bad at arranging or planning things

〔人〕缺乏条理的，不善于计划的

他是个极为缺乏条理的人。


disparity

a difference between two or more things, especially an unfair one

〔尤指不公正的〕不同，差异

a disparity between the rates of pay for men and women


dispatch

to send someone or something somewhere for a particular purpose

A reporter was dispatched to Naples to cover the riot.

一名记者被派往那不勒斯报道这场骚乱。

Goods are normally dispatched within 24 hours.

货物一般在24小时内派送。

to deal with someone or to finish a job quickly and effectively

She dispatched (=beat) her opponent 6–2, 6–1.

她以6比2、6比1的比分迅速拿下了对手。


dispatch

[mentioned in dispatches](bold) at → [mention](->mention) 1 sense 4

a message sent between military or government officials

〔军官或政府官员之间来往的〕公文，信件

a report sent to a newspaper from one of its writers who is in another town or country

〔由驻外记者发给报纸的〕报道，电讯

the act of sending people or things to a particular place

if you do something with dispatch, you do it well and quickly


dispense

to give something to people, especially in fixed amounts

〔尤指以固定数额〕分发，分配〔某物〕

to officially provide something for people

[dispense justice](bold)(=decide whether or not someone is guilty of a crime and what punishment they should receive)

to officially prepare and give medicines to people


disperse

if a group of people disperse or are dispersed, they go away in different directions

Police used tear gas to disperse the crowd.

警察用催泪瓦斯驱散人群。

if something disperses or is dispersed, it spreads in different directions over a wide area

The clouds dispersed as quickly as they had gathered.


displace

to take the place or position of something or someone

Coal has been displaced by natural gas as a major source of energy.

作为主要能源，煤的地位已为天然气所取代。

immigrants who displace US workers in the job market

在就业市场上取代美国工人的移民

to make a group of people or animals have to leave the place where they normally live

使〔人群或兽群〕离开家园

Fifty thousand people have been displaced by the fighting.

五万人因为战斗背井离乡。

to force something out of its usual place or position

The water displaced by the landslides created a tidal wave.

滑坡激起的水形成一股巨浪。


display

The museum has a magnificent display of silver.

I stopped to look at something in the window display.

There was a special display of local photographs.

The village has won an award for its floral displays.

She created an award-winning display at the national garden show.

There was a display case full of medals.

Some schools have a display board with photographs of all the staff.

(=table with shelves etc used for showing things to the public)

A lot of companies had impressive display stands in the conference hall.

an arrangement of things for people to look at or buy

a [dazzling display](bold)(=very good display) of flowers

The [window display](bold) caught her eye.

橱窗陈列吸引了她的目光。

[display cases](bold) containing old photographs

a public performance of something that is intended to entertain people

something that is on display is in a public place where people can look at it

Mapplethorpe’s photographs were first [put on display](bold) in New York.

马普尔索普的摄影作品在纽约首次展出。

One of the world’s oldest cars has gone on display in Brighton today.

今天在布赖顿展出了世界上最古老的汽车中的一辆。

if a quality, feeling, or skill is on display, it is very clear and easy to notice

The musical talent on display is extremely impressive.

展现出来的音乐天赋让人印象极为深刻。

display of affection/emotion/aggression etc

an occasion when someone clearly shows a particular feeling, attitude, or quality

爱意/情绪/攻击性等的流露

Unprovoked displays of aggression cannot be tolerated.

无缘无故的攻击行为是不可容忍的。

a part of a piece of equipment that shows information, for example a computer screen

This time the display flashed a red warning signal.

这次显示器上闪烁着红色的警报信号。


display

to show something to people, or put it in a place where people can see it easily

shop windows displaying the latest fashions

All the exam results will be displayed on the noticeboard.

所有的考试成绩将在布告板上公布。

to clearly show a feeling, attitude, or quality by what you do or say

显示，显露〔情感、态度或特质〕

She displayed no emotion on the witness stand.

ten piano pieces, each written to display the talents of individual players

十首钢琴曲，每一首都是为了展示演奏者的才华而作

if a computer or something similar displays information, it shows it on its screen

〔计算机等〕显示〔信息〕

I pressed ‘return’ and an error message was displayed.

我按了回车键，出现了一条错误信息。

if a male bird or animal displays, it behaves in a particular way as a signal to other birds or animals, especially to attract a female

〔尤指雄鸟或雄兽为吸引雌性而〕炫耀


disposal

Talks were held on the safe disposal of nuclear weapons.

People were put at risk by the illegal disposal of clinical waste.

(=getting rid of unwanted materials or substances)

Most countries have improved their standards of waste disposal.

also: rubbish disposal (BrE) garbage disposal (AmE)

(=getting rid of things people throw out of houses, shops etc)

Refuse disposal is the responsibility of county councils.

(=getting rid of waste water and waste products from toilets etc)

The city invested thousands in improved sewage disposal.

(=getting rid of bombs before they explode)

The building was evacuated and a bomb disposal team moved in.

The waste was sent by rail to a disposal site in Utah.

There are inadequate disposal facilities for toxic waste.

All cities have a waste disposal problem.

Tanner [had](bold) a lot of cash [at](bold) his [disposal](bold).

坦纳手头有很多现金可以动用。

[sb is at your (complete) disposal](bold)(=someone is ready to help you in any way)

a small machine under the kitchen sink which breaks vegetable waste into small pieces

the sale of something you own such as a house, a business, or land

〔房产、企业或土地的〕处置，变卖

The profit or loss on the disposal of an asset must be accounted for.

资产处置的盈亏情况必须说明。

the way in which an amount of money is used

〔一笔资金的〕处置，使用

They had complete control over the disposal of the funds.

他们对这笔资金的处置拥有完全的自主权。


dispose

to arrange things or put them in their places

安排，布置，整理〔事物〕

Chinese vases are disposed around the gallery.

中国花瓶摆放在展馆四周。


disposition

ˌdɪspəˈzɪʃən

ˌdɪspəˈzɪʃən

a particular type of character which makes someone likely to behave or react in a certain way

[of a nervous/sociable/sensitive etc disposition](bold)(=having a nervous etc character)

The film is not suitable for people of a nervous disposition.

这部影片不适合神经质的人观看。

[have a cheerful/sunny etc disposition](bold)(=have a happy character)

a tendency or willingness to behave in a particular way

[have/show a disposition to do sth](bold)

Neither side shows the slightest disposition to compromise.

双方都没有表露出丝毫要妥协的意思。

Most children have a disposition towards obedience.

大部分儿童都有服从的倾向。

the position or arrangement of something in a particular place

a map showing the disposition of American forces

the way in which something is dealt with or used

A solicitor advised him as to the disposition of the money.

事务律师建议他如何处置这笔钱。

the act of formally giving property to someone

〔财产的〕赠予，让渡，处置


dispute

It is hoped that the dispute can be resolved peacefully.

The US government became involved in a dispute with China.

We don’t want to get into a dispute with them.

He was in dispute with the company about his contract.

(=be involved in one that is difficult to resolve)

Workers and management are locked in a bitter dispute.

Sometimes a dispute arises between the seller and the buyer.

It caused a bitter dispute between the neighbouring republics.

India’s long-running dispute with Pakistan

A lot of working days are lost through industrial disputes.

(=about how much money employees are paid)

There was a long legal dispute between the two companies.

The court heard that he had been stabbed during a domestic dispute.

(=about where the border between two countries is)

a border dispute between Argentina and Chile

The war started as the result of a territorial dispute.

The firm is involved in a legal dispute with a rival company.

这家公司与一家竞争对手公司发生了法律纠纷。

他因出租车费和人发生了争执。

the bitter border dispute between the countries

if something is beyond dispute, everyone agrees that it is true or that it really happened

[It is beyond dispute that](bold) advances in medicine have enabled people to live longer.

医学的发展使人们更加长寿，这是无可置疑的。

if something is open to dispute, it is not completely certain and not everyone agrees about it

His interpretation of the poem is open to dispute.

他对这首诗的诠释有待商榷。

if something is in dispute, people are arguing about it

The facts of the case are still in dispute.


dispute

to say that something such as a fact or idea is not correct or true

The main facts of the book have never been disputed.

书中的主要事实从未遭到质疑。

Few would dispute that travel broadens the mind.

旅行开阔人们的视野，这一点几乎无可争议。

争辩，争论，争执；有分歧

Hazlitt, though much younger, was soon disputing with Wordsworth on equal terms.

哈兹利特虽然年纪要小得多，但他不久就和华兹华斯平等地展开辩论了。

What happened next is [hotly disputed](bold).

关于后来发生了什么，争论很激烈。

to try to get control of something or win something

Soviet forces disputed every inch of ground.


disregard

to ignore something or treat it as unimportant

He ordered the jury to disregard the witness’s last statement.

他指示陪审团忽略证人的最后陈述。


disregard

when someone ignores something that they should not ignore

Local councillors accused the terrorists of [showing](bold) a complete [disregard for](bold) human life.

地方议员谴责恐怖分子全然罔顾人命。

He said the bombing was in complete disregard of the Geneva Convention.

他说此次轰炸完全无视《日内瓦公约》。


disrupt

to prevent something from continuing in its usual way by causing problems

有人谎报有炸弹，造成了交通混乱。

Climate change could disrupt the agricultural economy.

气候变化可能给农业经济带来不良影响。


disruption

a situation in which something is prevented from continuing in its usual way

The strike [caused](bold) widespread [disruption](bold).

罢工造成了大规模的混乱。

There will be some disruption to traffic while the work is in progress.

施工期间交通会受到一定程度的影响。


dissatisfaction

30% of customers [expressed dissatisfaction](bold) with the service.

30%的顾客对服务表示不满意。


dissatisfied

not satisfied because something is not as good as you had expected

If you are dissatisfied with this product, please return it.

如果您对此产品不满意，敬请退货。