busy

[past tense and past participle](italic) [busied](bold) [present participle](italic) [busying](bold) [third person singular](italic) [busies](bold)

He busied himself with answering letters.


but

used when linking two words or phrases that seem opposite or very different in meaning. Don’t use [but](bold) at the beginning of a sentence in written English

The plant’s leaves are big, but its flowers are quite small.

Her books are fascinating but often rather disturbing.

Many French dishes are basically simple, but they can take a long time to prepare.

Most of us value human life, but but some people think of animals as being equally important.

Although you are in the middle of the city, you feel as if you are in the countryside.

The windmill is still in good working order, although it has not been used since the 1950s.

I enjoyed German although I wasn’t very good at it.

Although lack of sleep causes some problems, it has a relatively small effect on performance at work.

used when saying something that seems different or surprising after your previous statement. It is usually used in the middle of a sentence, separated from the rest of the sentence by commas. It can also come at the beginning

Jack and his family managed to escape before the soldiers arrived. Other families in the village, however, were less lucky.

Their economy was incredibly successful in the 1980s. Since then, however, there has been a big rise in unemployment.

The town is a long way from the nearest big city. However, there is a good bus service.

He began his academic career as a mathematician. However, his main achievements were in the field of nuclear physics.

used when saying something that seems different or surprising after your previous statement. It is used at the beginning or end of a sentence

A series of studies 20 years ago suggested that there was a link between watching violent films and violent behaviour. Nevertheless, the results remain highly controversial.

It was certainly a terrible accident. Nevertheless, air travel is still the safest form of transport.

The weather turned bad early in the day, but the festival was a great success nonetheless.

It was very hard digging in the dry ground, but the work was satisfying nevertheless.

used when making comparisons and saying that something is true of one person, thing, or situation, but it is different for another. They are used when contrasting one clause with another in the same sentence

Taxes make up 62% of the price of a litre of petrol in France, whereas in Britain, the tax is 75%.

Some people visit their doctor once every few weeks, while others may not visit a doctor for several years.

Whereas in most of the world they drive on the right, in the UK and Japan they drive on the left.

used when making comparisons and saying that a person, thing, or situation is very different from the one you have just mentioned. It is used when referring back to the previous sentence

The surface temperature on Venus is higher than the boiling point of water. Mars, by contrast, is very cold.

A report by the FBI shows that 26% of female murder victims in 1995 were killed by their husbands or boyfriends. By contrast, only 3% of male victims were killed by their wives or girlfriends.

used to connect two statements or phrases when the second one adds something different or seems surprising after the first one

It’s an old car, but it’s very reliable.

这是一辆旧车，但是性能非常可靠。

They rushed to the hospital, but they were too late.

他们急忙赶到医院，但是已经太迟了。

We’ve invited the boss, but she may decide not to come.

我们邀请过老板，但她有可能决定不来。

价钱很贵却非常有用的一本书

‘Has he got any experience?’ ‘No, but he’s keen to learn.’

“他有经验吗？”“没有，但他非常好学。”

used to introduce a statement that explains why the thing you have mentioned did not happen or is not possible

可是〔用于说明某事没有发生或不可能的原因〕

我很想去，可是我太忙了。

They would have married sooner, but they had to wait for her divorce.

他们是想尽早结婚的，但是得先等她离婚。

used after a negative to emphasize that it is the second part of the sentence that is true

而是〔用于否定分句之后，强调句子第二部分属实〕

He lied to the court not just once, but on several occasions.

他在法庭上撒谎不止一次，而是好几次。

The purpose of the scheme is not to help the employers but to provide work for young people.

这个计划不是为了帮助雇主，而是为了给年轻人提供工作机会。

我们除了坐着等，还能做什么呢？

I had no choice but to accept the challenge.

我别无选择，只有接受挑战。

Not a day goes by but I think of dear old Larry (=I think of him every day).

我没有一天不想念亲爱的老拉里。

used when you are saying that something would have happened if something or someone else had not prevented it

But for these interruptions, the meeting would have finished earlier.

要不是几次被打断，会议早就开完了。

The score could have been higher but for some excellent goalkeeping by Simon.

要不是西蒙几次出色的扑救，比分还会更高。

I might never have got to university but for you.

要是没有你的话，我可能永远也上不了大学。

All was silent but for the sound of the wind in the trees.

万籁俱寂，只有风吹过树林的声响。

used when you are adding a statement that says almost the opposite of what you have just said

John might be ready to help us, but then again, he might not.

约翰可能愿意帮我们，但也可能不愿意。

You feel really sorry for him. But then again, it’s hard to like him.

你很同情他，可是很难喜欢他。

used when you are adding a statement that makes what you have just said seem less surprising

不过〔用于补充，使之前说的话不那么令人震惊〕

Dinah missed the last rehearsal, but then she always was unreliable, wasn’t she?

黛娜上次排练没来，不过，她这人一向靠不住，对吗？

used when you are replying to someone and expressing strong feelings such as anger, surprise etc

〔用于回应语，表示强烈的情感，如愤怒、惊讶等〕

‘They won’t even discuss the problem.’ ‘But how stupid!’

“他们甚至都不会讨论这个问题。”“那真是愚蠢啊！”

used to say that someone has to do something or cannot stop themselves from doing it

某人不得不做某事；某人禁不住要做某事

‘It was a good idea.’ ‘But it didn’t work.’

“这是个好主意。”“可是也没有用呀。”

〔用来加强词语或陈述的语气〕

It’ll be a great party – everyone, but everyone, is coming.

这将是一个大聚会——每个人，对，每个人都会来。

他们很有钱，非常非常有钱。

used to change the subject of a conversation

无论如何，反正，好〔用于改变话题〕

But tell me, are you really planning to retire?

那你告诉我，你真的打算退休吗？

used after expressions such as ‘Excuse me’ and ‘I’m sorry’

Excuse me, but I’m afraid this is a no-smoking area.


but

除了星期四，我哪天都能来。

I could still see nothing but the spirals of desert dust.

除了盘旋扬起的沙尘，我仍然什么也看不见。

He was unable to swallow anything but liquids.

他除了流质什么都咽不下去。

the last or next thing or person except for one, two etc

Pauline and Derek live in the next house but one (=they live two houses away from us).

波莱恩和德里克住的房子和我们一栋之隔。


but

This is but one example of what can happen when things go badly wrong.

倒霉的时候就会发生这样的事，这只不过是其中一例。

It’s going to be difficult. Anyway, we can but try.

这样会很难，但是无论如何，我们只能试试。

We have relationships of many different sorts – with our children, our parents, our boss and our friends, to name but a few.

我们有各式各样的人际关系——和子女的关系、和父母的关系、和老板的关系以及和朋友的关系，不胜枚举。


but

reasons that someone gives for not doing something or agreeing with something

‘I don’t want to hear any buts,’ Jo snapped.

“我不想听什么借口。”乔没好气地说。

He is the best player – [no ifs, ands, or buts](bold) about that.

他是最好的球员——这一点是毫无疑问的。


butcher

someone who owns or works in a shop that sells meat

someone who has killed someone else cruelly and unnecessarily, especially someone who has killed a lot of people


butcher

to kill animals and prepare them to be used as meat

to kill someone cruelly or unnecessarily, especially to kill a lot of people

to spoil something by working carelessly

That hairdresser really butchered my hair!

那名理发师把我的头发弄得一塌糊涂！


butter

Brush the pastry with a little melted butter.

Breakfast was a small roll and a pat of butter.

Add a knob of butter to the meat juices in the pan.

Melt the butter and mix it with the other ingredients.

First soften the butter in a warm place.

a solid yellow food made from milk or cream that you spread on bread or use in cooking

used to say that someone seems to be very kind and sincere but is not really


butterfly

a type of insect that has large wings, often with beautiful colours

to feel very nervous before doing something

〔做事前〕情绪紧张，心里发慌

I always get butterflies before an exam.

a way of swimming by lying on your front and moving your arms together over your head while your legs move up and down

someone who usually moves on quickly from one activity or person to the next

见异思迁的人；无常性的人


buttock

one of the fleshy parts of your body that you sit on


button

[as bright as a button](bold) at → [bright](->bright) sense 8

Small children can't fasten their own buttons.

He quickly did up the buttons on his shirt.

I can't undo the buttons on the back of this dress.

Two of the buttons on the jacket were missing.

It doesn't take a minute to sew on a button.

He was wearing a white shirt with the top button undone.

a small round flat object on your shirt, coat etc that you pass through a hole to fasten it

他的衬衫上掉了一颗纽扣。

She [undid](bold)(=unfastened) the [buttons](bold) of her blouse.

[do up a button](bold) BrE(=fasten a button)

a small part or area of a machine that you press to make it do something

Click on the icon with the right [mouse button](bold).

a small area on a computer screen, especially on a website, that you click  on in order to perform an action

〔计算机屏幕，尤指网页上的〕按钮

a small metal or plastic pin with a message or picture on it

exactly right, or at exactly the right time

She got to our house at two, on the button.

她两点钟准时到了我们家。

to get what you want by behaving in a clever way

She seemed to push all the right buttons.

她好像步步正确，一路顺利。

to make someone angry by doing or saying something that annoys them

He really knows how to push Dad’s buttons.

他可清楚怎么惹爸爸生气。

used to emphasize how easy a machine is to use because it is controlled by pushing a button

只要按一下按钮〔用于强调机器容易操作〕

The instrument can gauge a distance with the push of a button.

这台仪器只要按一下按钮就能测出距离。


button

to fasten clothes with buttons, or to be fastened with buttons

扣上 …的扣子；用纽扣扣住

Sam, make sure Nina buttons up her jacket.

萨姆，要让尼娜把上衣扣好。

([button your lip/mouth!](bold) ([AmE](bold)) )

used to tell someone in a rude way to stop talking


buy

to pay money for something so that you can own it

The painting was bought by a museum in New York.

to buy something, especially something large or expensive, in a business deal or by a legal contract

to become the owner of something large or expensive such as property, a company, or a valuable object

In 2007 the business was acquired by a Dutch company.

Television companies were then allowed to acquire more stations.

to buy something, especially ordinary things such as food, clothes, or things for your house

I never know what to get Dad for his birthday.

to buy something immediately, especially because it is very cheap, or because you want it very much and you are worried that someone else might buy it first

Real estate in the area is being snapped up by developers.

to buy something, especially something ordinary such as food or a newspaper, or something that you have found by chance and are pleased about owning

Could you pick up some milk on your way home?

It’s just a little thing I picked up when I was in Kathmandu.

to buy a lot of something you use regularly, because you may not be able to buy it later, or because you are planning to use more of it than usual

The supermarkets are full of people stocking up for the New Year’s holiday.

We always stock up on cheap wine when we go to France.

Before the blizzard, we stocked up on food.

to buy something you would not usually buy, because it is too expensive, in order to celebrate an event or make yourself feel good

Why don’t you splash out on a new dress for the party?

We splurged on an expensive hotel for the last night of the vacation.

[past tense and past participle](italic) [bought](bold) /bɔːt/ US /bɒːt/

那条连衣裙你在哪儿买的？

Ricky showed her the painting he’d bought that morning.

里基给她看了那天早上他买的画。

The money will be used to buy equipment for the school.

这笔钱将用来给学校购买设备。

It’s cheaper to buy direct from the manufacturer.

直接从厂家那里购买会便宜一些。

丹以2,000美元买下这辆车。

It’s much cheaper to [buy in bulk](bold)(=buy large quantities of something).

if a sum of money buys something, it is enough to pay for it

现在50美元买不了多少东西。

15美元应该够我们买一个比萨饼和一杯饮料。

to deliberately make more time for yourself to do something, for example by delaying a decision

（为某人）争取时间；（为某人）设法拖延

‘Can we talk about it later?’ he said, trying to buy a little more time.

“我们待会儿再谈这事好吗？”他说道，想尽量再拖延一点时间。

to believe something that someone tells you, especially when it is not likely to be true

接受，相信〔尤指不大可能属实的事〕

‘Let’s just say it was an accident.’ ‘[He’ll never buy that](bold).’

“我们就说这是个意外。”“他才不会相信呢。”

to pay money to someone, especially someone in a position of authority, in order to persuade them to do something dishonest

贿赂，收买，买通〔尤指掌权者〕

People say the judge had been bought by the Mafia.

人们都说法官被黑手党收买了。

buy sth at the cost/expense/price of sth

to get something that you want, but only by losing something else

牺牲一事物去换取另一事物

The town has been careful not to buy prosperity at the expense of its character.

这座小镇一直很注意不拿自己的特色为代价来换取繁荣。

if you buy property off-plan, you buy a house, flat etc that is just starting to be built, with an arrangement to pay part of the cost of the property at that time and the balance when the property is finished

以楼花形式购买〔房地产〕


buy

something that is worth buying, because it is cheap, good quality, or likely to gain in value

这葡萄酒6.50美元，买得很合算。

It’s worth shopping around for [the best buy](bold)(=what you want at the lowest price).

应该多看看，找最合算的买。

an act of buying something, especially something illegal


buyer

someone who buys something expensive such as a house or car

〔房屋、汽车等昂贵物品的〕买主，买方，买家

someone whose job is to choose and buy the goods for a shop or company


buzz

to make a continuous sound, like the sound of a bee

Pamela buzzed around checking that everything was ready.

帕梅拉忙得团团转，确保一切准备就绪。

There were all sorts of rumours buzzing through the office.

办公室里流传着各种谣言。

to move around in the air making a continuous sound like a bee

Bees were buzzing around the picnic tables.

蜜蜂在野餐桌旁边嗡嗡地飞来飞去。

if a group of people or a place is buzzing, there is a lot of activity or excitement

〔人群或场所〕闹哄哄，喧闹

a classroom [buzzing with activity](bold)

Kramer buzzed at the security door, and I let him in.

克雷默按响防盗门的门铃，我就开门让他进来了。

to make something happen, for example make a door or gate open or close, by pressing a buzzer

She buzzed them in and greeted them warmly.

她按蜂鸣器开门，热情地迎接他们。

警卫按蜂鸣器开门让我进去。

if your head or mind is buzzing with thoughts, ideas etc, you cannot stop thinking about them

Questions started buzzing round in my head.

问题开始萦绕在我的脑海里。

if your ears or head are buzzing, you can hear a continuous low unpleasant sound

to fly an aircraft low and fast over buildings, people etc

军用喷气机在城市上空低低地掠过。


buzz

a continuous noise like the sound of a bee

a lot of activity, noise, and excitement

a strong feeling of excitement, pleasure, or success, or a similar feeling from drinking alcohol or taking drugs

强烈兴奋[喜悦，成就感]；〔喝酒或吸毒产生的〕快感

Playing well [gives](bold) me [a buzz](bold).

Neil [gets a buzz](bold) from drinking one beer.

尼尔一杯啤酒下肚就兴奋起来了。

unofficial news or information that is spread by people telling each other


by

[By](bold)  is used, especially after passive verbs, to say who or what does something:The article was written by a university professor. She was hit by a truck.

[With](bold)  is used after verbs that describe a state rather than an action: The books were covered with dust. Her house is always filled with music.
Don't say: [covered by dust](strike)  [filled by music](strike)

[By](bold)  is used to say what means or method someone uses to do something: He replied by email.

[With](bold)  is used to say what tool is used to do something: Clean the surface thoroughly with a wire brush.
Don't say: [by a wire brush](strike)

used especially with a passive verb to say who or what does something or makes something happen

被，由〔尤与被动语态动词连用〕

a church designed by the famous architect, Sir Christopher Wren

著名建筑师克里斯托弗·雷恩爵士设计的一座教堂

We are all alarmed by the rise in violent crime.

我们都对暴力罪案的增加感到忧虑。

interference by the state in the affairs of the Church

his appointment by the BBC as a producer

英国广播公司委任他为制片人

有些客户喜欢用支票支付。

She earns her living by selling insurance.

used to say which road, entrance, door etc someone uses to get to a place

经由〔道路、入口、门等〕

It’s quicker to go by the country route.

used to say which part of an object or of a person’s body someone takes hold of

抓着〔物体或身体的部位〕

He took Elaine by the arm and led her across the road.

他挽着伊莱恩的胳膊，领她过马路。

used to give the name of someone who wrote a book, produced a film, wrote a piece of music etc

德沃夏克所作的《新世界交响曲》

查尔斯·狄更斯写的一个短篇小说

简走过去坐在帕特里克身旁。

past someone or something without stopping

He walked right by me without even saying hello.

他径直从我身边走过，连招呼都不打。

I pass by the farm every day on my way to work.

我每天上班都要经过这个农场。

before or not later than a particular time

The documents need to be ready by next Friday.

文件必须在下星期五之前准备好。

I reckon the film should be over by 9.30.

我估计电影9点半应该结束了。

By the end of the day we had sold over 2,000 tickets.

一天下来我们卖出了2,000多张票。

By the time we got home we were tired and hungry.

回到家的时候，我们又累又饿。

according to a particular rule, method, or way of doing things

Profits were £6 million, but by our standards this is low.

利润有600万英镑，但按照我们的标准，这算是少的。

used to say how great a change or difference is

〔用于表示变化或差异的程度〕

The price of oil fell by a further $2 a barrel.

单桶油价又下跌了两美元。

Godard’s first film was better [by far](bold)(=by a large amount or degree).

戈达尔的第一部电影要好得多。

used to give the measurements of a room, container etc

乘〔用于表示房间、容器等的大小〕

一间15米宽、23米长的房间

used to show what unit of measurement or quantity is involved in selling, paying for, producing etc something

按，以〔用于表示量度单位〕

She wanted to tear his hair out by the handful.

她想成把地扯下他的头发。

used to say that something happens gradually

〔用于表示某事渐渐发生〕

Little by little, I was beginning to discover the truth about Garfield.

渐渐地，我对加菲尔德的真实情况开始有所了解。

那些人一个一个走上前来。

used to say that something or someone is quickly becoming worse, better etc

〔用于表示事物或人迅速地变坏、变好等〕

The financial crisis was growing more serious by the hour.

金融危机每时每刻都在加剧。

used to say that something happens in a particular kind of light

We walked through the palace gardens by moonlight.

我们借着月光穿过御花园。

used when you are giving information about someone’s character, job, origin etc

〔用于说明某人的性格、工作、出身等〕

George I and George II were Germans by birth.

乔治一世和乔治二世是德国血统。

Cautious by nature, Simpkin was reluctant to interfere.

辛普金天性谨慎，不愿意出面干预。

罗伯特·基的职业是教师。

in order to visit a person or place for a short time

On the way, I stopped by the post office.

路上我顺便去了一下邮局。

You can’t move the furniture all by yourself.

你一个人是搬不动家具的。

used between two numbers when talking about multiplying or dividing

used when expressing strong feelings or making serious promises

对 …发誓〔表示强烈的情感或庄严的承诺〕

By God, I’ll kill that boy when I see him!

我对上帝发誓，我要是看见那小子，非杀了他不可！

if a woman has children by a particular man, that man is the children’s father

She’s got two children by her previous husband.

used when mentioning something that may be interesting but is not particularly important

By the by, Ian said he might call round tonight.

顺便告诉你，伊恩说他也许今天晚上会过来。


by

As I was standing on the platform, the Liverpool train went whizzing by.

我站在月台上，开往利物浦的火车呼啸而过。

James walked by without even looking in my direction.

詹姆斯走了过去，都没有朝我这边看。

As the summer days slipped by, it was easy to forget about the war.

夏天悄悄过去，战争很快就被人遗忘了。

Ten years had gone by since I had last seen Marilyn.

我已经有十年没有见到玛丽莲了。

A crowd of people were standing by, waiting for an announcement.

一群人站在旁边等待消息公布。

Why don’t you stop by for a drink after work?

下班后过来喝一杯怎么样？

大体上，一般来说，总的说来

By and large, the new arrangements have worked well.

总的来说，新的安排很好。


bye

[bye for now](bold)(=used to say that you will see or speak to someone again soon)


bye

a situation in a sports competition in which a player or a team does not have an opponent to play against and continues to the next part of the competition

轮空〔指体育比赛中因没有对手而直接进入下一轮〕


cab

Here's the phone number if you want to call a cab.

There's no need to give me a lift. I'll phone for a cab.

Martin put his hand out and hailed a cab.

My Dad gave me the money for my cab fare.

It's only a short cab ride to Georgetown.

[call (sb) a cab](bold)(=telephone for a taxi)

Ralph tried to [hail a cab](bold)(=wave to get a cab to stop for you).

拉尔夫招手想叫一辆出租车。

the part of a bus, train, or truck in which the driver sits

〔公共汽车、火车或货车的〕司机室[座]，驾驶室[座]

a carriage pulled by horses that was used like a taxi in the past


cabbage

a large round vegetable with thick green or purple leaves

someone who cannot think, move, speak etc as a result of brain injury


cabin

a small house, especially one built of wood in an area of forest or mountains

〔尤指建于林中或山上的〕小木屋

a small room on a ship in which you live or sleep

an area inside a plane where the passengers sit or where the pilot works

〔飞机上的〕客舱，驾驶舱


cabinet

A cabinet meeting will consider the government's environmental policies.

a cabinet member/a member of the cabinet

Two senior cabinet members have resigned.

Cabinet ministers voted against the proposal.

(=when members of a cabinet are given a different job)

Putin promoted his Defence Minister in a surprising cabinet reshuffle.

She accepted a cabinet post with the new Conservative government.

The prime minister appoints the cabinet.

Ministers remain in office until a new cabinet is formed.

Lee was considered a likely candidate to join the cabinet.

The cabinet will meet again on April 30th.

He was a member of Howard's inner cabinet.

There was a meeting of the full cabinet.

(=the most important members of the opposition party)

He joined the shadow cabinet as transport spokesman.

the politicians with important positions in a government who meet to make decisions or advise the leader of the government

[Shadow Cabinet](bold) at → [shadow](->shadow) 3 sense 2

[Cabinet](bold)  can be followed by a singular or a plural verb: The cabinet [has](bold) been discussing the plans. The cabinet [have](bold) been discussing the plans.

a piece of furniture with doors and shelves or drawers, used for storing or showing things

〔有拉门、搁板或抽屉的〕贮藏柜，陈列柜


cable

Be careful you don't cut through an electric cable.

Telephone cables were damaged in the storm.

Overhead cables can be dangerous for birds.

The electricity will be transmitted by undersea cables.

In the 1860s the first cables were laid under the oceans.

How many miles of cables connect North America to Europe?

a plastic or rubber tube containing wires that carry telephone messages, electronic signals, television pictures etc

a thick strong metal rope used on ships, to support bridges etc

〔船上或支撑桥梁等用的〕钢缆，钢索

a system of broadcasting television by using cables, paid for by the person watching it

I’ll wait for the movie to come out on cable.

我要等有线电视播出这部影片。


cable

我发电报告诉了玛丽这个好消息。


café

The central square was full of outdoor cafés.

(=with tables and chairs on the pavement outside)

We had a lunch at a pavement café in Montmartre.

(=a cheap café beside a main road, mainly for lorry drivers)

Many transport cafés serve great breakfasts.

a small restaurant where you can buy drinks and simple meals

a public place where you can pay to use the Internet and buy drinks etc


cafeteria

ˌkæfəˈtɪəriə

a restaurant, often in a factory, college etc, where you choose from foods that have already been cooked and carry your own food to a table

〔工厂、学校等的〕自助餐厅，食堂

→see THESAURUS at [restaurant](->restaurant)


cage

a structure made of wires or bars in which birds or animals can be kept


cage

to put or keep an animal or bird in a cage


cake

[sell like hot cakes](bold) at → [hot cake](->hot cake) sense 1

We decorated the cake with strawberries and cream.

(=cover a cake with fine sugar mixed with a liquid)

There’s a very good cake shop in the market.

(=a mixture that you buy in a packet and use for making a cake)

If I’m feeling lazy, I sometimes use a cake mix.

Lucy had twelve candles on her birthday cake.

Home-made cakes are much nicer than bought ones.

(=one made from flour, butter, sugar, and eggs)

It’s best to eat sponge cakes on the day you make them.

(=a sponge cake with a chocolate etc flavour)

I’ll get fat if I eat any more cream cakes.

a soft sweet food made by baking a mixture of flour, butter, sugar, and eggs

fish, rice etc that has been formed into a flat round shape and then cooked

鱼肉饼/米饼/马铃薯饼等

‘How do you do that?’ ‘It’s a piece of cake! Watch!’

“你怎么做？”“很简单！看着！”

to be worse than anything else you can imagine

I’ve heard some pretty dumb ideas, but that takes the cake!

我听过一些相当愚蠢的主意，但这一个是最愚蠢的！

(AmE [have your cake and eat it too](bold) )

to have all the advantages of something without its disadvantages

a share of the profit, help etc that is available

〔可以分得的〕好处，利益

Both companies expect to get a big slice of the cake.

两家公司都希望分得一大杯羹。


cake

to be covered with a layer of something soft or wet that becomes thick and hard when it dries

if a substance cakes, it forms a thick hard layer when it dries


calcium

a silver-white metal that helps to form teeth, bones, and chalk. It is a chemical element: symbol Ca

钙〔一种化学元素，符号为Ca〕


calculate

to find out an amount, price, or value by adding numbers together

The students calculated the cost of printing 5000 copies of their book.

to calculate something. [Work out](bold) is less formal than [calculate](bold), and is more common in everyday English

You need to work out how much you will need to borrow.

We still haven't figured out how much it's all going to cost.

the method for figuring welfare payments

to find out the total number of things or people in a group by looking at each one and adding them all together

The teacher counted the children as they got on the bus.

to add a number of things together to get a final number

Once the scores have been totaled, we will announce the winner.

Okay, now let's total up who had the most points.

to say how much something costs, how much of it there is, how serious or effective it is etc

I think it's difficult to quantify the cost at the moment, for a variety of reasons.

How do you quantify the benefits of the treatment?

a reliable method for quantifying the amount of calcium in the blood

to calculate what the value or cost of something is, or decide how good, bad etc something is

The value of the paintings was assessed at $20 million.

We need to have a better way of assessing students' progress.

to guess an amount, price, or number as exactly as you can, based on the knowledge you have

The police department estimates that the number of violent crimes will decrease by 2%.

to say what you think the exact total amount or value of something is, especially when it is a lot

It's hard to put a figure on it, but the final cost is likely to be over £225 million.

The company has refused to put a figure on its losses.

to calculate what an amount will be in the future, using the information you have now

The company projects sales of $4 million this year.

to put two or more numbers together to find the total

to reduce one number by another number. [take sth away](bold) sounds more informal than [subtract](bold)

to add a number to itself a particular number of times

to calculate how many times one number contains another number

to find out how much something will cost, how long something will take etc, by using numbers

These instruments calculate distances precisely.

这些仪器计算距离非常精确。

I’m trying to calculate how much paint we need.

我想算出我们需要多少涂料。

Sally calculated that she’d have about £100 left.

萨莉算了一下，自己还会剩下100英镑左右。

Rates are calculated on an hourly basis.

In everyday English, people usually say that they [work](bold)  something [out](bold)  or, in American English, [figure](bold)  something [out](bold) , rather than [calculate](bold)  it:

We still haven’t [worked out](bold) how much it’s all going to cost.

In more formal English, you say [it is calculated that](bold) : It is calculated that over $16 billion has been spent on the project.

to guess something using as many facts as you can find

Researchers calculated that this group was at a higher risk of heart disease.

研究人员估测这一群体患心脏病的概率更高。

It’s difficult to calculate what effect all these changes will have on the company.

很难估计所有这些变化将会对公司产生怎样的影响。

to be intended to have a particular effect

旨在做某事，用意在于某事

故意要让他难堪的一个问题


calculation

ˌkælkjəˈleɪʃən

ˌkælkjəˈleɪʃən

The children should be able to do that calculation in their heads.

Computers can perform calculations very quickly.

A simple calculation will show that these figures are incorrect.

I made a few rough calculations of how much it would cost.

Your report must be supported by detailed calculations.

Computers can be used to handle complex calculations.

sb's calculations are right/correct/accurate

Fortunately his calculations were accurate.

when you use numbers in order to find out an amount, price, or value

Dee looked at the bill and made some rapid calculations.

迪看着账单，很快地算了算。

By some calculations, the population will reach eight million soon.

据一些人估算，人口很快将达到八百万。

careful planning in order to get what you want, especially without caring about the effects on other people

when you think carefully about what the probable results will be if you do something


calculator

The children are taught to use calculators from a young age.

Work it out on a calculator if you can't do it in your head.

Candidates may use electronic calculators in the exam.

I took out my pocket calculator and added up the figures.

(=a small one that you hold in your hand)

The calculations can be done using a hand-held calculator.

a small electronic machine that can add, multiply etc


calendar

a set of pages that show the days, weeks, and months of a particular year, that you usually hang on a wall

a book with separate spaces or pages for each day of the year, on which you write down the things you have to do

all the things you plan to do in the next days, months etc

an event that deserves a place on your calendar

a system that divides and measures time in a particular way, usually starting from a particular event

[the Roman/Islamic/Gregorian etc calendar](bold)

all the events in a year that are important for a particular organization or activity

〔某个团体或某项活动一年内的〕重大事件日程表

The Derby is a major event in the racing calendar.

德比马赛是马赛日程表上的一项重大赛事。


calf

[kill the fatted calf](bold) at → [kill](->kill) 1 sense 15

[plural](italic) calves /kɑːvz/ US /kævz/

the part of the back of your leg between your knee and your ankle

the baby of a cow, or of some other large animals, such as an elephant

小牛，牛犊；〔象等某些大型动物的〕崽，幼兽

if a cow is in or with calf, it is going to have a baby


call

call back
call by
call down
call for
call forth
call in
call off
call on/upon
call out
call up

→ [so-called](->so-called) [call sb’s bluff](bold) at → [bluff](->bluff) 2 sense 2 [too close to call](bold) at → [close](->close) 2 sense 8

Demonstrators have called for an end to the fighting.

Opposition parties called for the president’s resignation.

The European Parliament have called for action on age discrimination.

French farmers have called for a ban on imports.

In 1980 he called for a boycott of the Olympic Games.

Scientists are calling for a change in the law.

Relatives have called for an inquiry into the causes of the plane crash.

The prime minister called for a return to traditional Labour values.

The Church has called for reform of the law.

Human Rights groups have called for the abolition of the death penalty.

The United Nations called for an immediate ceasefire.

She calls her father every couple of days.

她隔几天就给她爸爸打个电话。

托尼是什么时候来电话的？

[call a doctor/the police/a cab etc](bold)(=telephone someone and ask them to come to you)

我觉得我们应该打电话叫医生来。

You [call](bold)  someone on the phone: Call me tomorrow.
Don’t say: [Call to me tomorrow.](strike)

If you [call to ](bold)  someone, you shout at them to get their attention: He called to the driver to stop.

to use a word or name to describe someone or something in a particular way

You may call it harmless fun, but I call it pornography.

你可能会说这是无恶意的小玩笑，但是我却认为这是色情。

[call sb names](bold)(=use insulting names for someone)

The other kids used to call me names, but I tried to ignore them.

别的小孩过去常常辱骂我，但我尽量不去理睬他们。

to have a particular name or title, or use a particular name or title for someone or something

The arrow that appears on the screen is called a cursor.

屏幕上出现的箭头叫光标。

My name’s Virginia, but my friends call me Ginny.

我的名字叫弗吉尼娅，但朋友们都叫我金尼。

你愿意被称为小姐还是女士？

I prefer to be called by my middle name.

我更喜欢别人叫我的中间名。

to give someone or something the name they will be known by in the future

What are you going to call the new puppy?

你们打算给这只刚出生的小狗起个什么名字？

They’ve decided to call the baby Louise.

他们决定给宝宝取名为路易斯。

Peter called the waitress over and ordered a large brandy.

彼得把女服务员叫过来，要了一大杯白兰地。

Marcie was called up to the principal’s office.

马西被叫到校长办公室去了。

to arrange for something to happen at a particular time

[call a meeting/strike/election etc](bold)

The Security Council has called an emergency session to discuss the crisis.

安理会已经召集紧急会议讨论这场危机。

According to the law, the election must be called within the next two months.

根据法律规定，选举必须在此后两个月内举行。

to say or shout something loudly so that someone can hear you

I heard someone calling in the distance.

‘I’m coming!’ she called down the stairs.

“来啦！”她朝楼下喊道。

Sheila was just sneaking out when her mother called her.

希拉正要溜出去，这时她妈妈叫她了。

She heard him [call](bold) her [name](bold).

to say that you are a particular type of person, although you do nothing to show this is true

自称为 …，把自己说成是 …

How could Julian call himself a friend and then let me down so badly?

朱利安怎么能自称是我的朋友，又这么让我失望呢？

to be in a position of authority so that you can give orders and make decisions

It was a job in which she was able to call the shots.

这是一份她可以说了算的工作。

to decide to stop working, especially because you have done enough or you are tired

结束一天的工作，到此为止

Come on, let’s call it a day and go home.

好了，今天我们就到此为止，回家吧。

to make a telephone call that is paid for by the person who receives it

to read names or numbers in a loud voice in order to get someone’s attention

When I call your name, go and stand in line.

我点到谁的名字，谁就去站到队伍中。

to tell someone that they must answer questions in a law court or in front of an official committee

The prosecution called its next witness.

They were called to give evidence at the trial.

[Call](bold)  is often passive in this meaning.

to make people uncertain about whether something is right, good, or true

I feel that my competence is being called into question here.

我觉得我的能力此刻受到了怀疑。

to feel strongly that you should do something

He felt called to write to all his fellow investors, warning them of the impending crisis.

他感到有责任写信给所有和他一起投资的人，提醒他们危机即将来临。

to tell people to obey the rules of a formal meeting

命令某人/某事物遵守会议规程

(also: [call round](bold) ([BrE](bold)) )

to stop at a house or other place for a short time to see someone or do something

我们回家时顺道去看看詹姆斯吧。

I regularly called in at his office for news.

我经常去他的办公室走走，看看有没有什么新闻。

People often call into the library while they’re out shopping.

人们外出购物时常常会去图书馆逛逛。

used to suggest a general figure rather than a more specific one, especially in order to make things simpler

就算作10英镑/两小时等

“我欠你10英镑20便士。”“哎呀，就算10英镑吧！”

if two opponents in a game call it a draw, they agree that neither of them has won

[call it quits](bold) at → [quits](->quits) sense 2

use this to say that someone who owes you something does not have to give you anything more than they have already given you

to ask people to pay attention to a particular subject or problem

May I call your attention to item seven on the agenda?

请大家注意议程上的第七项。

to make someone notice someone or something

I wanted to shout out to Ken, but I didn’t want to call attention to myself.

我本想大声叫肯，但又不想引起别人对我的注意。

Don’t those two call to mind the days when we were courting?

难道他们俩没让你想起我们谈恋爱的时候吗？

I couldn’t call to mind where I’d seen him before.

我想不起来以前在哪里见过他。

to make people come together to talk about something

to say that it is time for something to finish or stop

if a train, ship, bus etc calls at a place, it stops there for a short time

〔火车、船、公共汽车等〕短暂停留

This train calls at all stations to Broxbourne.

本次列车开往布罗克斯本，沿途各站都停。

to guess which side of a coin will land upwards when it is thrown in the air, in order to decide who will play first in a game

〔为决定先后次序〕猜硬币正反面，猜测是〔正面或反面〕

轮到你来猜硬币正反面了。

to risk the same amount of money as the player who plays before you in a poker game


call

[be at sb’s beck and call](bold) at → [beck](->beck) sense 1 → [port of call](->port of call) → [roll-call](->roll-call) → [wake-up call](->wake-up call)

At 11 in the evening we got a call from the police.

We’re sorry that we cannot answer your call right now.

(=call someone after they have tried to call you)

I left a message for her but she didn’t return my call.

(=connect one to another person’s phone)

The call was transferred to his secretary.

She asked the switchboard to put the call through.

I had a phone call from Barbara in Australia.

This is just a quick call to make sure you’re OK.

(=one paid for by the person who receives it)

Can I make a collect call to Florida, please?

You have to dial 9 first to make an outgoing call.

(=to the police, fire service, or ambulance service)

The police normally respond immediately to an emergency call.

They received a hoax call warning of a bomb in the building.

(=in which the caller does not give their name)

The £10,000 demand was made in an anonymous call to his home.

(=made by someone you do not know, as a joke or to annoy you)

The heavy breathing sounded like a crank call.

when you speak to someone on the telephone

Were there any phone calls for me while I was out?

我不在时有人给我来过电话吗？

I received a call from an old friend last week.

上个星期我接到一位老朋友打来的电话。

下午6点以后打电话便宜些。

if someone such as a doctor or engineer is on call, they are ready to go and help whenever they are needed as part of their job

〔医生、工程师等〕待命，随叫随到

Don’t worry, there’s a doctor on call 24 hours a day.

别担心，全天24小时都有一位医生值班。

a loud sound that a bird or animal makes

a shout that you make to get someone’s attention

〔引起他人注意的〕呼喊声

a visit, especially for a particular reason

〔尤指有原因的〕短暂拜访

Sorry, Doctor Pugh is out on a call at the moment.

对不起，皮尤医生现在出诊去了。

[pay/make a call (on sb)](bold)(=visit someone)

a request or order for something or for someone to do something

Members obediently answered the calls for funds.

会员都顺从地响应了募集资金的号召。

There have been calls for the secretary to resign.

已经有呼声要求部长辞职。

[a call to arms](bold)(=an order for people to fight against an enemy)

the decision made by a referee in a sports game

〔体育比赛中裁判员的〕判罚，裁决

There may have been a few bad calls, but they’re making them for a reason.

可能有些判罚失当，但他们那样做是有原因的。

Don’t just say what you think I would like. [It’s your call](bold).

不要只说你认为我喜欢听的话，现在是你作决定。

[an easy/hard call](bold)(=an easy or difficult decision)

[judgment call](bold)(=a decision based on your personal judgment of a situation)

used for saying that not many people want a particular thing

对某物没有需求，没有多少人需要某物

There isn’t much call for black and white televisions these days.

如今黑白电视机的需求量不大。

used to tell someone that their behaviour is wrong and unnecessary

没有理由做某事，没必要做某事

There’s no call for that kind of language!

a message announced at an airport that a particular plane will soon leave

This is the last call for flight BA872 to Moscow.

这是飞往莫斯科的BA872航班最后一次登机广播。

to have the right to be the first person to use something

to be the first person that you will help because they are important to you

处于优先受益于某事物的地位

Her children had first call on her time.

她把时间优先用在她的孩子身上。

the power that a place or way of life has to attract someone

a need to urinatepass liquid from your body – used especially humorously


call centre

([BrE](special)) AmE call center  [n](bold) <[C](bold)>

an office where people answer customers’ questions, make sales etc by using the telephone rather than by meeting people

电话客服中心，呼叫中心〔回答客户问题、销售商品等〕


calm

not getting angry, nervous, or upset, even in a difficult situation

We’ll talk about this later when you’re feeling calmer.

Everyone praised Douglas for the calm way in which he handled the situation.

not worried about anything, especially so that people feel comfortable

Looking relaxed and confident, the president answered questions from the press.

very relaxed and not worried – used especially by young people

I’m much more chilled-out about the whole thing this year.

someone who is laid-back is always relaxed and never seems to get worried or annoyed about anything

My parents are pretty laid-back and don’t mind me staying out late.

relaxed, friendly, and happy, especially after drinking alcohol

After a few drinks, everyone was pretty mellow.

staying calm and not showing your emotions, especially when other people are getting excited or angry

He is the kind of player who always manages to stay cool, even under pressure.

to manage to stay calm and behave in a sensible way in a difficult or frightening situation

In this job you need to be good at keeping your head in a crisis.

[comparative](italic) [calmer](bold) [superlative](italic) [calmest](bold)

relaxed and quiet, not angry, nervous, or upset

镇静的，沉着的；心平气和的

Glen was calm and composed at the funeral.

格伦在葬礼上表现得平静而镇定。

I tried to stay calm and just ignore him.

我尽量保持镇定，不去理睬他。

if a place, period of time, or situation is calm, there is less activity, trouble etc than there sometimes is, or than there has been recently

The financial markets are calm at the moment.

The streets are calm again after last night’s disturbances.

昨晚的骚乱过后，街道又恢复了平静。

a sea, lake etc that is calm is smooth or has only gentle waves

〔海洋、湖泊等〕平静的，风平浪静的


calm

a situation or time that is quiet and peaceful

They remained on the terrace after dinner, enjoying the calm of the evening.

晚餐后他们仍然留在平台上，享受着夜晚的宁静。

A scream shattered the late afternoon calm.

一声尖叫打破了傍晚的宁静。

Hindu leaders [appealed for calm](bold)(=asked that the public stay calm) after a temple was burnt to the ground.

一座寺庙被焚毁后，印度教领袖呼吁大家保持冷静。

The presence of soldiers helped [restore calm](bold).

军队的出动使局面恢复了平静。

The last five years have seen a period of [relative calm](bold).

过去的五年是一段相对平静的时期。

a calm peaceful situation that will not continue because a big argument, problem etc is coming

暴风雨前的平静〔指激烈争论、严重问题等出现前短暂的平静局面〕


calm

also: [calm down](bold)  [v](bold) <[I,T](bold)>

to become quiet and relaxed after you have been angry, excited, nervous, or upset, or to make someone become quiet and relaxed

He tried to calm the frightened children.

他试图让受惊的孩子们平静下来。

冷静点，告诉我发生了什么事。

We tried to [calm](bold) people’s [fears](bold).

我们试图安抚人们的恐惧心理。

She lit a cigarette to calm herself down.

她点了支烟，使自己平静下来。

if a situation calms down, it becomes easier to deal with because there are fewer problems and it is not as busy as it was before

（使）恢复平静，（使）恢复正常

It took months for [things](bold) to [calm down](bold) after we had the baby.

我们有了宝宝后过了好几个月，家里的一切才恢复正常。


calorie

[caloric](bold) /kəˈlɒrɪk, ˈkælərɪk/ US /kəˈlɔːrɪk/  adj.

These yoghurts have approximately 90 calories per pot.

(=control your weight by eating fewer calories)

Women tend to count calories more than men.

Even walking will help you to burn up calories.

She's on a low-calorie diet at the moment.

Sweets and chocolates are very high in calories.

Americans get 22% of their daily calories from snacks.

(=that do not contain anything good for your body)

Sugary drinks are full of empty calories.

There are several ways you can reduce your calorie intake.

Pizzas have a very high calorie content.

a unit for measuring the amount of energy that food will produce

卡（路里）〔食物的热量单位〕

一个马铃薯大约有90卡路里的热量。

I need to [burn off](bold) a few [calories](bold)(=lose some weight by exercising).

My wife convinced me to finally start [counting calories](bold)(=control my weight by being careful about what I eat).

我妻子终于说服我开始计算卡路里以控制体重。

the amount of heat that is needed to raise the temperature of one gram of water by one degree Celsius. It is used as a unit for measuring energy.

卡（路里）〔热量单位，即将一克水的温度提升一摄氏度所需要的热量〕


camel

a large desert animal with a long neck and either one or two humpslarge raised parts on its back


camera

A group of Japanese tourists were pointing their cameras at the cathedral.

(=point it very exactly at someone or something)

The TV cameras were focused on his face.

(=sit or stand in a position in order to be photographed)

(=be photographed, especially doing something wrong)

The boys were caught on camera leaving the station.

I had loaded my camera with a black and white film.

The team set up their cameras some distance from the animals.

(=in a building or public place, for security)

Cameras have been installed on almost every street corner.

(=an electronic camera that does not use film)

The magazine has a review of the best digital cameras.

(=a small, simple camera that uses film)

There are some very good compact cameras around.

They hired a video camera to use at their wedding.

He never felt comfortable in front of television cameras.

(=a camera that takes photographs of people in buildings or public places)

He was seen on a car park security camera.

A high quality camera lens is the key to taking good photographs.

Camera equipment worth £3000 was stolen in the robbery.

A camera case is essential for protecting your camera.

(=the people who work the cameras that make a film or programme)

We can provide a professional camera crew for any type of production.

a piece of equipment used to take photographs or make films or television programmes

[on/off camera](bold)(=while a camera is recording or not recording)

The crime was [caught on camera](bold) by police.

犯罪过程被警方用摄像机拍了下来。

a law case that is held in camera takes place secretly or privately

〔诉讼案〕不公开地，秘密地，私下地


camp

We made camp in a clearing in the woods.

(=put up your tents and arrange the camping place)

The soldiers set up camp outside the city.

(=take down your tents ready to move to a new place)

In the morning it was time to break camp.

a place where people stay in tents, shelters etc for a short time, usually in the mountains, a forest etc

Let’s go back to camp – it’s getting dark.

我们回营地吧，天快黑了。

The soldiers [broke camp](bold)(=took down their tents etc) and left before dawn.

士兵们在黎明前拔营出发了。

[pitch/make camp](bold)(=set up a tent or shelter)

It was dark by the time we pitched camp.

等我们扎好营，天已黑了。

We [set up camp](bold)(=made the camping place ready) at nearby Icicle Lake.

我们在附近的冰柱湖边建了营地。

The expedition’s [base camp](bold)(=main camp) was 6,000 feet below the summit.

探险队的大本营在山峰下面6,000英尺处。

[mining/logging etc camp](bold)(=a camp where people stay when they are doing these kinds of jobs)

a place where people are kept for a particular reason, when they do not want to be there

战俘营/劳动营/拘留营等

a [refugee camp](bold) just across the border

→ [concentration camp](->concentration camp)

a place where young people go to take part in activities, and where they usually stay for several days or weeks

〔青少年的〕活动营地，度假营地

The camp offers hiking, fishing, canoeing, and boating.

营地里有远足、钓鱼、划艇和划船活动。

Two years ago, she started a [summer camp](bold) for girls aged eight and older.

两年前她开办了一个以8岁及以上女孩为对象的夏令营。

[tennis/football etc camp](bold)(=a camp where you can do one particular activity)

→ [day camp](->day camp) → [holiday camp](->holiday camp)

a group of people or organizations who have the same ideas or principles, especially in politics

〔尤指政治上的〕阵营，派别，集团

the extreme right-wing camp of the party

At least Lynne is definitely [in your camp](bold)(=supports you rather than someone else, and agrees with your ideas).

至少琳内绝对属于你的阵营。

[have a foot in both camps](bold) at → [foot](->foot) 1 sense 21

a permanent place where soldiers live or train

多尼驻扎在彭德尔顿兵营。


camp

to set up a tent or shelter and stay there for a short time

We’ll camp by the river for the night, and move on tomorrow.

我们今晚在河边露营，明天继续前进。

camping gear such as a sleeping bag, tent, and backpack

像睡袋、帐篷和背包一类的露营用具

to visit an area, especially the mountains or a forest, and stay in a tent

〔尤指到山上或森林里〕去露营

We went camping in the San Bernardino Mountains.

我们去了圣贝纳迪诺山区露营。


camp

a man who is camp moves or speaks in the way that people used to think was typical of homosexuals

clothes, decorations etc that are camp are very strange, bright, or unusual

〔衣服、装饰等〕稀奇古怪的


campaign

They have launched a campaign to end world poverty.

The government is leading a ‘walk to school’ campaign.

(=lead it – used especially in news reports)

The campaign was spearheaded by the Students’ Union.

The walk was part of a national campaign to raise £900,000.

The store ran a television advertising campaign just before Christmas.

The interview was the start of a publicity campaign for his new book.

He was a candidate in the 2008 election campaign.

She was involved in many political campaigns.

The government spent thousands of pounds on a media campaign.

The church is launching a £50,000 fundraising campaign for the renovation work.

an anti-smoking/anti-bullying etc campaign

How effective has the anti-smoking campaign been?

(=in which unpleasant or untrue stories are spread about an important person)

He claims he was the victim of a smear campaign.

Her father fought a long campaign for an investigation to be held.

The Conservatives failed to mount an effective campaign.

The car was the subject of a strong advertising campaign.

His wife waged a determined campaign for his release.

(=very unpleasant and designed to attack someone)

The state had conducted a vicious campaign of misinformation and propaganda.

There was a concerted campaign to attract more women into the armed forces.

(=organized secretly to make political events happen in the way you want)

This resulted in an orchestrated campaign of civil disorder.

The organization has mounted a sustained campaign against the killing of endangered species.

He was found guilty of using campaign funds illegally.

She’s a campaign manager for Amnesty International.

(=the places someone visits as part of their election campaign)

Iowa was the first stop on the presidential campaign trail.

a series of actions intended to achieve a particular result relating to politics or business, or a social improvement

〔为取得某种政治、商业或社会目的而进行的〕运动；（宣传）活动

Police have launched a campaign to crack down on drug dealers.

警方发起了一场严厉打击毒贩的运动。

a series of battles, attacks etc intended to achieve a particular result in a war


campaign

to lead or take part in a series of actions intended to achieve a particular social or political result

发起运动，参加活动〔旨在达到某种社会或政治目的〕

a group campaigning against the destruction of the rain forests

发起运动反对破坏热带雨林的团体


campaigner

someone who leads or takes part in actions which are intended to achieve a particular social or political result

〔社会或政治〕运动人士，运动领导者[参加者]


camping

the holiday activity of living in a tent:

The shop sells camping equipment such as sleeping bags and backpacks.

这家店出售露营装备，比如睡袋和背包。


campsite

an area where people can camp, often with a water supply and toilets

〔有供水设备和厕所的〕（野）营地

a place, usually within a campground, where one person or group can camp

〔野营地内可供一人或一群人使用的〕扎营地，营位


campus

the land and buildings of a university or college, including the buildings where students live

Most first-year students live on campus.

大部分一年级学生都住在校园里。

the land and buildings belonging to a large company

〔包括土地和建筑物在内并属于大公司的〕园区

位于西雅图市外的微软公司园区


can

Like other modal verbs, you use [can](bold)  before the base form of the main verb (= the infinitive without ‘to’) : We can hear the birds singing. You can go home now. Sharks can be dangerous.
Don’t say: [We can to go home.](strike)  [We can going home.](strike)

The past tense of [can](bold)  is [could](bold) : We could hear the birds singing. The teacher said we could go home.

You also use [was/were able to](bold)  when talking about the ability to do something in the past, especially something that was difficult: He was able to walk a few steps.

In questions you say [Can I/he/she etc](bold) : Can we go home?

In negatives you say [can’t ](bold) (spoken) or [cannot](bold)  (written): I can’t hear you! He cannot leave prison.

You also use [is/are unable to](bold)  when saying that someone does not have the ability to do something: He is unable to walk.

to have the ability, opportunity, time, or equipment that you need in order to do something. [Could](bold) is used as the past form, and is also used to say what is or may be possible

‘I don’t think Mike can drive.’ ‘Yes, he can.’

This program can translate your e-mail into other languages.

How many hamburgers do you think you can eat?

If we had a boat we could row across to the island.

Why didn’t they ask me? I could have done it for them for half the price.

used when talking about ability or success in the past or ability in the future, or when you need to use an . It is also used instead of [can](bold) in more formal English

Will you be able to carry those bags on your own?

If you want to join the expedition, you must be able to speak Spanish.

to have the ability, energy, or qualities needed to do something, especially something very difficult or unusual – use this about people or machines

She’s perfectly capable completely capable of dealing with the situation.

The car is capable of a top speed of 200 mph.

No one thought he was capable of murder.

to be able to do something, especially something that is unusual or that most people cannot do

She seemed to have the ability to make people do anything she wanted.

I believe the team definitely has the ability to win the championship.

to be able to do something because you have enough knowledge, power, money, or equipment to do it

We will have to run more tests before we are in a position to say whether the document is authentic or not.

They expect be in a position to begin construction within two years.

to succeed in doing something difficult, especially after trying very hard

He finally managed to find an apartment near his office.

At least three of the hostages managed to escape.

to be unable to do something because you do not have the ability, opportunity, time, or equipment that you need. [Couldn’t/could not](bold) is used as the past form

Louise can’t see anything without her glasses.

He couldn’t remember where he had left the car.

‘Will you help me move this?’ ‘I’m sorry, I can’t – my back’s still giving me trouble.’

I couldn’t have done it without your help.

I could never have climbed that ridge – I’m too out of shape.

Scientists still cannot explain exactly how the virus reproduces.

Sarah could not understand why anyone would want to hurt her.

used when talking about inability in the past or the future, when you need to use an , and in more formal English

Unfortunately, I wasn’t able to help them.

I don’t think I’ll be able to come to the meeting after all.

The doctor told Tina she wouldn’t be able to have children.

I’ve looked all over the house but I haven’t been able to find my keys anywhere.

to not be able to do something, especially something important that you want to do or need to do

He was unable to sleep and lay awake all night.

Many passengers were unable to reach the lifeboats in time.

to not be able to do something because you do not have enough knowledge, power, money, or equipment to do it

I’m afraid I’m not in a position to answer your questions.

Having committed military force there, America is in no position to repeat this strategy elsewhere.

to not have the physical strength or mental ability to do something – often used when criticizing someone

My son seems to be incapable of keeping a job.

She’s not capable of looking after herself anymore.

Her father was a man who was utterly incapable of pity or sympathy.

[modal verb](bold) negative short form: can’t

to be able to do something or to know how to do something

Even a small personal computer can store vast amounts of information.

即使是一台小型个人电脑，也能储存大量的信息。

加布里埃拉能讲一口流利的法语。

I’m afraid Mr Harding can’t see you now – he’s busy.

抱歉，哈丁先生此刻不能见你，他正在忙。

The police are doing all they can to find her.

警方正在尽一切所能寻找她。

used to ask someone to do something or give you something

可以 …吗？能 …吗？〔用于请求某人做某事或给你某物〕

你能帮我抬一下这个箱子吗？

to be allowed to do something or to have the right or power to do something

You can’t park here – it’s a no parking zone.

你不能在这里停车——这是非停车区。

“我们现在可以回家了吗？”“不，不可以。”

A police officer can insist on seeing a driver’s license.

警察可以要求查看司机的驾驶执照。

There can be no doubt that he is guilty.

他有罪这一点是毋庸置疑的。

Can he still be alive after all this time?

过了这么长时间，他还可能活着吗？

used with the verbs ‘see’, ‘hear’, ‘feel’, ‘taste’, and ‘smell’, and with verbs connected with thinking, to mean that someone sees something, hears something etc

〔与表示感官的动词如see, hear, feel, taste, smell以及与思维有关的动词连用，表示看到、听到等〕

他们来了——我看到他们的汽车了。

你闻到什么东西烧焦了吗？

我不明白你为何这么沮丧。

He can’t remember where he put the tickets.

他记不起把票放在哪儿了。

used to say that you do not believe that something is true

〔表示不相信某事是真实的〕

It can’t be easy caring for someone else’s children.

照顾别人的孩子可不是件容易的事。

used to say that someone should not or must not do something

〔表示某人不该或不可以做某事〕

You can’t expect the world to change overnight.

你不能指望世界一夜之间就变样。

Jill’s left her husband, but can you blame her after the way he treated her?

吉尔离开了她丈夫，但是他那样待她，你能责怪她吗？

难道会；怎么可以〔表示惊讶或气愤〕

They can’t have arrived already, surely!

他们不可能已经到了，绝对不可能！

used to say what sometimes happens or how someone sometimes behaves

有时可能会〔用于表示偶尔的可能性〕

used to tell someone in an angry way to do something

And you can stop that quarrelling, the pair of you.

If you won’t keep quiet, you can get out.

如果你不能安静下来，就给我出去。

used to say that it is impossible for you to do what someone has asked you to do

不可以，不行〔表示自己不可能做对方要求做的事〕


can

[carry the can](bold) at → [carry](->carry) 1 sense 26

a metal container in which food or drink is preserved without air

〔装食品或饮料的〕金属罐

All we’ve got is a couple of cans of soup.

我们只剩下几听罐头汤了。

a special metal container that keeps the liquid inside it under pressure. The liquid is released as a spray when you press the button

a metal container with a lid that can be removed, used for holding liquid

Two large cans of paint ought to be enough.

a very complicated situation that causes a lot of problems when you start to deal with it

极为棘手[困难，麻烦]的局面

I just don’t know what to do – every solution I can think of would just [open](bold) up a whole new [can of worms](bold).

我都不知道该怎么办了——我能想到的每一个办法都会引出许多新的问题。

a film that is in the can is complete and ready to be shown

〔影片〕拍摄完毕可放映的，杀青的


can

[past tense and past participle](italic) [canned](bold) [present participle](italic) [canning](bold)

to preserve food by putting it into a metal container from which all the air is removed

used to tell someone to stop talking or making a noise


canal

a long passage dug into the ground and filled with water, either for boats to travel along, or to take water to a place

We walked along by the side of the canal.

The goods were transported by canal to London.


cancel

to decide that something that was officially planned will not happen

The teacher was ill so classes were cancelled for the day.

I was feeling better so I cancelled my doctor’s appointment.

They were forced to cancel the concert when the conductor became ill.

to cancel a meeting, game, or event that you have organized. [Call off](bold) is less formal than [cancel](bold) and is very commonly used in everyday English

The game was called off due to heavy rain.

if an event or activity is off, it has been cancelled because of a sudden problem or change in someone’s plans

I’m afraid the party’s off. Nick won’t let us use his apartment.

Myers called me yesterday to tell me that the deal was off.

to decide to do something at a later time, instead of the time that was officially planned

The show has been postponed until next Saturday.

to decide not to continue with a plan, project etc although it may be considered again at some time in the future

Plans for a new stadium have been shelved for now.

The project had to be put on ice due to lack of funding.

Blears called for the discussions to be put on ice until after the elections.

to officially decide that a marriage, result, or agreement has no legal authority and is therefore cancelled

The election results were annulled by the courts.

A marriage can be annulled if there has been lack of consent.

[past tense and past participle](italic) [cancelled](bold) [present participle](italic) [cancelling](bold) ([BrE](bold)) [past tense and past participle](italic) [canceled](bold) [present participle](italic) [canceling](bold) ([AmE](bold))

I’m afraid I’ll have to cancel our meeting tomorrow.

恐怕我得取消我们明天的会议。

You’ll just have to ring John and cancel.

你只能打电话给约翰取消了。

In everyday English, people often say [call ](bold) something [off ](bold) rather than [cancel](bold)  something:

[We’ll just have to [cancel](bold).](strike)

to end an agreement or arrangement that you have with someone

I phoned the hotel to cancel my reservation.

我打电话给酒店取消了预订。

The bank agreed to cancel all the company’s debts.

银行同意免除这家公司的所有债务。

to say officially that a document can no longer be used or no longer has any legal effect

我打电话给银行，注销了这张支票。


cancellation

ˌkænsəˈleɪʃən

ˌkænsəˈleɪʃən

a decision that an event that was planned will not happen

Rail passengers are fed up with cancellations and delays.

火车乘客厌烦取消班次和误点的问题。

Bad weather led to the cancellation of the game.

天气不好导致比赛取消了。

a decision to end an agreement or arrangement that you have with someone

〔协议或安排的〕取消，撤销

The hotel is fully booked, but we will let you know if there are any cancellations.

宾馆已经订满，但如果有人取消，我们会通知你的。


cancer

[cancerous](bold) adj. eg: a cancerous growth eg: cancerous cells

a very serious disease in which cells in one part of the body start to grow in a way that is not normal

A lot of cancers can now be treated successfully.

She was told last year that she [had cancer](bold).

去年她得知自己患了癌症。

a new treatment which effectively kills [cancer cells](bold)

一种能有效杀死癌细胞的新疗法

an evil influence that affects a lot of people and is difficult to stop

Drug abuse is the cancer of our society.


candid

telling the truth, even when the truth may be unpleasant or embarrassing

坦诚的，率直的，直言不讳的

She was quite candid about the difficulties the government is having.

她对政府面临的困难直言不讳。

It struck me as an unusually candid confession for a politician.

我觉得这么承认对于一个政治人物来说是非同一般的坦诚了。


candidate

a Republican/Democratic/Labour etc candidate

This part of Florida usually supports Republican candidates.

What is the system for selecting presidential candidates?

O'Connor was the parliamentary candidate for the Liberal Democrats.

(=someone who you might give a job or position to)

There were two women who were possible candidates.

(=someone who might apply for a job or position)

Prospective candidates must be educated to degree level.

The successful candidate will be innovative and self-motivated.

(=compete for a position in an election)

Lee stated that he did not intend to stand as a candidate in the presidential elections.

He allowed his name to be put forward as a candidate for governor.

(=have one of your party's members competing for election)

The Green Party decided not to field a candidate in Darlington.

The White House declined to endorse the Republican candidate.

someone who is being considered for a job or is competing in an election

There are only three candidates for the job.

这份工作只有三个人申请。

应试者，考生，参加考试的人

Candidates are not allowed to use a calculator in this exam.

这次考试的应试者不可以使用计算器。

someone or something that is likely to experience or get something

有望体验[得到] …的人[物]

The school is an obvious candidate for extra funding.

这所学校显然会得到额外的经费。

The novel must be a [prime candidate](bold) for the award.

这部小说肯定是获奖的大热门。


candle

[burn the candle at both ends](bold) at → [burn](->burn) 1 sense 19

Can you blow out all the candles on your birthday cake?

The house was dark except for one candle burning in a window.

As the door opened, the candles flickered unsteadily.

A sudden draught made the candles go out.

A procession moved through the village carrying lighted candles.

The church was full of flickering white candles.

a stick of wax with a string through the middle, which you burn to give light

if something or someone cannot hold a candle to something or someone else, they are not as good as the other thing or person

远逊于某人/某物，简直不能与某人/某物相比

No other singer can hold a candle to her.

其他歌手没有一个能比得上她。


candy

a sweet food made from sugar or chocolate

something that is entertaining or pleasant to look at, but which you do not approve of because you think it is not serious

中看不中用的东西，好玩但无关紧要的事物

大多数电子游戏都只是打发时间的玩意儿。


cane

thin pieces of the stems of plants, used for making furniture and baskets

〔用来制作家具、篮子的〕藤条

a long thin stick made from the stem of a plant, used for supporting other plants in a garden

〔用来支撑花木的〕竹茎，竹料

a long thin stick with a curved handle that you can use to help you walk

a stick that was used in the past by teachers to hit children with as a punishment

〔旧时老师用来惩治学生的〕藤条，藤杖

Children knew that if they misbehaved they would [get the cane](bold).

孩子们知道，如果调皮捣蛋的话就会挨藤条。


cane

to punish someone, especially a child, by hitting them with a stick


cannot

Mrs Armstrong regrets that she cannot accept your kind invitation.

阿姆斯特朗夫人很遗憾未能接受你的好意邀请。

used to say that you feel you have to do something

One cannot but admire her determination.

人们不能不佩服她的决心。


canoe

[paddle your own canoe](bold) at → [paddle](->paddle) 2 sense 5

a long light boat that is pointed at both ends and which you move along using a paddle


canoe

划[乘]独木舟；划[乘]划艇


can't

used to say that something is impossible or unlikely

You can’t miss it – it’s a huge building.

你不会看不到的，那是很大的一座楼。


canvas

strong cloth used to make bags, tents, shoes etc

a painting done with oil paints, or the piece of cloth it is painted on

The gallery has a canvas by Paul Cézanne.

这个美术馆有一幅保罗·塞尚的油画作品。

‘Four Women on a Bench’, oil on canvas, 1991

《长凳上的四个女人》，布面油画，作于1991年

the whole of a situation, and not just a part of it

These questions must be considered on a broader canvas.

这些问题必须从全局来考虑。


canyon

a deep valley with very steep sides of rock that usually has a river running through it

峡谷〔两边为峭壁、谷底通常有溪流〕


cap

→ [flat cap](->flat cap) → [ice cap](->ice cap) → [kneecap](->kneecap) → [mob cap](->mob cap) → [skull cap](->skull cap) → [toecap](->toecap) [a feather in your cap](bold) at → [feather](->feather) 1 sense 2 [if the cap fits (, wear it)](bold) at → [fit](->fit) 1 sense 8 [put your thinking cap on](bold) at → [thinking](->thinking) 1 sense 3

(=that people wear for baseball and for fashion)

He was wearing a sweater and a baseball cap.

(=made of cloth with a stiff piece that sticks out at the front)

We saw an old man in a jacket and a brown flat cap.

A swimming cap will stop you getting your hair wet.

(=worn to keep your hair dry when having a shower)

There was a little bag containing soap, shampoo and a shower cap.

He opened the door, took off his cap, and threw it on a hook.

a type of flat hat that has a curved part sticking out at the front, and is often worn as part of a uniform

〔有帽舌、通常和制服配套的〕帽子

a covering that fits very closely to your head

〔紧盖住头部的〕帽子，便帽

a type of simple hat that fits very closely to your head, worn especially by women in the past

〔旧时一种式样简洁、紧贴头部的〕女帽

a protective covering that you put on the end or top of an object

〔对物件起保护作用的〕罩，盖，套

Make sure you put the cap back on the pen.

an upper limit that is put on the amount of money that someone can earn, spend, or borrow

〔收入、支出或借贷金额的〕最高限额

地方市政会支出的最高限额

if a sportsperson wins a cap or is given a cap, he or she is chosen to play for their country

队员帽〔表示入选国家队〕

He won his first England cap against Wales in 1994.

1994年他首次入选英格兰队，参加对威尔士队的比赛。

a sportsperson who has played for his or her country

Mason is one of two new caps in the team.

梅森是国家队的两名新队员之一。

a small paper container with explosive inside it, used especially in toy guns

啪啪纸，火药纸〔尤指玩具枪中用的纸包火药〕

a contraceptive made of a round piece of rubber that a woman puts inside her vagina

to ask for money or help in a very respectful way, from someone who has a lot more power than you

（向某人）低三下四地讨钱，卑躬屈膝地求助

Elderly people should receive a heating allowance every winter, instead of having to go cap in hand to the government.

老年人应该每年冬天都能领到取暖费，而不是向政府低三下四地讨要。


cap

[past tense and past participle](italic) [capped](bold) [present participle](italic) [capping](bold)

a graceful tower capped with a golden dome

magnificent cliffs capped by lovely wild flowers

to limit the amount of something, especially money, that can be used, allowed, or spent

the only county to have its spending capped by the government

唯一一个开支受控于政府的县

[Cap](bold)  is often passive in this meaning.

to say, do, or be something that is better, worse, or more extreme than something that has just happened or been said

Well, we went three nights with no sleep at all. I bet you can’t cap that!

唉，我们连续三夜没睡觉，我敢打赌你不会比这更惨了！

to have something very good or very bad at the end of an event

a fabulous weekend, capped by dinner in the Times Square Hotel

一个非常美好的周末，以在时报广场酒店用晚餐结束

to choose someone for a national sports team

He’s been capped three times for England.

[Cap](bold)  is usually passive in this meaning.

used before a statement to say that something is the last in a series of annoying, unpleasant, or funny events

To cap it all, the phones didn’t work, and there was no hot water.

最倒霉的是，电话不能用，热水也没有。

白雪覆盖的/白色覆盖的等

to cover a tooth with a special hard white substance


capability

the natural ability, skill, or power that makes a machine, person, or organization able to do something, especially something difficult

〔尤指完成困难事情的〕能力，才能

Does the company have the capability to change to meet market needs?

这家公司是否具备满足市场需求的应变能力？

I can speak French, but simultaneous translation is [beyond](bold) my [capabilities](bold)(=too difficult).

我能讲法语，但是同声传译我做不了。

the ability that a country has to take a particular kind of military action


capable

having the qualities or ability needed to do something

The company isn’t capable of handling an order that large.

那家公司没有能力应付那么大的订单。

I’m perfectly capable of looking after myself, thank you!

我完全能够自己照顾自己，多谢了！

You say that someone is [capable of doing](bold)  something: He is capable of doing it by himself.
Don’t say: [He is capable to do it by himself.](strike)

someone who is able to do something well

Helen was put in the capable hands of hair stylist Daniel Herson.

海伦由美发大师丹尼尔•赫森给她做头发。


capacity

It’s a small microwave which has a capacity of 0.6 cubic feet.

(=able to hold a lot of things or people)

There was demand for a high capacity public transport system.

(=how much information a computer disk, CD-Rom etc can hold)

The storage capacity is about 250 megabytes.

(=how many seats there are in a theatre, hall etc)

The largest hall in the university has a seating capacity of over 1,500.

(=the largest number of people who can fill a theatre, hall etc)

The lecture attracted a capacity audience.

(=the largest number of people that can fit in a place)

A capacity crowd of 40,000 turned up at the stadium.

the amount of space a container, room etc has to hold things or people

The fuel tank has a capacity of 40 litres.

The room had seating capacity for about 80.

这房间能坐80个人左右。

The orchestra played to a [capacity crowd](bold)(=the largest number of people who can fit into a hall, theatre etc).

管弦乐队为满场的观众演奏。

All the hotels were [filled to capacity](bold).

[in a professional/official etc capacity](bold)

Rollins will be working in an advisory capacity on this project.

罗林斯将担任这个项目的顾问。

I attended the meeting in my capacity as chairman of the safety committee.

我是以安全委员会主席的身份参加这次会议的。

the amount of something that a factory, company, machine etc can produce or deal with

〔工厂、公司、机器等的〕生产量，生产能力

The company has the capacity to build 1,500 trucks a year.

公司的年生产能力为1,500辆卡车。

The factory has been working [at full capacity](bold)(=making the most amount of things that it can).

这家工厂已经在全力生产了。

the size or power of something such as an engine

The tax on cars is still based on engine capacity.

汽车税仍然按发动机的功率大小来征收。


cape

a long loose piece of clothing without sleeves that fastens around your neck and hangs from your shoulders

a large piece of land surrounded on three sides by water


capital

an important city where the main government of a country, state etc is

Washington D.C., the capital of the United States

money or property, especially when it is used to start a business or to produce more wealth

The government is eager to attract foreign capital.

政府急切希望吸引外国资金。

→ [venture capital](->venture capital) → [working capital](->working capital)

a letter of the alphabet written in its large form, used for example at the beginning of someone’s name

a place that is a centre for an industry, business, or other activity

〔工商业或其他活动的〕中心

Hollywood is the capital of the movie industry.

to use a situation or event to help you get an advantage

利用某事物获利，从某事物中捞取好处

the top part of a columna long stone post used in some buildings


capital

a capital letter is one that is written or printed in its large form

relating to money that you use to start a business or to make more money

trouble with a capital T, fast with a capital F etc

used with any word in order to emphasize that you are talking about an extreme type of something

麻烦透顶，快速之极等〔强调极端性〕


capitalism

an economic and political system in which businesses belong mostly to private owners, not to the government


capitalist

[venture capitalist](bold) at → [venture capital](->venture capital)

someone who owns or controls a lot of money and lends it to businesses, banks etc to produce more wealth


capitalist

also: [cap‧i‧ta‧lis‧tic](bold) /ˌkæpətlˈɪstɪk◂/  [adj](bold)


capital punishment

punishment which involves killing someone who has committed a crime


captain

the sailor in charge of a ship, or the pilot in charge of an aircraft

The captain and crew welcome you aboard.

机长和全体机组人员欢迎各位乘坐本次航班。

a military officer with a fairly high rank

〔陆军或美国空军的〕上尉；〔海军或英国空军的〕上校

someone who leads a team or other group of people

朱莉是问答比赛队的队长。

The Blackhawks' [team captain](bold) was the first to score.

someone who owns or has an important job in a big company


captain

to lead a group or team of people and be their captain

担任〔队长〕，率领〔团队〕

The U.S. team, captained by Arthur Ashe, won the Davis Cup in 1981 and 1982.

由亚瑟•阿什率领的美国队赢得了1981和1982年的戴维斯杯。

担任 …的船长[机长等]


capture

to catch a person and keep them as a prisoner

Government troops have succeeded in capturing the rebel leader.

政府军已经成功抓获叛乱分子的头目。

to get control of a place or object that previously belonged to an enemy, during a war

攻取，夺取，夺得〔属于敌人的地方或物品〕

The town was captured after a siege lasting ten days.

经过十天的围攻，该镇终于被攻陷。

The Dutch fleet captured two English ships.

荷兰舰队虏获两艘英格兰船只。

to catch an animal after chasing or following it

The tiger was finally captured two miles outside the village.

这只老虎终于在村外两英里的地方被捕获了。

to succeed in recording, showing, or describing a situation or feeling, using words or pictures

〔用文字或图片〕记录，描述，捕捉

These photographs capture the essence of working-class life at the turn of the century.

这些相片捕捉到了世纪之交工人阶级生活的神韵。

The robbery was captured on police video cameras.

抢劫过程被警方的摄像机拍录了下来。

to make someone feel very interested in something

引起某人想象/吸引某人注意等

His stories of foreign adventure captured my imagination.

他的外国历险故事使我心驰神往。

赢得某人的心，使某人倾心

to get something that previously belonged to one of your competitors

We aim to capture eight percent of the UK wine market.

我们的目标是占有百分之八的英国葡萄酒市场。

Republicans captured three Senate seats from the Democrats.

共和党夺走了民主党的三个参议院席位。

to be talked or written about a lot in the newspapers or on television

占据新闻的头版头条，成为热点新闻

Irvine Welsh first captured the headlines with his novel ‘Trainspotting’.

欧文•威尔士最早是以他的小说《猜火车》出名的。

to put something in a form that a computer can use

The data is captured by an optical scanner.

该数据是通过光学扫描仪采集的。

to remove one of your opponent’s pieces from the board in chess

〔在国际象棋中〕吃掉〔对方一子〕


capture

when you catch someone in order to make them a prisoner

The two soldiers somehow managed to avoid capture.

这两名士兵设法躲过了抓捕。

when soldiers get control of a place that previously belonged to an enemy

when you get control of something that previously belonged to one of your competitors

when you put information into a form a computer can use

转换，记录〔把信息转成计算机可使用的形式〕


car

You say [get in a car](bold)  or [get into a car](bold) : He got into the car and drove away.
Don’t say: [get on a car](strike)

You say [get out of a car](bold) : We got out of the car to see what had happened.
Don’t say: [get off the car](strike)

You say that someone is [in a car](bold) : I like to listen to the radio when I’m in the car.
Don’t say: [on a car](strike)

You go somewhere [by car](bold) : It’s quicker to get there by car.
Don’t say: [by a car](strike)

I try to use public transport instead of going by car.

The man stopped and she got into the car.

He got out of the car and went into the newsagent’s.

In England you can learn to drive a car when you are 17.

(=have a car and pay for the petrol, repairs etc it needs)

People on low incomes can’t afford to run a car.

Is it all right if I take the car this evening?

She parked the car by the side of the road.

(=no longer be able to control its direction)

He lost control of the car on a sharp bend.

A small black car overtook me on my left.

A car suddenly pulled out in front of me.

The car slowed down and stopped outside our house.

(=stops working because something is wrong with it)

On the way home on the motorway the car broke down.

(=stops working for a short time until you start it again)

I saw the car leave the road and hit a tree.

(=slides sideways in a way you cannot control)

She couldn’t find a space in the car park.

The car industry suffers in times of economic decline.

He works for the German car manufacturer, Mercedes.

Every year 1500 car drivers and passengers die in road accidents.

Car dealers reported a 4% drop in sales.

The best bit in the movie was the car chase through the city.

Car crime in the area has risen rapidly.

The company locates suitable new and used cars for buyers.

(=one with a door at the back and folding seats)

Once you have children, an estate car is very useful.

The vehicle was being chased by a police car.

(=one that your company gives you to use)

a vehicle with four wheels and an engine, that can carry a small number of passengers

Dan got out of the car and locked the door.

他还未到可以开车的年龄。

a train carriage used for sleeping, eating etc

〔火车〕卧铺车厢/餐车/自助餐车

the part of a lift, balloon, or airship in which people or goods are carried

〔电梯的〕升降厢；〔热气球、飞艇等的〕吊舱，座舱，货舱


caravan

a vehicle that a car can pull and in which people can live and sleep when they are on holiday

〔带有食宿设备的〕旅行拖车

[caravan site/park](bold)(=area of land where people can park their caravans)

a covered vehicle that is pulled by a horse, and in which people can live

〔可以住人的〕大篷车，有篷马车

a group of people with animals or vehicles who travel together for safety, especially through a desert

〔尤指穿越沙漠地带的〕旅行队


carbohydrate

a substance that is in foods such as sugar, bread, and potatoes, which provides your body with heat and energy and which consists of oxygen, hydrogen, and carbon

foods such as rice, bread, and potatoes that contain carbohydrates

含碳水化合物的食品〔如米饭、面包、马铃薯等〕


carbon

a chemical substance that exists in a pure form as diamonds, graphite etc, or in an impure form as coal, petrol etc. It is a chemical element: symbol C

碳〔一种化学元素，符号为C〕


card

[hold all the cards](bold) at → [hold](->hold) 1 sense 30 [play the race/nationalist/environmentalist etc card](bold) at → [play](->play) 1 sense 14 [stack the cards](bold) at → [stack](->stack) 2 sense 4

All US citizens must carry an identity card.

Entrance is free if you have a student card.

(=one that proves who you are when you change doctors)

You will need to bring your medical card.

The dentist gave me a new appointment card.

(=one that you slide through a machine in order to open a door)

Swipe cards are used to enhance security.

(=one with an electronic part that records information)

Keeping medical records on small plastic smart cards seems to be a success.

(=one in a mobile phone that allows you to use a network)

You may need a new sim card when you travel abroad.

(=one that shows you want your organs to be given to someone when you die)

We want to encourage more people to carry a donor card.

Motorists could soon be forced to carry an ID card.

He flashed his ID card at the guard and walked straight in.

(=one you use to buy things and pay later)

(=one you use to pay for things directly from your account)

(=one you use to get cash from a machine)

You should report stolen cash cards immediately.

(=one that you must show when you write a cheque)

Always keep your cheque book and cheque card separately.

(=one that allows you to buy things from a particular shop and pay for them later)

Store cards often have high rates of interest.

(=one that you can use in some public telephones)

You can use this phone card in several countries.

1 in 10 store card holders owes more than £500.

(=the illegal use of other people’s cards)

Many consumers are afraid of credit card fraud.

Hackers stole hundreds of people's card details.

I’ll put the restaurant bill on my card.

I don’t use a card if I can pay by cash.

a small piece of plastic or paper containing information about a person or showing, for example, that they belong to a particular organization, club etc

Employees must show their [identity cards](bold) at the gate.

雇员在大门口必须出示自己的身份卡。

I haven’t got my [membership card](bold) yet.

a small piece of plastic, especially one that you get from a bank or shop, which you use to pay for goods or to get money

Lost or stolen cards must be reported immediately.

信用卡遗失或被盗必须马上挂失。

Every time you use your store card, you get air miles.

每次使用赊账卡都可以累积航空里程。

→ [charge card](->charge card) → [cheque card](->cheque card) → [credit card](->credit card) → [debit card](->debit card)

a piece of folded thick stiff paper with a picture on the front, that you send to people on special occasions

a card with a photograph or picture on one side, that you send to someone when you are on holiday

我从马德里给你寄了张明信片。

剪一张12×10厘米的白卡纸。

a small piece of thick stiff paper that information can be written or printed on

a small piece of thick stiff paper with numbers and signs or pictures on one side. There are 52 cards in a set.

[pack/deck of cards](bold)(=a complete set of cards)

a small piece of thick stiff paper with numbers or pictures on them, used to play a particular game

〔一种上面印有数字或画片的〕纸牌

一套玩“对儿”游戏的纸牌

a small piece of thick stiff paper with a picture on one side, that is part of a set which people collect

足球卡/棒球卡等〔可收集成套〕

a small piece of thick stiff paper that shows your name, job, and the company you work for

我叫亚当•卡弗，这是我的名片。

a piece of equipment inside a computer that the chips are attached to, that allows the computer to do specific things

At 3–1 down, another defeat seemed to be on the cards.

已经是1比3落后了，看来又要输了。

to deal with a situation in the right way, so that you are successful in getting what you want

If he plays his cards right, Tony might get a promotion.

如果托尼把握好机会，他可能会升职。

to tell people what your plans and intentions are in a clear honest way

〔把自己的计划和打算〕和盘托出，摊牌

What I’d like us to do is put our cards on the table and discuss the situation in a rational manner.

我希望我们能够开诚布公，理智地讨论现在这个情况。

play/keep your cards close to your chest

to keep your plans, thoughts, or feelings secret

〔对自己的计划、想法、感觉〕秘而不宣，守口如瓶

to have another advantage that you can use to be successful in a particular situation

另有一张王牌，另有制胜法宝

something that gives you a big advantage in a particular situation

The promise of tax cuts proved, as always, to be the Republican Party’s trump card.

一如既往，承诺减税是共和党的王牌。

if someone’s card is marked, they have done something that makes people in authority disapprove of them

某人留下了污点，某人上了黑名单

a small piece of stiff red or yellow paper, shown to a player who has done something wrong in a game such as football

a list of races or matches at a sports event, especially a horse race

〔尤指赛马的〕赛事一览表

a full card of 120 riders for the Veterans race

一张满满的赛马日程表，有120名骑师参加这次资深骑师比赛

a small piece of thick stiff paper with a special picture on one side, that is put down in a pattern in order to tell someone what will happen in their future

a tool that is similar to a comb and is used for combing, cleaning, and preparing wool or cotton for spinning (spin)

〔梳理送纺前的羊毛或棉花的〕梳毛机[刷]，梳理机[刷]


card

to ask someone to show a card proving that they are old enough to do something, especially to buy alcohol

〔尤在购买酒类时〕要求 …出示证件

to show a red or yellow card to someone playing a sport such as football, to show that they have done something wrong

对〔犯规的运动员〕亮牌，向 …出示红[黄]牌

to comb, clean, and prepare wool or cotton, before making cloth

〔织布前〕梳理〔羊毛或棉花〕


cardigan

AmE also: [=cardigan #sweater](bold)  [n](bold) <[C](bold)>

a sweater similar to a short coat, fastened at the front with buttons or a zip


care

if you do something with care, you are careful to avoid damage, mistakes etc

care to avoid danger or risks, or care about trusting information that might not be true

Her evidence should be treated with caution.

There was a certain lack of caution among investors.

a sensible and careful attitude that makes you avoid unnecessary risks – a rather formal use

Banks should show more prudence in lending money.

careful attention to what is happening, so that you will notice any danger or illegal activity

Governments from across the world have called for greater vigilance against Internet-based crime.

There is a need for constant vigilance to protect vulnerable people.

careful attention and consideration shown to something, to avoid danger or risks – used especially when someone fails to do this

The court heard that the company had shown no regard for the safety of its employees.

These men are cold-blooded killers and have little regard for human life.

care not to say anything that might offend or upset someone

He handled the matter with a great deal of tact.

care to deal with situations in a way that does not embarrass, upset or offend people, especially by not telling any of their secrets

Any confidential information was treated with discretion.

People expect good standards of medical care.

The government has put a lot more money into health care.

(=in the area where you live rather than in hospitals)

Most mentally ill people are now treated through community care.

You can find home care through family service agencies.

The changes should lead to better patient care.

(=for people in hospital/not in hospital)

Outpatient care is generally less expensive than a stay in hospital.

The important thing is the quality of the nursing care.

(=for ill or old people in a place where they stay)

They used the money to pay for residential care.

(=for people who are very seriously ill)

He needed intensive care for several weeks.

Children with both parents working long hours need after-school care.

The home provides short-term care for elderly people.

The charity provides care and shelter for homeless people.

She had an aging mother who required constant care.

Every citizen has the right to receive health care.

(=someone whose job is looking after people)

She's a part-time care worker with mentally ill adults.

How much money is spent on health care services?

the process of looking after someone, especially because they are ill, old, or very young

Care facilities for the elderly are inadequate.

老年人的护理设施很缺乏。

[in sb’s care](bold)(=being looked after by someone)

The children had been left in the care of a babysitter.

[be under sb’s care](bold)(=be officially looked after or treated by someone)

Mentally ill patients will be under the care of a psychiatrist.

精神病人将接受精神科医生的治疗。

→ [day care](->day care) → [health care](->health care) → [intensive care](->intensive care) [tender loving care](bold) at → [tender](->tender) 1 sense 5

Who’s taking care of the dog while you’re away?

你不在时谁来照看你的狗？

The children are old enough to take care of themselves.

孩子们已经长大，能够照顾自己了。

to deal with all the necessary work, arrangements etc

Her secretary always took care of the details.

细节问题总是由她的秘书来处理。

Don’t worry about your accommodation – it’s all taken care of.

别担心你的住宿问题，都已安排妥当。

to pay for something – used when you want to avoid saying this directly

used when saying goodbye to family and friends

保重，珍重〔用于向家人或朋友道别〕

Take care when driving in icy conditions.

Take care to ensure that the ladder is steady before you climb it.

爬梯子前要当心，确保梯子放稳了。

Take care that the meat is cooked properly.

the process of doing things to keep something in good condition and working correctly

With proper care, the washing machine should last for years.

洗衣机如果保养得宜，应该可以使用很多年。

when you are careful to avoid damage, mistakes etc

The note on the box said ‘Fragile – [handle with care](bold)’.

箱子上写着“易碎，小心轻放”。

The picture had been drawn with [great care](bold).

to spend a lot of time and effort making sure that something is perfect

Paul always takes great care over his appearance.

保罗一向很注意自己的外表。

a child who is in care is being looked after by the government, not by their parents

〔儿童〕由政府照管[监护]

When he was sent to prison, the children were [taken into care](bold).

他入狱后，孩子们就由政府照料。

something that causes problems and makes you anxious or sad

Alex looked as though he [didn’t have a care in the world](bold)(=had no problems or worries).

亚历克斯看上去好像无忧无虑。

a man [with the cares of the world on his shoulders](bold)(=with a lot of problems or worries)

used when sending letters to someone at someone else’s address

把给我的信寄给我叔叔，由他转交。


care

to make sure a child or an old or sick person is safe and has the things they need

She is taking care of her grandmother while her grandfather is in hospital.

to take care of someone. [Care for sb](bold) is less common and more formal than [take care of/look after sb](bold)

Caring for an elderly relative can be very rewarding.

He nursed his wife through a long illness.

The monks nursed him back to healthlooked after him until he was well again.

to look after children in the evening while their parents go out somewhere

I’ll ask Jane to babysit on Wednesday night.

He used to babysit for Mary when she worked nights.

to look after a child while their parents are not there, especially for a short time

Will you mind the baby while I go to the shop?

to think that something is important, so that you are interested in it, worried about it etc

The only thing he seems to care about is money.

She didn’t care what her father thought.

‘He looked angry.’ ‘[I don’t care](bold)!’

“他好像很生气。”“我不管！”

to be concerned about what happens to someone, because you like or love them

I care about him and hate to see him hurt like this.

我关心他，不愿看到他这样受伤。

used to say that something does not worry or upset you because it is not important

It’s rather old and scruffy, but who cares?

这东西又旧又破，但又有谁在意呢？

used when you are angry or upset, to say that you do not care about what someone will do

我才不管呢！我才不在乎呢！

那你和威廉走吧，我根本不在乎！

used to say that someone does not care at all about something

某人一点都不在乎，某人完全无所谓

I really couldn’t care less what you think!

某人一点都不在乎，某人完全无所谓

What do I care? It’s your responsibility now!

这关我什么事？现在是你的责任了！

used to say that something is not important to you at all

As if I cared whether he comes with us or not!

他跟不跟我们一起去我才不在乎呢！

used when you are angry that someone does not seem concerned about someone or something

某人才不会在乎呢〔用于表示生气〕

我们饿死他们也不会管的！

She doesn’t care to spend much time with her relatives.

I wouldn’t care to meet him in a dark alley!

我可不想和他在一条黑暗的小巷里碰头！

I’ve experienced [more](bold) reorganizations [than I care to remember](bold)(=a lot of them).

我经历过的改组已经多得记不清了。

只要你说得出来的任何一种 …

Virtually any piece of equipment you care to name can be hired these days.

如今只要你说得出来的设备几乎都可以租得到。

used to ask someone politely whether they want to do something

你是否愿意做某事？〔礼貌说法〕

你愿意和我们共进晚餐吗？


career

David had had a successful career in banking.

She retired last year after a distinguished career as a barrister.

(=very successful, especially in sport or acting)

Winning the gold medal was the highlight of her glittering career.

She gave up a promising career in advertising in order to look after her children.

The scandal ruined his political career.

Her acting career lasted for more than 50 years.

You have to be outstanding to have a professional career in music.

His parents encouraged him in his chosen career as a scientist.

It isn’t easy to make a career in journalism.

She left teaching to pursue a career as a psychologist.

Jacobson started his banking career in 1990.

Rita went to New York where she launched her dancing career.

She built her literary career by writing about crime.

People may change careers as many as seven times in their lives.

The singer is seeking to revive his pop career.

His career took off and he started making a lot of money.

A good job offers a programme of training and career development.

Students often know little about the career opportunities available to them.

(=opportunities to get a good job or a better position)

Good computer skills will improve your career prospects.

There’s no fixed career path for becoming an actor.

(=a system for making progress in a career)

Teaching offers a clear career structure.

(=the way to higher positions in a career)

Having children can disturb your progress up the career ladder.

After ten years in the job, I realized that I needed to make a career change.

(=one whose job is very important to her)

Most universities offer professional careers advice.

If you’re not sure what to do, why don’t you talk to a careers officer?

a career in journalism/politics/teaching etc

At the age of 15, he knew he wanted a career in politics.

a job or profession that you have been trained for, and which you do for a long period of your life

He realized that his acting career was over.

他意识到自己的演艺事业已走到了尽头。

Career prospects within the company are excellent.

a physiotherapist who wanted to make a dramatic [career change](bold) by becoming an author

想彻底改行当作家的理疗师

Nurses want an improved [career structure](bold)(=better opportunities to move upwards in their jobs).

护士希望有更好的职业架构。

someone who intends to be a soldier, teacher etc for most of their life, not just for a particular period of time

the period of time in your life that you spend doing a particular activity

生涯；（一段）工作经历，履历

She had not had a very impressive school career up till then.

在那以前，她的学业表现并不怎么样。

My career as an English teacher didn’t last long.

我的英语教师生涯没有持续多久。

Beating the defending champion has to be the highlight of my career.

击败卫冕冠军必将成为我运动生涯中的巅峰。


career

to move forwards quickly without control, making sudden sideways movements

The truck careered down the hill and into a tree.

那辆卡车直冲下山，撞到一棵树上。


carefree

He thought back to the carefree days of his childhood.

他回想起自己无忧无虑的童年时代。


careful

trying to avoid mistakes and do everything correctly by paying a lot of attention to details

Try to be more careful with your punctuation.

A careful inspection showed cracks in the foundation of the building.

always doing things in a careful and well-organized way

He is very methodical in his work and likes to plan everything in advance.

This time the researchers used a more methodical approach to the problem.

/ˈθʌrə/ US /ˈθʌroʊ, ˈθʌrə/

careful to examine or deal with every part of something, so that you do not miss anything important

There will be a thorough investigation into the circumstances of her death.

Our mechanics will check everything – they’re very thorough.

very careful about every small detail in order to make sure everything is done correctly

She keeps meticulous records of the students’ progress.

He was meticulous about keeping the place clean and tidy.

using a fixed plan in a careful and well-organized way in order to do everything that you should

a systematic review of the scientific evidence

We need a systematic way to evaluate employees.

using a lot of time and effort to do something in a very careful and thorough way

The book is the result of ten years of painstaking research.

They began the long and painstaking task of translating his work into English.

used to tell someone to think about what they are doing so that something bad does not happen

trying very hard to avoid doing anything wrong or to avoid damaging or losing something

Be careful to dispose of your litter properly.

He was being very careful with the coffee so as not to spill it.

他非常小心地拿着咖啡，以免泼出来。

I’ll be more careful what I say in the future.

We were very careful that he didn’t find out.

我们非常小心，不让他发觉。

You are [careful with](bold)  something: You must be careful with the knife.

You are [careful about](bold)  what you do: I was careful about how I spoke to him.

paying a lot of attention to details, so that something is done correctly and thoroughly

Any school trip requires careful planning.

学校的任何出游活动都需要周密的安排。

Careful consideration has been given to all applications.

已仔细审核所有的申请书。

not spending more money than you need to

used to say that you should do everything you can to avoid problems or danger


carefully

You need to think very carefully about which course you want to do.

你要非常仔细地考虑选读哪门课程。