court

[the ball is in sb’s court](bold) at → [ball](->ball) 1 sense 7 [be laughed out of court](bold) at → [laugh](->laugh) 1 sense 6 → [food court](->food court)

the lawyers who are working for the defendant

the lawyers who are trying to prove that the defendant is guilty

the official in charge of a court who decides how criminals should be punished

a group of people, usually 12 people, who listen to the facts and decide whether the defendant is guilty or not guilty

someone who describes in a court of law what he or she knows about a crime

a formal statement made in a court of law about a particular situation or action

the decision of the jury as to whether the defendant is guilty or not guilty

You may be asked to give evidence before a court of law.

(=a problem or crime that is dealt with in a court of law)

a recent court case involving the death of a baby

(=an instruction that someone must do something)

A court order specified that the money must be paid back over six months.

The company appealed against the court ruling.

(=the processes that are part of a court case)

The court proceedings were over in a day.

The costs of going to court are very high.

She took the company to court for sex discrimination.

Three teenage girls were brought before the court for robbing an elderly woman.

A man has appeared in court charged with cruelty to animals.

a case comes to court/comes before the court

The county court will hear the case next month.

(=reach an agreement without using a court)

The matter was finally settled out of court.

The court ruled that the penalty was not excessive.

A US court cleared him of bribery allegations.

A New York court convicted her as a tax cheat.

(=says that an earlier decision was right)

It seems likely that the court will uphold his conviction.

(=says that an earlier decision was wrong)

A Brazilian court has quashed a 19-year jail sentence.

(=stops dealing with it for a period of time)

The court adjourned the trial until June 21st.

(=refuses to allow or consider something)

The court dismissed his appeal against conviction.

Two French magistrates ruled that he should stand trial in a criminal court.

Eviction proceedings take place in a civil court.

(=a British court for cases about serious crimes)

The defendant went to the Crown Court for sentencing.

(=an important court, with more power than an ordinary court)

Their convictions were upheld in the High Court.

(=dealing with cases in which people are not satisfied with a decision)

The appeals court rejected the defence’s argument.

(=the most important court in some countries or US states)

Thomas was the only African-American justice on the Supreme Court.

(=a national court rather than a state court)

(=a court in each area in England and Wales that deals with less serious crimes)

(=an unofficial court that punishes people unfairly)

The army reportedly held kangaroo courts and executed alleged rebels.

the place where a trial is held, or the people there, especially the judge and the jury who examine the evidence and decide whether someone is guilty or not guilty

法院，法庭；全体审判人员

It could not be proved in a court of law.

这场诉讼持续了六个星期。

Four people will appear in court today, charged with fraud.

今天将有四个人因被指控犯有欺诈罪出庭受审。

The court ruled that no compensation was due.

She threatened to [take](bold) the magazine [to court](bold)(=take legal action against them) if they didn’t publish an immediate apology.

她威胁说如果这家杂志不立刻刊登道歉声明，她就要把他们告上法庭。

an area made for playing games such as tennis

Can you book a squash court for tomorrow?

你能不能预订一个壁球场明天打球？

The players are due on court in an hour.

the place where a king or queen lives and works

the king, queen, their family, and their friends, advisers etc

Several members of the court were under suspicion.

There was a taste in [court circles](bold) for romantic verse.

[Court officials](bold) denied the rumours.

宫廷官员否认了这些传言。

to speak in an interesting, amusing, or forceful way so that people gather to listen

Dylan was holding court upstairs to a group of fans.

迪伦在楼上吸引了一群歌迷。

to give someone a lot of attention to try and make them like you


court

to try hard to please someone, especially because you want something from them

His campaign team have assiduously courted the media.

他的竞选班子竭力讨好媒体。

to behave in a way that makes danger etc more likely

To have admitted this would have [courted](bold) political [disaster](bold).

承认了这件事就等于招致政治灾难。

if a man and a woman are courting, they are having a romantic relationship and may get married

That was back in the 1960s when we were courting.

我们在谈恋爱的时候还是20世纪60年代。

if a man courts a woman, he spends time being nice to her because he hopes to marry her

〔男子〕向 …求爱，追求


courteous

polite and showing respect for other people

The staff are always courteous and helpful.

员工们总是彬彬有礼、乐于帮助。


courtesy

polite behaviour and respect for other people

It’s a matter of [common courtesy](bold) to acknowledge letters.

确认收到来信是起码的礼貌。

He didn’t even have the courtesy to call and say he couldn’t come.

他甚至连打个电话来说一声他不能来的礼貌都没有。

The two men [exchanged courtesies](bold) before getting down to business.

两个人互致问候，然后开始谈论正事。

by someone’s permission or kindness, rather than by paying them

承蒙某人的允许，由于某人的好意〔而不是因为付了钱〕

photographs supplied courtesy of Blenheim Palace

承蒙布莱尼姆宫提供的照片

if one thing happens courtesy of another, the second thing caused the first

Healy received a deep cut on his left hand, courtesy of Nicole’s ice skate.

希利因为妮科尔的冰鞋左手被划出了一道深深的伤口。

to be polite enough to do something for someone

为对某人表示礼貌而做某事

At least do me the courtesy of telling the truth.


courtesy

provided free to a customer by a company

The hotel runs a courtesy bus from the airport.

这家酒店在机场有免费巴士接送。

Most reviewers receive a courtesy copy of the book.

大多数书评家都收到一本赠书。

a visit etc done to be polite or show respect

Our captain put in a courtesy visit during dinner.

席间，我们的队长作了礼节性拜访。


courtroom

a room in a law court where cases are judged


courtyard

an open space that is completely or partly surrounded by buildings


cousin

堂[表]兄弟；堂[表]姐妹

→ [first cousin](->first cousin) → [kissing cousin](->kissing cousin) → [second cousin](->second cousin)

something that has the same origins as something else

a drug that is a chemical cousin to amphetamines

和安非他明属于同类化学物的一种药物

The Alaskan brown bear is a close cousin of the grizzly bear.

阿拉斯加棕熊是灰熊的近亲。

someone or something that is similar to someone or something else

His avant-garde music, sometime cousin to jazz, had limited appeal.

他那种有点接近爵士乐的前卫派音乐，喜欢的人有限。


cover

to put something over, on, or around something else, to hide it, protect it, or improve its appearance

She wears a lot of make-up to cover her spots.

to put a cloth, blanket etc loosely over the top of something in order to cover it

They gave him a blanket to put over his legs.

to put paper, plastic, cloth etc tightly around something in order to protect, decorate, or post it

I haven’t wrapped her birthday present yet.

to surround something completely so that it is difficult to see – used especially about darkness, smoke, and clouds

to be covered and hidden in mist, smoke etc

to put something over or be over something in order to hide, close, or protect it

She wore a low-cut dress, partly covered by a thin shawl.

她穿了件低胸连衣裙，搭了一条薄薄的披肩。

if something covers a surface, it forms a layer over it

这个国家的大部分地区都被白雪覆盖。

The bulletin board was covered with messages.

The eruption of the volcano covered states as far away as Montana in a fine layer of ash.

这次火山爆发使远至蒙大拿的一些州也覆盖上一层薄薄的火山灰。

to include or deal with a particular subject or group of things

Are there any areas you feel are not covered adequately in the book?

书中是否有哪些方面你觉得论述得还不够详细？

‘Exercise’ is a word which covers a vast range of activities.

“锻炼”一词包含非常广泛的活动。

We need more time to [cover](bold) so much [ground](bold)(=include so many things).

我们需要更多时间来处理这么多事情。

pollutants that are not covered by the Kyoto agreement

《京都议定书》里未涉及的污染物

They were hoping to cover 40 miles yesterday.

他们昨天是打算走40英里的。

A leopard can [cover](bold) a lot of [ground](bold) very quickly.

豹能飞快地跑很长的一段距离。

这个城市占地25平方英里。

to report the details of an event for a newspaper or a television or radio programme

I’d just returned from covering the Cambodian war.

我刚报道完柬埔寨战争回来。

if a sum of money covers the cost of something, it is enough to pay for it

The award should be enough to cover her tuition fees.

这笔奖金应该够她支付学费了。

Airlines are raising fares to [cover](bold) the rising [costs](bold) of fuel.

航空公司打算提高票价来补贴日益上涨的燃油费。

if your insurance covers you or your possessions, it promises to pay you money if you have an accident, something is stolen etc

Most policies cover accidental damage to pipes.

大部分保单都承保管子的意外损坏。

The treatment wasn’t covered by her health care insurance.

这项治疗不在她健康保险的承保范围内。

He thought he was covered to drive the vehicle.

他以为他开这辆车也是在保险范围之内的。

to protect someone by being ready to shoot anyone who attacks them

I’ll make for the door – cover me, will you?

我到门口去——你掩护我好吗？

to aim a gun at a person or a place where people might be, in order to prevent them from moving or escaping

用枪瞄准〔使人无法移动或逃走〕

He stepped into the doorway and swung the gun up to cover the corridor.

他走进门道，举起枪瞄准走廊。

to stay close to a member of the opposing team or a part of the field in order to prevent your opponents from gaining points

to perform or record a song that was originally recorded by another artist

翻唱，翻录〔他人原创的歌曲〕

They’ve covered several hits from the 1980s.

他们翻唱了几首20世纪80年代的热门歌曲。

to make sure you can deal with any situation or problem so that nothing bad happens

准备好应付各种情况；面面俱到

Parents are already stressed trying to cover the bases at home and at work.

家长要兼顾家庭和工作，压力已经很大了。

to do things in a way that will prevent people from blaming or criticizing you

〔采取行动〕保护自己（免受 …）

Doctors are concerned to cover themselves against charges of negligence.

医生们关心的是要保护自己免受失职的指控。

He copied Stella in on the email just to cover his back.

他把电子邮件抄送了一份给斯特拉，就是想保护自己。

to try to hide something you have done so that other people do not find out

He started to destroy documents to cover his tracks.

他开始销毁文件来掩盖自己的行径。


cover

something that is put on or over something else to protect it, for example a piece of metal, plastic, or glass

a layer of something, or a sheet of something, that covers something else

There was light covering of snow on the ground.

The hard shell acts as a protective covering.

a cover for a container such as a pan or a box

the thing that you put on top of a bottle, tube, or pen, in order to prevent the liquid or other things inside from coming out

the top part that you put on top of a bottle of wine

a sheet of paper, plastic etc that is put around something in order to cover or protect it

John tore the wrapping off his presents.

a piece of paper or plastic that is put around something you buy, especially a small object

He took the drinking straw out of its wrapper.

The price of the book is on the back cover.

I never buy books in hard cover – they’re much more expensive.

There was a blonde girl on the magazine cover.

(=the main story on the front of a newspaper or magazine)

Last month’s cover story was entitled ‘Your Child’s Brain’.

The picture became the July 4th cover shot.

(=an attractive girl whose photo is on the front cover)

She had always liked the idea of being a cover girl.

(=read a book, magazine etc very thoroughly)

He read it from cover to cover in less than three hours.

something that is put on top of something else to protect it

A [dust cover](bold)(=to keep dirt etc off) hung over the painting.

the outer front or back part of a magazine, book etc

His photo’s on the cover of ‘Newsweek’ again.

他的照片又登上《新闻周刊》的封面了。

I [read](bold) the magazine [from cover to cover](bold)(=all of it).

我把这本杂志从头到尾看了一遍。

[cover photo/shot/picture](bold)(=picture on the front cover)

The cover shot was of three guys in army kit.

封面上是三个穿着军装的家伙。

the sheets etc that you put over yourself when you are in bed

The covers had slipped off in the night.

夜里被子从床上滑了下来。

shelter or protection from bad weather or attack

躲避处；掩蔽处；掩蔽工事

He was shot in the head as he ran for cover.

他跑着找地方躲避的时候被击中了头部。

We were forced to [take cover](bold) in a barn.

Three soldiers [broke cover](bold)(=left the place where they were hiding).

the protection insurance gives you, so that it pays you money if you are injured, something is stolen etc

military protection and support given to aircraft, ships etc that are likely to be attacked

fighters used as cover for ground troops

为地面部队提供掩护的战斗机

trees and plants that grow in large numbers on a piece of land

〔土地的〕覆被，自然植被

Once the forest cover is felled, rains wash away the soil.

森林一旦遭到砍伐，雨水就会把泥土冲走。

With its spreading stems, ivy makes good [ground cover](bold).

由于茎部会往四处延伸，因此常春藤是很好的地被植物。

clouds, snow etc that partly hide the sky or the ground

〔云、雪等的〕遮盖，覆盖

Cloud cover in the morning should clear later.

早晨的云雾稍后就会散去。

an arrangement in which people do a job or provide a service, especially because the people who normally do it are not there

代替，替补〔尤因常做此工作的人不在〕

It’s your responsibility to arrange adequate cover for holiday periods.

为假日期间安排好充足的替补人员是你的责任。

a new recording of a song, piece of music etc that was originally recorded by a different artist

〔他人原创歌曲、音乐等的〕翻唱版，翻录版

She’s opted to [do](bold) a [cover version](bold) for her first single.

她决定翻录一首歌曲作为她的首张单曲唱片。

behaviour or activities that seem normal or honest but are being used to hide something bad or illegal

〔为坏事或违法的事做的〕掩盖，掩护

The gang used the shop as a cover for drug deals.

这个犯罪团伙利用这家商店为毒品交易作掩护。

All that toughness is just a cover for his inability to show affection.

他的粗暴都是为了掩盖他缺乏表达爱的能力。

pretending to be someone else in order to do something secretly

伪装着，隐匿着〔为秘密行事而冒充别人〕

She was [working under cover](bold) to get information on drug gangs.

她从事卧底工作，搜集贩毒团伙的情报。

在〔屋顶等结构的〕遮蔽下

The aircraft is displayed under cover in the USAF Gallery.

这架飞机在美国空军陈列室内展出。

他们在夜色掩护下逃跑了。

if a letter etc is sent under plain cover or under separate cover, it is sent in a plain envelope or a separate envelope

The bill will be sent to you later under separate cover.


coverage

The case has received wide press coverage.

(=provided by television newspapers etc)

The private lives of celebrities get a lot of newspaper coverage.

The BBC won an award for its 24-hour news coverage.

He claims the election coverage has been biased against him.

(=broadcast at the same time as something is happening)

There will be live coverage of the concert.

Both channels are giving the election full coverage.

(=provided by local, national etc media)

Bangladesh doesn't get much international coverage.

Newspapers and magazines have wide coverage of diet and health topics.

The exhibition has received extensive coverage in the press.

Satellite coverage of the Olympics was first provided in 1968.

In the west, the story wasn't given any media coverage.

when a subject or event is reported on television or radio, or in newspapers

The allegations received widespread media coverage.

这些指控被媒体作了广泛报道。

[live coverage](bold) of the match (=the match is broadcast at the same time that it is happening)

the protection an insurance company gives you, so that it pays you money if you are injured, something is stolen etc

the range of subjects and facts included in a book, programme, class etc

〔书、节目、课程等的〕内容范围，信息范围

Prestel’s website provides good coverage of the subject.

普雷斯特尔的网站对这方面有很好的探讨。

when something affects or covers a particular area or group of things

More satellites are needed to provide telephone coverage in remote areas.

需要更多的人造卫星覆盖边远地区的电话服务。


cow

→ [cash cow](->cash cow) → [mad cow disease](->mad cow disease) → [sacred cow](->sacred cow)

They are a well-known breed of beef cow.

Once a day, the cows are brought in to be milked.

Cows were grazing peacefully in the meadows.

At this time of year the cows are calving.

We had to wait while a farmer brought a herd of cows across the bridge.

a large female animal that is kept on farms and used to produce milk or meat

the female of some large animals, such as the elephant or the whale

大型雌性动物〔如象、鲸等〕

an offensive word for a woman who you think is stupid or unpleasant

to be very angry or surprised about something

长时间地；无限期地；永远


cow

to frighten someone in order to make them do something

The protesters had been [cowed into submission](bold) by the police.

抗议者在警察的威胁下屈服了。


cowboy

in the US, a man who rides a horse and whose job is to care for cattle

〔美国的〕骑马牧人，牛仔

someone who is dishonest in business, or who produces very bad quality work

a game played by children who fight while pretending to be cowboys and Native Americans

牛仔与印第安人〔一种儿童游戏〕


co-worker

ˈkoʊ ˌwɜːrkər

someone who works with you and has a similar position


crab

a sea animal with a hard shell, five legs on each side, and two large claws

the flesh of this animal that you can cook and eat

a medical condition in which a type of louseinsect is in the hair around sexual organs

someone who becomes annoyed easily about unimportant things


crack

to break or to make something break, either so that it gets lines on its surface, or so that it breaks into pieces

Don’t put boiling water in the glass or it will crack.

不要把沸水倒进这个玻璃杯里，否则它会破裂的。

Concrete is liable to crack in very cold weather.

在严寒的天气条件下混凝土可能会开裂。

He picked up a piece of rock and cracked it in half.

他捡起一块石头，把它击碎成两半。

她摔了一跤，结果一根腿骨骨裂。

他往平底锅里打了几个鸡蛋。

to make a quick loud sound like the sound of something breaking, or to make something do this

Dennis rubbed his hands together and [cracked](bold) his [knuckles](bold).

丹尼斯搓着双手，把指关节弄得咯咯响。

I slipped and cracked my head on the door.

我滑了一跤，头磕在门上。

She [cracked](bold) him [over the head](bold) with a hammer.

她用锤子狠狠地砸他的头。

to be unable to continue doing something because there is too much pressure and you do not have the mental strength to continue

〔因压力太大而〕崩溃，失控

Some young executives crack under the pressure of having to meet tough sales targets every month.

每月都必须完成艰巨的销售指标让一些年轻的主管压力太大、精神崩溃。

He cracked under interrogation and confessed.

if your voice cracks, it starts to sound different because you are feeling strong emotions

His voice cracked slightly as he tried to explain.

他试图解释时声音变得略带沙哑。

to find the answer to a problem or manage to understand something that is difficult to understand

解决〔难题〕；理解〔令人费解之事〕

I think we’ve [cracked](bold) the [problem](bold) of the computer crashing all the time.

我想我们已经解决了电脑总是崩溃的难题。

It took them nearly two months to [crack](bold) the [code](bold).

他们花了将近两个月的时间才破译这个密码。

This new evidence could help detectives to [crack](bold) the [case](bold).

这个新证据可以帮助警探侦破此案。

Political enemies have tried to crack me.

to open a safe illegally in order to steal the things inside it

〔为偷窃〕砸开，撬开〔保险箱〕

to illegally copy computer software or change free software which may lack certain features of the full version, so that the free software works in the same way as the full version

You can find out how to crack any kind of software on the web.

你在网上可以找到破解任何软件的办法。

He seems to have [got it cracked](bold).

He kept cracking jokes about my appearance.

他老是拿我的长相开玩笑。

to smile, usually only slightly or unwillingly

〔通常微微地或不情愿地〕露出笑容

Even Mr Motts managed to crack a smile at that joke.

听完那个笑话，连莫茨先生都勉强挤出一丝笑容。

to open a bottle of alcohol for drinking

to start doing something or going somewhere quickly

I think we need to get cracking if we’re going to catch this train.

如果我们要赶上这趟火车的话，我想我们得赶紧走。

sth is not all/everything it’s cracked up to be

used to say that something is not as good as people say it is

某事物不像人们说的那么好

I thought the film was OK, but it’s not all it’s cracked up to be.

我认为这部电影还可以，但没有人们说的那么好。


crack

a very narrow space between two things or two parts of something

He squeezed into a crack between two rocks.

他挤入两块岩石之间的缝隙中。

He could see them through a crack in the door.

She [opened](bold) the door [a crack](bold) and peeped into the room.

她把门打开一条缝，往房间里偷看。

a thin line on the surface of something when it is broken but has not actually come apart

There were several small cracks in the glass.

玻璃上有几条细小的裂纹。

a weakness or fault in an idea, system, or organization

〔观点、制度或组织中的〕缺陷，缺点

The cracks in their relationship were starting to show.

他们的关系开始显现裂痕。

The first [cracks](bold) are beginning to [appear](bold) in the economic policy.

a sudden loud sound like the sound of a stick being broken

There was a sharp crack as the branch broke off.

We could hear the crack of gunfire in the distance.

我们可以听到远处炮火轰鸣。

I didn’t like his crack about her being overweight.

我不喜欢他开玩笑说她太胖。

He’s always [making cracks](bold) about how stupid I am.

I’d like a crack at climbing that mountain.

The competition’s open to anyone – why don’t you [have a crack](bold)?

这次比赛人人都可以参加，你为什么不去试试呢？

an illegal drug that some people take for pleasure

You’ve had a nasty crack on the head and you need to rest.

你的头部遭受重击，需要休息。

a change in someone’s voice because they are feeling very upset

〔因生气而引起的〕某人声音的变化

He noticed the crack in her voice as she tried to continue.

他注意到她继续说下去时声音都变了。

a piece of information or computer code that lets you illegally change free software which may lack certain features of the full version, so that the free software works in the same way as the full version

〔非法使用正版计算机软件的〕破解信息，破解码

the same chance as other people to do something

They feel they haven’t been [given a fair crack of the whip](bold).

他们觉得自己没有得到均等的机会。


crack

优秀的，经验丰富的，训练有素的

someone who is able to shoot a weapon very well and hit the thing they are aiming at


crackle

to make repeated short sounds like something burning in a fire

An announcement crackled over the tannoy.

扩音机里吱吱嘎嘎地播出一则通知。


craft

The Navajo Indians sell their jewellery and other traditional crafts.

local crafts such as glass blowing and leather work

The museum contains exhibits of old rural crafts.

Building stone walls is a highly skilled craft.

As a girl, she had to learn the craft of hand sewing.

The craftsmen use traditional tools to practise their ancient crafts.

(=selling things made by craftsmen or women)

Craft work, such as hand-knitted items or decorated cakes, often sells well.

(=place where a craftsman or woman works)

(=event where people buy and sell crafts)

(=building where you can see different crafts and buy things)

(=things produced by artists and craftsmen or women)

a job or activity in which you make things with your hands, and that you usually need skill to do

〔传统的手工〕工艺；手艺

the skills needed for a particular profession

The musician spends years perfecting his craft.

这位音乐家多年来不断提高自己的艺术造诣。

Craft and cunning were necessary for the scheme to work.

实施这个阴谋需要诡计和狡猾。


craft

to make something using a special skill, especially with your hands

Each doll is crafted individually by specialists.

每个布娃娃都由专业人员手工制作。

a [hand-crafted](bold) silver cigar case


craftsman

someone who is very skilled at a particular craft


crafty

[comparative](italic) [craftier](bold) [superlative](italic) [craftiest](bold)

good at getting what you want by clever planning and by secretly deceiving people

→see THESAURUS at [intelligent](->intelligent)


cram

[past tense and past participle](italic) [crammed](bold) [present participle](italic) [cramming](bold)

把 …塞入〔小空间〕，硬塞

吉尔把自己的衣服塞进袋子里。

A lot of information has been crammed into this book.

if a lot of people cram into a place or vehicle, they go into it so it is then full

We all crammed in and Pete started the car.

我们都挤进去后皮特发动了汽车。

Thirty-six thousand spectators crammed into the stadium to see the game.

36,000名观众涌进体育场观看这场比赛。

if a lot of people cram a place, they fill it

Thousands of people crammed the mall Sunday.

星期天成千上万的人挤进了这家大型购物中心。

to prepare yourself for an examination by learning a lot of information quickly

〔为应付考试而〕死记硬背，临时抱佛脚

她整个星期都在拼命准备应付考试。

I have to cram for my chemistry test tomorrow.

我得为明天的化学测验临时抱佛脚。


cramped

a cramped room, building etc does not have enough space for the people in it

〔房间、建筑等〕狭窄的，狭小的

The troops slept in [cramped conditions](bold) with up to 20 in a single room.

士兵们睡在拥挤的环境里，一个房间多达20人。

unable to move properly and feeling uncomfortable because there is not enough space

〔因空间不够而〕受限制的，拥挤的

writing that is cramped is very small and difficult to read

〔字迹〕小而难认的，密密麻麻的


crane

a large tall machine used by builders for lifting heavy things


crane

[v](bold) <[I,T always + adv/prep](bold)>

to look around or over something by stretching or leaning

伸长（脖子）看；探头看；倾身看

The children craned forward to see what was happening.

孩子们探头向前看发生了什么事。

He [craned his neck](bold) above the crowd to get a better view.

他伸长脖子，把头探出人群，想看得更清楚些。


crash

to hit another vehicle, a tree, the ground etc, with a lot of force, causing a lot of damage

The plane crashed a kilometre from the runway.

to move into something quickly and with force

He wasn’t paying attention, and almost hit another car.

if two cars, trains, planes etc collide, they hit each other, especially when they are moving in opposite directions

An express train collided with a freight train in the morning rush hour.

to hit a vehicle or object that is directly in front of you, especially because you are not paying attention

He ran into the car in front while he was talking on his mobile phone.

to crash into something, causing a great amount of damage

An army helicopter smashed into the side of the mountain.

to crash into something with a lot of force, especially when your vehicle continues moving afterwards

The bus went out of control and ploughed into a line of traffic.

to deliberately hit another boat or vehicle very hard, especially when it is not moving

The ship had been rammed by a submarine.

to have an accident in a car, plane etc by violently hitting something else

（使）〔车〕碰撞；〔飞机〕坠毁

这架喷气式飞机起飞后就坠毁了。

[Crash](bold)  is a reciprocal verb. This type of verb is used when saying that two or more people or things do something that involves both or all of them: Two planes crashed in midair.  You can also say: Two planes crashed with each other in midair. One plane crashed with another in midair.

to hit something or someone extremely hard while moving, in a way that causes a lot of damage or makes a lot of noise

一块砖哗啦一声击穿了窗户。

We watched the waves crashing against the rocks.

我们看着海浪哗啦哗啦地冲击岩石。

The plates [went crashing](bold) to the ground.

盘子哗啦一声摔落到地上。

A large branch [came crashing down](bold).

一根大树枝啪啦一声掉落下来。

if a computer crashes, or if you crash the computer, it suddenly stops working

The system crashed and I lost three hours’ worth of work.

系统崩溃了，我白做了三个小时的工作。

if a stock market or shares crash, they suddenly lose a lot of value

〔股市或股票〕狂跌，暴跌

Liverpool [crashed to](bold) their worst [defeat](bold) of the season.

利物浦队遭遇了本赛季最惨痛的失利。

to stay at someone’s house for the night

Can I crash at your place on Saturday night?

星期六晚上我能在你家过夜吗？

to go to bed, or go to sleep very quickly, because you are very tired

I crashed out on the sofa this afternoon.

今天下午我在沙发上睡着了。

to go to a party that you have not been invited to

昨天我们没有受到邀请就去参加了乔的派对。


crash

There will be an investigation into the cause of the air crash.

(=in which the front part of two vehicles hit each other)

He died in a head-on crash with a lorry.

There have been several fatal crashes on this road.

the risk of injury from a high-speed crash

a horrific crash in which three teenage boys were killed

I’ve been nervous about driving since I had a crash last year.

The three-vehicle crash happened on the corner of Ongar Road.

Two women were taken to hospital after a crash involving a bus and a car.

Families of the crash victims want to know what happened.

The authorities closed off a five-mile area around the crash site.

(=someone who tries to find the cause of a crash)

Crash investigators spent several days examining the scene.

an accident in which a vehicle violently hits something else

〔车辆的〕撞车事故；〔飞机的〕坠毁，失事

→see THESAURUS at [accident](->accident)

Forty-one people were killed in a plane crash.

41人在一次飞机失事中遇难。

[a fatal crash](bold)(=one in which someone is killed)

She was involved in [a head-on crash](bold) with a motorbike (=in which the front of one vehicle directly hits the front of another).

她与一辆摩托车迎面相撞。

a motorway crash between a coach and a lorry

高速公路上一辆长途汽车和卡车相撞的车祸

a sudden loud noise made by something falling, breaking etc

〔东西倒下、打破等时的〕突发性巨响

an occasion when a computer or computer system suddenly stops working

〔计算机或计算机系统的〕瘫痪，崩溃，死机

an occasion on which the stocks and shares in a stock market suddenly lose a lot of value

1987年10月份的股市狂跌


crate

a large box made of wood or plastic that is used for carrying fruit, bottles etc

板条箱；〔木制或塑料制的〕装货箱

a very old car or plane that does not work very well


crate

also: [crate up](bold)  [v](bold) <[T](bold)>

把 …装入板条箱[装货箱]


crater

a round hole in the ground made by something that has fallen on it or by an explosion

〔物体坠落、爆炸等造成的〕坑


crawl

to move along on your hands and knees with your body close to the ground

if an insect crawls, it moves using its legs

有只小虫子爬到你腿上了。

to get into or out of bed slowly because you are very tired

if a vehicle crawls, it moves forward very slowly

to be too pleasant or helpful to someone in authority, especially because you want them to help you – used to show disapproval

to be completely covered with insects, people etc

爬满〔虫子〕；挤满〔人〕

if a computer program crawls the Net, it quickly searches the Internet to find the particular information you need

〔计算机程序〕在因特网上快速搜索

robots that crawl the net searching out e-mail addresses for junk mailing

快速搜索因特网找出电子邮件地址以发送垃圾邮件的机器人


crawl

车辆放慢速度，缓缓行进。

a way of swimming in which you lie on your stomach and move one arm, and then the other, over your head


crayon

a stick of coloured wax or chalk that children use to draw pictures


crayon

用彩色蜡笔[粉笔]画（画）


crazy

[Crazy](bold)  is not used with ‘very’. You say: You’d be absolutely crazy to agree.
Don’t say: [You’d be very crazy to agree.](strike)

very strange or not sensible – used about people, ideas, and behaviour

People think I’m crazy when I start talking about ghosts.

At first, everyone thought he was completely mad.

see also → [mentally ill](->mentally ill)

[comparative](italic) [crazier](bold) [superlative](italic) [craziest](bold)

古怪的；疯狂的；不明智的

邻居一定会认为我们疯了。

I know this idea [sounds crazy](bold), but it may be worth a try.

我知道这个主意听起来很荒唐，但也许值得一试。

在这样的大雨天出去简直是发疯了。

I must have been crazy to agree to this.

我一定是疯了，竟然同意这件事。

He often works 12 hours a day – [it’s crazy](bold).

他常常一天工作12个小时——简直疯了。

liking someone very much, or very interested in something

Turn that music down. It’s [driving](bold) me [crazy](bold)!(=really annoying me)

把那音乐调小声些，快把我逼疯了！

Dad will [go crazy](bold) when he hears about this.

爸爸要是知道了这件事会气疯的。

We’re going to have to work like crazy to get this finished on time.

为了按时完成工作，我们得拼命干。

to do something too much, in a way that is not usual or sensible, especially because you are excited

〔尤指因激动而〕发疯，失去理智

Don’t go crazy and spend it all at once.

I feel so alone, sometimes I wonder if I’m [going crazy](bold).

我觉得非常孤单，有时候我怀疑自己是否快要发疯了。


crazy

[n](bold) <[C](bold)> ([especially AmE](special)) [informal](special)


creak

if something such as a door, wooden floor, old bed, or stair creaks, it makes a long high noise when someone opens it, walks on it, sits on it etc

〔门、木地板、旧床、楼梯等〕嘎吱作响

The floorboards creaked as she walked across the room.

她穿过房间时地板嘎吱作响。


cream

(=very thick cream that you cannot pour)

(=with a slightly sour taste – used in cooking)

Pour some thick cream over the strawberries.

Whip the cream until it is thick and light.

Serve the apple tart warm with thick cream.

(=tea with small cakes called scones, that you eat with cream and jam)

a thick yellow-white liquid that rises to the top of milk

used in the names of foods containing cream or something similar to it

含奶油食品〔用于食品名称〕

a thick smooth substance that you put on your skin to make it feel soft, treat a medical condition etc

…中的精英， …中的精华

The students at this college are the [cream of the crop](bold)(=the best of all).

这所学院的学生是天之骄子。


cream

to mix foods together until they become a thick soft mixture

to easily defeat someone in a game, competition etc

〔在游戏、比赛等中〕轻松打败

我们以6比45输得一塌糊涂。

to hit a ball very hard, for example in a game of tennis or cricket


create

to make something exist that did not exist before

Some people believe the universe was created by a big explosion.

有些人认为宇宙是通过一次大爆炸创造出来的。

Her behaviour is creating a lot of problems.

她的行为引起了很多问题。

The new factory is expected to create more than 400 new jobs.

这家新工厂预计能创造400多个新的就业机会。

This dish was created by our chef Jean Richard.

这道菜是我们的厨师琼·理查德创制的。

Philip Glass created a new kind of music.

菲利普·格拉斯首创了一种新的音乐形式。

The software makes it easy to create colourful graphs.

这种软件使设计彩色图表变得简单了。

to officially give someone a special rank or title

詹姆斯一世封他为白金汉公爵。


creation

创造2,000个新的就业机会

the creation of a single European currency

The dress is a stunning creation in green, gold, and white.

这件连衣裙以绿色、金色和白色搭配，是绝妙的设计。

Most countries have systems of government that are relatively modern creations.

大多数国家的政体都是比较现代的产物。

the act by God, according to the Bible, of making the universe, including the world and everything in it

〔《圣经》所载的〕上帝创世

the whole universe and all living things


creative

involving the use of imagination to produce new ideas or things

This job is so boring. I wish I could do something more creative.

这工作太单调了，我希望能做些更有创造性的事情。

I teach [creative writing](bold) at Trinity College.

我在三一学院教创意写作。

the [creative process](bold) of writing a poem

Diaghilev did his great [creative work](bold) in France.

狄亚格列夫在法国编创了富有创新性的伟大作品。

a [creative solution](bold) to the problem

这一问题的创新性解决方法

someone who is creative is very good at using their imagination to make things

You’re so creative! I could never make my own clothes.

你真有创造力！我从来不会自己做衣服。


creative

someone such as a writer or artist who uses their imagination or skills to make things

〔作家或艺术家之类〕搞创作的人，创作者


creativity

the ability to use your imagination to produce new ideas, make things etc

Teachers have been attacked for stifling creativity in their pupils.

教师被批评压抑了学生的创造力。

Editors complain about the lack of creativity in the ideas put to them.

编辑们抱怨说交给他们的选题缺乏创意。


creator

someone who made or invented a particular thing

Walt Disney, the creator of Mickey Mouse

米老鼠的创造者华特·迪士尼


creature

The early Greeks believed that plants were living creatures that felt pain and pleasure.

Damage to the environment affects all wild creatures.

The first living creatures were marine creatures.

Town dwellers see the squirrel as a cute furry creature, but to farmers they’re a pest.

(=awake at night and sleeping in the day)

As darkness falls, nocturnal creatures begin to make an appearance.

Human beings are extremely complex creatures.

anything that is living, such as an animal, fish, or insect, but not a plant

all the [living creatures](bold) in the sea

[creatures of the deep](bold)(=animals and fish that live in the ocean)

an imaginary animal or person, or one that is very strange and frightening

someone who always does things in the same way or at the same time

something, especially something bad, that was made or invented by a particular person or organization

产物，创造物〔尤指不好的东西〕

The poll tax was a creature of the government.

someone who is controlled or influenced a lot by something

He was a creature of the military government.

someone who has a particular character or quality

漂亮的/愚蠢的/讨人喜欢的人等

He was the most beautiful creature Dot had ever seen.

他是多特见到过的最漂亮的人。


credentials

someone’s education, achievements, experience etc that prove they have the ability to do something

She had excellent credentials for the job.

她具备做这份工作的出色资历。

There are doubts over his credentials as a future prime minister.

有人怀疑他是否具备胜任未来首相的资历。

He spent the first part of the interview trying to [establish](bold) his [credentials](bold) as a financial expert.

他在面试的第一阶段设法证明自己具备金融专家的资格。

Her [academic credentials](bold) include an MA and a PhD.

她的学历是文学硕士和哲学博士。

a letter or other document which proves your good character or your right to have a particular position

任职资格证书；〔品格的〕证明信，推荐书

The commissioner presented his credentials to the State Department.

该委员向国务院递交了他的任职资格证书。


credibility

By then the president had ceased to have any credibility.

There's enough evidence to give credibility to this theory.

A number of factors undermine the credibility of these statistics.

The scandal nearly destroyed the FBI's credibility.

Dave had already established his credibility with the department managers.

(=make something or someone have more credibility)

The evidence lent credibility to their arguments.

It took many years for these ideas to gain credibility in the science community.

Both of our major political parties are losing credibility.

The new regime lacked credibility from the start.

(=get it back again after it has been damaged)

His priority was to restore credibility to his government.

A school's academic credibility often depends on its exam results.

The organization has had low credibility among teachers.

The case was a severe blow to the administration's credibility.

the quality of deserving to be believed and trusted

[damage/undermine sb’s credibility (as sth)](bold)

The scandal has damaged his credibility as a leader.

这桩丑闻损害了他作为领袖的可信度。

There are serious questions about the credibility of these reports.

对这些报告的可靠性有很大的疑问。

Predictions of economic recovery have now lost all credibility.

经济复苏的预言现在已完全不可信。

the difference between what someone says and what they do

信用差距〔指言行不一致〕

a credibility gap between the government’s promises and their achievements

政府的承诺和政绩之间的信用差距


credible

deserving or able to be believed or trusted

He was unable to give a credible explanation for his behaviour.

他无法对自己的行为作出可信的解释。

Can Thompson make a credible challenge for the party leadership?

汤普森是否能成功挑战该政党的领导权？

a [credible alternative](bold) to nuclear power


credit

They bought all their furniture on credit.

The survey showed only 15% of people had never used credit.

(=be allowed to buy something on credit)

The economic situation is making it more difficult for people to get credit.

(=allow customers to buy things on credit)

A business may lose customers if it does not give credit.

You may be refused credit if you have a bad financial record.

(=a plastic card that you use to buy things and pay for them later)

(=the opportunity to buy something on credit)

Credit facilities are available if you are over 18.

(=an arrangement to allow or receive credit)

People sometimes sign credit agreements and then realize they can’t afford the payments.

The credit terms were a deposit of £1,000 and two later instalments of £900.

(=how likely a bank etc thinks someone is to pay their debts)

If you have a poor credit rating, you will have a hard time getting a mortgage.

(=a risk that a bank etc may not get back the money it lends)

Banks first have to assess whether a borrower is a credit risk.

(=the most someone can spend using credit)

I have a Visa card with a £1,000 credit limit.

(=a situation in which people are not allowed as much credit as before)

Due to a credit squeeze, interest rates rose.

(=the amount of credit used by consumers)

Consumer credit has risen substantially during this period.

We offer interest-free credit for up to 50 weeks.

an arrangement with a shop, bank etc that allows you to buy something and pay for it later

大多数新汽车都是贷款购买的。

The store agreed to let him have credit.

What’s the credit limit on your Visa card?

你的维萨卡信用额度是多少？

approval or praise that you give to someone for something they have done

Credit for this win goes to everybody in the team.

这次胜利是队里每个人的功劳。

They never [give](bold) Gene any [credit](bold) for all the extra work he does.

吉恩做了那么多分外的事，可他们对此从来没有一句称赞。

[take/claim/deserve etc (the) credit](bold)

She deserves credit for trying her best.

她尽了最大的努力，应该得到表扬。

to sb’s credit (=used to say that someone has done something good)

值得表扬的是，杰米始终保持冷静。

Credit must go to Fiona for making sure everything ran smoothly.

应该感激菲奥娜使一切得以顺利进行。

to behave so well or be so successful that your family, team etc are proud of you

她为自己的行业赢得了荣誉。

你的孩子们确实值得你骄傲。

She already has two successful novels to her credit.

她已经写了两部很成功的小说。

if you are in credit, there is money in your bank account

There are no bank charges if you stay in credit.

只要你账户里有钱，银行就不收费。

a list of all the people involved in making a film or television programme, which is shown at the beginning or end of it

〔电影或电视节目片头或片尾的〕全体演职人员名单

used to talk about the good things about someone or something

On the credit side, the book is extremely well researched.

从优点来讲，这本书经过了非常透彻的研究。

used to say that someone deserves to be praised for the good things they have done

a successfully completed part of a course at a university or college

I don’t have enough credits to graduate.

我学分不够，还不能毕业。

an amount of money that is put into someone’s bank account or added to another amount

The company promised to provide credits to customers who had been charged too much.

公司答应把多收的钱存进顾客账户。

the belief that something is true or correct

The witness’s story [gained credit](bold) with the jury.

证人的陈述被陪审团采信了。


credit

The cheque has been credited to your account.

For some reason my account’s been credited with an extra $76.

不知什么原因，我的账户多出了76美元。

to believe or admit that someone has a quality, or has done something good

相信某人有某优点[做了某件好事]

Do credit me with a little intelligence!

你要相信我还是有点智商的！

Evans is credited with inventing the system.

据信是埃文斯发明的这个系统。

if something is credited to someone or something, they have achieved it or are the reason for it

归功于某人/某事物；某人/某事物是 …发生的原因

Much of Manchester United’s success can be credited to their manager.

曼联队的胜利大半应该归功于他们的主教练。

[difficult/hard/impossible etc to credit](bold)

我们觉得他的说法令人难以信服。


credit card

a small plastic card that you use to buy goods or services and pay for them later

我们接受所有主要的信用卡。


creek

a long narrow area of water that flows from the sea into the land

(also: [be up shit creek (without a paddle)](bold) (not polite) )

If I don’t get my passport by Friday, I’ll be up the creek.

如果到星期五我还拿不到护照的话，那就完了。


creep

[past tense and past participle](italic) [crept](bold) /krept/

to move in a quiet, careful way, especially to avoid attracting attention

悄悄地小心行进，蹑手蹑脚地移动

Johann would creep into the gallery to listen to the singers.

约翰会悄悄溜进楼座去听歌手唱歌。

He crept back up the stairs, trying to avoid the ones that creaked.

他蹑手蹑脚地回楼上，尽量避开那些嘎吱作响的梯级。

if something such as an insect, small animal, or car creeps, it moves slowly and quietly

〔昆虫、小动物、汽车等〕轻声地缓慢行进

顺着我的胳膊慢慢爬下的毛虫

to gradually enter something and change it

Funny how religion is creeping into the environmental debate.

很奇怪宗教怎么会融进有关环境的辩论中。

if a plant creeps, it grows or climbs up or along a particular place

ivy creeping up the walls of the building

if mist, clouds etc creep, they gradually fill or cover a place

to be insincerely nice to someone, especially someone in authority, in order to gain an advantage for yourself

I’m not the kind of person to creep to anybody.

我不是那种会巴结别人的人。

used to say that someone or something makes you feel strong dislike or fear

某人/某事物使我心里发毛[恐惧]

他那呆滞的盯视使我毛骨悚然。


creep

someone who tries to make you like them or do things for them by being insincerely nice to you

Don’t try and flatter her – she doesn’t approve of creeps.

别试图去奉承她，她不喜欢拍马屁的人。

if a person or place gives you the creeps, they make you feel nervous and a little frightened, especially because they are strange

〔人或地方因怪异而〕使某人紧张[害怕]

when something gradually starts to go beyond what it was intended to deal with or include

使命/成本/等级等的偏离

He denied that giving civilian tasks to the NATO forces was a case of mission creep.

他否认把非军事任务交托北约军队是偏离使命的做法。


creepy

making you feel nervous and slightly frightened

使人紧张的；令人毛骨悚然的

→see THESAURUS at [frightening](->frightening)

There’s something creepy about the way he looks at me.

他看着我的样子让人有点毛骨悚然。

整个地方让人感到毛骨悚然。


crew

The film crew were making a political documentary.

Journalists and TV crews were waiting outside their house.

There is a cast of 100 and a stage crew of twenty.

(=working to produce a film, programme, play etc)

She’s a member of the production crew for a new television series.

Fire crews took more than three hours to bring the blaze under control.

The woman had to be rescued from her car by an ambulance crew.

(=the people who prepare an airplane to fly)

The ground crew were refueling the plane.

(=the people who work inside an airplane, especially the flight attendants)

I was impressed by the polite and efficient cabin crew.

all the people who work on a ship or plane

全体船员；〔飞机上的〕全体机组人员

The plane crashed, killing two of the crew and four passengers.

飞机坠毁，造成两名机组人员和四名乘客死亡。

He joined the crew of a large fishing boat.

他加入一艘大渔船船员的行列。

a group of people working together with special skills

a team of people who compete in rowing races

〔划船比赛中的〕全体划船队员，划船队

a group of people or friends – often used to show disapproval

The volunteers were a [motley crew](bold)(=very mixed group of people).

Do you still hang out with [the same crew](bold)?

你还是和原来的那帮人泡在一起吗？

a group of musicians, especially ones playing hip hop, rap, or garage music

〔尤指表演嘻哈乐、说唱乐或车库音乐的〕一群乐师

a group of young people who spend time together, often one that is involved in crime, drugs, or violence

青少年帮派[团伙]〔常与犯罪、毒品或暴力相关〕


cricket

He likes to spend summer weekends watching cricket.

(=a group of people who play cricket together, or the place where they play and meet socially)

The village cricket club held a barbecue.

(=area of ground where cricket is played)

(=the time of year when people play cricket)

He used to be a professional cricket player.

(=a trip to a different country to play cricket)

England's cricket tour to the West Indies

(=someone who likes cricket, especially watching it)

He brought South Africa back into international cricket.

(=played between the teams of different countries)

a game between two teams of 11 players in which players try to get points by hitting a ball and running between two sets of three sticks

a small brown insect that can jump, and that makes a rough sound by rubbing its wings together


crime

an illegal action or activity, or these actions in general

The police need the public’s help to solve crimes.

a crime, especially one that has a particular description and name in law

It is an offence to drive while using a mobile phone.

They pleaded guilty to a misdemeanor and were fined.

Fewer than 25 percent of the people arrested on felony charges are convicted.

He committed a series of violent felonies.

the crime of stealing from a bank, shop etc

Over £100,000 was stolen in the robbery.

The gang carried out a string of daring robberies.

the crime of breaking into someone’s home in order to steal things

There have been several burglaries in our area.

the crime of taking things from shops without paying for them

They get money for drugs from shoplifting.

the crime of getting money from people by tricking them

the activity of tricking people into giving their personal details, bank numbers etc on the Internet, in order to steal money from them

One in four computer users reports that they have been hit by phishing attempts.

the crime of physically attacking someone

He was arrested for an assault on a policeman.

the crime of attacking and robbing someone in a public place

the crime of deliberately killing someone

He is accused of the murder of five women.

Homicide rates are rising fastest amongst teenagers.

the crime of forcing someone to have sex

In most cases of rape, the victim knows her attacker.

the crime of deliberately setting fire to a building

The school was completely destroyed in an arson attack.

the crime of deliberately damaging things, especially public property

He often got into fights and committed acts of vandalism.

The boy admitted that he’d carried out the crime.

There are a number of ways in which the public can help the police to fight crime.

Youngsters who are bored sometimes turn to crime.

It took ten years for the police to solve the crime.

I immediately telephoned the police to report the crime.

Figures show a 19% rise in violent crime.

What made him commit such a terrible crime?

Immigrants were blamed for the increase in petty crime.

Police blame gangs for a third of all juvenile crime in the city.

No evidence of the alleged crime was presented.

(=committed by large organizations of criminals)

the growing threats of terrorism and organized crime

(=crimes such as robbery committed on the streets)

There will be new measures to tackle street crime.

Those responsible for corporate crime often escape punishment.

It is usually companies that are the victims of computer crime.

(=serious crimes committed during a war)

(=in which someone is sexually attacked)

(=committed against someone because of their race, religion etc)

(=a crime such as murder, for which the criminal can be killed)

Victims of crime do not always report the offence.

The government has promised a crackdown on crime.

Detectives were already at the scene of the crime.

Politicians want to appear tough on crime.

He accused the government of being soft on crime.

(=a sudden increase in crime in an area)

Larger cities have been the worst hit by the crime wave.

(=when one person commits a lot of crimes in a short time)

He was arrested after a two-day crime spree.

The police can give you advice on crime prevention.

Women found themselves trapped by crime syndicates into prostitution.

(=someone who writes stories about crimes, especially murder)

We moved here because there was very little crime.

我们搬到这里来是因为这里的犯罪率很低。

Police officers are being given new powers to help combat crime.

警官们被赋予新的权力以助于打击犯罪。

警察对汽车犯罪活动的一次严厉打击

犯罪率相对较低的一个城镇

Don’t use ‘the crime’ when talking about illegal activities in general. You say: Crime has increased dramatically.
Don’t say: [The crime has increased dramatically.](strike)

an illegal action, which can be punished by law

He insisted that he had not committed any crime.

他坚持说自己没有犯任何罪行。

men who have been found guilty of violent crimes

Crimes against the elderly are becoming more common.

针对老年人的犯罪活动越来越普遍。

Police are still busy hunting for clues at [the scene of the crime](bold)(=where the crime happened).

警方仍忙着在犯罪现场寻找线索。

when someone spends their life stealing and committing crimes, in order to get money to live

a crime that no one knows has been committed, so no one can be punished for it

a crime, especially murder, caused by sexual jealousy

情感犯罪；〔尤指〕情杀罪

a crime of cruelty against large numbers of people, especially in a war

〔尤指在战争中的〕危害人类罪

used to say that crime does not give you any advantage, because you will be caught and punished – used when warning people not to get involved in crime

犯罪没有好处〔用于警告人们不要犯罪〕

something that someone is blamed or criticized for doing – use this when you think someone is treated very unfairly

错误，过错〔用于认为某人受到不公平的对待〕

[My only crime](bold) is that I fell in love with another girl.

我唯一的过错就是爱上了另一个女孩。

Johnson’s [biggest crime](bold) was that he told the truth.

约翰逊最大的过错就是说了实话。

said when you think something is very wrong, and someone should not do it

It would be a crime to waste all that good food.

浪费那些美味的食物真是罪过。

[partners in crime](bold) at → [partner](->partner) 1 sense 5 → [white-collar](->white-collar) sense 2


criminal

[criminally](bold) adv. eg: a hospital for the criminally insane

[criminality](bold) /ˌkrɪməˈnæləti/  n. <U>

There was no evidence of any criminal activity.

Cruelty to animals is a criminal offence.

Is it possible that the tendency to criminal behaviour is inherited?

The investigation cleared him of any criminal wrongdoing.

(=damaging someone's property illegally)

He was charged with criminal damage to his boss's car.

Charges of criminal negligence were brought against senior staff.

(=when a possible crime is investigated)

The FBI is conducting a criminal investigation into the bombing.

How effective is our criminal justice system?

I’m more interested in criminal law than civil law.

(=an official accusation that someone has committed a crime)

He’s been arrested on a very serious criminal charge.

(=a record, kept by the police, of the crimes someone has committed)

It can be hard for someone with a criminal record to find work.

The crown court usually deals with criminal cases.

His year-long criminal trial ended in October.

(=actions to deal with criminals, such as charging people with crimes or bringing them to trial)

Criminal proceedings have been started against the officers connected with the events.

The trial will take place in an international criminal court.

Experts cannot agree on the causes of [criminal behaviour](bold).

专家对犯罪行为的原因不能取得一致意见。

I was sure he was involved in some kind of [criminal activity](bold).

我肯定他在从事某种犯罪活动。

She has not committed a [criminal offence](bold)(=a crime).

He was arrested and charged with [criminal damage](bold)(=damaging someone’s property illegally).

他遭到拘捕并被指控犯有刑事损坏罪。

The doctor was found guilty of [criminal negligence](bold)(=not taking enough care to protect people you are responsible for).

relating to the part of the legal system that is concerned with crime

The case will be tried in a [criminal court](bold).

这个案子将在刑事法庭审理。

We have no faith in the [criminal justice system](bold).

我们对刑事司法系统没有任何信心。

The police are investigating the matter, and he may face [criminal charges](bold)(=be officially accused of a crime).

警方正在调查此案，他可能面临刑事指控。

She usually deals with serious [criminal cases](bold).

她一般处理重大刑事案件。

罪过的；错误的；奸诈的；无法容忍的

It seems criminal that teachers are paid so little money.

教师的工资这么少，真让人无法接受。


criminal

someone who is involved in illegal activities or has been proved guilty of a crime. [Criminal](bold) is used especially about someone who often does things that are illegal

Criminals are stealing people's credit card details off the Internet.

He is one of the most wanted criminals in the United States.

The courts should impose tougher punishments on offenders.

a dishonest person, especially one who steals money and who you cannot trust

Some politicians are crooks, but not all of them.

someone who has committed a serious crime

Convicted felons should not be allowed to profit from their crimes.

the person who has done something wrong or illegal

If I ever catch the culprit, he or she is in big trouble.

a young person who behaves badly and is likely to commit crimes – used especially in the phrase [juvenile delinquent](bold)

He later worked with juvenile delinquents in a Florida youth services program.

someone who helps a criminal to do something illegal

Police believe the murderer must have had an accomplice.

Car thieves have been working in the area.

The thieves stole over £5,000 worth of jewellery.

someone who steals money or valuable things from a bank, shop etc – used especially when someone sees the person who is stealing

They were the most successful bank robbers in US history.

someone who goes into people’s homes in order to steal

someone who takes things from shops without paying for them

The cameras have helped the store catch several shoplifters.

someone who steals things from people’s pockets, especially in a crowd

A sign warned that pickpockets were active in the station.

someone who deceives people in order to get money or things

Conmen tricked the woman into giving them her savings, as an ‘investment’.

someone who illegally copies official documents, money, artworks etc

someone who illegally copies money, official documents, or goods

Counterfeiters in Colombia are printing almost perfect dollar bills.

someone who illegally copies and sells another person’s work

someone who attacks and robs people in public places

Muggers took his money and mobile phone.

someone who deliberately kills someone else

His murderer was sentenced to life imprisonment.

the murderer of civil rights activist Medgar Evers

He is a mass murderersomeone who kills a large number of people.

someone who kills several people, one after the other over a period of time, in a similar way

Shipman was a trusted family doctor who became Britain's worst serial killer.

someone who forces someone else to have sex

Some rapists drug their victims so that they become unconscious.

someone who is guilty of a crime related to sex

Too many sex offenders are released from prison early.

someone who deliberately damages public property

Vandals broke most of the school’s windows.

someone who deliberately sets fire to a building

The warehouse fire may have been the work of an arsonist.

Police have described the man as a violent and dangerous criminal.

警方形容那名男子是个凶暴而危险的罪犯。

a [convicted criminal](bold)(=someone who has been found guilty of a crime)

The new law will ensure that [habitual criminals](bold)(=criminals who commit crimes repeatedly) receive tougher punishments than first-time offenders.

新法律将确保惯犯比初犯受到更为严厉的惩罚。

Teenagers should not be sent to prison to mix with [hardened criminals](bold)(=criminals who have committed and will continue to commit a lot of crimes).

青少年不该被送进监狱和惯犯混杂在一起。


cripple

[crippled](bold) adj. eg: landing the crippled plane

to hurt someone badly so that they cannot walk properly

她在一次车祸中受伤致残。

to damage something badly so that it no longer works or is no longer effective

Industry is being crippled by high interest rates.


cripple

someone who is unable to walk properly because their legs are damaged or injured, now considered offensive

跛子，瘸子〔现在被认为具有冒犯性〕

someone who cannot express their feelings to other people – used to show disapproval

感情有缺陷者〔指无法向别人表达自己感情的人，含贬义〕


crisis

an economic/political/financial etc crisis

The country was headed into an economic crisis.

(=relating to the way a country is governed)

The scandal caused the greatest constitutional crisis of modern times.

Our farming industry has been hit by a serious crisis.

The strikes came during a worsening economic crisis.

The people fled the country, creating a huge refugee crisis.

The rising oil prices precipitated an energy crisis.

(=deal with it so that it no longer exists)

We still hope that the hostage crisis can be resolved by negotiation.

Can he handle the crisis in our prisons?

Diplomatic efforts to defuse the crisis have failed.

More talks were proposed in an attempt to avert the crisis.

The failure of the crop this year will create a food crisis.

In April the company sold another 30% of its stock to ease its cash crisis.

There is an energy crisis here, with power cuts happening daily.

Most of my job consists of crisis management.

(=the point at which a problem becomes a crisis)

Emergency powers were needed to deal with the crisis situation.

The Prime Minister went back to London for crisis talks.

a situation in which there are a lot of problems that must be dealt with quickly so that the situation does not get worse or more dangerous

The country now faces an [economic crisis](bold).

该国目前正面临一场经济危机。

The prime minister was criticized for the way in which he [handled the crisis](bold).

首相处理危机的方式遭到了批评。

I was relieved that we had [averted](bold) yet another financial [crisis](bold).

我如释重负，我们又避免了一场财政危机。

Oil companies were heavily criticized when they made large profits [during the](bold) oil [crisis](bold) of the 1970s.

石油公司因在20世纪70年代的石油危机中赚取了丰厚利润而受到严厉抨击。

The car industry [is](bold) now [in crisis](bold).

汽车工业现在正处于危机之中。

He doesn’t seem to be very good at [crisis management](bold).

他好像不大擅长处理危机。

a time when a personal emotional problem or situation has reached its worst point

〔个人的〕危急关头，危难时刻

In times of crisis, you find out who your real friends are.

在危难时刻就会看出谁是你真正的朋友。

He seems to be [going through](bold) a [crisis](bold).

She has reached a [crisis point](bold) in her career.

她的事业已经到了危急关头。

Both parties experienced an [identity crisis](bold)(=feeling of uncertainty about their purpose) at the end of the '90s.

90年代末，两个政党都遭遇了认同危机。

a situation in which people no longer believe that a government or an economic system is working properly, and will no longer support it or work with it

There seems to be a crisis of confidence in the economy.

对经济似乎出现了信任危机。

a situation in which someone feels worried or uncomfortable because they have done something which they think is wrong or immoral


crisp

[crisply](bold) adv. eg: ‘Take a seat,’ she said crisply.

something that is crisp is hard, and makes a pleasant sound when you break it or crush it

She kicked at the crisp leaves at her feet.

He stepped carefully through the crisp deep snow.

他小心地走在松脆深厚的雪地里。

food that is crisp is pleasantly hard or firm when you bite it

Cook the pastry until it is crisp and golden.

把油酥面团烤到发脆并呈金黄色。

The meat should be nice and crisp on the outside.

这肉的外层应该是松脆可口的。

paper or cloth that is crisp is fresh, clean, and new

一张崭新挺括的五美元钞票

if someone behaves or speaks in a crisp way, they are confident, polite, and firm, but not very friendly

〔言行〕干脆利落的，利索的

她的语调干脆利落，有板有眼。

a picture or sound that is crisp is clear

an old recording that still sounds remarkably crisp

听起来仍然很清晰的一段旧录音


crisp

a very thin flat round piece of potato that is cooked in oil and eaten cold


crisp

to become crisp or make something become crisp by cooking or heating it

〔通过烹调或加热〕（使）变脆

Cook the chicken until the skin is nicely crisped.

把鸡烤到皮恰好变脆为止。


criterion

Does your experience meet the criteria for the job?

What criteria do we use to decide whether one book is better than another?

There are certain criteria you should apply when buying a computer.

Normal child development is based upon certain criteria.

Management establishes the criteria for each project.

You need to decide on your main criteria before you buy a house.

Examination results are still seen as the sole criterion of success in education.

All the cars must meet strict criteria, and are tested by our mechanics.

The winning product must satisfy a range of environmental criteria.

(=that is based on fact and not opinion)

The label of 'carer' was defined by the objective criterion of someone who spends more than seven hours looking after someone.

Doctors use an established set of criteria for making a diagnosis.

There’s a list of criteria that you must meet in order to pass your driving test.

a standard that you use to judge something or make a decision about something

〔判断、决定的〕标准，准则

the criteria we use to select candidates

the criteria for measuring how good schools are

Academic ability is not the [sole criterion](bold) for admission to the college.

学术能力不是大学招生的唯一标准。

a universal [set of criteria](bold) for diagnosing patients

To qualify for a grant, students must satisfy certain criteria.

要具备领取助学金的资格，学生必须符合某些标准。


critic

He became the chief music critic for the Herald Tribune.

(=of the food, service etc in restaurants)

Being a restaurant critic sounds like a glamorous lifestyle.

(=of human society and its organizations)

Social critics have argued that television viewing decreases people's other social activities.

Many critics attacked Seurat’s paintings for their lack of colour.

The play was highly praised by critics and the public.

(=describes someone or something as very good)

Critics hailed the film as a brilliant portrayal of American society at that time.

The television series has been panned by critics.

someone whose job is to make judgments about the good and bad qualities of art, music, films etc

〔艺术、音乐、电影等的〕评论家，批评家

a review by the theatre critic of the ‘Sunday Times’

《星期日泰晤士报》的戏剧评论员写的一篇评论

someone who criticizes a person, organization, or idea

Critics of the scheme have said that it will not solve the problem of teenage crime.

此项计划的批评者说它解决不了青少年犯罪问题。

一名对政府直言不讳的批评者

someone who criticizes other people but who does not have any proper experience of the activity the other people are doing

空头批评家，闭门造车的批评家


critical

if you are critical, you criticize someone or something

Many economists are critical of the government’s economic policies.

许多经济学家批评政府的经济政策。

Many parents are [strongly critical](bold) of the school.

许多家长对这所学校提出了强烈的批评。

He made some [highly critical](bold) remarks.

他发表了一些严厉的批判性言论。

something that is critical is very important because what happens in the future depends on it

These talks are critical to the future of the peace process.

这些谈判对和平进程的前景至关重要。

It is [absolutely critical](bold) for us to know the truth.

我们知道真相是极其重要的。

Foreign trade is [of critical importance](bold) to the economy.

外贸对经济而言非常重要。

a critical time or situation is serious and worrying because things might suddenly become much worse

The fighting has stopped, but the situation is still critical.

战斗已经停止，但形势依然严峻。

changes that took place during the critical period at the end of the war

战争临近结束的关键时期内所发生的变化

He is still [in a critical condition](bold) in hospital.

他在医院里，病情仍然危急。

She is in intensive care, where she remains critical but stable.

她在接受特别护理，病情危急但稳定。

the list of patients in a hospital who are so ill that they might die

Two of the victims were still on the critical list Sunday night.

星期日晚上仍有两名受害人病危。

He was taken off the critical list and is now in a stable condition.

他已经脱离危险，现在病情稳定。

if a system, plan, company etc is on the critical list, it is having severe problems and might fail soon

〔体系、计划、公司等〕问题严重，即将失败，岌岌可危

making careful judgments about how good or bad something is

His book provides a critical analysis of the television industry in Britain.

他的书对英国的电视行业作了审慎的分析。

She looked round the room [with a critical eye](bold).

她以评判的眼光环视房间。

according to critics who give judgments about art, films, theatre, and books

The book came out last year [to](bold) great [critical acclaim](bold)(=critics said it was very good).

这本书去年出版，受到高度评价。

Her first play was a [critical success](bold)(=critics said it was good).

她的第一部剧本受到好评。


critically

so ill or so badly injured that you might die

Ten people died and thirty were critically injured in a rail crash yesterday.

在昨天的火车相撞事故中，有十人死亡，三十人重伤。

She is still critically ill in hospital.

她在医院里，病情仍然危险。

The success of the project depends critically on the continuation of this funding.

该项目的成功很大程度上依赖于这笔资金的持续提供。

This is a [critically important](bold) meeting.

in a way that is very serious and worrying

Food supplies are at a critically low level.

in a way that shows you are criticizing someone or something

He has spoken critically of the government’s refusal to support the industry.

他谈到政府拒绝支持这个行业时颇有微词。

thinking about something and giving a careful judgment about how good or bad it is

We teach students to [think critically](bold) about the texts they are reading.

我们教学生要带着批判性思维去阅读课文。

The play was [critically acclaimed](bold)(=praised by critics) when it opened in London last month.

这出戏上个月在伦敦公演时受到好评。


criticism

This decision attracted heavy criticism from environmental groups.

The prison system has been the object of fierce criticism.

As a politician, you have to get used to public criticism.

(=aimed at improving something or someone in a helpful way)

Praise and constructive criticism are both very useful.

There was widespread criticism of his speech.

The government was faced with mounting criticism at home and abroad.

I was surprised by his outspoken criticism of the system.

(=suggested indirectly, rather than said openly)

She sensed the implied criticism in his remarks.

The plan has drawn criticism from some groups.

come under criticism/come in for criticism

The deal came under fierce criticism from other American airlines.

His theory met with harsh criticism from colleagues.

He has often faced criticism in the local press.

Very few people know how to accept criticism.

A great deal of criticism was levelled at the company.

(=to criticize one person, organization etc specifically)

The goalkeeper was singled out for criticism.

be the subject of criticism/be subjected to criticism

The club has been the subject of criticism since last October.

Management have decided this and I don't think they're open to criticism.

(=to react to criticism, often in a bad way)

He was highly sensitive to criticism in the press.

His comments provoked a barrage of criticism.

remarks that say what you think is bad about someone or something

My main criticism of the scheme is that it does nothing to help families on low incomes.

我对该计划的主要批评意见是，它对低收入家庭而言毫无帮助。

Despite [strong criticism](bold), the new system is still in place.

尽管遭到了猛烈的批评，新制度依然原封不动。

There has been [widespread criticism](bold) of the decision.

这一决定受到了普遍的批评。

We try to give students [constructive criticism](bold).

我们设法对学生提出有建设性的批评。

Another [criticism levelled at](bold) him was that his teaching methods were old-fashioned.

还有一个针对他的批评是，他的教学方法已经过时。

The government’s economic strategy has [attracted](bold) a lot of [criticism](bold).

政府的经济政策招致了大量的批评。

You must learn to [accept criticism](bold).

Many employees find it hard to [take](bold) even mild [criticism](bold).

有许多员工甚至连轻微的批评也很难接受。

His actions [provoked](bold) severe [criticism](bold) from civil rights groups.

他的行为招致了民权组织的严厉批评。

the [storm of criticism](bold) that followed his announcement

writing which expresses judgments about the good or bad qualities of books, films, music etc

〔对书、电影、音乐等的〕评论


criticize

to say what you think is bad about someone or something

He was criticized for not being tough enough with the terrorists.

It’s easy to criticize, but not so easy to offer helpful solutions.

to criticize someone or something, especially by giving detailed reasons for this

The report was highly critical of the police investigation.

The press have been critical of his leadership style.

to criticize someone or something very strongly, especially publicly in the newspapers, on TV etc

They attacked the government’s decision to undertake nuclear weapons tests.

to criticize someone very strongly for something they have done, especially by shouting at them

He started laying into one of his staff for being late.

to find a lot of things wrong with someone’s arguments or ideas and make them seem very weak

The prosecution will tear him to shreds.

to strongly criticize a film, play etc in the newspapers, on TV etc

Her first movie was panned by the critics.

to be strongly criticized by a lot of people in the newspapers, on TV etc

He was pilloried in the right-wing press.

to say very strongly in public that you do not approve of something or someone, especially because you think they are morally wrong

Politicians were quick to condemn the bombing.

to criticize things that you think are wrong with something, especially small and unimportant things

He’s quick to find fault with other people’s work.

to criticize something by finding many small faults in it, in a way that seems unreasonable and unfair

Why are you always picking holes in my work?

to criticize someone or something, in an unfair and unreasonable way

I know it’s fashionable to knock Tony Blair, but I think he did a good job.

to criticize someone in an unfair and unpleasant way

He’s always slagging you off behind your back.

Public transport has been severely criticized in the report.

His attorney sharply criticized the police yesterday.

The head coach publicly criticized the referee’s decision.

Their research has been roundly criticized.

They openly criticized the government’s handling of the crisis.

The fashion industry is frequently criticized for presenting extremely thin models as beautiful.

Some groups were quick to criticize the president.

The survey was criticized on the grounds that the sample was too small.

to express your disapproval of someone or something, or to talk about their faults

Ron does nothing but criticize and complain all the time.

罗恩什么也不干，只是一味指责和抱怨。

The decision has been strongly criticized by teachers.

这一决定遭到了教师的强烈批评。

The new law has been [widely criticized](bold).

这项新法律受到了广泛的批评。

He has been criticized for incompetence.

他因为工作不称职而受到了批评。

Doctors have criticized the government for failing to invest enough in the health service.

医生批评政府没有在卫生服务上投入足够的资金。

The report has been criticized as inaccurate and incomplete.

这份报告被批评为既不准确又不完整。

to express judgments about the good and bad qualities of something

We look at each other’s work and criticize it.

我们交换作品，互相提出批评意见。


critique

a detailed explanation of the problems of something such as a set of political ideas

对他作品的一篇重要的新评论

有关现代经济理论的一篇评论文章


critique

to say how good or bad a book, play, painting, or set of ideas is

评论〔书、戏剧、画作或观点等〕

他提出要对我们的计划作评论。


crocodile

a large reptile with a long mouth and many sharp teeth that lives in lakes and rivers in hot wet parts of the world

the skin of this animal, used for making things such as shoes

a long line of people, especially school children, walking in pairs

两人一排纵列行进者〔尤指小学生〕

if someone sheds crocodile tears, they seem sad, sorry, or upset, but they do not really feel this way


crook

那些骗子穿过公园跑掉了。

a long stick with a curved end, used by people who look after sheep


crook

if you crook your finger or your arm, you bend it


crooked

bent, twisted, or not in a straight line

他双唇一抿，不自然地笑了。


crop

Many crops are grown from seed every year.

Farmers burn their fields in preparation for planting crops.

Brazil's coffee crop begins to be harvested in May.

The land is so poor that much of the seed will not produce a crop.

(=regularly change the crops grown on a piece of land)

When disease destroyed the crop, famine followed.

(=does not grow or produce food properly)

The drought meant the crops failed and food was scarce.

In January farmers prepare the ground for the potato crop.

The demand for ethanol has reduced the amount of corn grown as a food crop.

Cotton is grown as a cash crop in the savannah.

A lot of woodland has been cleared for arable crops.

(=ones that have had their genetic structure changed)

He argues that genetically modified crops are needed to avoid future famines.

(=an important one that forms a big part of people's diet)

Cocoa is the country's main export crop.

The area is mostly unsuitable for crop production.

Ethiopia's 1989 crop failure was disastrous.

The storms caused crop damage across the country.

Crop rotation helps build up soil fertility.

a plant such as wheat, rice, or fruit that is grown by farmers and used as food

the amount of wheat, rice, fruit etc that is produced in a season

Fruit growers are gathering in a [bumper crop](bold)(=a very large amount of something produced in a season).

果农正在采摘丰收的果实。

a group of people who arrive or things that happen at the same time

同时到达的某群人／同时发生的某些事

South Korea’s present crop of elected politicians

the part under a bird’s throat where food is stored

hair that is short, thick, and attractive

一头漂亮的粗短黑发/金色鬈发等

他那头略带红色的闪亮短发


crop

[past tense and past participle](italic) [cropped](bold) [present participle](italic) [cropping](bold)

Stella’s had her hair [closely cropped](bold).

to cut a part off a photograph or picture so that it is a particular size or shape

if an animal crops grass or other plants, it makes them short by eating them

if a plant crops, it produces fruit, grain etc

〔植物〕结果，结穗，有收成

我的草莓在六七月份有收成。


cross

[dot the i’s and cross the t’s](bold) at → [dot](->dot) 2 sense 4 [cross the Rubicon](bold) at → [Rubicon](->Rubicon)

to go or stretch from one side of something such as a road, river, room etc to the other

[cross (over) the road/street/river etc](bold)

It’s easy to have an accident just crossing the road.

单是过马路也容易发生意外事故。

He was hit by a car when he tried to cross over the road near Euston station.

他在尤斯顿车站附近过马路时被一辆汽车撞倒了。

[cross the Atlantic/the Channel etc](bold)

the first steamship to cross the Atlantic

if you cross a line, track etc, you go over and beyond it

穿过，越过，跑过〔终点线、小径等〕

He raised his arms in triumph as he crossed the line for his 100-metres win.

他以胜利的姿态高举双手跑过终点线，赢得了这场百米赛。

if two or more roads, lines, etc cross, or if one crosses another, they go across each other

（与 …）交叉，（与 …）相交

The by-pass crosses Wilton Lane shortly after a roundabout.

这条旁道绕过环岛后不久就和威尔顿巷相交。

if you cross your legs, arms, or ankles, you put one on top of the other

She was sitting on the floor with her legs crossed.

if you say that an idea, thought etc never crossed your mind, you mean that you did not think of it

〔想法、思想等〕从某人脑中掠过，在某人脑际一闪而过

[It didn’t cross](bold) her [mind that](bold) she might be doing something illegal.

她没有想到自己在做的可能是犯法的事。

[the thought has (never) crossed my mind](bold)(=used to tell someone you have thought of the thing they are suggesting, or have never thought of it)

if an expression crosses someone’s face, it appears on their face

某人脸上掠过〔某种表情〕

used to say that you hope something will happen in the way you want

She hung the washing out, then crossed her fingers for a dry day.

她把洗好的衣物挂了出去，心里祈求天别下雨。

The exam’s at two. Will you keep your fingers crossed for me?

两点钟考试，你为我祈祷好吗？

to mix two or more different breeds of animal or plant to form a new breed

a flower produced by crossing several different varieties

由几个不同品种杂交而成的一种花卉

These cattle were crossed with a breed from the highlands.

这些牛和来自苏格兰高地的一种牛进行了杂交。

if two people’s paths cross, or if they cross paths, they meet, usually without expecting it

两人不期而遇，两人偶然相遇

If our paths crossed I usually ignored her.

如果我和她在路上偶遇，我一般都不理睬她。

我们直到2001年才偶然重逢。

used to say that you will not think or worry about something until it actually happens

船到桥头自然直；临机应变

used to say that you promise that you will do something, or that what you are saying is true

我保证；我发誓（否则就不得好死）

to make someone angry by opposing their plans or orders

谁要是和他作对，他就恨谁。

to kick, throw, or hit the ball across the playing area in a sport such as football,hockey etc

〔在足球、曲棍球等运动中〕横传〔球〕

to draw two lines across a cheque to show that it must be paid into the bank account of the person whose name is on it

在〔支票上〕画两条平行线〔表示该支票必须转入受款人的银行账户〕

if two letters about the same subject cross in the post, each was sent before the other was received

〔关于同一主题的两封来往信件〕相互错过，相互交错

（与某人）争论[辩论]，（与某人）交锋

I’ve crossed swords with him on a number of issues.

我在一些问题上和他有过争论。

to move your hand across your upper body in the shape of a cross as a sign of the Christian faith

用手在胸前画十字〔为基督教信仰的象征〕

to give money to someone when you want them to tell your fortune


cross

[the sign of the Cross](bold) at → [sign](->sign) 1 sense 10

a mixture of two things, breeds, or qualities

The tour manager’s role is a cross between hostess and courier.

这位女领队的角色既是陪同，又是导游。

Their dog is a cross between two well-known breeds.

他们的狗是两个知名品种的杂交。

a mark (x or +) used on paper, to represent where something is, or where something should be

〔在纸上标出所在位置的〕十字标记，叉号

I’ve [put](bold) a [cross](bold) on the map to mark where our street is.

我在地图上画了个十字记号，标出我们街道的位置。

a mark (x) used on paper to show that something that has been written or printed is not correct

My homework got a lot more ticks than crosses.

我的家庭作业钩比叉多很多。

a mark (x or +) used by someone who cannot write, in order to sign their name

〔不识字的人签名时画的〕十字押

Christians believe that Jesus died on the cross for our sins.

基督徒相信耶稣基督为了替我们赎罪而死在十字架上。

an object, picture, or mark in the shape of a cross, used as a sign of the Christian faith or for decoration

〔代表基督教信仰或作装饰用的〕十字架

保利娜戴着一个小小的金十字架。

an upright post of wood with another crossing it near the top, that people in the past were fastened to with nails and left to die on as a punishment

〔旧时处死犯人用的〕十字架

a decoration in the shape of a cross that is given to someone as an honour, especially for military courage

a kick or hit of the ball in a sport such as football,hockey etc, that goes across the field

〔足球、曲棍球等运动中的〕横传

a way of hitting someone in the sport of boxing, in which your arm goes over theirs as they try to hit you

He caught his opponent with a [right cross](bold) to the chin.

他一记右勾拳打在对手的下巴上。

if you describe something as the cross that someone has to bear, you mean it is a problem that makes them very unhappy or worried, and that continues for a long time

〔长期持续的〕烦恼，磨难

I feel sorry for you, but we all [have](bold) our [crosses to bear](bold).

我为你感到难过，但是我们每个人都有不愉快的事情。


cross

[adj](bold) <[usually before noun](bold)> ([especially BrE](special))

She gets cross when he goes out drinking.

Sometimes I get very cross with the children.

有时候孩子们让我非常恼火。

被人打断了话，她很生气。


crossing

a place where you can safely cross a road, railway, river etc

〔道路、铁路等的〕（人行）横道；〔河流的〕渡口

You must give way to any pedestrians on the crossing.

必须让人行横道上的行人先行。

→ [level crossing](->level crossing) → [pedestrian crossing](->pedestrian crossing) → [pelican crossing](->pelican crossing) → [zebra crossing](->zebra crossing)

a place where two lines, roads, tracks etc cross

a journey across the sea, a lake, or a river

〔海、湖或河上的〕横渡，横越

→see THESAURUS at [journey](->journey) 1


crossroads

a place where two roads meet and cross each other

a time when someone has to make very important decisions which will affect their future

〔人生作出重大决定的〕关键时期，转折点

Now farming is at a crossroads in the European Community.

如今欧盟的农业正处在转折点。

The city was ideally situated at the crossroads to the great trade centres of Europe.

这座城市地处理想位置，是通往欧洲各大贸易中心的要冲。


crosswalk

a specially marked place for people to walk across a street


crossword

also: [=crossword #puzzle](bold)  [n](bold) <[C](bold)>

a word game in which you write the answers to questions in a pattern of numbered boxes

纵横字谜，纵横填字（游戏）

I like to sit down and [do](bold) the [crossword](bold).

我喜欢坐下来做纵横字谜游戏。


crouch

[crouch](bold) n. <C> eg: She dropped to the ground in a crouch.

to lower your body close to the ground by bending your knees completely

He crouched in the shadows near the doorway.

他蹲在门道近旁的阴暗处。

Paula crouched down and held her hands out to the fire.

葆拉蹲下来，把手伸向火堆。

to bend over something so that you are very near to it


crowd

a large number of people together in one place

The exhibition is expected to attract large crowds of visitors.

a crowd of noisy and violent people who are difficult to control

a very large crowd which is not moving and which is very difficult to move through

a large crowd of people, especially people who are behaving in a way that you disapprove of or that annoys you

a crowd of people – used especially when you are talking about a crowd of people who move from one place to another

The public came in droves to see the event.

A great throng had gathered to listen to his speech.

a large group of people of the same type, especially when they have a leader

A flock of children were being shown through the museum.

a group of people of the same type, especially a group you do not approve of

a large crowd of people who are moving quickly in many directions in a very uncontrolled way

a crowd of people who are pressed close together

There was such a crush on the Metro this morning.

a very large number of people, especially ordinary people

The Emperor came out to speak to the multitude.

A large crowd had gathered to watch the procession go past.

The crowd cheered as the team came onto the pitch.

As the band appeared the crowd roared in approval.

Police officers began to lose control and the crowd surged forward.

Seeing there would be no more entertainment, the crowd began to disperse.

A crowd lined the street to catch a glimpse of the president.

The ceremony is expected to draw a crowd of more than 1,000.

(=make a lot of people come to something)

(=make a crowd go away in different directions)

A few warning shots were fired in an attempt to disperse the crowd.

(=join a crowd to be social or in order not to be noticed)

The actors went outside to talk to and mingle with the crowd.

A big crowd is expected tomorrow for the final match.

There was a good crowd on the first night of the show.

(=the maximum number of people that a place can hold)

The band performed brilliantly to a capacity crowd.

(=one that has bought all the tickets for something)

The team won in front of a sellout crowd of 17,765.

They were playing before a record crowd of 50,000.

As usual there was a bumper crowd at the festival.

I pushed my way through the crowd of people.

(=of people who stop to watch something that is happening)

A crowd of onlookers had gathered to see what all the fuss was about.

a large group of people who have gathered together to do something, for example to watch something or protest about something

一群30,000人的观众

There were crowds of shoppers in the street.

街上有成群成群的购物者。

A vast [crowd gathered](bold) in the main square.

主广场上聚集了一大群人。

She [mingled with the crowd](bold) of guests, exchanging greetings.

她穿梭在宾客中间和他们打招呼。

Saturday’s game was watched by a [capacity crowd](bold)(=the maximum number of people that a sports ground etc can hold).

Troops fired tear gas and shots to [disperse](bold) a [crowd](bold) of 15,000 demonstrators.

军队发射催泪弹并开枪来驱散15,000名示威群众。

a group of people who know each other, work together etc

〔互相认识、一起工作等的〕一群人，一伙人，一帮人

I didn’t know him; he wasn’t one of the usual crowd.

我不认识他，他不是平时那一群人里的。

You have to do things exceptionally well to [stand out from the crowd](bold)(=be different from ordinary people).

你必须干得非常出色才能脱颖而出。

He wanted to go unnoticed, to be [one of the crowd](bold).

他想默默无闻地做个普通人。


crowd

if people crowd somewhere, they gather together in large numbers, filling a particular place

Hundreds of people crowded into the church for the funeral.

数百人拥进教堂参加葬礼。

the rapid spread of infection in areas where people are crowded together

传染病在人群聚集的地方迅速蔓延

if people or things crowd a place, there are a lot of them there

Range after range of mountains crowd the horizon.

if thoughts or ideas crowd your mind or memory, they fill it, not allowing you to think of anything else

〔想法或观点〕塞满〔脑子〕

Strange thoughts and worries were crowding his mind.

他脑子里满是奇怪的想法和忧虑。

to make someone angry by moving too close to them

挤，逼近〔因而把人激怒〕

Stop crowding me – there’s plenty of room.

to make someone angry or upset by making too many unfair demands on them

〔用太多不合理的要求〕催促，催逼〔因而使人生气或不快〕


crowded

The train was very crowded, and we had to stand.

火车很挤，我们只好站着。

The narrow roads were crowded with holiday traffic.

狭窄的道路上挤满了度假的车流。


crown

a circle made of gold and decorated with jewels, worn by kings and queens on their heads

a circle, sometimes made of things such as leaves or flowers, worn by someone who has won a special honour

The treaty of Troyes made Henry V heir to the crown of France.

《特鲁瓦条约》使亨利五世成了法国王位继承人。

Questioning the authority of the Crown was considered an act of treason.

质疑王权被视为叛国之举。

the government of a country such as Britain that is officially led by a king or queen

He has retired from the service of the Crown.

auburn hair piled high on the crown of her head

高高盘在她头顶的红褐色头发

the top of a hill or something shaped like a hill

They drove to the crown of Zion hill and on into town.

他们开车到达锡安山的山顶，然后继续往前进城。

The masonry at the crown of the arch is paler than on either curve.

拱顶石的颜色比两边曲面的要淡。

the position you have if you have won an important sports competition

冠军称号，冠军宝座，桂冠

她能保住温布尔登的冠军宝座吗？

He went on to win the [world crown](bold) in 2001.

他接着在2001年又赢得了世界冠军称号。

the standard unit of money in some European countries

克朗〔欧洲一些国家的本位货币单位〕

an old British coin. Four crowns made a pound.

克朗〔英国旧时硬币，四克朗为一英镑〕

a mark, sign, badge etc in the shape of a crown, used especially to show rank or quality

王冠状物〔标记、符号、徽章等，尤用于表示等级或质量〕


crown

to place a crown on the head of a new king or queen as part of an official ceremony in which they become king or queen

路易于814年在兰斯加冕。

1896年尼古拉加冕为沙皇。

to give someone a title for winning a competition

她封冠温布尔登网球锦标赛。

to make something perfect or complete, by adding an achievement etc

〔通过增添成就等〕使圆满成功，完善

a long career crowned with a peaceful retirement

以平静的退休生活圆满告终的漫长的职业生涯

every hill is crowned with a walled village

每座山的山顶上都有一个加了围墙的村子。

to put a protective top on a damaged tooth


crucial

Parents play a crucial role in preparing their children for adult life.

Good leadership is of crucial importance in motivating staff.

Technology has an absolutely crucial role in modern medicine.

His appointment was to prove crucial to the organization’s success.

Logging remains crucial to the country’s economy.

The city was regarded as crucial to the area’s defence.

The cost of the project is the crucial factor.

This was a crucial point in our relationship.

She seemed to be trying to avoid the crucial question.

The study of consumer behaviour is a crucial issue in marketing.

There is a crucial difference between the British and American attitudes.

At the crucial moment, he withdrew the support of the army.

The peace talks are now at a crucial stage.

Choosing a career is a crucial decision to make.

The government did not publicize this crucial information.

The prosecution had forgotten one piece of crucial evidence.

something that is crucial is extremely important, because everything else depends on it

→see THESAURUS at [important](->important)

This aid money is crucial to the government’s economic policies.

这笔援助金对政府的经济政策至关重要。

The work of monks was crucial in spreading Christianity.

修道士的工作对传播基督教起了关键性的作用。

The city of Mycenae played a crucial role in the history of Greece.

迈锡尼城在希腊历史上起过非常重要的作用。

The conservation of tropical forests is [of crucial importance](bold).


crude

[crudely](bold) adv. eg: crudely built shacks

not exact or without any detail, but generally correct and useful

a crude estimate of the population available for work

not developed to a high standard, or made with little skill

offensive or rude, especially in a sexual way

粗俗的，粗鄙的，下流的〔尤指有关性的〕

crude oil, rubber etc is in its natural or raw condition before it is treated with chemicals

〔石油、橡胶等〕天然的，未加提炼的

Private morality, in crude terms, is not the law’s business.

简单地说吧，个人道德不属于法律范畴。


crude

also: [#crude =oil](bold)  [n](bold) <[U](bold)>

oil that is in its natural condition, as it comes out of an oil well, before it is made more pure or separated into different products


cruel

[cruelly](bold) adv. eg: He was cruelly neglected by his parents.

deliberately hurting people or making them suffer

It was cruel to lock the dog in the garage all day.

Her father had been very cruel to her when she was a child.

not feeling any pity and not caring about other people or their problems

He was cold and heartless and had no concern for the welfare of his employees.

getting pleasure from making other people suffer

extremely cruel, in a way that shocks people

very violent and cruel, especially by suddenly attacking someone and causing injury to them

very cruel and violent, in a way that shows no human feelings

the brutal methods used by the secret police

inhumane conditions, treatment etc are not considered acceptable because they cause too much suffering

a cold-blooded murder, attack etc is done without showing any feeling or pity for the person who is attacked. A cold-blooded killer kills people without showing any pity

a woman's cold-blooded murder of her devoted husband

有时候生活似乎残酷得让人无法承受。

这话说得刻毒了，很不得体。

to do something to someone that will make them upset or unhappy in order to help them in another way


cruelty

behaviour or actions that deliberately cause pain to people or animals

The children had suffered cruelty and neglect.

这些孩子遭受虐待，无人照管。

There was a hint of cruelty in Brian’s smile.

布赖恩的微笑里流露出一丝残暴。

The deliberate cruelty of his words cut her like a knife.

他故意说的那些刻薄话让她心如刀割。

the unfairness of something that happens


cruise

What about going on a cruise down the Nile?

We thought about taking a ten-day cruise in the Caribbean.


cruise

to sail along slowly, especially for pleasure

We were cruising in the Caribbean all winter.

整个冬天我们都在加勒比海乘船游览。

an evening spent cruising the River Seine

乘船游览塞纳河的一个夜晚

to move at a steady speed in a car, aircraft etc

〔汽车、航空器等〕以平稳的速度行驶[飞行]

We were cruising along at 50 miles per hour.

我们以每小时50英里的速度平稳行驶。

We fly at a [cruising speed](bold) of 500 mph.

我们以每小时500英里的巡航速度平稳飞行。

to drive a car slowly through a place with no particular purpose

They cruised up and down the coast road.

他们在滨海道路上开着汽车来回兜风。

to do something well or successfully, without too much effort

The horse cruised to a three-length win.

这匹马领先三个身位轻松获胜。

to go to a bar or other public place, looking for a sexual partner

（在酒吧等公共场所）寻觅性伴侣


crumble

[that’s the way the cookie crumbles](bold) at → [cookie](->cookie) sense 3

if something, especially something made of stone or rock, is crumbling, small pieces are breaking off it

古老的石筑部分逐渐崩塌。

to break apart into lots of little pieces, or make something do this

The Empire began to crumble during the 13th century.

这个帝国在13世纪时开始衰落。


crumble

a sweet dish of fruit covered with a dry mixture of flour, butter, and sugar and baked


crunchy

food that is crunchy is firm and makes a noise when you bite it – usually used to show approval

〔食物〕脆的，爽脆的〔一般含褒义〕


crusade

a determined attempt to change something because you think you are morally right

He seems to be running a one-man crusade against cigarette smoking.

他像是在单枪匹马进行反吸烟的运动。

one of a series of wars fought in the 11th, 12th, and 13th centuries by Christian armies trying to take Palestine from the Muslims

〔发生于11、12、13世纪的〕十字军东征


crusade

加入十字军东征；〔为某一事业〕奋斗

He continued to crusade for free education for all.

他为实现全民免费教育而继续奋斗。


crush

to press something so hard that it breaks or is damaged

Two people were [crushed to death](bold) in the rush to escape.

两个人在逃生过程中被踩死。

to press something in order to break it into very small pieces or into a powder

to use severe methods to stop people from fighting you or opposing you

几天之内这场革命就被镇压了。

crush sb’s hopes/enthusiasm/confidence etc

to make someone lose all hope, confidence etc

粉碎某人的希望/热情/信心等

to make someone feel extremely upset or shocked

萨拉因他们的侮辱而非常伤心。


crush

a crowd of people pressed so close together that it is difficult for them to move

There’s always such a crush on the train in the mornings.

早晨火车上总是那么拥挤。

a strong feeling of romantic love for someone, especially one that a young person has for someone older who they do not know well

〔尤指年轻人对年龄比自己大且并不熟识者的〕迷恋，痴情

She [had a](bold) huge [crush on](bold) her geography teacher.

那只是小女生的一种痴情。

someone who you have a feeling of romantic love for, but who you do not know well

〔不大熟识的〕热恋对象，痴情对象


crust

[earn a crust](bold) at → [earn](->earn) sense 1 → [upper crust](->upper crust)

the baked outer part of foods such as pies or pizzas

〔馅饼或比萨饼等的〕酥皮

a thin hard dry layer on the surface of something

〔某物的〕硬薄外层[表面]

A hard gray [crust](bold) had [formed](bold) on the bottom of the tea kettle.

茶壶底部结了一层灰色的垢。


cry

[not know whether to laugh or cry](bold) at → [laugh](->laugh) 1 sense 3 [cry for the moon](bold) at → [moon](->moon) 1 sense 4 [a shoulder to cry on](bold) at → [shoulder](->shoulder) 1 sense 5

Don’t cry – everything will be all right!

I cried my eyes out when I watched ‘Titanic’.

By the end of his story, we were all in tears.

You could see that she was close to tears.

His mother put her head on the table and wept.

I could hear someone sobbing in the next room.

The baby started wailing for its mother.

She began rocking to and fro, whimpering softly.

She told her story, struggling to hold back the tears.

if your eyes water, they have tears in them, for example because of smoke, wind, or when you are cutting onions

The man shouted at her and she burst into tears.

to start crying after trying hard not to cry, especially when talking about something very upsetting

He broke down and begged for forgiveness.

When I saw what had happened to him, I just broke down and cried.

The end of the book was so sad that it made me cry.

Eventually, he stopped crying and told me what happened.

I feel like crying every time I think about that day.

Lucy read the letter and cried her eyes out.

I cried like a baby when I heard the news.

People sat crying softly among the wreckage.

When I looked at Jane, I saw that she was crying silently.

I no longer felt brave or strong, and I began to cry bitterly.

They were crying uncontrollably at the sight of his grave.

[past tense and past participle](italic) [cried](bold) [present participle](italic) [crying](bold) [third person singular](italic) [cries](bold)

to produce tears from your eyes, usually because you are unhappy or hurt

楼上有个婴儿开始哭起来。

That film always [makes](bold) me [cry](bold).

I am too old to be crying over some young guy.

我已过了会为一个小伙子伤心哭泣的年纪了。

She could hear him crying for his mother.

[cry your eyes/heart out](bold)(=be extremely sad and cry a lot)

Oliver, alone, began to [cry bitterly](bold)(=cry a lot).

奥利弗独自一人，开始伤心地哭起来。

[cry yourself to sleep](bold)(=cry until you fall asleep)

It was painful, and made me [cry aloud](bold).

这很痛，痛得我大叫起来。

“那么再见了！”他向她喊道。

to waste time feeling sorry about an earlier mistake or problem that cannot be changed

It’s [no use crying over spilt milk](bold).

used when you feel annoyed or impatient with someone

岂有此理；天哪〔用于感到厌烦或不耐烦时〕

to protest because you think something is wrong or not fair

When the ads appeared, it was the Democrats’ turn to cry foul.

广告刊登以后，就轮到民主党抗议了。

if animals or birds cry, they make a loud sound

〔动物〕大声叫；〔鸟〕鸣叫

I could hear gulls crying and the soft whisper of the sea.

我听到海鸥在鸣叫，大海在低语。

to ask for help when you do not need it, so that people do not believe you when you really need help

喊狼来了；谎报险情，发假警报

to feel too much pity for yourself, especially because you think you have been treated unfairly

〔尤因受不公正待遇而〕感到十分委屈


cry

[be a far cry from sth](bold) at → [far](->far) 2 sense 5 [in full cry](bold) at → [full](->full) 1 sense 22 → [hue and cry](->hue and cry)

A rock was loose and he fell with a sharp cry of surprise.

A cry escaped her lips as he tightened his grip on her wrist.

The woman looked up and gave a cry of fear.

Seeing the fields and mountains, she let out a cry of delight.

The child gave a small cry and burst into tears.

With a great cry they charged into battle.

The girl gave a stifled cry of disappointment.

I thought I heard a muffled cry from somewhere in the building.

She gave an anguished cry, calling his name.

a loud sound expressing a strong emotion such as pain, fear, or pleasure

〔因疼痛、害怕或高兴等发出的〕叫喊声

The stone hit him on the forehead and he gave a sharp cry.

石头打在他的额头上，他尖叫了一声。

At last, there was a cry of ‘Silence!’, and everyone looked towards the door.

最后有人喊了一声“安静！”，大家都朝门口看去。

Fortunately, a passerby heard his [cries for help](bold).

幸运的是，有个过路人听到了他的呼救声。

a period of time during which tears come out of your eyes, usually because you are unhappy

〔常指不开心时的〕哭，哭泣

It’s good to [have a cry](bold) sometimes.

有时候哭一哭倒是有好处。

I felt much better after I’d had [a good cry](bold)(=cried for a long time).

我痛哭一场后感觉好多了。

something someone says or does that shows that they are very unhappy and need help

I think taking the pills was a cry for help.

我觉得服药是求助的一种表现。

a phrase that is used to unite people in support of a particular action or idea

‘Land and Liberty’ was the [rallying cry](bold) of revolutionary Mexico.

“土地和自由”是墨西哥革命的口号。

→ [battle cry](->battle cry) sense 1 → [war cry](->war cry)

〔某种动物的〕鸣叫声，吠声，嗥叫声


crystal

a small regular-shaped piece of a substance, formed naturally when this substance becomes solid

〔钟面或表面的〕透明盖片


cub

the baby of a wild animal such as a lion or a bear


cube

a solid object with six equal square sides

the number you get when you multiply a number by itself twice, for example 4 x 4 x 4 = 64, so the cube of 4 is 64

〔房间分隔出来的〕小室，小房间，小隔间


cube

使自乘两次，求 …的立方

将〔食物〕切成小方块［丁］