basis

the facts, ideas, things etc from which something can be developed

His work will be used as a basis for future research.

the thing on which something is based, especially something important that continues for a long time

Their ideas were the foundation for the political system that exists in the UK today.

How can we provide a solid foundation for world peace?

Honesty is the bedrock of any healthy relationship.

Labour’s traditional bedrock of support is among the working classes.

the most important thing that something depends on in order to be successful, especially in business and politics

Confidence is the cornerstone of our business.

NATO remains a cornerstone of defence policy for Europe.

This research will form the basis of a book.

The poem provided the basis for an interesting class discussion.

Some of these ideas became the basis for the Parents’ Educational Union.

The document will serve as a basis for negotiations.

(=create something from which something can be developed)

The agreement established a sound basis for international commerce.

Our constitution has a democratic basis.

Many of these rumours have no basis in fact.

Love and trust form a good basis for marriage.

Drama school may provide a sound basis for an acting career.

the facts, ideas, or things from which something can be developed

Their claim had no basis in fact (=it was not true).

他们的说法没有事实根据。

Bread [forms](bold) the [basis](bold) of their daily diet.

面包是他们日常饮食中的主食。

The video will [provide a basis](bold) for class discussion.

这段录像将是课堂讨论的基础。

because of a particular fact or situation

因为某事物，在某事物的基础上

the way that something happens, or the way that something is organized or done

〔发生、组织或完成的〕方式

[on a regular/daily/weekly etc basis](bold)(=regularly, every day, week, etc)

Board meetings are held on a weekly basis.

[on a voluntary/part-time/temporary etc basis](bold)

Nurses are employed on a full-time basis.


basket

[put all your eggs in one basket](bold) at → [egg](->egg) 1 sense 6 → [wastepaper basket](->wastepaper basket)

He threw her letter in the wastepaper basket.

Will you please put your socks in the laundry basket?

She paid for the apples and put them in her shopping basket.

He had a fruit basket sent up to her hotel room.

(=for putting plants in and hanging outside)

All the shops had hanging baskets outside their doors.

She stores her vegetables in pretty wicker baskets.

a container made of thin pieces of plastic, wire, or wood woven together, used to carry things or put things in

[clothes/laundry basket](bold)(=for dirty clothes)

a net with a hole at the bottom, attached to a metal ring, through which the ball is thrown in basketball

[make/shoot a basket](bold)(=to throw the ball through the basket)

the average or total value of a number of different goods or currencies

〔不同货物或货币的〕一组

the part of a website, often represented by a picture of a basket, where you collect things to buy


basketball

ˈbɑːskətbɔːl

a game played indoors between two teams of five players, in which each team tries to win points by throwing a ball through a net


bat

[as blind as a bat](bold) at → [blind](->blind) 1

a small animal like a mouse with wings that flies around at night

a long wooden stick with a special shape that is used in some sports and games

a round flat piece of wood with a handle, used to hit a ball in table tennis

to be the person who is trying to hit the ball in a game of baseball

to do something without being told to do it

She went to see a solicitor off her own bat.

I drove like a bat out of hell to the hospital.


bat

[past tense and past participle](italic) [batted](bold) [present participle](italic) [batting](bold)

to hit the ball with a bat in cricket or baseball

〔板球或棒球运动中〕用球板[棒]击（球）

to not seem to be shocked, surprised, or embarrassed

眼睛/眼皮都不眨一下；泰然自若，面不改色

They started talking about sex, but she didn’t bat an eyelid.

他们说起了男女之间的事，可她若无其事，连眼睛都不眨一下。

if a woman bats her eyes, she opens and closes them several times quickly, in order to look attractive to men

〔女人〕扑闪眼睛/挤眉弄眼〔为吸引男人〕

She’s been batting a thousand since she got that job.

她得到那份工作以后，一直一帆风顺。


batch

a group of people or things that arrive or are dealt with together

Every day another batch of papers reaches the manager, demanding his attention.

每天都有一批新的文件交到经理手里，要他处理。

a quantity of food, medicine etc that is produced or prepared at the same time

〔食物、药品等的〕一批生产量[投料量]

She was in the kitchen taking a batch of bread out of the oven.

她在厨房里把一批面包从烤箱里取出来。

a set of jobs that are dealt with together on a computer

批〔指计算机成批处理的作业〕


bath

→ [birdbath](->birdbath) → [bubble bath](->bubble bath) [throw the baby out with the bath water](bold) at → [throw](->throw) 1 sense 37

I had to get out of the bath to answer the phone.

It's easier to take a shower than a quick bath.

A long hot bath is a great way of relaxing.

She likes to destress by taking a bubble bath.

(=the time when someone, usually a child, has a bath)

The water coming out of the bath taps was freezing cold.

(=a substance that you put in a bath to make it smell nice)

Bath toys are great for babies who've just learned to sit.

[plural](italic) baths /bɑːðz, bɑːθs/ US /bæðz, bæθs/

if you take a bath, you wash your body in a bath

After a week of camping, I really needed a bath.

我露营了一个星期，实在得洗个澡了。

[have a bath](bold) BrE [take a bath](bold) AmE

I’ll [give](bold) the children their [bath](bold)(=wash them in a bath).

a large long container that you fill with water and sit or lie in to wash yourself

water that you sit or lie in to wash yourself

She [ran a bath](bold)(=put water into a bath).

a bathroom, used especially in advertising

浴室，卫生间〔尤用于广告中〕

All our luxury bedrooms have a private bath.

我们所有的豪华卧房都具备独立的卫生间。

a container full of liquid in which something is placed for a particular purpose

Plunge the fabric into a bath of black dye.

把织物投入黑色染料缸中。

a public building in which there is a swimming pool

a public building where people could go in the past to wash themselves

〔旧时的〕澡堂，公共浴室

赛伦塞斯特的罗马式公共浴室

to lose money, especially in a business deal

We took a bath in the market over that stock.


bathe

to wash yourself or someone else in a bath

I bathed, washed my hair, and got dressed.

我洗了澡，洗了头，然后穿上衣服。

He bathed the children and put them to bed.

他给孩子们洗了澡，然后把他们弄上床。

〔在海里、河里或湖里〕游泳

They bathed in the lake in the moonlight.

月光下，他们在湖里游泳。

In everyday English, people usually say [go for/have a swim](bold)  rather than [bathe](bold) :

They [went for a swim](bold) in the lake.

to wash or cover part of your body with a liquid, especially as a medical treatment

〔尤指为了治疗〕洗，浸，泡

She brought a bowl of water and began to bathe the injured arm.

她拿来一盆水，开始清洗受伤的手臂。

an area or building that is bathed in light has light shining onto it in a way that makes it look pleasant or attractive

〔地方或建筑物〕沐浴在光线/阳光等之中

The top of Pea Hill was bathed in brilliant sunshine.

豌豆山的山顶沐浴在灿烂的阳光中。


bathe

when you swim in the sea, a river, or a lake

〔在海里、河里或湖里的〕游泳


bathroom

a room where there is a bath or shower, a basin, and sometimes a toilet

I really need to [go to the bathroom](bold)(=use a toilet).


bathtub

a long large container that you fill with water and sit or lie in to wash yourself


battery

I'd left the headlights on and the battery was completely flat.

He could see the battery was low on his laptop.

Have you checked your mobile phone battery?

(=one that you can put more electricity in and use again)

You may need to change the battery in the smoke alarm.

It takes eight hours to fully recharge the battery.

I'll take the batteries out while I'm not using it.

(=a piece of equipment for charging batteries)

Don't forget to pack your battery charger.

You can plug your laptop in or use it on battery power.

(=how long a battery produces electricity)

A lot of children's toys are battery operated.

an object that provides a supply of electricity for something such as a radio, car, or toy

You have to take the top off to [change the batteries](bold).

你得把顶盖拿掉才能更换电池。

When the red light comes on, you should [recharge the battery](bold).

红灯亮起的时候你就应该给电池充电了。

一排［一组，一连串］某事物

a row of small cages in which chickens are kept, so that the farm can produce large numbers of eggs

在层架式鸡笼里饲养的母鸡

He was charged with [assault and battery](bold).

他被控企图伤害罪和殴击罪。

→ [assault and battery](->assault and battery)

to rest or relax in order to get back your energy

A week in the mountains should recharge my batteries.

在山里待一个星期，我的精力应该能恢复过来。


battle

The police are fighting a tough battle against crime.

Many areas around here are waging a constant battle against vandalism.

It’s essential to win the battle against inflation.

a brave little girl who lost her battle against cancer

Paul faces a frantic battle to be fit for the match in November.

For most people losing weight is an uphill battle.

He faces a tough battle to prove his innocence.

As a student, life was a constant battle against debt.

She was fighting a losing battle to stop herself from crying.

a fight between opposing armies, groups of ships, groups of people etc, especially one that is part of a larger war

〔尤指大型战争中的〕战斗，战役

battles between government forces and the rebels

a [pitched battle](bold)(=a long and serious battle) between police and drug gangs

警方和贩毒团伙之间的一场激战

a situation in which opposing groups or people compete or argue with each other when trying to achieve success or control

a fierce ratings battle between rival TV stations

相互竞争的电视台之间一场激烈的收视率大战

an ongoing battle with my mother about eating properly

我和母亲有关合理饮食的持续争论

an attempt to solve a difficult problem or change an unpleasant situation

a battle against the racism of the school system

一场反对学校种族歧视的斗争

Scientology has fought long battles for acceptance as a religion.

科学论派为使人们承认它是一种宗教而进行了长期的斗争。

to be a difficult or important part of what you have to do

Just getting an interview is half the battle.

只要得到面试机会就等于成功了一半。

a situation in which opposing sides try to win by using their intelligence

A good mystery story is a battle of wits between author and reader.

好的悬疑故事是作者和读者之间智慧的较量。

a situation in which opposing sides refuse to change what they want, in the hope that the other side will decide to change first

a battle of wills between teacher and student

to argue with someone or fight against someone

She walked into the room with her eyes blazing, ready to do battle.

她眼里燃着怒火走进房间，一副随时准备吵架的样子。

to argue with someone, or compete in a difficult situation, without having help from other people – used to show approval

It’s all right, Mum. I can fight my own battles.

没关系，妈妈，我自己能应付。

the relationship between men and women when it is considered as a fight for power

两性的较量〔指争夺权力〕

the act of trying to lose weight – used humorously

反肥战，减肥之战〔幽默用法〕


battle

to try very hard to achieve something that is difficult or dangerous

（与 …）斗争，（与 …）搏斗

a pressure group battling for better schools

为改善学校条件而斗争的压力团体

to keep fighting or opposing each other until one person or team wins


battlefield

also: [bat‧tle‧ground](bold) /bætlɡraʊnd/  [n](bold) <[C](bold)>

a place where a battle is being fought or has been fought

a subject that people disagree or argue a lot about

Education has become a political battleground.

教育问题已经变成了人们热烈争论的政治话题。

a place where an argument or disagreement happens, or where people are competing against each other

a battleground state during the election

选举期间竞争激烈的一个州


bay

a part of the sea that is partly enclosed by a curve in the land

能看到海湾全景的一幢房子

to prevent something dangerous or unpleasant from happening or from coming too close

阻止某事发生；使某物不能接近

一道厚实的墙挡住了声音。

an area within a large room or just outside a building that is used for a particular purpose

〔大房间里面或建筑物外面的〕专用空间

the part of a ship or plane where things are stored

a tree that has leaves that smell sweet and are often used in cooking


bay

if a dog bays, it makes a long high noise, especially when it is chasing something

〔尤指狗追捕时〕狂吠，长嚎

to make strong demands to get answers to questions or force someone to give you something

Reporters began [baying for](bold) the president’s [blood](bold)(=demanding that he be punished).

记者开始大声疾呼，要求惩罚总统。


bazaar

a market or area where there are a lot of small shops, especially in India or the Middle East

〔尤指印度或中东的〕市场，集市

an occasion when a lot of people sell different things to collect money for a good purpose


be

[past tense](italic) [was](bold) [past tense](italic) [were](bold) [past participle](italic) [been](bold) [present participle](italic) [being](bold) , first person singular [past tense](italic) [am](bold) , second person singular and plural [past tense](italic) [are](bold) [third person singular](italic) [is](bold)

used with a present participle to form the continuous4 tenses of verbs

我工作的时候不要打扰我。

used with past participles to form the passive

〔和过去分词构成被动语态〕

昨天有人告诉了我这件事。

The flames could be seen several miles away.

熊熊的火焰在几英里以外都能看见。

The police should have been informed about this.

used to talk about arrangements for the future

将要做某事〔用于表示将来的安排〕

Audrey and Jimmy are to be married in June.

奥德丽和吉米将在六月份结婚。

Two men are to appear in court on charges of armed robbery.

两名男子因被控持械抢劫将出庭受审。

used to give an order or to tell someone about a rule

必须做某事〔用于下命令或告知规则〕

You are to wait here in this room until I return.

你必须留在这个房间里直到我回来。

used to say or ask what someone should do or what should happen

应该做某事〔用于指明或询问某人应该做什么或应该会发生什么事〕

应该做某事〔用于询问某事可以怎么做〕

How are we to get out of the present mess?

我们该如何摆脱目前的困境呢？

used to say that something can be seen, found, or heard somewhere

A large range of species are to be seen in the aquarium.

水族馆里可以看到许许多多不同种类的物种。

We searched everywhere but the ring [was nowhere to be found](bold)(=could not be found).

我们找遍了所有地方，却怎么都找不到那枚戒指。

The only sound to be heard was the twittering of the birds above us.

唯一能听到的声音就是鸟儿在我们头顶上的啁啾。

used when talking about a time in the past to say what happened later

后来发生某事〔用于谈及过去某时间之后发生的事〕

This discovery was to have a major effect on the treatment of heart disease.

这一发现后来对心脏病的治疗产生了重大影响。

used in conditional12 sentences about an imagined situation

Even if England were to win the next two matches, Germany would still be three points ahead.

即使英格兰队在接下来的两场比赛中都胜出，德国队也还是领先三分。

Were we to offer you the job, would you take it?

如果我们给你这份工作，你会接受吗？

used in conditional sentences to introduce an aim when you are saying what must be done in order to achieve it

〔用于条件句中引入目标〕

If we are to succeed in this enterprise, we shall need to plan everything very carefully.

我们若要做成这个项目，每一件事情都要认认真真地去计划。

used instead of ‘have’ to form the perfect3 tense of some verbs


be

[Be](bold)  is a linking verb. This type of verb links the subject of the sentence with an adjective or noun: The water was cold. Leeds is a city in the north of England.

used to say that someone or something is the same as the subject of the sentence

是〔表示某人或某事物与主语所指相同〕

The problem is finding the time to get things done.

问题是要抽出时间做这些事情。

Our aim was to reduce the number of accidents.

used to say where something or someone is

〔用于表示某物或某人在哪里〕

〔用于表示某事发生的时间〕

used to describe someone or something, or say what group or type they belong to

是〔描述某人或某物的特征或表示所属的群体或类型〕

She wants to be a doctor when she leaves school.

used to say that something exists or happens

有，存在〔表示某物存在或某事发生〕

‘I thought there was going to be a party.’ ‘No, there isn’t.’

“我以为要举行派对呢。”“没有派对。”

到十一月蕾切尔就三岁了。

〔用于表示某物属于某人〕

Whose is this bag? It isn’t mine and it isn’t Sarah’s.

这个包是谁的？不是我的也不是萨拉的。

used to talk about the price of something

‘How much are the melons?’ ‘The big ones are £2 each.’

“这甜瓜多少钱？”“大的两英镑一个。”

to be equal to a particular number or amount

used to say that even though you accept that something is true, it does not change a situation

‘He was only joking.’ ‘Be that as it may, silly remarks like that can do a lot of harm.’

“他不过是开个玩笑。”“即便如此，像这样的蠢话也会造成很大的伤害。”

What was once a great and powerful empire has effectively ceased to be.

这个曾经伟大而强盛的帝国实际上已经不复存在了。

to behave in a natural way, rather than trying to pretend to be different

不要太刻意——你该怎么样就怎么样吧。

to be behaving in a way that is unusual for you, especially because you are ill or upset

〔尤因为生病或不高兴〕不是正常的状况，状态不好

对不起——我今天上午状态不好。

the most important part of a situation or of someone’s life

首要的事情，最要紧的事情

For Jim, making money was the be-all and end-all of his job.

对吉姆来讲，挣钱是他工作中最要紧的事情。


beach

You use [on the beach](bold)  when thinking of the beach as a surface: I just wanted to lie on the beach and read a book. We played volleyball on the beach.
Don’t say: [in the beach](strike)

You use [at the beach](bold)  when thinking of the beach as a place: The kids are at the beach. We spent the day at the beach. You can go swimming at the beach. There is a café at the beach.
Don’t say: [in the beach](strike)

In the summer the beaches get very crowded.

The beaches on this side of the island are quieter.

Both resorts have small shingle beaches.

They anchored the boat off a rocky beach.

All around the coast of Lanzarote are long beaches of golden sand.

The house was beside a dazzling white beach.

(=owned by someone, so you need permission to use it)

I find it boring just lying on the beach all day.

They've gone to the beach for the weekend.

She loved to walk along the beach in the early morning.

She loves beach holidays, while he prefers city breaks.

This is one of the most popular beach resorts in Greece.

(=a small building on the beach for storing things such as swimming or sports equipment)

We watched the sun go down from the beach bar.

They spread out beach towels and opened parasols.

an area of sand or small stones at the edge of the sea or a lake

天气不错，可以去海滩玩。

我们的酒店就位于海滩边上。


beach

to pull a boat onto the shore away from the water

if a whale beaches itself or is beached, it swims onto the shore and cannot get back in the water


beacon

a light that is put somewhere to warn or guide people, ships, vehicles, or aircraft

a radio or radar signal used by aircraft or boats to help them find their position and direction

a person, idea etc that guides or encourages you

The education program offers a [beacon of hope](bold) to these children.

这项教育计划为这些儿童燃起了希望之光。

a fire on top of a hill used in the past as a signal


bead

one of a set of small, usually round, pieces of glass, wood, plastic etc, that you can put on a string and wear as jewellery

She wore a string of green glass beads around her neck.

她脖子上戴着一串绿色的玻璃珠子。

a small drop of liquid such as water or blood

〔液体的〕小珠子，小滴〔如水珠、血滴等〕

to aim carefully before shooting a weapon

〔射击前〕瞄准某人/某物


beam

[broad in the beam](bold) at → [broad](->broad) 1 sense 11

a line of light shining from the sun, a lamp etc

〔太阳、灯等的〕光束，光线

a line of light, energy etc that you cannot see

〔肉眼不可见的光、能量等的〕束，柱

a long heavy piece of wood or metal used in building houses, bridges etc

不正确的，错误的，不对头的

the widest part of a ship from side to side


beam

Sherman looked at his sons and beamed proudly.

谢尔曼看着儿子们，自豪地笑着。

麦克利什笑容满面地看着她。

to send a radio or television signal through the air, especially to somewhere very distant

发送〔无线电或电视信号〕

the first sports broadcast to be beamed across the Atlantic

首次向大西洋彼岸播送的体育节目

to send out a line of light, heat, energy etc

发（光）；发（热）；发射


bean

[spill the beans](bold) at → [spill](->spill) 1 sense 3 [not amount to a hill of beans](bold) at → [hill](->hill) sense 5 → [jelly bean](->jelly bean)

a seed or a podcase containing seeds, that comes from a climbing plant and is cooked as food. There are very many types of beans

a seed used in making some types of food or drinks

〔用于做某类食物或饮料的〕籽实

to not know anything or care at all about someone or something

（对某人/某物）一无所知/毫不关心


bean

to hit someone on the head with an object

〔用东西〕打〔某人〕的头部


bear

bear down
bear on/upon
bear out
bear up
bear with

He knew that he couldn’t bear the pain much longer.

Some people find it hard to bear the heat in the summer.

Mark couldn’t bear the pressure of the job any longer.

(=find something very difficult or upsetting to do)

He was so ashamed that he could hardly bear to look at her.

Fiona was unable to bear the thought of selling the house.

He sometimes felt the grief was more than he could bear.

(=be in the worst position and have to deal with it)

Shareholders will bear the brunt of the company’s financial troubles.

It was a horrible job but she had to grin and bear it.

[past tense](italic) [bore](bold) /bɔː/ US /bɔːr/ [past participle](italic) [borne](bold) /bɔːn/ US /bɔːrn/

to bravely accept or deal with a painful, difficult, or upsetting situation

She was afraid she wouldn’t be able to bear the pain.

她怕自己忍受不了这种痛苦。

Overcrowding makes prison life even harder to bear.

过度拥挤使监狱生活更加难以忍受。

Make the water as hot as you [can bear](bold).

把水温调到你能忍受的最高温度。

The humiliation was [more than](bold) he [could bear](bold).

这样的羞辱是他万万不能忍受的。

Black people continue to[ bear the brunt of](bold) most racial violence (=have to deal with the most difficult or damaging part).

在大多数种族暴力事件中，黑人仍然是首当其冲的受害群体。

Passengers could be insulting, and stewardesses just had to [grin and bear it](bold)(=accept it without complaining).

乘客有时会出言不逊，而乘务员只能微笑着默默忍受。

Experts were worried the financial system would not be able to [bear the strain](bold).

专家担心现行金融体系承受不了这样的压力。

In everyday English, people usually say that they [can’t stand](bold)  something, rather than that they [can't bear](bold)  it:

I [couldn’t stand](bold) the noise any longer.

to be so upset about something that you feel unable to accept it or let it happen

Please don’t leave me. I couldn’t bear it.

请你不要离开我，我受不了。

[can’t bear the thought of (doing) sth](bold)

I just can’t bear the thought of having to start all over.

我想都不敢想要从头开始。

我不能忍受再也见不到他。

to dislike something or someone very much, often so that they make you feel annoyed or impatient

He can’t bear people smoking while he’s eating.

他受不了有人在他吃饭的时候吸烟。

to remember a fact or piece of information that is important or could be useful in the future

记住（某事），把（某事）记在心里

Bear in mind that some children will need help.

记住，有些孩子需要帮助。

to be responsible for or accept something

Each company will bear half the costs of development.

两家公司将均摊开发费用。

Fares have gone up, perhaps to more than the market will bear.

票价上涨了，而且可能超出了市场的承受能力。

[bear the responsibility/blame etc](bold)

Developed countries bear much of the responsibility for environmental problems.

发达国家对环境问题负有主要责任。

支撑，承受，支承〔重量〕

My leg was painful, and I wasn’t sure it would [bear](bold) my [weight](bold).

我的腿痛，不知道能不能支撑住我的身体。

a tray bearing a bottle and several glasses

摆着一个瓶子和几个杯子的托盘

to have or show a sign, mark, or particular appearance, especially when this shows that something has happened or is true

带有〔某种标记或外观特征〕

The labels bear a yellow and black symbol.

标签上有一个黄黑两色的标记。

The town still [bears the scars](bold) of the bombings during the war.

城里依然可见战时轰炸留下的疮痍。

The store [bears the hallmarks](bold)(=it has the qualities) of a family-owned business.

这个商店有家族企业的特色。

to be similar to someone or something else

The child [bore a striking resemblance](bold) to his father.

这个孩子长得跟他父亲非常相像。

The things she says bear little relation to what she actually does.

She might never be able to bear children.

if a plan, decision etc bears fruit, it is successful, especially after a long period of time

〔尤指计划、决定等经过长时间之后〕有成果，成功

Charles’s diplomacy eventually bore fruit.

查尔斯的外交手段终于有了成效。

if a tree bears fruit, it produces fruit

to be suitable or good enough to be examined, compared, repeated etc without failing or being wrong

经得起〔检验、比较、重复等〕

The production figures did not [bear scrutiny](bold).

这个产量数据经不起推敲。

We believe our pupils’ results will [bear comparison](bold) with any in Scotland.

我们相信，我校学生的成绩堪与苏格兰任何一所学校的相比。

The story is well known, but it certainly [bears repeating](bold).

这个故事广为人知，但它无疑也经得起传诵。

used to say that something is so upsetting or shocking that you prefer not to think about it

The long-term consequences of a nuclear leak don’t bear thinking about.

核泄漏造成的长期后果不堪设想。

if a bank account,investment etc bears interest, the bank pays you a particular amount of money for keeping your money in the account

to carry someone or something, especially something important

The wedding guests arrived, bearing gifts.

参加婚礼的宾客带着礼物到来。

The US Constitution states that the people have a right to [bear arms](bold).

美国宪法上写明民众有权携带武器。

bring pressure/influence to bear (on sb/sth)

to use your influence or power to get what you want

（对某人/某事物）施加压力/影响

Unions can bring pressure to bear on governments.

工会可以对政府施加压力。

to show that something is true or exists

The empty workshops bear witness to the industrial past.

空空的工场见证了工业的历史。

to have a particular feeling, especially a bad feeling

怀有〔某种情感，尤指不好的情感〕

[bear (sb) a grudge](bold)(=continue to feel annoyed after a long time)

It was an accident. I don’t bear any grudges.

这是个意外，我并没有放在心上。

[bear sb no malice/ill will etc](bold)(=not feel angry)

He was just doing his job, and I bore him no malice.

他只是在做他的工作，我不怨他。

When you reach the fork in the trail, bear left.

走到小路分岔的地方时左转。

to walk, stand etc in a particular way, especially when this shows your character

if wind, water, or air bears something, it carries it somewhere

The sound of music was borne along on the wind.

具有，拥有〔名字或头衔〕

他的名字里加有“大”这个尊号。


bear

a large strong animal with thick fur, that eats flesh, fruit, and insects

→ [grizzly bear](->grizzly bear) → [polar bear](->polar bear) → [teddy bear](->teddy bear)

something that is very difficult to do or to deal with

to be rude to people because you are feeling bad-tempered

someone who sells shares or goods when they expect the price to fall

〔对股市或期货〕看跌的人，卖空的人


beard

hair that grows around a man’s chin and cheeks

something similar to a beard, such as hair growing on an animal’s chin

须状物〔如动物的颔毛等〕


beard

to go and see someone who has influence or authority, and tell them what you want, why you disagree with them etc

摸老虎屁股，老虎头上拍苍蝇，太岁头上动土〔指敢于当面责问有权势者〕


beast

an animal, especially a large or dangerous one

〔尤指大型或危险的〕野兽

性情凶残的人，畜生，禽兽

something of a particular type or that has a particular quality – usually used humorously

某种东西，具有某种特点的事物〔一般为幽默用法〕

A city at night is a very [different beast](bold).

夜晚的城市又别有一番景象。

the part of someone’s character that makes them experience hatred, strong sexual feelings, violence etc


beat

→ [beaten](->beaten) → [beating](->beating)

to get more points, votes etc than someone. [Beat ](bold) is used especially in spoken English

to beat someone. [Defeat](bold) is more formal than [beat](bold) and is used especially in writing

Of course, they totally creamed the other team.

to beat someone completely in a game or argument

She wiped the floor with her opponent in the debate.

They won a £1,000 prize after wiping the floor with the opposition in a bowling competition.

Jason easily beats me at chess every time we play.

New Zealand narrowly beat the Springboks in South Africa.

He comfortably beat the second placed candidate.

In each event she soundly beat her opponents.

He should be able to beat them all hands down.

There’s no point trying to offer excuses as to why we were so comprehensively beaten.

(=in a way that clearly shows someone deserves to win)

He was beaten into second place in the Monaco Grand Prix.

[past tense](italic) [beat](bold) [past participle](italic) [beaten](bold) /ˈbiːtn/

to get the most points, votes etc in a game, race, or competition

Labour easily beat the Conservatives in the last election.

工党在上一届选举中轻松击败保守党。

I beat him more often at pool than he beats me.

我和他打花式台球胜多负少。

[beat sb hollow](bold) BrE, [beat the pants off sb](bold) AmE(=defeat them easily)

to hit someone or something many times with your hand, a stick etc

photographs of rioters beating a policeman

The woman had been [beaten to death](bold) by her husband.

那女子已被丈夫殴打致死。

Two prisoners were [beaten unconscious](bold).

[beat sb black and blue](bold)(=hit someone until it makes marks on their body)

[beat the living daylights out of sb](bold)(=beat someone very hard)

to hit against something many times or continuously

〔多次或连续〕撞击，拍打

to do something better, faster etc than what was best before

The record set by Kierson in '84 has yet to be beaten.

The company’s profits are unlikely to beat last year’s £10 million.

公司不太可能突破去年一千万英镑的利润。

to be much better and more enjoyable than something else

Fresh milk beats powdered milk any time.

新鲜牛奶任何时候都比奶粉好。

‘Well,’ said Culley, ‘it beats going to the office.’

“好吧，”卡利说，“那总比到办公室去好。”

[You can’t beat](bold) swimming as a good all-body exercise.

游泳是再好不过的全身运动。

什么也比不上家里做的蛋糕。

For excitement, you just can’t beat college basketball.

要说刺激，没有什么可以跟大学篮球赛比。

to mix things together quickly with a fork or special kitchen machine

把鸡蛋搅一搅，然后加入牛奶。

一边拌，一边慢慢地加入糖。

Beat the butter and sugar together until fluffy.

把黄油和糖混在一起搅打至松软。

to successfully deal with a problem that you have been struggling with

the government’s long fight to beat inflation

政府为抑制通货膨胀所进行的长期斗争

when your heart beats, it moves in a regular rhythm as it pumps your blood

The average person’s heart beats 70 times a minute.

if you beat drums, or if drums beat, they make a regular continuous sound

击（鼓），打（鼓）；〔鼓〕敲响

if a bird beats its wings, or if its wings beat, they move up and down quickly and regularly

拍打〔翅膀〕；〔翅膀〕有节奏地拍动

if something or someone will take some beating, it will be difficult for anyone or anything to be or do better

Raikkonen has 42 points, which will take some beating.

Florida takes some beating as a vacation destination.

佛罗里达是个难得的度假胜地。

to avoid situations in which a lot of people are trying to do something, usually by doing something early

We left at four a.m. to beat the traffic.

我们凌晨四点就出发了，以避开交通拥堵。

Shopping by mail order lets you beat the queues.

Shop now and [beat the](bold) Christmas [rush](bold)!

欲购从速，避开圣诞高峰！

to get or do something before someone else, especially if you are both trying to do it first

John had beaten me to the breakfast table.

约翰抢在我前面跑到早餐桌边。

I wanted the last piece of pie, but somebody [beat](bold) me [to it](bold).

我想吃那最后一块馅饼，可是有人抢先一步拿走了。

They wanted to make it into a film, but another studio [beat](bold) them [to the punch](bold).

他们想把它拍成电影，可是被另一家电影公司捷足先登了。

to avoid or delay talking about something embarrassing or unpleasant

〔说话〕转弯抹角，旁敲侧击

Don’t beat around the bush. Ask for your account to be paid, and paid quickly.

别转弯抹角的，问清楚该给多少钱，马上把钱给了。

to find ways of avoiding or breaking the rules of an organization, system etc, in order to achieve what you want

Accountants know a few ways to beat the system.

会计知道一些钻制度空子的办法。

if people beat a path to your door, they are interested in something you are selling, a service you are providing etc

踏破某人的门槛〔指对某人出售的东西、提供的服务等感兴趣〕

The new design was supposed to have consumers beating a path to their door.

这款新的设计预计将会吸引大批顾客。

to leave somewhere or stop doing something very quickly, in order to avoid a bad situation

〔为避免困境〕（赶紧）溜走，（匆忙）撤退

He beat a hasty retreat when he spotted me.

他一看到我就赶紧溜走了。

to finish something very quickly, especially before a particular time

The company managed to beat the clock on delivering its new system.

公司终于提前发布了新的系统。

used to say that you do not know something, or cannot understand or explain it

我搞不懂他为什么要这么大的一辆车。

“他在说什么？”“我也搞不清楚。”

used to tell someone to leave at once, because they are annoying you or should not be there

used to show that you are surprised or annoyed by something

你相信吗？你能想到吗？〔表示惊讶或恼火〕

They’ve got eight children! Can you beat that?

他们有八个孩子！你能想到吗？

to think about something very hard and for a long time

I’ve been beating my brains out all week trying to finish this essay.

我整个星期都在搜肠刮肚，想写完这篇文章。

used when you decide to take part in something even though you disapprove of it, because everyone else is doing it and you cannot stop them

斗不过他们就随了他们，阻止不了就随大溜

to avoid being punished for something you have done

to make regular movements or sounds to show the speed at which music should be played

用指挥棒打拍子的乐队指挥

to make a path by walking over an area of land

Fresh lemonade is a great way to beat the heat.

喝新鲜柠檬水是解热的好办法。

to hit metal with a hammer in order to shape it or make it thinner

to force wild birds and animals out of bushes, long grass etc so that they can be shot for sport

将（猎物）赶出〔灌木丛、草丛等〕

to show clearly that you are very upset or sorry about something

捶胸顿足〔表示难过或愧疚〕


beat

one of a series of regular movements or hitting actions

〔连续有节奏的〕跳动，敲击

the main rhythm that a piece of music or a poem has

a subject or area of a city that someone is responsible for as their job

〔某人在工作中〕负责的领域，辖区

journalists covering the Washington beat

People like to see police officers on the beat.

人们愿意看到有警察在执勤巡逻。

one of the notes in a piece of music that sounds stronger than the other notes


beat

Come and sit down – you must be [dead beat](bold).

过来坐下吧，你肯定累坏了。


beautiful

If there is more than one adjective, the adjectives are usually used in a fixed order.

You say: It’s a beautiful old village.
Don’t say: [It’s an old beautiful village.](strike)

You say: He has beautiful brown eyes.
Don’t say: [He has brown beautiful eyes.](strike)

a beautiful woman or child has perfect good looks

a good-looking person looks nice. [Good-looking](bold) is very common in spoken English

He’s a good-looking guy, but he’s a bit boring.

an attractive person looks nice, especially in a way that makes you feel sexually interested in them

a pretty girl or woman looks nice – used especially about a woman who has a nice face

a handsome man or boy looks nice – used especially about a man who has a nice face. [Handsome](bold) is also sometimes used, especially in literature, to describe a woman who is good-looking and has a strong face

extremely attractive. [Gorgeous](bold) is used especially by women

You look absolutely stunning in that dress!

nice to look at – used about animals, babies, children, and young adults

used when saying that someone looks very nice

used to describe something that looks, feels, sounds etc so good that it gives you a lot of pleasure

used when saying that something looks, feels, or sounds very nice

pleasant to look at – often used about things that are not big or impressive

pleasant to look at. [Attractive](bold) sounds more formal than [pretty](bold)

an attractive white-painted cottage with green shutters

very big, beautiful, and impressive – used about buildings, objects, and views

There were magnificent views over the old city.

pleasant to look at – used in written descriptions of towns, buildings, and places

the picturesque harbour town of Castleton

Regensburg Cathedral occupies a picturesque position on the River Danube in Bavaria.

extremely beautiful and impressive – used especially about views

All around is a stunning view of Cape Town.

used to describe things that have very beautiful small details, especially things that have been made with a lot of skill

an exquisite picture of a bird of paradise

designed in a way that looks very attractive and has a lot of style

someone or something that is beautiful is extremely attractive to look at

She was even more beautiful than I had remembered.


beauty

the quality of being very attractive to look at – used about people, objects, and places

She was greatly admired for her beauty and intelligence.

The Ancient Greeks created statues of outstanding beauty and dignity.

someone’s attractive appearance, especially their face and features

With his dark good looks, Jason could have been a film star.

an exciting quality which makes someone or something seem attractive and connected with wealth and success

Men loved her for her beauty and her glamour.

Add a black lace top for a touch of glamour.

connected with beauty and the study of beauty

The aesthetic value of their work is easy to appreciate.

the declining aesthetic standards of our civilization

The aesthetic qualities in a Buddhist sculpture are similar to those in any other work of art.

a quality that people, places, or things have that makes them very attractive to look at

an area of outstanding [natural beauty](bold)

Millions of dollars are spent each year on [beauty products](bold).

每年都有上千万的钱花在美容产品上。

She was considered a great beauty in her youth.

a quality that something such as a poem, song, emotion etc has that gives you pleasure or joy

a particularly good quality that makes something especially suitable or useful

某事物的优点[好处，妙处]

The beauty of e-mail is its speed and ease of use.

电子邮件的好处就是快捷和便利。

a very good, large etc example of something

You should have seen the boat – a real beauty.

你应该看看那艘船——棒极了。

used to say that different people have different opinions about what is beautiful

情人眼里出西施；对美的判别因人而异

used to say that how someone looks is not as important as a good character

美貌只是一张皮，内在美比外在美更重要


because

bɪˈkɒːz, bɪˈkəz

You use [because ](bold)  at the beginning of a clause, when giving the reason for something: I was late because the traffic was bad.

In formal written English, don’t use [because ](bold)  at the beginning of a sentence.

You use [because of](bold)  before a noun, when giving the reason for something: I was late because of the traffic.
Don’t say: [because the traffic](strike)

used when giving the reason for something

The streets were flooded because of all the rain.

used to give the reason why something has happened. [Due to](bold) and [owing to](bold) are more formal than [because](bold)

The delay was due to a problem with the ship’s engines.

The parade had to be cancelled owing to bad weather.

because of something. [Through ](bold) is used especially when saying why someone succeeded or failed to do something

They won the game, more through luck than skill.

You failed that test through carelessness.

used when explaining that something good has happened because of someone’s efforts, or because something exists

Thanks to modern medicine, the disease can now be cured.

used when giving the reason why someone decides to do something or decides that something is true

We decided to go to the beach since it was a nice day.

I thought Kevin was out as his car wasn’t there.

because of a particular feeling or quality

He started reading the book out of curiosity.

used when you are giving the reason for something

We didn’t enjoy the day because the weather was so awful.

那天我们很不尽兴，因为天气实在太糟。

‘Why can’t I go?’ ‘Because you’re not old enough.’

“我为什么不能去？”“因为你年纪太小。”

Hubert never experienced any fear, and this was [partly because](bold) he was not particularly intelligent.

休伯特从来都没有害怕的感觉，部分原因是他这人不大聪明。

Many exam candidates lose marks [simply because](bold) they do not read the questions properly.

许多应试者失分只是因为没有好好读题。

I decided to go with them, [mainly because](bold) I had nothing better to do.

我决定和他们一起去，主要是因为我没有更好的事情可做。

used to say that, although one thing is true, it does not mean that something else is true

Just because you’re my brother doesn’t mean I have to like you!

你是我兄弟，那也不代表我一定得喜欢你呀！


because

used to say who or what causes something to happen or is the reason for something

他因为健康问题不得不退休。

We spent three hours waiting in the rain because of you!

因为你，我们在雨里等了三个小时！

In written English, people often prefer to use the expressions [due to](bold)  something, [owing to](bold)  something, or [as a result of ](bold) something, which sound more formal than [because of](bold)  something: Many businesses fail [due to](bold) cash-flow problems.


beckon

to make a signal to someone with your hand, to show that you want them to come towards you or to follow you

我看到我丈夫在向我招手。

She beckoned to the waitress to bring more wine.

她示意服务员再拿些酒来。

He beckoned us over and introduced us to his wife.

他招呼我们过去，把我们介绍给他的妻子。

if something such as a place or opportunity beckons, it appears so attractive that you want to have it

〔地方或机会〕引诱，吸引

if something beckons for someone, it will probably happen to them


become

[Become](bold)  is a linking verb. This type of verb links the subject of the sentence with an adjective or noun: It became more difficult. She hoped to become a lawyer.

to start to have a feeling or quality, or to start to develop into something

His parents became worried when he was late home from school.

Violent crime is becoming a major problem.

She became more confident when she joined a drama group.

to start to have a feeling or quality. [Get ](bold) is less formal than [become](bold) and is much more commonly used in everyday English

Make sure you’re home before it gets dark.

to become something – used about things becoming a different colour, or things or people becoming worse in some way

to become something – used about things becoming a different colour, or the weather or people’s behaviour changing

The weather is expected to turn cold again.

to become undone, loose, or separated into pieces

to become something completely different

The caterpillar changed into a beautiful butterfly.

[past tense](italic) [became](bold) /-ˈkeɪm/ [past participle](italic) [become](bold)

Slowly my eyes became accustomed to the darkness.

我的眼睛渐渐适应了黑暗。

Helen became increasingly anxious about her husband’s strange behaviour.

海伦越来越担心她丈夫的反常行为。

Pollution from cars has become a major problem.

汽车污染已成为严重的问题。

乔治在54岁时当上了国王。

When did you first want to become a teacher?

你最早是什么时候想要当一名教师的？

to be suitable for someone, or to look attractive on them

Don’t try to be clever – it doesn’t become you.

不要装聪明——这样跟你不相称。

what became of ... ? whatever will become of ... ?

used to ask what has happened to someone or something, especially when you have not seen them for a long time, or what will happen to someone that you are worried about

…怎么样了？ …会怎么样？

What became of those Chinese vases that Mum used to have?

妈妈以前的那些中国花瓶呢？

Whatever will become of Sam when his wife dies?

如果妻子死了，萨姆会怎么样呢？


bed

You use [ on the bed](bold)  when someone is not covered by sheets or blankets: He sat on the bed and took off his shoes. I lay on the bed and looked at the ceiling.

You use [in bed](bold)  when someone is covered with sheets or blankets: I spent the morning in bed.

You use [in the bed](bold)  to refer to a particular bed: There was no one in the bed.

I usually read for a bit after I get into bed.

Lucy climbed into bed and lay awake thinking.

We finally crawled into bed at three in the morning.

I jumped out of bed and ran over to the window.

His mother couldn’t get him out of bed in the mornings.

At the weekend it’s really nice to be able to stay in bed.

(=tidy the sheets and covers after you get up)

Don’t forget to make your bed before you go out!

You should change the beds at least once a fortnight.

I put the baby to bed at 7 o'clock as usual.

Guy had a stomach ache and took to his bed.

Would you like a double bed or twin beds?

(=two single beds joined together one above the other)

Come and stay any time – we have a spare bed.

I woke up to find someone standing at the foot of the bed.

She sat and sewed until it was time for bed.

She got into bed and turned out the light.

爸爸睡觉前要喝一杯威士忌。

→ [camp bed](->camp bed) → [four-poster bed](->four-poster bed) → [sofa bed](->sofa bed)

I came home and found him [in bed with](bold)(=having sex with) my best friend.

He wanted me to [go to bed with](bold) him.

He’s been trying to [get](bold) his secretary [into bed](bold).

She told me he was [good in bed](bold)(=a skilful lover).

the flat ground at the bottom of a river, lake, or sea

〔河、湖或海的〕底；（河）床

an area of a garden, park etc that has been prepared for plants to grow in

a layer of something that forms a base that other things are put on top of

an area at the edge of a river or in deeper water where things grow

〔有某物生长的〕河边；水底

The birds build their nests in reed beds along the river bank.

鸟儿把巢筑在河边的芦苇丛中。

([get up on the wrong side of the bed](bold) ([AmE](bold)) )

to feel slightly angry or annoyed for no particular reason

〔无缘由地〕情绪不佳，心情不好

not a happy, comfortable, or easy situation

不是一帆风顺，不是称心如意

Life isn’t always a bed of roses, you know.

要知道，人生并非总能事事如意。

you’ve made your bed and you must lie on it

used to say that you must accept the results of your actions, even if they are bad

自己铺的床自己躺；自作自受，自食其果

to complete a newspaper, magazine, or book, so that it is ready to be printed


bed

[past tense and past participle](italic) [bedded](bold) [present participle](italic) [bedding](bold)

to fix something firmly and deeply into something else

与 …上床〔发生性关系〕


bedroom

We have one single bedroom and two doubles.

I'd like to book a double bedroom for two nights, please.

Do you prefer a double or a twin bedroom?

The master bedroom has a view of the sea.

She set up a home office in the spare bedroom.

In my first year at university I had a really tiny study bedroom.

All the bedroom furniture was old and falling apart.

They’ve just bought a new four-bedroomed house in Edinburgh.

他们刚在爱丁堡买了一幢有四间卧室的新房子。

a look in your eyes that shows that you are sexually attracted to someone


bee

→ [spelling bee](->spelling bee) [the birds and the bees](bold) at → [bird](->bird) sense 3

a black and yellow flying insect that makes honey and can sting you

to think something is so important, so necessary etc that you keep mentioning it or thinking about it

一心想着（某事），念念不忘（某事）

Dad’s got a bee in his bonnet about saving electricity.

an occasion when people, usually women, meet in order to do a particular type of work

〔妇女聚在一起的〕缝纫会/缝被会等

She thought the party was just the bee’s knees.


beef

We have both dairy and beef cattle on the farm.

我们农场里奶牛和菜牛都有。

好了，这一次又有什么苦要诉？

used when you think someone’s promises sound good, but you want to know what they actually plan to do


beef

他们总是有这样那样的不满。


beep

[beep](bold) n. <C> eg: Leave your message after the beep.

if a machine beeps, it makes a short high sound

if a car horn beeps, or if you beep your car horn, it makes a loud noise

（使）〔汽车喇叭〕鸣响；按响


beer

→ [ginger beer](->ginger beer) → [root beer](->root beer) [small beer](bold) at → [small](->small) 1 sense 16

a general word for an alcoholic drink made from  and

a light-coloured beer, which often has a lot of bubbles in it

a type of beer which is usually sold in a bottle or a can

Beers and fine ales were brewed here for over a hundred years.

beer that is served from a large container rather than a bottle, especially good quality beer

The pub serves a range of draught beers.

beer that has been made in the, traditional way, not in a large factory

The pub has real ale and live music most nights.

a type of dark strong beer that is popular in Britain

a drink made of beer mixed with lemonade

His clothes were old and dirty, and he stank of cider.

He opened the fridge and got out a can of ice-cold beer.

(=taken from a large container, not served in a bottle)

We sell a wide selection of draught and bottled beers.

He had drunk two pints of strong beer before attempting to drive.

(=lower in alcohol or calories than normal beer)

(=old beer which has an unpleasant smell)

The hotel smelt of cigarette smoke and stale beer.

They rolled empty beer barrels along the street.

There were beer mats and an ashtray on the table.

He raised his beer glass and said 'Cheers!'

The barmaid brought over four foaming beer mugs.

(=special event where people can taste different types of beer)

He bought a barrel of beer for the party.

an alcoholic drink made from malt and hops

We sell [draught beer](bold)(=beer served from a large container, not a bottle).


before

You use the present simple with [before](bold)  to talk about a future event. Don’t use ‘will’. You say: I want to get home before it rains.
Don’t say: [before it will rain](strike)

earlier than a particular event or action

她去世的前几天我见过她。

so that something does not or cannot happen

Put that money somewhere safe before it gets stolen.

把那些钱放在安全的地方，以防被窃。

That dog ought to be destroyed before it attacks any more children.

那条狗应该宰掉，免得它伤害更多的孩子。

Before I could say anything more, Holmes had rushed off towards the station.

没等我把话说完，福尔摩斯已经匆匆离去，直奔车站了。

used to say that something happens after a period of time

It was several minutes before we realised what was happening.

几分钟以后我们才明白发生了什么事情。

It will be a while before we know the results.

我们要过一会儿才能知道结果。

used to say that something must happen in order for something else to be possible

在 …之前〔必须做某事〕， …之后才能

You have to pass a test before you can get a licence.

你得通过考试才能拿到执照。

used to warn someone that something bad will happen to them if they do not do something

要不然，否则〔表示警告〕

滚出去，要不然我叫警察了！

used to emphasize that someone does not want to do something

She would die before she would admit she was wrong.

她死也不肯承认自己有错。


before

She could read before she started school.

Please arrive at the airport two hours prior to departure.

The children are usually in bed by 9 o'clock.

We have to be out of our hotel room by 10 o'clock.

before now, or before the time you are talking about

I had sent the letter earlier in the week.

before now, or before a time in the past

The show starred a previously unknown actress called Jennifer Aniston.

before something happens – used especially when talking about the arrangements for something

Let me know in advance if you are going to be late.

The landlord wants three months’ rent in advance.

before something happens, especially so that you are ready

I wish we had known about all this beforehand.

It’s always best to decide beforehand how much you want to pay.

The new road should be completed before the end of the year.

这条新公路应该在年底前完工。

Let’s meet at our house before the show.

看演出前在我们家碰头吧。

Hugh arrived just five minutes before the ceremony.

休在仪式开始前五分钟才到。

I usually take a shower before having my breakfast.

我通常先洗个澡再吃早餐。

We only got back from Scotland [the day before yesterday](bold)(=two days ago).

我们前天才从苏格兰回来。

Other students joined in the protest, and [before long](bold)(=soon) there was a crowd of 200 or so.

ahead of someone or something else in a list or order

〔名单或次序上〕较 …为先，在 …之前

The files are in alphabetical order, so B1 comes before C1.

文件是按字母顺序摆放的，所以B1在C1之前。

used to say that something happens where it can be watched by people

在 …面前，当着 …的面

Italy will face Brazil this afternoon before a crowd of 100,000 spectators.

今天下午意大利队将在10万名观众面前迎战巴西队。

an actor who had performed before the Queen

曾在女王面前献演的一名演员

used to say that someone or something comes to be judged or considered by a person or group of people

摆在 …面前；供 …考虑

The proposal was put before the planning committee.

提议已交计划委员会审议。

used to say that one thing or person is considered more important than another

〔重要性〕在 …之前，比 …更重要

I put my wife and kids before anyone else.

我把妻子和孩子看得比任何人都重要。

In the air transport business, safety must always come before profit.

在航空业中，安全必须始终放在盈利之前。

他们面前是一望无际的大海。

if one place is before another place on a road or journey, the first place is nearer to you than the second, so you will reach it first

〔路上或旅途中的某个地方〕在〔另一个地方〕前面

The pub is 100 metres before the church on the right.

小酒馆在右侧，再往前100米就是教堂。

the last station before the Simplon Tunnel

到辛普朗隧道前的最后一站

if there is a job or situation before you, you will have to do the job or face the situation

〔工作或局面〕摆在 …面前

The task of emptying the house lay before us.

我们面临的任务是把房子腾空。

if a period of time is before you, it is about to start and you can do what you want during it

We had a glorious summer afternoon before us to do as we pleased.

我们有一个美好的夏日午后去做自己喜欢的事。


before

Never before had he seen so many people starving.

他以前从未见过这么多人在挨饿。

前一天/一个星期/一个月等

She was in Paris last week and in Rome the week before.

她上个星期在巴黎，上上个星期在罗马。


beforehand

before something else happens or is done

The police need to be briefed beforehand on how to deal with this sort of situation.

需要事先告诉警察这种情况怎样处理。

When you give a speech, it’s natural to feel nervous beforehand.

你在演讲之前感到紧张是很正常的。


beg

[past tense and past participle](italic) [begged](bold) [present participle](italic) [begging](bold)

to ask for something in an anxious or urgent way, because you want it very much

She begged and pleaded with them until they finally agreed.

她一再恳求，后来他们终于同意了。

She fought back the sudden urge to run to him and [beg](bold) his [forgiveness](bold).

她突然很想冲上去请求他原谅，但是她忍住了。

孩子们央求着要和我们一起来。

I begged Helen to stay, but she wouldn’t listen.

我恳求海伦留下来，可她就是不听。

She ran to the nearest house and [begged for help](bold).

她跑到最近的一户人家那里恳求帮助。

We could hear the prisoners [begging for](bold)[mercy](bold).

我们听到囚犯在恳求宽恕。

[I beg of you](bold) [formal](special)(=please)

[beg leave to do sth](bold) [formal](special)(=ask permission to do something)

to ask people to give you food, money etc, usually because you are very poor

a ragged child begging from passing shoppers

向过路的购物者行乞的衣衫褴褛的孩子

The old man went from door to door begging for food.

a [begging letter](bold)(=a letter asking for money)

if a dog begs, it sits up with its front legs off the ground

〔狗〕用后腿站立，举起前腿

used to ask someone to repeat what they have just said

‘The meeting’s on Wednesday.’ ‘I beg your pardon?’ ‘I said the meeting’s on Wednesday.’

“会议星期三开。”“你说什么？”“我说会议星期三开。”

used to say sorry when you have made a mistake, or said something wrong or embarrassing

Oh, I beg your pardon. I thought you said 15 pence, not 50.

噢，对不起，我以为你说的是15便士，不是50便士呢。

used to show that you strongly disagree with something that someone has said, or think it is unacceptable

你说什么〔表示强烈反对或无法接受某人说的话〕

‘Chicago’s an awful place.’ ‘I beg your pardon, that’s where I’m from!’

“芝加哥是个很糟糕的地方。”“你说什么，我就是芝加哥人！”

used to say firmly that you do not agree with something that has been said

在这点上，恕我不敢苟同。

to make you want to ask a question that has not yet been answered

This proposal begs the question of who is going to pay for the new building.

这个提议让人不禁要问: 谁来出资兴建新的大楼？

to treat an idea as though it were true or had been proved, when this may not be the case

if something is going begging, it is available for anyone who wants it

There’s a beer going begging, if anyone’s interested.

如果谁想要啤酒，这里有一瓶可以拿去。

to do whatever you must in order to get what you want – often used humorously

去讨去借去偷〔常为幽默用法，表示为了得到某物什么都肯做〕

She’d beg, borrow, or steal the money for those shoes.

她不论用什么方法也要弄到钱买那双鞋。


beggar

someone who lives by asking people for food and money

used when speaking to or about someone you like

幸运/懒惰/无礼等的家伙〔用于称呼或谈及喜欢的人〕

‘How’s Dave?’ ‘The lucky beggar’s in the South of France!’

“戴夫好吗？”“这个幸运的家伙正在法国南部呢！”

used to say that, when you have no money or no power to choose, you have to accept whatever you are given

要饭的哪能挑肥拣瘦，要饭就不能嫌馊


beggar

if something beggars description or belief, it is impossible to describe or believe it

They showed a lack of common sense that beggars belief.

他们在常识上的匮乏令人难以置信。


begin

[Begin](bold)  belongs to a group of verbs where the same noun can be the subject of the verb or its object.

You can say: They began the meeting at 9.  In this sentence, ‘the meeting’ is the object of [begin](bold) .

You can also say: The meeting began at 9.  In this sentence, ‘the meeting’ is the subject of [begin](bold) .

[past tense](italic) [began](bold) /-ˈɡæn/ [past participle](italic) [begun](bold) /-ˈɡʌn/ [present participle](italic) [beginning](bold)

大家都到齐了，我们就开始吧。

In the third year, students begin the study of classical Chinese.

学生在三年级开始学古代汉语。

The president begins talks with the prime minister tonight.

总统将于今晚和首相展开会谈。

她开始有一种恐慌的感觉。

我从1984年开始教书。

if something begins, or you begin something, it starts to happen or exist from a particular time

（使）开始〔发生或存在〕

It was the coldest winter since records began.

那是有记录以来最寒冷的冬天。

if you begin with something or begin by doing something, this is the first thing you do

I’ll begin by thanking you all for being here tonight.

首先我要感谢大家今晚来到这里。

if a book, film, or word begins with something, it starts with a particular event or letter

〔书、电影或单词〕以 …开始，以 …开头

In everyday English, people usually say [start](bold)  rather than [begin](bold) :

Let’s [start](bold) by introducing ourselves.

Not many English names [start](bold) with X.

‘Ladies and gentlemen,’ he began. ‘I am delighted to be here.’

“女士们，先生们，”他开始发言说，“我很高兴来到这里。”

used to introduce the first and most important point you want to make

首先〔用于引出首先想说的、最重要的内容〕

Well, to begin with, he shouldn’t even have been driving my car.

好吧，首先他本来就不应该开我的车。

used to say that something was already in a particular condition before something else happened

I didn’t break it! It was like that to begin with.

不是我弄坏的！它原来就是这样的。

during the first part of a process or activity

The kids helped me to begin with, but they soon got bored.

开始时孩子们都来帮忙，但他们很快就厌烦了。

used to emphasize how difficult something is to understand etc

I can’t begin to imagine how awful it was.

我简直无法想象情况有多糟。


beginner

someone who has just started to do or learn something

unusual success that you have when you start something new


beginning

You say [in the beginning](bold) : In the beginning, she didn’t like him.

You say [at the beginning of](bold)  a period of time: I started my new job at the beginning of the year.
Don’t say: [in the beginning of the year](strike)

the first part of something such as a story, event, or period of time

The beginning of the movie is very violent.

the beginning of something, or the way something begins

Tomorrow marks the start of the presidential election campaign.

The runners lined up for the start of the race.

the beginning of something – used especially in official contexts

the point from which something starts to exist

He wrote a book about the origins of the universe.

The tradition has its origins in medieval times.

the time when something bad begins, such as illness, old age, or cold weather

An active lifestyle can delay the onset of many diseases common to aging.

the beginning of an important period of time in history

People have worshipped gods since the dawn of civilization.

the beginning of something important that will change many people’s lives

The country needed a new government and a new beginning.

also: signal/herald the beginning of sth

(=show that something is starting to happen)

This event marked the beginning of a ten-year worldwide depression.

(=be the time when something important starts to happen)

The 1970s saw the beginning of a technological revolution.

That’s what I suggested right at the beginning.

He had been lying to me from the very beginning.

(=start a story or activity at the first part)

Just start at the beginning and tell us exactly what happened.

The whole project was full of problems from beginning to end.

(=used to emphasize that many more things will happen)

Signing the contract is just the beginning of a long process.

the start or first part of an event, story, period of time etc

〔事件、故事、一段时间等的〕开始，开端，起点

She’s been here [since the beginning](bold) of the year.

There’s a short poem [at the beginning](bold) of every chapter.

每一章的开头都有一首短诗。

[From the beginning](bold) of my career as a journalist, I’ve been writing about gender issues.

从我一开始干记者这一行，我就写有关性别问题的文章。

I thought he loved me; perhaps he did [in the beginning](bold).

我以为他爱我，也许开始时他确实是爱我的。

That chance meeting [marked the beginning](bold) of a long and happy relationship.

自那次邂逅始，一段长久而幸福的恋爱关系开始了。

This is [just the beginning](bold) of a new and different life for you.

这只是你新的别样生活的开始。

I said he would cause trouble, [right from the beginning](bold).

我一开始就说过，他会惹事。

I opposed it from [the very beginning](bold).

The whole trip was a disaster [from beginning to end](bold).

这趟旅途从头到尾都在出乱子。

I feel like I’ve been offered [a new beginning](bold).

我感觉好像有了一个重新开始的机会。

Could we [start at the beginning](bold)? Tell me where you first met him.

我们从头讲起好吗？告诉我，你是在哪里认识他的？

the early signs or stages of something that later develops into something bigger or more important

I think I [have the beginnings](bold) of a cold.

He rose from humble beginnings to great wealth.

他出身卑微，如今已腰缠万贯。

the time when something good starts to end


behalf

(also: [in behalf of sb](bold) ([AmE](bold)) )

instead of someone, or as their representative

She asked the doctor to speak to her parents on her behalf.

她请医生代她同她父母谈谈。

On behalf of everyone here, may I wish you a very happy retirement.

请允许我代表在座的各位祝你退休生活愉快。

Oh, don’t go to any trouble on my behalf.


behave

to do and say things that are good, bad, normal, strange etc

His teacher said he’d been behaving badly at school.

I’m not going to talk to her until she starts behaving reasonably.

Oh, be quiet! You’re behaving like a two-year-old.

to behave in a particular way, especially in a way that seems unusual, surprising, or annoying to other people

Tina’s been acting very strangely lately.

to behave towards someone or deal with someone in a particular way

She said that he’d treated her really badly throughout their two-year marriage.

I’m sick of my parents treating me like a child.

to behave in the way that most other people in your group or society behave

Young people sometimes want to rebel and therefore they refuse to conform.

Society typically brings pressure on individuals and groups to conform to civilised norms.

to behave in a particular way, especially in a situation where people will notice and judge the way you behave

Public figures have a duty to conduct themselves responsibly, even in their private lives.

By the end of the course, you should be able to conduct yourself with confidence in any meeting.

to do things that are good, bad, sensible etc

She [behaved in a](bold) very responsible [way](bold).

I think he behaved disgracefully towards you.

我觉得他对你太不像话了。

表现得像小学生一样的成年男子

He was a little boy, but he behaved as if he was an adult.

他是个小男孩，可表现得跟大人一样。

to not do things that annoy or offend people

你们这些孩子能不能规矩一点！

I hope Nicholas behaved himself at the party.

我希望尼古拉斯在聚会上得体一点。

if something behaves in a particular way, it does those things

Quantum mechanics is the study of the way atoms behave.

量子力学是研究原子运动的学科。


behaviour

[behavioural](bold) adj. eg: behavioural science

Chemicals added to food may be responsible for children’s bad behaviour.

Tatsuya apologized for his behaviour towards me.

the way someone behaves in public or in their job – used mainly in official or legal contexts

Bates was arrested and charged with disorderly conductnoisy and violent.

The committee found him guilty of unsatisfactory professional conduct.

the way someone behaves when they are talking to or dealing with other people, which is shown in their expression, their voice etc

Suddenly his whole manner changed, and he started shouting.

His initial manner towards her had been rather formal.

the way someone looks and behaves, which shows you something about their character or feelings

She maintained a calm demeanour at all times.

Wenger’s demeanour suggested that he was not happy with the situation.

someone’s behaviour – used when you think it is silly, funny, strange, or annoying

The drunken antics of some English football fans has brought shame on the country.

The actor is becoming known for his increasingly bizarre off-screen antics.

The boys were suspended from school for bad behaviour.

They thought their son’s behaviour was perfectly normal.

Were there any signs of abnormal behaviour?

His behavior became increasingly violent.

antisocial behaviour such as spitting and swearing in public

This sort of behavior is completely unacceptable.

(=suitable/not suitable for that situation)

Within the official school framework there are penalties for inappropriate behaviour.

detailed observations of animal behaviour

There are many theories as to what causes criminal behaviour.

She teaches children with behaviour problems.

declining standards of behaviour among young people

It’s a parent’s job to instruct children in acceptable standards of behaviour.

Different patterns of behaviour exist in different cultures.

He has no reason to change his behaviour.

The genes we inherit influence our behaviour.

([BrE](special)) AmE behavior  [n](bold) <[U](bold)>

It is important to reward good behaviour.

表现好要给予奖励，这很重要。

She complained of her boss’s inappropriate behavior towards her.

她抱怨说老板对她有不检点行为。

the effects of alcohol on human behaviour

酒精对人的行为产生的影响

to behave as well and politely as you can in order to please someone

尽可能好地表现，尽量行为检点

I want you both to be on your best behaviour at Grandad’s.

我希望你们俩在爷爷家里乖乖的。

the things that something in science normally does

〔科学上的〕表现方式，活动方式


behind

[behind sb’s back](bold) at → [back](->back) 2 sense 9 [behind bars](bold) at → [bar](->bar) 1 sense 7 [behind the times](bold) at → [time](->time) 1 sense 38

at or towards the back of something, and often hidden by it

I got stuck behind a truck on the way to the airport.

There’s a small garden at the back of the cottage.

behind something, especially a building. [At/to the rear](bold) sounds rather formal and is used especially in written descriptions

They parked in a small car park at the rear of the hotel.

There is a small seating area to the rear.

if someone or something is in the background, it is behind the place where the main activity is happening

If you look carefully at the painting, you will see several men sitting at a table in the background.

at or towards the back of a thing or person

I turned to speak to the person standing behind me.

我转身和站在我后面的那人说话。

Someone could easily creep up behind us.

很可能有人悄悄跟在我们后面。

后面那辆车不耐烦地按着喇叭。

The manager was sitting behind a large desk.

经理坐在一张大办公桌的后面。

He set off down the road with the rest of us following close behind.

他带头上路，我们其他人紧随其后。

→ Don’t say ‘behind of’: [He hid behind a chair (NOT behind of a chair).](italic)

not as successful or not having made as much progress as someone or something else

Mark’s always behind the rest of his class in mathematics.

马克的数学成绩总是落后于班上其他同学。

This victory lifts Ferguson’s team into fifth place, nine points behind leaders Norwich.

这场胜利使弗格森的球队升至第五名，落后领先的诺里奇队九分。

Europe was falling behind in the important field of computer technology.

欧洲在计算机技术这一重要领域落后了。

used to say that someone is late in doing what they have to do

This work should have been finished yesterday. I’m getting terribly behind.

这项工作应该昨天完成的，我落后太多了。

Victor had fallen behind with his mortgage payments after losing his job.

维克托失业以后就拖欠抵押贷款了。

an important research project that is already two years [behind schedule](bold)(=not ready at the time planned)

进度已经落后了两年的一个重要研究项目

used for talking about the hidden reason for something

在 …背后〔用于表示某事背后的原因〕

I wonder what’s behind this change of plan.

我想知道这次计划改变背后的原因是什么。

Perhaps a bitter experience lay behind her anger.

在她愤怒的背后可能隐藏着一次痛苦的经历。

The workers are very much behind these proposals.

工人们非常支持这些建议。

I suppose I’m lucky because my parents were behind me all the way.

我想我是幸运的，因为父母一直支持我。

responsible for a plan, idea etc or for organizing something

It was alleged that foreign agents were behind the recent violence.

据称最近的暴力事件是由国外特工策划的。

The Rotary Club is behind the fund-raising for the new hospital.

扶轮社负责新医院的筹款工作。

if an unpleasant experience or situation is behind you, it no longer upsets you or affects your life

成为 …的过去〔指不愉快的事情不再困扰你或影响你的生活〕

Now you can put all these worries behind you.

现在你可以把这些烦恼全部撇在脑后了。

a chance to start a new life and leave all your troubles behind

抛开所有烦恼、开始新生活的一个机会

if you have experience behind you, you have gained valuable skills or important qualities that can be used

Marjorie is one of the top designers in the business, with years of experience behind her.

玛乔丽是这个行业里的顶级设计师之一，拥有多年的工作经验。

used when the real facts about a situation or someone’s character are hidden by the way things seem or by the way a person behaves

在 …背后，在 …表面下〔指现象背后的真实情况，或某人行为后隐藏的真实性格〕

We were determined to find the truth behind this mystery.

我们下决心查出这谜团背后的真相。

You could see the burning hatred behind Graham’s calm manner.

格雷厄姆举止冷静，但可以看出他的内心燃烧着仇恨。

if a student stays behind after school or after a lesson, they stay after it has finished

〔学生放学或下课后〕留堂


being

a law that first came into being in 1912

于1912年制定的一部法律

a story about alien beings who invade Earth

the most important quality or nature of something, especially of a person

[the core/roots/whole of sb’s being](bold)

The whole of her being had been taken over by a desire to return to her homeland.

她的整个身心都被回乡的念头占据了。


being

Being a quiet sort of person, I didn’t want to get involved.

我是个喜欢清静的人，所以不想介入。

You can’t expect them to sit still for that long, children being what they are.

你不能指望他们安安静静地坐那么长时间，小孩子就是小孩子。

You might as well drink it, being as you’ve paid for it.

还是喝了吧，你钱都付过了。


belief

[it beggars belief](bold) at → [beggar](->beggar) 2 sense 1 [to the best of your belief](bold) at → [best](->best) 3 sense 4 → [disbelief](->disbelief) → [unbelief](->unbelief)

It is still my firm belief that we did the right thing.

her strongly-held belief that things were much better in the past

There is a common belief that educational standards are declining.

The article expressed the widely-held belief that unemployment leads to crime.

the mistaken belief that cannabis is not an addictive drug

(=based on what you really feel is true)

We have a sincere belief in the power of art to enhance human life.

his passionate belief that technology is a tool to be used for the benefit of mankind

You must always have the belief that you can succeed.

He held this belief until the day he died.

Our policies must be based on the belief that the planet’s resources are finite.

It is my belief that most teachers are doing a good job.

Contrary to popular belief, boys are not usually better at maths than girls.

the feeling that something is definitely true or definitely exists

her sincere belief that her brother was not the murderer

Thieves broke into the building in the mistaken belief that there was expensive computer equipment inside.

窃贼们闯入大楼，误以为里面有昂贵的电脑设备。

the feeling that something is good and can be trusted

If you’re selling, you have to have genuine belief in the product.

如果你在销售某个产品，就必须对所售产品真正有信心。

When you get something wrong, it can shake your belief in yourself.

如果有什么事情没做好，就会动摇你对自己的信心。

an idea that you believe to be true, especially one that forms part of a system of ideas

Several members [hold](bold) very right-wing [beliefs](bold).

有几个成员持有非常右倾的观点。

used to emphasize that something is so extreme that it is difficult to believe

她所做的事情傻得叫人难以相信。


believe

[make believe](bold) at → [make](->make) 1 sense 19

You [believe that](bold)  something is true: We believe that all men are equal.

You [believe that](bold)  something [should](bold)  happen: We believe all men should be treated equally.

You [believe that](bold)  someone [can](bold)  do something: I still believe that we can win.

You [believe that](bold)  something[ might](bold)  or [could](bold)  happen: Do you believe that things might change?

In more formal English, you can say [it is believed that](bold) : It was believed that the King’s touch could cure diseases.

In all the above patterns with [that](bold) , ‘that’ can be omitted: We believe all men are equal.

You can use the phrases [I believe so](bold)  or [I don’t believe so](bold) , usually to give a short answer: ‘Are they married?’ ‘I believe so.’ ‘Were there any problems?’ ‘I don’t believe so.’
Don’t say: [I believe it.](strike)

[Believe](bold)  is not used in the progressive. You say: I believe you.
Don’t say: [I am believing you.](strike)

to be sure that something is true or that someone is telling the truth

I believed her when she said that she loved me.

to believe that something is true, especially because someone has persuaded you to believe it

His wife accepted his explanation for why he was late.

Leah had slowly come to accept her brother’s version of events.

to believe what someone says is true, even though you have no proof or experience of it

I don’t know anything about him, so I’ll just have to take your word for it.

You don’t have to take my word for it – go and see for yourself.

‘Cakes are very easy to make.’ ‘I’ll take your word for it.’

to believe what someone says, even though you think it might not be true

Unless you have proof, you should give him the benefit of the doubt.

to be tricked into believing something that is not true

A lot of people were taken in by these claims.

I can’t believe she fell for that old excuse!

to believe a story or explanation that is not true, especially when this makes you seem silly

His aunt had swallowed his story unquestioningly.

Police refused to swallow his story, and put him in a cell.

You shouldn’t believe everything you read.

你不应尽信书上看来的东西。

I believed him, even though his story sounded unlikely.

我相信了他，尽管他的话听上去不太可信。

I [don’t believe a word of it](bold)(=I think it is completely untrue).

to think that something is true or possible, although you are not completely sure

Detectives believe that the victim knew his killer.

侦探们认为被害人认识凶手。

It is believed that the house was built in 1735.

据信这房子建于1735年。

[believe so](bold)(=think that something is true)

‘Have they arrived yet?’ ‘Yes, I believe so.’

“他们到了吗？”“嗯，我想是到了。”

At 115, Mrs Jackson is believed to be the oldest person in the country.

The four men are [widely believed](bold)(=believed by a lot of people) to have been killed by their captors.

人们普遍认为，那四名男子已遭劫持者杀害。

Did you [honestly believe](bold) that I’d be stupid enough to do that?

你真的认为我会傻到做那样的事情吗？

I [firmly believe](bold) that the business will be a success.

used when you are surprised that something is true

很难相信〔用于表示惊异〕

Sometimes, it’s hard to believe we’ve been married for 50 years.

有时很难相信我们已经结婚50年了。

used when you are very surprised or shocked by something

不能/不敢相信某事〔用于表示惊异或震惊〕

I can’t believe he’s expecting us to work on Sunday!

我真不敢相信，他竟然要我们星期天上班！

I couldn’t believe it when he told me what had happened.

当他告诉我发生的这一切时，我简直没法相信。

我几乎不敢相信自己有这样的运气。

used when you are saying something that is true but surprising

信不信由你，他喜欢上学。

used when you are surprised or angry about something

你能相信吗！我不能相信！〔表示惊讶或生气〕

And then he just walked out. Would you believe it!

然后他就走出去了。你能相信吗！

used to emphasize that something is definitely true

相信我〔用于强调某事绝对是真的〕

There’ll be trouble when they find out about this, believe you me!

相信我，这件事如果给他们发现了会很麻烦的！

used to emphasize that something is true

你最好相信！〔用于强调某事是真的〕

used to emphasize that something is definitely not true

千万不要相信！〔用于强调某事绝对不是真的〕

used to say that someone is very surprised by something they see or hear

不敢相信自己的眼睛/耳朵

if you believe that, you’ll believe anything

used to say that something is definitely not true, and that anyone who believes it must be stupid

你要是连这都相信，还有什么不信的；谁相信谁就是傻瓜

(also: [I’ll believe it when I see it](bold) )

used to say that you will only believe that something happens or exists when you actually see it

She says those who believe will go to heaven.


believer

to believe strongly that something is good and effective

I’m a great believer in regular exercise.

someone who believes in a particular god, religion, or system of beliefs


bell

[alarm bells ring](bold) at → [alarm](->alarm) 1 sense 5 [as clear as a bell](bold) at → [clear](->clear) 1 sense 10 [ring a bell](bold) at → [ring](->ring) 2 sense 4 → [diving bell](->diving bell) → [doorbell](->doorbell)

I could hear the church bells ringing in the distance.

The bells rang out to celebrate the end of the war.

Somewhere across the valley a bell sounded.

(=it rings a certain number of times, in order to tell you the time of day)

The bells began to chime, calling people to church.

(=it slowly rings with a long low sound, when someone has died)

The church bell was tolling mournfully as the carriage entered the cemetery gate.

(=a small bell rings with a gentle high sound)

We were sleeping under the stars, camel bells tinkling in a cool breeze.

She woke on Sunday morning to the sound of church bells.

Mark and Bridget seem very happy and we expect to hear wedding bells soon.

(=the sound of bells being rung several times)

From the temple he could hear the peal of bells.

a piece of electrical equipment that makes a ringing sound, used as a signal or to get someone’s attention

He rang the bell and waited for someone to answer the door.

他按了门铃，等着有人来开门。

The bell went and everyone rushed out of the classroom.

铃声一响，大家都冲出了教室。

a hollow metal object like a cup with a piece of metal hanging inside it, that makes a ringing noise when it moves or you shake it

我过一会儿必须给维基打个电话。


belly

→ [beer belly](->beer belly) → [potbelly](->potbelly)

the front part of your body between your chest and your legs

the middle part of an animal’s body, near its stomach

黑色腹部的/腹部肥硕的/大腹便便的等

if a business or company goes belly up, it stops operating because it cannot pay its debts


belly

also: [belly out](bold)  [v](bold) <[I](bold)> [literary](special)

[past tense and past participle](italic) [bellied](bold) [present participle](italic) [bellying](bold) [third person singular](italic) [bellies](bold)

to fill with air and become rounder in shape


belong

[belonging](bold) n. <U> eg: It’s important to have a [sense of belonging](bold)(=a feeling that you are happy and comfortable somewhere).

[Belong ](bold)  is not used in the progressive. You say: My friend belongs to the choir.
Don’t say: [My friend is belonging to the choir. ](strike)

if something belongs somewhere, that is the right place or situation for it

应在〔某处〕；适合〔某种情形〕

an attitude that doesn’t belong in modern society

不适合现代社会的处世态度

if you feel you belong in a place or situation, you feel happy and comfortable in it, because you have the same interests and ideas as other people

〔在某个地方或某种情形中〕能适应；感到自在

I worked there for five years but never really felt I belonged.

我在那里工作了五年，但是从来没有真正觉得自己属于那里。


belongings

the things you own, especially things that you can carry with you

an insurance policy that covers your [personal belongings](bold)


below

[below par](bold) at → [par](->par) sense 2 [below the belt](bold) at → [belt](->belt) 1 sense 4

in a lower place or position, or on a lower level

〔地方或位置〕在 …的下面；低于

an animal that lives [below ground](bold)

Water was dripping onto the floor below.

I could hear voices in the courtyard below my window.

我能听到院子里有人在我的窗下说话。

They camped a few hundred feet below the summit.

他们在山顶下面几百英尺的地方扎了营。

[Down below,](bold) people were talking and laughing.

Somewhere [far below,](bold) a door slammed.

下面远处的什么地方，有一扇门砰的一声关上了。

The kitchen is [directly below](bold) her bedroom.

厨房就在她卧室的正下方。

Captain Parker [went below](bold)(=to the lower level of the ship), leaving Clooney in charge.

帕克船长下去了，让克卢尼负责。

of a lower rank or having a less important job than someone else

No one below the level of senior manager was present at the meeting.

高级经理职位以下没有人出席会议。

officers of the rank of captain and below

less than a particular number, amount, level etc

〔数量、水平等〕在 …以下，低于

Test scores below 50 were classed as ‘unsatisfactory’.

50分以下的测验成绩归入“不理想”一类。

In June the rate of inflation fell below 3%.

Tom’s spelling is [well below](bold) average (=much worse than the normal standard).

汤姆的拼写远低于平均水平。

[below freezing/zero](bold)(=lower than the temperature at which water freezes)

In winter, temperatures dip to 40 degrees below freezing.

free travel for children four years old and below

四岁及四岁以下儿童免费乘车

lower on the same page, or on a later page

〔书页上〕在下面，在下页

课程的详细介绍列在下面。


belt

→ [black belt](->black belt) → [garter belt](->garter belt) → [safety belt](->safety belt) → [seat belt](->seat belt) → [suspender belt](->suspender belt) [tighten your belt](bold) at → [tighten](->tighten) sense 6

Along the coast is a wide belt of sand dunes.

The tree grows in a narrow belt around the western Mediterranean.

(=land around a city where building is not allowed)

the government's commitment to protecting the green belt

The wide coastal belt is a flat plain, partially wooded.

(=where there are a lot of factories etc)

the northern industrial belt of the United States

(=an area around a large city from where people travel to work in the city every day)

House prices are high in the London commuter belt.

(=an area around a city where rich people who work in the city live)

wealthy families living in the stockbroker belt

a band of leather, cloth etc that you wear around your waist to hold up your clothes or for decoration

a large area of land that has particular features or where particular people live

〔具有某种特色或某类人居住的〕地区，地带

the green (=countryside) belt([BrE](bold))

a circular band of something such as rubber that connects or moves parts of a machine

→ [conveyor belt](->conveyor belt) → [fan belt](->fan belt)

保罗，那样做有点儿不公平。

The comments [hit below the belt](bold)(=they were unfair or cruel).

to have achieved something useful or important

a secretary with several years’ experience under her belt

一位拥有数年工作经验的秘书

a belt and braces way of doing something is one in which you do more than necessary in order to make sure that it succeeds

〔指做事方法〕双重保险的


belt

We were belting down the motorway at 95 miles per hour.

我们以每小时95英里的速度在高速公路上疾驶。

裙腰处松松地系着带子的连衣裙


bench

a long seat for two or more people, especially outdoors

〔尤指户外的〕长凳，长椅

the seat where a judge or magistrate sits in a court of law

Would the prisoner please approach the bench?

the position of being a judge or magistrate in a court of law

He was appointed to the bench last year.

[sit/serve on the bench](bold)(=work as a judge or )

the seat where members of a sports team sit when they are not playing in the game

Batts and Dorigo are [on the bench](bold) tonight.

今晚巴茨和多里戈是替补队员。

Simpson [came off the bench](bold) to play in midfield.

辛普森离开替补席上场打中场。

the seats in the British parliament where members of a particular party sit

There was cheering from the Conservative benches.

保守党的议员席那边响起了欢呼声。

→ [backbench](->backbench) → [backbenches](->backbenches) → [front bench](->front bench)

a long heavy table used for working on with tools or equipment


bench

to not allow a sports player to play in a game, or to remove them from a game

〔球赛中〕将 …放在板凳席上，不让 …上场；将 …替换下场

Anderson has been benched until his injury has healed.

安德森一直被放在替补席上，伤愈才得以上场。


benchmark

something that is used as a standard by which other things can be judged or measured

The valuation becomes a benchmark against which to judge other prices.

这个估价成了判断其他价格的依据。

figures that are a useful benchmark for measuring the company’s performance

为衡量公司业绩提供实用标准的一些数据

results that are used as a benchmark of success

作为成功与否判断标准的结果


benchmark

to use a company’s good performance as a standard by which to judge the performance of other companies of the same type

把〔某一公司的好业绩〕作为衡量标准

British Steel is benchmarked against the best operations anywhere in the world.

英国钢铁公司以世界各地最好的企业作为衡量标准。


bend

[bend the rules](bold) at → [rule](->rule) 1 sense 1

[past tense and past participle](italic) [bent](bold) /bent/

to move part of your body so that it is not straight or so that you are not upright

（使）倾侧；俯身；（使）弯腰

Bend your knees, but keep your back straight.

膝盖弯曲，背部保持挺直。

I bent down to lift the box off the floor.

我弯腰把地上的箱子提起来。

He bent towards me and whispered in my ear.

他俯过身来在我耳边低语。

to push or press something so that it is no longer flat or straight

You need a special tool to bend the steel.

你要用特殊的工具才能把这钢条弄弯。

to become curved and no longer flat or straight

Several branches started bending towards the ground.

数根枝条开始向地面弯垂。

when a road bends, it changes direction to form a curve

to say something that is not completely true

We bent over backwards to finish it on time.

我们拼命地干，要把它按时完成。

to talk to someone, especially for a long time, about something that is worrying you

和某人谈心〔尤指谈令人烦恼的事〕

trying very hard to persuade someone to do something

He begged on bended knee for another chance.

他苦苦哀求再给他一次机会。

He went down on bended knee and asked her to marry him.

to give all your energy or attention to one activity, plan etc

集中全力于某事，专心致志于某事

to do what someone else wants, especially when you do not want to


bend

(=a curve that changes direction suddenly)

That road sign means you are approaching a sharp bend.

(=a very sharp bend in which a road changes direction, usually on a mountain)

The road wound up the mountain in a series of hairpin bends.

(=that changes direction slightly or gradually)

Ahead of us there was a wide bend in the river.

(=that you cannot see around when you are driving)

Never overtake another car on a blind bend.

Take the turning just after the left-hand bend in the road.

Suddenly a motorbike came around the bend at top speed.

a curved part of something, especially a road or river

〔尤指道路或河流的〕拐弯，弯道

The car came round the bend at a terrifying speed.

那辆汽车以惊人的速度拐过弯道。

an action in which you bend a part of your body

We started the session with a few knee bends to warm up.

我们在上课前先做了些屈膝动作来热身。

使某人生气，使某人反感，惹怒某人

I sometimes feel I’m going round the bend looking after young children all day.

整天照看小孩子，我有时候觉得我都快疯了。

a painful and serious condition that divers get if they come up from deep water too quickly

屈肢症〔潜水员浮出水面过快造成的剧痛〕


beneath

in or to a lower position than something, or directly under something

在 …之下，在 …正下方；往 …下面

The dolphins disappeared beneath the waves.

Jo enjoyed feeling the warm sand beneath her feet.

乔很喜欢脚下踩着温暖沙子的感觉。

He was standing on the bridge looking at the river beneath.

他站在桥上，看着下面的河水。

Some roofs collapsed [beneath the weight of](bold)(=unable to support the weight of) so much snow.

有些房子的屋顶不堪积雪的重压塌陷了。

In everyday English, people usually use [underneath](bold)  (as an adverb or preposition) or [under](bold)  (as a preposition) when talking about position:

a picture with a caption [underneath](bold)

希奥娜在被单下面瑟瑟发抖。

used to say that someone’s real character or feelings are not shown because their appearance or behaviour is different

在 …的表面之下〔指真实性格或情感没有显现〕

Dave sensed that something more sinister lay beneath the woman’s cheerful exterior.

戴夫感觉到，在那个女人开朗的外表下隐藏着一颗邪恶的心。

[Beneath the surface](bold) she was angry.

她表面上没有显露出来，实际上很愤怒。

配不上〔某人〕，与〔某人〕不相称

She acts as if even speaking to us is beneath her.

她的样子好像和我们说句话都有失身份。

He felt it would be [beneath](bold) his [dignity](bold) to comment.

他觉得发表意见会有失尊严。

His mother felt he was [marrying beneath](bold) him (=marrying someone who was not good enough).

他母亲觉得他娶的妻子配不上他。

I consider such behaviour to be [beneath contempt](bold)(=so bad that you have no respect for the person involved).

我觉得这种行为为人所不齿。

in a lower, less important rank or job than someone else


beneficial

ˌbenɪˈfɪʃəl◂

ˌbenɪˈfɪʃəl◂

有利的，有帮助的，有用的

a drug that has a [beneficial effect](bold) on the immune system

有益于免疫系统的一种药物

Cycling is [highly beneficial](bold) to health and the environment.

骑自行车对于身体和环境都大有裨益。

an arrangement that is [mutually beneficial](bold)(=it has advantages for everyone who is involved)


beneficiary

ˌbenəˈfɪʃəri

someone who gets advantages from an action or change

The rich were the main beneficiaries of the tax cuts.

富人是这次减税的主要受益者。

someone who receives money or property from someone else who has died

遗产继承人，〔遗嘱的〕受益人

He was the chief beneficiary of his father’s will.

他是他父亲遗嘱的主要受益人。


benefit

All the hotel rooms have the benefit of a balcony.

In this way, students will gain maximum benefit from their classes.

You’ll enjoy all the benefits of being a member.

(=enjoy the advantages of something you have worked hard to get)

He was looking forward to reaping the benefits of all his hard work.

The new bridge has brought considerable benefits.

(=something is more important than the benefits)

Make sure that the risks don’t outweigh the benefits.

The new system will be a great benefit to the company.

To get some real benefit from the exercise, you should continue for at least half an hour.

The money sent has been of direct benefit to the islanders.

These plans are likely to result in lasting benefit to the whole of our district.

They will have the full benefit of our facilities.

Tourism has brought considerable economic benefits to the island.

Just 30 minutes of moderate daily activity yields health benefits.

(=something good for both people, companies etc involved)

Our two companies are working together for mutual benefit.

The potential benefits of the scheme must be weighed against the costs involved.

He used the money for his own benefit, instead of using it to help other people.

an advantage, improvement, or help that you get from something

→see THESAURUS at [advantage](->advantage)

I never had the benefit of a university education.

The new credit cards will [be of](bold) great [benefit](bold) to our customers.

新信用卡将对我们的客户非常有利。

I hope that the decision taken today will [be to the benefit of](bold) the whole nation.

我希望今天所做的决定将惠及我们整个国家。

Could you just explain again for Mark’s benefit?

你为马克再解释一遍好吗？

Most motorists manage without the benefit of four-wheel drive.

大多数汽车司机不用四轮驱动。

money provided by the government to people who are sick, unemployed, or have little money

〔政府为病人、失业人士或穷人提供的〕补助金，救济金，津贴

You might be entitled to housing benefit.

你也许有资格申领住房津贴。

those people eligible to [claim benefit](bold)

extra money or other advantages that you get as part of your job or from insurance that you have

〔工作单位提供的〕福利，补贴；保险金

We offer an excellent [benefits package](bold).

我们提供非常好的综合福利。

to accept what someone tells you, even though you think they may be wrong or lying but you cannot be sure

虽有怀疑但还是相信某人，姑且相信某人

The referee gave him the benefit of the doubt.

裁判员虽有怀疑，但还是没有判他犯规。

with the benefit of hindsight/experience

used to say it is easier to know the right thing to do after something has happened or if you have a lot of experience

He admitted that, with the benefit of hindsight, the original launch had not been large enough.

他承认事后才明白最初的投放量不够大。

a concert, performance etc arranged to make money for charity


benefit

[past tense and past participle](italic) [benefited](bold) [present participle](italic) [benefiting](bold)

if you benefit from something, or it benefits you, it gives you an advantage, improves your life, or helps you in some way

受益，得益；有益于，有利于

They are working together to benefit the whole community.

他们在为整个社区的利益共同努力。

Many thousands have benefited from the new treatment.

千千万万的人已受益于这种新疗法。

They would benefit by reducing their labour costs.

他们将从劳动力成本降低中获益。

I’m sure you’ll benefit greatly from the visit.

我相信，这次访问将使你获益匪浅。


benign

他被逗乐了，和蔼地摇了摇头。

a benign tumourunnatural growth in the body is not caused by cancer


beside

next to or very close to the side of someone or something

温迪走过来，坐在我身边。

I was standing [right beside](bold) her at the time.

→ Do not confuse [beside](bold) (=next to) and [besides](bold) (=in addition to)[He sat down beside Mary.](italic)
						[Who was there besides you?](italic)

This year’s sales figures don’t look very good beside last year’s results.

今年的销售额和去年相比不是很好。

孩子们在他身边显得只有一丁点儿大。

to be feeling so angry, excited etc that you find it difficult to control yourself

〔由于过于气愤、激动等而〕失去控制，失常

The poor girl was almost beside herself.

[be beside yourself with anger/excitement/rage etc](bold)

Mom and Dad will be beside themselves with worry.

to not be directly connected with the main subject or problem that you are talking about

He’s very charming, but that’s beside the point.

他很有魅力，但那是题外话了。


besides

I need the money. And besides, when I agree to do something, I do it.

我需要这笔钱，而且，我一旦答应做什么事情就会做到。

In written English, people do not usually use [besides](bold)  as a sentence adverb. They start a sentence with the more formal [moreover](bold)  instead:

[Moreover](bold), smoking is linked with heart disease and strokes.

in addition to someone or something else that you are mentioning

The area has stunning scenery, beautiful beaches, and much more besides.

那个地方有迷人的景色、美丽的沙滩，除此之外还有很多很多。

People choose jobs for other reasons besides money.

人们择业除了钱之外还有别的考虑。

Besides myself, the only English people there were Keith and Doreen.

除了我，那儿只有基思和多琳是英格兰人。

Besides being heartbroken, she felt foolish.

除了伤心之外，她还觉得自己很蠢。


best

[be on your best behaviour](bold) at → [behaviour](->behaviour) sense 2 [your best bet](bold) at → [bet](->bet) 2 sense 2 [the best/better part of](bold) at → [part](->part) 1 sense 9

He’s one of the very best players around.

The series was easily the best TV drama this year.

One girl stood out as by far the best singer.

We sold the house at the best possible time.

The tuition we offer here is the best available.

The best way to learn a language is to live in a country where it is spoken.

The best thing to do is to apologize immediately.

(=the best way to make progress or deal with a problem)

We believe that a merger is the best way forward for the business.

Making the best use of space is important in any room.

[adj](bold) <[superlative of good](bold)>

better than anything else or anyone else in quality, skill, how effective it is etc

What’s the [best way](bold) to cook this fish?

The [best thing](bold) to do is to stop worrying.

最好的办法就是不要再担心。

[easily the best/by far the best](bold)(=much better than anything else)

约翰的主意绝对是最好的选择。

Our pilots are given [the best possible](bold) training.

我们的飞行员接受最好的训练。

We use only [the very best](bold) ingredients.

the friend that you know and like better than anyone else

她是我大学里最要好的朋友。

clothing that you keep for special occasions

最好的礼服/鞋子/衣服等〔留待特殊场合穿戴〕

我穿上最好的一套衣服参加婚礼。

something that is not exactly what you want but is as similar to it as possible

仅次于最好的东西，第二好的东西

If sterile equipment isn’t available, the next best thing is to clean equipment with disinfectant.

如果没有消毒设备，用消毒剂把设备清洁一下也是可以的。

used to introduce the fact about a situation that is even better than the other good things

It’s clean and well-located, but best of all, it’s affordable.

那里很干净，地段也不错，而更好的是，价格也承受得起。

written on food packets with the date that the food should be eaten before

〔某一日期〕前食用最佳〔印于食品包装上〕


best

[adv](bold) <[superlative of well](bold)>

It works best if you let it warm up first.

如果先把它预热一下，使用效果最佳。

This can best be described as a series of steps.

最恰当的说法就是，这是一步步的过程。

你最熟悉他，应该你去问他。

The part I like best is the meal afterwards.

我最喜欢的是之后的那餐饭。

He’s perhaps [best known](bold) for his role in ‘Midnight Cowboy’.

他最出名的可能是在《午夜牛郎》中的角色。

as well as you can, even if this is not very good

[had better](bold) at → [better](->better) 2 sense 3


best

the most helpful, most successful etc situation or results that you can achieve

我们都希望给孩子最好的东西。

It’s the best we can do in the circumstances.

在这种情况下，我们最多只能做到这样了。

the person or thing that is better than any other

She’s the best of the new young writers.

她是新一代年轻作家中最优秀的。

to try as hard as you can to do something

As long as you do your best, we’ll be happy.

只要你尽力而为，我们就满意了。

She did her best to make him comfortable.

used to emphasize that something is not very good, pleasant, honest etc even if you consider it in the best possible way

The campaign was at best only partially successful.

这场宣传活动充其量只是部分成功。

The technique is at best ineffective and at worst dangerous.

这个方法说轻一点是无效，说重一点是危险。

to the best of your knowledge/belief/ability etc

used to say that something is as much as you know, believe, or are able to do

就某人所知/在某人看来/尽某人所能等

I’m sure he’ll do the work to the best of his ability.

我相信他会尽己所能做好这项工作。

We wish him [the best of luck](bold) with this venture.

我们祝愿他在这个风险项目上顺顺利利。

He hasn’t been [in the best of health](bold) lately.

他近来身体状况不怎么好。

They didn’t part [on the best of terms](bold).

They became [the best of friends](bold)(=very close friends).

with the best of intentions/for the best of reasons

used to mean that someone does something with good intentions or for good reasons, even if the result is not always good

I’m sure he went there with the best of intentions.

我相信他去那里是出于好心。

a situation in which you have the advantages of two different things without any of the disadvantages

两全其美；两头受益；鱼与熊掌兼得

They live in a village but it’s only an hour from London, so they have the best of both worlds.

他们住在一个村子里，但离伦敦只有一小时路程，所以农村和城市的好处他们都能享受得到。

performing as well or effectively as you are able to

At her best, she’s a really stylish player.

她状态好的时候，确实是个很棒的选手。

He was never at his best early in the morning.

大清早他总不在最佳状态。

(also: [make the best of a bad job/situation etc](bold) ([BrE](bold)) )

to accept a situation that is not very good, and do whatever you can to make it better

在不利情况下尽力而为；善处逆境

We are stuck here, so we might as well make the best of it.

反正我们被困在这儿了，不如随遇而安吧。

used to express good wishes to someone for the future

一切顺利，万事如意〔用于表示祝愿〕

We’d just like to [wish](bold) him [all the best](bold) in his new job.

但愿他在新的工作中一切顺利。

if something is not very good, pleasant etc at the best of times, it is usually even worse than this

It’s crowded at the best of times, but today it was unbearable.

平时人最少的时候也拥挤，但今天简直让人受不了。

the least bad person or thing in a group of not very good people or things

不好之中最好的，差中之优

used to say that a particular event may seem bad now, but might have a good result later

I still don’t want him to go, but maybe it’s for the best.

我还是不希望他去，但这也许是件好事。

your best clothes, that you only wear on special occasions


bet

[past tense and past participle](italic) [bet](bold) [present participle](italic) [betting](bold)

to risk money on the result of a race, game, competition, or other future event

他和我赌10英镑，赌我不会那么做。

She bet all her money on a horse that came last.

她把所有的钱都押在一匹马上，结果这匹马跑了最后一名。

I wouldn’t bet against him winning the championship this year.

我不会赌他今年拿不到冠军。

used to say that you are fairly sure that something is true, something is happening etc, although you cannot prove this

我敢肯定你后悔没早点儿来吧。

used to show that you understand or can imagine the situation that someone has just told you about

‘God, I was so angry.’ ‘I bet you were.’

“天哪，我当时生气极了。”“那是肯定的。”

‘It makes things much easier.’ ‘Yeah, I’ll bet it does.’

“那样就方便多了。”“是呀，那是当然的。”

used to show that you do not believe what someone has just told you

‘I’m definitely going to give up smoking this time.’ ‘Yeah, I bet!’

“这次我肯定会戒烟。”“哼，我才不信呢！”

used to emphasize that you agree with someone or are keen to do what they suggest

的确！当然！一定！一点儿不错！

‘Going to the party on Saturday?’ ‘You bet!’

“星期六去参加聚会吗？”“当然啦！”

used to say that you think something that someone has just said is not true or not likely to happen

赌不赌？敢打赌吗？〔对某人所说的话表示怀疑〕

‘I’m sure Tom’ll be here soon.’ ‘Wanna bet?’

“我肯定汤姆很快就到。”“打赌吗？”

used to say that you do not think something is likely to happen

不大可能，我认为不大可能

He said he’d finish by tomorrow, but I wouldn’t bet on it.

他说他明天之前会完成，可我认为不大可能。

you (can) bet your life/your bottom dollar

used when you are sure that you know what someone will do or what will happen

You can bet your bottom dollar he won’t be back.

Do we really want to bet the ranch on this deal?

我们真的要为这笔交易赌上全部家当？