alert

giving all your attention to what is happening, being said etc

The animal raised its head, suddenly alert.

那只动物突然警觉地抬起头来。

Taking notes is one of the best ways to [stay alert](bold) in lectures.

记笔记是听课时集中注意力的最佳方法之一。

Jack was as [mentally alert](bold) as a man half his age.

杰克的头脑和年龄小他一半的人一样灵活。

to know about or understand something, especially a possible danger or problem

The authorities should have been [alert to the possibility](bold) of invasion.

当局早就应该对入侵的可能性有所警觉了。


alert

to officially warn someone about a problem or danger so that they are ready to deal with it

The school immediately [alerted the police](bold).

to make someone realize something important or dangerous

campaigns to alert the public to the dangers of HIV

让公众意识到艾滋病病毒危险的宣传活动


alert

a warning to be ready for possible danger

The bomb alert was raised soon after midnight.

刚过子夜，炸弹警报就拉响了。

ready to notice and deal with a situation or problem

（对某事物/某人）保持警惕

[Be on the alert](bold) for anyone acting suspiciously.

Troops in the vicinity were [put on alert](bold).

附近地区的军队受命进入戒备状态。

[on full alert](bold) [also](special) [on high alert](bold)(=completely ready to deal with a dangerous situation)

All our border points are on full alert.

我们所有的边防站都处于全面戒备状态。


alibi

something that proves that someone was not where a crime happened and therefore could not have done it

[a perfect/cast-iron/unshakeable etc alibi](bold)

He [had](bold) a perfect [alibi](bold) and the police let him go.

他有不在犯罪现场的确凿证明，警方便放了他。

an excuse for something you have failed to do or have done wrong


alien

very different from what you are used to, especially in a way that is difficult to understand or accept

a way of life that is totally alien to us

relating to creatures from another world

[alien beings](bold) from another planet

来自另一个行星的外星生物


alien

someone who is not a legal citizen of the country they are living or working in

[illegal aliens](bold) entering the country

[Alien](bold)  is used in official contexts. In everyday English, [foreigner](bold)  is used, but can sound disapproving or unfriendly. To avoid this, people often use the expression [people from other countries](bold)  instead:

In those days [people from other countries](bold) rarely came to Japan.

in stories, a creature from another world


alienate

[alienated](bold) adj. eg: Gina had become alienated from her family.

to do something that makes someone unfriendly or unwilling to support you

The latest tax proposals will alienate many voters.

最新的税收提案将失去许多选民的支持。

to make it difficult for someone to belong to a particular group or to feel comfortable with a particular person

He felt that his experiences had alienated him from society.

他感到自己的经历令他与社会格格不入。


alight

The car was [set alight](bold) and pushed over a hill.

那辆汽车被点燃后就被推下山去。

[Alight](bold)  is mostly used in journalism or in literature. In everyday English, people usually say [on fire](bold) :

The car had been deliberately [set on fire](bold).

someone whose face or eyes are alight looks excited, happy, etc

〔兴奋得〕神采飞扬的，眉开眼笑的

[alight with excitement/pleasure/laughter etc](bold)


alight

if a bird or insect alights on something, it stops flying and stands on it

to step out of a vehicle after a journey

She alighted from the train at 74th Street.

她在第74大街下了火车。


align

to publicly support a political group, country, or person that you agree with

Church leaders have aligned themselves with the opposition.

教会领袖和反对派站在同一阵线上。

a country [closely aligned](bold) with the West

to arrange things so that they form a line or are parallel to each other, or to be in a position that forms a line etc

（使）排成一直线；（使）平行

书桌一行行排得整整齐齐。

确保所有的洞眼成一条直线。

to organize or change something so that it has the right relationship to something else

This policy is [closely aligned](bold) with the goals of the organization.

这一政策与该机构的目标非常一致。

[Align ](bold)  is usually passive in this meaning.


alignment

the state of being arranged in a line with something or parallel to something

the geometrical alignment of the Sun, Moon, and Earth at the eclipse

日食或月食发生时太阳、月亮和地球成几何直线的排列

车轮偏位，不在一条直线上。

support given by one country or group to another in politics, defence etc


alike

我和母亲在许多方面很相似。


alike

[great minds think alike](bold) at → [great](->great) 1 sense 15

used to emphasize that you mean both the people, groups, or things that you have just mentioned

两者都〔用于强调刚提及的两者〕

I learned a lot from teachers and students alike.

我从老师和学生身上都获益良多。


alive

[skin sb alive](bold) at → [skin](->skin) 2 sense 3

It was a bad accident – they’re lucky to be alive.

这是一宗严重事故——他们能活着实属幸运。

My grandparents are [still alive](bold).

我的祖父母和外祖父母都还健在。

We [stayed alive](bold) by eating berries.

He was [kept alive](bold) on a life-support machine.

Apparently he’s [alive and well](bold) and living in Brazil.

看来他还健在，住在巴西。

Ancient traditions are very much alive in rural areas.

古老的传统在农村根深蒂固。

Christianity is [alive and well](bold) in Asia.

The sport is still very much [alive and kicking](bold) in this country.

这项体育运动在该国依然很流行。

It was the kind of morning when you wake up and [feel](bold) really [alive](bold).

这是一个醒来时觉得充满活力的早晨。

The whole house was alive with activity.

if a subject or event comes alive, it becomes interesting and seems real

Hopefully, we can make history come alive for the children.

希望我们可以让孩子感到历史是生动的。

if someone comes alive, they suddenly become happy and interested in what is happening

She only came alive when she sat down at the piano.

她一坐在钢琴旁就精神起来。

if a town, city etc comes alive, it becomes busy

〔城镇等〕热闹起来，变得繁忙

seaside resorts that come alive in the summer

夏季变得热闹的海滨度假胜地

be alive to a fact/possibility/danger etc

to know that a particular fact etc exists and that it is important

了解某事实/注意到可能性/意识到危险等

The company is alive to the threat posed by foreign imports.

这家公司了解国外进口商品所造成的威胁。

to be full of living things that are moving

充满某活物，到处都是某活物

池塘里满是游来游去的鱼。

The way he describes his characters really brings them alive.

他的描写手法使笔下人物栩栩如生。


all

[for all sb cares](bold) at → [care](->care) 2 sense 8 [for all sb knows](bold) at → [know](->know) 1 sense 33 [all and sundry](bold) at → [sundry](->sundry) sense 1 [after all](bold) at → [after](->after) 1 sense 13

You use [all the](bold)  or [all of the](bold)  when talking about every one of a particular group of people or things: [All the](bold) students have gone home. [All of the ](bold)students have gone home.

You use [all](bold)  directly before a plural noun to mean every person or thing of a particular type: All men are created equal. All children like chocolate.

You say: [Everyone](bold) liked the film.

You can also say: [They all](bold) liked the film.
Don't say: [All people liked the film.](strike)

You use [everyone](bold)  when talking about all of the members of a group of people. You can also say [they all](bold)  or [we all](bold)  when this group is the subject of the sentence.

You say: They want to protect the rights of [all people](bold).

You use[ all people](bold)  when talking about every person in the world.

You can also say: [All people who](bold) take part in sport should have regular check-ups. Almost [all people with](bold) the disease have smoked at some time in their lives.

You use [all people](bold)  with a relative clause or [that](bold)  clause, which shows which group of people you are talking about.

the whole of an amount, thing, or type of thing

[all your life/all day/all year etc](bold)(=during the whole of your life, a day, a year etc)

They were quarrelling [all the time](bold)(=very often or continuously).

Hannah didn’t say a single word [all the way](bold) back home (=during the whole of the journey).

回家时汉娜一路上没说一句话。

Almost all of the music was from Italian operas.

几乎所有的音乐都选自意大利歌剧。

She’d given up all hope of having a child.

她完全放弃了生孩子的希望。

every one of a number of people or things, or every thing or person of a particular type

Will all the girls please stand over here.

Sixteen per cent of all new cars sold in Western Europe these days are diesel-engined.

如今，在西欧销售的所有新车中有16%配备柴油发动机。

他们都会说一口漂亮的英语。

important changes that will affect all of us

将影响我们每个人的重大变革

All you need is a hammer and some nails.

你只需要一把锤子和一些钉子。

我要的不过是一点点尊重而已。

All was dark and silent down by the harbour wall.

港口堤岸一片漆黑，万籁俱寂。

used to emphasize that you mean the greatest possible amount of the quality you are mentioning

Can any of us say in all honesty that we did everything we could?

我们之中有谁真的能说自己尽力了？

used in negative statements and questions to emphasize what you are saying

完全〔不〕，一点〔都不〕

They’ve done nothing at all to try and put the problem right.

他们根本没有采取任何行动去解决这个问题。

‘Do you mind if I stay a little longer?’ ‘No, not at all.’

“你介不介意我再待一会儿？”“完全不介意。”

Social workers have to deal with all kinds of problems.

社会工作者必须处理各种问题。

used to emphasize that your statement is true of one particular person, thing, or place more than any other

在所有的人/事物/地方之中等唯独

You shouldn’t have done it. You of all people should know that.

你不该那样做，这一点你是最应该知道的。

She did not want to quarrel with Maria today, of all days.

偏偏今天她不想与玛丽亚争吵。

used to show that you are considering every part of a situation

All in all, it had been one of the most miserable days of Henry’s life.

总的说来，这是亨利一生中最痛苦的日子之一。

For all his faults, he’s a kind-hearted old soul.

尽管他有种种缺点，但他还是位善良的老人。

For all my love of landscape, nothing could persuade me to spend another day in the Highlands.

尽管我很喜欢看风景，但是没什么能说服我在苏格兰高地再多留一天。

We received £1,550 in cash and promises of another £650, making £2,200 in all.

我们收到1,550英镑现金，加上对方承诺会另付650英镑，总计2,200英镑。

including the thing or things just mentioned

They ate the whole fish – head, bones, tail, and all.

他们把整条鱼都吃掉了，鱼头、鱼骨、鱼尾通通进了肚子。

used to emphasize a remark that you have just added

And you can take that smelly old coat out of here, and all!

你还可以把那件发臭的旧大衣也拿走！

used to emphasize how large or small an amount actually is

足足[仅仅]花了50便士/20分钟等〔强调数量之大或小〕

那场比赛一共就进行了58秒钟。

The repairs are going to cost all of £15,000.

修理要花费足足15,000英镑。

used to say that unless something is done completely, it is not acceptable

Half-heartedness won’t do – it’s got to be all or nothing.

三心二意是不行的——要么全力以赴，要么什么都不干。

to make the greatest possible effort in order to achieve something

The coach expects every player to give their all in every game.

教练希望每一名队员在每一场比赛中都全力以赴。

used to say that you only just succeeded in doing something

It was all I could do to stop them hitting each other.

我好不容易才让他们停止了互殴。

used to remind someone about an important point that needs to be considered

毕竟，终究〔用以提醒某人需要考虑的重要一点〕

When all’s said and done, he’s only a kid.

wrong, crazy etc in many ways, or very wrong, crazy etc

错得一塌糊涂/非常疯狂等


all

You shouldn’t be sitting here by yourself, all alone.

你不应该一个人孤零零地坐在这儿。

If people want more freedom of choice, then I’m [all for](bold) it (=I strongly support it).

如果民众想要更多选择的自由，我完全支持。

‘It was a dreadful experience.’ ‘Never mind, it’s [all over](bold)(=completely finished) now.’

“真是一段可怕的经历。”“没关系，现在都过去了。”

There were bits of paper all over the floor.

She ached all over (=her whole body ached).

Antique clocks from all over the world are on display.

正在展出的有来自世界各地的古玩钟。

They’re putting up new offices all over the place.

他们到处设立新的办事处。

used to emphasize how much better, easier etc something is than it would be in a different situation

好得多/简单得多/多得多等〔用于强调〕

Clayton’s achievement is all the more remarkable when you consider his poor performance last season.

相比上一赛季的糟糕表现，克莱顿现在的成绩出色多了。

The job was made all the easier by having the proper tools.

有了合适的工具，这工作就容易多了。

Britain’s coal industry has all but disappeared.

英国的煤炭工业几乎已经绝迹。

used to mean ‘very’ when talking about a bad situation

非常，甚〔用于表示不好的情形〕

All too often it’s the mother who gets blamed for her children’s behaviour.

人们总是把孩子的行为问题怪到母亲头上。

In these conditions it was all too easy to make mistakes.

在这些情况下很容易犯错。

all the time from the beginning while something was happening

Chapman had known all along that the plan wouldn’t work.

查普曼从一开始就知道，这计划成不了。

We had to admit that Dad had been right all along.

我们不得不承认，爸爸一直是对的。

used to say that you are describing the general quality or effect of something

总的来说，这事情令人很苦恼。

from everyone, for everyone, or involving everyone

used when giving the score of a game in which both players or teams have scored the same number of points

合计耗资10,000英镑的工程

used to say that someone’s success or happiness has ended

If someone tells the police, then it’ll be all up with me.

要是有人报警，我就全完了。

someone who is not all there seems stupid or slightly crazy

to be showing a lot of a particular quality or type of behaviour

满面笑容/非常纯真/十分亲切等

The mayor and mayoress were all smiles and kisses during the grand ceremony.

大典时，市长夫妇满面笑容，频频送吻。

to be trying to kiss someone and touch them, especially in a sexual way

Before I could speak, he was all over me.

我还没来得及开口，他就上来对我动手动脚。

used to say that a particular way of behaving is typical of someone

某人就是这样，那是典型的某人

He was late of course, but that’s Tim all over!

当然他又迟到了，不过这就是蒂姆的风格嘛！

used to report what someone said or did, when telling a story

He drove me home, and he was all, ‘I love this car ... it’s like a rocket.’

It doesn’t sound all that good, does it?

used to say that someone or something is not very attractive or desirable

I don’t know why you keep chasing her around. She’s not all that.


allegation

a statement that someone has done something wrong or illegal, but that has not been proved

〔无证据的〕陈述，说法，指控

[allegations of corruption/fraud/misconduct etc](bold)

Mr Singh has strongly [denied](bold) the [allegations](bold) of sexual harassment.

辛格先生强烈否认性骚扰的指控。

an allegation that senior government figures were involved

The teacher [made](bold) serious [allegations](bold) against a colleague.

那位老师对一位同事提出严重指控。

A committee will [investigate allegations](bold) of racial discrimination.

一个委员会将着手调查有关种族歧视的指控。


allege

to say that something is true or that someone has done something wrong, although it has not been proved

〔在未经证实下〕断言，宣称，声称，指控

It was alleged that the policeman had accepted bribes.

有人声称这名警察收受贿赂。

The prosecution alleged that the man had been responsible for an act of terrorism.

控方指控那名男子实施恐怖活动。

The water is alleged to be polluted with mercury.

据称这片水域受到汞污染。


allegedly

[adv](bold) <[sentence adverb](bold)> [formal](special)

used when reporting something that people say is true, although it has not been proved

a sports car, allegedly stolen in Manchester

一辆据称在曼彻斯特失窃的跑车


allegiance

loyalty to a leader, country, belief etc

〔对领袖、国家、信念等的〕忠诚，效忠

You [owe allegiance](bold)(=have a duty to give allegiance) to your king.

I pledge allegiance to the flag of the United States of America.

[switch/transfer allegiance](bold)(=start to support a different person, group etc)

The people here have strong [political allegiances](bold).

这里的民众政治忠诚度很高。


allergic

if you are allergic to something, you do not like it and try to avoid it – used humorously

不喜欢某事物，对某事物反感〔幽默用法〕

大多数男人都对家务活儿过敏！


allergy

a medical condition in which you become ill or in which your skin becomes red and painful because you have eaten or touched a particular substance


alleviate

[alleviation](bold) /əˌliːviˈeɪʃ/  n. <U>

to make something less painful or difficult to deal with

减轻，缓和〔痛苦或困难〕

[alleviate the problem/situation/suffering etc](bold)

a new medicine to alleviate the symptoms of flu


alley

→ [blind alley](->blind alley) → [bowling alley](->bowling alley)

a narrow street between or behind buildings, not usually used by cars

She found the side alley where the stage door was located.

她找到了剧场后门所在的小巷。

正合某人的胃口；非常适合某人

这工作听上去正合你的胃口。


alliance

[unholy alliance](bold) at → [unholy](->unholy) sense 1

NATO has been the most successful military alliance in history.

They agreed not to make any political alliance with the East.

(=arranged as part of a military, political, or business plan)

Strategic alliances are being forged with major European companies.

(=made between parties before an election)

The weaker Liberal Democratic party was now considering an electoral alliance with Labour.

the shifting alliances in the Middle East

He forged a strong alliance between his state and the church.

A loose alliance of opposition groups formed in 1990.

In 1902, Japan made an alliance with Britain.

Spain then entered into an alliance with France.

They won the election by forging an alliance with the Social Democrats.

The Athenians broke off the alliance with Sparta and made alliances with Argos and Thessaly.

an arrangement in which two or more countries, groups etc agree to work together to try to change or achieve something

Britain’s [military alliance](bold) with her NATO partners

英国与其北约伙伴的军事联盟

the possibility of a [political alliance](bold) between the two parties

[make/enter into/form/forge an alliance](bold)(=agree to work together)

The companies have formed an alliance to market the product.

各家公司联手将该产品推向市场。

a group of two or more countries, groups etc who work together to achieve something

if two groups, countries etc are in alliance, they work together to achieve something or protect each another

（与某人/某物）联盟，联手

Relief workers in alliance with local charities are trying to help the victims.

救济人员与当地慈善机构联合起来，设法帮助灾民。

a close relationship, especially a marriage, between people

〔人与人之间的〕紧密关系；〔尤指〕联姻


allied

belonging or relating to the countries that fought with Britain, the US etc in the First or Second World War

〔第一次世界大战〕协约国的；〔第二次世界大战〕同盟国的

to be related to something or to be very similar

Anthropology is closely allied to the field of psychology.

人类学与心理学领域紧密关联。

connected with each other because of being similar to or dependent on each other

相关的工业/组织/行业等

joined by the same political, military, or economic aims


allocate

to use something for a particular purpose, give something to a particular person etc, especially after an official decision has been made

the importance of [allocating resources](bold) to local communities

将资源分配给地方社区的重要性

You should allocate the same amount of time to each question.

你应当给每个问题分配相同的时间。

One million dollars was allocated for disaster relief.

拨出100万美元用于救灾。

Several patients were waiting to be allocated a bed.

有几位病人在等着分配床位。


allocation

the amount or share of something that has been allocated for a particular purpose

Twelve hours a week seemed a generous allocation of your time.

一周12个小时，这好像占用了你很多时间。

the decision to allocate something, or the act of allocating it


allow

→ [let](->let) 1 → [forbid](->forbid) sense 1

You [allow](bold)  someone [to do](bold)  something: Her boss allows her to work from home.

Something [is allowed](bold) : Working from home is allowed.

[Allow](bold)  is often used in the passive.

You [let ](bold) someone [do ](bold) something: Her boss lets her work from home.
Don’t say: [let someone to do something](strike)

[Let](bold)  is not used in the passive.

Something [ is permitted](bold) : Working from home is permitted.

Someone [is permitted to do](bold)  something: Employees are permitted to work from home.

[Permit](bold)  is usually used in the passive.

to say that someone can do something – used about parents, teachers, or people in authority

They don’t allow students to chew gum in the classroom.

I’m not allowed to stay out after ten o'clock.

to allow someone to do something.[ Let](bold) is not used in the passive, and is much more commonly used in everyday English than [allow](bold)

Will your mum let you come to the party?

I’ll borrow John’s bicycle, if he’ll let me.

if something is permitted, it is allowed according to the rules – used especially on written notices and announcements

Smoking is not permitted anywhere in the building.

used when someone in an important official position decides to allow someone to do something

He was given special permission to leave school early.

The Home Office has given him permission to stay in Britain indefinitely.

to say that you will allow someone to do something that will affect you personally, or a member of your family, when you have a legal right to say ‘no’

Her parents have given their consent to the marriage.

You can’t build on someone’s land without the owner’s consent.

to officially allow a planned project or activity to happen

The government finally gave the go-ahead for a new terminal at Heathrow airport.

A new nuclear plant has been given the go-ahead.

to officially or legally allow someone to do something – used about laws or people

The UN resolution would authorize the use of force.

I never authorized them to give information about me to other banks.

to give someone the right to do or have something

The pass entitles you to travel on any bus, at any time, in Norwich.

If the goods are faulty, the customer is entitled to a refund.

to give official approval and support for something

The Truman administration refused to sanction a military attack.

The advertisements were sanctioned by the candidate himself.

to let someone do or have something, or let something happen

My parents wouldn’t allow me to go to the party.

Students are not allowed to eat in class.

学生们在课堂上不允许吃东西。

[sth is allowed](bold)(=something is officially permitted)

Passengers are allowed one item of hand luggage each.

每位乘客允许携带一件手提行李。

He allowed himself the occasional glass of wine.

他偶尔会喝上一杯葡萄酒。

Students should be allowed to make their own decisions.

应该允许学生们自己作决定。

Don’t allow your problems to dominate your life.

不要让碰到的问题支配你的生活。

to make it possible for something to happen or for someone to do something, especially something helpful or useful

Our new system will allow for more efficient use of resources.

A 24-hour ceasefire allowed the two armies to reach an agreement.

24小时的停火让两军达成了一项协议。

a seat belt that allows the driver greater freedom of movement

让司机活动更自如的安全带

This adjustment of the figures allows a fairer comparison.

给数据做这样的调整可以使对比更加公正。

to be sure that you have enough time, money, food etc available for a particular purpose

留出，给予〔足够的时间、金钱、食物等〕

Allow yourselves plenty of time to get to the airport.

I’ve allowed half a bottle of wine for each person.

我给每个人准备了半瓶酒。

to accept that something is correct or true, or that something is acceptable according to the rules or law

I allow that there may have been a mistake.

我承认其中可能有个错误。

used as a polite way of offering to help someone do something

‘Allow me,’ the waiter said, opening the door.

“让我来。”服务员边说边打开门。


allowance

an amount of money that you are given regularly or for a special purpose

His father gives him a monthly allowance of £200.

他父亲每月给他200英镑的生活费。

Do you [get an allowance](bold) for clothes?

Sales staff get a generous mileage allowance or a company car.

销售人员有优厚的里程补贴或者公司提供的专用汽车。

If you are entitled to sickness allowance, you must claim it from your employer.

你如果有资格领取疾病津贴，必须向雇主申请索要。

an amount of something that is acceptable or safe

the recommended [daily allowance](bold) of Vitamin C

维生素C的每日建议摄入量

Passengers’ baggage allowance is 75 pounds per person.

乘客行李限重是每人75磅。

an amount of money that you can earn without paying tax on it

a small amount of money that a parent regularly gives to a child

〔父母给小孩的〕零用钱，零花钱

something that you consider when deciding what is likely to happen, what you should expect etc

There is always an allowance in insurance premiums for whether someone smokes or not.

保费总是要考虑到被保险人是否吸烟。

[make (an) allowance/make allowances (for sth)](bold)

The budget makes allowances for extra staff when needed.

预算会考虑到必要时增聘员工的开支。

to let someone behave in a way you do not normally approve of, because you know there are special reasons for their behaviour

Dad’s under pressure – you have to make allowances.

爸爸压力大——你得体谅。


all right

[a bit of all right](bold) at → [bit](->bit) 1 sense 12

[adj](bold) <[not before noun](bold)> [adv](bold) [interjection](bold)

还算可以（的），比较满意的[地]

‘What’s the food like?’ ‘It’s all right, but the place on campus is better.’

“饭菜怎么样？” “还可以，但是校园里那家更好些。”

‘How’s school going, Steve?’ ‘Oh, all right, I guess.’

“史蒂夫，学习怎么样？”“噢，我想还不错吧。”

not ill, hurt, or upset or not having any problems

Kate looks really unhappy – I’d better make sure she’s all right.

凯特看上去很不高兴，我最好去看看她是不是有事。

The kids seem to be [getting on all right](bold) at school.

孩子们在学校里好像表现不错。

Tony was worried about the meeting but it [went all right](bold)(=happened with no problems).

托尼本来挺担心这次会议，但是会开得很顺利。

Don’t worry, it’ll [turn out all right](bold).

She’s doing all right – she’s got a job with Microsoft.

她过得不错，在微软公司工作。

used to say whether something is suitable or convenient

We’ll eat at eight. Does that [sound all right](bold) to you?

我们8点钟吃饭，你看行吗？

used to make someone feel less afraid or worried

别怕，没事〔用于安慰对方〕

used to reply to someone who thanks you or says they are sorry about something

别客气，不要紧〔用于回答对方的感谢或道歉〕

‘Thanks for all your help!’ ‘That’s [quite all right](bold).’

“谢谢你帮了我那么多！”“不必客气。”

used to ask or give permission for something

可以，好，行〔用于征求或给予许可〕

used to agree with someone’s suggestion, although you may be slightly unwilling

好吧〔用于同意某人的建议，尽管也许有一丝不情愿〕

“为什么不一起去呢？”“嗯，好吧。”

used to check that someone understands what you have said, or to show that you understand

好吗，好的〔用于确定对方是否明白，或表示你明白了〕

I’ll leave a key with the neighbours, all right?

我会在邻居家里留一把钥匙，好吗？

‘The train leaves at 5.30.’ ‘All right, I’m coming!’

“火车5点半开。”“好的，我就来！”

used when asking in a threatening or angry way what someone’s intentions are

好啊〔用于威吓或愤怒时〕

All right, you two. What are you doing in my room?

好啊，你们两个。你们在我房间里干什么？

used to introduce a new subject or to end a conversation

好了〔用于引入新话题或结束对话〕

All right, now I’d like to introduce our first speaker.

好了，现在我来介绍第一位演讲者。

used to say that someone else does not have the problems that you have, or that you are jealous because someone else is luckier than you

某人没有这种问题；某人就是幸运

‘I get eight weeks’ holiday a year.‘ ’Well, [it’s all right for some](bold).'

“我一年有八周休假。”“唉，有些人就是运气好。”

used to emphasize that you are certain about something

‘Are you sure it was Bill?’ ‘Oh, yes, it was him all right.’

“你肯定是比尔？”“噢，是的，肯定是他。”

used to say you are happy about something you have just been told

好啊〔用于表示对刚听说的事感到高兴〕

used to describe someone you like or approve of

挺好的〔用于描述喜欢或赞许的人〕

‘The new boss isn’t too bad, is she?’ ‘No, she’s all right.’

“新老板还行，是不是？”“是啊，她挺好的。”

used as a greeting when you meet someone you know well, or reply to a greeting

好吗，挺好〔用于同熟人打招呼〕

‘How are you, John?’ ‘Oh, all right – can’t complain.’

“约翰，你好吗？”“啊，挺好的，还不错。”

used to describe someone’s attitude when they do not care about other people as long as they themselves are happy, comfortable etc

我过得好就行〔用于描述只顾自己开心、舒服，不管别人怎样的态度〕

used to say that something will be successful, even though there have been lots of problems

船到桥头自然直，车到山前必有路

Workmen have yet to finish the new complex, but the organisers are confident it will be all right on the night.

工人们还没建成新的综合大楼，但组织者相信船到桥头自然直。


ally

ˈælaɪ, əˈlaɪ

a country that agrees to help or support another country in a war

the group of countries including Britain and the US that fought together in the First and Second World Wars

〔第一次世界大战的〕协约国；〔第二次世界大战的〕同盟国

someone who helps and supports you when other people are trying to oppose you

Ridley was one of the Queen’s [closest allies](bold).

里德利是女王最亲密的盟友之一。

a [staunch ally](bold)(=very close ally) of President Soares

苏亚雷斯总统的一位坚定支持者

她知道特德已经是她的盟友了。

something that helps you succeed in a difficult situation

Exercise is an important ally in your campaign to lose weight.

锻炼在减肥计划中是重要的辅助手段。


ally

[past tense and past participle](italic) [allied](bold) [present participle](italic) [allying](bold) [third person singular](italic) [allies](bold)

to help and support other people or countries, especially in a war or disagreement

Some of the northern cities allied themselves with the emperor.

北方一些城市与皇帝结盟。


almighty

the Almighty/Almighty God/Almighty Father

expressions used to talk about God that emphasize His power

an expression used when you are angry or upset. Some people consider this use offensive.

天啊〔用于表示愤怒或不高兴，有些人认为这种用法具有冒犯性〕

巨大的喧闹声/碰撞声/争吵声等

There was an almighty bang and the car came to a halt.

砰的一声巨响，汽车停了下来。


almost

[Almost](bold)  usually comes before a main verb: I [almost cried](bold).

[Almost](bold)  usually comes after ‘be’ when it is the main verb: I [am almost](bold) ready.

[Almost](bold)  comes after the first auxiliary verb: She [has almost](bold) decided. It [could almost](bold) be described as luminous.
Don’t say: [She almost has decided.](strike)

almost. [Nearly](bold) is more commonly used in British English than American English

I’ve been a teacher for nearly 10 years now.

The frost killed practically every plant in the garden.

very nearly  – use this when saying that the difference is not important

All the rooms are more or less the same size.

His jacket was pretty much the same colour as his trousers.

The policy will benefit just about everyone.

(getting on toward (especially AmE) (informal) )

almost a particular time, age, or period of time – used especially when you are not sure of the exact time, age etc

It’s getting on for 10 years since we last saw each other.

‘How old’s Diane?’ ‘She must be getting on toward 50.’

almost a particular number, amount, or time – used especially when the number or amount is surprisingly large or the time is very late

It was close to midnight by the time we arrived.

They’ve spent close to $1.3 billion on the project.

almost – used when a number or amount is still increasing or a time is getting nearer

She was on the verge of tears almost crying.

They were on the verge of making a decision.

to be very close to an extremely bad situation

The two countries are on the brink of war.

The company was on the brink of bankruptcy.

Almost nothing was done to improve the situation.

几乎没有采取什么措施来改善这个情况。

The story is [almost certainly](bold) true.

几乎可以肯定，这故事是真实的。

He’s [almost as](bold) old [as](bold) I am.

玛莎几乎每天都去看望儿子。


alone

See if you can work out the answer by yourself.

all on your own/all by yourself(=used when you feel impressed or feel sympathy for someone)

Did you paint this picture all on your own?

It’s not fair that she does everything all by herself.

without any help from anyone else. [Alone](bold) is more formal and less common than [on your own](bold) or [by yourself](bold)

without asking for help or advice from anyone

Students are taught to work independently.

One day she will have to live independently without the support of her family.

without the help of anyone or anything – used especially about people who are very weak, ill etc

After treatment, he was able to go up and down stairs unaided.

doing something difficult or impressive without help from anyone else

She single-handedly reformed the entire system.

Lindbergh’s solo flight across the Atlantic Ocean

She is planning to release a solo album.

doing something alone – used especially in the following phrases

Police say the attack was carried out by a lone gunman.

The government should do more to help lone parents who raise a child alone.

someone who has become very rich or successful without help from anyone else

a self-made man/millionaire/businessman etc

Like most self-made men, he was extremely self-confident.

[adj](bold) <[not before noun](bold)> [adv](bold)

if you are alone in a place, there is no one with you

You shouldn’t [leave](bold) a child [alone](bold) in the house.

你不应该把小孩独自留在家里。

My wife and I like to spend time [alone together](bold) away from the kids.

我和妻子喜欢没有孩子打扰，过二人世界。

In everyday English, people often say [by yourself](bold)  or [on your own](bold)  rather than [alone](bold) :

She lives [by herself/on her own](bold).

It was scary being [all alone](bold) in a strange city.

孤身一人在陌生的城市中很可怕。

She was [all alone in the world](bold)(=she had no family or friends to help her or look after her).

I cried like a child because I [felt so alone](bold).

我感到很孤独，像个孩子似的哭了起来。

He was left to raise their two children alone.

只留下他独力抚养他们的两个孩子。

The case will cost thousands of pounds in legal fees alone.

这个案子仅律师费一项就要数千英镑。

used to emphasize that there is only one person who knows, can do something etc

只有朱莉一个人知道真相。

to start working or living on your own, especially after working or living with other people

单独行动，独自干；独立出去生活

After years of working for a big company I decided to go it alone.

在一家大公司工作多年后，我决定自己单干。

(also: [let sb alone](bold) (old-fashioned) )

to stop annoying or interrupting someone

(also: [let sth alone](bold) (old-fashioned) )

to stop touching an object or changing something

不要碰某物；不改变某事物

Leave those cakes alone. They’re for the guests.

别动那些蛋糕，那是给客人吃的。

[leave well (enough) alone](bold)(=not change something that is satisfactory)

In economic matters, they should leave well alone.

在经济问题上，他们一动不如一静。

used to emphasize that something belongs to someone

是你/她/他等一个人的〔用于强调〕

The responsibility is yours and yours alone.

to not be the only person to do something

并不只是 …一个人做某事

You’re not alone in feeling upset, believe me.

相信我，并不只是你一个人感到不快。

to be at a distance from other objects or buildings

The house stood alone at the end of the road.

那幢房子孤零零地矗立在路的尽头。


along

I was driving along, thinking about Chris.

我一边开车，一边想着克里斯。

a group of children walking along in a line

to go or come to a place where something is happening

You’re welcome to come along if you like.

I think I’ll go along and watch the game.

to take someone or something with you to a place

Mandy brought some of her friends along.

曼迪带了她的几个朋友来。

你为什么不把吉他带上呢？

Another bus should be along in a minute.

下一辆公共汽车应该一会儿就到。

Every so often, a band comes along that changes music history.

偶尔会出现一支能改写音乐史的乐队。

After a five-hour operation, Wendy is coming along just fine.

经过五个小时的手术，温迪恢复得很不错。

Dunne was murdered, along with three guards.

邓恩与三名卫兵一起被谋杀。

all the time from the beginning, while something was happening

They should have known all along that she was lying.

他们应该从一开始就知道她在撒谎。


along

from one place on something such as a line, road, or edge towards the other end of it

我们沿着福莱福特路行驶。

She glanced anxiously along the line of faces.

她焦急地扫视着这一排面孔。

他的手顺着她的臂膀滑下。

沿着 …的边缘，沿着 …旁边

The palm trees along the shore swayed in the wind.

沿岸的棕榈树在风中摇曳。

the toolbar along the top of your screen

There were cheering crowds [all along](bold) Pennsylvania Avenue.

宾夕法尼亚大道一路上都是欢呼的人群。

a particular distance away, on or beside something long such as a line, road, edge etc

Hugo’s house was about two hundred yards away along the main street.

雨果的家在沿大街过去约两百码的地方。

The bathroom is [just along](bold)(=a short distance along) the corridor.

during a process or experience, or during someone’s life

在这一过程[经历]中；在生活道路上

I’ve been lucky, but I’ve had my share of heartbreak along the way.

我很幸运，但这一路走来也有过心碎的经历。


alongside

Children’s prices are shown alongside adult prices.

儿童票价标在成人票价旁边。

used to say that people or things do something or exist together at the same time

Charles spent a week working alongside the miners.

查尔斯花了一周时间与矿工一起干活。

Organized crime continued to flourish alongside the mainstream economy.

主流经济发展的同时，有组织犯罪依旧猖獗。

His achievement may seem small alongside the great triumphs of 20th-century technology.

Athletics should [rank alongside](bold)(=be equal to) soccer and cricket as a major sport.

田径应该和足球、板球一样，被列为主要体育项目。


aloud

if you read, laugh, say something etc aloud, you read etc so that people can hear you

乔安妮，你来朗诵这首诗好吗？

[think aloud](bold)(=say the things you are thinking)

‘What did you say?’ ‘ Sorry, I was just thinking aloud.’

“你说什么？”“对不起，我只是在自言自语。”

→ Do not use [aloud](bold) to mean ‘in a loud voice’. Use [loudly](bold)[You need to speak quite loudly for the people at the back.](italic)


alphabet

a set of letters, arranged in a particular order, and used in writing


alphabetical

ˌælfəˈbetɪkəl◂

ˌælfəˈbetɪkəl◂

[alphabetically](bold) /-kli/  adv. eg: Are the records [filed alphabetically](bold)?

also: [al‧pha‧bet‧ic](bold) /ˌælfəˈbetɪk◂/  [adj](bold)

字母表的；按照字母顺序的

The files are arranged [in alphabetical order](bold).

这些文件按字母顺序排列。


already

[Already](bold)  often comes at the end of a sentence: I knew that already. I was tired already. I have booked the tickets already.

As well as at the end of a sentence, [already](bold)  can be used in the following ways:

[Already](bold)  can come before a main verb: I already knew that.

[Already](bold)  comes after ‘be’ when it is the main verb: I was already tired.
Don’t say: [I already was tired.](strike)

[Already](bold)  comes after the first auxiliary verb: I have already booked the tickets.
Don’t say: [I already have booked the tickets.](strike)

已经〔表示在此之前或某个特定时间之前〕

The design of the new house is similar to those that have already been built.

新房的设计与那些已建好的房子相似。

The performance had already started when we arrived.

我们到达时表演已经开始了。

used to say that something has been done before and does not need doing again

已经〔表示已做过某事，不必再做〕

你已经告诉过我那件事了。

‘Fancy a coffee?’ ‘No thanks, I already have one.’

“想来杯咖啡吗？”“不了，谢谢，我已经有一杯了。”

used to say that something has happened too soon or before the expected time

已经〔表示太早发生或比预期快〕

你已经把所有的食物都吃完了？

used to say that a situation exists and it might get worse, greater etc

已经〔表示某种情况存在，而且可能进一步恶化、严重等〕


also

in addition to something else that you have mentioned

Information is also available on women’s health care.

还可以获得有关女性卫生保健方面的资料。

She sings beautifully [and also](bold) plays the flute and piano.

她歌唱得好，而且还会吹长笛和弹钢琴。

The system was [not only](bold) complicated [but also](bold) ineffective.

这套系统不仅复杂而且效率低。

In written English, avoid starting a sentence with [also](bold) . Use [furthermore](bold)  or [moreover](bold)  instead, or put [also](bold)  before the main verb:

used to say that the same thing is true about another person or thing


altar

a holy table or surface used in religious ceremonies

a crucifix above the [high altar](bold)(=the main altar in a church)

The victim was tied to a sacrificial altar.

the area furthest from the entrance of a church, where the priest or minister stands

〔教堂里牧师站立的〕讲坛


alter

to change, or to make someone or something change

Her face hadn’t altered much over the years.

过了这么多年，她的容貌并没有多大改变。

The city centre has altered beyond recognition (=changed very much).

市中心变得都认不出来了。

Nothing can alter the fact that the refugees are our responsibility.

我们有责任帮助难民，这一事实无法改变。

to make a piece of clothing longer, wider etc so that it fits

She had the dress altered for the wedding.

她让人把礼服改一下婚礼上穿。


alteration

ˌɔːltəˈreɪʃən

a small change that makes someone or something slightly different, or the process of this change

If you [make alterations to](bold) the Windows setup, save the new settings before closing.

如果更改了视窗操作系统的设置，关闭前要保存新的设置。

Have you noticed any alteration in the patient’s behaviour?

你有没有注意到病人的行为有什么改变？

The King’s Arms pub is to [undergo](bold) extensive [alterations](bold).

国王之徽酒馆将要大变样了。


alternate

[adj](bold) <[usually before noun](bold)>

if something happens on alternate days, weeks etc, it happens on one day etc and not the next, and continues in this pattern

这个服务机构隔天开放一次。

In everyday English, instead of [alternate days/Fridays/weeks](bold)  etc, people usually use the phrase [every other day/Friday/week](bold)  etc:

[We meet on [alternate](bold) Saturdays.](strike)

two alternate things are placed one after the other in a regular pattern

Arrange the leeks and noodles in [alternate layers](bold).

一层韭葱、一层面条地交替放置。

used to replace another thing of the same type

the appointment of an alternate director


alternate

[alternation](bold) /ˌɔːltəˈneɪʃ/ US /ˌɒːltər-, ˌæl-/  n. <C,U>

if two things alternate, or if you alternate them, they happen one after the other in a repeated pattern

She alternated between outrage and sympathy.

她时而义愤填膺，时而同情感伤。

Periods of depression alternate with excited behavior.

沮丧期与兴奋行为交替出现。

Twist your body, alternating right and left stretches.

扭动身体，向左向右交替伸展。


alternative

ɔːlˈtɜːnətɪv

an alternative idea, plan etc is different from the one you have and can be used instead

可替代的；另外的；两者择一的

Have you any [alternative suggestions](bold)?

An [alternative route](bold) is along the Via Unione.

另一条路线是沿着联合路走。

deliberately different from what is usual, expected, or traditional

sources of [alternative energy](bold)(=energy produced by the sun, wind etc rather than by gas, coal etc)

tolerance of [alternative lifestyles](bold)

[alternative medicine/therapies](bold)(=medical treatment that is not based on the usual western methods)

Acupuncture is widely used by practitioners of alternative medicine.

针刺疗法被非西方传统医学从业者广泛利用。


alternative

If you don’t want curtains, blinds are a good alternative.

I’m busy tomorrow but Wednesday is a possible alternative.

Co-operation offers the only real alternative.

Hydrogen offers a viable alternative to petrol and diesel.

This treatment represents a practical alternative to surgery.

A take-away is a cheap alternative to eating out.

Will there ever be a safe alternative to nuclear power?

Low-fat biscuits are a healthy alternative to cake.

You have a few alternatives to choose from.

If your first choice is not available, we always have alternatives to offer.

Do you have an alternative you can suggest?

People are seeking alternatives to meat-based dishes.

The program is directed to finding alternatives to oil and natural gas.

have no/little alternative (but to do sth)

leave sb with no alternative (but to do sth)

I was left with no alternative but to seek legal advice.

something you can choose to do or use instead of something else

Is there a [viable alternative](bold) to the present system?

有没有切实可行的制度能够替代现行体制？

If payment is not received, legal action will be our [only alternative](bold).

如果收不到付款，我们只能采取法律行动。

I [had no alternative](bold) but to report him to the police.

除了向警方举报他，我别无选择。

He quickly assessed the alternatives open to him.

他迅速估计了一下还有哪些办法可以采用。


alternatively

ɔːlˈtɜːnətɪvli

You can relax on the beach [or alternatively](bold) visit the bustling town centre.

你可以在沙滩上休息，或者也可以逛逛热闹的镇中心。


although

used to introduce a statement that makes your main statement seem surprising or unlikely

Although in poor health, she continued to carry out her duties.

尽管身体不好，她仍继续执行任务。

We decided to take rooms in Longwood House, although we knew we could not really afford the rent.

虽然我们知道自己其实付不起租金，但还是决定住朗伍德庄园的房间。

Although I can’t help admiring the man’s courage, I do not approve of his methods.

尽管我不得不佩服那个男子的勇气，却并不赞成他的方法。

used to add a statement that balances or reduces the effect of what you have just said

You can copy down my answers, although I’m not sure they’re right.

你可以抄我的答案，但是我不敢肯定我答得是否正确。

No, this is my responsibility, although I appreciate your offer.

不用了，这是我的责任，不过谢谢你的好意。


altitude

the height of an object or place above the sea

We’re [flying at an altitude](bold) of 40,000 feet.

我们的飞行高度为四万英尺。

At high altitudes it is difficult to get enough oxygen.

在海拔高的地方很难呼吸到足够的氧气。


altogether

ˌɔːltəˈɡeðə◂

ˌɒːltəˈɡeðər◂

used to emphasize that something has been done completely or has finished completely

完全，全部〔用于强调完成或结束〕

an old custom that has vanished altogether

Congress could ban the procession altogether.

国会可以完全禁止这次游行。

used to emphasize that the way you describe something is completely true

十分，全然〔用于强调对某事物的描述属实〕

In Canada, the situation is altogether different.

在加拿大，情况完全不一样。

This latest problem is [altogether more](bold) serious.

这一最新问题实在是严重多了。

I wasn’t altogether happy about Mike staying over.

我对迈克在这里过夜并不十分高兴。

The results were not altogether surprising.

used to show that you are referring to the total amount

used to make a final statement about several things you have just mentioned

Lots of sunshine, wonderful food, and amazing nightlife – altogether a great vacation!

充沛的阳光，可口的食物，美妙的夜生活——总而言之，这是个完美的假期！


altogether

not wearing any clothes – used humorously

Several of the men were parading around in the altogether.

其中有几个男人正一丝不挂地在走来走去。


aluminium

([BrE](special)) AmE [a‧lu‧mi‧num](bold) /əˈluːmənəm/  [n](bold) <[U](bold)>

a silver-white metal that is very light and is used to make cans, cooking pans, window frames etc. It is a chemical element: symbol Al

铝〔一种化学元素，符号为Al〕


always

[Always](bold)  usually comes before a verb: I [always travel](bold) with my girlfriend.
Don’t say: [Always I travel with my girlfriend.](strike)

[Always](bold)  usually comes after the verb ‘be’: He [was always](bold) very intelligent.

You sometimes use [always](bold)  before ‘be’ to emphasize that two statements are connected: Henry did well in his exams. He [always was](bold) very intelligent.

[Always](bold)  usually comes after the auxiliary: I [have always](bold) loved Japan.

You sometimes use [always](bold)  before an auxiliary to emphasize that two statements are connected: I had a great time in Tokyo. I [always have](bold) loved Japan.

You use [still](bold)  when you want to emphasize that a situation has not changed: He still lives with his parents.
Don’t say: [He always lives with his parents.](strike)

all the time, at all times, or every time

He always carries his medicine wherever he goes.

if something lasts or continues forever, it remains or continues for all future time

He seemed to think he would live forever.

always, or for a very long time – used about changes that you expect to last forever. [Permanently ](bold) can be used with a verb or with an adjective

His eyesight may be permanently damaged.

They decided to move to Portugal permanently.

Remarks like that can affect someone for life.

forever – used to talk about a permanent change

Once a species dies out, it is gone for good.

forever – used when saying that something will last or be remembered forever because it is very good or special

Their deeds will be remembered for all time.

for the rest of your life – used when something has affected you very deeply

I’ll remember what he said to my dying day.

Always lock your bicycle to something secure.

每次都要把自行车锁在牢固的物体上。

She’d always assumed that Gabriel was a girl’s name.

她一直认为加布里埃尔是个女孩名字。

if someone or something is always doing something, they do it often, especially in an annoying way

That woman next door’s always complaining.

隔壁的那个女人老是抱怨个不停。

used to say that one important fact has to be accepted as true for something else to happen, be true etc

We’ll leave on Tuesday – always assuming the car’s repaired by then.

我们星期二出发——当然前提是那时车子已经修好。

The truth, as always, is more complicated.

同料想的一样，真相更为复杂。

As always, Deborah was the last to arrive.

同往常一样，德博拉又是最后一个到。

总还能做某事，总还有某物〔用于礼貌地建议〕

你再打个电话试试总是可以的。

If you can’t get it locally, there’s always the Internet.

如果你在当地买不到，总还有因特网呢。

used to say you are not surprised by what someone has done because it is typical of them

某人一贯幸运/衣冠不整等

He’s a troublemaker! Always was and always will be!

他就是个惹祸精！以前一向如此，以后也改不了！


a.m.

used to talk about times that are after midnight but before midday


amateur

ˈamətə, -tʃʊə, -tʃə, ˌæməˈtɜː

[amateurism](bold) n. <U> eg: well-meaning amateurism

someone who does an activity just for pleasure, not as their job

Mickelson won his first major golf tournament while still an amateur.

米克尔森还是业余选手时就赢得了他第一个重大高尔夫球锦标赛冠军。

someone who you think is not very skilled at something

You English are a bunch of amateurs when it comes to romance.

谈情说爱你们英格兰人就外行了。


amateur

doing something for pleasure, or done for pleasure, and not as a job

[amateur dramatics](bold)([BrE](bold))(=producing or acting in plays for pleasure)

这是一场非常业余的表演。


amaze

Dave amazed his friends by suddenly getting married.

戴夫突然结婚，令朋友们非常吃惊。

It still amazes me how much she has improved.

她进步很大，至今仍让我惊讶。

[It never ceased to amaze](bold) him that women were attracted to Sam.

他一直很惊讶，竟然有女人喜欢萨姆。


amazed

→see THESAURUS at [surprised](->surprised)

I’m amazed you’ve never heard of the Rolling Stones.

我很惊讶，你居然从未听说过滚石乐队。

You’d be amazed how much money you can save.

你会很惊讶自己竟然能省这么多钱。

We were [absolutely amazed](bold) at his rapid recovery.

他这么快就康复真让我们惊讶不已。

Visitors are often amazed to discover how little the town has changed.

游客常常惊奇地发现这个小城几乎没有什么变化。


amazement

拉尔夫吃惊得倒抽了一口气。

To everyone’s amazement, the goal was disallowed.

令大家吃惊的是，进球被判无效。


amazing

[amazingly](bold) adv. eg: These shoes were amazingly cheap.

[Amazing](bold)  is not used with ‘very’. You say: It was an absolutely amazing day.
Don’t say: [It was a very amazing day.](strike)

very good, especially in an unexpected way

令人惊诧的，让人难以相信的

→see THESAURUS at [surprising](->surprising)

[It’s amazing how](bold) often you see drivers using mobile phones.

常常看到司机在打手机，真让人难以置信。


ambassador

[ambassadorial](bold) /æmˌbæsəˈdɔːriəl/  adj. eg: relations at ambassadorial level

an important official who represents his or her government in a foreign country

someone who represents a particular sport, business etc because they behave in a way that people admire

〔体育项目、行业等的〕代表人物

He has made some good films and he is a good ambassador for the industry.

他拍摄过一些好电影，是这个行业的杰出代表。


ambiguity

ˌæmbɪˈɡjuːəti

ˌæmbɪˈɡjuːəti

the state of being unclear, confusing, or not certain, or things that produce this effect

模棱两可；不明确（的事物）

There was an element of ambiguity in the president’s reply.

总统的回答有点模棱两可。


ambiguous

[ambiguously](bold) adv. eg: The legislation had been [ambiguously worded](bold).

In everyday English, people also use the phrase [you can take sth two ways](bold)  instead of saying it is [ambiguous](bold) :

[What she says is [ambiguous](bold).](strike)

You [can take](bold) what she says [two ways](bold).

something that is ambiguous is unclear, confusing, or not certain, especially because it can be understood in more than one way

The language in the Minister’s statement is highly ambiguous.

他在这起事件中的角色并不明确。


ambition

You say that someone’s [ ambition is to do](bold)  something: His ambition is to become a doctor.

You can also say that someone [has the ambition of doing](bold)  something: He has the ambition of becoming a doctor.

You can also say that someone [has an ambition to do ](bold) something. This pattern is often used when talking about the past: He had always had an ambition to become a doctor.

He had an ambition to be a top cello player.

It took her ten years to achieve her ambition.

He was prepared to go to any lengths to fulfil his ambition.

I want to thank all those who made it possible for me to realize a lifetime’s ambition.

(=have it for a long time, especially secretly)

He had nursed an ambition to become a writer for many years.

The weather threatened to frustrate their ambitions.

Her lifelong ambitions had been thwarted again and again.

He didn’t achieve his greatest ambition – to be Wimbledon Champion.

It’s been her lifelong ambition to work with horses.

Crossing the Sahara was a personal ambition of mine.

His secret ambition was to become a pilot.

She had a burning ambition to become a racing car driver.

The course is designed to help you achieve your career ambitions.

His political ambitions were put on hold while he waited for a suitable opportunity.

He told her all about his dreams and ambitions.

I was frustrated by their apparent lack of ambition.

She was full of ambition when she joined the company.

She had always had an ambition to be a pilot.

An injury ended his ambitions of becoming a professional footballer.

一次受伤使得他当职业足球员的理想落空了。

determination to be successful, rich, powerful etc

used when saying that you definitely do not want to do something

I have no ambition to go back there again.


ambitious

determined to be successful, rich, powerful etc

有抱负的，有雄心的；野心勃勃的

Alfred was intensely ambitious, obsessed with the idea of becoming rich.

艾尔弗雷德雄心勃勃，一心想着发财。

mothers who are [highly ambitious](bold) for their children (=who want their children to be successful)

an ambitious plan, idea etc shows a desire to do something good but difficult

〔计划、想法等〕宏大的，艰巨的

an [over-ambitious](bold) health reform program


ambulance

a special vehicle that is used to take people who are ill or injured to hospital

The ambulance crew removed him from the wreckage.

救护车上的人员将他从残骸中移出来。

Mike had to be taken by ambulance to hospital.

不得不用救护车把迈克送往医院。

Do you think we need to [call an ambulance](bold)(=phone to ask an ambulance to come)?

你觉得我们需要叫救护车吗？


ambush

[ambush](bold) v. <T> eg: Everybody thought our train would be ambushed, but we got out safely.

a sudden attack on someone by people who have been hiding and waiting for them, or the place where this happens

In winter the danger of ambush is much reduced.

冬天，遭伏击的危险大大减少。

Armed police lay in ambush behind the hedge.

武装警察埋伏在树篱后面。


amend

[amended](bold) adj. eg: an amended version

to correct or make small changes to something that is written or spoken

该法律经修改把女性也包括在内。

The defendant later amended his evidence.

‘Steve stole it – or rather borrowed it,’ he amended.

“史蒂夫偷的——应该说是借的。”他改口道。


amendment

a small change, improvement, or addition that is made to a law or document, or the process of doing this


amenity

something that makes a place comfortable or easy to live in

The hotel is in the city centre, close to shops and local amenities.

该酒店位于市中心，紧邻商店和当地的便利设施。

houses that lack [basic amenities](bold)(=basic things that people need, such as heat and running water)


amicable

[amicably](bold) adv. eg: In the end, the matter was resolved amicably.

an amicable agreement, relationship etc is one in which people feel friendly towards each other and do not want to quarrel

Their relationship hasn’t always been amicable.

他们的关系不是一直都很和睦。

The two parties have reached an amicable settlement.


amid

while noisy, busy, or confused events are happening – used in writing or news reports

在〔嘈杂、纷乱的事件〕中〔用于书面语或新闻报道中〕

The dollar has fallen in value amid rumors of weakness in the US economy.

Demonstrators ripped up the national flag amid shouts of ‘Death to the tyrants!’

示威者在“处死暴君！”的叫喊声中将国旗撕得粉碎。

在 …之中，被 …所环绕


ammunition

bullets, shells (shell) etc that are fired from guns

information that you can use to criticize someone or win an argument against them

〔用于批评或辩论中攻击他人的〕把柄，弹药，证据

[give sb ammunition/provide sb with ammunition](bold)

His mistakes provided political opponents with even more ammunition.

他的过失授给政敌更多的把柄。


amnesty

an official order by a government that allows a particular group of prisoners to go free

The government [granted an amnesty](bold) for all former terrorists.

该政府大赦了所有前恐怖分子。

a period of time when you can admit to doing something illegal without being punished

赦免期〔在此期间交代罪行可以免受处罚〕

交出非法持有手枪的赦免期


among

To talk about position, use [among](bold)  if there are more than two people or things around someone or something, and [between](bold)  if there is just one person or thing on each side:

After words such as 'relationship' or 'difference', use [between](bold) , even when there are more than two people or things: the relationship between the three friends
Don't say: [the relationship among the three friends](strike)

also: [a‧mongst](bold) /əˈmʌŋst/  [prep](bold)

in or through the middle of a group of people or things

在 …当中，为 …所围绕

The girl quickly disappeared among the crowd.

I could hear voices coming from somewhere among the bushes.

我能听到灌木丛中某个地方传来说话的声音。

We walked among the chestnut woods on the mountain slopes.

我们走在山坡上的栗树林中。

She began rummaging among the books on her desk.

她开始在桌子上的一堆书中乱翻起来。

Jim relaxed, knowing he was [among friends](bold).

吉姆知道周围都是朋友，放松了下来。

used to say that many people in a group have the same feeling or opinion, or that something affects many people in a group

The problem is causing widespread concern among scientists.

该问题在科学家中引起广泛关注。

The general opinion among police officers was that the law should be tightened.

警察普遍认为这条法律应该制定得更加严厉。

The changes will mean 7,000 job losses among railway workers.

这些变革意味着铁路工人中将有7,000人失业。

used to talk about a particular person, thing, or group as belonging to a larger group

在 …（人员）中，是 …之一

她是他们当中年纪最大的。

Innocent civilians were among the casualties.

My grandfather had among his possessions a portrait by Matisse.

我祖父的物品中有一幅马蒂斯画的肖像画。

Representatives were chosen by the students from among themselves.

代表由学生内部选举产生。

used to say that you are only mentioning one or two people or things out of a much larger group

除了其他东西/地方/因素等

At the meeting they discussed, among other things, recent events in Japan.

会上除其他议题外，他们还讨论了日本近来发生的事件。

if something is divided or shared among a group of people, each person is given a part of it

A father’s property was divided among his heirs.

父亲的财产在继承人之间分配。

The allies found it hard to agree among themselves.

盟友发现他们内部很难达成一致意见。


amount

Try to reduce the amount of fat in your diet.

a particular amount of food, liquid, or another substance that can be measured – used especially in written descriptions and instructions

Make sure that you add the right quantity of milk.

the amount of something such as business activity or traffic, especially when this is large or increasing

The volume of traffic on our roads has risen sharply.

the exact amount of something at one time, which can go up or down at other times

They measured the level of alcohol in his blood.

the amount of something, compared with the whole amount that exists

the proportion of road accidents caused by drunk drivers

A high proportion of the students were from poor families.

a maximum amount of something that can be produced, sold, brought into a country etc

the amount of something that is produced, especially crops

a quantity of something such as time, money, or a substance

They spend equal amounts of time in California and New York.

他们在加利福尼亚和纽约待的时间同样长。

[a considerable/large/enormous etc amount](bold)

Please pay [the full amount](bold)(=of money) by the end of the month.

used to talk about how much there is of a feeling or quality

[a large/considerable etc amount of sth](bold)

Her case has attracted an enormous amount of public sympathy.

她的情况得到了无数民众的同情。

Dina encountered a fair amount of envy among her colleagues.

迪娜遭到不少同事的嫉妒。

used to say that something has no effect

即使再多[再大] …也毫无结果[毫无影响]

No amount of persuasion could make her change her mind.

怎么劝也无法让她改变主意。

used to say that there is plenty of something, and no more is needed

The school has any amount of resources and equipment.

这所学校拥有充足的资源和设备。


ample

[amply](bold) adv. eg: Recent US history has amply demonstrated the risks of foreign intervention.

You’ll have ample time for questions later.

稍后你们会有充裕的时间来提问。

There is ample evidence that climate patterns are changing.

有足够的证据表明气候模式正在改变。

She found ample room for her things in the wardrobe.

她发现衣柜里有足够的空间摆放自己的东西。

large in a way that is attractive or pleasant


amuse

He made funny faces to amuse the children.

The question seemed to amuse him in some way.

这个问题似乎不知怎么把他给逗乐了。

It amused me to think back to my life in London.

回想起在伦敦的生活，我不禁笑了起来。

In everyday English, people usually say they [think](bold)  something [is funny](bold)  rather than say that it [amuses](bold)  them:

[The joke really [amused](bold) them.](strike)

They [thought](bold) the joke was really [funny](bold).

to make time pass in an enjoyable way for someone, so that they do not get bored

Doing jigsaws would amuse Amy for hours on end.

拼图能让埃米连续玩上好几个小时。

The kids [amused themselves](bold) playing hide-and-seek.


amused

if you are amused by something, you think it is funny and you smile or laugh

Ellen seemed amused by the whole situation.

埃伦似乎对整个情况感到好笑。

I could see she was [highly amused](bold)(=very amused).

那个男子看上去有点被逗乐了。

He [won’t](bold) be very [amused](bold)(=he will be annoyed) when he finds out what’s happened to his garden.

当他发现自己花园遭的殃，他会很生气。

[an amused smile/look/expression etc](bold)

to entertain or interest someone for a long time so that they do not get bored

There were puzzles and games to keep the children amused.

有拼图玩具和其他游戏供小孩子玩乐。


amusement

It caused great amusement when he told us what had happened.

Daniel looked at her with mild amusement.

He laughed out loud with genuine amusement.

The memory seemed to cause him great amusement.

James looked down to avoid showing his amusement.

There’s no need to hide your amusement. I’m well aware of it.

The park provides plenty of amusement for the children.

He got up and sang 'Yellow Submarine', much to everyone’s amusement.

Geoff seemed to find life a source of constant amusement.

(=a small amount in someone's eyes or on someone’s face)

He examined her face with a wry gleam of amusement.

(=a small amount in someone's eyes or voice)

Was there a hint of amusement in her voice?

the feeling you have when you think something is funny

to sb’s amusement (=in a way that makes someone laugh or smile)

They were dancing and singing in the car, [much to the amusement](bold) of passers-by.

他们在车里又唱又跳，让路人感到十分有趣。

The cats are a constant [source of amusement](bold) to us.

那些猫给我们带来无穷的乐趣。

things that entertain you and make time pass in an enjoyable way

special machines or games that are intended to entertain people, for example at a fair

孩子们可以乘坐这些游乐设施。

the process of getting or providing pleasure and enjoyment

What do you do for amusement in this town?


amusing

In everyday English, people usually say [funny](bold)  rather than [amusing](bold) :

Someone told me a really [funny](bold) joke.

逗人发笑的，好笑的，有趣的

I don’t [find](bold) his jokes at all [amusing](bold).

我觉得他的笑话一点都不好笑。

a [highly amusing](bold)(=very amusing) film

[an amusing story/anecdote/incident etc](bold)

The book is full of amusing stories about his childhood.

这本书里全是一些他童年的趣事。

[mildly/vaguely amusing](bold)(=a little amusing, but not very)


an

used when the following word begins with a vowel sound

一（个）〔用于以元音开头的单词前〕


anaesthetic

ˌænəsˈθetɪk◂

ˌænəsˈθetɪk◂

[anaesthetic](bold) adj. <only before noun> eg: anaesthetic drugs

AmE also: anesthetic  [n](bold) <[C,U](bold)>

The operation will have to be done under anaesthetic (=using anaesthetic).

手术得在麻醉状态下进行。

Eye surgery is often performed using a [local anaesthetic](bold)(=one that only affects a particular area of your body).

眼科手术常在局部麻醉下进行。

You will need to have a [general anaesthetic](bold)(=one that makes you completely unconscious).


anagram

a word or phrase that is made by changing the order of the letters in another word or phrase

变位词（组）〔改变某个词或短语的字母顺序后构成的新词或短语〕


analogous

similar to another situation or thing so that a comparison can be made

The report’s findings are analogous with our own.

这篇报告的发现与我们的类似。


analogy

something that seems similar between two situations, processes etc

analogies between human and animal behaviour

人类行为与动物行为的类同

[draw/make an analogy](bold)(=make a comparison)

She drew an analogy between childbirth and the creative process.

她将分娩和创造过程进行类比。

Dr Wood explained the movement of light by analogy with (=using the analogy of) the movement of water.

伍德博士用水的运动作类比，解释光的运动。


analyse

([BrE](special)) analyze  ([AmE](special)) [v](bold) <[T](bold)>

to examine or think about something carefully, in order to understand it

You need to sit down and analyse why you feel so upset.

你得坐下来想一想自己为什么会那么生气。

Joe had never tried to analyze their relationship.

乔从未试图去理清他们的关系。

to examine a substance to see what it is made of

这些细胞样本由一家实验室进行分析。

to examine someone’s mental or emotional problems by using psychoanalysis


analysis

a detailed analysis of the firm’s earnings

Students learn to make a close analysis of the texts.

Let’s start with a brief analysis of the situation.

Their research was based on statistical analysis.

(=that makes judgements about how good or bad something is)

Write a critical analysis of the following poem.

His book provided a scientific analysis of human behaviour.

This work has been based entirely on an analysis of large mammals.

do/carry out/perform/conduct an analysis

No similar analysis has been done in this country.

The report provided an analysis of the problems we need to address.

DNA analysis shows that the blood and the saliva come from the same person.

Our analysis suggests that these problems are widespread.

a careful examination of something in order to understand it better

a [detailed analysis](bold) of the week’s news

这些数据需要做进一步分析。

[do/carry out/conduct an analysis](bold)

They were doing some type of [statistical analysis](bold).

他们正在进行某种统计分析。

the way in which someone describes a situation or problem, and says what causes it to happen

Do you agree with Marx’s analysis of the failure of free-market capitalism?

你是否同意马克思对于自由市场资本主义终将失败的分析？

a careful examination of a substance to see what it is made of

You’ll get the results when the analysis is complete.

分析完成后你就会拿到结果。

a process in which a doctor makes someone talk about their past experiences, relationships etc in order to help them with mental or emotional problems

她接受精神分析治疗已经三年了。

used when giving the most basic or important facts about a situation

In the final analysis, profit is the motive.

归根结底，利润就是动力。


analyst

someone whose job is to think about something carefully in order to understand it, and often to advise other people about it

[Political analysts](bold) expect the Conservatives to win.

政治分析家预计保守党获胜。

Cleary has been working as a [computer analyst](bold) in Winchester.

克利里在温彻斯特当计算机分析员。

a doctor who helps people who have mental or emotional problems by making them talk about their experiences and relationships

精神分析专家，心理（分析）医生


analytical

ˌænəlˈɪtɪkəl

ˌænəlˈɪtɪkəl

also: [an‧a‧lyt‧ic](bold) /ˌænəlˈɪtɪk◂/  [adj](bold)

thinking about things in a detailed and intelligent way, so that you can examine and understand things

During the course, students will develop their analytical skills.

在这门课上，学生的分析能力将得到提高。

using scientific analysis to examine something


anarchy

a situation in which there is no effective government in a country or no order in an organization or situation

The classroom was [in a constant state of anarchy](bold).

The nation is in danger of falling into anarchy.

那个国家面临陷入无政府状态的危险。


anatomy

the scientific study of the structure of human or animal bodies

Knowledge of human anatomy is essential to figure drawing.

人体解剖学知识对于人体素描是极其重要的。

the structure of a body, or of a part of a body

your body – often used in a humorous way

You could see a part of his anatomy that I’d rather not mention.

你都能看到他的某个身体部位，是什么部位我就不想说了。

a study or examination of an organization, process etc in order to understand and explain how it works

Elkind’s book is an anatomy of one man’s discussion with his son about life.

埃尔金德的书分析了一个男人与儿子关于人生问题的讨论。

the structure of an organization, process etc or the way it works

〔组织、进程等的〕体系，方法

For the first time, we have the chance to examine the anatomy of a secret government operation.

我们第一次有机会研究一个秘密政府行动的运作过程。


ancestor

[ancestral](bold) /ænˈsestrəl/  adj. eg: the family’s ancestral home

a member of your family who lived a long time ago

→see THESAURUS at [relative](->relative) 1

an animal that lived in the past, that modern animals have developed from

Lions and house cats evolved from [a common ancestor](bold)(=the same ancestor).

狮子和家猫从共同的原种进化而来。

the form in which a modern machine, vehicle etc first existed

〔现代机器、车辆等的〕原型

Babbage’s invention was the ancestor of the modern computer.

巴贝奇的发明是现代计算机的原型。


ancient

belonging to a time long ago in history, especially thousands of years ago

老的，老掉牙的〔幽默用法〕

the history of ancient societies, such as Greece or Rome

if you say that something is ancient history, you mean that it happened a long time ago and is not important now

很久以前的事，陈年往事〔指很久以前发生、现在已不重要的事〕

It’s all ancient history and I’m not upset anymore.

这都是陈年往事了，我不再生气了。


ancient

people who lived long ago, especially the Greeks and Romans

古人〔尤指古希腊人和古罗马人〕

The ancients believed that the Sun and Moon were planets.

古人认为太阳和月亮都是行星。


and

used to join two words, phrases etc referring to things that are related in some way

The film starred Jack Lemmon and Shirley Maclaine.

这部电影由杰克·莱蒙和雪莉·麦克莱恩主演。

We’ve dealt with items one, two, and eleven.

我们已经处理了第一项、第二项和第十一项。

他身材高大，皮肤黝黑，相貌英俊。

He plays the guitar and sings folk songs.

She didn’t speak to anyone and nobody spoke to her.

她不跟别人说话，也没人跟她说话。

used to say that one action or event follows another

坐下来把整件事说给我听。

She picked up the kitten and put it in the box.

You’ll have to wait and see what happens.

你只能等着看接下去会发生什么事情。

used to say that something is caused by something else

那么，因此〔用于表示结果〕

我没吃晚饭，现在饿极了！

她从楼梯上摔下来，把腿摔断了。

used after verbs such as ‘go’, ‘come’, and ‘try’ to show what your intention is

为了〔用于go、come、try等之后表示目的〕

I’ll see if I can try and persuade her to come.

used to introduce a statement, remark, question etc

那么，于是〔用于引出一个话题〕

And now I’d like to introduce our next speaker, Mrs Thompson.

现在我想介绍下一位演讲者汤普森夫人。

‘She’s getting married in June.’ ‘And who’s the lucky man?’

“她6月份结婚。”“那么那个幸运的男人是谁？”

In written English, avoid starting a sentence with [and](bold) :

[[And now we](bold) come onto the issue of homelessness.](strike)

[We now](bold) come onto the issue of homelessness.

used between repeated words to emphasize what you are saying

越来越 …，接连，又〔用于连接重复的词以示强调〕

More and more people are losing their jobs.

我们等了一个又一个小时！

used before saying the part of a large number which is less than 100

〔用于百位数和十[个]位数之间〕

used when saying a number which consists of a whole number followed by a fraction

又〔用于整数和分数之间〕

used between repeated plural nouns to say that some things of a particular kind are much better than others

各有不同〔用于重复的复数名词之间，表示有优劣之分〕

‘They said this guy was an expert.’ ‘Yes, but there are experts and experts.’

“他们说这家伙是专家。”“是啊，可是专家和专家也不一样。”

used when you want someone to add something to what they have just said

‘I’m sorry.’ ‘And?’ ‘And I promise it won’t happen again.’

“对不起。”“还有呢？”“我保证这样的事再也不会发生了。”


anecdote

a short story based on your personal experience

〔基于个人经历的〕逸事，趣闻

The book is full of amusing anecdotes about his life in Japan.

这本书里全是他在日本生活的趣闻逸事。


angel

a spirit who is God’s servant in heaven, and who is often shown as a person dressed in white with wings

someone who is very kind, very good, or very beautiful

安琪儿，天使〔指仁慈、善良或美丽的人〕

他们的小女儿是个小天使。

Sam [is no angel](bold)(=often behaves badly).

used when asking someone to help you or when thanking someone for helping you

大好人〔用于请人帮忙或表示感谢〕

Thanks for mailing those letters, [you’re an angel](bold).

谢谢你帮我寄了那些信，你真是个大好人。

[Be an angel](bold) and get me my glasses, will you?

行行好，帮我把眼镜拿来好吗？

(also: [business angel](bold) [angel investor](bold) )

someone who gives new businesses money, often in exchange for a share of the company

天使投资者，投资天使〔指向初创企业投资的人，往往以持有公司股份作为交换条件〕


anger

a strong emotion that you feel because someone has behaved badly or because a situation seems bad or unfair

Andrea still feels a lot of anger towards her mom, who left when she was a little girl.

I’ve said some things in anger that have almost cost me my marriage.

He expressed annoyance at the way his comments had been misinterpreted.

The meetings were held in secret, much to the annoyance of some members of Congress.

a feeling of being annoyed and impatient, especially because something keeps happening or someone keeps saying something

He could not hide his irritation at her persistent questioning.

Unwanted sales calls are a source of irritation for many people.

a feeling of being annoyed, especially because you cannot do what you want or because you cannot change or control a situation

You can imagine my frustration when I found out that the next bus didn’t leave till 4 hours later.

There is a growing sense of frustration over the situation in Burma.

The government has expressed frustration at the slow legal process.

a feeling of being very annoyed because you cannot control a situation, learn to do something, or understand something, even though you are trying very hard

Exasperation at the team’s lack of success was evident among the fans.

anger because you think you are being treated badly or unfairly

The sudden increase in the numbers of immigrants has caused resentment among local people.

anger and surprise about an unfair situation

The scandal caused righteous indignation among opposition politicians.

anger between two people because of something that has happened

a feeling of anger and hatred towards someone who you cannot forgive because they harmed you in the past

Even though he had lost the court case, he had shown no rancour.

anger, especially anger that is unreasonable

He vented his spleensaid why he was angryagainst the airline in an article in the Times.

The judge sparked fury when he freed a man who had attacked three women.

The decision caused fury among local people.

a very strong feeling of anger that is difficult to control or is expressed very suddenly or violently

When we accused him of lying, he flew into a ragebecame very angry very suddenly.

Brown killed his wife in a jealous rage.

extreme anger and shock because you think something is unfair or wrong

The racist comments caused outrage in India and Britain.

Pietersen was the next to incur the wrath of the refereemake him angry.

His face was suddenly filled with anger.

My aunt was shaking with anger as she left the room.

Seething with anger and frustration, Polly pushed back her chair and stood up.

Demonstrators expressed their anger by burning American flags.

For a second he was unable to hide his anger.

I could not control my anger any longer.

The referee’s decision provoked anger among the fans.

The row could fuel growing anger among the Labour party.

I counted to ten and waited for my anger to go away.

There is deep anger against the occupying forces.

There is growing anger among drivers over the rise in fuel prices.

The decision to build the airport has provoked widespread anger.

By now public anger in America was mounting.

There is real anger about the amount of money that has been wasted.

(=anger felt when you think something should not be allowed to happen)

The speech was full of righteous anger against the West.

(=an occasion when someone suddenly becomes angry)

His occasional outbursts of anger shocked those around him.

He was overcome by a sudden feeling of anger against the people who had put him there.

a strong feeling of wanting to hurt or criticize someone because they have done something bad to you or been unkind to you

There is growing anger among the people against the government.

She struggled to control her anger at her son’s disobedience.

儿子不听话，对此她强压怒火。

to do or use something in a real situation

He joined the club last month, but has yet to kick a ball in anger.

他上月加入该俱乐部，但是还未真正上场踢过球。


anger

What angered me most was his total lack of remorse.

最让我生气的是他居然毫无悔意。

Environmental groups were disappointed and angered by the president’s decision.

环保组织对总统的决定感到失望和愤怒。

In everyday English, people usually say something [makes them angry](bold)  rather than say that it [angers](bold)  them:

[I didn’t want to [anger](bold) him.](strike)

I didn’t want to [make](bold) him [angry](bold).


angle

the space between two straight lines or surfaces that join each other, measured in degrees

You didn’t measure the angle accurately.

a way of considering a problem or situation

〔看待问题或形势的〕角度，立场

We’re approaching the issue [from](bold) many [different angles](bold).

我们从许多不同的角度来考虑这个问题。

Look at [every angle](bold) of the situation.

要从方方面面来看待局势。

还可从另一个角度来看这个问题。

a position from which you look at something or photograph it

〔看事物或拍照的〕角度，视角

This drawing of the monastery was done from an unusual angle.

这幅画是从一个独特的视角来描绘那座寺院的。

Some of the pictures have strange camera angles.

有些照片拍摄的角度很奇特。

leaning to one side and not straight or upright

the shape formed when two lines or surfaces join

〔两条线或两个平面相交的〕边角

我的头撞到了书架的角上。


angle

to move or place something so that it is not straight or upright

a mirror angled to reflect light from a window

为反射窗外的光线而斜放的一面镜子

Philip angled his chair towards the door.

菲利普转过椅子对着门口。

to present information from a particular point of view or for a specific group of people

从〔某个角度〕报道；为〔某一群体〕提供信息

The book is angled towards a business audience.

这本书的目标读者是商界人士。


angry

[angrily](bold) adv. eg: Joey reacted angrily.

You say that someone is [angry with](bold)  another person: My parents were very angry with me.
Don’t say: [My parents were angry to me.](strike)

You say that someone is [ angry about](bold)  something: I was really angry about what had happened.

You can say that someone is [angry at ](bold) someone, or [angry at](bold)  something: Please don’t get angry at me. I was really angry at what had happened.

feeling strong emotions because you think someone has behaved badly, or because a situation seems bad or unfair

He gets really angry if people keep him waiting.

rather angry – used when speaking to people you know well

I was annoyed no one had told me the class was cancelled.

annoyed and impatient, especially by something that keeps happening or something someone keeps saying

I was irritated by their stupid questions.

He’s always bad-tempered when he doesn’t get what he wants.

feeling a little angry for a period of time, often for no particular reason

in an angry mood for a short time, especially because someone has just said something to offend or annoy you

He walked off in a huff when they refused to let him join in their game.

sb has got up on the wrong side of the bed

used when you think someone has been in an angry mood all day, for no particular reason – often used humorously

I don’t know what’s wrong – she must have got up on the wrong side of the bed today.

She was furious when she found out he’d been lying to her.

very angry and shocked by something you think is unfair or wrong

Most people were outraged by the 9/11 attacks.

extremely angry – used mainly in writing, for example in newspaper reports

Gordon Brown was reported to be incandescent with rage over the article.

to suddenly become very angry and start shouting at someone

It was the first time I’d seen her lose her temper.

[comparative](italic) [angrier](bold) [superlative](italic) [angriest](bold)

feeling strong emotions which make you want to shout at someone or hurt them because they have behaved in an unfair, cruel, offensive etc way, or because you think that a situation is unfair, unacceptable etc

I was angry because he hadn’t told me his plans.

我很生气，因为他没有告诉我他的计划。

His comments brought an angry response from opposition politicians.

他的话激起反对派政客愤怒的回应。

‘Calm down,’ she said, looking at his angry face.

“冷静一下。”她看着他那张生气的脸说道。

Jesse laughed, which [made](bold) me even [angrier](bold).

杰西笑了起来，这令我更加恼火。

‘Please don’t be angry with me,’ she said.

“请别生我的气。”她说道。

They are angry at the way they have been treated.

他们对自己受到的待遇感到愤愤不平。

Kate’s still so angry about the whole thing.

凯特仍对整件事愤愤不平。

The workers are angry that they haven’t been paid for the week.

工人们因没拿到这周的工钱而感到气愤。

feeling strongly that you wish you had done something or had not done something

David was angry with himself for letting the others see his true feelings.

戴维恨自己让别人看出了他的真实感受。

an angry sky or cloud looks dark and stormy

〔天空〕昏暗的，狂风暴雨的；〔云层〕黑压压的

an angry wound etc is painful and red and looks infected

〔伤口等〕肿痛发炎的，感染的


anguish

[anguished](bold) adj. eg: an anguished cry for help

mental or physical suffering caused by extreme pain or worry

〔精神或身体上的〕极度痛苦

the anguish of not knowing what had happened to her

由于不知道她发生了什么事而痛苦不堪


animal

a living thing such as a dog, cow, or tiger, but not an insect, fish, or bird

farm animals such as cows, sheep, and pigs

People are becoming more concerned about animal welfare.

an animal – used especially when describing a particular animal’s characteristics or when referring to animals generally

an animal, especially a large or dangerous one

To most people, lions are savage beasts.

an animal considered as one of a group of things that grow and then die, including humans and plants

The only living things we saw were dogs and cats.

a group of animals whose members are similar and can breed together to produce young animals

Seven species of birds of prey have been observed.

an animal that drinks milk from its mother’s body when it is young

Humans, dogs, and whales are all mammals.

viruses that affect chickens, monkeys, and most other vertebrates

a living creature that does not have a backbone

earthworms and other small invertebrates

a living creature such as a dog or cat, that is not an insect, plant, bird, fish, or person

兽，动物，牲畜〔不包括昆虫、植物、鸟类、鱼类或人类〕

cattle, sheep, and other domestic animals

The cosmetics have not been tested on animals.

这些化妆品没有进行过动物试验。

Beth is an [animal lover](bold)(=someone who likes animals).

any living creature that is not a plant or a person

动物〔除植物或人类以外的生物〕

He can’t stand [cruelty to animals](bold) of any sort.

他不能容忍任何虐待动物的行为。

the enormous diversity of [the animal kingdom](bold)

someone who behaves in a cruel, violent, or very rude way

衣冠禽兽，残暴的人，畜生

a (very/completely/entirely) different animal

something that is very different from the thing you have mentioned

非常不同/截然不同的事物

Writing email is a very different animal from all other forms of writing.

写电子邮件不同于其他任何形式的写作。

someone who is interested in politics, in meeting other people etc

他就是不善社交的那种人。


animal

human feelings, desires etc that are connected with sex, food, and other basic needs

things that are made or come from animals

摄入大量红肉和动物脂肪的饮食


animosity

There is no personal animosity between the party leaders.

各党领导人之间并没有个人恩怨。

She felt a certain amount of animosity towards him.


ankle

the joint between your foot and your leg

Janet slipped on the stairs and twisted her ankle.

珍妮特在楼梯上滑倒，扭伤了脚踝。

socks or boots that only come up to your ankle

〔仅到脚踝的〕短袜/短靴


anniversary

ˌænəˈvɜːsəri

a date on which something special or important happened in a previous year

Jack and Kim celebrated their twentieth [wedding anniversary](bold) in January.

1月，杰克和金庆祝了他们的结婚20周年纪念日。

A huge parade was held on the anniversary of the 1959 revolution.

1959年革命纪念日那天举行了大规模游行活动。


announce

to officially tell people about something, especially about a plan or a decision

They announced their engagement in ‘The Times’.

他们在《泰晤士报》上宣布了订婚的消息。

The government has announced plans to create 10,000 new jobs.

政府宣布了创造一万个就业机会的方案。

A government spokesman announced that the hostages had been released.

政府发言人宣布人质已经被释放。

At the end of their meeting, [it was announced that](bold) an agreement had been reached.

会议最后宣布已达成一项协议。

Cordon announced his resignation to staff members on Wednesday.

星期三，科登向员工宣布辞职。

to say something, especially something that other people will not like, in a loud and confident way

郑重地说，大声而肯定地说〔尤指别人不喜欢的事〕

‘I’m not going to their party,’ Maggie announced.

“我不会去参加他们的聚会。”玛吉郑重地说。

He stood up and announced that he was ready to go.

他站起身来，郑重其事地说他要走了。

to give information to people using a loudspeaker or microphone, especially at an airport or railway station

广播通知〔尤指在机场或火车站〕

We arrived just as they were announcing the arrival of Flight 207 from Minneapolis.

我们到的时候正在广播来自明尼阿波利斯的207次航班已经到达的消息。

to officially tell people that someone has arrived at a particular place

All visitors to the apartment building must be announced.

那幢公寓楼的访客都必须通报。

After announcing himself at the reception desk, James was led upstairs.

在接待处通报姓名后，詹姆斯被领上楼去。

to introduce a programme on television or radio

〔在电视台或电台〕当 …的播音员[节目主持人]


announcement

The next day an announcement was issued to staff, saying the company would be closing.

The government issued an announcement saying that it was not prepared to negotiate with terrorists.

Everyone was shocked when they heard the announcement.

Environmental groups welcomed the announcement.

The announcement was. greeted with cheers on both sides of the House.

His announcement came after two days of peace talks.

A formal announcement will be made in Parliament.

No official announcement is expected until next year.

a surprise announcement/an unexpected announcement

The Senator made the surprise announcement that he will not be seeking re-election.

The dramatic announcement came after a cabinet meeting on Tuesday.

A further announcement will be made in the near future.

〔重要或正式的〕通告，公告，布告

The minister made the announcement at a news conference.

部长在记者招待会上发表了这项声明。

an important announcement about tax increases

They heard the announcement that the mayor was resigning.

他们听到了市长要辞职的公告。

the act of telling people that something important is going to happen

the announcement of the company’s annual results

a small advertisement or statement in a newspaper

a wedding announcement in the local paper

当地报纸上的一则结婚通告


annoy

to make someone feel slightly angry and unhappy about something

What annoyed him most was that he had received no apology.

最令他生气的是没人向他道歉。

She annoyed him with her stupid questions.

她那些愚蠢的问题令他很恼火。

It really annoys me when I see people dropping litter.

看到别人乱丢垃圾我非常生气。

In everyday English, people also often use the phrase [get on](bold)  someone's [nerves](bold) :

She [got on his nerves](bold) with her stupid questions.


annoyed

I’ll be annoyed if we don’t finish by eight.

如果我们8点还未完成，我会生气的。

She was annoyed with Duncan for forgetting to phone.

她因为邓肯忘了打电话而气恼。

He was annoyed by her apparent indifference.

Mr Davies was annoyed that the books were missing.

戴维斯先生因为那些书不见了而生气。


annoying

The annoying thing is he’s usually right.

令人气恼的是，他通常都是对的。

[It’s annoying that](bold) we didn’t know about this before.

令人恼火的是，我们以前并不知道这事。


annual

The school trip has become an annual event.

学校组织的旅行成了一年一度的活动。

based on or calculated over a period of one year

a household with an annual income of $60,000


annual

a plant that lives for one year or season

a book, especially for children, that is produced once a year with the same title but different stories, pictures etc

年刊，年报，年鉴〔尤指儿童年册〕


annually

The jazz festival is held annually in July.

爵士音乐节每年7月举行。


anomaly

something that is noticeable because it is different from what is usual

In those days, a woman professor was still an anomaly.

那个时候，女教授仍旧十分稀罕。


anonymous

the anonymous author of a collection of poems

the anonymous donor of a large sum of money

According to one employee, who wishes to [remain anonymous](bold), the company engaged in illegal activities.

根据一位不愿透露姓名的员工所述，这家公司曾从事非法活动。

done, sent, or given by someone who does not want their name to be known

5,000美元的匿名捐赠

[anonymous phone call/letter etc](bold)(=one that is often unpleasant or contains threats)

uninteresting in features or qualities – used to show disapproval


another

[Another](bold)  is written as one word: There must be another way of doing it.
Don’t write: [an other](strike)

one more person or thing of the same type

I’m going to have another cup of coffee.

There’ll be another bus along in a few minutes.

几分钟后就会再来一辆公共汽车。

Buy two CDs and get another completely free.

购买两张激光唱片即可免费获赠一张。

Is this another of your schemes to make money?

这又是你的一个赚钱计划吗？

Oh look, there’s [another one](bold) of those birds.

嘿，你看，又有一只那样的鸟。

This misunderstanding is [yet another](bold) example of bad communication (=there have already been several).

这次误会是又一个沟通不畅的例子。

[another 2/10/100 etc](bold)(=an additional amount or number)

We’ll have to wait another three weeks for the results.

我们还得再等三周才能知道结果。

not the same thing, person etc, but a different one

They must have returned by another route.

他们肯定是从另一条路线回来的。

我们最后搬到另一间公寓去了。

I’m busy right now. Could you come back another time?

我现在很忙，你换个时间再来好吗？

Helen resigned from her last job and has yet to find another.

海伦辞去了上一份工作，还没有找到新工作。

The gold watch was a present from another of his girlfriends.

那块金表是他的另一个女朋友送的。

She spends the day rushing from one meeting to another.

used to say that two or more people or things do the same thing to each other or share a relationship

They seem to love one another very much.

The streets are all at right angles to one another.

那些街道都互相垂直交叉。

used to say that there are many different types of something, or many possibilities, rather than being specific

All the kids in this class have learning difficulties of one sort or another.

这个班上的每个孩子都有这样或那样的学习障碍。

people who, for one reason or another, can’t have children

因这样或那样的原因不能生孩子的人

used to talk about a series of similar things or events

Small businesses have been collapsing one after another.

used when a series of bad or annoying things have happened and something of the same type seems to have just happened again

不要再 …！〔用于指不好或讨厌的事物接连发生后似乎又要重演〕

used to suggest that something may not be true, possible, easy etc, after mentioning something that is

It is true that his programme is original, though whether it is funny is quite another matter.

不错，他的节目很新颖，但好不好笑则完全是另一回事。

It is one thing to talk about ‘involving the students’; it is quite another thing to actually do this.

说“让学生参与”是一回事，真正做起来又完全是另一回事。

used to introduce something additional that you want to say to someone about a different subject

还有一件事〔用于引出不同的话题〕

And another thing. You were late for work again this morning.

还有一件事，你今天早上上班又迟到了。

used with the name of a well-known person, thing, event etc to mean someone or something else that is similar because they have the same good or bad qualities

另一个〔类似的人、物、事件等〕

warnings that not enough has been done to prevent another Chernobyl

对于未采取足够措施防止切尔诺贝利事件重演的警告

There’ll never be another Elvis Presley.

不可能再出现一个埃尔维斯·普雷斯利了。


one another

used to say that two or more people or things do the same thing to each other or share a relationship

They seem to love one another very much.

The streets are all at right angles to one another.

那些街道都互相垂直交叉。


answer

something you say when someone asks you a question or speaks to you

I asked if he wanted to come, but I didn’t get an answer.

If you’re asking me for money, the answer’s no!

an answer – used especially in written English to report what someone said

She asked how he felt, and received the reply, ‘Awful!’

an answer that clearly shows your reaction to a question, suggestion etc

Wagner’s responses showed that he had thought carefully about the issues.

‘Sure. Why not?’ was his response to most of Billie’s suggestions.

an angry answer given when someone has annoyed you or criticized you

Isabelle began an angry retort and then stopped herself.

a quick answer that is clever, funny, or rude

He walked out before I could think of a snappy comeback.

a quick answer, especially a clever or rude one

If he confronts them, he’ll run the risk of a sharp rejoinder.

Can you give me a definite answer tomorrow?

I didn’t get a satisfactory answer from the company.

She wrote to him but she never got an answer.

Kate was looking at me, waiting for an answer.

She couldn’t think of a suitable answer to his question.

(=used when giving a simple, honest, or direct answer to a difficult question)

‘How does homeopathy work?’ ‘The short answer to this question is that we do not know how homeopathic remedies work.’

Do you know the right answer to this question?

You get 5 points for each correct answer.

Put up your hand if you know the answer.

If you don’t know the answer, try guessing it.

Do we write the answers in the exercise book, Sir?

There are a lot of problems and no simple answers.

The obvious answer is to raise taxes, but that would be unpopular.

I think I have the perfect answer to the problem.

A loan, however, is not the complete answer to the company’s problems.

He believes hydrogen is the long-term answer to our growing energy crisis.

Employing overseas nurses is only a short-term answer to the shortage.

Doctors are supposed to have all the answers.

The aim is to find a long-term answer to poverty.

The government is struggling to come up with answers to our economic problems.

something you say when you reply to a question that someone has asked you

You don’t have to [give](bold) them [an answer](bold) now.

你不必现在就给他们答复。

Every time I ask him about it, I [get a](bold) different [answer](bold).

我每次问他这件事，都得到不同的回答。

These are important questions, and we want answers to them.

这些问题很重要，我们希望得到答案。

She’s still [waiting for an answer](bold) from the school.

The [honest answer](bold) was that I didn’t know.

He was never able to get a [straight answer](bold) about why it happened.

事情为什么会发生，他一直没有得到直接的回答。

It’s impossible for me to give you a [definite answer](bold) at this time.

现在我无法给你明确答复。

[The short answer](bold) is that it can’t be done.

[In answer to your question](bold), yes, you can go.

我来回答你的问题，是的，你可以去。

If it’s money you want, [the answer is no](bold)!

如果你要的是钱，回答是不行！

something that you write or say in reply to a question in a test or competition

Score two points for each correct answer.

a written reply to a letter, invitation, advertisement etc

〔信、请柬、广告等的〕回函

Did you ever get an answer to your letter?

The police do not have an answer to rising crime.

警方没有办法解决犯罪率上升的问题。

Some people think cars should be banned from the city, but I don’t think that’s the answer.

有些人认为城市里应当禁止汽车通行，但我觉得这不是解决办法。

[be the answer to sb’s problems/worries etc](bold)

If he could get a job, it’d be the answer to all his worries.

如果他能找到一份工作，他所有的烦恼就能迎刃而解了。

if you get an answer when you call someone on the phone, they pick up the phone and talk to you

I tried calling him all day but couldn’t get an answer.

我试着给他打了一天电话，但没有人接听。

if you get an answer when you knock on a door, someone opens it and talks to you

I tried knocking on her door, but there was [no answer](bold).

我试着敲了敲她的门，但是没人应门。

to be very sure that you know everything about a situation, especially when you do not

〔自以为〕无所不知，通晓一切

someone or something that is considered to be just as good as a more famous person or thing

相当的人；不相上下的事物

The Space Needle is Seattle’s answer to the Eiffel Tower.

西雅图的太空针塔堪比埃菲尔铁塔。


answer

You [answer](bold)  someone: Why won’t you answer me?
Don’t say [answer to someone](strike)  in this meaning.

You [answer ](bold) someone’s question: You still have not answered my question.

You can use [ answer](bold)  with speech marks (‘...’) when quoting someone’s exact words: ‘I’m fine, thank you,’ she answered.

You can use [answer that](bold)  to report what someone says. After [answered](bold) , the verb in the other clause is usually also in the past tense: She answered that she [was ](bold)fine.

You [reply to](bold)  someone’s question: You still have not replied to my question.

You can use [ reply](bold)  with speech marks (‘...’) when quoting someone’s exact words: ‘I’m fine, thank you,’ she replied.

You can use [reply that](bold)  to report what someone says. After [replied](bold) , the verb in the other clause is usually also in the past tense: She replied that she [was](bold) fine.

to say something to someone when they have asked you a question or spoken to you

You don’t have to answer the question if you don’t want to.

I said hello to her, but she didn’t answer.

to answer someone – used especially in written English to report what someone said

We asked Jane to help, but she replied that she was too busy.

How do you respond to the allegation that you deliberately deceived your employers?

to answer someone by telling them what you have decided or giving them a piece of information they asked for

He asked me to marry him, but I didn’t give him an answer straight away.

to answer someone at a later time especially by telephoning them, usually because you need to think about their question or find out more information

She’s promised to get back to me as soon as she hears any more news from the hospital.

to answer someone angrily, especially because they have annoyed you or criticized you

‘You’re not afraid?’ Brenda asked. ‘Of course not,’ he retorted angrily.

to say something to someone as a reply when they have asked you a question, made a suggestion etc

She thought for a moment before answering.

He still hadn’t [answered](bold) my [question](bold).

他仍然没有回答我的问题。

‘Why don’t you just leave?’ ‘I’d like to,’ she answered, ‘but I have nowhere else to go.’

“你为什么不一走了之？”“我倒是想走，”她回答说，“但是我没有其他地方可去。”

When questioned, Hughes answered that he knew nothing about the robbery.

问到休斯时，他回答说对这宗抢劫案一无所知。

to write or say the answer to a question in a test or competition

Answer as many questions as possible in the time provided.

在所给时间内尽量多答题。

to pick up the telephone and speak when it rings or open the door when someone knocks or rings the bell

if you answer a letter or advertisement, you write a letter to the person who has written it

Simon got the job by answering an advert in the paper.

西蒙通过应征报纸上的一则广告找到了工作。

to explain why you did something when people are criticizing you – used in news reports

就批评/指控/谴责等作出回应〔用于新闻报道〕

How do you answer the criticism that your government has done nothing to help the homeless?

有人批评你的政府没有采取任何行动帮助无家可归者，你对此有何回应？

to do something as a reaction to criticism or an attack

〔对批评或攻击〕作出回应

The army answered by firing into the crowd.

to be a way of dealing with or solving a problem

‘You can borrow my car if you like.’ ‘Well, that answers one problem.’

“如果你愿意，可以借我的车。”“好啊，这下解决了一个问题。”

Our transportation system is designed to answer the needs of the city’s commuters.

我们的交通系统是为满足本市乘车上下班者的需求而设计的。

if someone answers a description, they match that description

A man answering the police’s description was seen entering the building.

有人看到一个和警方描述相符的男人进了这座楼。


ant

a small insect that lives in large groups

to be so excited or full of energy that you are unable to sit or stand still – used humorously

坐立不安，躁动不安〔幽默用法〕


anthem

a song that a particular group of people consider to be very important

〔某个群体认为非常重要的〕经典歌曲

The Rolling Stones’ ‘Satisfaction’ was an anthem for a generation.

滚石乐队的《满足》是一代人传唱的经典歌曲。


anthology

a set of stories, poems, songs etc by different people collected together in one book

〔故事、诗、歌曲等的〕选集


antibiotic

ˌæntɪbaɪˈɒtɪk◂

a drug that is used to kill bacteria and cure infections


anticipate

[anticipatory](bold) /ænˌtɪsəˈpeɪt/ US /ænˈtɪsəpətɔːri/  adj. [formal](italic) eg: the anticipatory atmosphere of a big college football game

You [anticipate ](bold) something: We don’t anticipate any problems.

You [anticipate that ](bold) something will happen: No one could have anticipated that this would happen.

You [ expect](bold)  something: We don’t expect any problems.

You [expect that ](bold) something will happen, or someone will do something: Everyone expected that the team would win.

You [expect](bold)  something [to](bold)  happen, or [expect](bold)  someone [to do](bold)  something: Everyone expected them to win.

You [predict](bold)  something: No one could have predicted the result.

You [ predict that ](bold) something will happen, or someone will do something: He predicted that the team would win.

to expect that something will happen and be ready for it

The schedule isn’t final, but we don’t anticipate many changes.

日程还没有最后定下来，但是我们预料不会有许多变化。

A good speaker is able to anticipate an audience’s needs and concerns.

好的演讲者能够预先考虑到听众需要什么、关注什么。

This year, we anticipate that our expenses will be 15% greater.

今年，我们预计支出会增加15%。

[It is anticipated that](bold) the research will have many different practical applications.

预计这项研究将有许多不同的实际用途。

I didn’t anticipate having to do the cooking myself!

to think about something that is going to happen, especially something pleasant

Daniel was eagerly anticipating her arrival.

丹尼尔热切地期待着她的到来。

Copernicus anticipated in part the discoveries of the 17th and 18th centuries.

17和18世纪的发现中有一部分早为哥白尼所发现。


anticipation

ænˌtɪsəˈpeɪʃən

ænˌtɪsəˈpeɪʃən

when you are expecting something to happen

She waited in eager anticipation for Robert to arrive.

她急切地期盼着罗伯特到来。

Taylor was excited and full of anticipation at the prospect of the trip.

泰勒很兴奋，对这次旅行满怀期待。

to do something because you expect something to happen

The workers have called off their strike in anticipation of a pay offer.

工人们预料到资方会提供薪酬调整方案，便取消了罢工。