break

After two hours, she took a break and switched on the radio.

I’m sorry, I can’t do any more - I need a break.

Shall we have a quick five-minute break?

I don’t usually have time for a morning break.

Everyone’s looking forward to a well-earned break when the exams are over.

a period of time when you stop working in order to rest, eat etc

We’ll [have a](bold) short [break](bold) for lunch, then start again at two o'clock.

我们稍事休息，吃个午饭，两点钟再开始。

Let’s [take a](bold) ten-minute [break](bold).

We’d worked for ten hours [without a break](bold).

我们已经连续工作十小时了。

I’ll go shopping during my [lunch break](bold).

我要在午休时间去买点东西。

a period of time when you stop doing something before you start again

She decided to take a [career break](bold) when she had children.

她有了孩子，决定暂时放下工作。

使我暂时摆脱平常生活的好机会

I was beginning to feel that I needed a break.

我开始觉得自己需要休假了。

We flew off for a week’s break in Spain.

我们飞去西班牙度假一个星期。

They’re offering [weekend breaks](bold) in Paris for only £100.

他们正在推出周末巴黎游，只要100英镑。

Are you looking forward to the summer break?

the time during the school day when classes stop and teachers and students can rest, eat, play etc

课间休息的时候我再找你谈。

They get together with their friends at [break time](bold).

课间休息的时候他们就和朋友聚在一起。

a pause for advertisements during a television or radio programme

〔电视或广播节目中的〕广告时间

We’ll be back with more after a short break.

一小段广告之后精彩继续。

a period of time when something stops happening before it starts again

We’ll go for a walk if there’s a break in the rain.

Latecomers will be admitted at a suitable break in the performance.

迟到者须在演出中途适当的间歇入场。

She waited for a break in the conversation.

There was no sign of a [break in the weather](bold)(=an improvement in bad weather).

a time when you leave a person or group, or end a relationship with someone

I wanted a [clean break](bold) so that I could restart my life.

我想彻底了断，开始新的生活。

It was years before I plucked up enough courage to [make](bold) the [break](bold) and leave him.

多年以后我才鼓足勇气分手，离开了他。

He was beginning to regret his break with the Labour Party.

We crawled through a break in the hedge.

我们从树篱的一个缺口爬了过去。

The sun shone through a break in the clouds.

太阳光透过云层的缝隙照射下来。

a sudden or unexpected chance to do something that allows you to become successful in your job

〔意想不到的〕机会，机遇

There are hundreds of young musicians out there looking for their first break.

有成百上千的年轻音乐人在寻找崭露头角的机会。

He got his first [big break](bold) in 1998.

1998年他得到了第一个大好机会。

the place where a bone in your body has broken

It’s quite a bad break, which will take several months to heal.

骨折很严重，需要好几个月才能痊愈。

a situation in a game of tennis in which you win a game when your opponent is starting the game by hitting the ball first

She really needs a [break of serve](bold) now if she wants to win this match.

如果她要打赢这场比赛，现在非得破掉对方发球局才行。

the number of points that a player wins when it is their turn to hit the ball in a game such as snooker

a time when people stop following old customs and do something in a completely different way

It is time for a complete break with the past.

to suddenly start running towards something in order to escape from a place

〔为了逃跑〕突然冲向某地

As soon as the guard’s back was turned, they made a break for the door.

警卫一转身，他们就赶快向门口跑去。

Two of the prisoners [made a break for it](bold) but were soon recaptured.

两名囚犯越狱逃跑，但是很快就被抓了回来。

used when you want someone to stop doing or saying something that is annoying you

to stop being strict with someone so that a situation becomes easier for them

给某人一次机会，不苛求某人

Give the kid a break. It’s only his second day on the job.

放过这小伙子吧，他干这活才第二天呢。

the time early in the morning when it starts getting light


breakdown

problems caused by the  increase in marital breakdown

A growing proportion of children are affected by family breakdown.

(=when people do not talk or are unable to talk)

The misunderstanding was the result of a communication breakdown.

The disagreement finally led to a complete breakdown of their relationship.

(=one that is impossible to put right again)

The irretrievable breakdown of a marriage may be grounds for divorce.

Money problems often cause marriage breakdown.

〔关系的〕破裂；〔体系的〕崩溃，失败

He moved away after the breakdown of his marriage.

他婚姻破裂以后就搬走了。

A sudden rise in oil prices could lead to a breakdown of the economy.

油价暴涨会导致经济崩溃。

There has been a serious breakdown in relations between the two countries.

两国关系出现了重大裂痕。

Family breakdown can lead to behavioural problems in children.

家庭破裂会导致孩子的行为出现问题。

a serious medical condition in which someone becomes mentally ill and is unable to work or deal with ordinary situations in life

I was worried he might [have a breakdown](bold) if he carried on working so hard.

我担心他这样辛苦地工作下去，精神会崩溃。

Two years ago he [suffered](bold) a mental [breakdown](bold).

两年前，他精神崩溃过一次。

She had already had one [nervous breakdown](bold).

她已经有过一次神经崩溃。

an occasion when a car or a piece of machinery breaks and stops working

Always carry a phone with you in case you [have a breakdown](bold) on the motorway.

一定要随身带电话，以防汽车在高速公路上抛锚。

a list of all the separate parts of something

Can you give us a breakdown of the figures?

给我们看一下数字明细好吗？

the changing of a substance into other substances

the breakdown of glucose in the body to release energy

葡萄糖在体内分解释放出能量

[break down](bold) at → [break](->break) 1


breakfast

→ [bed and breakfast](->bed and breakfast) → [continental breakfast](->continental breakfast) → [English breakfast](->English breakfast) [wedding breakfast](bold) at → [wedding](->wedding) sense 1 [make a dog’s breakfast of sth](bold) at → [dog](->dog) 1 sense 8

You eat something [for breakfast](bold) : I had toast and coffee for breakfast.
Don’t say: [At breakfast I had toast and coffee.](strike)

You use [at breakfast](bold)  to talk about something that happens while you are eating breakfast: I saw her this morning at breakfast.

Most people don’t eat a big breakfast nowadays.

I think kids need a good breakfast before they go to school.

She ate a light breakfast of toast and coffee.

(=a big breakfast with bacon, egg, toast etc – used especially in hotels)

A lot of people like to have an English breakfast on holiday.

Do you feel like having a cooked breakfast?

(=one in a hotel, where you serve yourself)

A buffet breakfast is served in the hotel's elegant dining room.

Continental breakfast can be served in your room.

I grabbed a quick breakfast and ran to the bus stop.

On Sunday mornings I like to have a leisurely breakfast.

We had an early breakfast and left before 7.30.

She suggested we meet at 8.30 for a working breakfast.

Did you put the breakfast dishes in the dishwasher?

Dad was clearing the breakfast things away.

The house has a large kitchen and a breakfast room.

Many breakfast cereals are high in sugar.

(=programmes on television in the early morning)

The children all eat their cereal in front of breakfast television.

We [had](bold) bacon and eggs [for breakfast](bold).

After a [hearty breakfast](bold)(=large breakfast), we set out for a hike.

我们吃了一顿丰盛的早餐，然后出发去远足了。

a [light breakfast](bold)(=small breakfast)

a [working breakfast](bold)(=a breakfast at which you talk about business)


breakthrough

Detectives think they may have made a breakthrough in their hunt for the murderer.

With further funding, the research team hope to be able to achieve a breakthrough.

This represents a major breakthrough in the search for a cure.

Einstein  believed he was on the verge of a big breakthrough.

Another very significant breakthrough has been made by Dr David Peacock.

Their findings led to a major technological breakthrough.

The agreement was a historic breakthrough in political history.

an important new discovery in something you are studying, especially one made after trying for a long time

→see THESAURUS at [progress](->progress) 1

Scientists have [made](bold) a major [breakthrough](bold) in the treatment of cancer.

科学家在癌症治疗方面取得了重大突破。

[break through](bold) at → [break](->break) 1


breast

[beat your breast](bold) at → [beat](->beat) 1 sense 31 → [chimney breast](->chimney breast)

one of the two round raised parts on a woman’s chest that produce milk when she has a baby

These bras are specially designed for women with large breasts.

这些胸罩专为乳房丰满的女性设计。

the part of your body between your neck and your stomach

Dick cradled her photograph against his breast.

迪克把她的照片轻轻拥在胸前。

the front part of a bird’s body, below its neck

meat that comes from the front part of the body of a bird such as a chicken

the part of a jacket, shirt etc that covers the top part of your chest

〔夹克衫、衬衫等的〕前胸，胸襟

→ [double-breasted](->double-breasted) → [single-breasted](->single-breasted)

to admit that you have done something wrong

和盘托出，如实供认，坦白

where your feelings of sadness, love, anger, fear etc come from


breast

to push against something with your chest

以胸部推 …；挺胸顶着 …


breath

[with bated breath](bold) at → [bated](->bated)

Alex took a deep breath, then jumped into the pool.

(=not breathe out for a few seconds or minutes)

How long can you hold your breath underwater?

(=have difficulty breathing after running, hurrying etc)

Andrew hurried in, slightly out of breath.

(=be unable to breathe easily because you are ill, old etc)

Near the top of the mountain I started to feel short of breath.

He was lying on the floor gasping for breath.

He leant against a tree until he had got his breath back.

She talked solidly for five minutes, hardly pausing for breath.

I hid behind the door, hardly daring to draw breath.

(=in which you breathe a lot of air in slowly)

She took a deep breath and knocked on the door.

(=in which you breathe a small amount of air in)

Shallow breaths are often a sign of nervousness.

(=when you are unable to breathe easily)

Symptoms include dizziness and shortness of breath.

(=when you breathe in very quickly and suddenly, especially because you are surprised)

His first response was a sharp intake of breath.

→ Do not confuse the noun [breath](bold)/breθ/  with the verb [breathe](bold)/briːð/ [She took a deep breath and continued.](italic)
						[I can’t breathe in here!](italic)

the air that you send out of your lungs when you breathe

利奥闻得到她呼出的葡萄酒味。

When he reached the top of the stairs, his heart was pounding and he was gasping for breath.

他爬到楼梯顶端时，心怦怦直跳，大口地喘着气。

an amount of air that you take into your lungs

肖恩深深地吸了口气，然后一头扎入水中。

something that is new and different in a way you think is exciting and good

Osborne’s play brought a breath of fresh air to the British theatre.

奥斯本的戏剧给英国戏剧带来一股新的气息。

clean air outside, that you feel you need after being inside for a long time

I’m going outside for a breath of fresh air.

used to say that something is not going to happen soon

The system’s due for an update, but don’t hold your breath.

系统应该要更新了，不过有你等的。

to start breathing normally again after running or making a lot of effort

used to say that someone will not be able to persuade someone else, so there is no point in trying

Save your breath. She’s already made up her mind.

别费口舌了，她已经打定主意了。

Will he listen to me or will I just be wasting my breath?

他会听我的吗？抑或我只是在白费口舌？

The view from the top will take your breath away.

从顶上眺望，景色美得令人窒息。

in a quiet voice so that no one can hear you

‘Son of a bitch,’ he muttered under his breath.

“畜生。”他压低声音说。

used to say that someone has said two things at once that are so different from each other they cannot both be true

但紧接着，但同时〔指说自相矛盾的话〕

He criticized the film, then predicted in the same breath that it would be a great success.

他批评这部影片不好，但紧接着又说它会很卖座。

if you mention two people or things in the same breath, you show that you think they are alike or are related

和 …一起〔提及，表示认为二者相似或相关〕

I became nervous when the doctor mentioned my mother’s name and ‘cancer’ in the same breath.

医生把我母亲的名字和“癌症”联系在一起时，我便紧张起来。

a young poet mentioned in the same breath as T.S. Eliot

和T.S.艾略特齐名的一位年轻诗人

With his last breath, he cursed his captors.

他用最后的一口气诅咒绑架他的人。

a very small amount or a sign of something

They did everything they could to avoid the slightest breath of scandal.

他们想尽一切办法避免走漏一丝一毫丑闻。

Scarcely a breath of air disturbed the stillness of the day.

几乎没有一丝微风搅扰白日的宁静。


breathe

to take air into your lungs and send it out again

Mary knew he was asleep because he was breathing deeply.

to breathe out slowly and make a noise that shows you are disappointed, tired,  etc

‘Never mind,’ he sighed. ‘I’m sure there’ll be other opportunities.’

to breathe quickly and noisily through your mouth, because you have been using a lot of effort

They were panting by the time they got to the finish line.

to breathe very quickly and deeply and with difficulty

Her eyes were wide, and she was gasping for breath.

‘Do you think you can walk?’ ‘I’ll try to,’ he gasped.

to breathe noisily while you are sleeping

I couldn’t sleep because my husband was snoring.

to breathe with difficulty, making a noise in your throat and chest, because you are ill

to be unable to breathe easily, especially because you have been running or doing other exercise

I was out of breath by the time we reached the top of the hill.

to be unable to breathe easily, especially because you are unhealthy

Because she was so overweight, she was often short of breath.

She breathed deeply in the cool night air.

(=breathe loudly especially after exercise)

He’d been running and he was breathing hard.

(=breathe quickly because of illness, fear etc)

He closed his eyes, breathing fast under the fever.

The baby was fast asleep and breathing steadily.

Make sure the injured person can breathe easily.

It was wonderful to be outside and breathe some fresh air.

These children are breathing traffic fumes all day long.

It was so hot that I felt as though I could hardly breathe.

In high altitudes some people have trouble breathing.

The crowd pressed in around me and I struggled to breathe.

The room filled with smoke, and it was becoming difficult to breathe.

房间里全是烟，呼吸越来越困难。

People are concerned about the quality of the air they breathe.

人们关心他们所呼吸的空气的质量。

Relax and [breathe deeply](bold)(=take in a lot of air).

Roy breathed on his hands and rubbed them together vigorously.

罗伊往双手上哈了哈气，然后使劲地搓手。

The fat man opposite was breathing garlic all over me.

对面那个胖子的满口大蒜味直向我熏来。

used when saying that someone can relax because a worrying or dangerous situation has ended

某人可以放心了，某人可以松一口气了

With stocks going up, investors can breathe easily.

股票上涨，投资者可以放心了。

to stop being worried or frightened about something

Once the deadline passed, everyone breathed a sigh of relief.

最后期限一过，大家都松了一口气。

to pay very close attention to what someone is doing, in a way that makes them feel nervous or annoyed

How can I concentrate with you breathing down my neck all the time?

你总是这样盯着我，我怎么能集中注意力？

to not tell anyone anything at all about something, because it is a secret

Don’t breathe a word; it’s supposed to be a surprise.

一个字都不要透露出去，这是一个惊喜。

to change a situation so that people feel more excited or interested

Critics are hoping the young director can breathe new life into the French film industry.

影评家希望这位年轻导演会给法国电影业注入新的生命。

if your skin can breathe, air can reach it

if cloth or clothing breathes, air can pass through it so that your body feels pleasantly cool and dry

if you let wine breathe, you open the bottle to let the air get to it before you drink it

〔打开瓶盖让葡萄酒〕通气

to say something very quietly, almost in a whisper

“等一下。”他轻声说道。

[live and breathe sth](bold) at → [live](->live) 1 sense 19


breathing

When I picked up the phone, all I heard was [heavy breathing](bold)(=loud breathing).

我拿起电话，只听到粗重的呼吸声。


breed

→ [well-bred](->well-bred) [born and bred](bold) at → [born](->born) 1 sense 3

[past tense and past participle](italic) [bred](bold) /bred/

if animals breed, they mate in order to have babies

Eagles breed during the cooler months of the year.

雕在一年中较凉爽的季节繁殖。

to keep animals or plants in order to produce babies or new plants, especially ones with particular qualities

These dogs were originally bred in Scotland to round up sheep.

这些狗最初在苏格兰是为了圈羊而培育的。

→ [crossbreed](->crossbreed) 1 → [purebred](->purebred) → [thoroughbred](->thoroughbred)

to cause a particular feeling or condition

引起，酿成，招致〔某种情感或状况〕

Poor living conditions breed violence and despair.

贫困的生活条件滋生暴力和绝望情绪。

if a place, situation, or thing breeds a particular type of person, it produces that type

养育，哺育，生养〔某一类型的人〕

Society’s obsession with sex has bred a generation of unhappy children.


breed

a type of animal that is kept as a pet or on a farm

西班牙猎犬是我最喜欢的犬种。

a particular kind of person or type of thing

Real cowboys are [a dying breed](bold)(=not many exist anymore).

真正的牛仔现在已非常少见。

Dodd was one of that [rare breed](bold)(=there are not many of them) who could make the game of football look simple.

多德可以让足球比赛显得很简单，很少有人能做到这样。

[a new breed of](bold) international criminal


breeze

[shoot the breeze](bold) at → [shoot](->shoot) 1 sense 13

It was a beautiful day with a blue sky and a gentle breeze.

The curtains lifted in the light breeze.

There was a good stiff breeze, just right for sailing.

It was getting late and a cool breeze was blowing.

A warm breeze ruffled the leaves of the trees.

A fresh breeze is blowing from the north.

The boats were moving up and down in the sea breeze.

People were out walking, enjoying the evening breeze.

He felt the soft summer breeze against his skin.

A gentle easterly breeze was blowing in from the Atlantic.

The strong breeze blew sand in our faces.

A cool breeze drifted through the window.

The room was hot and no breeze came through the window.

A light breeze stirred the waters of the bay.

Don’t think that learning Dutch will be a breeze.

不要以为学荷兰语是件轻松的事。


breeze

to walk somewhere in a calm confident way

She just breezed into my office and said she wanted a job.

她信步走进我的办公室，说要一份工作。

to do very well in a test, a piece of written work etc, with very little effort

轻松完成〔考试、书面作业等〕

Don’t bother studying for the English exam – you’ll breeze it.

英语考试不用复习——你肯定能轻松通过。


brew

Every beer on the menu was brewed locally.

酒单上的所有啤酒都是本地酿造的。

if a drink of tea or coffee is brewing, the taste is getting into the hot water

泡，沏〔茶〕；煮〔咖啡〕

if something unpleasant is brewing, it will happen soon

〔不快之事〕酝酿，即将来临

There’s [trouble brewing](bold) in the office.

if a storm is brewing, it will happen soon


brew

泡好的饮料；〔尤指〕泡好的茶

啤酒；一罐啤酒；一杯啤酒

The band played a strange brew of rock, jazz, and country music.

这个乐队演奏由摇滚乐、爵士乐和乡村音乐混合而成的一种奇怪音乐。


brewery

a place where beer is made, or a company that makes beer


bribe

to illegally give someone, especially a public official, money or a gift in order to persuade them to do something for you

The only way we could get into the country was by bribing the border officials.

我们要进入这个国家，唯一的办法是贿赂边境官员。

He bribed one of the guards to smuggle out a note.

他买通其中一个警卫，让他偷偷地带一张字条出去。

to offer someone, especially a child, something special in order to persuade them to do something

Sam wouldn’t do her homework until I bribed her with ice cream.

我用冰激凌哄萨姆，她才肯做家庭作业。


bribe

Some sportsmen have been offered bribes to perform badly.

Any officials who accept bribes will face criminal charges.

They issued passports to people who gave them bribes.

It was claimed that the company paid bribes to win the contract.

The mayor is accused of accepting bribe money.

money or a gift that you illegally give someone to persuade them to do something for you

The officials said that they had been [offered bribes](bold) before an important game.

这几名官员说，有人在一场重要比赛之前向他们行贿。

A Supreme Court judge was charged with taking bribes.

最高法院的一名法官被指控收受贿赂。

something special offered to someone, especially a child, in order to persuade them to do something

〔尤指用来诱哄小孩做事的〕好处


bribery

We tried everything – persuasion, bribery, threats.

我们什么都试过——劝过，给过好处，也威胁过。

He was found guilty of [bribery and corruption](bold)(=bribery and dishonest behaviour).

他被判犯有贿赂和贪污罪。


brick

[be (like) banging/bashing etc your head against a brick wall](bold) at → [head](->head) 1 sense 31 [drop a brick](bold) at → [drop](->drop) 1 sense 27

a hard block of baked clay used for building walls, houses etc

Protesters attacked the police with stones and bricks.

抗议者用石头和砖块袭击警察。

houses – used especially when talking about them as an investment

房产〔尤指作为一种投资〕

a small square block of wood, plastic etc used as a toy

a good person who you can depend on when you are in trouble

used to talk about changing from selling things in shops to selling things on the Internet


bride

a woman at the time she gets married or just after she is married


bridegroom

also: [groom](bold)  [n](bold) <[C](bold)>

a man at the time he gets married, or just after he is married


bridesmaid

a girl or woman, usually unmarried, who helps a bride on her wedding day and is with her at the wedding


bridge

[burn your bridges](bold) at → [burn](->burn) 1 sense 18 [cross that bridge when you come to it](bold) at → [cross](->cross) 1 sense 10 [be (all) water under the bridge](bold) at → [water](->water) 1 sense 6

Finally a new bridge was erected over the road.

An estimated 150,000 cars cross the bridge each day.

A pretty stone bridge crosses the little river.

By 1875 a railroad bridge spanned the Missouri.

There's a road bridge linking the site with Stockton town centre.

Go under the railway bridge and turn right.

The government plans to construct a new road bridge to the island.

(=one that hangs from strong steel ropes)

A famous suspension bridge spans the estuary.

(=one that can be pulled up for ships to go under)

(=a short bridge with a steep slope at each side)

a structure built over a river, road etc that allows people or vehicles to cross from one side to the other

→ [suspension bridge](->suspension bridge) → [swing bridge](->swing bridge)

something that provides a connection between two things

〔事物之间的〕桥梁，纽带

The training programme is seen as a bridge between school and work.

该培训计划被视为衔接学校和职场的桥梁。

a scheme to [build bridges](bold)(=make a better relationship) between the police and the community

the raised part of a ship from which the officers control it

a card game for four players, who play in pairs

the upper part of your nose between your eyes

the part of a pair of glasses that rests on your nose

a small piece of wood under the strings of a violin or guitar, used to keep them in position

a small piece of metal that keeps false teeth in place by attaching them to your real teeth


bridge

to reduce or get rid of the difference between two things

弥合〔差异〕，消除〔分歧〕

The differences between our two cultures can be bridged if we continue to communicate.

如果保持沟通，我们两种文化之间的差异可以弥合。

Alvin managed to [bridge the gap between](bold) ballet and modern dance.

阿尔文设法弥合了芭蕾舞和现代舞蹈之间的差异。

to build or form a bridge over something


brief

He lived there all his life, apart from a brief period during the war.

For a brief spell in early summer it is the most beautiful of all the trees.

The old lady’s gaze rested on her for a brief moment.

The president flew to Argentina for a brief visit.

(=a sight of something that lasts for a short time)

From the train I had a brief glimpse of the city.

There was a brief pause before he replied.

After a brief silence, she made another suggestion.

He made a brief appearance before reporters outside his Manhattan townhouse.

We stopped by Alice’s house for a brief visit.

我们顺路在艾丽斯家小坐片刻。

Let’s keep this conversation brief; I have a plane to catch.

我们长话短说吧，我还要赶飞机。

格林在剑桥短暂生活过一段时间。

using very few words or including few details

The president read a brief statement to reporters before boarding his plane.

总统登机前向记者宣读了一则简短声明。

to say or write something using only a few words, especially because there is little time

I’ll be brief; a lot of changes are going to happen.

我就长话短说吧，接下来将会发生许多变化。

clothes that are brief are short and cover only a small area of your body


brief

official instructions that explain what someone’s job is, what their duties are etc

The architect’s brief is to design an extension that is modern but blends with the rest of the building.

对建筑师的要求是扩建部分的设计既要有现代感，又要与大楼的其他部分浑然一体。

a short spoken or written statement giving facts about a law case

The ACLU filed a brief (=gave one to the court) opposing the decision.

美国公民自由联盟提交了辩护摘要反对这个判决。

a law case that a lawyer will argue in a court

We should, in brief, invest heavily in digital systems.

总之，我们应该在数字化系统上大力投资。

Here again are today’s headlines in brief.

现在再次播报今天的新闻提要。

men’s or women’s underwear worn on the lower part of the body


brief

to give someone all the information about a situation that they will need

The president has been fully briefed on the current situation in Haiti.

总统听取了海地当前局势的全面汇报。


briefcase

a flat case used especially by business people for carrying papers or documents


briefing

information or instructions that you get before you have to do something

〔行动前得到的〕情况简报，简要指示


briefly

Sonia explained briefly what we had to do.

索尼娅简要说明了我们要做的事。

Briefly, I think we should accept their offer.

简言之，我认为我们应该接受他们的要约。


bright

[brightly](bold) adv. eg: The sun shone brightly. eg: brightly coloured clothes eg: She smiled brightly.

Photographs fade if they are exposed to strong sunlight.

extremely bright, especially in a way that seems good

The garden was full of brilliant autumn sunshine.

a dazzling light is so bright that it hurts your eyes and you cannot look at it

a blinding light is very bright and makes you unable to see for a short time after you have looked at it

There was a sudden blinding light, followed by the sound of a huge explosion.

In the harsh light of the kitchen, she looked older than she was.

if the light is good in a place where you are working, it is bright enough for you to see what you are doing

bright because there are plenty of electric lights

[comparative](italic) [brighter](bold) [superlative](italic) [brightest](bold)

shining strongly, or with plenty of light

Her eyes were hurting from the bright lights.

明亮的光线刺痛了她的眼睛。

if the weather is bright, the sun is shining and there is a lot of light

intelligent and able to learn things quickly

→see THESAURUS at [intelligent](->intelligent)

一个聪明、有抱负的年轻人

a very good idea – sometimes used ironically (ironic)

聪明点子〔有时为讽刺用法〕

He is constantly coming up with [bright ideas](bold) for making money.

他老是会想出些赚钱的好法子。

bright colours are strong and easy to see

她给了他一个灿烂的微笑。

他抬起头来，用明亮的眼睛看着我。

if the future looks bright, you think that something will be successful

The school’s future now looks very bright.

现在，这所学校的前途看起来非常光明。

I’m sure the company [has a bright future](bold) now.

我确信公司现在前途光明。

to see the good points in a situation that seems to be bad

Come on, try to look on the bright side.

He was up bright and early, keen to get started.

他一大早就起来了，急着开始工作。

someone who says or does something that they think is intelligent but is really wrong or stupid

Some bright spark thought the building was on fire and called the fire brigade.

不知道哪个聪明人以为大楼着火了，就叫来了消防队。

the interesting exciting life in a big city

她怀念伦敦丰富多彩的生活。

an event or a period of time that is more pleasant when everything else is unpleasant

〔不幸中的〕可喜之事，亮点

The only bright spot of the weekend was our trip to the theatre.

这个周末唯一高兴的事就是我们去看了场戏。


brilliant

[brilliantly](bold) adv. eg: The sun was shining brilliantly. eg: The goalkeeper played brilliantly.

brilliant light or colour is very bright and strong

〔光线〕明亮的；〔色彩〕艳丽的

→see THESAURUS at [bright](->bright)   →see THESAURUS at [colour](->colour) 1

She closed her eyes against the [brilliant light](bold).

强烈的光线下，她闭起了眼睛。

We sat outside in the [brilliant sunshine](bold).

我们坐在外面，沐浴在灿烂的阳光下。

I think that’s a [brilliant idea](bold).

我觉得那是个绝妙的主意。

一位才华横溢的年轻音乐家

The film was [absolutely brilliant](bold).

In this meaning, [brilliant](bold)  is not used with ‘very’. You say: We had an absolutely brilliant time.
Don’t say: [We had a very brilliant time.](strike)

He had a long and [brilliant career](bold).

The project was a [brilliant success](bold).


bring

bring about
bring along
bring around/round
bring back
bring down
bring down on/upon
bring forth
bring forward
bring in
bring into
bring off
bring on
bring on/upon
bring onto
bring out
bring out in
bring round
bring through
bring together
bring up

to take something or someone to the place where you are now, or the place where you are going

He asked his father if he could bring a friend to stay.

to move something to another place, or help someone go to another place

I took a book with me to read on the train.

to go to another place and come back with something or someone

Joseph told me to fetch the doctor, so I ran to the village.

The treaty brought peace to both England and France.

A bomb scare brought chaos to the town centre yesterday.

It is our responsibility to discuss how this conflict can be brought to an end.

At last the meeting was brought to a close.

Juvenile cases need to be brought to a conclusion quickly.

(=make someone have power over a country)

The revolution brought to power a communist government.

(=catch and punish someone for their actions)

The authorities swore that the killers would be brought to justice.

The people of the island were suddenly brought into contact with the outside world.

(=make it almost impossible for someone or something to continue)

A severe drought brought the country to its knees.

[past tense and past participle](italic) [brought](bold) /brɔːt/ US /brɒːt/

to take something or someone with you to the place where you are now, or to the place you are talking about

It was the first time Joey had ever [brought](bold) a girl [home](bold).

那是乔伊第一次带女孩子回家。

They [brought news](bold) of further fighting along the border.

他们带来了边境后续冲突的消息。

Is it OK if I bring some friends to the party?

我带几个朋友来参加聚会行吗？

For some reason, Jesse had brought a tape recorder with him.

不知为什么，杰西带了一台盒式录音机来。

to get something for someone and take it to them

你再给我拿一杯啤酒好吗？

Robert asked the waiter to bring him the check.

罗伯特叫服务生给他拿账单来。

While she was in prison, friends used to bring her books.

她在狱中时朋友经常给她带书去。

He expects me to bring everything to him.

他指望我什么东西都给他带去。

to make a particular situation exist, or cause a particular feeling

引起，造成，导致〔某种情况或情感〕

efforts to [bring peace](bold) to the region

给这个地区带来和平的努力

The strikes are expected to bring chaos.

The senator’s speech brought an angry response from civil rights groups.

那名参议员的话引起了民权团体的愤怒。

to cause someone or something to reach a particular state or condition

[bring sth to an end/close/halt/conclusion](bold)(=make something stop)

The trial was swiftly brought to an end.

It was the war that first [brought](bold) him [to power](bold)(=made him have power over a country).

正是那场战争首次将他推上权力宝座。

So far the US has been unable to [bring](bold) him [to justice](bold)(=make him be punished for his actions).

至今美国还是未能将他绳之以法。

[Bring](bold) the sauce [to the boil](bold)(=heat it until it boils).

The country had been [brought to its knees](bold)(=caused to be in such a bad condition that it is almost impossible to continue).

to make something move in a particular direction

Bring your arm up slowly until it’s level with your shoulder.

慢慢将手臂举到齐肩的高度。

The storm brought the old oak tree crashing down.

if something brings people to a place, it makes them go there

The discovery of gold brought thousands of people to the Transvaal.

黄金的发现把成千上万的人引到了德兰士瓦。

[what brings you here?](bold)(=used to ask why someone is in a particular place)

What brings you here on a night like this?

这样的晚上，是什么风把你吹来的？

to make something available for people to use, have, enjoy etc

带来〔可供人们使用、拥有、享受等的东西〕；使得到；创造

The expansion of state education brought new and wider opportunities for working class children.

公立教育的发展为工人阶级子弟带来了新的、更广阔的机会。

The government is launching a new initiative to bring jobs to deprived areas.

政府正在出台一个新的方案，为贫困地区创造就业机会。

It’s a good sign – let’s hope it will bring us some luck.

这是一个好征兆——但愿会给我们带来好运。

if a period of time brings a particular event or situation, the event or situation happens during that time

〔某段时间〕带来，使发生

The 1930s brought unemployment and economic recession.

20世纪30年代带来了失业和经济衰退。

bring charges/a lawsuit/a court case/a prosecution/a claim (against sb)

to begin a court case in order to try to prove that someone has done something wrong or is legally responsible for something wrong

指控（某人），起诉（某人），（对某人）提起诉讼

Survivors of the fire later brought a billion-dollar lawsuit against the company.

火灾幸存者后来对该公司提起诉讼，索赔十亿美元。

The police say they are planning to bring charges against him.

警方说他们准备对他提出指控。

使某人唇边/脸上现出笑意

Her words brought a sudden smile to his lips.

她的话使他唇角突然上扬露出笑意。

used when saying what the new total etc is

使总数/数字/得分等变成 …

这样一来，总数就变成46了。

cannot/could not bring yourself to do sth

to feel unable to do something because it would upset you or someone else too much

〔因为会让自己或他人非常难过而〕无法做某事

She still can’t bring herself to talk about it.

她还是难以开口说这件事。

used when saying that something is the next thing that you want to talk about

把〔某人〕带入新话题，使〔某人〕接下去谈论

[that/this/which brings me to ...](bold)

This brings me to the main point of today’s meeting.

由此，我要谈到今天会议的重点。

if a programme is brought to you by a particular television or radio company, they broadcast it or make it

播出，制作〔电视或广播节目〕

This programme is brought to you by the BBC.

本节目由英国广播公司为您播出。

to use something, for example your power, authority, or your knowledge, in a way that will have a big effect on something or someone

使 …（对 …）产生影响

The full force of the law was brought to bear on anyone who criticized the government.

to earn the money that your family needs to live


brink

a situation when you are almost in a new situation, usually a bad one

（某事物的）边缘〔一般指不好的情况〕

[on the brink of death/disaster/war etc](bold)

In October 1962 the world seemed on the brink of nuclear war.

1962年10月，世界似乎处于核战争的边缘。

The company had huge debts and was on the brink of collapse.

公司背负巨额债务，濒临破产。

managers who have taken their companies to the brink of disaster

使公司面临灾难的管理者们

He will go down in history as the leader who pulled us back from the brink (=saved us from disaster).

他带头救我们于危难之中，将名垂青史。

to make someone start doing crazy or extreme things

the edge of a very high place such as a cliff


brisk

[briskly](bold) adv. eg: They walked briskly.

他们迈着矫健的步伐上路了。

quick, practical, and showing that you want to get things done quickly

trade or business that is brisk is very busy, with a lot of products being sold

The public bar was already doing a [brisk trade](bold).

公众酒吧区生意已经很红火了。


broad

Sport is a part of a broad range of activities that we call leisure.

Among the public there is a broad spectrum of opinion.

Our range of programmes fall into three broad categories.

Psychobiology is a broad area covering many different topics.

(=a varied group that is typical of a larger varied group)

We offer entertainment to appeal to a broad cross-section of people.

The course is designed to provide a broad base for students looking to work in IT.

The government was a broad alliance of eight political parties.

(=one that includes a range of subjects)

Students are encouraged to follow a broad curriculum in the first year.

(=be attractive to many different types of people)

a road, river, or part of someone’s body etc that is broad is wide

我们走在一条宽阔的走廊上。

He was six feet tall, with broad shoulders.

他身高六英尺，肩膀宽阔。

The room is three metres long and two metres broad.

这个房间长三米，宽两米。

In everyday English, [wide](bold)  is more common than [broad](bold) :

They sell a [wide](bold) range of bikes.

[Broad](bold)  is often used when describing someone's shoulders.

including many different kinds of things or people

The show aims to reach the broadest possible audience.

这个节目力图覆盖尽可能广泛的观众群。

Students here study a broad range of subjects.

这里的学生所学的科目范围很广。

Private pension schemes fall into two broad categories.

私人养老金计划分两大类。

a party which lacks a [broad base](bold) of political support

The play is a comedy, [in the broadest sense of the word](bold).

这部剧从广义上说是喜剧。

concerning the main ideas or parts of something rather than all the details

The client should understand, [in broad terms](bold), the likely cost of the case.

委托人对这场诉讼可能需要的费用应该有个大致了解。

I’ll give you a broad outline of the plan.

我来给你讲讲大体的计划。

a broad accent clearly shows where you come from

Abby came in with a broad smile on her face.

阿比满面笑容地走了进来。

if something, especially a crime, happens in broad daylight, it happens in the daytime and in public

在大白天；在光天化日之下

The attack happened in broad daylight, in one of the busiest parts of town.

袭击事件就发生在光天化日之下，还在城里最繁华的地段之一。

a hintsuggestion that is very clear and easy to understand

In June he gave a broad hint that he might retire.

六月份他曾明确暗示过他可能会退休。

an organization that contains a wide range of opinions

兼容并包的组织，广纳众议的机构

The Labour Party has to be a broad church.

工党必须是一个海纳百川的政党。

broad humour is rather rude or concerned with sex


broad

[n](bold) <[C](bold)> ([AmE](special)) [spoken](special) [not polite](special)

婆娘，娘儿们〔对成年女子的蔑称〕


broadband

[broadband](bold) adj. <only before noun> eg: broadband communications

a system of sending radio signals, that allows several messages to be sent at the same time

a system of connecting computers to the Internet and moving information, such as messages or pictures, at a very high speed

宽带〔连接计算机和因特网，用于高速传输信息的系统〕


broadcast

The president addressed the nation in a television broadcast.

The match was shown live in a world-wide satellite broadcast.

The BBC's evening news broadcast was interrupted.

(=a short television advertisement made by a political party)

How are party political broadcasts funded?

(=shown before an election to persuade people to vote for a party)

a live television broadcast from Beijing

An Internet broadcast can reach a truly global audience.

He made a long broadcast over the radio.

The prime minister gave a television broadcast to the country at 10:15.

a programme on the radio or on television

CNN’s [live broadcast](bold) of the trial (=sent out at the same time as the events are happening)

美国有线电视新闻网对这场庭审的现场直播


broadcast

[past tense and past participle](italic) [broadcast](bold)

to send out radio or television programmes

The interview was [broadcast live](bold) across Europe.

这次采访向整个欧洲进行了现场直播。

Don’t broadcast the fact that he lost his job.

不要到处去声张他丢了工作的事。


broaden

to increase something such as your knowledge, experience, or range of activities

增长〔知识、经验等〕；扩大〔活动范围等〕

The course helps school-leavers broaden their knowledge of the world of work.

这门课程有助于毕业生增加对职场的了解。

I’d like to work abroad to [broaden](bold) my [horizons](bold)(=learn, experience, or attempt new things).

我想去国外工作，开阔一下眼界。

Travel [broadens](bold) the [mind](bold)(=helps you to understand and accept other people’s beliefs, customs etc).

to affect or include more people or things, or to make something affect or include more people or things

（使）扩大〔影响或所包含的范围〕

Mr Mates said the party must broaden its appeal to younger voters.

梅茨先生说该党必须扩大在年轻选民中的影响。

Flynn’s appeal broadened as the campaign continued into the summer months.

随着这场运动持续到夏季，弗林的号召力也扩大了。

I want to broaden the discussion to other aspects of the problem.

我想将讨论范围扩展到这个问题的其他方面。

to make something wider, or to become wider

The council decided to broaden the pavement.

地方议会决定拓宽人行道。


broadly

in a general way, relating to the main facts rather than details

她大致知道会有什么结果。

我们得出了大致相同的结论。

[Broadly speaking](bold), there are four types of champagne.

Independent films are, [broadly defined](bold), movies that appeal to sophisticated audiences.

宽泛地说，独立电影是吸引有鉴赏力的观众的电影。

to have a big smile on your face that clearly shows that you are happy or amused

including a range of different things or subjects

a [broadly based](bold) school curriculum

我们多方投资，以降低风险。


brochure

ˈbrəʊʃə, -ʃʊə

a thin book giving information or advertising something


broken

if something is broken, it does not work properly

The camera got broken when we were on holiday.

The birds had gotten into the cabin through a broken window.

In the corner of the room were a broken chair and a rickety old desk.

if a machine, especially one used by the public, is out of order, it is not working for a temporary period

if a computer system is down, it is not working

The computer system was down all afternoon, so we went home.

The network went down at 11:00 and we lost the whole morning’s work.

if a piece of electrical equipment is on the blink, it sometimes works and sometimes does not

The car’s air conditioning went on the fritz just as we reached Dallas.

used when saying that a car, machine etc does not work properly and you do not know why

There’s something wrong with my car; I think it might be the battery.

There was something wrong with the photocopier, so we called in the service company.

If the VCR has something wrong with it, take it back to the store.

used when saying that a car, machine etc is completely broken and cannot be repaired

Do you know how the phone [got broken](bold)(=became broken)?

你知道电话是怎么坏掉的吗？

in small pieces because it has been hit, dropped etc

Wrap it up well so it doesn’t [get broken](bold)(=become broken) in the mail.

把它包装好，免得在邮寄过程中碎裂。

cracked because you have had an accident

Gibbs had an X-ray, which revealed no broken bones.

吉布斯拍了X光片，显示没有骨折。

extremely weak mentally or physically because you have suffered a lot

〔精神或身体〕垮掉的；衰弱的；颓丧的

他从战场上回来，整个人都垮了。

if you speak in broken English, French etc, you speak slowly and make a lot of mistakes because you know only a little of the language

蹩脚[不流利]的英语/法语等

a family that no longer lives together because the parents have divorced

〔父母离异造成的〕破裂家庭

The majority of offenders do not come from broken homes.

大多数犯罪者并非来自破裂家庭。

a marriage that has ended because the husband and wife do not live together anymore

a feeling of extreme sadness, especially because someone you love has died or left you

我估计她是伤心过度而死的。

a society which has many social and financial problems

破裂社会〔存在诸多社会、经济问题的社会〕

This report paints a depressing picture of Britain's broken society.

这份报告描绘了一幅英国破裂社会的惨淡图景。


broker

someone who buys and sells things such as shares in companies or foreign money for other people

〔为他人买卖股票或外汇的〕经纪人

someone who arranges sales or business agreements for other people

〔为他人安排交易的〕经纪人，掮客


broker

to arrange the details of a deal etc so that everyone can agree to it

a ceasefire agreement brokered by the UN

由联合国出面调停而达成的停火协议


bronze

a hard metal that is a mixture of copper and tin

a work of art such as a statuemodel of a person, made of bronze

金获得了100米比赛的铜牌。


bronze

having the dark reddish brown colour of bronze


broom

a large brush with a long handle, used for sweeping floors


brother

→ [blood brother](->blood brother) → [half-brother](->half-brother) → [stepbrother](->stepbrother)

(=older brother – used especially by or to children)

Jake was my big brother and I admired him.

Luke and his twin brother Sam went everywhere together.

(=brother with only one parent the same as yours)

(=the son of your stepfather or stepmother)

His dad’s new wife brought him two step-brothers.

我有两个兄弟，威廉和马克。

I have to take my little brother to school.

My [big brother](bold)(=older brother) has always looked after me.

a word meaning a black man, used especially by other black men

兄弟〔黑人男子之间的称呼〕

a male member of a group with the same interests, religion, profession etc as you

弟兄；（男性）同胞，同仁，同行，会友

a male member of a religious group, especially a monk

〔同教会的〕男性教友，主内弟兄；〔尤指〕僧侣，修士

a member of a fraternitya club of male university students

〔大学里的〕男生联谊会成员，兄弟会成员

soldiers who have fought together in a war


brother

used to show you are annoyed or surprised

哇，呀，哎〔表示恼火或惊讶〕

Oh, brother – I really don’t want to deal with this now.

哎呀，我现在实在不想处理这事。


brother-in-law

the husband of your husband or wife’s sister


brow

the part of your face above your eyes and below your hair

[mop/wipe your brow](bold)(=dry your brow with your hand or a cloth because you are hot or nervous)

[your brow furrows/creases/wrinkles](bold)(=lines appear on your brow because you are thinking or are worried)

His brow furrowed. ‘I don’t understand,’ he said.

他蹙起了眉头。“我不明白。”他说。


brown

It was autumn and the leaves were already rusty brown.

He was wearing a chocolate brown pullover.

having the colour of earth, wood, or coffee

having skin that has been turned brown by the sun

〔皮肤〕棕色的，被晒黑的

He’d been on vacation and looked very brown.

他去度了假，看上去晒得很黑。

He was as [brown as a berry](bold) after two weeks in the sun.

他晒了两个星期的太阳，皮肤变得黝黑黝黑的。


brown

This particular model is available in brown, white, or grey.

这个型号有棕色、白色和灰色的。


brown

to heat food so that it turns brown, or to become brown by being heated

首先，把肉放在锅里煎成褐色。

to become brown because of the sun’s heat, or to make something brown in this way

（使）〔经日晒〕变成褐[棕]色

The children’s faces were browned by the sun.

孩子们的脸被太阳晒黑了。

They are [getting browned off](bold) by the situation.

他们对这种情况渐渐腻烦了。


browse

[browse](bold) n. <singular> eg: We had a quick browse around the shops.

to look through the pages of a book, magazine etc without a particular purpose, just looking at the most interesting parts

随意翻阅，浏览〔书刊等〕

Jon was browsing through the photographs.

to look at the goods in a shop without wanting to buy any particular thing

The trip allows you plenty of time for browsing around the shops.

此次旅行会让你有足够的时间逛商店。

tourists browsing the boutiques and souvenir stalls

逛游时装店和纪念品小摊的游客

to search for information on a computer or on the Internet

〔在计算机或因特网上〕浏览〔信息〕

a feature that allows you to browse your hard drive and choose the graphic you want to display

让你可以浏览硬盘驱动器选择自己想要显示的图像的功能

if a goat,deer etc browses, it eats plants


browser

a computer program that finds information on the Internet and shows it on your computer screen


bruise

a purple or brown mark on your skin that you get because you have fallen, been hit etc

〔皮肤上的〕瘀青，碰伤，擦伤

a mark on a piece of fruit that spoils its appearance


bruise

[bruised](bold) adj. eg: a badly bruised knee eg: a bruised ego

if part of your body bruises, or if you bruise part of your body, it gets hit or hurt and a bruise appears

碰伤，擦伤；（使）出现瘀伤

She fell off her bike and bruised her knee.

她从自行车上摔下来，擦伤了膝盖。

to affect someone badly and make them feel less confident

打击，挫伤〔某人的自信心〕

这件事挫伤了他的自尊心。

if a piece of fruit bruises, or is bruised, it gets a bruise by being hit, dropped etc

（使）〔水果〕出现擦痕，碰伤


brunch

a meal eaten in the late morning, as a combination of breakfast and lunch

早午餐〔早餐和午餐并作一顿吃〕


brush

an object that you use for cleaning, painting, making your hair tidy etc, made with a lot of hairs,bristles, or thin pieces of plastic, fastened to a handle

→ [hairbrush](->hairbrush) → [nailbrush](->nailbrush) → [paintbrush](->paintbrush) → [toothbrush](->toothbrush)

small bushes and trees that cover an area of land

branches that have broken off bushes and trees

〔从灌木和树上断落的〕枯枝

a movement in which you brush something to remove dirt, make something smooth, tidy etc

I’ll just [give](bold) my hair a quick [brush](bold).

a quick light touch, made by chance when two things or people pass each other

the brush of her silk dress as she walked past

a time when you only just avoid an unpleasant situation or argument

〔和不愉快之事等的〕短暂接触；小冲突

His first [brush with the law](bold) came when he was 16.

A [brush with death](bold) can make you appreciate life more.

与死神擦肩而过会让你更加珍惜生命。


brush

brush aside
brush down
brush off
brush up (on)

[brush sth under the carpet](bold) at → [sweep](->sweep) 1 sense 15

to clean something or make something smooth and tidy using a brush

to remove something with a brush or with your hand

〔用刷子〕刷掉；〔用手〕拂去

埃拉掸去她外衣上的面包屑。

to touch someone or something lightly when passing them

有什么东西掠过她的肩头。

我感觉到她的头发拂过我的胳膊。

内尔在门道里和他擦肩而过。

to put a liquid onto something using a brush

Brush a little oil over the top of the pizza.


brutal

[brutally](bold) adv. eg: He was brutally murdered. eg: If I’m brutally honest, I don’t like her dress.

→see THESAURUS at [cruel](->cruel)   →see THESAURUS at [violent](->violent)

a brutal attack on a defenceless old man

对一个没有自卫能力的老人的野蛮袭击

not pleasant and not sensitive to people’s feelings

他回答得太过直接，不留情面。


bubble

When water boils, bubbles rise to the surface.

水烧开时，水面会冒泡泡。

She was [blowing bubbles](bold) in her milk with a straw.

她含着吸管在牛奶里吹泡泡。

a small amount of air trapped in a solid substance

Examine the glass carefully for bubbles.

仔细检查玻璃是否有气泡。

波尔的声音中带着一丝怒气。

a circle around the words said by someone in a cartoon

〔漫画中圈起人物话语的〕话泡

a situation in which the prices of something such as company shares or houses increase a lot very quickly, so they are too high and will quickly come down again

Eager investors created a stock market bubble.

心急的投资者制造了一个股市泡沫。

used for saying that a very successful or happy period of time suddenly ends

The bubble has finally burst in the mobile phone industry.

移动电话行业的泡沫终于破灭了。

to make someone suddenly realize that something is not as good as they thought it was


bubble

The cola bubbled up when I unscrewed the lid.

我拧开瓶盖，可乐冒出了气泡。

to make the sound that water makes when it boils

The water was bubbling away on the stove.

炉子上的水咕嘟咕嘟地滚着。

if a feeling or activity bubbles, it continues to exist

Resentment was still bubbling inside her.

Speculation that he plans to resign has been bubbling away for months.

好几个月来大家都在猜测说他打算辞职。


bucket

[kick the bucket](bold) at → [kick](->kick) 1 sense 20 [a drop in the bucket](bold) at → [drop](->drop) 2 sense 8

an open container with a handle, used for carrying and holding things, especially liquids

the quantity of liquid that a bucket can hold

a part of a machine shaped like a large bucket and used for moving earth, water etc

〔机器的〕桶状部件；铲斗；料斗

if rain comes down in buckets, it is raining very hard


bud

→ [cotton bud](->cotton bud) → [taste bud](->taste bud) [nip sth in the bud](bold) at → [nip](->nip) 1 sense 3

a young tightly rolled-up flower or leaf before it opens

[in bud](bold)(=having buds but no flowers yet)

[come into bud](bold)(=start to produce buds)


bud

[past tense and past participle](italic) [budded](bold) [present participle](italic) [budding](bold)


budget

The organization has an annual budget of $24 million.

He has a plan to balance the federal budget.

We had to make cuts in the defence budget.

Often the husband and wife contribute equally to the family budget.

The club does not have a large budget for new players.

Most young people have to live within a tight budget.

Our clients usually have a fixed budget.

The film had been made on a shoestring budget.

The National Institute of Health had a total budget of $11. 3 billion.

There has been an increase in the overall budget made available by the Government for training.

Hospital caterers have a budget of about £20 per person per week.

The Metropolitan Police has overspent its budget by £70 million.

(=spend only the money that is available)

Further cuts are needed in order to keep within the budget.

the importance of balancing the budget and cutting taxes

(=when a government has spent more money than it has)

The country has a budget deficit of over $4 billion.

(=when a government has more money than it spends)

A huge budget surplus of over £16 billion was recorded.

(=reductions in the amount of money that is available)

The department has suffered severe budget cuts.

the money that is available to an organization or person, or a plan of how it will be spent

a welfare program with a budget of $2 million

预算为200万美元的福利计划

The budget for photography has been cut.

on/within budget (=not using more money than planned)

The project was completed within budget.

这一项目在预算内完成了。

under budget (=using less money than planned)

If you come in under budget, everyone will be very impressed.

如果没有超出预算，大家都会很佩服你。

over budget (=using more money than planned)

if you are on a budget, you do not have much money to spend

Travellers on a budget might prefer to camp.

钱紧的旅行者可能更喜欢野营。

a book which offers great ideas for decorating on a budget

为经济型装修支妙招的一本书

an official statement that a government makes about how much it intends to spend and what taxes will be necessary


budget

to carefully plan and control how much money you spend and what you will buy with it

编制预算；把 …编入预算；精打细算

我们必须更仔细地安排开支。

This scheme enables you to budget the cost through fixed monthly payments.

这个计划可以让你把费用分摊在每个月里等额偿还。

我们已经把明年要买新车纳入预算。

if you budget something such as time, you decide how much of it you will need


budget

very low in price – often used in advertisements

经济的，廉价的，便宜的〔常用于广告中〕

used for saying how much money has been spent on doing something, especially making a film

〔尤指拍摄电影〕低预算/高预算的


buffet

a meal at a party or other occasion, in which people serve themselves at a table and then move away to eat

The price includes morning coffee, buffet lunch, and afternoon tea.

这一价格包含早晨的咖啡、自助午餐和下午茶。

a place in a railway station, bus station etc where you can buy and eat food or drink

〔车站等的〕快餐部，餐饮柜台

a piece of furniture in which you keep the things you use to serve and eat a meal


buffet

[Buffet](bold)  is often passive in meaning 1 and usually passive in meaning 2.

if something, especially wind, rain, or the sea, buffets something, it hits it with a lot of force

〔尤指风、雨或海浪〕猛烈袭击

London was buffeted by storms last night.

我厌倦了生活的艰难坎坷。


bug

The doctor says it’s just a 24-hour bug.

Six out of ten travellers get a stomach bug abroad.

A lot of staff are off because there’s a bug going round.

an illness that people catch very easily from each other but is not very serious

上个周末我生了一场小病。

There’s [a](bold) nasty [bug going round](bold)(=that a lot of people have caught).

现在流行着一种很烦人的传染病。

[tummy/stomach bug](bold)(=illness affecting your stomach)

a fault in the system of instructions that operates a computer

〔计算机程序的〕错误，故障，缺陷

a small piece of electronic equipment for listening secretly to other people’s conversations

a sudden strong interest in doing something

I had one flying lesson and immediately [caught the bug](bold)(=became very interested in flying).

我上了一节飞行课，马上就着了迷。


bug

[past tense and past participle](italic) [bugged](bold) [present participle](italic) [bugging](bold)

It just bugs me that I have to work so many extra hours for no extra money.

我得加班那么长时间，却拿不到分文加班工资，这使我很恼火。

The baby’s crying is really bugging him.

婴儿的哭闹实在让他心烦。

to put a bugsmall piece of electronic equipment somewhere secretly in order to listen to conversations

你认为这房间装了窃听器吗？


build

build around
build in
build into
build on
build up
build up to

to make a house, road, wall, bridge etc using bricks, stone, wood, or other materials

A new stadium will be built for the Olympics.

to build a building, bridge, machine etc. [Construct](bold) is more formal than [build](bold)

The council plans to construct two new schools.

to build a wall, fence, or building, or put a statue somewhere. [Put up](bold) is less formal than [build](bold)

The neighbours have put up a new wooden fence.

to build a wall, fence, or building, especially a public building, or put a statue somewhere

A monument to the Canadian soldiers was erected in Green Park.

Developers have hastily thrown up family homes in the area.

to make something from its parts, for example a piece of furniture

It took an hour to put the bookcase together.

to put all the parts of something such as a machine or a piece of furniture together

[past tense and past participle](italic) [built](bold) /bɪlt/

to make something, especially a building or something large

The purpose is to build new houses for local people.

目的是要为当地居民建造新住宅。

They needed $3 million to build the bridge.

他们需要300万美元来修建这座桥。

It is the female birds that build the nests.

Developers want to build on the site of the old gasworks.

开发商想在煤气厂旧址上造房子。

He’s going to build the children a doll’s house.

他打算给孩子们搭一个玩偶屋。

使发展；使形成；建立；树立；培养

She had built a reputation as a criminal lawyer.

她已经树立起了刑事诉讼律师的声望。

Ross took 20 years to build up his business.

罗斯花了20年的时间创业。

[build (up) a picture of sb/sth](bold)(=form a clear idea about someone or something)

We’re trying to build up a picture of what happened.

我们试图弄清事情发生经过。

if a feeling builds, or if you build it, it increases gradually over a period of time

Tension began to build as they argued more frequently.

他们争吵越来越频繁，关系也随之紧张起来。

In order to build your self-esteem, set yourself targets you can reach.

为了增强自尊心，要为自己设定一些可以达到的目标。

to try to establish a better relationship between people who do not like each other

Peter needs to try and build bridges with Lizzie.

彼得要设法和莉齐好好沟通。


build

He was of medium build and wearing a light-coloured jacket.

She was very strong despite her slender build.

He had the thin build of a long-distance runner.

Simpson was of slight build and shy in character.

The man was described as of stocky build with dark hair.

These exercises will help you achieve a strong muscular build.

You’re a surprisingly strong swimmer for one of such a [slight build](bold).

你个子这么瘦小，想不到竟是游泳高手。

I wanted a more [athletic](bold) and [muscular build](bold).

我想拥有更加健壮、结实的体格。


builder

a person or a company that builds or repairs buildings

建筑工人；建筑商；建造者


building

a structure such as a house, church, or factory, that has a roof and walls

The college needs money to pay for new buildings.

a building or piece of land, or both together – used especially when talking about buying and selling buildings or land

The next property they looked at was too small.

The company received permission to build six residential properties on the land.

the buildings and land that a shop, restaurant, company etc uses

You are not allowed to drink alcohol on the premises.

a group of buildings, or a large building with many parts, used for a particular purpose

The town has one of the best leisure complexes in the country.

a group of new buildings that have all been planned and built together on the same piece of land

a large tall building that contains apartments or offices, or is part of a school, university, or hospital

a tower blocka very tall building - often used disapprovingly

My next lecture is in the science block.

a place or building used for a particular activity or industry

a large building, especially one that is tall and impressive – a very formal use

Their head office was an imposing edifice.

something that has been made to stand upright – used especially when talking about buildings

The stone arch is one of the town’s oldest existing structures.

Mogul calls this building, designed by Donald and John Parkinson in 1928, ‘the most important structure in Los Angeles of the 20th century.’

They keep pulling down the old buildings and putting up new ones.

pull down/knock down/tear down a building

All the medieval buildings were torn down.

Permission is needed to demolish listed buildings.

The park was surrounded by tall buildings.

Our office building is just ten minutes’ walk from where I live.

The town has a number of interesting public buildings, including the old town hall.

The old station was a fine building, but has sadly been demolished.

the impressive buildings around the town’s central square

The farmhouse is a long stone building about a century old.

Our villa was a delightful two-storey building.

(=an old building of historical interest)

Most of the historic buildings are from the 18th century.

(=a historic building that is protected by a government order)

The school is actually a listed building.

Near the canal there are a number of derelict buildings.

He rented an apartment at the top of a dilapidated building in Paris.

The farm was surrounded by tumbledown buildings.

建筑物；楼房，房子，楼宇

The offices are on the top two floors of the building.

办公室在大楼最顶上两层。

the process or business of building things

There is a limited supply of land for building.

stone, timber, and other building materials

石料、木材及其他建筑材料

The enquiry recommended the building of a tunnel.

调查结果建议修建一条隧道。


built-in

forming a part of something that cannot be separated from it


bulb

the glass part of an electric light, that the light shines from

a root shaped like a ball that grows into a flower or plant


bulk

The bulk of consumers are based in towns.

大多数消费者都是城镇居民。

The dough will rise until it is double in bulk.

面团会发酵到原来的两倍大。

if you buy goods in bulk, you buy large amounts each time you buy them

〔购买商品〕大批地，大宗地


bulk

the buying etc of goods in large quantities at one time

bulk goods are sold or moved in large quantities

〔货物〕大宗的，大批的，大量的

向商业面包店供应的大批量面粉

if you send something bulk mail, you send large amounts of it for a smaller cost than normal


bulk

to be the main or most important part of something


bull

[cock and bull story](bold) at → [cock](->cock) 1 sense 4 [like a red rag to a bull](bold) at → [red](->red) 1 sense 5 [shoot the bull](bold) at → [shoot](->shoot) 1 sense 13

an adult male animal of the cattle family

the male of some other large animals such as the elephant or whale

〔象、鲸等大型〕雄性动物

to bravely or confidently deal with a difficult, dangerous, or unpleasant problem

Nora decided to take the bull by the horns and organize things for herself.

诺拉决定迎难而上，自己来安排事情。

nonsense or something that is completely untrue

if you are like a bull in a china shop, you keep knocking things over, dropping things, breaking things etc

if you move somewhere like a bull at a gate, you move there very fast, ignoring everything in your way

the centre of a target that you are shooting at

someone who buys shares because they expect prices to rise


bull

used to say that you do not believe or agree with what someone has said

胡扯！你怎么会有那种想法？


bullet

→ [plastic bullet](->plastic bullet) [bite the bullet](bold) at → [bite](->bite) 1 sense 9

Police fired rubber bullets to break up the crowd.

There was a scar where the bullet had entered his shoulder.

a bullet is lodged in sb's chest/brain etc

Surgeons are trying to remove a bullet lodged in his neck.

(=hits something and moves away from it again)

He threatened to put a bullet through my brain.

The soldier lifted the machine gun and sprayed bullets through the trees.

He was tragically killed by a stray bullet.

(=one made of rubber/plastic, not designed to kill)

Riot police fired plastic bullets into the air.

An explosive bullet is a very unpleasant weapon.

He died from a bullet wound to his chest.

There were two bullet holes in the windscreen.

Officers were met by a hail of bullets from the house.

a small piece of metal that you fire from a gun

Several [bullet holes](bold) could be seen beside a window.

窗户边可以看到几个弹孔。


bulletin

an official statement that tells people about something important

a letter or printed statement that a group or organization produces to tell people its news

〔团体或机构出版的〕公报，通讯，通报


bully

someone who uses their strength or power to frighten or hurt someone who is weaker

恃强凌弱者，以大欺小者，霸凌者


bully

[bullying](bold) n. <U> eg: an attempt to tackle the problem of bullying in schools

[past tense and past participle](italic) [bullied](bold) [present participle](italic) [bullying](bold) [third person singular](italic) [bullies](bold)

to threaten to hurt someone or frighten them, especially someone smaller or weaker

欺侮，霸凌，恐吓〔尤指以大欺小，恃强凌弱〕

to put pressure on someone in order to make them do what you want

Don’t let them bully you into working on Saturdays.

不要让他们逼你星期六上班。


bully off

〔曲棍球〕开球，开始比赛


bully

used when you do not think that someone has done anything special but they want you to praise them

Yes, I know you’ve done all the dishes. Bully for you!

是的，我知道你把碗碟都洗了。有啥了不起的！


bum

someone, especially a man, who has no home or job, and who asks people for money

someone who spends all their time on the beach, skiing etc without having a job

〔无业的〕流连海滩者/滑雪迷等

to make a large number of people go to see a film, play, sports match etc

She’s the kind of star who will put bums on seats.

她是那种很有票房号召力的明星。

to make someone leave a place, especially a public place, quickly

驱赶某人快速离开〔尤指驱离公共场所〕


bum

[v](bold) <[T](bold)> ([BrE](special)) [informal](special)

[past tense and past participle](italic) [bummed](bold) [present participle](italic) [bumming](bold)

to ask someone for something such as money, food, or cigarettes


bum

[adj](bold) <[only before noun](bold)> [informal](special)

The orchestra was excellent. No one played a bum note.

这支管弦乐队非常棒，谁都没错一个音。

Jim got [a bum deal](bold)(=unfair treatment).


bump

I ran after him, bumping against people in my hurry.

我在后面追他，匆忙间撞到了别人身上。

Tim was a clumsy boy, always bumping into the furniture.

蒂姆是个笨手笨脚的孩子，老是撞到家具上。

The roof was so low he [bumped](bold) his [head](bold)(=his head hit the roof).

屋顶很低，他都碰到头了。

to move up and down as you move forward, especially in a vehicle

〔尤指交通工具〕颠簸而行

一辆警车颠簸着行驶在小路上。

飞机在跑道上颠簸着滑行。

to push or pull something somewhere in an irregular or unsteady way

胡乱地推；磕磕碰碰地拖拽

Flora was bumping her bags down the steps.

弗洛拉正拖着她的行李走下台阶。

to move someone or something into a different class or group, or to remove them from a class or group altogether

〔从等级或群体中〕挤出，挤掉

The flight was overbooked, and Dad was the first one to be bumped.

航班超额预订，爸爸是第一个被挤掉的。

The reforms bumped many families off the state-provided health care list.

改革把许多家庭挤出了公费卫生保健名单。

to move a radio or television programme to a different time

改变〔广播电视节目〕的播出时间

‘Married with Children’ will be bumped from Sundays to Saturdays.

《拖家带口》将从星期天改到星期六播出。


bump

an area of skin that is raised because you have hit it on something

〔皮肤遭撞击造成的〕包，肿块

He had a few injuries, mostly bumps and bruises.

他有几处受了伤，大都是肿包和瘀青。

汽车撞到了路上一块凸起。

the sound or sudden movement of something hitting a hard surface

我们听到隔壁房间传来砰的一声。

罗丝砰的一声摔倒在地上。

a small accident in which your car hits something but you are not hurt


bumpy

[comparative](italic) [bumpier](bold) [superlative](italic) [bumpiest](bold)

a bumpy surface is flat but has a lot of raised parts, so it is difficult to walk or drive on it

a bumpy journey by car or plane is uncomfortable, with movements up and down because of bad road or weather conditions

having a lot of problems for a long time

一段坎坷的时期，一段困难时期

股民经历过一段漫长的苦日子。


bunch

[thanks a bunch](bold) at → [thanks](->thanks) 1

I picked a bunch of flowers from the garden.

She served the cheese with a bunch of black grapes.

You might like to add a bunch of fresh herbs to the stock.

a group of things that are fastened, held, or growing together

I’ll send her a [bunch of flowers](bold).

He had a [bunch of keys](bold) on his belt.

The ancient Egyptians were a clever bunch.

the best among a group of people or things

佼佼者，出类拔萃的人[事物]

a large number of people or things, or a large amount of something

There’s a [whole bunch](bold) of places I want to visit.

if a girl wears her hair in bunches, she ties it together at each side of her head


bunch

also: [bunch together](bold) [bunch up](bold)  [v](bold)

to stay close together in a group, or to make people do this

The children bunched together in small groups.

孩子们三五成群地聚在一起。

John stopped, forcing the rest of the group to bunch up behind him.

约翰停下脚步，使得其他人在他身后挤作一团。

to make part of your body tight, or to become tight like this

to pull material together tightly in folds

She bunched the cloth up and threw it away.

to hold or tie things together in a bunch


bundle

a group of things such as papers, clothes, or sticks that are fastened or tied together

a small bundle containing mostly clothing

一个小包袱，里面主要是衣服

a number of things that belong or are dealt with together

〔属于同一整体或合并处理的〕一批

computer software, and sometimes other equipment or services that are included with a new computer at no extra cost

〔新计算机自带的〕捆绑包

A company can [make a bundle](bold) by selling unwanted property.

公司出售多余资产可以收入一大笔钱。

an expression meaning a person or situation that is fun or makes you laugh, often used jokingly when they are not fun at all

〔人或情况〕很有意思〔常为戏谑说法，表示毫无趣味〕

Being a teenager isn’t a bundle of laughs.

十几岁的年龄可不是好玩的时候。

to not like something or someone very much

Jim never drank, and certainly didn’t go a bundle on gambling.

吉姆从不喝酒，当然也不热衷赌博。


bundle

to quickly push someone or something somewhere because you are in a hurry or you want to hide them

They bundled Perez into the car and drove off.

他们把佩雷斯塞进汽车就开走了。

我们六个人匆匆挤进了一辆出租车。

to include computer software or other services with a new computer at no extra cost

〔销售新计算机时〕搭售，捆绑销售〔计算机软件或其他服务〕

Microsoft can bundle Windows Vista at discounted prices with its popular desktop application programs.

The company offered customers a single computer solution, bundling together hardware and software.

公司捆绑销售硬件和软件，为客户提供一套完整的计算机解决方案。


bungalow

a small house that is often on one level


burden

At the age of 16, Suzy bore the burden of providing for her family.

This situation places the main burden of family care on women.

I was glad my brother was there to share the burden.

Smaller classes would ease the burden for teachers.

The tax shifts the burden towards the rich.

The tax burden falls most heavily upon the poorest people.

If I deal with the all the practical problems, that will lift the burden from your shoulders.

Caring for elderly relatives can be a heavy burden.

the financial burden of a large mortgage

These changes will ease the tax burden for small businesses.

He made a serious attempt ease the country's debt burden.

Too many exams can place an intolerable burden on young people.

The new legislation put an unfair burden on employers.

He felt unable to cope with the burden of responsibility.

The burden of taxation falls more heavily on the poor.

something difficult or worrying that you are responsible for

His family responsibilities had started to become a burden.

家庭责任已开始成为他的负担。

The burden of taxation has risen considerably.

I don’t like being a burden on other people.

If things go wrong he will bear the burden of guilt.

如果有什么差错，他就会心存愧疚。

the duty to prove that something is true


burden

to have a lot of problems because of a particular thing

被某事物所困扰；承受某事物的负担


bureau

[plural](italic) bureaus or [plural](italic) bureaux /-rəʊz/ US /-roʊz/

an office or organization that collects or provides information

〔收集或提供信息的〕办事处，机构

a government department or a part of a government department in the US

〔美国政府部门的〕司，局，处，署

an office of a company or organization that has its main office somewhere else

the London bureau of the Washington Post

《华盛顿邮报》驻伦敦办事处

a piece of furniture with several drawers, used to keep clothes in


bureaucracy

a complicated official system that is annoying or confusing because it has a lot of rules, processes etc

the reduction of unnecessary bureaucracy

the officials who are employed rather than elected to do the work of a government, business etc

官僚〔政府、企业等雇用的非选举产生的官员的总称〕


bureaucrat

someone who works in a bureaucracy and uses official rules very strictly

官僚；官僚主义者；官僚作风的人


bureaucratic

ˌbjʊərəˈkrætɪk◂

involving a lot of complicated official rules and processes


burger

→ [cheeseburger](->cheeseburger) → [Vegeburger](->Vegeburger)

a flat round piece of finely cut beef, which is cooked and eaten, or one of these served in a bread bun


burglar

someone who goes into houses, shops etc to steal things


burglar alarm

a piece of equipment that makes a loud noise when someone tries to get into a building illegally


burglary

the crime of getting into a building to steal things

入室盗窃案多数发生在夜间。


burial

the act or ceremony of putting a dead body into a grave

the act of burying something in the ground


burn

burn away
burn down
burn off
burn out
burn up

[Burn](bold)  belongs to a group of verbs where the same noun can be the subject of the verb or its object.

You can say: You’re burning the toast!  In this sentence, ‘the toast’ is the object of [burn](bold) .

You can also say: The toast is burning!  In this sentence, ‘the toast’ is the subject of [burn](bold) .

A pile of branches was burning in the yard.

if a building, car, piece of clothing etc is on fire, it is burning and being damaged

Before long, the neighbouring houses were on fire too.

By the time the fire engines got there, the whole building was already alight.

if something is ablaze, it is burning with a lot of flames, so that it is seriously damaged

Twelve hours after the bombing raid, many parts of the city were still ablaze.

The two hundred tonnes of straw were now ablaze and firefighters struggled to get the fire under control.

to burn very brightly with a lot of flames and heat

A big log fire was blazing in the fireplace.

to burn slowly and continuously, producing smoke but no flames

The fire in the chemical factory was so intense that it was still smouldering a week later.

if a fire or flame flickers, it burns with an unsteady light that appears and disappears quickly

A welcoming fire flickered in the grate.

Inside the shrine candles flicker next to statues of saints.

We were worried the house would catch fire.

Two farm workers died when a barn caught fire yesterday.

to suddenly start burning and produce a lot of flames that cause serious damage

The plane crashed into the side of the mountain and burst into flames.

if a chemical or gas ignites, it starts burning

The compound ignites at 450 degrees Celsius.

Scientists could not explain why the gas had suddenly ignited.

to damage or destroy something with fire or heat

She lit a fire and burned his letters one by one.

to make something start burning so that it gets damaged

Teresa wondered if the burning log might set fire to the curtains.

The Vikings attacked villages along the coast and set them on fire.

Sparks from the fireplace could easily set the curtains on fire.

to damage the surface of something by burning it so that a dark mark is left on it

Having the iron on a very high heat can scorch the fabric.

The heater was left on all night and it scorched the wall.

to damage hair, wool, paper etc by burning it slightly so that the ends or edges are burnt

The flames were hot enough to singe your eyebrows.

to burn your skin with very hot liquid or steam

The coffee was so hot it nearly scalded his tongue.

It’s easy to knock a pan off the stove and scald yourself.

He was scalded by steam escaping from the broken pipe.

to make something start to burn, especially something that burns easily such as a gas or chemical

The gas is ignited by an electrical spark.

It appears he threw away a lit cigarette which ignited the petrol spilt on the ground.

to make something such as a fire, cigarette, or candle stop burning

It took firefighters four hours to put out the blaze.

She threw sand on the fire to put it out.

I put out my cigarette and went back into the house.

/ɪkˈstɪŋɡwɪʃ/

He managed to extinguish the flames with his coat.

Customers who smoke will be asked to extinguish their cigarettes or leave the premises.

to make a flame or fire stop burning by blowing on it

He blew out the candle and went to sleep.

His face had been badly burned in the fire.

The animals were burned alive when a farm building caught fire.

Anyone inside the truck would have been burned to death.

In those days witches were burned at the stake.

[past tense and past participle](italic) [burnt](bold) /bɜːnt/ US /bɜːrnt/ or [past tense and past participle](italic) [burned](bold)

if a fire burns, it produces heat and flames

There was a fire burning in the fireplace.

An average household candle will burn for about six hours.

一般的家用蜡烛可以点六小时左右。

if something is burning, it is producing flames and being damaged or destroyed by fire

Parts of the building are still burning.

大楼的有些地方仍在燃烧。

to destroy or damage something with fire

Cars were burned and shops were looted during the rioting.

暴乱期间，汽车被焚，商店遭抢劫。

The Grand Hotel had [burnt to the ground](bold).

格兰德大酒店被大火夷为平地。

Make sure the iron isn’t too hot or you’ll burn the cloth.

注意熨斗温度不能过高，免得烫坏布料。

He dropped his cigarette and [burnt a hole in](bold) the carpet.

他的香烟掉下来，把地毯烫了一个洞。

to hurt yourself or someone else with fire or something hot

I [burned my hand](bold) on the oven door.

She was [badly burned](bold) in a road accident.

她在一次交通事故中被严重烧伤。

Sixteen passengers were [burned to death](bold)(=died in a fire).

A family of five were [burned alive](bold) in their home last night (=died in a fire).

昨晚有一家五口在家中被活活烧死。

Heretics were [burnt at the stake](bold)(=burnt in a fire as a punishment).

异教徒被绑在火刑柱上烧死。

if the sun burns your skin, or if your skin burns, it becomes red and painful from the heat of the sun

Don’t forget you can still [get burnt](bold) when you’re swimming or when it’s cloudy.

别忘了，就是在游泳或多云的时候还是会晒伤的。

Her face and neck were quite [badly burned](bold).

to spoil food by cooking it for too long, or to become spoiled in this way

to damage or destroy something by a chemical action

Quite a lot of household chemicals can burn your skin.

许多家用化学品都会烧伤皮肤。

if you burn a fuel, or if it burns, it is used to produce power, heat, light etc

greenhouse gases caused by the burning of fossil fuels

燃烧化石燃料产生的温室气体

if you burn fat or calories, you use up energy stored in your body by being physically active

消耗，燃烧〔脂肪或热量〕

Taking a brisk walk every morning is a great way to burn calories.

每天早上快步走是消耗热量的好办法。

if a light or lamp burns, it shines or produces light

A lamp was burning in the kitchen window.

if a part of your body burns, or if something burns it, it feels unpleasantly hot

（使）〔身体部位〕灼痛，（使）火辣辣地痛

The whisky burned my throat as it went down.

威士忌喝下去的时候，我感到喉咙火辣辣的。

if your face or cheeks are burning, they feel hot because you are embarrassed or upset

〔脸因窘迫或生气而〕发烫

I could feel my cheeks burning as I spoke.

我说话的时候感觉到自己的脸烧得发烫。

if you burn a CD or DVD, you record music, images, or other information onto it using special computer equipment

刻录，烧录〔光盘或数字影碟〕

to feel a particular emotion very strongly

to want to do or find out something very much

I was burning to know how he had got on in New York.

我急切地想知道他在纽约的情况。

to be emotionally hurt by someone or something

Take things slowly – don’t get burned again.

慢慢来，别让自己再受到伤害了。

The company got badly burned in the dot.com collapse.

网络行业崩溃的时候，公司遭受了巨大亏损。

burn your fingers/get your fingers burned

to suffer the unpleasant results of something that you have done

〔因自己做的事〕吃苦头，吃亏

I tried a dating agency once, but got my fingers badly burnt – I’ll never do it again.

我找过一次婚姻介绍所，结果吃了大亏——我以后再也不这样做了。

if money burns a hole in your pocket, you want to spend it as soon as you can

to do something with the result that you will not be able to return to a previous situation again, even if you want to

I’m really tempted to take up that job offer in Washington, but I don’t want to burn my boats with this company.

我很想接受华盛顿的那份工作，可又不想和这家公司闹掰。

to get very tired by doing things until very late at night and getting up early in the mornings

一根蜡烛两头烧，起早贪黑而疲惫不堪

used to say that something makes someone feel angry or jealous

某事使某人心生怒气[妒意]

It really burns me the way they treat us.

他们这样对待我们，我非常气愤。

在高速公路上疾驰的一辆跑车


burn

an injury caused by fire, heat, the light of the sun, or acid

〔火、高温、太阳光或酸引起的〕烧伤，灼伤，烫伤

His body was covered in cigarette burns.

She was taken to the hospital with serious burns.

她严重烧伤，被送进医院。

Several of the survivors [suffered](bold) severe [burns](bold).

有几名幸存者被严重烧伤。

She is being treated for [minor burns](bold).

她轻度烧伤，正在接受治疗。

a mark on something caused by fire or heat

The desk was covered with graffiti and [burn marks](bold).

a painful mark on the skin caused by it rubbing hard against something rough

a painful hot feeling in your muscles when you exercise a lot

〔大量锻炼后肌肉产生的〕酸痛感


burning

She was rescued from a burning building.

她被人从着火的大楼里救了出来。

Claudia put her hands to her burning face.

克劳迪娅用双手捂住自己发烫的脸。

a burning ambition, desire, need etc is very strong

勃勃的雄心/强烈欲望/迫切需要等

My burning ambition is to be world champion.

我雄心勃勃要当世界冠军。

a burning issue or question is very important and urgent

Education has become a burning issue in this election.

教育成了本届选举中一个十万火急的问题。

burning eyes look at you very hard or show very strong feeling


burnt

the past tense and past participle of burn

burn的过去式和过去分词


burnt

something that is offered as a gift to a god by being burnt on an altar

燔祭〔祭坛上焚烧以祭神的物品〕

food that you accidentally burnt while you were cooking it


burst

burst in on/upon
burst into
burst onto/upon/on
burst out

[full (up) to bursting](bold) at → [full](->full) 1 sense 1 [burst/prick sb's bubble](bold) at → [bubble](->bubble) 1 sense 7 [the bubble bursts](bold) at → [bubble](->bubble) 1 sense 6

[past tense and past participle](italic) [burst](bold)

if something bursts, or if you burst it, it breaks open or apart suddenly and violently so that its contents come out

（使）爆裂；（使）胀破；（使）爆炸

→see THESAURUS at [break](->break) 1   →see THESAURUS at [explode](->explode)

The [pipes](bold) had [burst](bold) and the house was under two feet of water.

水管爆裂，房子被水淹了两英尺。

to have a lot of something or be filled with something

John was bursting with ideas and good humour.

[be bursting with pride/energy/excitement etc](bold)

你妈妈为你感到无比骄傲。

to move somewhere suddenly or quickly, especially into or out of a place

冲，闯〔尤指进出某场所〕

The door burst open and Tom ran into the room.

门突然洞开，汤姆跑进了房间。

Zach was bursting to tell them something.

扎克迫不及待地想要告诉他们什么事。

(also: [be bursting at the seams](bold) )

to be so full that nothing else can fit inside

to make someone suddenly realize that something is not as good as they thought it was

戳破某人的肥皂泡，使某人幻想破灭

Steve was so happy I couldn’t bear to burst his bubble.

史蒂夫这么开心，我实在不忍心拆穿。

if a river bursts its banks, water from it goes onto the land


burst

the act of something bursting or the place where it has burst

爆裂；爆炸；爆裂处，裂口

a short sudden effort or increase in activity

一阵阵急促的机关枪扫射声

[burst of anger/enthusiasm/temper etc](bold)


bury

[be dead and buried](bold) at → [dead](->dead) 1 sense 14

[past tense and past participle](italic) [buried](bold) [present participle](italic) [burying](bold) [third person singular](italic) [buries](bold)

He was buried in the churchyard of St Mary’s.

他被安葬在圣玛丽教堂的墓地里。

to put something under the ground, often in order to hide it

Electric cables are buried beneath the streets.

to fall on top of someone or something, usually harming or destroying them

将 …埋在下面〔一般造成伤害或破坏〕

Fifty-seven miners were [buried alive](bold).

to cover something so that it cannot be found

His glasses were buried under a pile of papers.

他的眼镜埋在一堆文件下面。

[Bury](bold)  is usually passive in this meaning.

to ignore a feeling or memory and pretend that it does not exist

把〔感情或记忆〕埋在心里

to press your face etc into something soft

把脸/头等埋在（某物）里面

to cover your face with your hands because you are very upset

〔因难过〕双手掩面/抱头

to ignore an unpleasant situation and hope it will stop if you do not think about it

to agree to stop arguing about something and become friends

to push something, especially something sharp, into something else with a lot of force

将〔尤指尖利物〕用力插入

After the divorce, she buried herself in her work.

to put information in a document in a place where it is unlikely to be noticed, or to not make it available to people

The story was buried at the back of the paper.

这篇报道被藏在报纸背面。

She had buried her husband, two sons, and a daughter.

她失去了丈夫、两个儿子和一个女儿。


bus

You usually say [get on a bus](bold) : I got on the bus at the station.  ‘Get in’ is much less common.

You usually say [get off a bus](bold) : She got off the bus at her usual stop.  ‘Get out of’ is much less common.

You usually say that someone is [on a bus](bold) : All the people on the bus stared at me.  ‘In a bus’ is much less common.

You go somewhere [by bus](bold) : The children travel to school by bus.

You often talk about [the bus](bold) : It’s quicker if you take the bus. I was waiting for the bus for the airport.

a large vehicle that people pay to travel on

a bus with comfortable seats used for long journeys

Taking the coach is cheaper than the train.

a small bus with seats for six to twelve people

The school uses a minibus to take teams to matches.

a very long bus that has a joint in the middle that allows it to go around corners

Articulated buses have been used in Europe for many years.

a vehicle for passengers, which travels along metal tracks in the street, and usually gets power from electric lines over the vehicle

San Diego has a well-used trolley system.

a vehicle with many different parts for people to sit in, and which usually has open sides. A tram runs on wheels and is used to take tourists from place to place within a particular area

The tram takes visitors around the backlot of Universal Studios, where many famous movies were once made.

It’s easier to go on the bus than to drive.

It was the first time Craig had ridden a bus downtown by himself.

We were waiting for the bus for half an hour.

I waited and waited but the bus didn’t come.

The buses run less frequently on a Sunday.

(=a place where a bus stops for passengers)

(=a small covered area where you wait for a bus)

Some kids had vandalized the bus shelter.

(=a service that provides regular buses)

It’s a small village but there is a good bus service.

(=a ticket giving cheap or free bus travel)

Most of the students have a termly bus pass.

(=a place where buses start and finish their journeys)

(=a part of the road where only buses are allowed to drive)

You can be fined for driving in a bus lane.

She asked the bus driver where to get off for the Botanical Gardens.

The bus timetable changes on January 31st.

We were chatting while we stood in the bus queue.

(=one that makes regular short journeys between two places)

There’s a shuttle bus between the hotel and the beach.

London used to be famous for its double-decker buses.

(=one without a roof, used for showing tourists a town etc)

[plural](italic) buses or [plural](italic) busses ([especially AmE](bold))

公交车，公共汽车，巴士，客车

去那里最好是乘公共汽车。

Buses run at 15 and 30 minutes past the hour.

公共汽车在每小时的15分和30分发车。

a circuit  that connects the main parts of a computer so that signals can be sent from one part of the computer to another

〔计算机的〕总线，母线，汇流条


bus

[past tense and past participle](italic) [bused](bold) or [past tense and past participle](italic) [bussed](bold) [present participle](italic) [busing](bold) or [present participle](italic) [bussing](bold)

to take a person or a group of people somewhere in a bus

[Bus](bold)  is often passive in this meaning.

to take away dirty dishes from the tables in a restaurant

收拾〔餐馆饭桌上的脏碗碟〕

Shelley had a job [bussing tables](bold).

谢利在餐馆干收盘子的工作。


bush

[beat about the bush](bold) at → [beat](->beat) 1 sense 14

a plant with many thin branches growing up from the ground

wild country that has not been cleared, especially in Australia or Africa

〔尤指澳大利亚或非洲的〕荒野

a bush of hair is a lot of thick untidy hair


business

→ [big business](->big business) [funny business](bold) at → [funny](->funny) sense 3 [like nobody’s business](bold) at → [nobody](->nobody) 1 sense 2 [monkey business](bold) at → [monkey](->monkey) 1 sense 3 → [show business](->show business)

the activity of making money by producing, buying, or selling goods, or providing services

Business in Europe has been badly affected by economic conditions in the US.

the buying and selling of goods and services, especially between countries

Trade between European countries became easier after the introduction of the Euro.

the buying and selling of goods and services. [Commerce](bold) is more formal than [business](bold), and is used when talking about business activities in general

One of the roles of the federal government is to regulate commerce.

London became a great centre of commerce.

the local chamber of commercean organization which the companies and shops in an area belong to

the buying and selling of goods and services on the Internet

E-commerce is a fast-growing part of the US economy.

A lot of firms are keen to do business in Japan.

It is not a sensible way to conduct business.

A lot of university graduates want to go into business.

The bank gave me a loan to help me set up in business.

(=continue operating and not become bankrupt)

Even if they manage to stay in business for another year, their long-term survival remains under threat.

Some stores are finding it hard to stay in business.

(=stop doing business because of financial problems)

In a recession smaller firms often go out of business.

the music/entertainment/computer etc business

He started out working in the computer business.

(=an occasion when you buy or sell something)

Negotiation is the most important part of a business deal.

His wife refused to get involved in his business activities.

(=business activities, or shares in companies)

Both companies have substantial business interests in Indonesia.

There was pressure on the government from the business community.

You need to be flexible in today’s highly competitive business world.

Nick owned a software business in Boston.

There’s plenty of advice available on how to run your own business.

When you’re starting a business, you have to work longer hours.

When my father retired, I took over the business.

He spent years trying to build a business in Antigua.

She overcame many financial difficulties to establish her business.

Making a business succeed is not simple.

35% of small businesses fail in the first year of operation.

Many small businesses have been badly hit by the recession.

They offer services to small and medium-sized businesses.

a software/catering/construction etc business

His girlfriend runs a catering business.

For many years the hotel was a family business.

Kingwell had an export business in New Zealand.

Within a few years she had established a thriving business in London.

It soon became clear that the restaurant was not a viable business.

(=someone who shares a business with you)

Margie was his wife and also his business partner.

We need to take on a business manager to deal with some of the admin.

We’re providing our business customers with reliable, proven Internet technology.

the activity of making money by producing or buying and selling goods, or providing services

Students on the course learn about all aspects of business.

这门课程的学生要学习商业活动的各个方面。

Carl began in the music business by running a recording studio.

卡尔进入音乐这个行当是从经营录音棚开始的。

We do business with a number of Italian companies.

我们和一些意大利公司做生意。

He has a wide range of business interests.

Don’t use ‘the business’ when talking in general about the activity of making money. You say: Tourism is good for business.
Don’t say: [Tourism is good for the business.](strike)

an organization such as a company, shop, or factory that produces or sells goods or provides a service

She now has her own $25 million home-shopping business.

她现在自己有一家资产为2,500万美元的居家购物公司。

他们不知道如何经营企业。

The company began as a small family business.

这家公司是从一个小家族企业起家的。

the amount of work a company does or the amount of money it makes

We’re now [doing](bold) twice as much [business](bold) as we did last year.

我们现在的业务量是去年的两倍。

Exports account for 72% of overall business.

出口占贸易总额的72%。

[drum up business](bold)(=try to get more work for you or your company)

Perot was in Europe, drumming up business for his new investment company.

佩罗在欧洲为他新开的投资公司拉生意。

She’s in New York this week [on business](bold)(=for her work).

Hi Maggie! Is this phone call [business or pleasure](bold)?

嗨，玛吉！这个电话是公事还是私事？

We discussed the idea over a business lunch.

我们利用商务午餐讨论了这个想法。

if something is not your business or none of your business, you should not be involved in it or ask about it

It was not her business, she decided, to ask where the money came from.

最后她想，她不该过问这笔钱的来历。

It’s [none of your business](bold) how much I weigh.

‘Who’s that girl you were with?’ ‘[Mind your own business](bold)(=Don’t ask questions about something that does not concern you)!’

“和你在一起的那个女孩是谁？”“少管闲事！”

‘Are you going out with Kate tonight?’ ‘[That’s my business](bold)(=it doesn’t concern you, so don’t ask me questions about it)’.

“你今天晚上是不是要和凯特出去？”“那是我的事。”

if it is someone’s business to do something, it is their duty or responsibility to do it

It is the business of government to listen to the various groups within society.

倾听不同社会团体的声音是政府的职责。

things that need to be done or discussed

〔需要完成或讨论的〕事情

Okay, let’s [get down to business](bold)(=start doing or discussing something).

‘Is there [any other business](bold)?’ the chairman asked.

“还有其他事情吗？”主席问道。

a situation or activity, especially one that you have a particular opinion about or attitude towards

〔尤指持有某种看法或态度的〕事情，事件

[a serious/strange/funny etc business](bold)

Leon regards keeping fit as a serious business.

Tanya found [the whole business](bold) ridiculous.

塔尼娅认为整件事很可笑。

The company has been in business for over 30 years.

to have all that you need to start doing something

I’ve just got to buy the paint and then we’re in business.

我只要把油漆买来，我们就一切准备就绪了。

if a company goes out of business, or something puts it out of business, it stops operating, especially because of financial problems

〔尤指因财务困难〕停业，歇业，倒闭

Higher interest rates will drive small firms out of business.

to be working or operating in a normal way again

The band are back in business after a long break.

这支乐队沉寂了很长一段时间后重返舞台。

sb was (just) minding their own business

used to say that someone was not doing anything unusual or wrong at the time when something unfair or bad happened to them

某人（好端端）干着自己的事〔指某人无端遭遇祸事〕

I was driving along, minding my own business, when the police stopped my car.

我好端端开着车，警察把我拦了下来。

忙自己的事，做通常做的事

The street was full of ordinary people going about their business.

街上全是各忙各事的普通人。

to make a special effort to do something

把做某事当成自己的职责，认为自己理应做某事

Ruth made it her business to get to know the customers.

to be serious about doing something even if it involves harming someone

The border is guarded by troops who mean business.

边境由恪尽职守的军队守卫着。

something you need to discuss further with someone or a situation that has not yet reached a satisfactory solution

未竟事宜，尚未了结的事情

The sudden death of a loved one can often leave the bereaved with an agonising sense of unfinished business.

亲人突然离世，常常会让家属产生一种心愿未了的痛苦心理。

used to say that profit is the most important thing to consider

We can’t afford to employ someone who isn’t good at the job – business is business.

我们没钱雇一个不称职的人——公事归公事嘛。

when someone or something is still working or operating normally when you think they might not be

Despite last night’s scare, it was business as usual in the White House today.

尽管昨晚经历一场恐慌，今天白宫还是一切照常。

have no business doing sth/have no business to do sth

He was drunk and had no business driving.

to not be intending to do something because you think it is a bad idea

I’m not in the business of selling my best players.

我可不想把我最好的球员卖掉。

and other things of the same general kind

She handles the publicity and all that business.

她负责宣传等方面的事务。

used to say that something is very good or works well

Have you seen David’s new car? It’s the business!

你见过戴维的新汽车吗？很不错啊！

to do what you are expected to do or what people want you to do


businessman

(=owning businesses that employ only a few people)

He had researched the costs, like any good businessman.

The ship was owned by a wealthy businessman.

(=able to understand situations in business and make good decisions)

Are you a shrewd businessman, quick to see how to make a profit?

In many cities prominent businessmen encouraged and financed city centre improvements.


bus stop

a place at the side of a road, marked with a sign, where buses stop for passengers


bust

[past tense and past participle](italic) [bust](bold) ([BrE](bold)) , [past tense and past participle](italic) [busted](bold) ([especially AmE](bold))

今天早上我把手表摔坏了。

if the police bust someone, they charge them with a crime

He was busted by US inspectors at the border.

他在边境被美国高级警监拘捕。

if the police bust a place, they go into it to look for something illegal

Federal agents busted several money-exchange businesses.

联邦探员突击搜查了几家货币兑换店。

(also: [bust your butt/ass](bold) ([AmE](bold)) (spoken) )

I bust a gut trying to finish that work on time.

我拼着老命想按时完成那项工作。

to use too much money, so that a business etc must stop operating

The trip to Spain will probably bust our budget.

这次西班牙之行可能会超出我们的预算。

used with nouns to show that a situation is being ended or an activity is being stopped

打击犯罪的/破坏工会的/耗尽预算的等

used to say that you will try very hard to go somewhere or do something

to give someone a lower military rank as a punishment


bust

[boom to bust](bold) at → [boom](->boom) 1 sense 1

a model of someone’s head, shoulders, and upper chest, usually made of stone or metal

〔通常用石头或金属制作的〕半身像

a woman’s breasts, or the part of her clothes that covers her breasts

a measurement around a woman’s breast and back

a situation in which the police go into a place in order to catch people doing something illegal


bust

a business that goes bust cannot continue operating


busy

if you are busy, you have a lot of things you need to do

Sorry I haven’t called you, but I’ve been really busy.

Angela was becoming more and more unhappy, but her husband was too busy to notice.

very busy and in a hurry, because you have too many things to do

We’ve been absolutely rushed off our feet getting ready for our son’s birthday party.

so busy that you can hardly deal with all the work you have to do

I can’t stop for lunch today – I’m completely snowed under.

We’ve been snowed under with applications for the job.

extremely busy because you have a lot of work to deal with

Teachers say they are up to their ears in paperwork and don’t have enough time for teaching.

busy in your job, so that you cannot do anything else

I’m sorry, but he’s tied up at the moment. Could you call back later?

I can’t see you tomorrow: I’m tied up all day.

to have to do a lot of things, so that you need to hurry or work hard

Let’s get started – we have a lot to do.

to be busy, especially because you have arranged to do a lot of things during a particular period

He says he’ll try and see you as soon as possible, but he has a lot going on this afternoon.

use this about times when you have a lot of things you need to do

We have a busy day ahead of us tomorrow.

a hectic time or situation is extremely busy, so that you are always in a hurry and often feel excited or worried

The band had a hectic recording schedule.

the time in the morning and evening when a lot of people are travelling to or from work

The buses are so crowded during the rush hour you never get a seat.

In most British cities the rush hour does not start until about 8 o’clock.

[comparative](italic) [busier](bold) [superlative](italic) [busiest](bold)

if you are busy, you are working hard and have a lot of things to do

她现在正忙，你稍后打来好吗？

一个忙忙碌碌、育有四个孩子的妈妈

Mr Haynes is busy with a customer at the moment.

海恩斯先生此时正忙着接待一位顾客。

There were lots of activities to [keep](bold) the kids [busy](bold).

有很多活动可以让孩子们不闲着。

You are [busy with](bold)  something: I’m very busy with work at the moment.
Don’t say: [busy for something](strike)  [busy on something](strike)

a busy period of time is full of work or other activities

December is the busiest time of year for shops.

He took time out of his [busy schedule](bold) to visit us.

他在百忙之中抽空来看望我们。

a busy place is very full of people or vehicles and movement

我们住在一条非常热闹的路上。

if a telephone you are calling is busy, it makes a repeated sound to tell you that the person you are calling is talking on their telephone

我给索尼娅打过电话，但是占线。

a pattern or design that is busy is too full of small details – used to show disapproval

〔图案或设计〕繁杂的，复杂的〔含贬义〕