available

if something is available, you can buy it, get it, or use it

Are there any tickets still available for Saturday?

There’s no room for more books – we’ve used up all the available space.

if a seat or room is free, it is not being used by anyone

The hotel never has any free rooms over the Christmas period.

if a house or room is vacant, it is available for someone to use or rent

If you’re looking for somewhere to rent, I think there’s a vacant apartment in my building.

I’ll ask around and see if there’s a room vacant somewhere.

a spare room, key, tyre etc is one that you have in addition to the ones that you normally use, and is therefore available to be used

I got the spare tyre out of the back of the car.

an empty room, building etc has no one in it

The house was empty for two months before it was sold.

They have three empty rooms now that the kids have moved out.

if something is on offer, it is available for people to choose from

There is a huge network of cycle tracks on offer.

Other facilities on offer in this excellent hotel include a hairdressing salon, a coffee shop, and a children's play room.

the variety of delicious fruits on offer

if a seat or room is taken, it is not available for other people to use, because someone has already arranged to use it

I’m afraid all our rooms are taken at the moment.

Luckily a house soon became available for us.

With the Internet it is possible to make learning available wherever it is needed.

The material used was cheap and readily available.

One small tree was the only available protection from the sun.

Ruth sat down in the nearest available armchair.

You should practise speaking the language at every available opportunity.

something that is available is able to be used or can easily be bought or found

Tickets are available from the box office.

Not enough data is available to scientists.

Funds are available to assist teachers who want to attend the conference.

想参加大会的教师可获得资助。

No figures are available for the number of goods sold.

已售多少货物，数据无从可知。

There are plenty of jobs available in the area.

这个地区有许多就业机会。

[readily/widely available](bold)(=very easy to obtain)

Parking is readily available near the station entrance.

车站入口附近很容易找到停车位。

Meetings were held to update employees as soon as new information [became available](bold).

一有新的信息就开会告知员工。

Further building can continue when money is [made available](bold).

有了资金就可以继续进一步的施工。

[Every available](bold) space on the wall was covered in pictures.

墙上每一个可用的地方都挂上了画。

In everyday English, people usually say that a book, record etc is [out](bold)  rather than [available](bold) :

someone who is available is not busy and has enough time to talk to you

Collins was not available for comment on Thursday night.

科林斯星期四晚上没空发表评论。

someone who is available does not have a wife,boyfriend etc, and therefore may want to start a new romantic relationship with someone else

未婚未有对象〔因而有意谈恋爱〕的，单身待娶[待嫁]的


avalanche

a large mass of snow, ice, and rocks that falls down the side of a mountain

Two skiers were killed in the avalanche.

两名滑雪者在雪崩中丧生。

a very large number of things such as letters, messages etc that arrive suddenly at the same time

雪片般飞来的某物，突然大量到来的某物

The school received an avalanche of applications.

学校收到雪片般寄来的申请。


avenue

used in the names of streets in a town or city

街，大街〔用于城市街道名〕

The president wants to [explore every avenue](bold) towards peace in the region.

总统想探索一切途径实现该地区的和平。

There are many avenues open to researchers.

研究人员有许多途径可供选择。

a road or broad path between two rows of trees, especially one leading to a big house

〔尤指通向大房子的〕林荫道


average

the average amount is the amount you get when you add together several quantities and divide this by the total number of quantities

The age of the candidates ranged from 29 to 49 with an [average age](bold) of 37.

候选人的年龄29岁至49岁不等，平均37岁。

The [average cost](bold) of making a movie has risen by 15%.

制作一部影片的平均成本上升了15%。

The cars were being sold at an [average price](bold) of $11,000.

这些汽车的平均售价是1.1万美元。

an average amount or quantity is not unusually big or small

They have an average-size front garden and a large rear garden.

他们有一个中等大小的前院和一个大后院。

of average height/build/intelligence etc

He was in his late twenties and of average height.

having qualities that are typical of most people or things

The average American has not even thought about next year’s election.

普通的美国人甚至还没有想过明年的选举。

In an average week I drive about 250 miles.

平常我每周开车约250英里。


average

[law of averages](bold) at → [law](->law) sense 9

the amount calculated by adding together several quantities, and then dividing this amount by the total number of quantities

3、8、10的平均数为7。

Each person raised an average of £60 to plant an acre of trees.

平均每个人筹集60英镑来种一英亩的树。

The December figures brought the annual average for 2001 up to 10.6 per cent.

based on a calculation about how many times something usually happens, how much money someone usually gets, how often people usually do something etc

On average, men still earn more than women.

平均来看，男性仍比女性挣得多。

Nearly 80% of Swiss citizens on average turn out to vote.

平均有近80%的瑞士公民参加投票。

the usual level or amount for most people or things

Streets in the town centre are wider than the average.

市中心的街道比一般的要宽阔。

The school’s eighth-graders are above average in science.

该校八年级学生的自然科学水平高于平均水平。

The murder rate in the city has risen to four times [the national average](bold).

这座城市的凶杀案发案率已升至全国平均水平的四倍。


average

to usually do something or usually happen a particular number of times, or to usually be a particular size or amount

The water in the lake is not particularly deep, averaging about 12 metres.

湖水不是很深，平均约为12米。

The airport averages about a thousand flights a month.

那座机场每月平均约有1,000架次航班。

Inflation averaged just under 2.8% per year.

The rate of growth was averaged over a period of three years.

这个增长率是3年的平均值。


avert

to prevent something unpleasant from happening

The tragedy could have been averted if the crew had followed safety procedures.

如果乘务人员按照安全规则操作，这场悲剧是可以避免的。

to look away from something so that you do not see it

Henry averted his eyes as she undressed.

她脱衣服的时候，亨利把目光转向别处。


avoid

[Avoid](bold)  is followed by an [-ing](bold)  form, not an infinitive. You say: They are able to avoid paying taxes.
Don’t say: [They are able to avoid to pay taxes.](strike)

to deliberately not go near a person or place

We avoided Park Street because of the traffic.

to avoid a person or place, especially a dangerous one

She walked along the path, keeping well away from the edge of the cliff.

That man is trouble – I’d stay away from him.

to avoid a person or place, because there could be problems if you do not

I usually steer clear of the kitchen when Alan’s cooking.

I’d steer clear of Matthew if I were you.

to avoid a place by travelling around it instead of through the centre

We had to make a long detour because of the floods.

to find a way of not doing something that you should do

Some people will do anything to avoid work.

to avoid doing something you should do or something you promised to do. [Get out of ](bold) is more common than [avoid](bold) in everyday spoken English

We promised we’d go – we can’t get out of it now.

to avoid doing something you should do by making up excuses – used to show disapproval

He always seems to wriggle out of helping with the kids.

to avoid doing something that legally or morally you should do – used especially about taxes or responsibilities

The US cannot evade its responsibility for the war.

Road safety is taught to young children to avoid road accidents.

小孩子受到道路安全知识的教育，以避免交通事故。

It is important to take measures to avoid the risk of fire.

采取措施避免火灾风险很重要。

The refugees left to avoid getting bombed.

难民为躲避轰炸纷纷离去。

Alan [narrowly avoided](bold) an accident.

to stay away from someone or something, or not use something

似乎所有人都在躲着尼克。

She carefully avoided his eyes (=did not look directly at his face).

Pregnant women should avoid certain foods such as raw eggs.

孕妇应当戒吃生鸡蛋之类的食物。

Why did you speak to him? You usually [avoid](bold) him [like the plague](bold)(=try hard to avoid him).

你怎么同他说话了？你平时像躲瘟神一样躲着他的。

to deliberately not do something, especially something wrong, dangerous, or harmful

逃避〔尤指错误、危险或有害的事情〕

There are ways of legally avoiding taxes.

有多种方法可以合法避税。

You should avoid over-spending in the first half of the year.


await

Several men are awaiting trial for robbery.

if a situation, event etc awaits you, it is going to happen in the future

将发生在，将降临到〔某人身上〕

A terrible surprise awaited them at Mr Tumnus’ house.

在图姆纳斯先生家，一件意想不到的可怕事情在等待着他们。


awake

I was tired and it was hard to stay awake.

Kate lay awake thinking about what had happened.

The noise of the airplanes kept me awake.

Ben shook me awake and told me the news.

I'm never wide awake until I've had a cup of coffee.

Most of the people on the train were only half awake.

George, barely awake, came stumbling down the stairs.

She was still only half awake when I brought her a cup of coffee.

我给她端去咖啡的时候，她还是半睡半醒的样子。

How do you [stay awake](bold) during boring lectures?

听无聊的课你是怎样不让自己睡着的？

Emma [lay awake](bold) half the night, worrying.

埃玛忧心忡忡，半宿都没睡着。

The noise brought him [wide awake](bold)(=completely awake).

To [keep](bold) themselves [awake](bold)(=stop themselves from going to sleep) they sat on the floor and told each other stories.

为了不让自己睡着，他们坐在地板上相互讲故事。

to understand a situation and its possible effects

理解某事物，意识到某事物

Too few people are awake to the dangers of noise pollution.

意识到噪声污染危害性的人太少了。


awake

[past tense](italic) [awoke](bold) /əˈwəʊk/ US /əˈwoʊk/ [past participle](italic) [awoken](bold) /əˈwəʊkən/ US /əˈwoʊ-/

We awoke to a day of brilliant sunshine.

In everyday English, people usually use [wake up](bold)  rather than [awake](bold) :

I [woke up](bold) at 4 o'clock this morning.

if something awakes an emotion, or if an emotion awakes, you suddenly begin to feel that emotion

唤起，激发起〔情感〕；被唤起

The gesture awoke an unexpected flood of tenderness towards her.

没料到这个姿势激起了对她的无限柔情。


awaken

She was awakened by a noise at two in the morning.

凌晨两点，她被一个声音吵醒。

Bill slept a little until he was awakened to take his turn on guard.

比尔睡了一会儿，直到被叫醒去换岗。

In everyday English, people usually use [wake up](bold)  rather than [awaken](bold) :

She was [woken up](bold) by the phone ringing.

if something awakens an emotion, interest, memory etc it makes you suddenly begin to feel that emotion etc

Early involvement in music can awaken an interest that will last a lifetime.

早接触音乐可以激起终生的兴趣。


award

He is the youngest person ever to receive the award.

The award is given each year to the best new artist.

(=give someone an award at a formal ceremony)

She cried when she was presented with her award.

(=to be chosen as one of the people, films etc that could receive an award)

Four films have been nominated for the award.

(=to get an award – used especially in news reports)

Angelina Jolie scooped up the award for best actress.

(=that person, film etc is chosen to receive it)

The poetry award went to Lisa Mueller for ‘Alive Together'.

The Victoria Cross is Britain’s highest military award.

The restaurant has won several top awards.

Their design won a major award at a Paris exhibition.

He received a special award for his work as a movie director.

The Nobel Prize is regarded as the most prestigious award in the world.

The book was nominated for a major US literary award.

My parents wanted to be at the awards ceremony.

The stars are gathering for the annual awards ceremony.

The award winners will be announced in December.

The league started a new award scheme for young players.

something such as a prize or money given to someone to reward them for something they have done

something, especially money, that is officially given to someone as a payment or after a legal decision

报酬，薪水；（赔偿）裁定额


award

to officially give someone something such as a prize or money to reward them for something they have done

授予，给予〔奖品或奖金〕；奖励

Moodie has been awarded a golf scholarship at the University of Hawaii.

穆迪获授夏威夷大学高尔夫奖学金。

A Nobel Prize was awarded to Waksman in 1952.

1952年瓦克斯曼获得一项诺贝尔奖。

to officially decide that someone should receive a payment or a formal agreement

The government awarded a German company the contract.

政府将合同给了一家德国公司。

£45,000 was awarded to a typist with an injured hand.

手受伤的打字员获判4.5万英镑。


aware

if you are aware that a situation exists, you realize or know that it exists

意识到的，明白的，知道的

The children are aware of the danger of taking drugs.

Mr Braley has been [made aware](bold) of the need for absolute secrecy.

布雷利先生被告知需要绝对保密。

Were you aware that Joe had this problem with his knee?

你知道乔的膝盖有这种毛病吗？

They were well aware that the company was losing money.

As you are aware, a fee will be charged annually.

正如你所知道的那样，每年都要收取一笔费用。

if you are aware of something, you notice it, especially because you can see, hear, feel, or smell it

She was aware of a tall dark figure watching her.

她发现有个高高的黑影在注视着她。

Bill [became aware](bold) that he was still holding his glass.

比尔意识到自己手里还握着杯子。

understanding a lot about what is happening around you and paying attention to it, especially because you realize possible dangers and problems

狄更斯具有社会意识的小说

We should promote environmentally aware and responsible science.

我们应该推动有环保意识和对环境负责的科学。

used when you are saying something that you think is true, although you might be wrong because you do not know all the facts

As far as I am aware, they are a happily married couple.

就我所知，他们是一对幸福的夫妻。


awareness

knowledge or understanding of a particular subject or situation

Health officials have tried to [raise awareness](bold)(=improve people’s knowledge) about AIDS.

卫生部官员努力提高人们对艾滋病的认识。

the ability to notice something using your senses

an artist’s awareness of light and color

画家对光和色彩的感悟能力


away

[far and away](bold) at → [far](->far) 1 sense 12 [right away](bold) at → [right](->right) 2 sense 2 [straight away](bold) at → [straight](->straight) 1 sense 7

used to say that someone leaves a place or person, or stays some distance from a place or person

Dinah was crying as she drove slowly away.

黛娜一边哭一边慢慢地开车走了。

She turned away and stared out of the window.

Charley blushed and looked away, embarrassed.

查利脸红了，难为情地望向别处。

if someone is away from school, work, or home, they are not there

You must bring a note from your parents if you’ve been away from school.

若缺课必须补交家长的书面说明。

used to say how far it is to a place or thing

日内瓦离这儿大约20英里远。

不远的地方还有一家酒店。

She was sitting ten feet away from the microphone.

她坐在离话筒十英尺远的地方。

The beach is only five minutes away (=it only takes five minutes to get there).

海滩离这里只有5分钟的路。

if an event is two days, three weeks etc away, it will happen after that period of time has passed

used to say how close someone is to achieving something or experiencing something

距离〔实现某事或经历某事〕

At one stage, they were just two points away from victory.

他们一度离获胜只差两分。

放到，放进〔安全或封闭的地方〕

把你的钱收起来，我来付。

Thousands of archaeological treasures are being kept hidden away.

数千件考古珍宝被藏了起来。

used to show that something disappears or is removed

Ruben gave all his money away to charity.

鲁宾把所有的钱都捐给了慈善机构。

Support for the Democrats has dropped away.

民主党的支持率有所下降。

used to emphasize that an action continues

Sue was singing away to herself in the bath.

他们用锤子敲敲打打了一整天。

used to say that someone spends the whole of a period of time doing something

You can dance the night away in one of Benidorm’s many discos.

你可以在贝尼多姆众多迪斯科舞厅中找一家跳上一整夜。

if a team is playing away, it is playing a game at its opponent’s field or sports hall

Liverpool are playing away at Everton on Saturday.

利物浦队星期六将做客埃弗顿。


away

an away game or match is played at your opponent’s field or sports hall


awe

a feeling of great respect and liking for someone or something

凯特满怀崇敬地凝视着塑像。

to admire someone and have great respect for them and sometimes a slight fear of them

All of the neighbours were a little in awe of my mother.

邻居对我母亲都有点敬畏。

The villagers hold them in awe and think of them as gods.

村民敬畏他们，认为他们是神。


awe

if you are awed by someone or something, you feel great respect and liking for them, and are often slightly afraid of them

The girls were awed by the splendour of the cathedral.

女孩们对大教堂的宏伟气势大为惊叹。


awesome

extremely impressive, serious, or difficult so that you feel great respect, worry, or fear

令人赞叹的；令人畏惧的，可怕的


awful

[Awful](bold)  is not used with ‘very’. You say: It was a really awful experience.
Don’t say: [It was a very awful experience.](strike)

→see THESAURUS at [bad](->bad) 1   →see THESAURUS at [horrible](->horrible)

The last six months have been awful for her.

最近六个月对她来说相当难过。

I’ve stopped believing most of what he says. Isn’t that awful?

他说的大部分话我都不再相信了。很糟吧？

I’m sure Suzy is dead but the [awful thing](bold) is not knowing how it happened.

我肯定苏济是死了，但不幸的是不知道她是怎么死的。

used to emphasize how much or how good, bad etc something is

〔用于强调〕非常的；极好的；很糟的

[An awful lot of](bold) people (=a large number of people) died in the war.

很多很多的人在这场战争中死去。

She’s lost a lot of weight and she looks awful.


awful

That kid’s awful cute, with her red curls.

那孩子一头红鬈发，十分可爱。


awkward

[awkwardly](bold) adv. eg: ‘I’m very sorry about your sister,’ he said awkwardly. eg: Vera smiled awkwardly.

[awkwardness](bold) n. <U> eg: He tried to smooth over the awkwardness of the situation.

making you feel embarrassed so that you are not sure what to do or say

→see THESAURUS at [embarrassed](->embarrassed)

I hoped he would stop asking [awkward questions](bold).

我希望他不要再问令人难堪的问题。

There was an awkward moment when she didn’t know whether to shake his hand or kiss his cheek.

她不知道是该跟他握手还是亲他的脸颊，一时很尴尬。

A laugh can help people over an awkward situation.

Philip’s remarks [put](bold) her [in an awkward position](bold)(=made it difficult for her to know what to do).

She liked to dance but felt awkward if someone was watching her.

她喜欢跳舞，但要是有人看着，她就觉得不舒服。

Make sure that the baby is not sleeping in an awkward position.

难办的；难用的，不好操作的；难应付的

→see THESAURUS at [difficult](->difficult)

It’ll be awkward getting cars in and out.

The new financial arrangements were awkward to manage.

A good carpenter can make a cupboard to fit the most awkward space.

就算是再尴尬的空间，好木匠也能做一个合适的橱柜。

She was afraid he was going to ask an awkward question.

她担心他会问出不好回答的问题。

I’m sorry to call at such an awkward time but I won’t keep you a minute.

对不起，我这个电话打得不是时候，不过我不会耽搁你很久的。

an awkward person is deliberately unhelpful

〔人〕难相处的，不好应付的

The staff wanted to go home and they were getting awkward about a meeting starting so late.

员工想要回家，而这么晚才开始开会，他们就很不合作。

an [awkward customer](bold)(=person who is difficult and unhelpful)


axe

a tool with a heavy metal blade on the end of a long handle, used to cut down trees or split pieces of wood

if someone gets the axe, they are dismissed from their job

A hundred workers are facing the axe in a cost-cutting exercise.

在削减成本的行动中，100名工人面临解雇。

if a plan, system, or service gets the axe, someone gets rid of it

MPs know there will be cuts in public spending but do not know on which department the axe will fall.

议员们都知道要削减公共开支，但是不知道从哪个部门开刀。

to have a strong personal opinion about something which is the reason why you do something

别有企图，有个人动机，有私心

I need objective advice from someone with no axe to grind.

我需要公正无私的人给我一些客观的建议。


axe

to suddenly dismiss someone from their job

有计划要解雇2,600名员工。

to get rid of a plan, system, or service, especially in order to save money

〔尤指为省钱〕砍掉；取消；废止

TV’s longest running show is to be axed.

连续播出时间最长的电视节目要取消了。


axis

the imaginary line around which a large round object, such as the Earth, turns

The Earth rotates on an axis between the north and south poles.

地球绕着南北两极之间的地轴自转。

a line drawn across the middle of a regular shape that divides it into two equal parts

〔将规则形状平分为二的〕对称轴，对称中心线

either of the two lines of a graph, by which the positions of points are measured


baby

[throw the baby out with the bathwater](bold) at → [throw](->throw) 1 sense 37

a very young child who has not yet learned to speak or walk

The playground has a special area for toddlers.

a baby, or a small child up to the age of about three

a group of baby animals that are born at the same time to the same mother

Our cat has just had a litter of six kittens.

Let me know as soon as the baby is born.

(=have a baby that dies when it is born too soon)

She was three months pregnant when she lost the baby.

Usually your baby will be delivered by a midwife.

(=leave your baby somewhere because you do not want it)

A disturbing number of babies are abandoned by their mothers.

If your baby cries, she may want feeding.

63% of new mothers breast-feed their babies.

There’s plenty of help and advice for people with newborn babies.

Drinking alcohol is bad for your unborn baby.

Lesley’s baby was three weeks premature.

(=left somewhere by a mother who does not want it)

The abandoned baby was found under a hedge.

The number of illegitimate babies is rising.

Unwanted babies were frequently abandoned in the streets.

She’s just had a lovely healthy baby girl.

We’d like a baby brother or sister for Ben.

她于星期四产下一名婴儿。

What do you think of your new baby sister?

你觉得你刚出生的妹妹怎么样？

a type of vegetable which is grown to be much smaller than usual or is eaten before it has grown to its normal size

幼嫩的蔬菜〔指个头儿偏小或未长成就食用的蔬菜〕

a younger child in a family, often the youngest

克莱尔是家里最小的孩子。

亲爱的〔用于称呼所爱的人〕

放松，亲爱的，我们这是在度假。

used to address a young woman that you do not know

小妞〔用于称呼不认识的年轻女子〕

someone, especially an older child, who is not behaving in a brave way

幼稚的人〔尤指较大的孩子〕；胆怯的人

something special that someone has developed or is responsible for

Don’t ask me about the building contract – that’s Robert’s baby.

不要问我建筑合同的事——那是罗伯特的事情。

something, especially a piece of equipment or a machine, that you care about a lot

宝贝东西〔尤指很喜欢的器材或机器〕

This baby can reach speeds of 130 miles per hour.

这宝贝能开到时速130英里。


baby

[past tense and past participle](italic) [babied](bold) [present participle](italic) [babying](bold) [third person singular](italic) [babies](bold)

to be too kind to someone and look after them as if they were a baby


bachelor

Gerald was 38, and a [confirmed bachelor](bold)(=a man who has decided that he will never marry).

杰拉德38岁，抱定主意独身。

The Crown Prince was Japan’s most [eligible bachelor](bold)(=a rich young man who has not yet married).

a first university degree in an arts subject, a science subject etc

文学士/理学士/教育学士等


back

in, into, or to the place or position where someone or something was before

Rory plugged the cable back into the socket.

We ought to try and get back before it gets dark.

我们应该尽量在天黑之前回去。

He was [back home](bold) by half past eleven.

他是11点半之前到家的。

It’s possible to travel [there and back](bold) in a day.

到那里一天来回是可以的。

You go [back home](bold) : It’s time to go back home.
Don’t say: [go back to home](strike)

in or into the condition or situation you were in before

Gary woke at 4 am and couldn’t get back to sleep.

加里凌晨4点钟醒来后就再也睡不着了。

It took me a long time to get my confidence back.

If you decide to marry him, there will be [no going back](bold)(=you will not be able to get back to your previous situation).

你要是决定嫁给他，就没有回头路可走了。

There’s no way I’m going back to being poor.

我无论如何都不会让自己再过穷日子。

It’ll take a while for things to get back to normal.

要过一阵子才能恢复正常。

in or to a place where you lived or worked before

在以前的地方；回到以前的地方

She was the one who had fired him from his first job back in South Africa.

她就是以前在南非的时候炒他鱿鱼、害他失去第一份工作的人。

[back home](bold)(=in the place that you come from and think of as your home)

这让我想起了以前在老家度过的那些夜晚。

in the opposite direction from the way you are facing

She tilted her head back to look at him.

if you do something back, you do it as a reply or reaction to what someone has said or done

我稍后再给你回电话好吗？

“不用了，谢谢！”他大声地回答。

如果他打你，你就打回去。

if you give something, get something etc back, you return it to the person who first had it, or you have it returned to you

I want all my books back as soon as you’ve finished with them.

你看完书之后马上全部还给我。

Give me back that letter! It’s none of your business!

把那封信还给我！这跟你无关！

以前，从前，过去；追溯至

a pile of newspapers dating back to the 1970s

一堆20世纪70年代的报纸

A lot of emotional problems can be traced back to childhood.

许多情感问题都可以追溯到童年时期。

Looking back on it, I should have known he was unhappy.

现在回想起来，我早该知道他当时并不开心。

At times, I think back to my life in Moscow.

有时候我会回想起我在莫斯科的生活。

这房子始建于1235年。

[three years/two months etc back](bold)(=three years etc ago)

Go back over your work to check for any mistakes.

检查一遍你的作业有没有错误。

Liverpool were back level again two minutes later with a superb goal.

两分钟以后，利物浦队一记精彩的进球将比分再次扳平。

to sit or lie in a comfortable relaxed way

舒舒服服地坐下来，放松，好好欣赏节目吧！

离开〔某个表面、人或物〕

She pulled the bandage back very carefully.

Her hair was brushed back from her face.

The woman nodded and stood back, allowing Patrick to enter.

那女人点点头，退后让帕特里克进去。

going in one direction and then in the opposite direction, and repeating this several times

We travel back and forth all the time between Canada and England.

我们一直是在加拿大和英格兰之间来回跑。

towards the beginning of a book, film, or computer document etc

Turn back to the summaries at the end of section 1.5.

回到前面1.5节最后的总结。

Clicking on the icon will take you back to the previous web page.

点击这个图标可以回到前一网页。


back

[know sth like the back of your hand](bold) at → [know](->know) 1 sense 3 [turn your back on sb/sth](bold) at → [turn](->turn) 1 sense 7

the part of the body between the neck and legs, on the opposite side to the stomach and chest

那只猫拱起背发出嘶嘶的声音。

My feet were sore and my back was aching.

Keep your head up and your back straight.

To avoid back problems, always bend your knees when you lift heavy objects.

为防止背部出现问题，提重物时一定要屈膝。

He lay [on](bold) his [back](bold) and gazed at the ceiling.

他仰面躺着，眼睛盯着天花板。

Johnny was lying [flat on](bold) his [back](bold) in the middle of the floor.

约翰尼正仰面平躺在地板中央。

Anna stood [with](bold) her [back to](bold) the window.

[on sb’s back](bold)(=carried on someone’s back)

The girl appeared again, now with a little baby on her back.

那女孩又来了，这次背着一个小婴孩。

the bones between your neck and the top of your legs

He broke his back in a motorbike accident.

他在一次摩托车事故中摔断了脊梁骨。

the part of something that is furthest from the front

a T-shirt with a picture of a snake [on the back](bold)

他在她后脑勺上亲了一下。

Her window faced the backs of the houses.

她的窗户对着这些房屋的后面。

in the back (of sth) (=used especially about the back of a vehicle)

Two men were sitting in the back of the car.

两名男子坐在汽车的后排。

后面有一间办公室的小商店

[in back (of sth)](bold) AmE(=in or at the back of something)

Kids should always wear seat belts, even in back.

小孩子每次都应该系安全带，即使是坐在后排位置。

[out back](bold) AmE(=behind a house or other building)

[round/out the back](bold) BrE(=behind a house or building)

the less important side or surface of something such as a piece of paper or card

〔纸、纸牌等的〕背面，反面

Paul scribbled his address on the back of an envelope.

保罗把他的地址草草地写在一个信封的背面。

The credits are listed on the back of the album.

制作人员名单列在专辑的背面。

the part of a seat that you lean against when you are sitting

He rested his arm on the back of the sofa.

他把胳膊搭在沙发的靠背上。

The sports pages are usually at the back.

The answers are in the back of the book.

a thought that is at the back of your mind is one you try to ignore because you do not want it to be true

在内心里〔指不希望某个想法是真实的〕

At the back of her mind was the thought that he might be with someone else.

她内心里觉得说不定他是和别的什么人在一起呢。

[put/push sth to the back of your mind](bold)

He tried to push these uncomfortable thoughts to the back of his mind.

他尽量把这些不安的念头抛诸脑后。

Stand back to back and we’ll see who’s tallest.

背靠背站好，我们来看看谁个子最高。

happening immediately one after the other

He performed up to three times a day, often back to back.

他一天要演三场，场与场之间往往没有片刻喘息。

in an incorrect position so that what should be at the back is at the front

You’ve got your sweater on back to front.

doing something the wrong way round and starting with the part that should be at the end

He got the commands back to front and the program didn’t work.

他把指令弄颠倒了，程序没有运行。

if you do something behind someone’s back, you do it without them knowing

I don’t like the idea of the two of them talking about me behind my back.

我不喜欢他们俩在背后议论我。

I should have realized that he’d [go behind](bold) my [back](bold)(=do something without telling me).

我早该想到，他会背着我去干的。

if something happens when your back is turned, it happens when you are not able to see or know what someone is doing

在某人转身的时候〔指在看不见或不知道的时候〕

What are your kids up to when your back is turned?

你的孩子在你不知道的时候会搞些什么鬼？

使某人生气，使某人反感，惹怒某人

Simone was the kind of person who was always putting people’s backs up.

西蒙娜是那种老是惹人生气的人。

to stop annoying someone with a lot of questions, criticisms etc, or to make someone stop annoying you in this way

Maybe the only way to get him off my back is to tell him the truth.

也许，要他不来烦我，唯一的办法就是告诉他实话。

Do me a favour and [get off my back](bold)!

to be trying to make someone do something they do not want to do

你和爸爸为什么总是要逼着我干这干那？

as a result of something that already exists or something you have already done

基于某事物〔指已存在的某物或已做成的某事〕

The company should be able to generate business on the back of existing contracts.

依靠现有的这些合同，公司应该能开展业务。

using the work of a particular group to achieve something that they will not get any advantage from

依靠某人〔指依靠从中得不到好处的某一群体〕

Economic prosperity was won on the backs of the urban poor.

经济繁荣靠的是城市里的贫民。

a place that is a long way from other places and is difficult to get to

It’s a nice little cottage but it really is in the back of beyond.

这小木屋不错，不过地方实在偏远。

to be lying on your back – used to emphasize that someone seems unlikely to get up soon

（直直地）仰卧〔用于强调某人一下子起不来〕

He was drunk and flat on his back on the street.

他喝醉了，直挺挺地仰卧在街头。

to be so ill that you cannot get out of bed

Their best player was flat on his back in hospital.

他们的最佳球员在医院里卧病不起。

if a business, country,economy etc is on its back, it is not successful

〔生意、国家、经济等〕不景气，萧条

If we really put our backs into it, we could finish today.

如果我们铆足劲儿，今天能干完。

be glad/delighted/pleased etc to see the back of sb/sth

to be happy that someone is leaving or because you no longer have to deal with something

很高兴看到某人离开/某事结束

No, I’m not too upset that he left – in fact, I was glad to see the back of him.

才不呢，他走了我并不太难过——其实我很高兴他走了。

I [can’t wait to see the back of](bold) this project, I can tell you (=I will be happy when it ends).

说实话，我巴不得这个项目早点儿结束。

to be in a difficult situation with no choice about what to do

陷入绝境，被逼得走投无路

They had the wind at their backs as they set off.

Caesar marched into Rome with an army at his back.

恺撒在军队的支持下长驱直入罗马。

if someone achieves something on their back, they achieve it by having sex with someone

在床上搞定〔指通过与别人发生性关系而达到目的〕

高背的/直背的/矮背的等


back

back away
back down
back off
back onto
back out
back up

→see THESAURUS at [support](->support) 1

[Back](bold)  is usually passive in this meaning.

to support someone or something, especially by giving them money or using your influence

The scheme has been backed by several major companies in the region.

这个计划得到了该地区几家大公司的支持。

Some suspected that the rebellion was backed and financed by the US.

有人怀疑那次叛乱有美国在背后支持并提供资金。

to support an idea by providing facts, proof etc

His claims are not backed by any scientific evidence.

他的说法没有任何科学依据。

to move backwards, or make someone or something move backwards

She backed into a doorway to let the crowds pass by.

He began to back her towards the open door.

他开始逼着她朝开着的门退去。

to put a material or substance onto the back of something, in order to protect it or make it stronger

The photograph is backed with cardboard.

to be at the back of something or behind it

The Jandia Peninsula is a stretch of white sands backed by a mountain range.

汉迪亚半岛是一片依傍山脉的白色沙滩。

to play or sing the music that supports the main singer or musician

They performed all their hits, backed by a 40-piece orchestra.

他们在一支40人乐队的伴奏下，演唱了他们所有的热门歌曲。

to risk money on whether a particular horse, dog, team etc wins something

to support someone or something that is not successful


back

There was the sound of giggling from the back row.

The rabbit had one of its back legs caught in a trap.

兔子有一条后腿被夹子夹住了。

The back view of the hotel was even less appealing than the front.

这家旅馆从后面看比前面还要难看。

a street etc that is away from the main streets

偏僻的街道/小巷/马路等

money that someone owes from an earlier date

拖欠的租金/税款/薪水等

a copy of a magazine or newspaper from an earlier date

a back vowel sound is made by lifting your tongue at the back of your mouth


backbone

the row of connected bones that go down the middle of your back

the most important part of an organization or group of people

某事物的骨干[主力，中坚]

Farmers are the backbone of this community.

农场主是这个团体的中坚力量。

Stuart doesn’t have the backbone to be a good manager.

斯图尔特不具备一个优秀管理人员应有的坚毅。


backfire

if a plan or action backfires, it has the opposite effect to the one you intended

〔计划或行动〕发生意外，产生事与愿违的结果

The company’s new policy backfired when a number of employees threatened to quit.

公司的新政策事与愿违，有好几名员工威胁说要辞职。

if a car backfires, it makes a sudden loud noise because the engine is not working correctly

〔汽车发动机〕逆火，回火


background

Many kids lack a stable family background.

Universities aim to attract students from varied social backgrounds.

Some of his attitudes were due to his cultural background.

We do not discriminate against people because of their ethnic background or gender.

Class background is an important factor in the level of schooling achieved.

Smokers often come from poorer socio-economic backgrounds.

The interviewer will ask you about your educational background and work experience.

Postgraduate students come from a wide range of academic backgrounds.

Managers can come from a wide range of professional backgrounds.

I came from a very poor working-class background.

The school has a high percentage of pupils from disadvantaged backgrounds.

His poor background prevented him from going to medical college.

All the top jobs were taken by people from privileged backgrounds.

We are looking for someone who has a background in science.

Mark and I came from very similar backgrounds.

People from a wide range of backgrounds go to watch football.

someone’s family, education, previous work etc

Students with a background in chemistry will probably find the course easier.

学过化学的学生可能会觉得这门课程容易些。

It’s important to understand other people, people [from different backgrounds](bold).

要理解别人，理解那些来自不同背景的人，这很重要。

Do you know anything about his background?

关于他的背景，你知道什么吗？

the situation or past events that explain why something happens in the way that it does

Without knowing the background to the case, I couldn’t possibly comment.

这案件我不了解背景情况，所以无法评论。

The peace talks are being held against a background of increasing violence.

这次和平谈判正在暴力冲突愈演愈烈的背景下进行。

The author included a new chapter of background material for the second edition of the book.

作者为本书第二版新加了一章背景材料。

the area that is behind the main thing that you are looking at, especially in a picture

〔尤指图片上主要事物的〕背景，后景

In the background, you can see my college friends.

在背景中可以看到我的几个大学朋友。

the pattern or colour on top of which something has been drawn, printed etc

〔图画、文字等的〕底子，底色

someone who keeps or stays in the background tries not to be noticed

The president’s advisors are content to remain in the background.

the sounds that you can hear apart from the main thing that you are listening to

In the background, I could hear the sound of traffic.

我听到背景中有车辆来往的声音。

All of the [background noise](bold) made it difficult to have a phone conversation.

背景杂音很大，电话交谈很困难。


backing

[backing](bold) adj. eg: backing singers

She flew to New York to try to raise some [financial backing](bold) for the project.

她飞到纽约设法为这个计划募集一些资助。

material that is used to make the back of an object

the music that is played at the same time as a singer’s voice


backslash

a line (\) used in writing to separate words, numbers, or letters


backup

something that you can use to replace something that does not work or is lost

什么时候都要有一个备用计划。

a copy of a computer document, program etc, which is made in case the original becomes lost or damaged

〔电脑文件、程序等的〕备份

Make a backup of any work you do on the computer.

你在电脑上做的任何工作都要备份。

people or things that can be used to provide support and help if they are needed

Army units can only operate if they have sufficient backup.

部队要有足够的后备供给才能作战。

someone who will play in a sports team if one of the other players is injured or ill


backward

looking or facing in the direction that is behind you

developing slowly and less successfully than most others


backwards

AmE also: [backward](bold) /-wəd
        -wərd/  [adv](bold)

She pushed me and I fell backwards into the chair.

她推了我一下，我便往后倒在椅子上。

倒退地，退步地，每况愈下地

The new measures are seen by some as a major step backwards.

新举措在有些人看来是一个很大的倒退。

first in one direction and then in the opposite direction, usually many times

Kip stumbled backwards and forwards before falling down.

基普前后踉跄了几步，摔倒了。

to try as hard as possible to help or please someone

〔指为了帮助或取悦某人〕拼命（做某事），竭尽全力（做某事）

City officials bent over backwards to help downtown businesses.

市政官员竭力帮助闹市区的商家。

to know something very well or perfectly

对某事了如指掌，熟知某事

She practiced her part until she knew it backwards and forwards.

她反复练习她的部分，直到非常熟练。


bacon

[save sb’s bacon](bold) at → [save](->save) 1 sense 11

salted or smoked meat from the back or sides of a pig, often served in narrow thin pieces

[rasher of bacon](bold) BrE(=piece of bacon)

to provide enough money to support your family


bacteria

[bacterial](bold) adj. eg: a bacterial infection

[n](bold) <[plural](bold)> singular: bacterium /-riəm/

very small living things, some of which cause illness or disease


bad

not good – often used instead of saying directly that something was ‘bad’, especially when you were disappointed by it

bad – used when talking about the bad result or effect of something

All the publicity had a negative impact on sales.

The policy had some undesirable consequences.

drug abuse and other undesirable behaviour

unfavourable conditions are not good for doing something

The boat race was cancelled because of unfavourable weather.

very bad, especially in a way that shocks or upsets you

He describes prison as ‘a horrible place’.

severe problems, injuries, illnesses etc are very bad and serious

The country faces severe economic problems.

He suffered severe head injuries in a car crash.

Her behaviour has been absolutely atrocious.

The country has an appalling human rights record.

[comparative](italic) [worse](bold) /wɜːs/ US /wɜːrs/ [superlative](italic) [worst](bold) /wɜːst/ US /wɜːrst/

I thought things couldn’t possibly get any worse.

我想事情最坏也不过如此了。

The plane was delayed for several hours by bad weather.

天气不好，飞机延误了好几个小时。

low in quality or below an acceptable standard

The failure of the company was due to bad management.

公司倒闭是因为管理不善。

Your handwriting is so bad I can hardly read it.

你写的字太差，我几乎看不懂。

That was the worst movie I’ve ever seen.

那是我看过的最差劲的一部电影。

not sensible, or not suitable in a particular situation

不好的，不明智的，不合适的

Cutting spending at this time is a bad idea.

这个时候削减开支并不明智。

Making big changes in your diet all at once is a [bad thing to do](bold).

饮食习惯突然大变是不好的。

〔道德品质〕坏的，不好的

他是个坏人，离他远一点。

doing something you should not do, or behaving in a wrong way – used especially about children or pets

〔尤指儿童或宠物〕顽皮的，表现差的，表现不好的

坏猫咪！下去，别待在桌子上！

他遭遇了一场严重的事故。

The pain in my side is worse than it was yesterday.

我身体一侧的疼痛比昨天厉害了。

a time that is not suitable or causes problems

It’s a bad time to have to borrow money, with interest rates so high.

现在借款真不是时候，利率这么高。

You’ve come at the worst possible moment. I have a meeting in five minutes.

你来得真不是时候，我五分钟后有个会议。

Pollution is having a bad effect on fish stocks.

Too much salt can be [bad for you](bold).

摄入太多的盐对身体不好。

[It is bad](bold) for kids to be on their own so much.

food that is bad is not safe to eat because it has decayed

having no skill or ability in a particular activity

They have got to be the worst band on the planet.

他们一定是天底下最糟糕的乐队。

a heart, leg etc that is injured or does not work correctly

I haven’t been able to do much because of my bad back.

我因为背不好一直不能干太多的活。

We were shocked to hear the little boy using bad language in front of his mother.

我们听见那小男孩在他母亲面前说粗话，感到非常震惊。

to feel ashamed or sorry about something

I felt bad about not being able to come last night.

我昨天晚上没能来，心里很愧疚。

I feel bad for Ann – she studied so hard for that test and she still didn’t pass.

我为安感到遗憾——为准备那次测验她已经很用功了，可还是没有通过。

used to say that something is good, or better than you expected

“你好吗？”“哦，还不错。”

used to say that something is not as bad as expected

used to say that you do not care that something bad happens to someone

算你倒霉〔表示并不关心某人碰到了不好的事情〕

‘I’m going to be late now!’ ‘Too bad – you should have gotten up earlier.’

“我要迟到了！”“活该，你应该早点儿起床的。”

used to say that you are sorry that something bad has happened to someone

It’s too bad that you couldn’t come to the party last night.

你昨晚没能来参加聚会，真遗憾。

to become even more unpleasant or difficult

The schools have gone from bad to worse in this area.

这个地区的学校越来越差了。

to be very ill, unhappy, or injured, or not in a good condition

病情严重；不高兴；受伤；处于困境

if something has a bad name, people do not respect or trust it

The bar had a bad name and was avoided by all the locals.

这个酒吧名声不好，当地人都不愿意去。

These annoying tourists give all Americans a bad name.

这些讨厌的游客给所有的美国人脸上抹黑。

someone who is morally bad or cannot be trusted

someone or something that causes trouble and is difficult to avoid

讨厌又避不开的人[事物]

Sure enough, Steve [turned up like](bold) the proverbial [bad penny](bold)(=suddenly appeared).

史蒂夫果然来了，真是冤家路窄。

He was taken bad in the middle of the night.

if someone does something in bad faith, they are behaving dishonestly and have no intention of keeping a promise

In order to sue, you have to prove that the company was [acting in bad faith](bold).

要提起诉讼，你必须证明这家公司有不诚信行为。

someone or something that always causes trouble

I’d avoid her if I were you. She’s bad news.

要是我就躲着她，她总是给人惹麻烦。

跟裁判员争辩是一种无礼的行为。

There’s too much bad blood between them.

not have a bad word to say about/against sb

if no one has a bad word to say about a particular person, everyone likes and respects that person

没有人说某人一句不好，某人口碑很好

used to say that you already have one problem, so that you do not want to worry about or deal with another one

It’s bad enough having to bring up three kids on your own, without having to worry about money as well!

就算不需要担心钱的问题，单是一个人抚养三个孩子也是够你受的！

used to persuade someone that something is good or worth doing

You only pay £10 deposit and no interest – that can’t be bad, can it?

你只要付十英镑的保证金，又不用付利息，那可真不错，对吧？

used when you think something is very good

非常好的，很棒的，顶呱呱的

someone who is bad is very determined and does not always obey rules – used to show approval

倔强的，坚决的〔含褒义〕


bad

if you are a particular amount to the bad, you are that much poorer or you owe that much

Thanks to your mistake, I’m £500 to the bad!

由于你的失误，我损失了500英镑！

used to say that you have made a mistake or that something is your fault

to begin living in a wrong or immoral way


bad

a word used to mean ‘badly’ that many people think is incorrect

很，非常〔很多人认为此用法是错的〕


badge

a small piece of metal, cloth, or plastic with a picture or words on it, worn to show rank, membership of a group, support for a political idea etc

〔戴在身上显示职衔、会员身份、政治倾向等的〕徽章，标记

We were each handed a badge with our name on it.

我们每个人都拿到一个徽章，上面有我们的名字。

a small piece of metal or plastic that you carry to show people that you work for a particular organization, for example that you are a police officer

〔随身携带显示所属机构的〕徽章，证章，徽牌

something that shows that you have a particular quality

He now sees his wartime injuries as a badge of honor.

现在，他把自己在战争中受的伤看成是一种光荣标记。

a small piece of cloth with a picture on it, given to scouts,guides etc to show what skills they have learned

〔发给童子军等表示学会某些技能的〕布制徽章

Steve won a photography badge in the Boy Scouts.

史蒂夫在童子军里获得了一枚摄影奖章。

an object which shows that you have an official position

Mayors wear chains around their necks as badges of office.

市长在脖子上佩戴象征职位的链徽。

an icon that provides a link to another web page, for example to your page on a social networking site

徽章〔链接至其他网页的图标〕


badly

Both cars were badly damaged in the accident.

Albania was badly affected by industrial unrest.

Businesses have been badly hit by the economic slowdown.

Both boys were badly shaken by the incident.

(=feel very sad because you are not with someone you love)

The town suffered badly during the last war.

He felt badly in need of a cup of coffee.

Their election campaign had gone badly wrong.

in an unsatisfactory or unsuccessful way

The company has been very badly managed.

The novel was translated badly into English.

这部小说被拙劣地翻成了英语。

Rob [did](bold) very [badly](bold) in the History exam.

大大地，非常；严重地，厉害地

He’s been limping badly ever since the skiing accident.

那次滑雪出意外之后，他的腿跛得很厉害。

We badly wanted to help, but there was nothing we could do.

我们很想帮忙，可又无计可施。

He was beaten so badly that his brother didn’t recognize him.

他被打得连他哥哥都认不出他了。

The school [is badly in need of](bold)(=very much needs) some new computers.

Things started to [go badly wrong](bold)(=go wrong in a serious way) for Eric after he lost his job.

埃里克失去工作以后，一切都很不如意。

to have a bad opinion of someone or something

对某人/某事有负面的看法[意见]

I’m sure they won’t think badly of you if you tell them you need some help.

我肯定，你要是跟他们说需要帮忙，他们不会对你有什么不好的看法。


bad-tempered

becoming easily annoyed and talking in an angry unfriendly way to people

Her husband was a disagreeable, bad-tempered man.

I was wondering why she had been so bad-tempered recently.

often becoming annoyed or unhappy, especially when there seems to be no good reason

easily annoyed about small things, especially because you are tired, upset, or worried

I hadn’t had much sleep and was feeling tired and irritable.

Since Steve quit smoking, he’s been really irritable.

You’re turning into an irritable old man.

easily annoyed and often complaining about things – used especially when talking about people you know well. These words sound much gentler and less critical than [bad-tempered](bold)

to be feeling annoyed or unhappy, so that you do not speak in a normal friendly way to people – used especially when this only lasts for a fairly short period of time and is not part of someone’s usual character

Leave him alone – he’s in a bad mood today.

By the time I got home at 9 o'clock, I was in a really bad mood.

to be likely to become angry very suddenly, especially in an unreasonable way

Be careful what you say to the Colonel - he’s got a very short fuse.

bad-tempered and complaining or quarrelling a lot – used especially about old people

The hotel owner was a cantankerous old man.

In later years, she became quite cantankerous.

someone who is bad-tempered becomes easily annoyed and talks in an angry way to people


baffle

[baffled](bold) adj. eg: We were all utterly baffled.

[baffling](bold) adj. eg: a baffling mystery

if something baffles you, you cannot understand or explain it at all

这个问题把我彻底难倒了。


baffle

a board, sheet of metal etc that controls the flow of air, water, or sound into or out of something

〔控制空气、水流或声音进出的〕隔板；折流板；隔音板


bag

→ [sleeping bag](->sleeping bag) → [airbag](->airbag) → [duffel bag](->duffel bag) → [tote bag](->tote bag) → [beanbag](->beanbag) → [punchbag](->punchbag) → [sandbag](->sandbag) 1 → [teabag](->teabag) [let the cat out of the bag](bold) at → [cat](->cat) sense 2 [be left holding the bag](bold) at → [hold](->hold) 1 sense 26 [a mixed bag](bold) at → [mixed](->mixed) sense 6

Store the beans in a paper bag in the fridge.

(=for carrying shopping, usually made of plastic)

The supermarket no longer gives free carrier bags.

She loaded her shopping bags into the back of the car.

I noticed that the man was wearing trainers and carrying a sports bag.

(=one that is carried over your shoulder)

Big shoulder bags are fashionable this year.

(=a small woman's bag that you hold in one hand)

For the evening all you need is a little clutch bag.

(=a small bag that a woman takes out with her in the evening)

She put her lipstick in a black velvet evening bag.

(=a small suitcase or bag for a short stay somewhere)

All you need to take is an overnight bag.

(=a suitcase or bag taken with you when you travel)

Your travel bag must not weigh more than 20 kilos.

(=for carrying your soap, toothpaste, shampoo etc)

I left my sponge bag in the hotel bathroom.

Use the black bin bags provided by the council.

Lisa was carrying the bag containing the beach towels.

I don't think that bag will hold all those books..

I've emptied my bags and I still can't find it.

(=put things in it preparing to go somewhere)

Mum packed a bag for a day at the beach.

She unpacked her bags and put her clothes away.

a container made of paper, cloth, or thin plastic, that usually opens at the top

不要把手提包留在汽车里。

a large bag that you use to carry your clothes etc when you are travelling

Just throw your bags in the back of the car.

把你的行李扔在车后部好了。

老东西，老太婆〔侮辱性用语〕

No need to rush – we’ve got bags of time.

不用急，我们还有很多时间。

to leave a place where you have been living, usually after an argument

〔通常在争吵之后〕收拾行李离开

我们叫她立刻收拾东西走人。

dark circles or loose skin under your eyes, usually because of old age or being tired

瘦骨嶙峋的人[动物]，皮包骨

囊中之物；十拿九稳，稳操胜券

The governor’s advisors believe the election is in the bag.

州长的顾问认为这次选举已经胜券在握。

something that someone is not very interested in or not very good at

Thanks, but dancing is not really my bag.

谢谢，可跳舞我实在不行。

They threw her out of the house, bag and baggage.

他们把她赶出了房子，东西也扔了出去。

the number of birds or animals that someone kills when they go hunting

〔一次打猎所获的〕捕猎物


bag

[past tense and past participle](italic) [bagged](bold) [present participle](italic) [bagging](bold)

把〔东西〕装进袋[包]里

他找到一份工作，负责把杂货装袋。

to manage to get something that a lot of people want

Try to bag a couple of seats at the front.

想办法抢几个前面的座位。

Larsson bagged his thirtieth goal of the season in Celtic’s win.

拉尔森在凯尔特人队获胜的那场比赛中射入他本赛季第30粒进球。

if prisoners are bagged and zip-tied, bags are put over their heads and their hands are tied together

〔囚犯〕头上套袋双手被绑


baggage

(=a bag you are allowed to carry with you onto a plane)

You are only allowed one item of hand baggage on the plane.

(=baggage that weighs more than you are allowed to take on a plane)

Passengers will be charged for excess baggage.

(=baggage that you check in rather than carry onto the plane yourself)

You can claim for loss or damage to checked baggage.

(=the amount of baggage you are allowed to take on a plane)

(=the place where you collect your baggage after a flight)

We waited for almost an hour in baggage reclaim.

(=one of the people who put baggage on and off planes)

A strike by baggage handlers caused major flight delays.

Wait here while I go and get a baggage trolley.

the cases, bags, boxes etc carried by someone who is travelling

In everyday English, people usually say [bags](bold)  rather than [baggage](bold) :

Shall I help you take your [bags](bold) upstairs?

[Baggage](bold)  is an uncountable noun and is not used in the plural. You say: We can put our baggage in the locker.
Don’t say: [We can put our baggages in the locker.](strike)

[Baggage](bold)  is always followed by a singular verb: What happens if my baggage [gets](bold) lost?

When talking about one suitcase or bag, you say a [piece of baggage](bold)  or an [item of baggage](bold) : Each piece of baggage can weigh up to 20 kilos.

the beliefs, opinions, and experiences that someone has, which make them think in a particular way, especially in a way that makes it difficult to have good relationships

先入之见，条条框框，固有看法

Each employee brings his or her own psychological baggage to the workplace.

每个职员都会把自己固有的思维模式带入工作当中。


bail

(=be allowed to stay out of prison if you pay or agree to do something)

The men were questioned yesterday before being released on bail.

Magistrates adjourned the case until June 9 and Smith was granted bail.

Relatively few defendants are refused bail.

He was being held without bail pending another hearing.

(=say how much someone must pay to be allowed to stay out of prison)

Judge Philip Moscone set bail at $2 million.

(=pay an amount of money to be allowed to stay out of prison)

He had to post bail of US$100,000 before he could fly home to Canada.

(=not return for your trial as you promised)

He jumped bail and fled the country three days before he was to be sentenced.

(=when the police free someone before deciding whether to charge them with a crime)

(=when there are conditions/no conditions attached to someone being allowed to go free)

Both men were given unconditional bail and they left court without comment.

money left with a court of law to make sure that a prisoner will return when their trial starts

Carpenter is free [on bail](bold) while he appeals his conviction.

卡彭特取保获释，同时对判决提出上诉。

She was murdered by a man who was [out on bail](bold) for rape.

她被一名犯强奸罪获保在外的男子杀害。

The three men were [released on bail](bold) pending an appeal.

这三名男子获准保释等候上诉。

He is not likely to be [granted bail](bold).

Carter has been [refused bail](bold) and will remain in custody.

卡特已经被拒绝保释，继续羁押。

The judge ordered that Jones be [held without bail](bold).

Why can’t you ask your father to [put up bail](bold) for you?

为什么不让你父亲帮你交保释金？

Two of the defendants [jumped bail](bold) and fled to New York.

两名被告弃保潜逃到了纽约。

[Bail](bold) was [set](bold) at $30,000.

one of the two small pieces of wood laid on top of the stumps in a game of cricket

〔板球〕桩门[三柱门]横木


bail

(also: bail out ([AmE,](bold)) bale out ([BrE](bold)) )

to escape from a situation that you do not want to be in anymore

After ten years in the business, McArthur is baling out.

做了十年的生意，麦克阿瑟现在不想干了。

if someone is bailed, they are let out of prison to wait for their trial after they have left a sum of money with the court

Dakers was [bailed to appear](bold) at Durham Crown Court.

戴克斯取保候审，将在达勒姆刑事法庭出庭。

[Bail](bold)  is usually passive in this meaning.


bait

food used to attract fish, animals, or birds so that you can catch them

The fish wouldn’t [take the bait](bold).

something attractive that is offered to someone to make them do something or buy something, especially when this is done in a dishonest way that tricks people

〔使别人上当的〕引诱物，诱饵

Plenty of people [took the bait](bold)(=accepted what was on offer) and lost their life savings.

有很多人受骗上当，一生的积蓄都没了。

to become angry when someone is deliberately trying to make you angry

Senator O'Brien just smiled, refusing to rise to the bait.

奥布赖恩参议员只是笑了笑，没有中计发火。


bait

to put bait on a hook to catch fish or in a trap to catch animals

在〔鱼钩或捕兽器〕上装饵

to deliberately try to make someone angry by criticizing them, using rude names etc

the activity of attacking a wild animal with dogs


bake

→ [baking](->baking) 1 → [half-baked](->half-baked)

[Bake](bold)  belongs to a group of verbs where the same noun can be the subject of the verb or its object.

You can say: Bake the cake for 40 minutes.  In this sentence, ‘the cake’ is the object of [bake](bold) .

You can also say: The cake should bake for 40 minutes.  In this sentence, ‘the cake’ is the subject of [bake](bold) .

to cook something using dry heat, in an oven

用250度的温度烤20分钟。

to make something become hard by heating it


baker

someone who bakes bread and cakes, especially in order to sell them in a shop

a shop that makes and sells bread and cakes


bakery

also: [baker’s](bold) /ˈbeɪkəz
        -ərz/ ([BrE](bold))  [n](bold) <[C](bold)>

a place where bread and cakes are baked, or a shop where they are sold

面包[糕饼]烘房；面包[糕饼]店


balance

[checks and balances](bold) at → [check](->check) 2 sense 4

The sea was so rough that it was hard to keep your balance.

She nearly lost her balance as the bus suddenly moved forward.

He held onto Carrie until he regained his balance.

The blow was hard enough to knock him off balance.

A good sense of balance is always useful when you are sailing.

It is necessary to strike a balance between the needs of employers and employees.

Find the right balance between enough exercise and enough rest.

Try to keep a balance between your spending and your earnings.

A firm must strive to maintain a balance between business and financial risk.

The move could upset the delicate balance of power in the Middle East.

Will this alter the balance of power in the EU?

His appointment shifted the government’s balance decisively to the right.

What can be done to redress the balance in favour of women?

You should eat a good balance of carbohydrates and protein.

Are you eating a healthy balance of foods?

Teachers need to strike a fine balance of flexibility and control.

Too much carbon dioxide in the atmosphere upsets the delicate balance of gases.

With sport, you have to find the right balance between competition and fun.

Chemicals will upset the natural balance of the pond.

Human activity is ruining the ecological balance of our planet.

By this time, the political balance in the Cabinet had altered.

Nothing can justify permanent damage to the balance of nature.

a state in which all your weight is evenly spread so that you do not fall

我失去平衡，脸着地摔倒了。

a state in which opposite forces or influences exist in equal or the correct amounts, in a way that is good

Try to keep a balance between work and play.

尽量保持工作和娱乐的平衡。

Pesticides seriously upset the balance of nature.

农药严重破坏了自然界的平衡。

if you think something on balance, you think it after considering all the facts

全面考虑之后，权衡利弊，总的说来

I think on balance I prefer the old system.

总的说来，我更喜欢旧的体系。

to surprise someone and make them confused and no longer calm

使某人乱了方寸，使某人慌了手脚

the amount of money that you have in your bank account

我的银行账户里余额不多了。

the balance of a debt is the amount of money that you still owe after you have paid some of it

The balance is due at the end of the month.

the amount of something that remains after some has been used, spent, mentioned etc

The firm owns about 96% of the portfolio, with the balance belonging to our family.

资产组合中，公司拥有96%左右的股份，剩余部分为我们家族所有。

if the future or success of something hangs in the balance, you cannot yet know whether the result will be bad or good

〔前景或结果〕悬而未决，尚未明朗

Meanwhile, the fate of the refugees continues to hang in the balance.

与此同时，难民的命运仍然悬而未决。

影响某事的结果，使结果倾向某方

The dignity and courage shown by the president may [tip the balance in](bold) his party’s [favour](bold).

总统所表现出来的尊严和勇气可能会为他的政党加分。

an instrument for weighing things, with two dishes that hang from a bar

when someone’s mind is healthy and their emotional state is normal

The death of her friend had disturbed the [balance of](bold) her [mind](bold).

the most likely answer or result produced by opposing information, reasons etc

权衡各种证据/可能性等后得出的结论


balance

to be in or get into a steady position, without falling to one side or the other, or to put something into this position

（使）平稳，（使）保持平衡

She was balancing a plate of food on her knees.

她把一盘食物稳稳地放在膝上。

He turned around, balancing awkwardly on one foot.

他转过身去，笨拙地单腿站立着。

to be equal in importance, amount, value, or effect to something that has the opposite effect

（使）〔重要性、数量、价值或影响〕均衡，相抵，相等

Job losses in manufacturing were balanced by job increases in the service sector.

制造业岗位减少了，而服务行业就业机会却增加了，正好相抵。

just enough sugar to balance the acidity of the fruit

正好可中和水果酸味的适量的糖

to consider the importance of one thing in relation to something else when you are making a decision

The courts must balance our liberty against the security of the nation.

法庭必须在我们的自由和国家安全之间作出权衡。

if a government balances the budget, they make the amount of money that they spend equal to the amount of money available

〔政府〕平衡预算，使收支平衡

to show that the amount of money a business has received is equal to the amount spent


balanced

giving equal attention to all sides or opinions

关于所发生之事的客观描述

[balanced reporting](bold) of the election campaign

arranged to include things or people of different kinds in the right amounts

the importance of [a balanced diet](bold)(=one that is healthy because it contains the right foods in the right amounts)

[finely/delicately balanced](bold)(=very carefully balanced)

someone who is balanced is calm and sensible, and has good mental health

when a government is not spending more money than it has available


balcony

a structure that you can stand on, that is attached to the outside wall of a building, above ground level


bald

Dad started [going bald](bold) when he was in his thirties.

爸爸在三十多岁的时候开始谢顶。

He combed his hair and tried to hide his [bald patch](bold)(=part of someone’s head where there is no hair).

他梳了梳头，试图把头顶的秃块遮掩起来。

not having enough of what usually covers something

这辆汽车的轮胎已经彻底磨平了。

a statement etc that is correct but gives no additional information to help you understand or accept what is said

不加修饰[干巴巴，直截了当]的声明/事实/道理

The bald truth was that Lori didn’t love her husband anymore.

事实很简单，洛丽不再爱她的丈夫了。


ball

→ [cannonball](->cannonball) → [crystal ball](->crystal ball) → [wrecking ball](->wrecking ball) [play ball](bold) at → [play](->play) 1 sense 7

He’s useless at sport; he can’t even catch a ball.

He swung the bat back and hit the ball hard.

He was in the yard bouncing a ball against the wall.

I was trying hard but I kept missing the ball.

The ball flew over the goalkeeper’s head and into the net.

In tennis, the ball must only bounce once.

(=hits something and moves back and away from it again)

The ball hit the goalpost and rebounded.

He was bouncing around like a ping-pong ball.

Practising ball skills helps a child’s coordination.

a round object that is thrown, kicked, or hit in a game or sport

Weiskopf hit the ball 330 yards and a cheer went up.

something formed or rolled into a round shape

any game or sport played with a ball, especially baseball or basketball

球类运动〔尤指棒球或篮球〕

D'you want to go out and [play ball](bold)?

the rounded part of the foot at the base of the toes, or the rounded part of the hand at the base of the thumb

able to think or act quickly and intelligently

To start the ball rolling, the government was asked to contribute £1 million.

政府被要求出资100万英镑作为启动经费。

it is their turn to take action or to reply

现在轮到某人〔采取行动或回答〕

I’ve emailed him – now the ball’s in his court.

我给他发过邮件了——现在要看他的了。

a large formal occasion at which people dance

a ball that is thrown, hit, or kicked fast etc in a game or sport

a ball that is thrown too high, low etc towards someone trying to hit it, in the game of cricket or rounders

〔板球或圆场棒球的〕坏球

a ball that the hitter does not try to hit, because it is not within the correct area

someone who has a lot of energy and enthusiasm

精力充沛的人，生龙活虎的人

keep several/too many etc balls in the air

to struggle to deal with more than one problem or job at the same time

同时应付许多问题[工作]

The company just won’t be able to keep that many balls in the air.

同时出现那么多的问题，公司根本招架不住。

(also: [take your eye off the ball](bold) )

to make a mistake when dealing with something because you stop thinking carefully or paying attention

a problem that is very difficult to deal with

an offensive word for a woman who uses her authority over men

泼妇，悍妇〔冒犯用语，指对男人发号施令的女人〕


ball

to make something form a small round shape


ballad

a short story in the form of a poem or song


ballet

a performance in which dancing and music tell a story without any speaking

We’re going to the ballet tomorrow evening.

我们明天晚上要去看芭蕾舞演出。

a group of ballet dancers who work together

（莫斯科）大剧院芭蕾舞团


balloon

[go down like a lead balloon](bold) at → [lead](->lead) 3 sense 3

an object made of brightly coloured thin rubber, that is filled with air and used as a toy or decoration for parties

Can you help me [blow up](bold) these balloons?

你帮我把这些气球吹起来好吗？

He [burst](bold) the [balloon](bold) in my face.

他对着我的脸弄爆了气球。

a large bag of strong light cloth filled with gas or heated air so that it can float in the air. It has a basket hanging below it for people to stand in

a [balloon flight](bold) over the Yorkshire Moors

飞越约克郡沼泽区的热气球航行

the circle drawn around the words spoken by the characters in a cartoon

〔卡通漫画中表示人物对白的〕气球状对话框，对白圆圈

money borrowed that must be paid back in one large sum after several smaller payments have been made

〔分期付款中〕最后一笔数目特大的还款

a $10,000 balloon payment due in two years

两年后到期的最后一笔一万美元付款额

used to refer to the moment when a situation starts to become really bad

We’ll have to get out of there before the balloon goes up.

我们得趁事情还没闹大的时候赶快脱身。


balloon

also: [balloon out](bold)  [v](bold) <[I](bold)>

The company’s debt has ballooned in the past year.

在过去一年里，公司的债务激增。

if someone balloons, they suddenly become fat

保罗婚后吹气球似的胖了起来。

The sheet flapped and ballooned in the wind.

被单在风中飘动，被吹得鼓鼓的。


ballot

a system of voting, usually in secret, or an occasion when you vote in this way

→see THESAURUS at [election](->election)

The party leader is elected by [secret ballot](bold).

政党领袖是通过无记名投票选举产生的。

Workers at the plant [held a ballot](bold) and rejected strike action.

工厂工人举行投票，否决了罢工行动。

a piece of paper on which you make a secret vote

〔无记名〕投票用纸，选票

Only 22% of voters [cast](bold) their [ballots](bold).

the total number of votes in an election


ballot

Train drivers are being balloted on industrial action.

火车司机被要求就劳工行动一事进行投票表决。

Staff balloted for strike action yesterday.

昨天员工投票赞成罢工行动。


ban

They are seeking a complete ban on nuclear testing.

an international ban on trade in endangered species

They imposed a blanket ban on beef products from Europe.

The export ban on live cattle was brought in some years ago.

Is an advertising ban a denial of freedom of speech?

He was given a three-year driving ban and a fine.

The Republican agenda included a constitutional ban on abortion.

The group has called for an immediate ban on fur farming.

The government has imposed an outright ban on fox hunting.

They promised to lift the immigration ban.

French farmers have called for a ban on imports.

New measures must be taken to enforce the ban on guns and knives.

He faced a four-year ban after failing a drugs test.

an official order that prevents something from being used or done

a call to lift the ban on homosexuals in the military


ban

[banning](bold) n. <U> eg: the banning of trade unions

[past tense and past participle](italic) [banned](bold) [present participle](italic) [banning](bold)

to say that something must not be done, seen, used etc

Charlie’s been banned from driving for a year.

[a banned substance/drug](bold)(=a drug that people competing in a sport are not allowed to take because it improves their performance)


banal

bəˈnɑːl, bəˈnæl

bəˈnɑːl, bəˈnæl

ordinary and not interesting, because of a lack of new or different ideas

平淡无奇的，平庸的，陈腐的

conversations about the most banal subjects


banana

a long curved tropical fruit with a yellow skin


band

They formed their own band and released a single.

He took up the saxophone and joined the school band.

(=either as lead singer or as a conductor)

He led his own band in Florida and played in clubs.

The band is performing live on Saturday night.

We were on the dance floor waiting for the band to strike up.

(=a band of brass instruments such as trumpets and trombones)

(=playing live music, not recorded music)

There’s a live band at the club on Saturday nights.

She plays the trumpet in the school band.

(=musicians who play music on military occasions)

a military band with their brass and their drums

He was one of the original band members.

(=the conductor of a brass band, a military band, etc)

a group of musicians, especially a group that plays popular music

〔尤指演奏流行音乐的〕乐队，乐团

乐队正在演奏披头士的老歌。

I grew up [playing in](bold) rock bands.

我是在摇滚乐队里玩音乐长大的。

史密斯在1989年加入这个乐队。

They [formed a band](bold) when they were still at school.

他们还在读书的时候就组建了一个乐队。

The entertainment includes a disco and [live band](bold).

娱乐活动有跳迪斯科和乐队现场演奏。

→ [big band](->big band) → [brass band](->brass band) → [marching band](->marching band) → [one-man band](->one-man band)

In this meaning, [band](bold)  is usually followed by a singular verb: The band [has](bold) made a video.

In British English, you can also use a plural verb: The band [have](bold) made a video.

a group of people formed because of a common belief or purpose

一伙，一群，一帮〔志趣相投的人〕

Interest rates stayed within a relatively narrow band.

利率在一个相对较小的范围内波动。

people within the $20,000–$30,000 income band

收入在两万至三万美元这个范围的人

a flat narrow piece of something with one end joined to the other to form a circle

她手指上戴的一枚细细的金指环

a narrow area of light, colour, land etc that is different from the areas around it

带状物，条纹〔指异于周围的狭窄光带、色带、土地等〕

The birds have a distinctive blue band round their eyes.

这种鸟的眼圈是蓝色的，很特别。


band

to put people or things into different groups, usually according to income, value, or price

〔通常按收入、价值或价格〕给 …分级

After valuation, properties will be banded in groups of £20,000 or more.

经过估价，房产将归在两万英镑或以上的组别里。


bandage

a narrow piece of cloth that you tie around a wound or around a part of the body that has been injured


bandage

also: [bandage up](bold)  [v](bold) <[T](bold)>

to tie or cover a part of the body with a bandage

The nurse bandaged up his sprained ankle.

护士用绷带包扎他扭伤的脚踝。


bang

a sudden loud noise caused by something such as a gun or an object hitting a hard surface

砰，啪〔枪声或撞到硬物的声音〕

There was a loud bang outside the kitchen door.

厨房门外传来砰的一声巨响。

a painful blow to the body when you hit against something or something hits you

〔对身体的〕猛击，猛撞，重打

Stock markets started the year with a bang.

(get) a bigger/better etc bang for your buck

something that gives you a good effect or a lot of value for the effort or money you spend on it

Are taxpayers getting enough bang for their buck?


bang

bang about/around
bang on
bang out
bang up

[bang the drum for sb/sth](bold) at → [drum](->drum) 1 sense 4 [bang sb’s heads together](bold) at → [head](->head) 1 sense 32 [be (like) banging your head against a brick wall](bold) at → [head](->head) 1 sense 31

to hit something hard, making a loud noise

The baby kept banging the table with his spoon.

宝宝不停地拿调羹敲桌子。

to put something down or against something with a lot of force, making a loud noise

to close something violently, making a loud noise, or to be closed in this way

我冲出去，砰的一声把门摔上。

to hit a part of your body, or something you are carrying, against something by accident

I fell and banged my head on the pavement.

我摔了一跤，头撞在人行道上。


bang

直接地；准确地；正巧，恰恰

The technology is [bang up to date](bold).

“那样对吗？”“绝对没错！”

used to show that you are unhappy because something you had hoped for will not happen

某事完蛋了，某事告吹了〔表示因期待的事不会发生而不开心〕

我脚底一滑，𠳐的一下撞到了墙上。


bang

砰〔用作模仿枪声或炸弹的声响〕


banish

to not allow someone or something to stay in a particular place

我被赶到远处的一条走廊里。

to send someone away permanently from their country or the area where they live, especially as an official punishment

成千上万的人被流放到西伯利亚。

to try to stop thinking about something or someone

消除〔想法〕；打消〔念头〕

[banish the memory/thought/image etc (of sb/sth)](bold)

They tried to banish the memory from their minds.

他们试图抹掉心中的记忆。


bank

→ [bottle bank](->bottle bank) → [food bank](->food bank) → [memory bank](->memory bank)

You may be able to borrow some money from the bank.

The bank lent me £10,000 to help me start the business.

How much do you have in your bank account at the moment?

(=the actual amount that you have in your bank account)

I'm just going to check my bank balance online.

You can  withdraw money using your bank card.

Will I have to pay bank charges on this account?

What's the interest rate on your bank loan?

(=a written statement of how much you have in a bank account)

I get a written bank statement once a month.

Could I make an appointment with the bank manager, please?

(=one of the ordinary banks that most people use)

There's a lot of competition between the major high street banks.

(=an ordinary bank, or one that deals with large businesses)

the role of UK commercial banks in the debt crisis

(=one that buys and sells stocks and shares etc)

(=a bank that accepts your savings and provides mortgages)

(=one of the banks in Britain that uses a clearing house when dealing with other banks)

large commercial customers of the clearing banks

(=the main financial authority in a country)

The Bundesbank is the central bank of Germany.

(=an international organization providing financial help to developing countries)

The road building was funded by the World Bank.

→ [clearing bank](->clearing bank) → [merchant bank](->merchant bank)

a business that keeps and lends money and provides other financial services

我们存在银行里的钱很少。

I have to [go to the bank](bold) at lunch time.

a place where human blood etc is stored until someone needs it

a large sloping mass of earth, sand, snow etc

〔土、沙、雪等堆积起来的〕坡，埂

a large number of machines, television screens etc arranged close together in a row

〔紧密排成的〕一排，一列

a supply of money used to gamble, that people can win

[break the bank](bold) at → [break](->break) 1 sense 24

to earn a lot of money for the work that you do

Check out Omar’s new car. The brother must be makin' bank.

看看奥马尔的新车，这位兄弟肯定是在赚大钱了。

used when saying that your parents will provide you with the money that you need for something

爸妈银行〔指爸妈提供子女购物所需资金〕

Some young people turn to the bank of Mum and Dad when they want to buy a house.

有些年轻人想买房时跟爸妈要钱。

a slope made at a bend in a road or racetrack to make it safer for cars to go around

〔公路或赛道拐弯处防止车辆侧滑或侧翻的〕内侧斜坡，边坡


bank

你把那张支票存入银行了吗？

我总是在第一州际银行存钱。

if a plane banks, it slopes to one side when turning

The plane banked, and circled back toward us.

飞机倾斜着绕了个圈，朝我们飞回来。

to arrange something into a pile or into rows

Snow was banked up on either side of the road.

使〔云团、雾团等〕聚集，使堆积起来

to cover a fire with wood or coal to keep it going for a long time

〔用木柴或煤〕封，压〔火〕

Josie banked up the fire to last till morning.

乔西把炉火封好，好让它保持到第二天早晨。


banker

someone who works in a bank in an important position

the player who is in charge of the money in some gambling games


bankrupt

without any money and unable to pay your debts – used about a person or business that has to officially admit this and stop trading permanently

Many small businesses will go bankrupt unless interest rates fall.

He was declared bankrupt in the High Court yesterday.

to have difficulty paying your bills and debts, often so that you are in danger of becoming bankrupt – used about people and businesses

The firm has been in financial difficulties for some time.

He was in financial difficulties and knew that he would have to sell his home.

to become bankrupt and have to stop operating – used about a business

The supermarket isn’t there anymore – it went bust ages ago.

During the last recession, dozens of businesses were going under every day.

Directors of insolvent companies often ignore demands for payment.

Individuals becoming insolvent also jumped 9% to 9,470 in the third quarter.

without enough money to pay what you owe

The firm [went bankrupt](bold) before the building work was completed.

建筑工程尚未竣工，公司就破产了。

In 1977 he was [declared bankrupt](bold)(=by a court).

1977年，他被宣布破产。

Mr Trent lost his house when he was [made bankrupt](bold).

特伦特先生破产以后房子也没有了。

Seventeen years of war left the country bankrupt.

17年的战争把国家耗空了。

completely lacking a particular good quality

缺乏〔某种美德〕的，沦丧的

The opposition attacked the government as [morally bankrupt](bold).

反对党抨击政府道德败坏。


bankrupt

to make a person, business, or country bankrupt or very poor

Johns had been nearly bankrupted through a failed business venture.

约翰斯因为商业投资失败几近破产。


bankrupt

someone who has officially said that they cannot pay their debts

[certified/uncertified bankrupt](bold) BrE(=one a court does or does not allow to start a business again)


bankruptcy

the state of being unable to pay your debts

In 1999 it was revealed that he was close to bankruptcy.

1999年他被披露几近破产。

When inflation rises, so do bankruptcies.

通货膨胀加剧，破产个案也会增加。

a total lack of a particular good quality

〔某种美德的〕欠缺，沦丧


banner

a long piece of cloth on which something is written, often carried between two poles

〔通常用两根竿子撑开的〕横幅，横幅标语

The onlookers were shouting, cheering, and waving banners.

观众挥动着横幅，又是叫喊又是欢呼。

旗帜，口号〔指信仰或原则〕

[carry/raise/wave etc the banner of sth](bold)(=publicly support a particular belief etc)

She’d never felt the need to carry the banner of feminism.

They marched under the banner of equal educational opportunity.

他们为倡导教育机会平等而游行。

as part of a particular group or organization

在 …的旗下，在 …的麾下

The oil-producing countries joined together under the banner of OPEC.

这些产油国在石油输出国组织这个旗帜下联合起来。


banquet

a formal dinner for many people on an important occasion

a state banquet (=one attended by heads of government and other important people)


baptism

[baptismal](bold) /bæpˈtɪzm/  adj. <only before noun> eg: a baptismal font (=container for holding the water used at baptism)

a Christian religious ceremony in which someone is touched or covered with water to welcome them into the Christian faith, and sometimes to officially name them

a difficult or painful first experience of something

火的洗礼，初次的痛苦经历[考验]

The campaign has been a baptism of fire.

这场运动等于是一次火的洗礼。


baptize

also: baptise ([BrE](bold))  [v](bold) <[T](bold)>

to perform the ceremony of baptism on someone

给 …施行洗礼，给 …施洗

to accept someone as a member of a particular Christian church by a ceremony of baptism

为 …施行洗礼并吸纳入教

他受洗成为罗马天主教徒。

to give a child a name in a baptism ceremony


bar

a place where people go to buy and drink alcoholic drinks

A man went into a bar and ordered a drink.

The city centre is full of wine bars and restaurants.

The club has a restaurant and a cocktail bar.

a building in Britain where alcohol can be bought and drunk, and where meals are often served

The fight took place outside a public house in the city centre.

a pub near where you live, especially one you often go to

a small hotel or pub, especially an old one in the countryside – often used in the name of the hotel or pub

The Bull Inn dates back to the 15th century.

The hotel was once a 17th century coaching inn used by people travelling by coach and horses.

a pub that is known to serve very good food

a pub in the past where you could also stay the night – used nowadays in the names of some pubs

Marlowe was killed in a fight in a tavern.

a bar, pub etc where people drink alcohol – often used humorously. A [watering hole](bold) is also the name for a place where wild animals go to drink

The bar became a popular watering hole for journalists.

a cheap bar where country music is played

They played in every honky-tonk in Tennessee.

a bar in the western United States. Also used in Britain about the part of a pub which has comfortable chairs where you can sit and relax

I felt like a cowboy walking into a saloon in the Wild West.

Do you want to stay in the saloon, or would rather go into the other bar?

A big Irish barman pulled me a pint of beer.

I was working in the evenings as a barmaid.

someone who makes, pours, and serves drinks in a bar or restaurant

the people serving drinks or food in a bar or pub

The local pub is advertising for bar staff.

He became violent and the landlord asked him to leave.

(=a bar selling mostly wine, in contrast to a pub)

He asked her to meet him in a trendy wine bar.

(=an informal restaurant or shop selling sandwiches/snacks)

I usually get some lunch from the sandwich bar.

(=an informal restaurant selling burgers and fast food)

The kids all hang out at the local burger bar.

(=a place selling fruit juices, usually freshly made)

The leisure centre also has a restaurant and a juice bar.

(=a bar or informal restaurant selling sushi)

Have you tried that new sushi bar in town?

(=a bar or informal restaurant serving small dishes of Spanish food)

(=a part of a restaurant where you can serve yourself to a range of salads )

When you’ve chosen your pizza, please help yourself from the salad bar.

a place where alcoholic drinks are served

宾馆里有一家有售酒许可证的酒吧。

a counter where alcoholic drinks are served

a place where a particular kind of food or drink is served

a place in your kitchen at home where you eat breakfast or a quick meal

a small block of solid material that is longer than it is wide

a length of metal or wood put across a door, window etc to keep it shut or to prevent people going in or out

〔挡住门、窗等的〕铁栅，横木

Her killer was finally [put behind bars](bold).

杀害她的凶手终于被关进了监狱。

a group of notes and rests, separated from other groups by vertical lines, into which a line of written music is divided

something that prevents you from achieving something that you want

我不觉得我们的幸福有任何障碍。

取得大律师资格，成为大律师

a long narrow shape along the sides or at the top of a computer screen, usually containing signs that you can click on

〔计算机屏幕侧边或顶部可点击的〕功能条

the main menu bar at the top of the screen

the long piece of wood or metal across the top of the goal in sports such as football

a long pile of sand or stones under the water at the entrance to a harbour

〔港口入口处的〕沙洲，暗礁

a narrow band of metal or cloth worn on a military uniform to show rank

〔军服上的〕军阶杠，绶带

the part of an electric heater that provides heat and has a red light

〔电暖气的〕电热丝[棒]


bar

[past tense and past participle](italic) [barred](bold) [present participle](italic) [barring](bold)

to officially prevent someone from entering a place or from doing something

They seized his passport and barred him from leaving the country.

他们没收了他的护照，禁止他出境。

to prevent people from going somewhere by placing something in their way

She ran back, but Francis [barred](bold) her [way](bold).

她往回跑，可是弗朗西斯拦住了她。

A locked gate barred my entrance to the wood.

上了锁的大门挡住了我进入树林的路。

to shut a door or window using a bar or piece of wood so that people cannot get in or out

〔用铁条、木条等〕封，堵〔门、窗〕


bar

We had recorded the whole album, bar one track.

我们把整张专辑都录了下来，除了一首歌。

used to emphasize that someone is the best of a particular group

He’s the most talented actor in the country, bar none.

他是国内最有天分的演员，无人可比。


barbaric

The way the whales are killed is nothing short of barbaric.

对鲸的捕杀方式非常残忍。


barbecue

also: barbeque ([AmE](bold))  [n](bold) <[C](bold)>

a meal or party during which food is cooked on a metal frame over a fire and eaten outdoors

a metal frame for cooking food on outdoors


barbecue

also: barbeque ([AmE](bold))  [v](bold) <[T](bold)>

to cook food on a metal frame over a fire outdoors


bar code

a group of thin and thick lines printed on products you buy in a shop, that a computer can read. It contains information such as the price.

〔产品包装上的〕条形码，条码


bare

一个衣衫褴褛、光着脚的小孩

她感觉到温暖的阳光照在她裸露的双臂上。

not covered by trees or grass, or not having any leaves

〔土地〕草木不生的；〔树木〕光秃秃的

不久，树也没有了，只剩下一片光秃秃的岩石。

empty, not covered by anything, or not having any decorations

空的；无覆盖物的；无装饰的

她环顾她那空荡荡的小房间。

a statement that tells someone only what they need to know, with no additional details

The newspaper had simply published the bare facts.

报上只刊登了最基本的事实。

the very least amount of something that you need to do something

最低限度的，仅有的，勉强的

他得了40分，勉强及格。

The room had the [bare minimum](bold)(=the smallest amount possible) of furniture.

房间里只有一些最基本的家具。

Her bag was light, packed with only the bare essentials.

她的包很轻，只装了一些最基本的生活必需品。

If you ask her about herself, she gives only [the barest](bold)(=the smallest amount possible) of details.

如果你问关于她的事，她只会告诉你只言片语。

the most important parts or facts of something without any detail

We have outlined only the bare bones of the method.

我们只粗略地介绍了这个方法的基本要点。

to uncover something that was previously hidden

显示出某事物，使某事物暴露

When the river is low, vast stretches of sand are laid bare.

河水水位低的时候，就会露出大片的沙地来。

historical writing which seeks to lay bare the true nature of an event

力求揭示事件真相的历史著作

He had [killed](bold) a man [with his bare hands](bold).

the basic form of a verb, for example ‘go’ or ‘eat’

〔动词〕不带to的不定式


bare

to remove something that was covering or hiding something

The dog [bared](bold) its [teeth](bold).


bare

[adv](bold) ([BrE](special)) [spoken](special) [informal](special)

very, or a lot of – used by young people

非常，许多〔年轻人用语〕

Check out this new game – it’s bare hard.

试试这种新游戏——很难的。


barely

She was very old and [barely able](bold) to walk.

她年纪非常大，只能勉强走几步路。

Mary had [barely enough](bold) money to live on.

She [could barely](bold) understand English.

她几乎没有注意到他的存在。

Joe and his brother are barely on speaking terms.

used to emphasize that something happens immediately after a previous action

Graham had barely finished his coffee when Henry returned.

格雷厄姆刚刚喝完咖啡，亨利就回来了。

used before amounts or numbers to emphasize that they are surprisingly small

只有，仅仅〔强调数量之少〕

Nowadays, the village has barely 100 inhabitants.

如今这个村庄只有100个居民。


bargain

In the market you can sometimes pick up a real bargain.

The house they bought was an amazing bargain.

She began looking for bargains at car boot sales.

Everyone likes to think they are getting a bargain.

Investors may be able to find some bargains this year.

You can often pick up a bargain at an auction.

The Regency hotel is offering off-season bargains.

In the sales you can get a fully fitted kitchen at a bargain price.

Bargain hunters queued for hours before the store opened.

They're off to do some bargain hunting at the January sales.

(=part of a large shop below ground where the price of goods is reduced)

Everything is reduced to clear in the bargain basement!

something you buy cheaply or for less than its usual price

There are no bargains in the clothes shops at the moment.

这阵子服装店里没有什么便宜货。

It’s an attractive little home, and I think [it’s a bargain](bold).

这处小居所很漂亮，我觉得很合算。

That second-hand table was a [real bargain](bold).

那张二手的桌子非常便宜。

Good watches don't come [at bargain prices](bold).

[Bargain hunters](bold)(=people looking for things to buy at low prices) queued outside the store for hours.

想淘便宜货的人在商店外面排队等了很久。

an agreement, made between two people or groups, to do something in return for something else

Management and unions have struck a bargain over wage increases.

资方和工会就加薪问题达成了协议。

I’ve [kept](bold) my [side of the bargain](bold) and I expect you to keep yours.

我履行了我的承诺，希望你也履行你的承诺。

[drive a hard bargain](bold) at → [hard](->hard) 1 sense 18

(also: [in the bargain](bold) ([AmE](bold)) )

I am now tired, cold, and hungry, with a headache into the bargain.

我现在又累又冷又饿，而且还头痛。


bargain

[bargainer](bold) n. <C> eg: He’s the hardest bargainer in the business.

to discuss the conditions of a sale, agreement etc, for example to try and get a lower price

讲价钱，讨价还价；商谈条件

他们就工资水平进行商谈。


bark

when a dog barks, it makes a short loud sound or series of sounds

这条狗总是对着陌生人叫。

to say something quickly in a loud voice

‘Don’t just stand there, give me a hand,’ she barked at the shop assistant.

“别光站在那里，帮我一把。”她对那店员吼道。

to have a wrong idea, or do something in a way that will not give you the information or result you want

The police spent three months barking up the wrong tree on the murder investigation.

to rub the skin off your knee, elbow etc by falling or knocking against something


bark

埃米发出的是粗哑的吼声。

used to say that someone who seems unpleasant or difficult to deal with is not really too bad

某人表面上厉害，某人嘴凶心不狠


barrage

the continuous firing of guns, dropping of bombs etc, especially to protect soldiers as they move towards an enemy

a lot of criticism, questions, complaints etc that are said at the same time, or very quickly one after another

[批评、问题、投诉等的]接二连三


barrage

a wall of earth, stones etc built across a river to provide water for farming or to prevent flooding


barrel

→ [pork barrel](->pork barrel) [scrape (the bottom of) the barrel](bold) at → [scrape](->scrape) 1 sense 5 [lock, stock, and barrel](bold) at → [lock](->lock) 2 sense 3

a large curved container with a flat top and bottom, made of wood or metal, and used for storing beer, wine etc

〔装啤酒、葡萄酒等的〕桶

这种葡萄酒是用橡木酒桶放陈的。

a unit of measurement for oil, equal to 159 litres

桶〔石油计量单位，相当于159升〕

the part of a gun that the bullets are fired through

to put someone in a situation in which they are forced to accept or do what you want

The manager has us over a barrel – either we work on a Saturday or we lose our jobs.

经理迫使我们就范，要么星期六上班，要么丢掉工作。

[Life is not](bold) exactly [a barrel of laughs](bold) at the moment.

眼下的生活景况不容乐观。


barrel

[v](bold) <[I](bold)> ([AmE](special)) [informal](special)

to move very fast, especially in an uncontrolled way

高速行驶，飞奔；〔尤指失控地〕飞驰

A vehicle barreled out of a shopping center and crashed into the side of my car.

一辆汽车从购物中心飞也似的冲出来，撞到了我车子的一侧。


barren

land or soil that is barren has no plants growing on it

Thousands of years ago the surface was barren desert.

很久很久以前，地面还是一片荒漠。

unable to produce children or baby animals – used of a woman or of female animals

〔女性或雌性动物〕不孕的，不育的

a tree or plant that is barren does not produce fruit or seeds

used to describe something that does not look interesting or attractive

沉闷无趣的，没有吸引力的

The sports hall was a rather barren concrete building.

体育馆是一幢了无生气的混凝土建筑。

used to describe a period of time during which you do not achieve anything or get any useful results

〔一段时间内〕不出成绩的，无效果的

I scored five in the first seven games, but I’ve had a bit of a barren patch since then.

我在头七场比赛中进了五个球，但是此后一段时间就颗粒无收。


barricade

a temporary wall or fence across a road, door etc that prevents people from going through

The fans were kept back behind barricades.


barricade

to build a barricade to prevent someone or something from getting in

During the riots, some of the prisoners barricaded their cells.

暴动期间，有些囚犯把牢房堵了起来。

Shopkeepers had to barricade themselves in.

店主们只得把自己关在里面。


barrier

→ [sound barrier](->sound barrier) → [crash barrier](->crash barrier)

(=things such as taxes that make trade between countries difficult)

The aim was to remove trade barriers and open up free markets.

(=the problem of understanding people who do not speak the same language)

Living in China was hard for me at first because of the language barrier.

Sport is a sure way to break down racial barriers.

The Internet allows people of all ages to interact without the usual social barriers.

Most of the technical barriers have been solved.

They were committed to breaking down the artificial barriers to women’s achievement.

Regulatory barriers have been an obstacle to international co-operation between police forces.

This is one of many bureaucratic barriers preventing the unemployed from claiming benefit.

Institutional barriers limit what can be achieved.

Most companies have broken down the old barriers of status among the workers.

Music has the great advantage of crossing cultural barriers.

Will this remove the barriers to change?

There are still many more barriers that need to be overcome.

We should be reducing barriers to imports from poor countries.

Some kids have erected emotional barriers that stop them from learning.

Uniforms are one of the things that create barriers.

a rule, problem etc that prevents people from doing something, or limits what they can do

He advocated the removal of trade barriers.

Problems with childcare remain the biggest barrier to women succeeding at work.

照顾子女问题依然是女性争取事业成功的最大障碍。

a type of fence or gate that prevents people from moving in a particular direction

Crowds burst through the barriers and ran onto the pitch.

a physical object that keeps two areas, people etc apart

The mountains form a [natural barrier](bold) between the two countries.

群山构成了两国之间的天然屏障。

a level or amount of 10 seconds, 40% etc that is seen as a limit which it is difficult to get beyond

〔难以超越的〕10秒/40%等大关

I’m hoping to crash the 20-second barrier in the final and get a bronze.

我希望决赛的时候能突破20秒大关，拿到一枚铜牌。


base

to have your main place of work, business etc in a particular place

The paper had intended to base itself in London.

这家报社原来打算把总部设在伦敦。

The new organization will be based in Dallas.

这个新机构将把总部设在达拉斯。

In this meaning, [base](bold)  is usually either passive or reflexive (=followed by [myself/itself](bold)  etc).


base

[cover (all) the bases](bold) at → [cover](->cover) 1 sense 12

This data provided a good base for further research.

A good education should give you a solid base for life.

A child needs a responsive mother in order to form a secure base for future development.

The first year of the course aims to provide students with a broad base of knowledge.

You’re building up a knowledge base that you’ll be able to use later.

Permanent staff have a better base from which to plan their career development.

It is essential to provide a sound base from which economic progress can be made.

By concentrating on our core businesses we will build a strong base from which to exploit future opportunities.

The training gives you a broad base in actually running an organization.

There is a door at the base of the tower.

The leather of his left trainer was coming away from its rubber base.

他左脚运动鞋上的皮面快要从橡胶底上脱落下来了。

the lowest point on a plant or part of your body, where it joins another part

〔植物或身体部位的〕基部，连接处

He was killed by an axe blow to the base of his skull.

他是颅底遭斧子重创死亡的。

the most important part of something, from which new ideas develop

India has a good scientific research base.

They were laying the base for a new economic recovery.

他们正在为经济的再次复苏打基础。

a place where people in a military organization live and work

the main place from which a person, company, or organization controls their activities

基地，根据地，总部，大本营

He used the house as a base for his printing business.

他把这房子作为他印刷业务的基地。

the people, money, groups etc that form the main part of something

The company has built up a loyal [customer base](bold).

该公司已经建立了一个稳定的客户基础。

By broadening the [tax base](bold)(=all the people who pay taxes), he could raise more revenues.

通过扩大征税来源，他就可以增加财政收入。

an attempt to strengthen the city’s [economic base](bold)(=things that produce jobs and money)

加强本市经济基础的一项举措

The country’s [manufacturing base](bold)(=all the factories, companies etc that produce goods in a country) has shrunk by 20%.

该国的制造业萎缩了20%。

the main part of a substance, meal etc to which other things are added

伏特加是许多鸡尾酒的基酒。

one of the four places that a player must touch in order to get a point in games such as baseball

His estimate for painting the kitchen seems way off base.

他对粉刷厨房费用的预估似乎差得太远了。

a chemical substance that combines with an acid to form a salt

the number in relation to which a number system or mathematical table is built up, for example 10 in the decimal system

to talk to someone to find out what is happening about something


baseball

an outdoor game between two teams of nine players, in which players try to get points by hitting a ball and running around four bases


basement

a room or area in a building that is under the level of the ground


basic

the basic things or information are the ones that are the most necessary, or the ones that you need to know first

Visit our website for some basic facts about healthy eating, exercise and weight control.

Water – indeed everything basic to life here must be brought in by truck.

more important than anything else – used especially when you want to emphasize what you are saying

The fundamental problem is a lack of resources.

one of the fundamental beliefs of Christianity

These values are fundamental to our society.

used when talking about a particular thing or feature, which something must have in order to continue. Also used when talking about the main point, difference etc

Freedom of the press is essential to our democracy.

Change and diversity are essential characteristics of the natural world.

The essential point is this: either we act now, or the whole future of our planet is uncertain.

One of the essential differences between humans and computers is that humans are more likely to make mistakes.

very important and having a lot of influence or receiving a lot of attention

Indonesia occupies a central role in this market.

Education is central to government policy.

The basic idea is that science discovers the truth of how the world works.

The basic principles underlying all the systems are the same.

This leaflet has been designed to provide some basic information.

You should start by giving the basic facts.

Most people nowadays are aware of some of the basic rules of healthy living.

The interviewer will ask you some basic questions about your education and work experience.

He was unfamiliar with the most basic concepts of chemistry.

They lack basic services such as water and electricity.

We need basic research into the causes of mental illness.

The ability to adapt is a basic ingredient of survival.

forming the most important or most necessary part of something

the [basic principles](bold) of chemistry

medical techniques basic to the control of infection

at the simplest or least developed level

基本的，最简单的，最初级的

他们所掌握的知识是相当初级的。

The farm lacks even [basic equipment](bold).

这个农场连最基本的设备都没有。

the amount of money that you are paid before any special payments are added

基本工资/底薪/基本养老金等

On top of the basic salary, there are numerous other benefits.

除了基本工资外还有许多其他的福利。

basic rights, needs etc are ones that everyone needs or should have

〔权利、需要等〕最基本的，起码的

poor families unable to meet their basic needs

连最基本的需求都难以维持的贫困家庭


basically

used to emphasize the most important reason or fact about something, or a simple explanation of something

Well, basically, it’s a matter of filling in a few forms.

嗯，其实也就是填几张表的事。

I used to see him every night, basically.

基本上，我以前每天晚上都见他。

in the main or most important ways, without considering additional details or differences

All cheeses are made in basically the same way.

所有的干酪基本上都是相同的做法。

I believe that human beings are basically good.

我相信人本质上都是善良的。


basics

the most important and necessary facts about something, from which other possibilities and ideas may develop

Here are some of the basics you will need to know.

这里有些基本原则你需要了解。

things that everyone needs in order to live or to deal with a particular situation

used to describe a return to teaching or doing the most important or simplest things

回归到基本的教育[做法]，返璞归真

A lot of parents want schools to get back to basics.

许多家长希望学校回归教育的根本。


basin

a round container attached to the wall in a bathroom, where you wash your hands and face

〔装在盥洗室墙上的〕洗脸盆，台盆

a large bowl-shaped container for liquids or food

the amount of liquid that a basin can contain

an area of land that is lower at the centre than at the edges, especially one from which water runs down into a river

a place where the Earth’s surface is lower than in other areas

〔地表的〕凹地；盆地；海盆