relax

to rest or do something that is enjoyable after you have been working

In the evenings, I like to relax with some music and a nice meal.

In two weeks’ time I’ll be relaxing on a beach in Greece.

to stop working or stop being active, and sit down or lie down so that you become less tired

If you’re tired, we’ll stop and rest for a while.

The doctor told me to take some time off work and try to rest.

to gradually relax after you have been working hard or feeling anxious

It had been a bad day and he just wanted to get home and unwind.

Set in spectacular countryside, the Shiga Hotel is the perfect place to unwind.

to relax and not do very much, especially after working very hard or being ill

Now that you’ve finished your exams, you can take it easy.

The doctor said he’ll have to take things easy for while.

to rest for a short time after a tiring activity, especially by sitting with your feet resting on something

Kate poured herself a drink and put her feet up.

When you’re pregnant and doing a full-time job, you must find time to put your feet up.

to relax completely, or stop worrying and getting annoyed about things – used mainly by young people

We spent the day chilling out by the pool.

to become more relaxed and stop worrying about things

I keep telling Mum that she needs to loosen up a bit.

Tom had had a few drinks and was beginning to loosen up.

to make someone feel relaxed, especially in a situation in which they might feel a little nervous

A good interviewer will try to make you feel at ease.

His friendly manner always puts people at their ease.

to rest or do something that is enjoyable, especially after you have been working

What Robyn needed was a drink to relax her.

萝宾需要的是喝一杯放松放松。

洗个热水澡可以帮助你放松下来。

to become quiet and calm after you have been upset or nervous, or to make someone do this

放心，镇定；宽慰，使冷静

Once out of danger, he started to relax.

一脱离危险，他就开始放心了。

if you relax a part of your body or it relaxes, it becomes less stiff or less tight

Gentle exercise can relax stiff shoulder muscles.

和缓的运动可以使僵硬的肩部肌肉放松。

Hughes believes that immigration controls should not be relaxed.

休斯认为不应放宽移民管制。

to hold something less tightly than before

他松开了抓着我胳膊的手。

to become less strict in the way you control something

The party has no intention of relaxing its hold on the country.

这个政党无意放松其对国家的控制。

to reduce the amount of attention you give to something

使注意力松懈/放松警惕等


relaxation

ˌriːlækˈseɪʃən

ˌriːlækˈseɪʃən

Meditation allows you to enter a state of [deep relaxation](bold).

冥想能使你进入完全放松的状态。

the process of making rules on the control of something less strict


relaxed

feeling calm, comfortable, and not worried or annoyed

Looking relaxed and confident, the president answered questions from the press.

He seems very relaxed about the whole situation.

relaxed and not getting annoyed or angry with people – used when this is a part of someone’s character. An [easy-going](bold) person likes to have good friendly relationships with other people, and is not strict about rules

Fred MacMurray was very easy-going and a pleasure to work with.

The hotel owner was an easy-going woman who let visitors come and go pretty well when they pleased.

The children were brought up in an easy-going atmosphere at home.

relaxed and not getting worried or annoyed about things – used when this is part of someone’s character. A [laid-back](bold) person likes to take life slowly

He seemed like a cool laid-back kind of a guy.

Life on the farm was more laid-back compared to life in the big city.

feeling happy and not worried about doing something, talking about something, or being with someone

The teachers were comfortable with the new technology and the students loved it.

Some female patients are not comfortable with the idea of seeing a male doctor.

This is an emotional issue, which most people aren’t comfortable talking about.

feeling relaxed in a situation – used especially when someone feels less worried than before, or when many other people would not feel relaxed in that situation

After a few weeks at college, I started to feel more at ease.

He looked completely at ease on a horse.

He was surprised to find himself so at ease with her father.

to feel relaxed in a place or with a person

Gail was lying in the sun looking very relaxed and happy.

盖尔躺在阳光下，看上去十分轻松愉快。

I feel more relaxed about my career than I used to.

对于事业我比以前更淡定了。

a situation that is relaxed is comfortable and informal

〔环境〕舒适的，悠闲的，轻松的

There’s a very [relaxed atmosphere](bold) in the school.

not strict, or not feeling that you have to do something in the way that other people think you should do it

[a relaxed attitude/manner/style etc](bold)

She has a fairly relaxed approach to housework.


relaxing

在家里度过的一个轻松的夜晚


relay

if people do something in relays, several small groups of them do it, one group after another, so that the activity is continuous

a piece of electrical equipment that receives radio or television signals and sends them on


relay

[past tense and past participle](italic) [relayed](bold)

to pass a message from one person or place to another

He quickly relayed this news to the other members of staff.

他马上就把这个消息转告给了其他员工。

if radio or television signals are relayed, they are received and sent, especially so that they can be heard on the radio or seen on television

中继转发，转播〔广播或电视信号〕

The broadcasts were relayed by satellite.

这些电视节目通过卫星进行转播。


relay

[past tense and past participle](italic) [relaid](bold)

to lay something on the ground again because it was not done well enough before


release

to let someone go free, after having kept them somewhere

Police arrested several men, who were later released.

警察拘捕了几个人，后来都释放了。

The bears are eventually released into the wild.

这些熊最后被放回野生环境中。

He was released from the hospital yesterday.

to let news or official information be known and printed

公开发表，发布〔新闻或官方消息〕

The new trade figures have just been released.

to make a CD, film, computer game etc available for people to buy or see

A version of the game for Mac computers will be released in February.

这个游戏的苹果电脑版将于2月份发行。

Thousands of bombs were released over Dresden.

数以千计的炸弹在德累斯顿上空投下。

[release your grip/hold (on sb/sth)](bold)

The sudden noise made him release his hold on her arm.

这突然的声响使他放开了抓着她胳膊的手。

to express or get rid of feelings such as anger or worry

Physical exercise is a good way of releasing stress.

锻炼身体是释放压力的好方法。

to allow someone not to do their duty or work

解除〔职务或工作〕；解雇

Because of rising costs, the company released 10% of their workforce.

因为成本不断上涨，公司解雇了10%的员工。

Williams asked to be released from her contract.

威廉斯要求解除她的合同。

to allow part of a piece of machinery or equipment to move from the position in which it is fastened or held


release

when someone is officially allowed to go free, after being kept somewhere

Before release, the sea lions are fitted with electronic tracking devices.

海狮在释放之前被装上了电子追踪器。

Simon has obtained early release from prison.

a new CD, film, computer game etc that is available to buy or see

新发行的激光唱片[电影，电脑游戏等]

if a film is on release, you can go and see it in a cinema

freedom to show or express your feelings

Playing an instrument can be a form of emotional release.

演奏乐器可以是情感宣泄的一种途径。

a feeling that you are free from the worry or pain that you have been suffering

treatment that will bring a release from pain

when a chemical, gas etc is allowed to flow out of its usual container

the release of toxic waste into the rivers

an official statement, report etc that is made available to be printed or broadcast, or the act of making it available

发布的声明[报告等]；〔声明、报告等的〕发表，发布

October 22nd is the date set for the report’s release.

报告定于10月22日发表。

a handle, button etc that can be pressed to allow part of a machine to move


relentless

[relentlessly](bold) adv. eg: He questioned her relentlessly.

strict, cruel, or determined, without ever stopping

a regime that was relentless in its persecution of dissidents

something bad that is relentless continues without ever stopping or getting less severe

〔不愉快的事〕不间断的，没完没了的

一个小婴儿没完没了的哭声

a family facing relentless financial problems

经济问题层出不穷的一个家庭


relevance

also: [rel‧e‧van‧cy](bold) /ˈreləvənsi/  [n](bold) <[U](bold)>

the quality of directly relating to something that is being discussed or considered

He didn’t realize the relevance of what he had seen.

他没有意识到自己所见事情的意义。

This book will be of particular relevance to chemists.

这本书对于化学家格外有价值。


relevant

directly relating to the subject or problem being discussed or considered

Relevant documents were presented in court.

We received all the relevant information.

我们收到了所有相关信息。

What experience do you have that is relevant to this position?

你有哪些和这个职位相关的经验？


reliable

[reliability](bold) /rɪˌlaɪəˈbɪləti/  n. <U>

someone or something that is reliable can be trusted or depended on

a birth control method that is cheap and reliable

米勒是个话不多且可靠的人。


reliant

Most companies are now reliant on computer technology.

大多数公司现在依赖计算机技术。


relic

an old object or custom that reminds people of the past or that has lived on from a past time

the books and photos, relics of Rob’s university days

书籍和照片——罗布大学时代的旧物

Everything in the house seemed old and untouched, like relics of an ancient time.

屋里的一切似乎都很古老，没有人动过，就像是古时的遗迹。

a part of the body or clothing of a holy person which is kept after their death because it is thought to be holy


relief

It was a great relief to him when she returned safely.

The holiday was a welcome relief from the pressure of work.

The court's decision came as a huge relief to Microsoft.

I felt nothing but relief when it was over.

When she heard he was still alive, relief flooded through her.

She was filled with an overwhelming sense of relief.

United fans breathed a huge sigh of relief as Drogba's shot was tipped over the bar.

What a relief to be able to say what I really feel!

It's just such a relief to have found someone!

Our objective is to provide food aid and emergency relief to developing countries.

We donated $1,000 to the American Red Cross for flood relief.

Relief agencies reported that many of the refugees had arrived in a terrible condition.

US troops had helped distribute relief supplies to Kurdish refugees in northern Iraq.

In areas severely affected by the earthquake, it is difficult to coordinate relief efforts.

UN officials accused the government of obstructing relief operations in the south of the country.

The relief workers have to bring in clean drinking water by tanker.

The charity raised over five million pounds for relief work.

A relief convoy of 10 trucks set off with food and medical supplies.

a feeling of comfort when something frightening, worrying, or painful has ended or has not happened

宽慰，宽心；〔恐惧、忧虑或痛苦过后的〕轻松

I felt a huge surge of relief and happiness.

He watched with relief as the girl nodded.

他看到女孩点头，就放心了。

No one was hurt, and we all [breathed a sigh of relief](bold).

没有人受伤，我们都松了一口气。

[it is a relief to see/have/know etc sth](bold)

I hate to say it, but it was a relief to have him out of the house.

我不想这么说，但是他不在家里确实让我很轻松。

让我宽心的是他们说英语。

The doctor said it was just the flu. What a relief!

医生说只是流感。终于放心了！

when something reduces someone’s pain or unhappy feelings

〔疼痛或不快的〕减轻，缓解

Marijuana can provide [pain relief](bold) for some cancer patients.

大麻可以为一些癌症患者减轻疼痛。

The cool room provided relief from the terrible heat outdoors.

这个凉爽的房间可以挡一挡户外的酷热。

money, food, clothes etc given to people who are poor or hungry

money raised for the [relief effort](bold)

famine relief for victims of the drought

为旱灾灾民提供的救荒物资

a person or group of people that replaces another one and does their work after they have finished

a way of decorating wood, stone etc with a shape or figure that is raised above the surface, or the decoration itself

to make something very noticeable, or to be very noticeable

（使）某事物格外引人注目

The tree stood out in stark relief against the snow.

树在白雪的映衬下显得格外醒目。

The article throws into sharp relief the differences between the two theories.

这篇文章使两种理论的区别更加明显。

a funny moment during a serious film, book, or situation

〔严肃的电影、书或情景中的〕轻松/滑稽场面

money given by the government to help people who are poor, old, unemployed etc

families on relief during the Depression

在大萧条时期领取救济金的家庭

the act of freeing a town when it has been surrounded by an enemy

if you show a part of the Earth’s surface in relief, you show the differences in height between different parts of it


relieve

What’s the best way of relieving back pain?

Drinking a pint of water should help to relieve the symptoms.

They all laughed and it helped to relieve the tension.

Don’t resort to alcohol to relieve your stress.

We offer patients a gentle massage to help relieve anxiety.

Doctors should have inserted a needle into the lungs to relieve the pressure.

to reduce someone’s pain or unpleasant feelings

减轻，缓解〔疼痛或不快的感觉〕

Some people eat for comfort, to relieve their anxieties.

有些人进食是为了寻找安慰，缓解焦虑。

to make a problem less difficult or serious

减轻，缓和，缓解〔问题的难度或严重性〕

programs aimed at relieving unemployment

to replace someone when they have completed their duty or when they need a rest

a polite expression meaning to urinate – often used humorously

小便〔礼貌性表达，常为幽默用法〕

a plain wall relieved by flecks of blue and yellow

以蓝、黄斑点打破素色墙面的单调

The books helped relieve the boredom of waiting.

在无聊的等待中，这些书能解闷。

to free a town which an enemy has surrounded


relieved

We're all immensely relieved that the ordeal is over.

She was obviously relieved to have escaped.

(=fairly relieved – often used when someone is actually very relieved)

I was somewhat relieved to hear the wine was £20, not £200 a bottle.

She was tired, and felt relieved when they all decided to go.

feeling happy because you are no longer worried about something

She looked immensely relieved when she heard the news.

听到这个消息，她似乎大大松了一口气。

His mother was relieved to see him happy again.

看到他又高兴起来，他妈妈放心了。

I felt relieved that Ben would be there.

本会在那儿，我就放心了。

他脸上绽开了宽慰的笑容。


religion

a set of beliefs about a god, and the ceremonies and customs that go with these beliefs. Also used when talking about all religions in general

Judaism is one of the great religions of the world.

a lecture on the role of religion in society

a religion, especially one of the large important world religions. Also used when talking about religious belief in general

The school welcomes children of all faiths.

His religious faith was always deeply important to him.

the act of believing in a god or gods, or the ideas that someone believes because of their religion

We all have the right to freedom of belief.

They were persecuted because of their religious beliefs.

a religious group that has slightly different beliefs from other groups who belong to the same religion

The church is the largest Christian denomination in the United States.

a group of people who have their own set of religious beliefs and customs, especially a group that has separated from a larger group

There are two sects in Islam - the Sunni and the Shi'a.

How great is the influence of the church in present-day society?

one of the separate groups within the Christian religion

an extreme religious group that is not part of an established religion – often used to show disapproval

The suicides have been linked to a strange religious cult.

the traditional pagan cults of Ancient Rome

the religion that you belong to, and the set of beliefs that you accept in order to belong to it – often used in phrases when saying that your religion should not affect how you are treated

There must be no discrimination because of race, colour, or creed.

You will be rewarded whatever your race or creed.

a group of people who share the same religious beliefs – used especially in official contexts

the benefits of living within a supportive faith community

The U.S. Constitution promises freedom of religion.

关于哲学和宗教信仰的课程

a particular system of this belief and all the ceremonies and duties that are related to it

The tribe [practised](bold) a [religion](bold) that mixed native beliefs and Christianity.

这个部落信奉一种融合本地信仰和基督教信仰的宗教。

to suddenly become interested in religion in a way that seems strange to other people

突然对宗教感兴趣；突然皈依

米勒在监狱里突然信教了。

used when saying that something is very important to someone and they are extremely interested in it and spend a lot of time doing it, watching it etc

某事物简直就是一种宗教信仰〔用于表示某人对某事物非常重视，极感兴趣〕

足球是我们一家人的狂热爱好。


religious

[religiosity](bold) /rɪˌlɪdʒiˈɒsəti/ US /-ˈɑːs-/  n. <U>

relating to matters of the human spirit, rather than the physical world

The Dalai Lamai is the exiled spiritual leader of Tibet.

We tend to ignore people's spiritual needs, and focus too much on material things.

connected with God and religion, and therefore treated in a special way – used especially in the following phrases

They believe they are fighting a holy war.

The priest puts some holy water on the child's head.

This place is sacred to both Jews and Muslims.

relating to the study of religion or to religious beliefs

not relating to religion or controlled by a religious authority

In the UK we live in a much more secular society.

believing strongly in a religion and obeying its rules

having a very strong belief in a religion

believing in the traditional beliefs, laws, and practices of a religion

someone who does not believe that God exists

someone who believes that people cannot know whether God exists or not

I think I'd describe myself as an agnostic.

a group of prominent agnostic scientists

relating to religion in general or to a particular religion

I don’t share her [religious beliefs](bold).

她的宗教信仰和我的不同。

the dates of major religious observances such as Easter or Christmas

复活节和圣诞节等重要宗教节日的日期

believing strongly in your religion and obeying its rules carefully


relish

to enjoy an experience or the thought of something that is going to happen

I don’t relish the thought of you walking home alone.

我可不想让你一个人走回家。

他很高兴能有机会扮演哈姆雷特。


relish

I ate [with great relish](bold), enjoying every bite.

我吃得津津有味，享受每一口饭菜。

a thick spicy sauce made from fruits or vegetables, and usually eaten with meat

〔用水果或蔬菜做成的〕（浓）调味汁


relocate

ˌriːləʊˈkeɪt

[relocation](bold) /ˌriːləʊˈkeɪʃ/ US /-loʊ-/  n. <U>

if a person or business relocates, or if they are relocated, they move to a different place

A lot of firms are relocating to the North of England.

许多公司正在迁往英格兰北部。

businesses that relocate in depressed areas

The residents were relocated to temporary accommodation while the work was being done.

施工期间，居民被安置在临时住处。


reluctance

He said the firm had made the job cuts with great reluctance.

There was considerable reluctance to question the chairman's judgment.

People showed a marked reluctance to accept that the situation was serious.

He had an understandable reluctance to accuse his friend of lying.

Despite some initial reluctance, they approved the plan.

He showed a certain reluctance to come tonight.

when someone is unwilling to do something, or when they do something slowly to show that they are not very willing

Wells finally agreed, but with reluctance.

韦尔斯最终同意了，但很勉强。


reluctant

[reluctantly](bold) adv. eg: Reluctantly, he agreed.

马多克斯不愿意谈论此事。


rely

[past tense and past participle](italic) [relied](bold) [present participle](italic) [relying](bold) [third person singular](italic) [relies](bold)


remain

to continue to be in the same state or condition

继续，依然〔保持某种状态〕

Please remain seated until all the lights are on.

请留在座位上，直到灯全都亮起。

Despite the job losses, Parker remained as manager.

尽管有人失业，但帕克还是保住了经理的位子。

Many scientists remain unconvinced by the current evidence.

现有证据依然不能使很多科学家信服。

In everyday English, people usually say something or someone [stays](bold)  in a particular state, condition, or place, rather than [remains](bold)  in it:

[Remain](bold)  is a linking verb in this meaning. This type of verb links the subject of the sentence with an adjective or noun: He remains undecided about what to do. Traffic congestion remains a problem.

to stay in the same place without moving away

她病得很重，不能再留在家里了。

The refugees were allowed to remain in the UK.

to continue to exist or be left after others have gone, been used, or been destroyed

Little of the original building remains.

原来的建筑已经所剩无几。

The score is tied, with fifteen minutes remaining.

比赛还剩15分钟，双方比分持平。

[What remains of](bold) his original art collection is now in the city museum.

他当初那些艺术藏品中得以保留下来的部分现在都在市博物馆里。

In everyday English, people usually say that something [is left](bold)  rather than [remains](bold) .

Not much of the old town [is left](bold).

to be left after other things have been dealt with

[There remained](bold) a few jobs still to be finished.

还剩下几项任务需要完成。

[The fact remains that](bold) racism is still a considerable problem.

实际情况是，种族主义依然是个相当大的问题。

used to say that it is still uncertain whether something will happen or is true

It remains to be seen whether the operation was successful.

手术是否成功还有待观察。


remainder

the part of something that is left after everything else has gone or been dealt with

The remainder must be paid by the end of June.

剩余款项必须在6月底之前支付。

He spent the remainder of his police career behind a desk.

他警察生涯的剩余时间都是在办公桌前度过的。

the number you get when you subtract one number from another number

the number that is left when you divide one number by another number

Fifteen divided by four gives you a remainder of 3.


remaining

the remaining people or things are those that are left when the others have gone, been used, or been dealt with

The few remaining guests were in the kitchen.

留下没走的几位客人都在厨房里。

Add the remaining ingredients and simmer for 30 minutes.

加入余下的原料，用文火炖30分钟。

The only remaining question is whether we can raise the money.

剩下的唯一问题是我们能否筹到这笔钱。


remains

the parts of something that are left after the rest has been destroyed or has disappeared

On the table were the remains of the evening meal.

extensive Roman remains (=of ancient buildings) at Arles

阿尔勒的一大片古罗马遗迹

她的遗体葬在威斯敏斯特。


remark

I’m sorry, I shouldn’t have made that remark.

He ignored my remark and carried on working.

He addressed all his remarks to her husband.

(=one that you do not think about carefully)

These days a casual remark can get you into trouble.

I didn’t mean to upset you – it was just a throwaway remark.

I found out about their relationship from a chance remark Teddy made at dinner.

(=a remark about someone’s appearance or behaviour, especially an offensive one)

He kept making personal remarks about Tom.

(=an offensive remark showing racist/sexist attitudes)

The men are accused of making racist remarks to a taxi driver in a dispute over a fare.

When faced with a sexist remark, women have to either confront the person or ignore it.

(=one that shows you do not think someone or something is very good)

My aunt always makes disparaging remarks about my appearance.

The children kept interrupting and making rude remarks.

(=one that criticizes in an indirect way, especially unfairly)

Will you stop making snide remarks about my mother!

I tried to think of a witty remark to make.

(=one that seems to mean the opposite of what you really mean)

She was always making sarcastic remarks about his work.

something that you say when you express an opinion or say what you have noticed

→see THESAURUS at [comment](->comment) 1

Unfortunately, a local journalist overheard the remark.

不巧一名当地记者无意中听到了这些话。

Caldwell, in his remarks, emphasized the need for cooperation.

考德威尔发言时强调了合作的必要性。


remark

to say something, especially about something you have just noticed

评论，谈到，说起〔尤指刚察觉的事〕

‘This house must be very old,’ he remarked.

“这幢房子一定很古老了。”他说道。

Anderson left the table, remarking that he had some work to do.

安德森离开桌子，说他还有事情要做。

He remarked on the difference in security measures at the two airports.

他讲到了两个机场安全措施的不同。


remarkable

unusual or surprising and therefore deserving attention or praise

It’s a remarkable achievement for the company.

这对公司来说是一个非凡的成就。

It is remarkable that women did not have the vote until that time.

妇女直到那个时候才有选举权，这很令人惊讶。

His drawings are remarkable for their accuracy.


remarkably

in an amount or to a degree that is unusual or surprising

Remarkably, all of the passengers survived the crash.

令人称奇的是，这次事故中所有乘客都幸免于难。


remedy

He brought with him a bottle of his own herbal remedy for hayfever.

She began to look into alternative methods of treatment, such as natural remedies and hypnotherapy.

Home remedies for colds include honey and lemon.

Fish oil has been used as a folk remedy since the eighteenth century.

a way of dealing with a problem or making a bad situation better

〔问题的〕解决方法；〔糟糕状况的〕补救方法

The problems in our schools do not have a simple remedy.

我们学校的问题没有简单的解决办法。

The program is one remedy for discrimination.

这个方案是解决歧视问题的一个办法。

a medicine to cure an illness or pain that is not very serious

有助于治疗失眠的天然药物

a home remedy (=one that you make at home) for sore throats

The herb is used as a folk remedy (=a traditional medicine, rather than one a doctor gives you) for a baby’s teething pains.

这种草药是治疗幼儿出牙疼痛的民间药方。

if a situation is beyond remedy, nothing can be done to make it better

She felt as if her marital problems were beyond remedy.

她觉得她的婚姻问题好像已经无法挽回了。


remedy

[past tense and past participle](italic) [remedied](bold) [present participle](italic) [remedying](bold) [third person singular](italic) [remedies](bold)

to deal with a problem or improve a bad situation

To remedy the situation, the water must be chemically treated.

为了改善这种情况，水必须进行化学处理。


remember

to form an idea in your mind of people, events, places etc from the past

I remember Janine – she lived in that house on the corner.

He remembered meeting her at a party once.

to remember a particular fact, event, or situation, especially in order to tell someone about it

Can you recall where your husband was that night?

She recalled that he had seemed a strange, lonely man.

Harry smiled as he recollected the scene.

She tried to recollect what had happened next in her dream.

to learn facts, a piece of writing or music etc, so that you can remember them later

Don’t write down your PIN number, memorize it.

to think about something that happened in the past

Looking back, I should have been more patient with her.

We need to stop looking back and start thinking about the future.

to talk about pleasant events, people, experiences etc from the past, because you want to remember them or enjoy talking about them

I used to spend hours listening to my grandfather reminisce.

to remember something important when you are doing something, because it could affect what you do

Bear in mind that this is the first time he’s done this.

used to say that you know a word or a name but that you have difficulty remembering it at this exact moment

His name’s on the tip of my tongue. I’ll think of it in a minute.

to make you think of another person, thing, or time, because they are similar

It reminds me of the time when I first started teaching.

The taste reminded him of school dinners.

I remember clearly how I used to feel as a child in church on Sundays.

He could vaguely remember his mother’s face.

(=in a way that shows you liked someone or something a lot)

The restaurant is fondly remembered by many.

You were still at school, if I remember rightly.

to have a picture or idea in your mind of people, events, places etc from the past

I [can’t remember](bold) her exact words.

I remember you two couldn’t stand each other at first!

我记得起初你们俩都受不了对方！

我记得曾在某次聚会上见过她一面。

I remember my father bringing home a huge Christmas tree.

我记得父亲带回来一棵巨大的圣诞树。

I [remember](bold) it [well](bold); I’d never seen my mother so angry.

这件事我记得很清楚；我从未见过母亲这么生气。

She [clearly remembers](bold) the excitement as they boarded the train.

她清楚地记得他们登上火车时的激动心情。

I [vaguely remember](bold) reading something about it in the paper.

我隐约记得在报纸上看到过有关情况。

They had three children, [if I remember rightly](bold).

如果我没记错，他们有三个孩子。

They’ve lived here [for as long as I can remember](bold).

在我记忆中他们一直都住在这儿。

No one got drunk [as far as I can remember](bold).

我记得当时没有人喝醉酒。

The verb [remember](bold)  is not usually used in the progressive in this meaning. You say: Yes, I remember him.
Don’t say: [Yes, I am remembering him.](strike)

You often say someone [can remember](bold)  something when describing what they remember: Yes, I can remember him.

Do not use ‘remember about’ in this meaning. You say: Do you remember that day?
Don’t say: [Do you remember about that day?](strike)

to bring information or facts that you know into your mind

You left your keys on the table, remember?

你把钥匙放在桌子上了，想起来了吗？

我想不起来她的电话号码。

I suddenly remembered that I’d left the stove on.

我突然想起我没有关炉子。

I called the office, but I don’t remember who I spoke to.

我给办公室打过电话，但我记不起是谁和我通话的。

to not forget something that you must do, get, or bring

Remember to take your P.E. clothes to school.

别忘了把你的运动服带到学校去。

to keep a particular fact about a situation in your mind

Remember, processed food is usually full of salt and sugar.

记住，加工食品一般都含有大量盐和糖。

Remember that not everyone has as much money as you.

记住，不是每个人都和你一样有钱。

It should be remembered that a lot of work went into this event.

不要忘了，这个活动花了大家不少功夫呢。

to think with respect about someone who has died, often in a ceremony

〔一般通过仪式〕纪念，缅怀

On this day we remember the dead of two world wars.

今天，我们缅怀两次世界大战的死难者。

to be famous for something important that you did in the past

He is best remembered for his travel books.

他因他的游记而为人们所熟知。

Johnson wanted to be remembered as ‘the education president.’

约翰逊希望人们记住他是“教育总统”。

to give someone a present on a particular occasion

Lilian always remembers me at Christmas.

莉莲过圣诞节时总会送礼物给我。

[remember sb in your will](bold)(=arrange for someone to have something of yours after you die)

used to ask someone to give a greeting from you to someone else


remind

to make someone remember something that they must do

使想起〔必须做的事〕，提醒

Yes, I’ll be there. Thanks for reminding me.

是的，我会去那里的。谢谢提醒。

The girls constantly had to be reminded about their chores.

不得不经常提醒那些女孩子料理好自己的事情。

提醒我今天晚上买点牛奶。

Mrs Welland reminded her son that they still had several people to see.

韦兰太太提醒儿子，他们还有几个人要拜访。

[that reminds me](bold)(=used when something has just made you remember something you were going to say or do)

Oh, that reminds me, I saw Jenny in town today.

噢，这倒提醒了我，我今天在城里看见珍妮了。

I reminded myself to watch them closely.

我提醒自己要密切注意他们。

He made a few notes to remind himself of what he wanted to say.

他记了几条，提醒自己要说些什么。

to make someone remember someone that they know or something that happened in the past

That song always reminds me of our first date.

那首歌总使我回忆起我们的第一次约会。

这使我想起我是多么幸运。

used in a joking way when someone has mentioned something that embarrasses or annoys you

别跟我提这事〔某人提到使你尴尬或不快的事情时的诙谐说法〕

‘We’ve got a test tomorrow.’ ‘Don’t remind me!’

“我们明天有考试。” “别跟我提这事！”

let me remind you/may I remind you (that)

used to emphasize a warning or criticism

让我提醒你〔用于加强警告或批评的语气〕

Let me remind you that you are expected to arrive on time.

让我提醒你，你一定要按时到达。


reminder

(=that makes you think about something all the time)

Peter's letters to me are a constant reminder of the happiness we shared.

(=a useful reminder of something important)

This is a timely reminder to people that they should be careful with strangers.

The earthquake in China is a salutary reminder of how fragile human existence can be.

This violence is a painful reminder that peace is still a long way away.

This incident is a stark reminder of the dangers police officers face every day.

Their performance was a vivid reminder of just why this band has remained so successful.

The soldiers' deaths are a powerful reminder of the price we pay for freedom.

I see Kathy's death as a poignant reminder that we sometimes really are powerless.

(=making you feel serious and worried or frightened)

They passed the armed guard, a grim reminder of the ever-present threat of terrorism.

It was meant to be a gentle reminder rather than a criticism.

The photograph will serve as a lovely reminder of your visit.

The case has provided a chilling reminder of how violently some people react to foreigners.

something that makes you notice, remember, or think about something

a reminder of the dangers of drinking and driving

关于酒后驾车种种危险的警示

Occasional bursts of gunfire are a reminder that the rebels are still active.

零星的炮火声提醒人们，叛军仍在活动。

The damaged church was preserved as a stark reminder of the horrors of war.

这座被毁的教堂被保留下来，无情地提醒人们战争的恐怖。

The drop in stock prices [serves as a reminder](bold)(=is a reminder) that investing is a form of gambling.

股票价格的下跌提醒人们投资是一种赌博。

something, for example a letter, that reminds you to do something which you might have forgotten

〔提醒做某事的〕提示信，通知单

a reminder from the dentist for your check-up


reminiscent

a style [strongly reminiscent](bold) of Virginia Woolf’s novels

一种酷似弗吉尼娅·吴尔夫小说的风格

她面带微笑，沉浸在往事之中。


remnant

a small part of something that remains after the rest of it has been used, destroyed, or eaten

The remnants of a meal stood on the table.

a small piece of cloth left from a larger piece and sold cheaply


remote

far from towns or other places where people live

if a chance or possibility of something happening is remote, it is not very likely to happen

〔机会或可能性〕渺茫的，微乎其微的

There’s a remote chance that you can catch him before he leaves.

你不大可能在他离开前赶上他。

实现和平的希望似乎很渺茫。

the remote time when dinosaurs walked the earth

[a remote ancestor](bold)(=someone related to you, who lived a long time ago)

The Heights was quiet and clean and remote from the busy daily life of the city.

高地静谧洁净，与忙碌的城市生活截然不同。

unfriendly, and not interested in people

他父亲是个冷淡的人，少言寡语。

not have the remotest idea/interest/intention etc

used to emphasize that you do not know something, are not interested in something, do not intend to do something etc

一无所知/毫无兴趣/毫无打算等

He hasn’t the remotest interest in sport.

I haven’t the remotest idea what you mean.

我一点都不明白你是什么意思。


remote control

a thing you use for controlling a piece of electrical or electronic equipment without having to touch it, for example for turning a television on or off

the process of controlling equipment from a distance, using radio or electronic signals

〔用无线电或电子信号的〕遥控

a type of computer software that lets you use a particular computer by connecting it to another one that is far away


removal

when something is taken away from, out of, or off the place where it is

when you get rid of something so that it does not exist any longer

when someone is forced out of an important position or dismissed from a job

the process of taking furniture from your old house to your new one

The removal men have been in and out all day.

搬家工人一整天都在进进出出。


remove

to make something no longer exist, especially something that was causing problems

Some stains are difficult to remove with ordinary washing powder.

All the obstacles to an agreement have now been removed.

to remove someone or something that you do not want. [Get rid of ](bold) is much more common than [remove](bold) in everyday English, but is usually only used in active sentences

They managed to get rid of all the weeds.

It was almost impossible to get rid of him.

to completely get rid of something that you do not want, especially because it is unnecessary or causing problems

If you book online, this eliminates the need for a ticket.

The new system will help to eliminate costly delays.

to completely get rid of a disease or a problem

The disease has been eradicated from most of Europe.

Street crime has almost been eradicated.

to remove something that has been written on a computer, or stored in a computer

Press 3 to delete the messages on your answerphone.

to remove recorded sounds or pictures from a tape, or writing from paper

It’s better to cross out a mistake than to try to erase it.

to remove a part from a film, book, speech etc

to take something away from, out of, or off the place where it is

Remove the old wallpaper and fill any holes in the walls.

撕下旧墙纸，把墙上的洞都填平。

Reference books may not be removed from the library.

to get rid of something so that it does not exist any longer

可去除葡萄酒酒渍的清洁剂

The college removed rules that prevented women from enrolling.

这所大学取消了禁止女性入学的规定。

to force someone out of an important position or dismiss them from a job

Congress could remove the president from office.

In everyday English, people usually say that someone [takes](bold)  clothing [off](bold)  rather than [removes](bold)  it:

Is it OK if I [take](bold) my coat [off](bold)?

The events in the newspaper article were far removed from reality.

报纸上报道的这些事件与事实大相径庭。

the child, grandchild etc of your cousin, or your parent’s, grandparent’s etc cousin

隔一代/两代等的堂[表]亲戚


remove

[n](bold) <[C,U](bold)> ([especially BrE](special)) [formal](special)

a distance or amount by which two things are separated

The X-ray operator works at a safe remove in a separate room.

X射线操作人员在安全距离外的另一个房间工作。


render

to cause someone or something to be in a particular condition

使成为；使变得；使处于〔某种状态〕

[render sb/sth impossible/harmless/unconscious etc](bold)

He was rendered almost speechless by the news.

听到这个消息他几乎说不出话来。

The blow to his head was strong enough to render him unconscious.

他头上挨了重重的一击，昏了过去。

to give something to someone or do something, because it is your duty or because someone expects you to

an obligation to [render assistance](bold) to those in need

为有困难的人提供援助的义务

[render a decision/opinion/judgment etc](bold)

It is unlikely that the court will render an opinion before November 5.

法庭不可能在11月5日以前表态。

a bill of $3200 [for services rendered](bold)(=for something you have done)

一张3,200美元服务费的账单

to express or present something in a particular way

〔以某种方式〕表达，表现

She made a sound that in print is rendered as ‘harrumph’.

她发出一个声音，写出来就是harrumph。

Infrared film renders blue skies a deep black.

红外线胶片将蓝色的天空拍成深黑色。

render sth into English/Russian/Chinese etc

to translate something into English, Russian etc

将某物译成英语/俄语/汉语等

to spread plaster or cement on the surface of a wall

a brick wall that has been rendered and whitewashed

已经抹上灰泥并粉刷好的砖墙

to melt the fat of an animal as you cook it

将〔脂肪〕熬成油；使熔化

Steam the goose to render some of the fat.

把鹅肉蒸一蒸，化掉一些油。


renew

to arrange for an agreement or official document to continue for a further period of time

延长〔协议或官方文件〕的期限，使续期

[renew sb’s contract/licence/membership etc](bold)

今年我需要办理护照换发。

to begin doing something again after a period of not doing it

〔中止后〕重新开始，继续

Local people have renewed their efforts to save the school.

当地居民再一次作出努力，挽救这所学校。

Police renewed their appeal for witnesses.

警察再次呼吁目击者出来作证。

[renew a friendship/acquaintance etc](bold)(=become friendly with someone again)

to remove something that is old or broken and put a new one in its place

to arrange to borrow a library book for a further period of time


renewable

if an agreement or official document is renewable, you can make it continue for a further period of time after it ends

〔协议或官方文件〕可延期的，可续期的

It’s a six-month lease but it’s renewable.

租期六个月，但是可以续签。

renewable energy replaces itself naturally, or is easily replaced because there is a large supply of it

〔能源〕可更新的，可再生的，可恢复的

→see THESAURUS at [environmentally friendly](->environmentally friendly)

[renewable energy](bold) such as solar power

an industry based on [renewable resources](bold)


renewal

when an activity, situation, or process begins again after a period when it had stopped

〔中止后的〕恢复，重新开始

when you make an agreement or official document continue for a further period of time after it ends

〔有效期的〕延长；展期；续订；更新

Mark’s contract [comes up for renewal](bold) at the end of this year.

马克的合同将在今年年末到期，需要续签。

when the poor areas of towns are improved by making new jobs, industries, homes etc


renewed

starting again, especially with increased interest or strength

The festival went ahead, despite renewed protests.

尽管抗议再度爆发，节庆活动依然继续。

feeling healthy and relaxed again, after feeling ill or tired


renowned

known and admired by a lot of people, especially for a special skill, achievement, or quality

有名望[声望]的，著名的


rent

to pay money to use a house, room, vehicle, piece of equipment, area of land etc

He rented a room in a house on the Old Kent Road.

They flew out to New York and rented a car at the airport.

to pay money to use a car or a piece of clothing or equipment for a short period of time

to have a legal agreement under which you pay money to a person or company in order to use a building, area of land, vehicle, piece of equipment etc for a fixed period of time

They leased the offices from an American company.

to allow someone to use a house, room, vehicle, piece of equipment, area of land etc in return for money

to allow someone to use a room, house, building etc in return for money

Some people don't want to let rooms to foreigners.

They let the house out while they were on holiday.

to make a legal agreement which allows a person or company to use something that you own for a fixed period of time

Santa Clara ' s Redevelopment Agency leased the existing city golf course to developers.

to regularly pay money to live in a house or room that belongs to someone else, or to use something that belongs to someone else

Most students rent rooms in their second year.

大多数学生到二年级时租房居住。

我更想有自己的房子，不想租房。

Some farmers rent their land from the council.

一些农场主向市政会租赁土地。

to let someone live in a house, room etc that you own, or use your land, in return for money

出租〔房屋、房间、土地等〕

她把两个房间出租给学生。

to pay money for the use of something for a short period of time

Will you rent a car while you’re in Spain?

你在西班牙期间会租车吗？


rent

Our workers get low rents and other advantages.

The government plans to provide more homes at affordable rents.

(=rent paid to the owner of the land that a house, office etc is built on)

There is an additional ground rent of £30 per month.

The colonel let us have the cottage for a peppercorn rent.

Mrs Carr said she is still owed several thousand dollars in back rent.

The rent is due at the beginning of the week.

fall behind with the rent/get behind on the rent

You could be evicted if you fall behind with the rent.

His job is to collect the rents from the tenants.

The rent has gone up by over 50% in the last two years.

How can they justify such big rent increases?

(=money that you owe because you have not paid your rent)

The most common debts were rent arrears.

(=a book that shows the payments you have made in rent)

the money that someone pays regularly to use a room, house etc that belongs to someone else

I pay the rent at the beginning of every month.

每年8,000英镑的房租

an amount of money that you pay to use a car, boat etc that belongs to someone else

〔汽车、船等的〕租金，租用费

〔布料上的〕破裂处，裂缝


rent

the past tense and past participle of rend

rend的过去式和过去分词


rental

the money that you pay to use a car, television, or other machine over a period of time

〔汽车、电视或其他机器的〕租金，租用费

The price includes accommodation and car rental.

这个价格包括住宿和租车的费用。

录像带的租金通常是3英镑。

[line rental](bold) BrE(=the money that you pay to use a telephone line)

an arrangement to rent something for a period of time, or the act of doing this

你在租赁协议上签个字好吗？

something that you rent, especially a house or car

租用的东西〔尤指房屋、汽车〕


reopen

if a theatre, restaurant etc reopens, or if it is reopened, it opens again after a period when it was closed

（使）〔剧场、餐厅等〕重新开张

游泳池将于5月份重新开放。

if you reopen a discussion, law case etc, or if it reopens, you begin it again after it had stopped

（使）〔讨论、案件审理等〕再次开始

[reopen a case/question/debate etc](bold)

attempts to reopen the issue of the power station’s future

试图重提发电站未来这一问题

if a government reopens the border of their country, or if the border reopens, people are allowed to pass through it again after it had been closed


repair

to do some work on something that is damaged or not working properly, so that it is in good condition again

The builders are coming to repair the roof.

Have you had the washing machine repaired yet?

to repair something that is damaged, torn, or not working

I’ve found someone who’ll mend the fence.

Fishermen sat mending their nets in the sunshine.

to check a vehicle or machine and repair it if necessary, especially regularly

You should have your car serviced every six months.

When was the last time we had the gas boiler serviced?

to repair an old building so that it looks in good condition again

They bought an old house and renovated it themselves.

to repair something old and valuable, especially a building, piece of furniture, painting etc, so that it looks the same as it did originally

Many paintings were damaged in the fire but have now been restored.

The hotel was restored to its original Victorian splendour in 1984.

to repair an old building or vehicle, so that it looks in good condition again

A builder bought the house and fixed it up.

to quickly repair something that has a hole in it, by putting a piece of material on it, especially temporarily

They patched up the wall with bits of cement.

to fix something that is damaged, broken, split, or not working properly

Dad was up the ladder, repairing the roof.

Where can I [get](bold) my shoes [repaired](bold)?

to do something to remove harm that you have caused

Neil tried to [repair the damage](bold) that his statements had caused.

尼尔试图弥补他那番话造成的损害。


repair

I have done some repairs to the chair over the years.

The school was closed for two months while repairs were carried out.

In the summer, we had to carry out some minor repairs to the roof.

The car didn't need to have any major repairs done.

The Council has agreed to carry out essential repairs to the fencing.

More than £40,000 is needed for urgent repairs to the tower.

(=to the walls or roof of a building or to the main parts of a bridge or other structure)

A survey showed that the bridge needed significant structural repairs.

Never attempt electrical repairs without unplugging the appliance.

(=small things that you do to something to keep it working properly)

Farm workers made their own tools and carried out their own running repairs.

We were staying at a hotel while our house was under repair.

Many of the cottages were badly in need of repair.

be beyond repair/be damaged beyond repair

(=be so badly damaged that it cannot be repaired)

Unfortunately the engine is beyond repair.

The council has been responsible for appointing contractors to carry out this repair work.

It looked like a simple repair job to me.

(=a place where things of a particular kind are repaired)

(=a set of of tools or equipment that you use to repair something)

something that you do to fix a thing that is damaged, broken, or not working

His job is to make minor repairs on all the machines.

他的工作是给所有的机器作些小修小补。

The church tower is [in need of repair](bold).

an extensive programme of building repairs

Many of the paintings were beyond repair (=so damaged that they could not be mended).

其中许多画作已经无法修复。

Garden tools should be [kept in good repair](bold).


repay

[past tense and past participle](italic) [repaid](bold)

to pay back money that you have borrowed

Your mortgage will be repaid over 25 years.

你的按揭贷款将在25年内还清。

I’ll repay you the money you lent me next week.

你借给我的钱我下星期还你。

In everyday English, people usually say that someone [pays](bold)  money [back](bold)  rather than [repays](bold)  it:

I'll [pay](bold) you [back](bold) the money at the end of the week.

to do something for someone, or give them something, in return for helping you

How can we repay him for everything he’s done?

我们怎么才能报答他所做的一切呢？

I’d like to buy them something to repay all their kindness.

我想给他们买点东西来报答他们的好意。

if something repays your time, effort etc, it is worth the time or effort you have spent

值得〔付出时间、努力等〕


repayment

when you pay back money that you have borrowed

〔借款的〕归还；〔债务的〕偿还

an amount of money that you pay regularly until you do not owe any more

monthly [mortgage repayments](bold) of £330

每月330英镑的按揭贷款还款额

Do you worry about [meeting](bold)(=paying) your loan [repayments?](bold)

你是否在为支付每一期还款而发愁？


repeat

[history repeats itself](bold) at → [history](->history) sense 8

你能重复一遍你的问题吗？

对不起——你能再说一遍吗？

Nick patiently repeated that he had to work that day.

尼克耐心地重复了一遍，说那天他得上班。

那不是我的错，我再说一遍，不是。

“我保证。”她又说了一遍。

repeat yourself (=say something that you have said before, usually by mistake)

Elderly people tend to repeat themselves.

这套操每天重复练习两次。

We must not repeat the mistakes of the past.

我们不能再犯以前的错误。

[repeat a class/grade/year](bold)(=do the same class at school again the following year)

The team are hoping to [repeat](bold) their [success](bold)(=achieve the same good result) of last season.

球队希望再续上一赛季的佳绩。

to say something that someone else has just said, especially in order to learn it

复述，跟读〔尤指为学习〕

to tell someone something that you have heard, especially something secret

Here’s what happened, but don’t repeat it.

to broadcast a television or radio programme again

The series will be repeated in the autumn.

used to say that you do not want to repeat what someone has said, especially because it is rude


repeat

an event that is very like something that happened before

The match was basically a repeat of last year’s game at Wembley.

这场比赛差不多是去年温布利那场比赛的翻版。

It was a terrible journey – I hope we don’t have a [repeat performance](bold)(=have the same thing happen again) on the way home.

这一路上太糟糕了——我希望回程可不要再发生同样的事。

a television or radio programme that has been broadcast before

‘Is it a repeat?’ ‘No, it’s a new series.’

“是重播吗？” “不是，是新播出的连续剧。”

an order of goods or a prescription of medicine that is the same as one you had before

〔相同货物的〕续订订单/〔同样药物的〕相同处方

the sign that tells a performer to play a piece of music again, or the music that is played again

〔乐谱的〕反复记号；〔音乐的〕重复段


repeatedly

Graham was repeatedly warned not to work so hard.

格雷厄姆一再被提醒工作不要这么拼命。


repertoire

all the plays, pieces of music etc that a performer or group knows and can perform

〔某个表演者或团体的〕全部剧目，常备节目

The group include some techno in their repertoire.

这个组合的常备表演项目里包括高科技舞曲。

the total number of things that someone or something is able to do


repetition

doing or saying the same thing many times

The job involved the [constant repetition](bold) of the same movements.

这份活儿需要不断重复同样的动作。

过去小孩子是通过背诵来学习的。

something that happens again, especially something bad

再次发生的事〔尤指不好的事〕


replace

In everyday English, people usually say [put](bold)  something [back](bold)  rather than [replace](bold)  something:

Don't forget to [put](bold) the books [back](bold) when you've finished.

if one person replaces another, they do a job or activity instead of the other person, usually permanently

The opposition leader Zhelyu Zhelev was elected to replace him.

How will we ever find anyone who can replace you?

The lead singer was replaced by Ray Willis back in 1992.

It will be difficult to find someone to take her place.

Doctor Rice is on holiday. I'm taking his place.

The court may allow another relative to take the place of the parent.

to replace someone in a job or position, and continue their work

Sales are up they have increasedsince he took over the company.

to replace someone at work on a particular occasion

She was filming in Australia, so she asked a friend to stand in for her at the awards ceremony.

During the dangerous scenes, stuntmen and women stand in for the actors.

to replace someone in a job for a short time

Susan will fill in for me while I'm away.

if one thing replaces another, it is used instead of the other thing, usually permanently

If any of the eight units fails, its place will be taken by the back-up unit.

MP3 players are taking the place of CDs.

Ugly concrete apartment buildings have taken the place of the old houses.

to take the place of something – used especially about inventions, methods, organizations etc

The League of Nations was superseded by the United Nations in 1946.

Analysis by manual calculation has been superseded by more modern computer-based methods.

Goose used to be a traditional Christmas bird until turkey superseded it in popularity.

Iron began to supersede bronze for tool making about 3000 years ago.

to use something instead of the thing that you usually use, because the usual thing is not available – used especially about food

You can substitute margarine for butter in most recipes.

to start doing something instead of another person, or start being used instead of another thing

Lectures have replaced the old tutorial system.

课堂授课取代了旧式的导师制。

to remove someone from their job or something from its place, and put a new person or thing there

其中两个轮胎必须得换下来。

They replaced the permanent staff with part-timers.

他们用兼职人员来代替固定职员。

if you replace something that has been broken, stolen etc, you get a new one

更换〔已损坏之物、被盗的东西等〕

I’ll replace the vase I broke as soon as possible.

我会尽快换掉被我打碎的花瓶。

to put something back where it was before


replacement

when you get something that is newer or better than the one you had before

Our old car is badly in need of replacement.

an artificial knee etc that replaces a damaged one, given to people in a medical operation

人工膝关节/人工髋骨/人工关节

someone or something that replaces another person or thing

It was difficult to find a replacement for Ted.


replay

a game that is played again because neither team won the first time

米兰队在半决赛的重赛中以三比零取胜。

the playing again of an important part of a sports event being shown on television, usually at a slower speed so that it can be examined it more clearly

〔体育比赛部分镜头的〕重放，回放，重播

You can see on the replay that the goalkeeper was fouled.

从回放镜头中可以看到有人对守门员犯规。

something that is done exactly as it was before

以前犯过的同样错误的重演


replay

[Replay](bold)  is often used in the passive.

to play a game again because neither team won the first time

〔由于未决出胜负而〕重新举行〔比赛〕

The match will be replayed on Wednesday.

比赛将在星期三再进行一次。

to show again on television something that has been recorded

〔在电视上〕重放，回放，重播〔录像〕

Highlights of the race were replayed on the news.

比赛的精彩场面在新闻里重放。


replicate

[replication](bold) /ˌreplɪˈkeɪʃ/  n. <C,U>

if you replicate someone’s work, a scientific study etc, you do it again, or try to get the same result again

重做；重复〔某项科学研究〕；复证〔某个结果〕

There is a need for further research to replicate these findings.

需要进一步的研究来复证这些结果。

if a virus or a molecule replicates, or if it replicates itself, it divides and produces exact copies of itself

〔病毒、分子〕（使自我）复制

脱氧核糖核酸的自我复制能力


reply

[past tense and past participle](italic) [replied](bold) [present participle](italic) [replying](bold) [third person singular](italic) [replies](bold)

to answer someone by saying or writing something

I asked Clive where he was going, but he didn’t reply.

我问克莱夫到哪儿去，但他没有回答。

抱歉，我过了这么久才回复。

‘Did you see Simon today?’ ‘Of course,’ Nathalie replied with a smile.

“你今天见到西蒙了吗？” “当然啦。”纳萨莉笑着答道。

Mills replied that he was staying at his parents’ flat.

米尔斯回答说他住在父母的公寓里。

[Reply](bold)  is used especially in written English. In everyday English, people usually say [answer](bold) :

[You haven’t [replied to](bold) my question.](strike)

You haven’t [answered](bold) my question.

to react to an action by doing something else

The rebel troops replied to government threats with increased violence.

叛军用更激烈的暴力活动来回应政府的威胁。


reply

something that is said, written, or done as a way of replying

I tried calling, but there was no reply.

我试着打电话过去，但没有人接。

We still haven’t received a reply to our letter.

我们的信还没有得到回音。

I tried calling but there was no [answer](bold).

I am writing in reply to your letter of 1st June.

6月1日的来信收悉，现答复如下。

if a sports team gets a number of points or goals without reply, their opponents do not score

〔运动队得了分〕没有失分


report

Her social worker has written a report on the case.

We make regular progress reports to our manager.

He came to the office to give his report in person.

The surveyor will view the property and prepare a full report.

Doctors will have to submit weekly reports.

The report said that it would cost another £250 million to repair the damage.

A full report will be prepared for the next committee meeting.

Black graduates still face discrimination from employers, according to an official report.

Mr Thomas asked me to send him a written report.

He made a confidential report to UN headquarters in New York.

(=that shows the results of an examination on a dead body to find the cause of death)

The autopsy report gave the cause of death as alcohol poisoning.

Amnesty has received repeated reports of violation of detention procedures.

The police say they had reports of a gang shooting in East London.

A spokesman refused to confirm reports that the aircraft had previously suffered an engine fire.

Government officials have denied reports of rebel advances.

(=refuse to consider it because you believe it is not true)

A Treasury official yesterday dismissed the reports as ‘pure speculation’.

(=not yet supported by official information)

There are unconfirmed reports that up to 2,000 people have been killed.

Some were beaten and tortured according to first-hand reports from former prisoners.

On Sunday there were reliable reports of a group of whales off the Devon coast.

According to unofficial reports, the president had talks with Palestinian leaders.

Conflicting reports continued to emerge from the area.

(=likely to make you believe something that is not true)

This isn’t the first time the industry has published misleading reports based on incomplete data.

a written or spoken description of a situation or event, giving people the information they need

Colleges have to provide a written report on the progress of each student during the year.

学院必须出具每名学生一年学业进展的书面报告。

a piece of writing in a newspaper about something that is happening, or part of a news programme

According to recent [news reports](bold), two of the victims are Americans.

根据近期的新闻报道，受害者中有两名是美国人。

an official document that carefully considers a particular subject

〔对某一课题的〕研究报告

新近一份关于虐童问题的报告

information that something has happened, which may or may not be true

Police [received reports](bold) of a bomb threat at the airport at 11:28 p.m.

警方收到机场炸弹恐吓传言，时间是晚上11点28分。

Government officials have [denied reports](bold) of rebel advances.

政府官员否认了有关叛军正在推进的传言。

a written statement by teachers about a child’s work at school, which is sent to his or her parents

someone who works for a particular manager

Only Gordon’s [direct reports](bold) are attending the course.

只有戈登的直接下属参加这个课程。


report

to give people information about recent events, especially in newspapers and on television and radio

〔尤指在报纸、电视、广播上〕报道

This is Gavin Williams, reporting from the United Nations in New York.

我是加文·威廉斯，在纽约联合国总部为您报道。

We aim to report the news as fairly as possible.

我们力求公正地报道这一新闻。

The incident was widely reported in the national press.

这一事件在全国的媒体上被广泛报道。

The Times sent her to Bangladesh to report on the floods.

《泰晤士报》派她去孟加拉国报道水灾灾情。

Journalists in Cairo reported that seven people had been shot.

开罗的记者报道说有七人遭到枪击。

Witnesses reported seeing three people flee the scene.

目击者称看到有三个人逃离现场。

In more formal English, you say [it is reported that](bold)  something is true: It is reported that there has been an explosion.

used to say that a statement has been made about someone or something, but you do not know if it is true

The stolen necklace is reported to be worth $57,000.

据说被盗项链价值5.7万美元。

to tell someone about what has been happening, or what you are doing as part of your job

I’ve asked him to come back next week and report on his progress.

我要求他下星期回来汇报工作进展情况。

to officially give information to the public

Doctors have reported a 13% increase in the number of people with heart disease.

医生公布患心脏疾病的人数增加了13%。

to tell the police or someone in authority that an accident or crime has happened

报告〔事故〕；举报〔罪案〕

All accidents must be reported to the safety officer.

所有事故都必须向安全员报告。

to complain about someone to people in authority

Polish referee Ryszard Wojoik reported two Leeds United players for violent conduct.

波兰裁判理夏德·沃耀克报告利兹联队两名队员存在暴力行为。

Hadley’s drinking problem led co-workers to report him to the supervisor.

哈德利因酗酒问题被同事向主管举报了。

to go somewhere and officially state that you have arrived

All visitors must report to the site office.

所有来访者都必须向现场管理处报到。

All soldiers were required to [report for duty](bold)(=arrive and be ready for work) on Friday.

所有士兵都必须在星期五报到。

to officially tell your employers that you cannot come to work because you are ill


reported speech

in grammar, words that are used to tell what someone says without repeating their actual words. ‘She said she didn’t feel well’ is an example of reported speech


reporter

The case attracted newspaper reporters from all over the world.

He told television reporters that he had no plans to resign.

He started as a news reporter on Radio 1.

Pinchetti became the magazine's top political reporter.

(=one that tries to find out about something important)

Two investigative reporters wrote an article linking the CIA to cocaine trafficking in Los Angeles.

someone whose job is to write about news events for a newspaper, or to tell people about them on television or on the radio


represent

to officially speak or take action for another person or group of people

Mr Kobayashi was chosen to represent the company at the conference.

小林先生被选中代表公司出席会议。

to speak officially for someone in a court of law

She decided to represent herself (=speak for herself without a lawyer) during the trial.

她决定在审判中作自我辩护。

European orders represented 30 percent of our sales last year.

欧洲订单占了我们去年销售额的30%。

[represent a change/an advance/an increase etc](bold)

This treatment represents a significant advance in the field of cancer research.

这种治疗方法是癌症研究领域的一个巨大进步。

to have been elected to a parliament, council etc by the people in a particular area

〔通过选举〕当〔某地区〕的议员[代表]

He represents the Congressional District of Illinois.

他是伊利诺伊州国会选区的议员。

to be a sign or mark that means something

Brown areas represent deserts on the map.

地图上的褐色区域代表沙漠。

He hated the school and everything it represented.

if you represent your country, school, town etc in a sport, you take part in a sports event for that country etc

代表〔国家、学校、城镇等参加体育比赛〕

Her greatest ambition was to represent her country at the Olympics.

她最大的夙愿就是代表国家参加奥运会。

if a group, organization, area etc is represented at an event, people from it are at the event

All the local clubs were represented in the parade.

当地所有俱乐部都有代表参加游行。

to describe someone or something in a particular way, especially in a way that is not true

〔尤指不真实地〕描绘，描述，描写

→see THESAURUS at [describe](->describe)

The article represents the millionaire as a simple family man.

文章把这位百万富翁描述成一个简朴的居家男人。

He had represented himself as an employee in order to gain access to the files.

他为了接触到这些文件，谎称自己是雇员。

if a painting,statue, piece of music etc represents something or someone, it shows them

Paintings representing religious themes were common in medieval times.

表现宗教主题的绘画作品在中世纪很常见。


representation

when you have someone to speak, vote, or make decisions for you

Minority groups need more effective parliamentary representation.

少数族群需要办事更为高效的议会代表。

There has been a decline in union representation in the auto industry.

汽车行业中工会代表有所减少。

→ [proportional representation](->proportional representation)

a painting, sign, description etc that shows something

The clock in the painting is a symbolic representation of the passage of time.

画上的时钟象征着光阴的流逝。

the act of representing someone or something

She received praise for her effective representation of Garcia during the trial.

她在庭审时为加西亚作了有力的辩护，因而受到赞扬。

A group of students [made representations](bold) to the college about the poor standard of the accommodation.

一群学生就恶劣的住宿条件同校方交涉。

to describe or explain something in a way that you know is not true


representative

someone who has been chosen to speak, vote, or make decisions for someone else

a member of the House of Representatives, the Lower House of Congress in the United States


representative

The latest incident is representative of a wider trend.

最近发生的事件代表了一个更大的趋势。

including examples of all the different types of something in a group

The pollsters asked a [representative sample](bold) of New York residents for their opinions.

民意调查员向一些有代表性的纽约居民征询了意见。

a representative system of government allows people to vote for other people to represent them in the government

〔政体〕代表制的，代议制的


repress

to stop yourself from doing something you want to do

Brenda repressed the urge to shout at him.

布伦达克制住朝他吼的冲动。

if someone represses upsetting feelings, memories etc, they do not allow themselves to express or think about them

压抑，克制，抑制〔痛苦的情感、回忆等〕

He had long ago repressed the painful memories of his childhood.

他长久压抑着儿时的痛苦记忆。

The police were widely criticized for their role in repressing the protest movement.

警方因为他们在镇压抗议活动时所扮演的角色而广受批评。


repression

when someone does not allow themselves to express feelings or desires which they are ashamed of, especially sexual ones – used when you think someone should express these feelings

〔对性爱或性欲等羞于表达的感情或欲望的〕抑制，克制，压抑

cruel and severe control of a large group of people

brutal repression of members of the Communist party


reproduce

if an animal or plant reproduces, or reproduces itself, it produces young plants or animals

The turtles return to the coast to reproduce.

to make a photograph or printed copy of something

Klimt’s artwork is reproduced in this exquisite book.

这本精美的书里翻印了克里木特的艺术作品。

to make something happen in the same way as it happened before

British scientists have so far been unable to reproduce these results.

英国科学家至今未能再次得出同样的结果。

to make something that is just like something else

With a good set of speakers, you can reproduce the orchestra’s sound in your own home.

有一套好的扬声器，就可以在家里重现管弦乐队的音响效果。


reproduction

ˌriːprəˈdʌkʃən◂

ˌriːprəˈdʌkʃən◂

the act or process of producing babies, young animals, or plants

Scientists studied the reproduction, diet, and health of the dolphins.

科学家研究了海豚的繁殖情况、进食规律和健康状况。

the act of producing a copy of a book, picture, piece of music etc

Unauthorized reproduction of this publication is strictly forbidden.

a copy of a work of art, piece of furniture etc

〔艺术品、家具等的〕复制品

a reproduction of Vincent Van Gogh’s ‘Sunflowers’

文森特·凡·高《向日葵》的复制品

仿路易十四时期风格的一张餐桌


republic

a country governed by elected representatives of the people, and led by a president, not a king or queen

→see THESAURUS at [government](->government)

Nine republics took part in the referendum.

有九个共和国参加了全民公决。


repulsive

extremely unpleasant, in a way that almost makes you feel sick

很多人觉得鼻涕虫让人恶心。

repulsive forces push objects away from each other


reputation

the opinion that people have about a person, organization etc because of what has happened in the past

She was a good lawyer with a reputation for honesty and diligence.

The lawsuit has damaged the company’s reputation.

the idea that people have about what something is like, especially when this is created through newspaper stories, advertising etc

A PR campaign was launched in an effort to improve the company’s image.

The princess tried to project an image of herself as serious and hard-workingshe tried to give people the idea that she was serious and hard-working.

the reputation that a person, organization etc has – used especially in the following phrases

The company is anxious to protect its good name.

Cyclists who ignore traffic rules give other cyclists a bad name.

Electrolux has a name for making top quality vacuum cleaners.

He went to court in order to try to clear his name prove that he is innocent.

someone’s reputation and position compared to other people in a group or society, based on other people’s opinion of them

The class system in Great Britain encourages people to be very aware of their social standing.

He needs to improve his standing among female voters.

Jacques Tati was a man of international standing in the world of screen comedy.

the good reputation that a company, organization, group etc has, which makes people respect and admire them

the prestige of a carmaker such as Rolls-Royce

Does Stanford University carry the same prestige as Harvard or Yale?

Hosting the Olympic Games would enhance our country’s international prestige.

The teaching profession has lost the prestige it had in the past.

the importance and respect that a person or organization has, because of their achievements or their influence

As he got older, Picasso’s stature as an artist increased.

The party’s stature has increased in recent years.

The law firm has an excellent reputation.

also: gain/acquire a reputation (formal)

Over the years, the company has gained a reputation for making quality products.

I didn’t want to get a reputation as a troublemaker.

As a young publisher, she earned a reputation for toughness.

France deserves its reputation for good food.

New York certainly lived up to its reputation as an exciting city.

(=make people accept that you are good at doing something)

By then Picasso was already establishing his reputation as an artist.

The performance enhanced his reputation as one of our most promising young actors.

Our business has built a reputation for reliable service.

She wouldn’t do anything to damage her family’s reputation.

His reputation was tarnished by allegations that he had taken bribes.

The accusation ruined her reputation and cost her the election.

The university has a very good reputation.

The city doesn’t deserve its bad reputation.

He was also an historian with a considerable reputation.

The department has a worldwide reputation for its research.

(=one that makes people have a lot of respect for someone or something, or be afraid of them)

After the meeting, I understood why he had such a formidable reputation.

(=a good one that others would like to have)

The company has established an enviable reputation for quality.

Ronaldo’s performances earned him a deserved reputation as a terrific footballer.

She has an undeserved reputation for being difficult, but really it's just her manner.

the opinion that people have about someone or something because of what has happened in the past

Judge Kelso has a reputation for being strict but fair.

凯尔索法官以严格公正著称。

In her last job she gained a reputation as a hard worker.

她做上一份工作时赢得了勤奋的好口碑。


request

The request was first submitted a number of months ago.

He has put in a request for two weeks' holiday.

Diana was happy to agree to his request.

He rejected their request for a meeting.

This request was turned down because of the cost.

They had received two urgent requests for assistance.

After carefully considering this request, the council rejected it.

Thank you to those who responded to our request for information last month.

They ignored repeated requests to leave the property.

The government made a formal request for food aid.

The family made an urgent request on television for help in finding their daughter.

If you wish to take you child on holiday during the school term, you must make a formal written request.

The bank would not reveal its figures, despite repeated requests.

→see THESAURUS at [question](->question) 1

They have made an urgent request for international aid.

requests from customers for more information

Anderson repeated his request that we postpone the meeting.

安德森再次要求我们把会议延期。

at sb’s request (=because someone asked for it to be done)

The study was done at the request of the Chairman.

这项研究是应主席要求进行的。

Further details will be sent on request.

There were no flowers at the funeral, by request.

按照要求，葬礼上没有摆花。

a piece of music that is played on the radio because someone has asked for it


request

to ask for something in a polite or formal way

To request more information, please call our toll-free number.

欲知详情，请拨打我们的免费电话。

You have to request permission if you want to take any photographs.

The prosecution has requested that all charges against Hodgkins be dropped.

控方要求撤销对霍奇金斯的所有指控。

All club members are requested to attend the annual meeting.

俱乐部全体会员均须出席年会。

The Police Committee requested a grant from the Government to cover the extra expense.

警务委员会请求政府拨款承担这笔额外的费用。

You [request](bold)  something: I requested permission to leave early.

In everyday English, you [request that](bold)  someone [does](bold)  something: They [request that](bold) he [finishes](bold) the work by Friday.

In more formal English, you [request that](bold)  someone [do](bold)  something, using the base form of the verb (= the infinitive without ‘to’) : She [requested that](bold) she [be](bold) allowed to leave.

You say that someone[ is requested to do](bold)  something. This pattern is used especially on official notices and announcements: Passengers are requested not to throw things out of the window.


require

[Require](bold)  is not used in the progressive. You say: The project requires considerable investment.
Don’t say: [The project is requiring considerable investment.](strike)

[v](bold) <[T not in progressive](bold)>

Campbell’s broken leg will probably require surgery.

坎贝尔的一条腿骨折，可能需要手术。

What’s required is a complete reorganization of the system.

需要做的是彻底整顿整个系统。

Most houseplants require regular watering.

大多数室内盆栽植物需要定期浇水。

[Require](bold)  is used especially in written English. In everyday English, people usually say [need](bold) :

His leg will probably [need](bold) surgery.

if you are required to do or have something, a law or rule says you must do it or have it

〔法律或规则〕要求，规定

You are required by law to wear a seat belt.

Regulations require that students attend at least 90% of the lectures.

规定要求学生至少要达到90%的听课率。

The bill failed to get the required number of votes.

法案没有得到规定的票数。


requirement

We finally found a house that seemed to meet all of our requirements.

Our aim is to satisfy our customers’ requirements.

(=have or do what a rule or law says is necessary)

Failure to comply with these requirements is a criminal offence.

Because the regulations impose new requirements on small businesses, they will prove costly.

(=be suitable for someone in a particular situation)

You could design and build your own house to suit your requirements.

He modified the car to suit his own special requirements.

Confidence is an essential requirement for success.

That certificate is a minimum requirement for entry to music college.

There is no legal requirement to carry identity papers.

All companies are required to meet Health and Safety requirements.

(=the skills, qualifications etc you must have in order to enter a school, university, or country, or to do a course)

Applicants must satisfy the normal entry requirements for the programme.

(=the amount of energy a place or person needs)

65 percent of the country’s energy requirements were met by imported oil.

The old school building is now surplus to requirements.

something that someone needs or asks for

The refugees’ main requirements are food and shelter.

难民的主要需求是食物和住所。

Potatoes can provide one-third of our daily requirement of vitamin C.

马铃薯所提供的维生素C能达到我们每日所需量的三分之一。

[meet/fulfil/satisfy a requirement](bold)(=have or do what is necessary)

The new computer system will meet all our requirements.

新计算机系统将满足我们的全部要求。

[surplus to requirements](bold) BrE(=more than is needed)

The increase in gas-fired power stations means traditional coal ones are becoming surplus to requirements.

燃气发电站的增多意味着传统燃煤发电站出现过剩。

something that must be done because of a law or rule

〔法律或规则的〕规定，要求

If you are installing a new bathroom, it has to [meet](bold) the [requirements](bold) of the Building Regulations.

建新的浴室必须符合《建筑法规》的规定。

Two measures have been introduced as [legal requirements](bold).

已有两项措施作为法定要求实施。

something, especially good examination results, that a college, employer etc says you must have in order to do something

〔大学、雇主等的〕要求，条件

English 4 is a requirement for English majors.

达到英语四级水平是对英语专业学生的要求。

To find out about [entry requirements](bold) for students, write to the college admissions board.

若想了解入学条件，请致信大学招生办事处。

The [minimum requirement](bold) for the post was a degree in engineering.

这个职位的基本要求是具有工程学学位。


rescue

to remove someone from a dangerous, difficult, or unpleasant situation

Firefighters worked for two hours to rescue people from the building.

Will you rescue me if I get stuck talking to Sam?

It was an embarrassing moment, but fortunately Paul came to the rescue.

Several people saw I was in trouble, but no one came to my rescue.

to prevent someone from being killed, harmed, or losing something, or to make it possible for something to continue

Wearing a seat belt can help save your life.

If you break down in the desert, there is no one there to save you.

to rescue someone from a dangerous place by taking them away in a boat or aircraft

A lifeboat picked them up two miles from the coast.

They spent the night near the top of the mountain, before being picked up by a helicopter.

to rescue a person, company etc from a difficult situation, by providing them with the money they need

A number of state-owned enterprises have been bailed out by the central bank.

He owed thousands of pounds and his mother had to bail him out.

to save someone or something from a situation of danger or harm

Survivors of the crash were rescued by helicopter.

空难的生还者被直升机救了出来。

She died trying to rescue her children from the blaze.

她试图从大火中救出自己的孩子，却不幸身亡。


rescue

A woman is in hospital following a dramatic rescue from her blazing flat.

The lifeboat crew has been honoured for a daring rescue on the Cleveland coast.

The stormy conditions made it impossible to mount a rescue.

One fire fighter was severely burned in the rescue attempt.

A major rescue operation was launched yesterday after two divers were reported missing.

Rescue workers are searching through the rubble for survivors.

He was still conscious when the rescue team arrived.

(=plan to save a company, economy etc that is in trouble)

They drew up a rescue plan that involved restructuring the firm.

when someone or something is rescued from danger

Storms delayed the rescue of the crash victims.

Rescue workers arrived at the scene two hours later.

to save someone who is in a dangerous situation

A lifeboat came to the yachtsman’s rescue.

to help someone who is having problems or difficulties

救助（某人），（给某人）救急

Carol’s brother came to the rescue and sent her $1000.


research

rɪˈsɜːtʃ, ˈriːsɜːtʃ

careful detailed work that is done in order to find out more about a subject, especially as a part of a scientific or academic project

Billions of dollars have been spent on research into the causes and treatment of cancer.

The University has for a long time been a leading centre for research in this field.

the studies that have been done on a particular subject

Faraday is famous for his work on electricity.

A lot of work has been done on hydrogen-powered cars.

Their work had an enormous influence on the study of genetics.

a piece of work in which someone examines a particular subject in order to find out more about it, and writes about what they have found

The study showed that 25 percent of adults do not eat breakfast at all, compared with 14 percent in 1961.

Recent studies suggest that our sense of smell is closely linked with the part of the brain that deals with memory.

a scientific test in order to find out what happens when you do something

They carried out a series of experimentsthey did a series of experiments in order to try to prove their theory.

Experiments have shown that there is an increased risk of some forms of cancer.

The research was carried out by a team of scientists at Edinburgh University.

Little research has been conducted into the subject.

They are planning to undertake research into the genetic causes of the disease.

Our conclusions are based on scientific research.

The charity raises money for medical research.

This is a fascinating piece of historical research.

(=the most important or most necessary area of research)

He wants to conduct basic research into the nature of human cells.

(=research that examines a lot of information and details)

Extensive research has proved the theory wrong.

She spent years carrying out painstaking historical research.

(=research that produces completely new information)

Watson did pioneering research on the long-term effects of dieting.

The research project will be funded by the Medical Research Council.

(=what is discovered by a piece of research)

He will present his research findings at the conference.

Doctor Fox received world-wide acclaim for her research work on breast cancer.

The professor will head a research team working on the effects of climatic change on agriculture.

This is a very exciting area of research.

A recent piece of research shows why marriages break up.

(=results from several pieces of research)

There is a large body of research which indicates that passive smoking causes cancer.

[n](bold) <[U](bold)> also: [researches](bold) <[plural](bold)> (formal)

serious study of a subject, in order to discover new facts or test new ideas

〔对某一主题的〕研究，探索

Gould was helped in his researches by local naturalists.

古尔德在研究过程中得到了当地博物学家的帮助。

the activity of finding information about something that you are interested in or need to know about

〔对感兴趣或需要了解之事的〕研究，调查

It’s a good idea to [do](bold) some [research](bold) before you buy a house.

买房子之前作些了解，这想法很对。


research

to study a subject in detail, especially in order to discover new facts or test new ideas

He’s been researching material for a documentary.

他一直在研究材料，准备做一个纪录片。

Ten years ago I began researching into the role of women in trade unions.

十年前我开始研究妇女在工会里的地位。

In everyday English, people often use the expression [do research](bold)  rather than the verb [to research](bold) :

She’s been [doing some research](bold) into the history of the area.

to get all the necessary facts and information for something

（为 …）进行研究，搜集资料

This book has been very well researched.

该书是在搜集了大量资料的基础上写成的。


researcher

someone who studies a subject in detail in order to discover new facts or test new ideas

Researchers have found links between stress and heart disease.

研究人员已经发现了压力与心脏病的联系。


resemblance

The vase bore a close resemblance to one owned by my mother.

This slender, feathery herb has a strong resemblance to fennel.

There's a striking resemblance between the two boys.

Everyone notices the remarkable resemblance between Mathilda and Anne.

I'd always thought that Jo and Freddie had an uncanny resemblance.

Don't you think she has a slight resemblance to that blonde singer in Abba?

There was no more than a passing resemblance between the sisters.

(=when something seems to look like something else, but is in fact quite different)

Its spines give it a superficial resemblance to a hedgehog.

People often commented on his physical resemblance to his father.

I couldn't detect any family resemblance.

People said he bore a striking resemblance to the president.

He bore little resemblance to the photograph in the newspaper.

(=they are not similar in any other way)

They are both strong-minded women, but there the resemblance ends.

if there is a resemblance between two people or things, they are similar, especially in the way they look

〔尤指外观的〕相似，类似

The resemblance between Susan and her sister was remarkable.

苏珊和她的姐姐十分相像。

[bear a (close/striking/uncanny etc) resemblance to sb/sth](bold)(=look like)

Tina bears a striking resemblance to her mother.

[bear little/no resemblance to sb/sth](bold)

What happens in the film bears little resemblance to what actually happened.

电影里的情节和真实故事几乎毫无相似之处。


resemble

[Resemble](bold)  is not used in the progressive. You say: The flower resembles a rose.
Don’t say: [The flower is resembling a rose.](strike)

This poem closely resembles an earlier one.

The ancient tools discovered in Ethiopia strongly resemble those found in Tanzania.

I heard a weird sound vaguely resembling the bark of a dog.

(=nothing at all like something or as good as something)

Nothing remotely resembling a cure has been found.

The building resembled nothing so much as giant beehive.

to look like or be similar to someone or something

It’s amazing how [closely](bold) Brian and Steve [resemble](bold) each other.

布赖恩和史蒂夫真是惊人地相像。


resent

to feel angry or upset about a situation or about something that someone has done, especially because you think that it is not fair

〔因受委屈而〕对 …感到愤恨[不满，憎恶]

I resented having to work such long hours.

工作时间这么长，我很有怨气。

She bitterly resented his mother’s influence over him.

她十分讨厌他母亲对他的影响。

Paul [resented the fact that](bold) Carol didn’t trust him.

保罗非常气愤，因为卡萝尔不信任他。


resentment

My father's favourite was my younger sister, and I'd always borne him some resentment for this.

You obviously harbour some resentment against your ex-boyfriend.

The special arrangements for overseas students caused resentment among the other students.

These misunderstandings had bred resentment.

The terms of his contract aroused deep resentment among the other players.

The soldiers' presence has created deep resentment.

Heavy-handed policing caused bitter resentment.

There was great resentment among the workforce.

(=felt by a lot of people or in many places)

The actions of the police during the miners' strike caused widespread resentment.

Soon growing resentment against foreigners erupted into violence.

(=resentment that is felt for a long time but not expressed)

The unrest highlighted the smouldering resentment in France's poor neighbourhoods.

a feeling of anger because something has happened that you think is unfair

She was filled with [deep resentment](bold) at being passed over for promotion.

没被考虑升职，她感到很气愤。

He felt considerable resentment towards Sheila for making him work late.

希拉让他工作到这么晚，他很不满。


reservation

ˌrezəˈveɪʃən

We have a reservation for seven o'clock.

We will send you an email to confirm your reservation.

She called the restaurant and cancelled the reservations.

I'd forgotten to make a dinner reservation.

Make sure you have an airline reservation before booking the hotel.

I did not think it wise to express my reservations.

Despite some reservations, I recommend this book.

They had serious reservations about the plan.

Five of the committee members expressed strong reservations about the product's safety.

We have considerable reservations about the government's economic proposals.

I voted "yes", although I had a few minor reservations

We have major reservations about his ability to do the job.

an arrangement which you make so that a place in a hotel, restaurant, plane etc is kept for you at a particular time in the future

Customers are advised to [make](bold) seat [reservations](bold) well in advance.

a feeling of doubt because you do not agree completely with a plan, idea, or suggestion

[have/express reservations (about sth)](bold)

I had [serious reservations](bold) about his appointment as captain.

我对任命他为船长持郑重的保留态度。

We condemn their actions [without reservation](bold)(=completely).

我们严厉谴责他们的行为。

an area of land in the US kept separate for Native Americans to live on

〔美国印第安人的〕居留地，保留地

an area of land where wild animals can live without being hunted


reserve

to arrange for a place in a hotel, restaurant, plane etc to be kept for you to use at a particular time in the future

我想预订一张两人的餐桌。

Do you have to reserve tickets in advance?

to keep something so that it can be used by a particular person or for a particular purpose

〔为某个人或某种用途〕保留，留出

A separate room is reserved for smokers.

另有一个房间留给吸烟者用。

to keep part of something for use at a later time during a process – used especially when describing how to cook something

留出〔一部分稍后使用，尤用于描述烹调过程〕

Reserve a little of the mixture to sprinkle over the top of the pie.

留一点配好的混合料撒在馅饼上。

to use or show something only in one particular situation

She spoke in a tone of voice she usually reserved for dealing with officials.

她以通常与官员打交道时才用的语气说话。

if you reserve the right to do something, you will do it if you think it is necessary – used especially in notices or official documents

保留做某事的权利〔尤用于通知或官方文件〕

The management reserves the right to refuse admission.

管理层保留拒绝录用的权利。

to not give your opinion about something until a later time when you have more information


reserve

a supply of something kept to be used if it is needed

1,000万美元的现金储备

Somehow Debbie maintained an inner reserve of strength.

黛比设法保持着内心的意志力。

We always [keep](bold) some money [in reserve](bold), just in case.

我们总是备着一些钱以防万一。

a quality in someone’s character that makes them not like expressing their emotions or talking about their problems

She overcame her own [natural reserve](bold).

她克服了沉默寡言的天性。

an extra player who plays in a team if one of the other players is injured or ill

a team that plays when the usual team cannot do so

an extra military force that a country has in addition to its usual army, navy etc which can be used if needed

预备役部队，后备军，后备部队

an area of land where wild animals and plants are protected

a price below which something will not be sold, especially in an auction

〔尤指拍卖时的〕底价，最低价


reserved

unwilling to express your emotions or talk about your problems

埃伦是个腼腆、寡言的姑娘。


reservoir

a lake, especially an artificial one, where water is stored before it is supplied to people’s houses

a large amount of something that is available and has not yet been used

She found she had reservoirs of unexpected strength.

她发现自己潜藏着意想不到的力量。

a part of a machine or engine where a liquid is kept before it is used


reside

He spent most of his time in Rutherglen, where his family resided.

他大部分时间都在拉瑟格伦度过，他的家人就在那里居住。


residence

a house, especially a large or official one

住宅，住所；〔尤指〕宅邸，官邸

the ambassador’s [official residence](bold)

legal permission to live in a country for a certain period of time

〔在某国的〕居住权，居留许可

Jeff has permanent residence in Canada, but is still a US citizen.

杰夫有加拿大的永久居留权，但仍然是美国公民。

Rome was his main [place of residence](bold).

an artist etc who has been officially chosen by a college or other institution to work there

〔大学或其他机构正式聘用的〕常驻艺术家/作家等

The emperor was in residence at his summer palace.

〔在特定时期〕住在某地的


resident

someone who lives or stays in a particular place

a doctor working at a hospital where he or she is being trained


resident

〔在某地〕居住的，居留的

Many retired British people are now resident in Spain.

许多退休的英国人现在住在西班牙。

living or working in a particular place or institution

〔在某处或某机构〕居住[工作]的

The resident population of mental hospitals has fallen by 20%.

精神病院的住院人数减少了20%。

belonging to a particular group of people – used humorously

He’s our [resident expert](bold) on computer games.

他是我们这儿的电脑游戏专家。


residential

a residential part of a town consists of private houses, with no offices or factories

relating to homes rather than offices or businesses

telephone services for residential customers

if you are on a residential course, you are living in the institution where you are studying


residual

remaining after a process, event etc is finished

[residual income](bold)(=the money left from what you earn after you have paid your taxes)


residue

a substance that remains on a surface, in a container etc and cannot be removed easily, or that remains after a chemical process

The flies [leave](bold) a sticky [residue](bold) on crops.

苍蝇在庄稼上留下黏糊糊的分泌物。

the part of something that is left after the rest has gone or been taken away


resign

He later resigned his post as Minister of Energy.

(=announce that you will no longer be a member of a parliament, be on a committee etc)

A majority of voters think he should resign his seat in Congress.

Richard Nixon resigned the presidency in 1974.

Mr Hunt announced that he has resigned his chairmanship of the committee.

He recently resigned his membership of the National Rifle Association.

to officially announce that you have decided to leave your job or an organization

辞职；放弃〔工作或职位〕

She resigned from the government last week.

上星期她辞去了政府部门的工作。

He resigned as governor of Punjab in August.

他在8月份辞去了旁遮普邦总督的职务。

[resign your post/seat/position etc](bold)

Tom has since resigned his membership of the golf club.

汤姆从那以后就退出了高尔夫球俱乐部。

to make yourself accept something that is bad but cannot be changed

使自己顺从于（做）某事；安于〔无法改变的不愉快状况〕

Josh resigned himself to the long walk home.

乔希只好走很长的路回家。

At sixteen, I resigned myself to the fact that I’d never be a dancer.

16岁的时候，我不得不接受这个事实——我永远也成不了舞蹈演员。


resignation

ˌrezɪɡˈneɪʃən

ˌrezɪɡˈneɪʃən

After the defeat, there were calls for the coach's resignation.

His political opponents demanded his resignation.

(=say that you are going to leave an organization)

I'm thinking of handing in my resignation.

also: tender/submit your resignation (formal)

Claire apologized and offered her resignation.

On the Monday afternoon, Sir John tendered his resignation to the Queen.

The prime minister reluctantly accepted his resignation.

Initially, his resignation was rejected.

He offered his resignation but it was turned down by the prime minister.

(=say that you will not leave, after having said you would)

The president persuaded him to withdraw his resignation.

He immediately wrote a letter of resignation.

an occasion when you officially announce that you have decided to leave your job or an organization, or a written statement that says you will be leaving

Further resignations are expected later this week.

本周后半周会有更多人辞职。

when someone calmly accepts a situation that cannot be changed, even though it is bad

He accepted her decision with resignation.

他无可奈何地接受了她的决定。


resist

He resisted the temptation to look back.

Bob resisted the urge to touch her hand.

Bond could never resist the lure of a beautiful woman.

Mr Taylor is a man who cannot resist a challenge.

He was unable to resist the temptation to smoke.

The temptation to follow them was hard to resist.

The urge to give him a hug was almost impossible to resist.

The Chancellor resisted pressure to increase taxes.

The rest of the board resisted his attempts to change the way things were done.

People resist change because they fear the unknown.

Barcelona strongly resisted moves by rival clubs to sign their star players.

The proposed change has been fiercely resisted by car companies.

They stubbornly resisted all attempts to modernize the factory.

He successfully resisted a challenge to his leadership.

to stop yourself from having something that you like very much or doing something that you want to do

我就是抵挡不住巧克力的诱惑。

她永远抵挡不住买新鞋子的诱惑。

[it is hard/difficult/impossible to resist sth](bold)

It’s hard to resist an invitation like that.

这样的邀请是难以拒绝的。

[resist the temptation/urge to do sth](bold)

They only wanted 3 dollars for it, so how could I resist?

他们只要3美元，我怎能不买？

to try to prevent a change from happening, or prevent yourself from being forced to do something

For months the company has resisted changing its accounts system.

几个月来，公司一直拒绝改变其账务系统。

The proposal was strongly resisted by the police.

这个建议遭到警方的强烈反对。

to use force to stop something from happening

〔用武力〕反抗，抵御，抵抗

Demonstrators violently resisted attempts to remove them from the building.

示威者对想将他们赶出大楼的人进行了顽强的抵抗。

He was charged with trying to [resist arrest](bold).

to not be changed or harmed by something


resistance

→ [passive resistance](->passive resistance)

He prepared for strong resistance to the changes.

The city government is facing some stiff resistance.

The proposals met with considerable resistance from our American colleagues.

Endeavours to change their religion had provoked fierce resistance.

The stubborn resistance of the people remains an inspiring example.

The threat of invasion drew the Greek cities together in heroic resistance to the Persians.

(=a way of protesting against something or opposing a government without using violence)

Suffragettes resorted to passive resistance as the only weapon at their disposal.

If the rest of us are agreed, I don’t think he’ll put up much resistance.

The demonstrators offered no resistance.

Attempts to modify the curriculum have met with strong resistance in many colleges.

The troops advanced swiftly, encountering only minor resistance.

How can he overcome resistance to the idea in Congress?

He added that any resistance would be crushed.

(=all the people who work together to resist military forces controlling their country)

Members of the resistance movement were arrested and shot.

Resistance fighters had captured a German officer.

a refusal to accept new ideas or changes

〔对新观念或改变的〕反对，抗拒

The no-smoking policy was introduced with little resistance from staff.

禁烟政策的推行几乎没有受到员工的反对。

fighting against someone who is attacking you

〔对进攻者的〕抵御，抵抗

Rebel gunmen have put up strong resistance.

持枪的叛乱分子负隅顽抗。

the natural ability of a person, animal, or plant to stop diseases or difficult conditions from harming them

the way in which wind, air, or water can cause a moving object such as a car, plane, or boat to slow down

风阻力/空气阻力/水阻力

the ability of a substance to stop the flow of an electric current through it

an organization that secretly fights against an enemy that controls their country

〔反抗敌军占领的〕抵抗组织

if you follow the path of least resistance, you avoid making difficult decisions and choose the easiest solution to a problem – often used to show disapproval

〔在困境中采取的〕最简便的方法〔常含贬义〕

Many people don’t make changes because they’re [following the path of least resistance](bold).

许多人因为贪图安逸，不愿意改变现状。

Kirk always just [takes the line of least resistance](bold).

柯克总是怎么省力怎么来。


resistant

an infection that’s resistant to antibiotics

opposed to something and wanting to prevent it from happening


resolution

ˌrezəˈluːʃən

ˌrezəˈluːʃən

The Security Council passed a resolution condemning the country’s aggression.

The resolution was adopted by 12 votes to none.

The National Assembly rejected the resolution.

propose/introduce/put forward a resolution

The resolution was proposed by the chairman of the committee.

Siddall tabled a resolution asking for the Board’s approval of the Five Year Business Plan.

Are there any comments you wish to make before we vote on this resolution?

We support the EU resolution calling for a ban on the use of these fishing nets.

The UN Security Council tabled a resolution condemning the invasion.

a formal decision or statement agreed on by a group of people, especially after a vote

〔尤指投票后作出的〕决议，正式决定

The resolution was passed by a two-thirds majority.

这项决议以三分之二多数票通过。

a [resolution calling for](bold) a ban on dumping nuclear waste

要求禁止倾倒核废物的决议

They have failed to comply with the resolution.

when someone solves a problem, argument, or difficult situation

〔问题、争论或困难的〕解决

a forum for the resolution of commercial disputes

探讨如何解决商业纠纷的论坛

Carol [made](bold) a [resolution](bold) to work harder at school.

卡萝尔下决心要更用功地学习。

[New Year’s resolution](bold)(=a resolution made on January 1st)

Then, with sudden resolution, she stood up.

然后，她突然很坚决地站了起来。

the power of a television, camera,microscope etc to give a clear picture

〔电视、相机、显微镜等的〕清晰度，分辨率

[high/low resolution](bold)(=how clear or unclear the picture is)