expose

to show something that is usually covered or hidden

显露，露出〔通常遮盖或隐藏的东西〕

He lifted his T-shirt to expose a jagged scar across his chest.

他撩起T恤衫，露出横贯胸部的锯齿状伤疤。

Potatoes turn green when exposed to light.

马铃薯不避光保存的话会变绿。

to put someone in a situation where they are not protected from something dangerous or unpleasant

使暴露〔于险境〕，使置身〔于危险〕当中

The report revealed that workers had been exposed to high levels of radiation.

报告披露工人们受到了高强度的辐射。

[expose yourself to ridicule/criticism etc](bold)(=say or do something that may make people laugh at you, criticize you etc)

to show the truth about someone or something, especially when it is bad

The film exposes the utter horror of war.

这部电影揭示了战争的极端恐怖。

The report [exposes](bold) the [weaknesses](bold) of modern medical practice.

报道揭露了现代医疗的不足之处。

The baron was exposed as a liar and a cheat.

这个工商业巨头说谎和欺骗的真面目被揭穿了。

to make it possible for someone to experience new ideas, ways of life etc

Some children are never exposed to classical music.

有些孩子从来没有接触过古典音乐。

if a man exposes himself, he shows his sexual organs to someone he does not know in a public place, usually because he is mentally ill

〔男性通常因病态心理〕当众露阴

to allow light onto a piece of film in a camera in order to take a photograph

to show other people feelings that you usually hide, especially when this is not planned

〔尤指无意中〕露出，显露〔感情〕

I’m afraid I might expose my real feelings for him.

恐怕我会流露出对他的真实感情。


express

Everyone who attends the meeting will be given the opportunity to express their opinions.

He felt unable to express his feelings in a letter.

Many property developers have expressed an interest in buying the land.

Financial analysts have expressed concern about the possibility of a recession.

(=say thank you to someone, in a speech)

On behalf of the team, I’d like to express our appreciation for all your efforts.

(=say or show that you are not sure whether something is true or right)

Environmentalists began to express doubts about the benefits of biofuels.

‘I don’t believe he could hurt anyone,’ she said, expressing her surprise.

Teachers have expressed anger at the government’s education reforms.

(=say or show that you are very sad, especially because someone you love has died)

She searched for further words to express her grief, but could find none.

(=say that you feel sorry for someone who is in a bad situation)

I wrote to his widow expressing our sympathy and sending her our condolences.

Throughout the trial, his legal team expressed confidence in the outcome.

Nadia expressed her hopes about remaining in San Diego County with her two children.

(=say that you support someone or something)

The Israeli leader expressed his support for the U.S. plan.

(=say that you oppose someone or something)

Local people have expressed their opposition to plans for a new airport.

(=say or show that you are willing to do something)

The unions expressed a willingness to have talks with the employers.

(=express a feeling in a way that is obvious to other people)

They expressed their anger openly in the meeting.

(=express an idea or opinion in a way that other people can understand)

He is very confident and finds it easy to express himself.

The debate will give MPs an opportunity to express their views in detail.

(=it is impossible to describe something)

Words can’t express how much I miss her.

to tell or show what you are feeling or thinking by using words, looks, or actions

Bill’s not afraid to express his opinions.

比尔并不害怕表达自己的观点。

Parents have [expressed](bold) their [concerns about](bold) their children’s safety.

父母对自己孩子的安全表示忧虑。

She [expressed](bold) an [interest in](bold) seeing York.

Express your reasons for applying in simple terms.

She doesn’t express her emotions as much as he does.

她不像他那样经常表露自己的情感。

[express thanks/gratitude (for sth) (to sb)](bold)(=thank someone in a speech or by writing a letter)

Finally, I’d like to express my sincere thanks to all those who have helped today.

最后，我想对今天给予帮助的所有人表示诚挚的感谢。

The USA expressed reservations before agreeing to sign the agreement.

美国在同意签署协议之前表明了疑虑。

Many people have [expressed](bold) their [opposition to](bold) the proposals.

express yourself (=say what you think or feel)

Young children often have difficulty expressing themselves.

幼儿常常很难将自己的想法清楚地表达出来。

He first learnt to [express](bold) himself [through](bold) movement at his dance classes.

他最初是在舞蹈班学会通过动作表达情感的。

Words [can’t express](bold)(=it is impossible to describe) how angry we felt.

to show or describe a particular feeling

Many of Munch’s paintings express a deep feeling of despair.

蒙克的许多画作都表达了一种深深的绝望。

if something expresses itself, it becomes noticeable

Religious faith expresses itself in a variety of ways.

宗教信仰有各种各样的表现形式。

to change an amount or quantity into a different form, especially in mathematics

The value of the coffee becomes significantly higher when expressed in foreign currency.

这种咖啡换成外币表示价格会高很多。

if a woman expresses milk, she presses milk out of her breast in order to feed it to her baby later


express

The school was founded with the [express purpose](bold) of teaching deaf children.

这所学校是专门为教授失聪儿童而创办的。

He is not to leave without my express permission.

没有我的明确准许他就不得离开。

Matthew left express instructions to keep all doors locked.

马修明确指示过要把门都锁好。

a train or bus that does not stop at many places and can therefore travel more quickly

特快列车/长途汽车/公共汽车

a system that delivers letters and packages very quickly

designed to help you move through a place more quickly

an express line at a supermarket (=where people with only a few things to buy go to pay)


express

a train or bus that does not stop in many places and therefore travels quickly

〔火车或公共汽车的〕快车

[London–Gatwick Express/Orient Express](bold)(=a fast train or bus which does a particular journey regularly)

a post service that delivers letters and packages very quickly


express

to send or deliver a letter, package etc quickly using a special post service


expression

a look on someone’s face that shows what they are thinking or feeling

His expression became more serious as he listened to her story.

He has a very different expression in the next picture.

an expression – used especially with adjectives that describe the expression. [Look](bold) sounds less formal than [expression](bold)

With a look of relief, he handed her the baby.

She gave me a dirty look a look that showed she was angry.

used when talking about someone’s expression, especially in the following phrases

The boys were making faces making strange, silly, or rude expressions which show that you dislike someonethrough the window.

the expression on your face when you move your eyebrows together because you are angry, unhappy, or confused

With a frown, she asked, ‘So what’s wrong with that?’

an expression in which your mouth curves upwards, when you are being friendly or are happy or amused

There was a scowl of irritation on his face.

He gave her a furious glare, but said nothing.

an expression you make by twisting your face because you do not like something or because you are feeling pain

His face twisted into a grimace of anguish.

an expression that shows you have no respect for something or someone

‘That’s what you said last time,’ she said with a sneer.

an expression in which you smile in an unpleasant way that shows you are pleased by someone else’s bad luck or that you think you are better than other people

He had a self-satisfied smirk on his face.

an expression in which you push out your lower lip because you are unhappy that you did not get what you want

‘You’re going away?’ she said with a pout.

(=the right to say what you think without being punished)

Student protestors who demanded greater freedom of expression were rounded up by police.

The military has not offered any expression of regret over the civilian loss of life.

There was no apology, no expression of sympathy for what Anna had suffered.

His release from prison provoked expressions of concern from members of the public.

She tried to protect the children from his expressions of anger.

(=the ability to say or write what you feel)

I tried to put my feelings down on paper, but my powers of expression failed me.

In the book, he gives expression to his political ideals.

Victor’s facial expression never changed.

(=one that shows no emotion, understanding, or interest)

The blank expression on Bobbie’s face gave way to anger.

She stood looking at me with an anxious expression.

(=one that shows you are in pain or feeling upset)

A pained expression crossed Rory’s face when he saw them together.

He didn’t need to speak – his shocked expression said it all.

(=one that shows you are confused or cannot understand something)

I can still recall Dan’s baffled expression when I asked him for an answer.

(=one that shows you are very strict or angry)

Aunty Kitty looked at us with a stern expression and ordered us indoors.

Her angry expression turned to one of utter despair.

I saw the serious expression on his little face and tried not to laugh.

(=one that shows you are thinking about something)

She listened to him with a thoughtful expression on her face.

‘It was so late,’ she continued with an innocent expression, ‘I had to stay the night.’

(=one that shows you are unable to think clearly, especially because of a shock or accident)

His clothes were torn and there was a dazed expression on his face.

(=one that shows you are not concentrating on the things around you)

From her glazed expression, he knew she had been taking drugs.

(=one that shows too much satisfaction with your own cleverness or success)

Peter was wearing an unbearably smug expression and waving the tickets in front of me.

She searched his face for answers, but his bland expression gave nothing away.

Their pilot wore an expression of extreme relief.

The child did not once cry or change her expression.

‘Does it really matter?’ Elizabeth asked, watching his expression closely.

I would have liked to see his expression when she told him.

(=understand how someone is feeling by looking at their expression)

In the half light, Ellen could not read his expression.

He had a very serious expression on his face.

I could tell by the expression on her face that she was angry.

I was surprised at the lack of expression on his face.

His face was totally devoid of expression, but I could sense his anger.

He looked at me with an expression of surprise.

'Pig out' is a common expression meaning 'to eat a lot'.

The old-fashioned expression 'in the family way' means to be pregnant.

Try to avoid using idiomatic expressions in an essay.

(=one in which words are not used with their literal meaning)

Many figurative expressions equate anger with heat.

He came out with some vulgar expressions that I couldn’t possibly repeat.

She remembered the American expression her mother had always used: 'Life’s a breeze'.

(=used when you have said a word or phrase that might offend someone)

After the climb, we were absolutely knackered, if you’ll pardon the expression.

Art is not just a means of expression, it is also a means of communication.

Music and painting are two completely different forms of expression.

(=expressing something as poetry or in literature)

The subject does not easily lend itself to poetic expression.

Charlie Parker took jazz to a new level of musical expression.

He firmly believes there are not enough outlets for artistic expression in our society.

(=expressing something in a creative way, for example in music or art)

They work with the children to encourage creative expression.

something you say, write, or do that shows what you think or feel

〔用口头、书面或行动的〕表达，表示，表露

I decided to go to the meeting as an expression of support.

我决定去参加会议以示支持。

[expression of sympathy/thanks/regret etc](bold)

The letter was a genuine expression of sympathy.

Student leaders are demanding greater [freedom of expression](bold)(=the right to say what you think without being punished).

[give (political/religious/artistic) expression to sth](bold)

The Socialist Party was founded to give political expression to the working classes.

Another writer who seeks to give expression to popular oral culture is José María Arguedas.

另一位寻求展现大众口头文化的作家是何塞·马里亚·阿格达斯。

There was a [blank expression on](bold) her [face](bold)(=no expression on her face).

In the photograph he seemed [devoid of](bold) facial [expression](bold)(=having no expression on his face).

在那张照片上，他看上去面无表情。

A [pained](bold)(=worried)[expression](bold) crossed her face.

a word or group of words with a particular meaning

→see THESAURUS at [phrase](->phrase) 1   →see THESAURUS at [word](->word) 1

The old-fashioned expression ‘in the family way’ means ‘pregnant’.

过时的词组in the family way的意思是“怀孕的”。

[pardon/forgive/excuse the expression](bold)(=used when you think you may offend someone by using particular words)

After the climb we were absolutely knackered, if you’ll pardon the expression.

爬完山我们都累得要死了——请原谅我的措辞。

when you put feeling or emotion into the music that you are making or into your acting

〔创作音乐或表演时的〕感情投入

a sign or group of signs that represent a mathematical idea or quantity


expressly

if you say something expressly, you say it very clearly and firmly

He was [expressly forbidden](bold) to speak to the girl.

他被明确禁止与那个女孩说话。

The building is expressly designed to conserve energy.

这座建筑经特别设计以节约能源。


exquisite

extremely beautiful and very delicately made

→see THESAURUS at [beautiful](->beautiful)

very sensitive and delicate in the way you behave or do things

exquisite pain or pleasure is felt very strongly


extend

to continue for a longer period of time, or to make something last longer

持续；延长，推延〔期限〕

→see THESAURUS at [increase](->increase) 1

Management have agreed to extend the deadline.

管理层已同意延长最后期限。

Some of our courses extend over two years.

我们有些课程修读期超过两年。

The government has extended the ban on the import of beef until June.

政府已经把进口牛肉的禁令延长至6月。

to continue for a particular distance or over a particular area

The River Nile extends as far south as Lake Victoria.

尼罗河一直往南延伸至维多利亚湖。

The shelf extends 20 cms from the bookcase.

to make a room, building, road etc bigger or longer

We plan to extend the kitchen by six feet.

我们打算把厨房扩建六英尺。

to affect or include people, things, or places

My duties at the school extend beyond just teaching.

我在学校的职责不只是教书。

The vote was extended to all women aged 21 and over in 1928.

to make something affect more people, situations, areas etc than before

British Coal is planning to extend its operations in Wales.

英国煤炭公司正计划扩展其在威尔士的业务。

We can extend our insurance cover to travel abroad.

我们可以把保险服务的范围扩大至海外旅游。

to officially offer someone help, sympathy, thanks etc

We’d like to [extend a warm welcome](bold) to our French visitors.

我们对法国客人的到来表示热烈欢迎。

I’d like to [extend](bold) my [thanks](bold) to all the catering staff.

我想对承办酒席的全体工作人员表示感谢。

The Coroner [extended](bold) his [sympathy](bold) to the victim’s family.

The Headteacher has [extended](bold) an [invitation](bold) to the prime minister to visit the school.

校长向首相发出了参观该学校的邀请。

The banks have decided to [extend credit](bold) to the company (=allow them to borrow more money).

这几家银行已决定继续向该公司提供贷款。

George [extended](bold) his [hand](bold)(=offered to shake hands).

to increase the number of points, games etc by which one person or team is ahead of other competitors

Manchester United [extended](bold) their [lead](bold) at the top of the table to 10 points.

if a table or ladder extends, it can be made longer

(使)〔桌子或梯子〕加长


extended

If you are going abroad for an [extended period of time](bold), you should consider renting your house out.

如果你要出国较长时间，应该考虑把房子租出去。


extension

the process of making a road, building etc bigger or longer, or the part that is added

〔道路、建筑等的〕扩建，延长，增建部分

the extension of the Jubilee underground line

another room or rooms which are added to a building

the planned extension to the National Museum

国家博物馆计划扩建的部分

an additional period of time allowed for something

Donald’s been given an extension to finish his thesis.

唐纳德获准延期完成他的论文。

The pub’s got an extension tonight (=it will stay open longer than usual).

the development of something in order to make it affect more people, situations, areas than before

the extension of the copyright laws to cover online materials

著作权法向网络内容的延伸

an extension of the powers of the European Parliament

one of many telephone lines connected to a central system in a large building, which all have different numbers

能帮我接316号分机吗？

Do you know Mr Brown’s [extension number](bold)?

你知道布朗先生的分机号码吗？

one of the telephones in a house that all have the same number

used when you want to mention something that is naturally related to something else

自然地，当然地〔用于提及另一自然相关的事物〕

My primary responsibility is to the pupils, and by extension to the teachers and parents.

我主要是对学生负责，当然也对教师和家长负责。

long pieces of artificial hair that can be attached to your hair to make it look longer

a set of three letters that follow the name of a computer file to show what it is. For example, the extension ‘.doc’ shows that a file is a written document.

〔计算机文件的〕扩展名，后缀名

the position of a part of the body when it is stretched, or the process of stretching it

part of a university or college that offers courses to people who are not full-time students

〔为非全日制学生开设的〕进修部


extensive

[extensively](bold) adv. eg: As a student, he travelled extensively in the Middle East.

广阔的；大量的；大规模的

Fire has caused extensive damage to the island’s forests.

大火严重毁坏了岛上的森林。

containing or dealing with a lot of information and details

Extensive research is being done into the connection between the disease and poor living conditions.

针对该疾病和恶劣居住条件之间联系的研究已全面展开。

The exhibition has received [extensive coverage](bold) in the national press.

这次展览会被全国媒体广泛报道。


extent

What you say is true to some extent, but it’s not the whole picture.

The materials we use will depend to a large extent on what is available.

Children suffer the effects of poor diet to a greater extent than adults.

The same is true for women, though to a lesser extent.

The affair affected his popularity to a considerable extent.

In the USA, and to a limited extent in Britain, the housing market is in recession.

He annoyed her to such an extent that she had to leave the room.

The roads were congested but not to the same extent as in London.

To what extent does cutting down trees contribute to climate change?

The report focused on the use of speed cameras, particularly the extent to which they reduced accidents.

He refused to reveal the full extent of his debts.

Rescue workers still do not know the true extent of the disaster.

We do not yet know the extent of the damage.

Other people didn’t seem to understand the extent of his disability.

We were shocked when we discovered the extent of the fraud.

assess/establish/determine the extent of sth

We are still trying to assess the extent of the problem.

These pictures show the extent of the devastation caused by the earthquake.

A report published by the government has revealed the extent of air pollution in the area.

used to say how true something is or how great an effect or change is

到 …程度；在 …程度上

[to a certain extent/to some extent/to an extent](bold)(=partly)

We all to some extent remember the good times and forget the bad.

我们在某种程度上都会记住美好时光而忘掉不愉快的事情。

我在一定程度上确实同意他的意见。

Its success will depend to a large extent on local attitudes.

此事的成功在很大程度上将取决于当地人的态度。

[to a lesser/greater extent](bold)(=less or more)

It will affect farmers in Spain and to a lesser extent in France.

这将影响到西班牙的农民，其次是法国农民。

They examined [the extent to which](bold)(=how much) age affected language-learning ability.

他们调查了年龄会在多大程度上影响语言学习能力。

[To what extent](bold)(=how much) did she influence his decision?

她在多大程度上影响了他的决定？

[to such an extent that/to the extent that](bold)(=so much that)

Violence increased to the extent that residents were afraid to leave their homes.

暴力事件猛增，居民们都不敢出门了。

how large, important, or serious something is, especially something such as a problem or injury

程度〔问题或伤势等的大小、重要性、严重性〕

Considering the extent of his injuries, he’s lucky to be alive.

就他的伤势来说，他能活下来真是够幸运的。

It’s too early to assess [the full extent of](bold) the damage.

要全面评估损失程度还为时过早。

They opened out the nets to their [full extent](bold).

The region is over 10,000 square kilometres in extent.

这个地区的面积超过10,000平方公里。


exterior

the outside of something, especially a building

〔尤指建筑物的〕外部，外观

The dome is tiled [on the exterior](bold).

behaviour that seems calm, unfriendly etc but which often hides a different feeling or attitude

Beneath that calm exterior, he has a fierce will to win.

他表面镇定，其实求胜心切。


exterior

[adj](bold) <[usually before noun](bold)>

The [exterior walls](bold) need a new coat of paint.

exterior scenes in a film are filmed outdoors

coming from or relating to facts, situations etc other than the one you are considering

information that is exterior to the text itself


external

[externally](bold) adv. eg: The job should be advertised internally and externally.

relating to the outside of something or of a person’s body

[For external use only](bold)(=written on medicines which must be put on your skin and not swallowed)

In everyday English, people usually say [outside](bold)  rather than [external](bold) :

The [outside](bold) walls of the building were painted yellow.

relating to your environment or situation, rather than to your own qualities, ideas etc

Low birth weight may be caused by [external factors](bold), such as smoking during pregnancy.

新生儿体重不足可能是外在因素造成的，如怀孕期间吸烟等。

influences from the external environment

coming from or happening outside a particular place or organization

China will not tolerate any external interference in its affairs.

中国不会容忍任何国家干涉其内政。

coming from outside a particular school, university, or organization, and therefore independent

来自〔学校或机构〕以外的

[external auditors](bold)(=someone from outside who looks at an organization’s finances)


extinct

an extinct type of animal or plant does not exist anymore

Dinosaurs have been extinct for millions of years.

Pandas could [become extinct](bold) in the wild.

熊猫在野生环境中可能会绝种。

if a type of person, custom, skill etc is extinct, it does not exist in society anymore

〔某种类型的人、习俗、技能等〕绝迹的，消亡的

an extinct volcano does not erupt anymore

〔火山〕死的，不再活跃的


extinction

The red squirrel faces extinction in England and Wales unless conservation measures are taken.

(=make an animal, plant etc stop existing)

Exactly what caused the extinction of the dinosaurs?

Hundreds of species of birds are now threatened with extinction.

The species are in danger of extinction in the UK.

(=be at the point of almost not existing)

The Siberian crane is on the verge of extinction due to hunting.

There are hopes that the animals have now been saved from extinction.

Hippos may face total extinction if their habitat continues to dwindle.

Wolves have returned to the forest, almost ten years after near extinction.

The deer has been hunted to virtual extinction.

(=extinction which will definitely happen)

The crested ibis faces certain extinction in Japan after attempts to breed from the sole remaining pair have failed.

The ban on hunting was introduced to stop the imminent extinction of some big game animals.

when a particular type of animal or plant stops existing

[on the verge/edge/brink of extinction](bold)(=nearly extinct)

The breed was on the verge of extinction.

They were [hunted](bold) almost [to extinction](bold).

它们遭受猎杀，几近灭绝。

Conservationists are trying to [save](bold) the whale [from extinction](bold).

生态环境保护工作者正努力挽救鲸类以防止其灭绝。

[face extinction/be threatened with extinction](bold)

Many endangered species now face extinction.

许多濒危物种现正面临灭绝。

when a type of person, custom, skill etc stops existing

〔某种类型的人、习俗、技能等的〕绝迹，消亡

Their traditional way of life seems doomed to extinction.

他们的传统生活方式似乎注定要消亡。


extra

in addition to the usual or standard cost, time, amount etc

They let the kids stay up an extra hour.

more than the basic amount or the amount that you expected or agreed. [Additional ](bold) is more formal than [extra](bold)

An evening job would provide additional income.

There may be an additional charge for paying bills by credit card.

extra – used when talking about something that makes something better or more effective

It was a beautiful place, and the good weather was an added bonus.

kept in addition to the one you usually use, so that it is available if the one you usually use breaks, gets lost etc

more of something, in addition to the usual or standard amount or number

要给你的旅程多留出点时间。

Drivers are advised to take [extra care](bold).

建议司机开车要格外小心。

Residents can use the gym [at no extra cost](bold).

住客不必另外付费即可使用健身房。

[an extra ten minutes/three metres etc](bold)

I asked for an extra two weeks to finish the work.

我要求再多给两周的时间来完成工作。

if something is extra, it is not included in the price of something and you have to pay more for it

晚餐费用为15美元，但酒费另计。


extra

in addition to the usual things or the usual amount

They need to offer something extra to attract customers.

他们需要提供额外的东西以吸引顾客。

I got a few extra in case anyone else decides to come.

我另外准备了一些，以防其他人也决定要来。

我将每月多挣400美元。

used to emphasize an adjective or adverb

You’re going to have to work extra hard to pass the exam.

你要格外用功才能通过考试。


extra

an amount of something, especially money, in addition to the usual, basic, or necessary amount


extra

something which is added to a basic product or service that improves it and often costs more

Tinted windows and a sunroof are [optional extras](bold)(=something that you can choose to have or not).

有色玻璃窗和车顶天窗是备选的配件，要另收费。

Be careful, there may be [hidden extras](bold)(=additional charges which you are not told about).

要当心一点，可能会有隐藏的额外费用。

It’s got lots of useful [little extras](bold).

它有不少实用小配件出售。

an actor in a film who does not say anything but is part of a crowd

He started his acting career as an extra.

他的演艺生涯是从当临时演员开始的。


extract

to remove an object from somewhere, especially with difficulty

You’ll have to have that [tooth extracted](bold).

He extracted an envelope from his inside pocket.

他从里面的口袋里抽出一个信封。

to carefully remove a substance from something which contains it, using a machine, chemical process etc

to get something which you want from someone, such as information, money, help etc, especially when they do not want to give it to you

套出〔信息〕；索取〔钱财〕；设法得到〔帮助〕

They used torture to [extract information](bold) about their families.

他们用严刑拷打逼问，以获取他们家庭成员的资料。

to take information or a short piece of writing from a book

We need to extract the relevant financial data.

我们需要摘录相关的财务数据。

to get an advantage or good thing from a situation

They aim to extract the maximum political benefit from the Games.

他们旨在通过举办运动会获得最大的政治利益。


extract

a short piece of writing, music etc taken from a particular book, piece of music etc

I’ve only seen short extracts from the film.

我只是看过那部电影的一些小片段。

a substance obtained from something by using a special process


extraordinarily

Why had James behaved so extraordinarily?

为什么詹姆斯的行为那么古怪？


extraordinary

→see THESAURUS at [surprising](->surprising)

It took an extraordinary amount of work.

[It’s extraordinary that](bold) he should make exactly the same mistake again.

真想不到他又犯了完全相同的错误。

Chris’s behaviour that morning was quite extraordinary.

克里斯那天上午的行为极不寻常。

[extraordinary thing to do/say/happen](bold)

[how extraordinary!](bold) BrE [spoken](special)(=used to express surprise)

very much greater or more impressive than usual

a meeting which takes place in addition to the usual ones

an official employed for a special purpose, in addition to the usual officials

特使/特命大使/特命公使


extravagant

[extravagance](bold) n. <C,U> eg: the extravagance of the Royal Palace eg: His only extravagance (=the only expensive thing he bought) was fine wine.

spending or costing a lot of money, especially more than is necessary or more than you can afford

Would it be too extravagant to buy both?

把两个都买下会不会太奢侈了？

doing or using something too much or more than is necessary

无节制的；〔事情做得〕过头的

if someone makes extravagant claims, promises etc, they make big claims or promises that are not true or real

〔主张、承诺等〕不切实际的

extravagant claims about the drug’s effectiveness

very impressive because of being very expensive, beautiful etc


extreme

Extreme poverty still exists in many rural areas.

许多农村地区仍处于赤贫状态。

It is necessary to use extreme caution with chemicals.

接触化学品必须极其小心。

He had extreme difficulty getting hold of the ingredients.

异乎寻常的；极端的；严重的

Force is only justified [in extreme circumstances](bold).

只有在极端情况下才可以使用武力。

the part furthest to the west, nearest the end etc

extreme opinions, beliefs, or organizations, especially political ones, are considered by most people to be unacceptable and unreasonable

〔尤指政治上〕极端的，偏激的

an extreme sport is one that is done in a way that has much more risk and so is more dangerous than an ordinary form of the sport

极限运动员/冲浪者/滑雪者等

Extreme surfers will ride waves that reach heights of more than fifty feet.

极限冲浪者能在50多英尺高的海浪上滑行。


extreme

a situation, quality etc which is as great as it can possibly be – used especially when talking about two opposites

极端〔尤用于表示两个相反的事物〕

The bacteria can withstand extremes of heat and cold.

这种细菌能承受酷热和严寒。

In fact, the truth lies [between](bold) the [two extremes](bold).

事实上，真理存在于两个极端之间。

At the other extreme is a country like Switzerland with almost no unemployment.

另一个极端则是像瑞士这样几乎没有人失业的国家。

Advertisements seem to [go from one extreme to the other](bold)(=change from one extreme thing to something totally opposite).

广告似乎从一个极端走到了另一个极端。

This kind of experiment seems cruel in the extreme.

if someone does something to extremes, they do it to a point beyond what is normal or acceptable

Problems only occur when this attitude is taken to extremes.

只有当这种态度走向极端时，问题才会发生。

She had [gone to extremes](bold) to avoid seeing him.

为了避免见到他，她已经采用极端手段了。


extremely

Earthquakes are extremely difficult to predict.

I’m extremely sorry to have troubled you.

给你添了麻烦，我十分抱歉。


extremist

someone who has extreme political opinions and aims, and who is willing to do unusual or illegal things in order to achieve them

The bomb was planted by right-wing extremists.

炸弹是右翼极端分子放置的。


extrovert

[extrovert](bold) adj. eg: a friendly, extrovert young Australian

someone who is active and confident, and who enjoys spending time with other people

性格外向的人，活泼自信的人

→see THESAURUS at [confident](->confident)

Her sister was always more of an extrovert.


eye

→ [bird's-eye view](->bird's-eye view) → [black eye](->black eye) → [Catseye](->Catseye) → [private eye](->private eye) → [red eye](->red eye) [the apple of sb’s eye](bold) at → [apple](->apple) sense 2 [not bat an eye](bold) at → [bat](->bat) 2 sense 2 [turn a blind eye (to sth)](bold) at → [blind](->blind) 1 sense 3 [see sth out of the corner of your eye](bold) at → [corner](->corner) 1 sense 8 [the evil eye](bold) at → [evil](->evil) 1 sense 5 [give sb the glad eye](bold) at → [glad](->glad) sense 6 [look sb in the eye/face](bold) at → [look](->look) 1 sense 7 [in your mind’s eye](bold) at → [mind](->mind) 1 sense 40 [here’s mud in your eye](bold) at → [mud](->mud) [open sb’s eyes (to)](bold) at → [open](->open) 2 sense 17 [in the public eye](bold) at → [public](->public) 1 sense 11 [make sheep’s eyes at](bold) at → [sheep](->sheep) sense 3 [a sight for sore eyes](bold) at → [sight](->sight) 1 sense 14 [in the twinkling of an eye](bold) at → [twinkling](->twinkling) [keep a weather eye on](bold) at → [weather](->weather) 1 sense 5 [pull the wool over sb’s eyes](bold) at → [wool](->wool) sense 4

The tiny child’s pale blue eyes stared up at her appealingly.

(=pale brown and slightly green or golden)

He was a quiet, kindly man, with hazel eyes.

Bethan’s eyes grew moist as she talked about her family.

He gazed at her with sad eyes as she slowly walked away.

He smiled, but his blue eyes were cold and cruel.

She looked at me with those big brown eyes.

His small cold eyes seemed full of menace.

The children gazed at the screen, their eyes wide with excitement.

His bulging eyes made him rather look like a frog.

(=small round and bright, and noticing a lot of things)

Mac’s eyebrows were thick and dark, above deep-set eyes.

Claudette studied the wide-set eyes that looked so innocent.

(=having fallen inwards, especially because of age or illness)

The man's eyes were sunken, with deep black rings around them.

Her hair was a mess and her eyes were tired.

As she left a village, people waved at her with tearful eyes.

(=unfriendly and not showing any emotion)

(=red because you are upset, tired, ill etc)

The girl’s eyes were puffy and full of tears.

(=showing strong emotions, especially sadness)

The dog looked up at her with big soulful eyes.

(=showing that you want something very much)

The men looked around the room with their greedy eyes.

Joe closed his eyes and tried to get back to sleep.

She let her eyes close for just a moment.

(=protect them from a bright light or the sun)

They gazed out to sea, shielding their eyes from the sun.

(=partly close them, especially to show that you do not trust someone)

She narrowed her eyes at him suspiciously.

(=become half closed, especially because someone does not trust another person)

(=become more open because they are surprised)

His eyes lit up when I mentioned the word money.

The servants lowered their eyes as the countess walked past.

I was so tired I could hardly keep my eyes open.

(=be watching something with all your attention)

Ted sat with his eyes glued to the television.

When she put the phone down, her eyes were full of tears.

The prisoners stared at him, their eyes full of hatred.

You should have an eye test every couple of years.

(=make-up that you put on your eyelids or eyelashes)

She never leaves the house without lipstick and eye make-up.

one of the two parts of the body that you use to see with

There were tears in her eyes as she listened to the story.

她听故事时眼里噙着泪水。

哎呀！我眼睛里进了什么东西！

a particular way of seeing, judging, or understanding something

Go through your shopping list with [a critical eye](bold) for foods with a high fat content.

用谨慎的眼光仔细检查一下购物单上有没有含高脂肪的食品。

The magazine combines the accuracy of the scientist with the eye of the artist.

这份杂志结合了科学家的准确和艺术家的眼光。

The picture quality, to my eye, is excellent.

图片质量在我看来非常好。

through the eyes of sb (=from the point of view of a particular person)

The story is told through the eyes of a refugee child.

故事是以一个避难儿童的视角讲述的。

in the eyes of sb (=according to a particular person or group)

Carl could do no wrong in the eyes of his parents.

卡尔在他父母眼里是不会做错事的。

to look after someone or something and make sure that they are safe

Mary will keep an eye on the kids this afternoon.

玛丽今天下午会照看孩子。

We keep a watchful eye on our elderly neighbors.

我们特别留意年长的邻居。

to carefully watch everything that someone does, especially because you do not trust them

监视[密切注意]某人(的举动)

We want Taylor in jail where we can keep an eye on him.

我们想把泰勒关进监狱，这样就可以监视他的行动。

when you look directly at someone at the same time as they are looking at you

People who are lying tend to avoid eye contact.

撒谎的人往往会避开对视。

In a formal interview, try to maintain good eye contact with the interviewers.

在正式面试时，要尽量与面试官保持适当的目光接触。

to be watching someone or something at the same time that you are doing something else

做另一件事的同时注意着某人/某物

Louise was stirring the soup with half an eye on the baby.

路易丝边搅拌汤边留神看着婴儿。

to want something that you think might become available

He has his eye on the bigger apartment next door.

他看中了隔壁那套更大的公寓。

if you can see something with the naked eye, you can see it without using any artificial help such as a telescope or microscope

It’s just about possible to see the planet with the naked eye on a clear night.

在无云的夜晚，用肉眼勉强能够看到这颗行星。

Dust mites are tiny creatures, invisible to the naked eye.

尘螨是极小的生物，肉眼看不见。

(also: [(right) in front of your eyes](bold) )

if something happens before your very eyes, it happens where you can clearly see it

就在某人眼前，当着某人的面

The murder had apparently taken place before our very eyes.

那起谋杀案显然就发生在我们眼皮底下。

to be unable to stop looking at someone or something, especially because they are extremely interesting or attractive

无法将目光从某人身上/某物上移开

She looked stunning. I couldn’t take my eyes off her all evening.

她太迷人了，整个晚上我都无法将目光从她身上移开。

under the (watchful/stern etc) eye of sb

while being watched by someone who is making sure that you behave properly or do something right

We went to dances, but only under the watchful eye of our father.

我们去跳舞了，但只能在父亲的监视之下。

She cast her eye over the front page of the paper.

她匆匆看了一下报纸的头版。

to see something or meet someone, especially for the first time

〔尤指初次〕遇见某人/看见某物

I loved that house from the moment I clapped eyes on it.

我一看见那栋房子就喜欢上了。

to watch carefully so that you will notice when someone or something appears

密切注意(某人/某物)，留神(某人/某物)

Keep an eye out for rabbits in the field.

if you do something with an eye to doing something else, you do it in order to make the second thing more likely to happen

着眼于(做)某事，指望某事

Most novels are published with an eye to commercial success.

大多数小说的出版都希望获得商业上的成功。

to ignore something or pretend that you do not know it is happening

Most governments know that we’re heading for an environmental catastrophe but they shut their eyes to it.

to be good at noticing a particular type of thing, especially something attractive, valuable, of good quality etc

欧内斯特观察事物细致入微。

She’s definitely got a good eye for a bargain.

她的确善于发现物美价廉的东西。

to watch carefully and continuously for something

She stumbled along, keeping her eyes peeled for a phone box.

她一边跌跌撞撞地往前走，一边留意找公用电话亭。

knowing fully what the problems, difficulties, results etc of a situation might be

I’ve no one to blame but myself – I went into this deal with my eyes open.

我不怪别人，只能怨自己——我是明明知道这笔交易的后果的。

Believe me, you could run that place with your eyes closed.

相信我，你闭着眼睛都能把那地方经营好。

to look at someone in a way that shows you think they are sexually attractive

色眯眯地看，向 …送秋波

Don’t look now, but that guy over there is really giving you the eye.

现在别看了，不过那边那个家伙确实在向你抛媚眼。

if you have an eye for the main chance, you will take advantage of any possible opportunity to get what you want – used to show disapproval

something that will annoy someone or give them a disadvantage – used especially when you think this is a good thing

令某人生气的事；对某人不利的事〔尤用于认为那是好事时〕

This latest judgment will definitely be one in the eye for the fast food corporations.

这项最新的裁决肯定会对快餐公司不利。

the idea that if someone does something wrong, you should punish them by doing the same thing to them

An eye for an eye is no way to run a civilised justice system.

完善的司法制度不允许以眼还眼、以牙还牙的行为。

used to say that something is secret and must only be seen by one particular person or group

The information is for police eyes only.

to know what is happening all around you, even when this seems impossible

后脑勺长眼睛〔指知道身边发生的一切〕

We’ll have to be really careful – old Jonesey has eyes in the back of his head.

我们得非常小心，老琼西脑袋后面都长着眼睛呢。

to practise or to continue practising an activity so that you become good at it

to notice every small detail or everything that is happening, and therefore be very difficult to deceive

We never got away with anything in Mrs. Podell’s class – she had eyes like a hawk.

在波德尔夫人的课上，我们干什么都瞒不过她，她眼睛尖着呢。

his/her etc eyes were popping (out of his/her etc head)

to be very surprised, shocked, or excited by something you see

双目圆睁〔表示惊讶、震惊或激动〕

他做文案工作忙得不可开交。

used to say that you have taken more food than you are able to eat

眼馋肚饱；眼睛大，肚子小〔形容贪吃〕

if someone only has eyes for someone, they love and are interested in that person only

只钟情于某人，眼睛里只有某人

used to say that you do not believe something

used to say that everyone is looking at someone or something

All eyes were on the speaker, and nobody noticed me slip into the hall.

所有目光都集中在演讲者身上，没人察觉到我溜进了大厅。

used to say that a lot of people are paying attention to a particular person or situation

For the time being, all eyes are on the White House.

眼下很多人都在关注白宫的态度。

used to show that you do not believe what someone is saying

不可能！〔表示不相信某人正在说的话〕

the eye of the camera is the way that you appear in photographs

Fashion models are completely comfortable with the eye of the camera.

时装模特面对镜头完全应付自如。

the hole in a needle that you put the thread through

a small circle or U-shaped piece of metal used together with a hook for fastening clothes

the calm centre of a storm such as a hurricane

a dark spot on a potato that a new plant can grow from


eye

[present participle](italic) [eyeing](bold) or [present participle](italic) [eying](bold)

to look at someone or something carefully, especially because you do not trust them or because you want something

端详，审视，细看〔尤因不相信某人或想得到某物〕

The man behind the desk eyed us suspiciously.

书桌后面的男子怀疑地注视着我们。

A crowd of local children gathered around, eying us in silence.

一群当地的孩子聚集在周围，默不作声地打量着我们。


eyebrow

to move your eyebrows upwards in order to show surprise or disapproval

扬起眉毛〔表示惊讶或反对〕

‘Really?’ she said, raising her eyebrows.

“真的吗？”她扬起双眉说道。

This decision caused a few raised eyebrows (=surprised some people).

这个决定令一些人感到惊讶。

to have more of something than you can deal with

I’m absolutely up to my eyebrows in work.

我的工作实在是忙得不可开交。


eyelid

a piece of skin that covers your eye when it is closed

His [eyelids](bold) began to [droop](bold)(=close, because he was sleepy).

The room spun. Her [eyelids fluttered](bold)(=moved up and down quickly) and she fainted.

房间快速旋转起来。她的眼皮上下翻动，然后便昏了过去。

[not bat an eyelid](bold) at → [bat](->bat) 2 sense 2


eyewitness

someone who has seen something such as a crime happen, and is able to describe it afterwards

According to eyewitness accounts, soldiers opened fire on the crowd.

据目击者描述，士兵向人群开了枪。

One eyewitness said he saw her talking to a man in a blue car.

一名目击者说他看见她在跟一个坐在蓝色汽车里的男子说话。


fabric

cloth used for making clothes, curtains etc

the fabric of a society is its basic structure, way of life, relationships, and traditions

Drug abuse poses a major threat to the [fabric of](bold) our [society](bold).

吸毒对我们的社会结构造成严重威胁。

The country’s [social fabric](bold) is disintegrating.

该国的社会结构正在瓦解。

the fabric of a building is its basic structure, including walls and the roof

某建筑物的基本结构〔包括墙和屋顶〕

the need to preserve the fabric of the church

保存那座教堂基本结构的必要性


fabulous

The room has fabulous views across the lake.

那个房间可以看到美丽的湖景。

fabulous creatures, places etc are mentioned in traditional stories, but do not really exist


face

[blow up in sb’s face](bold) at → [blow up](->blow up) [put on a brave face](bold) at → [brave](->brave) 1 sense 3 [do sth till you’re blue in the face](bold) at → [blue](->blue) 1 sense 4 [have egg on your face](bold) at → [egg](->egg) 1 sense 5 → [face-to-face](->face-to-face) [fly in the face of](bold) at → [fly](->fly) 1 sense 18 [laugh in sb’s face](bold) at → [laugh](->laugh) 1 sense 11 [long face](bold) at → [long](->long) 1 sense 12 [not just a pretty face](bold) at → [pretty](->pretty) 2 sense 4 [show your face](bold) at → [show](->show) 1 sense 15 [shut your face](bold) at → [shut](->shut) 1 sense 2 [a slap in the face](bold) at → [slap](->slap) 2 sense 2 [be staring sb in the face](bold) at → [stare](->stare) 1 sense 2 [a straight face](bold) at → [straight](->straight) 2 sense 8 [wipe sth off the face of the earth](bold) at → [wipe](->wipe) 1 sense 8 [wipe the smile/grin off sb’s face](bold) at → [wipe](->wipe) 1 sense 7 [have sth written all over your face](bold) at → [write](->write) sense 10

Her face was beautiful in the morning light.

His face suddenly became pale and I thought he was going to faint.

Shelley looked at the children’s happy faces.

He looked down at the boy’s grinning face.

Beth’s angry face stared fiercely at her husband.

My father watched us go with a worried face.

What was she really thinking behind that blank face?

(=with a lot of small lines, especially because of old age)

His wrinkled face must once have been handsome.

(=showing that you are not pleased about something)

He looked around and saw his boss's scowling face behind him.

I saw her face go pale when he walked in.

Denise’s face lit up when she heard the news.

(=they start to look angry or threatening)

She handed him the letter and his face darkened.

(=to change your expression to make people laugh or to show you are angry, disappointed etc)

Here’s a funny photo of Joe pulling a face.

(=someone’s face is twisted out of its normal shape because they are angry)

Eve’s face was contorted with anger as she picked up the broken vase.

She had a rather surprised look on her face.

I could tell by the look on Dan’s face that he was disappointed.

There was a mischievous grin on her face.

He was reading the newspaper with a frown on his face.

(=you know what someone is feeling from the expression on their face)

(=their feelings can be seen very clearly in their expression)

You’re jealous – it’s written all over your face!

(=used to say that someone was very angry, surprised etc)

You should have seen his face when I told him that I was resigning.

The boss had a face like thunder when he arrived this morning.

the front part of your head, where your eyes, nose, and mouth are

他的脸上绽开了灿烂笑容。

→ You say that something is [on sb’s face](bold), not ‘in sb’s face’[You’ve got a mark on your face.](italic)

I’ll never forget my father’s face – I’d never seen him so upset before.

我永远也忘不了父亲的表情——我以前从没见他那么难过。

to not laugh or smile, even though something is funny

having a face that has a particular colour or shape

showing a particular expression on your face

Negotiators emerged grim-faced after the day’s talks.

经过一天的谈判之后，谈判代表们表情严峻地走了出来。

→ [barefaced](->barefaced) → [po-faced](->po-faced) → [poker-faced](->poker-faced) → [stony-faced](->stony-faced)

[new/different face](bold)(=someone who you have not seen before)

There are a few new faces in class this year.

今年班上来了几个新面孔。

Gordon is a [familiar face](bold)(=someone who you know or have seen many times before) at the Shrewsbury Flower Show.

戈登是什鲁斯伯里花展上的老面孔了。

It’s [the same old faces](bold)(=people who you see often, especially too often) at our meetings every week.

我们每周开会都是那几张老面孔。

[famous/well-known face](bold)(=someone who is famous from television, magazines, films etc)

She looked around at the [sea of faces](bold)(=lots of people seen together) in the cafeteria.

if two people are standing face to face, they are very close and are looking at each other

[meet sb/talk to sb/explain sth etc face to face](bold)(=to meet someone and talk to them, instead of just hearing about them, talking to them on the phone etc)

‘You could have just phoned.’ ‘I wanted to explain things face to face.’

“你打个电话就可以嘛。”“我想当面解释。”

[come face to face/find yourself face to face (with sb)](bold)(=to meet someone, especially in a way that surprises or frightens you)

At that moment he came face to face with Sergeant Burke.

就在那时，他迎面碰上了伯克中士。

The two men stood face to face without a word.

那两个人面对面站着，一言不发。

if you come face to face with something difficult, you experience it and have to deal with it

It was the first time he’d ever [come face to face with](bold) death.

Sometimes one is brought face to face with facts which cannot be ignored.

有时人得面对一些不能忽视的事实。

if you say something unpleasant to someone’s face, you say it to them directly, rather than to other people

当面说某事/告诉某人某事

I told him to his face just what I thought of him.

我当面告诉了他我对他的看法。

with the face or front towards the ground

Keith was [lying face down](bold) on the bed.

The body was [lying face up](bold) in the rain.

in a situation where there are many problems, difficulties, or dangers

面对某事物〔指问题、困难、危险〕

It is amazing how Daniels has survived in the face of such strong opposition from within the party.

丹尼尔斯面对党内那么强烈的反对还是挺了过来，真不简单。

used to say that something seems true but that you think there may be other facts about it which are not yet clear

It looks, on the face of it, like a minor change in the regulations.

从表面上看，这好像是规章制度上的一个小小改动。

On the face of it, his suggestion makes sense.

从表面上看，他的建议合乎情理。

the nature or character of an organization, industry, system etc, and the way it appears to people

technology that has [changed the face of](bold) society

这就是英国保守党的新面貌吗？

[the ugly/unacceptable/acceptable face of sth](bold)(=the qualities of an organization, industry etc which people find unacceptable or acceptable)

the general appearance of a particular place

the face of a mountain, cliff etc is a steep vertical surface or side

〔山、悬崖等的〕正面；陡面

He fell and died while attempting to climb the [north face](bold) of Mont Blanc.

他在攀登勃朗峰北坡时跌落坠亡。

The [cliff face](bold) was starting to crumble into the sea.

the front part of a clock or watch, where the numbers and hands are

if you lose face, you do something which makes you seem weak, stupid etc, and which makes people respect you less

He doesn’t want to back down (=accept defeat in an argument) and risk losing face.

if you do something to save face, you do it so that people will not lose their respect for you

Both countries saved face with the compromise.

有了这个妥协方案，两个国家都保全了面子。

disappear/vanish from/off the face of the earth

used to say that you have no idea where someone is and have not seen them in a very long time

从地球上消失〔用于表示不知道某人在哪里，而且很久没有见到他们〕

I haven’t seen Paul in ages; he seems to have vanished off the face of the earth.

我很久没见到保罗了，他好像已经从地球上消失了。

used when you are emphasizing a statement to mean ‘in the whole world’

天底下，世界上〔用于强调〕

If she were the last woman on the face of the earth, I still wouldn’t be interested!

就算天底下只剩她一个女人，我也不感兴趣！

used to say that someone will not get or keep a particular job because they are not the kind of person that the employer wants

to be very determined that something should not happen

The local Labour Party has set its face against the scheme.

当地的工党坚决反对这个计划。

the part of a mine from which coal, stone etc is cut

one of the outside surfaces of an object or building

〔物体或建筑物的〕面；表面

the part of a racket or bat etc that you use to hit the ball

behaviour, criticisms, remarks etc that are in your face are very direct and often shocking or surprising

〔行为、批评、评论等〕当面的，直截了当的，不留情面的

Bingham has a very ‘in your face’ writing style.

if someone gets in your face, they really annoy you

used to tell someone in an impolite way to go away because they are annoying you

used as a way of talking about someone when you cannot remember their name

I saw old what’s his face in school yesterday.

我昨天在学校里见到了那个老什么来着。

I just need to run upstairs and put my face on.


face

She told me about some of the problems she was facing.

The hotel’s owners were facing financial difficulties.

The coal industry faces serious challenges.

He faced the task of preparing a three-course meal for 50 people.

He has the courage to face danger in spite of fear.

The government faced opposition from the Liberal Democrats.

(=be accused of a crime and have to go to a court of law)

The company is facing an uncertain future.

(=something in the future is going to affect you and you will have to deal with it)

Many coastal cities face the prospect of disastrous flooding.

if you face or are faced with a difficult situation, or if a difficult situation faces you, it is going to affect you and you must deal with it

（使）面临〔困难〕，（使）面对〔困境〕

Emergency services are [facing](bold) additional [problems](bold) this winter.

今年冬天，应急服务机构面临更多难题。

The president [faces](bold) the difficult [task](bold) of putting the economy back on its feet.

总统面临着恢复经济的艰巨任务。

McManus is [facing](bold) the biggest [challenge](bold) of his career.

麦克马纳斯正面临着职业生涯的最大挑战。

As the project comes to an end, many workers now [face](bold) an uncertain [future](bold).

随着工程结束，许多工人现在前途未卜。

He must [face](bold) the [prospect](bold) of financial ruin.

他必须面对破产的可能性。

I was faced with the awful job of breaking the news to the girl’s family.

我眼下有一个头疼的任务，要向那女孩的家人通报这一消息。

If he is found guilty, he faces up to 12 years in jail.

如果他被判有罪，将面临最多12年的刑期。

[face charges/prosecution](bold)(=have legal charges brought against you)

He was the first member of the former government to face criminal charges.

他是第一个面临刑事指控的前政府成员。

to accept that a difficult situation or problem exists, even though you would prefer to ignore it

正视，面对，接受〔困难局面〕

Many couples refuse to [face the fact that](bold) there are problems in their marriage.

许多夫妻拒绝承认婚姻已出现问题。

You’ve got to [face facts](bold), Rachel. You can’t survive on a salary that low.

你得面对现实，雷切尔，这么低的工资不够生活的。

He had to [face the](bold) awful [truth](bold) that she no longer loved him.

他不得不接受这个可怕的事实:她已不再爱他。

[Face it,](bold) kid. You’re never going to be a rock star.

面对现实吧，孩子，你永远也成不了摇滚乐歌星的。

if you can’t face something, you feel unable to do it because it seems too unpleasant or difficult

I don’t want to go back to college – I just [can’t face it](bold).

我不想再回去上大学——我实在无法面对这事。

I [can’t face the thought of](bold) going into town when it’s this hot.

这么热，我真不想去城里。

She [couldn’t face the prospect of](bold) another divorce.

她无法正视可能又要离婚的事实。

He couldn’t face driving all the way to Los Angeles.

他不愿意一路开车到洛杉矶。

to talk or deal with someone, when this is unpleasant or difficult for you

You’re going to [have to face](bold) him sooner or later.

I don’t know how I’m going to face her after what happened.

出了这些事，我不知该如何面对她。

The accident left her feeling depressed and unable to [face the world](bold)(=be with people and live a normal life).

这起事故让她很消沉，无法面对生活。

to be opposite someone or something, or to be looking or pointing in a particular direction

The two men stood facing each other, smiling.

那两个人微笑着面对面站着。

When he [turned to face](bold) her, he seemed annoyed.

他转身面对着她，似乎生气了。

Lunch is served on the terrace facing the sea.

午餐安排在面对大海的露台上。

to play against an opponent or team in a game or competition

Martinez will face Robertson in tomorrow’s final.

明天的决赛中马丁内斯将迎战罗伯逊。

to accept criticism or punishment for something you have done

〔为自己的所为〕接受批评[惩罚]

a building that is faced with stone,concrete etc has a layer of that material on its outside surfaces

以石块/混凝土等砌面[抹面，覆盖]


facet

one of several parts of someone’s character, a situation etc

He has travelled extensively in China, recording every facet of life.

他在中国游历颇广，记录下了生活的方方面面。

The issues are complex and multi-faceted.

这些问题很复杂，涉及诸多方面。

〔宝石的〕琢面，刻面，小平面


facial

[facially](bold) adv. eg: Facially the boys are similar.

Victor’s facial expression didn’t change.

维克托脸上的表情没有变化。


facial

if you have a facial, you have a beauty treatment in which your face is cleaned and creams are rubbed into it


facilitate

[facilitation](bold) /fəˌsɪlɪˈteɪʃ/  n. <U>

to make it easier for a process or activity to happen

Computers can be used to facilitate language learning.

用电脑可使语言学习更方便。


facility

Have you checked out the local sports facilities?

(=facilities for activities that you do for pleasure)

The leisure facilities include a sauna and a gym.

Make use of the hotel facilities, which are excellent.

The building has parking facilities for twenty cars.

We aim to improve the provision of educational facilities such as libraries.

The company plans to set up in-house training facilities.

The department provides excellent computing facilities for students.

More women would work if there were better childcare facilities.

The rooms all have cooking facilities and a fridge.

(=to be used by everyone who lives in a place)

Communal facilities at the campsite were well-maintained.

(=facilities to be shared, especially bathrooms)

The less expensive rooms have shared facilities.

Recycling facilities are provided by the local council.

Guests are welcome to use all the hotel’s facilities.

We hope students make use of the new facilities.

The centre’s facilities include an outdoor swimming pool.

The range of facilities offered by this hotel is superb.

rooms, equipment, or services that are provided for a particular purpose

〔为某种目的而提供的〕设施，设备

All rooms have [private facilities](bold)(=private bathroom and toilet).

The hotel has its own pool and [leisure facilities](bold).

这家酒店拥有自己的游泳池和休闲设施。

a special part of a piece of equipment or a system which makes it possible to do something

〔设备或系统的〕特殊装置，特色功能

Is there a call-back facility on this phone?

a bank account with an overdraft facility

a place or building used for a particular activity or industry, or for providing a particular type of service

〔特定用途的〕场所，建筑

the finest indoor sports facility in the US

a natural ability to do something easily and well

She has an amazing facility for languages.

卫生间，厕所〔礼貌的说法〕

Excuse me, I have to use the facilities.

对不起，我得去一下洗手间。


fact

[as a matter of fact](bold) at → [matter](->matter) 1 sense 4 [face facts](bold) at → [face](->face) 2 sense 2 [in point of fact](bold) at → [point](->point) 1 sense 17

The report outlines the basic facts concerning the case.

It is a well-known fact that new cars lose a lot of their value in the first year.

It is a little-known fact that the actor was born in London.

The research revealed some interesting facts about the behaviour of cats.

It is a remarkable fact that elephants do not use their trunks to suck up water until they are over four months old.

(=information that is definitely true and can be proven)

This was presented as a historical fact when it was just an opinion.

(=only the basic general facts of a situation)

We know the bare facts of his life, but nothing about what he was really like.

Newspapers have a duty to give their readers the facts.

(=find out what actually happened in a situation)

The police are still piecing together the facts.

I decided to examine the facts for myself.

Press reports often fail to state the facts completely.

Just stick to the facts when the police interview you.

(=used to say that something is definitely true)

I know for a fact that she is older than me.

(=make sure that what you say or believe is correct)

You should get your facts straight before making accusations.

It’s no use putting together a beautifully-written argument if you get your facts wrong.

a piece of information that is known to be true

The book is full of facts about the World Cup.

这本书全是有关世界杯的事实信息。

First of all, we need to know the facts of the case.

首先，我们需要了解案子的相关事实。

[it’s a fact/that’s a fact](bold)(=used to emphasize that something is definitely true or that something definitely happened)

The divorce rate is twice as high as in the 1950s – that’s a fact.

现在的离婚率是20世纪50年代的两倍——事实就是如此。

[is that a fact?](bold)(=used to reply to a statement that you find surprising, interesting, or difficult to believe)

‘She used to be a professional singer.’ ‘Is that a fact?’

“她过去是个专业歌手。”“真的吗？”

used when talking about a situation and saying that it is true

Our decision to build the museum in Hartlepool was influenced by the fact that there were no national museums in the North East.

我们之所以决定在哈特尔浦建造博物馆，是因为东北地区没有国家级的博物馆。

He refused to help me, [despite the fact that](bold) I asked him several times.

尽管我求了他好几次，他还是拒绝帮助我。

[given the fact (that)/in view of the fact (that)](bold)(=used when saying that a particular fact influences your judgment about something or someone)

Given the fact that this is their first game, I think they did pretty well.

考虑到这是他们的首场比赛，我认为他们表现得很好了。

[due to the fact (that)/owing to the fact (that)](bold)(=because)

The school’s poor exam record is largely due to the fact that it is chronically underfunded.

这所学校考试成绩差，主要是由于长期以来资金不足。

The fact we didn’t win when we were so close is very disappointing.

我们与胜利失之交臂，这真令人沮丧。

used when you are adding something, especially something surprising, to emphasize what you have just said

事实上〔用于补充说明，强调前面所说的话〕

I know the mayor really well. In fact, I had dinner with her last week.

我跟市长很熟，事实上，我上周还和她一起吃过饭呢。

used to emphasize that the truth about a situation is the opposite of what has been mentioned

事实上，实际上〔用于强调实际情况与刚提及的恰恰相反〕

They told me it would be cheap but in fact it cost me nearly $500.

他们给我说这会很便宜，但实际上我花了将近500美元。

Her teachers said she was a slow learner, whereas in actual fact she was partially deaf.

老师都说她学得慢，其实她部分失聪。

used when you are telling someone what is actually true in a particular situation, especially when this may be difficult to accept, or different from what people believe

事实是，实际情况是〔尤指事实难以接受或与人们所想不同〕

The fact of the matter is that he’s just not up to the job.

实际情况是他根本就不能胜任那份工作。

used to emphasize that what you are saying about a situation is true and people must realize this

事实是，真实的情况是〔用于强调所说的某一情况为事实，人们必须意识到〕

The fact remains that the number of homeless people is rising daily.

现实就是无家可归的人每天都在增加。

situations, events etc that really happened and have not been invented

这本小说的大部分内容以真人真事为基础。

It’s a news reporter’s job to separate [fact from fiction](bold).

新闻记者的职责就是要区分真实和虚构。

the basic details, numbers etc concerning a particular situation or subject

Here are a few facts and figures about the country.

这是该国的一些基本资料。

used to say that the things that have happened or the things someone has done show clearly that something is true

after something has happened or been done, especially after a mistake has been made

情况发生后，事后〔尤指错误发生后〕


factor

Human influence has been an important factor as regards climate change.

(=the most or least important of several factors)

The country’s huge mineral reserves are a major factor behind its economic strength.

A key factor in a company’s success is knowing its customers.

(=the reason for making a particular choice)

The closeness of the river was probably the deciding factor when the site was chosen.

The support of middle-income voters was the decisive factor in the election.

(=one that helps to make something happen)

Stress is a contributing factor in many illnesses.

Various environmental factors affect the growth of grapes.

Social factors have played their part in the decline in family sizes.

(=something that makes you more likely to have an illness)

The highest risk factor for coronary heart disease was found to be smoking.

Various factors influenced the government’s decision.

The final cost of the product was determined by a combination of factors.

These underlying factors were responsible for his death.

A combination of factors led to the closure of the factory.

(=to consider factors when making a decision)

You should take all these factors into account.

one of several things that influence or cause a situation

The rise in crime is mainly due to social and economic factors.

犯罪率上升主要由社会和经济因素造成。

The vaccination program has been a major factor in the improvement of health standards.

疫苗接种计划是提升健康水平的一个主要因素。

The weather could be a crucial factor in tomorrow’s game.

天气情况可能成为影响明天比赛的一个关键因素。

[deciding/decisive/determining factor](bold)(=the most important factor)

We liked both houses, but price was the deciding factor.

这两幢房子我们都喜欢，但价格才是决定性因素。

a particular level on a scale that measures how strong or effective something is

Even in July the [wind chill factor](bold)(=the degree to which the air feels colder because of the wind) can be intense.

甚至在七月风寒指数也会很高。

if something increases or decreases by a factor of five, ten etc, it increases or decreases by five times, ten times etc

〔增至〕五倍/十倍等；〔减至〕五分之一/十分之一等

a number that divides into another number exactly


factor

[v](bold) <[T](bold)> ([AmE](special)) [technical](special)

将 …分解为因子，把 …化为因数


factory

a building or group of buildings in which goods are produced in large quantities, using machines

a large factory where cars, chemicals, or energy is produced

Local residents are protesting about the new nuclear power plant.

a factory. [Facility](bold) is often used instead of [factory ](bold) in business English

The new production facility is one of the most up-to-date in the area.

used in the following compounds to describe a factory that produces a particular thing

a steelworks/ironworks/brickworks/a chemical/cement works/a printing works

a factory that produces paper, cotton, or cloth

The textile mill has been converted into luxury flats.

a place where ships are built or repaired

The vessel was built in the Kobe shipyard.

a factory where metal is made into things using

Mandela’s statue was cast here in a local foundry.

a small factory where people work hard in bad conditions for very little money

The company was fined for selling goods produced in sweatshops.

There is a large car factory where many of the local people work.

The factory workers are threatening to go on strike.

The factory owner placed a large order for some new equipment.

He held the position of factory manager.

(=an official whose job is to check that laws or rules related to factories are being obeyed)

Factory inspectors reported that safety precautions had been ignored.

A crowd of protesters had gathered outside the factory gates.

The company has just opened a new factory in Swindon.

The factory produces an incredible 100 cars per hour.


factual

[factually](bold) adv. eg: The document is factually correct.

（基于）事实的；与事实相关的

Try to keep your account of events as factual as possible.

你要尽量如实地说明情况。

Libraries are stores of factual information.

图书馆是事实资料的宝库。

The report contained a number of [factual errors](bold).

报告中有一些与事实不符的错误。


faculty

a department or group of related departments within a university

Both faculty and students oppose the measures.

教师和学生都反对这些措施。

a natural ability, such as the ability to see, hear, or think clearly

[in full possession of all your faculties](bold)(=able to see, hear, think etc in the normal way)

She had a great faculty for absorbing information.


fade

Hopes of a peace settlement are beginning to fade.

达成和平协议的希望日渐渺茫。

Over the years her beauty had faded a little.

岁月流逝，她的美貌已略逊当年。

to lose colour and brightness, or to make something do this

（使）褪色；（使）失去光泽

to become weaker physically, especially so that you become very ill or die

〔身体〕变得虚弱，病重，衰弱而死

if a team fades, it stops playing as well as it did before

Our problems fade into insignificance when compared with those of the people here.

与这里那些人的问题相比，我们的问题微不足道。


fade in

to appear slowly or become louder, or to make a picture or sound do this

（使）〔画面〕淡入；（使）〔声音〕渐强

Additional background sound is faded in at the beginning of the shot.

镜头一开始，背景音渐渐响起。


fade out

to disappear slowly or become quieter, or to make a picture or sound do this

（使）〔画面〕淡出，渐隐；（使）〔声音〕渐弱

He slid a control to fade out the music.

他滑动控制器，让音乐声渐弱。


fail

[words fail me](bold) at → [word](->word) 1 sense 29

to not succeed – used about people, plans, methods etc

They failed to persuade her to change her mind.

if something you do goes wrong, it fails after starting well

The experiment went wrong when the chemicals combined to form a poisonous gas.

if something does not work, it does not do what you want it to do

I tried to fix it with glue, but that didn’t work.

His first attempt to get a teaching job was unsuccessful.

to be unsuccessful, with the result that you have wasted your efforts

The government’s 5-year plan to modernize the economy was a complete failure.

if a plan or action backfires, it does the opposite of what it was intended to do

His plan to get attention backfired, and instead of being promoted he lost his job.

if you try to do something in vain, you fail to do it

It looks likely that the peace talks will fail.

看来和平谈判可能会失败。

He [failed in](bold) his [attempt](bold) to regain the world title.

他未能夺回世界冠军头衔。

医生没能救活这个小女孩。

Millions of people have tried to quit smoking and [failed miserably](bold)(=been completely unsuccessful).

数百万人戒过烟，都以惨败告终。

his efforts to save his [failing marriage](bold)

他挽救自己濒临破裂的婚姻的努力

[If all else fails](bold), you may be advised to have an operation.

要是其他方法都不见效的话，恐怕你还是动手术的好。

to not do what is expected, needed, or wanted

Firms that fail to take advantage of the new technology will go out of business.

未能利用新技术的公司会被淘汰。

The government are [failing](bold) in their [duty](bold) to protect people.

该政府未能尽到保护人民的责任。

[Fail to do](bold)  something is used mainly in writing and in formal contexts. In everyday English, people usually say [do not do](bold)  something instead:

[The letter [failed](bold) to arrive.](strike)

I failed my driving test the first time I took it.

我第一次驾照考试没过关。

He failed maths but passed all his other subjects.

他数学没及格，但是其他科目都通过了。

to decide that someone has not passed a test or examination

Her work was so bad that I had no choice but to fail her.

她考得太差了，我只能给她不及格。

used to show that you are annoyed by something that you do not accept or understand

我不明白〔用于表示为不愿接受或不理解的事而生气〕

I fail to see why you find it so amusing.

我不明白你为什么觉得那么好笑。

if a company or business fails, it is unable to continue because of a lack of money

if a part of a machine or an organ in your body fails, it stops working

〔机件或人体器官〕失灵，丧失功能

引擎在起飞过程中失灵了。

The hospital said that his kidneys were failing.

医院说过他的肾脏在逐渐衰竭。

if your sight, memory, health etc is failing, it is gradually getting weaker or is not as good as it was

〔视力、记忆、健康等〕衰退

[Failing eyesight](bold) forced him to retire early.

视力衰退迫使他提前退休。

to do something or happen so regularly that people expect it

My grandson never fails to phone me on my birthday.

我的孙儿从来不会忘记在我生日那天打电话给我。

if your courage etc fails, or if it fails you, you suddenly do not have it when you need it

你的勇气/意志/胆量消失

She had to leave immediately, before her courage failed her.

她必须趁自己还有勇气马上离开。

to not do what someone has trusted you to do

I feel I’ve failed my children by not spending more time with them.

我没能多花些时间陪伴孩子，我觉得让他们失望了。

if crops fail, they do not grow or produce food, for example because of bad weather

if the rainsa lot of rain that falls at a particular time each year fail, they do not come when expected or it does not rain enough

〔在该下雨的季节〕无雨，不下雨，下雨少


fail

if you do something without fail, you always do it

Tim visits his mother every day without fail.

蒂姆每天必去看望他的母亲。

used to tell someone very firmly that they must do something

务必，一定〔用于坚决地告诉别人一定要做某事〕

I want that work finished by tomorrow, without fail!

我要求那项工作必须在明天之前完成，不得有误！

an unsuccessful result in a test or examination

an occasion when someone is not successful or does something badly

My parenting has included some spectacular fails.

我养育孩子的过程中有过一些非常失败的经历。


fail

used for saying that someone has failed or done something badly


failure

someone or something that is not successful

something that is not successful because people do not like it – used especially about a film, play, product, or performance

Despite the hype, the movie was a flop at the box office.

used when saying that something is extremely unsuccessful

something that is completely unsuccessful and goes very badly wrong – used especially about things that have been officially planned, which go very wrong

The baggage system broke down on the first day the airport was open. It was a complete fiasco.

The fiasco came close to ending de Gaulle's political career.

an event or situation that is a complete failure, because it does not happen in the way that it was officially planned

the banking debacle that has put our economy at risk

if a situation or event is a shambles, it is completely unsuccessful because it has been very badly planned or organized, and no one seems to know what to do

The first few shows were a shambles, but things soon got better.

a failure – used when something is so bad that it would be better if it had not happened

The play wasn’t a complete washout; the acting was okay.

His most recent and ambitious project, a big-budget Hollywood film, was a washout with both critics and audiences alike.

something that is so bad and unsuccessful that you think the people involved should be embarrassed about it – a very informal use

At the time most people thought the car was a complete turkey.

Since then he has appeared in a string of turkeys.

A series of rescue attempts ended in failure.

The rebellion was doomed to failure from the start.

Being able to accept failure is part of life.

(=used to emphasize how bad a failure is)

The experiment was considered a dismal failure.

(=a failure that is someone's personal fault)

He considered his inability to form long-term relationships to be a personal failure.

Economic failure drove the government out of office.

Fear of failure should not deter you from trying.

The risk of failure for a new product is very high.

The possibility of failure was sufficiently high for the auditors to warn investors.

Dropping out of college would be an admission of failure.

(=a situation in which someone has failed many times in the past)

Some children have a history of failure at school.

The team has had a string of failures in recent games.

People may feel a sense of failure if they admit they have ended up in a job they hate.

The political consequences of failure would be defeat at the next election.

There is a high failure rate in the restaurant industry.

a lack of success in achieving or doing something

Successful people often aren’t very good at dealing with failure.

一帆风顺的人往往不太擅长应对失败。

the conference’s failure to reach an agreement

I always felt a bit of a failure at school.

我上学时总觉得自己有点失败。

an act of not doing something which should be done or which people expect you to do

Failure to produce proof of identity could result in prosecution.

无法出示身份证明可能会被起诉。

a situation in which a business has to close because of a lack of money

Business failures in Scotland rose 10% last year.

去年苏格兰破产企业的数量增加了10%。

an occasion when a machine or part of your body stops working properly

The cause of the crash was engine failure.

an occasion when crops do not grow or produce food, for example because of bad weather

〔天气不好等导致的〕歉收


faint

[faintly](bold) adv. eg: Everyone looked faintly surprised. eg: The sun shone faintly through the clouds.

[damn sb/sth with faint praise](bold) at → [damn](->damn) 4 sense 6

微弱的希望/很小的可能性/微乎其微的机会等

to not know anything at all about something

I don’t have the faintest idea what you’re talking about.

我一点都不知道你在说什么。

feeling weak and as if you are about to become unconscious because you are very ill, tired, or hungry

〔因生病、疲倦或饥饿而〕虚弱的

The heat made him [feel](bold) quite [faint](bold).


faint

to suddenly become unconscious for a short time

Several fans fainted in the blazing heat.

几个球迷在炽热高温下晕过去了。

used to say that you were very surprised by something

我差点昏过去〔表示很惊讶〕

I nearly fainted when they told me the price.

他们告诉我价格时，我差点昏过去。


fair

treating people equally or in the way that is right

It’s not fair that she gets paid more than me.

fair and sensible according to most people’s standards

Lateness, without a reasonable excuse, will not be tolerated.

giving fair and equal treatment to all sides of an argument or subject

Balanced reporting of the news is essential.

giving fair and equal treatment to everyone, especially when it would be easy to favour one particular group

The drama takes an even-handed look at the consequences of violent crime, both on attackers and their victims.

The film is even-handed and does not try to make you support either side.

giving equal treatment to everyone involved

We need an equitable solution to this problem.

a fair situation, system, way of treating people, or judgment seems reasonable, acceptable, and right

我们所要求的只是一份合理的薪水。

150英镑是个公道的价钱。

What do you think is the fairest solution?

你认为最合理的解决方式是什么？

The report is a fair summary of the issues facing us.

这份报告对我们所面临的问题做了适当的总结。

It seems fair to give them a second chance.

再给他们一次机会似乎是应该的。

[it’s only fair (that)](bold)(=used to say that it is right to do something)

It’s only fair that we tell him what’s happening.

我们将发生的事情告诉他，这才公平。

[it’s fair to say (that)](bold)(=used when you think what you are saying is correct or reasonable)

It’s fair to say that by then he had lost the support of his staff.

恰当地说，那时他已经失去了员工的支持。

I can’t carry on working such long hours. It’s not fair on my family.

工作时间这样长，我干不下去了，那对我家人不公平。

treating everyone in a way that is right or equal

Why does Eric get to go and I don’t? [It’s not fair](bold)!

为什么埃里克能去我就不能？这不公平！

那条旧法律对女性不公平。

You pay him $10 an hour – it’s only fair that I should get the same.

你给他每小时10美元，那我也应该得到同样的报酬才公平。

My boss expects a lot – but he’s very fair.

我的老板要求很高——但是他很公平。

a fair size/amount/number/bit/distance etc

I’ve still got a fair amount of work left to do.

We had travelled a fair way (=quite a long distance) by lunch time.

到中午时分，我们已走了很多路。

[there’s a fair chance (that)/of sth](bold)(=it is quite likely that something will happen)

There’s a fair chance we’ll be coming over to England this summer.

今年夏天我们很可能会去英格兰。

someone who is fair, or who has fair hair or skin, has hair or skin that is very light in colour

浅色的；白皙的；〔人〕白肤金发的

a fair fight, game, or election is one that is played or done according to the rules

〔拳击、比赛、选举〕公平的，根据规则进行的

neither particularly good nor particularly bad

Her written work is excellent but her practical work is only fair.

她的笔头功夫很出色，但实际动手能力却只是一般。

weather that is fair is pleasant and not windy, rainy etc

It should be generally fair and warm for the next few days.

接下来的几天天气总体来说晴朗暖和。

have had more than your fair share of sth

to have had more of something, especially something unpleasant, than seems reasonable

遇到某事太多了〔尤指不愉快之事〕

Poor old Alan! He’s had more than his fair share of bad luck recently.

可怜的老艾伦！他最近遇到的倒霉事太多了。

to give someone the opportunity to do something, especially so that they can show that they are able to do it

给某人一个机会〔尤为了让他们证明有能力〕

to treat someone, or to be treated, in a way that gives everyone the same chances as everyone else

给某人/获得公平的待遇[均等的机会]

Women don’t always get a fair shake in business.

女性在工作中并不总能获得公平的待遇。

using any method to get what you want, including dishonest or illegal methods

used to say that in some situations any method of getting what you want is acceptable

情场和战场，两者皆不厌诈〔指在某些情况下可为达到目的而不择手段〕

used to say that you agree with someone’s suggestion or that something seems reasonable

‘I think we should split the bill.’ ‘Fair enough.’

“我觉得应该大家平摊费用。”“行。”

used when adding something after someone has been criticized, which helps to explain or excuse what they did

She should have phoned to tell us what her plans were although, to be fair, she’s been very busy.

她应该打个电话把她的计划告诉我们。不过，说句公道话，她一直很忙。

used to tell someone not to be unreasonable or criticize someone too much

Now Pat, be fair, the poor girl’s trying her hardest!

好了帕特，要公道一些，那个可怜的女孩子尽力了！

used when you think it is fair that someone should do something, especially because of something that has happened earlier

应当公道才是，大家应该公平

Come on, fair’s fair – I paid last time so it’s your turn.

得了，应当公平才是——上次我付的钱，这次该你了。

used to say that a remark or criticism seems reasonable

used to say that an offer you are making to someone is the best and fairest offer they can possibly get

这是再公道不过了，不能比这更合理了

I’ll give you £25 for it – you can’t say fairer than that, can you?

我付给你25英镑——这再公道不过了，不是吗？

used humorously to admit that you should not be doing something that someone has caught you doing

这是罪有应得，活该被抓个正着〔幽默说法，表示承认不应该做某事〕

if you do something with your own fair hands, you do it yourself without any help – used humorously

用自己的双手，亲自〔幽默用法〕

[have a fair idea of sth](bold) at → [idea](->idea)


fair

a form of outdoor entertainment, at which there are large machines to ride on and games in which you can win prizes

an outdoor event, at which there are large machines to ride on, games to play, and sometimes farm animals being judged and sold

集市〔有大型可骑乘的游戏设施、各式游戏，有时还对牲畜进行评比并出售〕

an event at which people or businesses show and sell their products

书展/古玩展/手工艺品展销会/商品交易会等

a trade fair (=where companies show their newest products)

a craft fair (=where people sell handmade products such as jewellery, paintings etc)

an event where people go to get information about different kinds of jobs

an outdoor event with games and things to eat and drink, usually organized to get money for a school, club etc

〔一般为学校、俱乐部等筹款的〕义卖会

a market where animals and farm products are sold

〔出售牲畜和农产品的〕市场，集市


fair

to win a competition, sports match etc honestly and without cheating

正大光明地在 …中获胜/打败某人

to do something in a fair and honest way

In international trade, very few countries play fair.

在国际贸易中，很少有国家按规矩办事。


fairly

more than a little, but much less than very

那幢房子有个还算大的花园。

The instructions seem fairly straightforward.

in a way that is fair, honest, and reasonable

我感到自己没有受到公正对待。

used to emphasize the degree, force etc of an action

简直，竟然〔用于强调某个行为动作的程度、力度等〕

他骑车从我们身旁一晃而过。


fairness

the basic fairness of the judicial system

used after you have just criticized someone, in order to add something that explains their behaviour or performance

（为某人）说句公道话，公正地说〔用于在批评某人后说一些有利于他的话〕

Tardelli had a poor match, although in fairness he was playing with a knee injury.

塔尔代利在场上表现很差，但说句公道话，他是带着膝伤参加比赛的。


fairy

a small imaginary creature with magic powers, which looks like a very small person


faith

The public no longer has faith in the government’s policies.

We have every faith in your ability to solve the problem.

The Conservative party put its faith in the free market.

The club have shown faith in the young goalkeeper by offering him a permanent contract.

Local people have lost faith in the police.

Terry’s lies had destroyed Liz’s faith in men.

His kindness had restored her faith in human nature.

Ford placed enormous faith in the new model.

The owners have complete faith in Sam as manager.

He believes that our blind faith in technology is misplaced.

a strong feeling of trust or confidence in someone or something

“要有信心，亚历山德拉。”他说道。

The public has lost faith in the government.

[destroy/restore sb’s faith (in sb/sth)](bold)

It’s really helped restore my faith in human nature.

此事确实使我重拾对人性的信心。

[the Jewish/Muslim/Hindu etc faith](bold)

to stop supporting or believing in a person, organization, or idea

背弃[脱离]某人/某事物

How could he tell them the truth without breaking faith with the Party?

他如何才能向他们说明实情，同时又不背弃该党呢？

to continue to support or believe in a person, organization, or idea

恪守对某人/某事物的信任[支持]

He proposed a second meeting as a sign of his good faith.

他建议再举行一次会议，以表示他的诚意。

The woman who sold me the car claimed she had [acted in good faith](bold)(=had not meant to deceive me).

那个卖车给我的女人声称她是诚心诚意的。

intentions that are not honest or sincere

something you do that shows you trust someone completely

Allowing Ken to be in charge of the project was a total act of faith.

让肯来负责该计划完全是出于对他的信任。


faithful

continuing to support a person, party, belief etc for a long time

his long and faithful service to the party

He remained faithful to his fatherland right to the end.

She was one of the party’s most faithful and hard-working members.

supporting a particular person, party, set of beliefs, etc – used especially about someone you can can trust and depend on to support you

The women have remained loyal to the goals of the Communist Party.

I am not blindly loyal. If I see something that I think is a mistake which could be handled better, I will say so.

strongly supporting someone or something because you admire them, love them, or enjoy what they do

a staunch supporter, defender, or is very loyal, in spite of problems or difficulties

He is a staunch supporter of the president.

a steadfast friend or supporter is very loyal. Also used about someone’s support or service

Lewis was a generous and steadfast friend.

the steadfast support of America's allies

The Queen has set a shining example of steadfast service to her country.

faithful and loyal to someone, or to your beliefs, principles etc, even if there are problems

In times like these you find out who your true friends are.

He remained true to his socialist principles.

She promised that she would always be true to him.

feeling a lot of love and respect for your country

His speech was full of patriotic rhetoric.

remaining loyal to a particular person, belief, political party etc and continuing to support them

〔对某人、信念、政党等〕忠诚的，忠实的

years of [faithful service](bold) to the company

He [remained faithful](bold) to his principles to the last.

representing an event or an image in a way that is exactly true or that looks exactly the same

如实的，准确可靠的；忠于原事[物]的

a [faithful reproduction](bold) of the original picture

if you are faithful to your wife, boyfriend etc, you do not have a sexual relationship with anyone else

Do you think Bob’s always been faithful to you?

你觉得鲍勃一直对你忠诚吗？


faithful

the people who are very loyal to a leader, political party etc and continue to support them

〔领袖、政党等的〕忠实支持者

Hess still has the support of [the party faithful](bold).

赫斯仍有忠实党员的支持。

church bells calling the faithful to evening prayer

忠实的追随者[支持者，成员]

A handful of [old faithfuls](bold) came to the meeting.

一些多年的忠实追随者来参加了会议。


fake

a copy of a valuable object, painting etc that is intended to deceive people

Jones can spot a fake from 20 feet away.

琼斯在20英尺开外就能认出假货。

someone who is not what they claim to be or does not have the skills they say they have

Her psychologist turned out to be a fake.

她的心理医生原来是个骗子。


fake

made to look like a real material or object in order to deceive people

→see THESAURUS at [artificial](->artificial)   →see THESAURUS at [false](->false)

not real and seeming to be something it is not, in order to deceive people

She was speaking with a fake German accent.


fake

to make something seem real in order to deceive people

She faked her father’s signature on the cheque.

她在支票上伪造了其父的签名。

The insurance company suspected that he had faked his own death.

保险公司怀疑他制造了自己死亡的假象。

The results of the experiments were faked.

这些实验的结果都是伪造出来的。

to pretend to be ill, interested etc when you are not

I thought he was really hurt but he was [faking it](bold).

我以为他真受伤了，可他只是装出来的。

to pretend to move in one direction, but then move in another, especially when playing sport

〔尤指体育比赛中〕做（ …的）假动作


fall

fall about
fall apart
fall away
fall back
fall back into
fall back on
fall behind
fall down
fall for
fall in
fall into
fall in with
fall off
fall on/upon
fall out
fall over
fall through
fall to

[be/fall under a spell](bold) at → [spell](->spell) 2 sense 3 [fall on your feet](bold) at → [foot](->foot) 1 sense 19 [sb’s face fell](bold) at → [face](->face) 1 [stand or fall by/on](bold) at → [stand](->stand) 1 sense 33

to suddenly go down onto the floor when standing, walking, or running

She fell on the stairs and broke her ankle.

to fall or almost fall when you hit your foot against something

to fall or almost fall when you are walking on a wet or very smooth surface

I was scared I would slip on the highly polished floor.

to almost fall when you put your foot down in an awkward way

One of our porters stumbled on the rough ground.

to fall suddenly and heavily to the ground, especially when you become unconscious

One of the runners collapsed halfway through the race.

to become unsteady so that you start to fall over

She lost her balance on the first step and fell down the stairs.

Have something to hold onto, in case you lose your balance.

to fall forwards so you are lying on your front on the ground

She fell flat on her face getting out of the car.

[past tense](italic) [fell](bold) /fel/ [past participle](italic) [fallen](bold) /ˈfɔːlən/ US /ˈfɒːl-/

to move or drop down from a higher position to a lower position

Enough rain had fallen to flood the grounds.

She flushed and her [eyes fell](bold)(=she looked down).

to suddenly go down onto the ground after you have been standing, walking, or running, especially without intending to

Peter was playing by the river when he [fell in](bold)(=fell into the water).

彼得在河边玩着玩着，掉进了水里。

[fall to/on your knees](bold)(=move down to the ground so that your body is resting on your knees)

[fall flat on your face](bold) at → [flat](->flat) 3 sense 5

to go down to a lower level, amount, price etc, especially a much lower one

〔尤指水平、数量、价格等较大幅度地〕下跌，下降，降低

→see THESAURUS at [decrease](->decrease) 1

The island is warm all year round and winter temperatures never fall below 10 degrees.

这个岛全年温暖，冬季气温从不低于10度。

He believes that educational standards are falling.

Advertising revenue fell from $98.5 million to $93.3 million.

广告收益从9,850万美元跌至9,330万美元。

The number of subscribers had fallen to 1,000.

订阅人数已降至1,000人。

[fall sharply/steeply](bold)(=by a large amount)

London share prices fell sharply yesterday.

In everyday English, people often say an amount or level [goes down](bold)  rather than [falls](bold) :

House prices have [gone down](bold) again.

to start to be in a new or different state

进入〔新的或不同的状态〕

I’ll stay with her until she [falls asleep](bold).

我会一直陪着她，直到她睡着。

I think that I’ve [fallen in love](bold) with Angela.

Albert fell silent and turned his attention to his food.

艾伯特一下子沉默了，将注意力转移到食物上。

The house was empty for many years and fell into disrepair.

那幢房子空置多年，变得破旧不堪。

One false step can mean falling into debt.

走错一步就可能意味着负债。

to belong to or be part of a particular group, area of responsibility, range of things, or type of things

Many illnesses fall into the category of stress-related illnesses.

The judge said that this matter did not fall within the scope of the auditor’s duties.

法官称这件事不属于审计员的职责范畴。

The job falls under the heading of ‘sales and marketing’.

这个职位属于“市场营销”一类。

Meat production [falls under the control](bold) of the Agriculture Department.

to be less than the amount or standard that is needed or that you want

未达到 …；不足 …；未满 …

This year’s profit will fall short of 13%.

今年的利润将不足13%。

He would sack any of his staff who fell short of his high standards.

他会将任何没有达到他高标准的员工开除掉。

to get a very serious illness or be attacked or deceived by someone

成了 …的罹患者/受害者

Breastfed babies are less likely to fall victim to stomach disorders.

母乳喂养的宝宝不太会出现胃部不适。

if night etc falls, it starts to become dark at the beginning of the night

夜幕降临，气温越来越低。

Darkness had fallen by the time we reached home.

我们到家的时候天已经黑了。

used to say that a person, group, or place becomes quiet, sad etc

安静下来/寂静下来/悲伤起来等

to start doing something or being involved with something, often without intending to

I [fell into conversation](bold) with some guys from New York.

我开始与几个纽约来的家伙聊了起来。

He had [fallen into the habit of](bold) having a coffee every time he passed the coffee machine.

他养成了习惯，每次经过咖啡机都要喝一杯。

if parts of a situation that you have been trying to understand fall into place, you start to understand how they are connected with each other

变得一清二楚；变得条理清楚；变得明朗

Suddenly, all the details started falling into place.

突然间，所有的细节都明朗起来。

if the parts of something that you want to happen fall into place, they start to happen in the way that you want

〔事情〕按照意愿[设想]发生

I was lucky because everything fell into place at exactly the right time.

我真幸运，一切都来得正当时。

The book had been well used and finally fell to pieces.

这本书被频繁使用，最后散了架。

if something such as a plan or a relationship falls to pieces, it stops working properly

〔计划或关系等〕崩盘，破裂

if something is falling to pieces, it is in very bad condition, especially because it is very old

快散架了〔尤因其相当旧〕

if a joke, remark, or performance falls flat, it fails to interest or amuse people

〔笑话、言论或表演〕达不到预期效果，无法逗人笑

马洛讲的笑话没有把大家逗乐。

to do something which makes someone angry or which breaks a rule, with the result that you are punished

激怒某人/违反某事物〔从而受到惩处〕

He is worried that his teenage kids will [fall foul of the law](bold).

他担心他那几个十几岁的孩子会犯法。

to fail, or to stop being done, used, or made

半途而废；不再进行；停止使用

Health reform was one of his goals that fell by the wayside.

医疗卫生改革是他的目标之一，却在半途夭折了。

Luxury items fall by the wayside during a recession.

在经济衰退时期，奢侈品乏人问津。

to stop being liked by people in authority

He fell from grace for the first time when he was convicted of drink-driving.

他被判犯有酒后驾驶罪后，第一次失去了人们的信任。

to be forced to leave an important job or position, or lose the respect that people had for you

从高位跌落〔指被迫离开要职或失去了人们的尊重〕

if something or someone falls into the hands of an enemy or dangerous person, the enemy etc gets control or possession of them

He wants to prevent the business falling into the hands of a competitor.

他想阻止公司落入对手的手中。

We must not let these documents [fall into the wrong hands](bold).

我们一定不能让这些文件落到坏人手中。

Don’t fall into the trap of feeling guilty.

to start to walk next to someone else, at the same speed as them

Holly slowed her pace and fell into step with the old man.

霍莉放慢步子，与老人并肩齐行。

to start doing something in the same way as the other members of a group

（与 …）步调一致；（与 …）方式一样

The other countries on the Council are expected to fall into step with the US.

预计理事会的其他成员国将会与美国步调一致。

to obey someone or do what other people want you to do, especially when you do not want to do it at first

Most countries have signed the treaty but some are reluctant to fall into line.

大多数国家已签署了该条约，但也有些国家不愿顺从。

他那深色的头发垂落下来，遮住了脸庞。

to shine on a surface or go onto a surface

〔光〕照射；〔影子〕投映

The last rays of sunlight were falling on the fields.

Arthur’s shadow fell across the doorway.

to happen on a particular day or at a particular time

I’d like to dedicate this record to all whose anniversaries fall at this time of year.

我要将这张唱片献给所有在此时庆贺纪念日的人们。

Her birthday will fall on a Friday this year.

if a leader or a government falls, they lose their position of power

The previous government fell after only 6 months in office.

前政府执政仅六个月便下台了。

if a place falls in a war or an election, a group of soldiers or a political party takes control of it

〔战争中〕沦陷，失守；〔选举中〕被控制

The city fell to the advancing Russian armies.

那座城市被挺进的俄军攻陷。

to hit a particular place or a particular part of someone’s body

if someone’s voice or a sound falls, it becomes quieter or lower

〔嗓音或声音〕变轻，变小

used to say that something is very easy to do

to be neither one type of thing nor another, or be unable to choose between two ways of doing something

if a request, suggestion, joke etc falls on stony ground, it is ignored or people do not like it

〔要求、建议、笑话等〕不被人理睬，未产生预期效果

if words fall from someone’s lips, they say them

if an opportunity falls into someone’s lap, they get it without having made any effort to get it

used to say that a particular part of a word, phrase, or piece of music is emphasized or is played more loudly than the rest

重读/重音/拍子落在 …上

In the word ‘report’, the stress falls on the second syllable.

report这个词，重音落在第二个音节上。


fall

You use [in the fall](bold)  or [in fall](bold)  when talking about something that happens during the fall season: He visited them in the fall.

You use [in the fall of](bold)  with a year when saying when something happens: The project will be completed in the fall of 2018.

You say [last fall](bold) : She started college last fall.
Don’t say: [She started college in last fall.](strike)

You say [this fall](bold) : This fall the leaves are really beautiful.
Don’t say: [In this fall the leaves are really beautiful.](strike)

You say [next fall](bold) : The book will come out next fall.
Don’t say: [The book will come out in next fall.](strike)

You say [that fall](bold) : That fall I went to Kyoto.
Don’t say: [In that fall I went to Kyoto.](strike)

movement down towards the ground or towards a lower position

The [rise and fall](bold) of the dancers’ bodies creates a pattern.

舞者身体的起伏构成了一幅图案。

Mrs Evans [had](bold) a [fall](bold)(=fell to the ground) and broke her leg.

埃文斯太太摔了一跤，跌断了一条腿。

He stretched out his hands to [break](bold) his [fall](bold)(=prevent himself from falling too quickly and hurting himself).

他伸出双手撑了一下，不让自己摔得太重。

a reduction in the amount, level, price etc of something

〔数量、水平、价格等的〕下降，降低，减少

the sharp fall in the birth rate in European countries

欧洲国家出生率的急剧下降

Their industrial output went down again in December, which meant a fall of 2.2% over the year.

12月，他们的工业产量再次下降，那就意味着全年减少了2.2%。

the season between summer and winter, when leaves change colour and the weather becomes slightly colder

Eleanor plans to go to Southwestern Community College this fall.

埃莉诺打算今年秋天去上西南社区学院。

a situation in which someone or something loses their position of power or becomes unsuccessful

The president lived on for twenty years after his fall from power.

那位总统下台后活了二十年。

the story of Napoleon’s [rise and fall](bold)(=period of success followed by failure)

Rumours are that the company is [heading for a fall](bold)(=is likely to fail soon).

a situation in which someone stops being respected by other people or loses their position of authority, especially because they have done something wrong

〔尤因做错事后〕不再受人尊敬，失去权威

He was the head of the intelligence service until his fall from grace.

失去人们的信任之前，他是情报部门的负责人。

a situation in which a country, city etc is defeated by an enemy

〔国家、城市等的〕陷落，沦陷；战败，败亡

公元70年耶路撒冷的沦陷

a place where a river suddenly goes straight down over a cliff

The spray from the falls is so dense that you can hardly see.

瀑布溅起浓密的水雾，遮住人的视线。

an act of forcing your opponent onto the ground in wrestling or judo

〔摔跤或柔道中的〕压倒，按倒

an amount of snow, rocks etc that falls onto the ground

〔雪、岩石等的〕降落（量）

公路被落下的岩石堵住了。

the occasion in the Bible when God punished Adam and Eve by making them leave the Garden of Eden

人类堕落〔指《圣经》中上帝惩罚亚当与夏娃，把他们赶出伊甸园〕


false

not real, but intended to seem real and deceive people

made to look or seem like something else, especially something worth a lot more money

a forged  official document or bank note has been illegally made to look like a real one

counterfeit money or goods have been illegally made to look exactly like something else

made to look real – used especially about guns, bombs etc or about materials

The two men used an imitation firearm to carry out the robbery.

false – used when you think someone is deliberately trying to deceive people

The doctors were accused of supplying phoney medical certificates.

false and giving a wrong impression about someone or something

The company was trying to get some spurious respectability by using our name.

a statement, story etc that is false is completely untrue

Please decide whether the following statements are [true or false](bold).

In everyday English, people usually say [not true](bold)  rather than [false](bold) , apart from in the fixed expression [true or false](bold) :

[What he said was [false](bold).](strike)

I don’t want to give you any [false hopes](bold).

我不想让你有任何虚假的希望。

The statement gives us a [false impression](bold) that we understand something when we do not.

这句话使我们产生错觉，以为自己懂了，但其实并没懂。

[false assumptions](bold) about people of other cultures

对来自其他文化的人的错误假设

[a false sense of security](bold)(=a feeling of being safe when you are not really safe)

→see THESAURUS at [artificial](->artificial)

The drugs were hidden in a suitcase with a false bottom.

毒品藏在一个有暗底的手提箱里。

The man had given a false name and address.

那男子报了个假名和假地址。

not sincere or honest, and pretending to have feelings that you do not really have

不真诚的；不诚实的；假装的

‘You played brilliantly.’ ‘Not really,’ Ian replied with [false modesty](bold).

“你弹得真好。”“哪里。”伊恩故作谦虚地答道。

something that you think will save you money but which will really cost you more

It’s a false economy not to have travel insurance.

不买旅游保险看起来省钱了，其实并不划算。

if you get something under false pretences, you get it by deceiving people

He was accused of obtaining money under false pretences.

a small movement or action that will result in harm

〔会引起伤害的〕不明智行动

the illegal act of putting someone in prison or arresting them for a crime they have not committed