close

[closeness](bold) n. <U> eg: She had never had the physical or emotional closeness that she needed.

[play your cards close to your chest](bold) at → [card](->card) 1 sense 14

She moved  forward to take a close look at the painting.

They have to keep a close eye on their finances.

A closer examination of the facts soon solved the mystery.

Their research involved a close study of two communities.

You will lose weight if you combine exercise with close attention to your diet.

(=careful and thorough examination of someone or something)

The investigation included close scrutiny of the images on CCTV.

(=looking at someone or something in detail)

Closer inspection revealed that the rocks were from an earlier period.

(=constantly making sure that someone does things in the correct way)

Initially there will be close supervision of the trainee.

[comparative](italic) [closer](bold) [superlative](italic) [closest](bold)

If you need to buy bread or milk, the closest shop is about a mile away.

如果你需要买面包或牛奶，最近的商店大概有一英里远。

Susan sat on a chair close to the window.

苏珊坐在靠窗口的一把椅子上。

I don’t mind where we go on vacation as long as it’s close to a beach.

我不介意我们去哪里度假，只要是靠近海滩就行。

His eyes were small and [close together](bold).

他眼睛很小，而且挨得很近。

There are several accounts of dolphins living [in close proximity](bold) to humans (=close to humans).

几次有人报告说有海豚与人类比邻而居。

The victim had been shot [at close range](bold)(=from very close).

被害者是被近距离枪杀的。

时间已近子夜1点15分。

seeming very likely to happen or very likely to do something soon

The two countries are close to signing a peace agreement.

我们快要达成这笔交易了。

[close to death/tears/despair etc](bold)

The old dog could barely whimper and seemed close to death.

这条老狗连呜咽的气力都没有，好像快要死了。

The prosecution’s main witness was close to tears as she described the assault.

控方主要证人在描述袭击事件时几乎落泪。

if two people are close, they like or love each other very much

I felt closer to Rob that evening than ever before.

那晚我觉得和罗布比以前更亲近了。

Fiona and I have always been [close friends](bold).

我和菲奥娜一直都是密友。

When I saw Henry with another woman I felt something close to jealousy.

当我看到亨利和另一个女人在一起时，我有一种近似嫉妒的感觉。

Fitt was [the closest thing to](bold) a socialist in the party.

菲特是党内最像社会主义者的人。

Their newest model [bears a close resemblance to](bold)(=is very similar to) that of their rival competitor.

他们的最新型号和竞争对手的型号非常相似。

looking at, thinking about, or watching something very carefully

[take/have/get a close look (at sth)](bold)

She lifted up Jenny’s silver medallion to take a closer look.

她拿起珍妮的银质圆牌以便看个仔细。

[keep a close watch/eye on](bold)(=watch someone or something very carefully)

Don’t worry, I’ll keep a close eye on the kids.

别担心，我会小心看管孩子们的。

You could have improved your answers by [closer attention](bold) to detail.

如果多注意点细节，你会答得更好。

if a number or amount is close to another number or amount, it is not much higher or lower than it

We don’t know the exact figures, but about 10,000 might be a close approximation (=close to the actual figure).

我们不清楚确切数目，但一万可能是接近的数字。

finishing or being played, fought etc with both sides almost equal

几乎平手的，势均力敌的，难分高下的

It was a close game that could have gone either way.

那是一场势均力敌的比赛，胜负只是毫厘之差。

[a close second/third etc](bold)(=very nearly first, second etc)

The result is [too close to call](bold)(=so close that it is impossible to know who will win).

比分十分接近，胜负难料。

a member of your family such as your brother, sister, parent etc

The wedding was attended by close family only.

used when you have only just managed to avoid something bad, dangerous, or embarrassing happening

‘Phew, [that was close](bold),’ Frank said as he swerved to avoid the cyclist.

“咳，真险。”弗兰克一边急转避开那个骑自行车的人一边说。

[a close call/thing/shave](bold)(=a situation in which something dangerous, embarrassing etc almost happens)

United had a close shave when Liverpool almost scored.

利物浦队差点得分，联队躲过一劫。

very nearly getting, finding, or achieving something

几乎要 …的，差不多要 …的

At this point, the investigators were closer to the truth than they realized.

此时调查人员差不多就要发现真相了，可他们自己还没意识到。

if two people keep in close contact, they see, talk to, or write to each other often

Text messaging enables people to keep in close contact at all times.

发送短信可以使人们一直保持密切联系。

relating to a situation in which people work well with each other or talk to each other often

He retained very [close links](bold) with France throughout his life.

他毕生都和法国保持着紧密的联系。

What we need now is [closer cooperation](bold) between the club and supporters.

我们现在需要的是俱乐部与球迷更密切地合作。

with little or no space around something or between things

The horses are always eager for exercise after the close confinement of the stables.

马儿被关在狭小的马厩里，出来之后总是急不可待地想活动一下。

The shoe is a close fit (=there is no space around the foot).

I find it difficult to read such close print (=with letters printed so close together).

这样密密麻麻的字，我很难读下去。

used to tell someone that they have almost guessed or answered something correctly

‘I reckon he must be about 38.’ ‘Close – he was 40 last week.’

“我估计他一定在38岁左右。”“猜得差不多，上星期他满40岁了。”

if something someone says is close to the bone, it makes you feel uncomfortable or offends you, especially because it is about something you do not want to admit is true

〔某人说的话〕触到痛处的，令人不快的

used when something someone does or says is almost correct or successful

只差一点就对了；只差一点就成功了

It was close, but no cigar for the Dodgers as they lost to the Reds 4–3.

道奇队只差一点，他们以3比4败给了红人队。

if something that happens is too close for comfort, it is near enough to make you feel nervous or afraid

From somewhere too close for comfort came the sound of machine-gun fire.

机枪声从近处传来，令人感到不安。

if a remark or criticism is close to home, it makes you feel uncomfortable because it is likely to be true

〔说话或批评〕因击中要害而令人尴尬的

His comments struck unpleasantly close to home.

他的话切中要害，让人不舒服。

if something unpleasant happens close to home, you are directly affected by it

〔令人不愉快的事〕发生在自己身边的，直接影响到自身的

It’s one thing seeing riots on TV, but when they happen so close to home it’s a different matter.

在电视上看到暴乱是一回事，暴乱发生在你身边又是另一回事。

if something happens or is done at close quarters, it happens inside a small space or is done from a short distance away

〔所发生的事〕近在咫尺，近距离地

The troops had been fighting at close quarters.

军队发生了近距离的战斗。

uncomfortably warm because there seems to be no air

The weather that night was hot and close, with a hint of thunder in the distance.

那晚的天气又热又闷，远处还有隐约的雷声。

unwilling to tell people about something

You’re very close about your work, aren’t you?

你对自己的工作闭口不谈，是不是？

You won’t get a penny out of Jack – he’s very close with his money.

你别想从杰克那里得到一分钱，他这人吝啬得很。

when the hair on someone’s face is cut very close to the skin

work that involves looking at or handling things in a very skilful, detailed, and careful way

After years of close work, she could hardly see a thing if it was over a yard away.

她干了很多年的细活，一码以外的东西她就几乎看不见了。

a close vowel is pronounced with only a small space between the tongue and the top of the mouth


close

[sail close to the wind](bold) at → [sail](->sail) 1 sense 6

Come a little closer, so you can see better.

靠近一点，这样你就能看得更清楚了。

Her father lives quite [close by](bold).

They were sitting [close together](bold) on the couch.

他们坐在长沙发上，紧紧地靠在一起。

A variety of good restaurants are [close at hand](bold)(=very near).

附近有各式各样的好餐馆。

James heard footsteps [close behind](bold) him.

詹姆斯听到身后有很近的脚步声。

Ronnie sped off, with his brother’s car following [close behind](bold).

龙尼疾驰而去，他弟弟的车紧随其后。

[hold/draw sb close](bold)(=hold someone against your body)

Now that I could see him close up, I saw that he was very attractive.

这时我能够近距离看他了，发觉他很英俊。

used to talk about a number, amount etc that is almost exact, but not completely

差不多2,000英里的航程

I tell you, I was so mad I came close to hitting her.

我告诉你，我气得差点打了她。

She came so close to the finals she must have been bitterly disappointed to go out now.

她差点就进入决赛，现在出局她肯定极为失望。

to be almost as good as someone or something else

It’s not as good as his last movie, but it comes pretty close.

这没有他上一部影片好，但也差得不多。

a situation in which the people competing with each other are almost equal, so neither of them is more likely to win than the other

The upcoming election looks likely to be a close run thing.

即将来临的大选看来胜负难分。

[come/follow close on the heels of sth](bold)

Yet another scandal followed close on the heels of the senator’s resignation.

继参议员辞职后紧接着又发生了一桩丑闻。

An electric razor doesn’t really shave as close as a blade.

电动剃须刀其实没有刀片刮得干净。

to be almost as successful, skilful etc as someone else

Last season United ran them close both at home and away.

上个赛季，联队主客场都和他们几乎不分伯仲。


close

the end of an activity or of a period of time

〔活动或一段时间的〕结束，末尾

[At the close of](bold) trade, the Dow Jones index was 1.92 points down.

收盘时，道琼斯指数下跌了1.92点。

The monsoon season was [drawing to a close](bold)(=ending).

The event [came to a close](bold)(=finished) with a disco.

这次活动以迪斯科舞会结束。

Finally the meeting was [brought to a close](bold)(=ended).


close

used in street names for a road that has only one way in or out

死巷，死胡同〔用于街道名称〕

the area and buildings surrounding a cathedral


closed

一定要把所有的窗户都关好。

She kept her eyes [tightly closed](bold).

if a shop, public building etc is closed, it is not open and people cannot enter or use it

〔商店、公共建筑等〕关门的，不开放的

[closed to the public/visitors etc](bold)

The castle is closed to visitors in winter.

这座城堡冬天不对游客开放。

restricted to a particular group of people

The golf club has [closed membership](bold).

该高尔夫球俱乐部限定会员资格。

The police have a [closed circle](bold) of suspects.

警方已经锁定嫌疑人范围。

not willing to accept new ideas or influences

闭关自守的，不受外来影响的

You’re facing this situation with a [closed mind](bold).

你在这件事上思想太守旧了。

[closed society/world/way of life](bold)

Venetian art in this period was a closed world.

这一时期的威尼斯艺术是一个封闭的世界。

if something happens behind closed doors, it happens in private and the public are not allowed in

It seems that the deal was made behind closed doors.

这笔交易似乎是秘密达成的。

Football authorities ordered the club to play its next two games behind closed doors after the riots in February.

2月份的骚乱发生后，足球管理机构责令该俱乐部接下来空场两场。

a subject or problem that someone does not know about or understand

（某人）一无所知[毫不理解]的学科[问题]

Mathematics has always been a closed book to me.

a restricted group, or a group that cannot change or grow

The law is not a closed set of rules and principles.

法律并不是一套不可改变的规定和原则。

[in closed session](bold) at → [session](->session) sense 2


closely

The detective [watched](bold) him [closely](bold), waiting for a reply.

侦探紧盯着他看，等着他回答。

Political activity is closely controlled.

政治活动受到严密的控制。

Details of the program are [a closely-guarded secret](bold).

该项目的细节是严格保密的。

I have been [closely involved](bold) in the work of both committees.

我一直密切参与这两个委员会的工作。

The successful applicant will be [working closely](bold) with our international staff.

被录用者将与我们的国际员工紧密合作。

a creature that [closely resembles](bold) a red monkey

if two or more things are closely related etc, there is a strong connection between them

closely related subjects such as physics, chemistry, and maths

像物理、化学和数学这类紧密相关的学科

Her development as a writer is closely connected with her religion.

她身为作家的成长过程和她信奉的宗教息息相关。

in a way that is close to other things in time or space

lightning, [followed closely](bold) by thunder

We were so closely packed in the elevator I could hardly move.

电梯里人挨着人，我几乎动弹不得。


closet

→ [water closet](->water closet) [a skeleton in the closet](bold) at → [skeleton](->skeleton) sense 5

a cupboard built into the wall of a room from the floor to the ceiling

to tell people that you are homosexual after hiding the fact

to admit something or to start to discuss something that was kept secret before

公开承认秘密；公开以前保密的事

to not tell people that you are homosexual


closet

someone who is a homosexual etc but who does not want to admit it

不愿公开承认的同性恋/酗酒者等


closet

to shut someone in a room away from other people in order to discuss something private, to be alone etc

把 …引进密室会谈；把 …关在小房间里

All morning he’d been closeted with various officials.

整个上午他都在房间里和各种官员密谈。

Don’t let her closet herself away in her room.

别让她把自己关在房间里。

[Closet](bold)  is usually either passive or reflexive (=followed by [myself/herself](bold)  etc).


closing

happening or done at the end of an event or a period of time

The judge gave his closing speech to the jury.


closing

the shutting of a factory, school, hospital etc permanently

〔工厂、学校、医院等的〕关闭，歇业，倒闭


closure

when a factory, school, hospital etc has to close permanently

〔工厂、学校、医院等的〕关闭，倒闭，歇业

Several military bases are [threatened with closure](bold).

the closure of St Bartholomew’s Hospital

when a road, bridge etc is closed for a short time so that people cannot use it

〔道路、桥梁等的〕暂时封闭

On the M40, there are [lane closures](bold) near Oxford.

在40号高速公路上近牛津处有车道被封闭。

when an event or a period of time is brought to an end, or the feeling that something has been completely dealt with

〔事件或一段时间的〕了结，了断；解脱感

Funerals help give people a sense of closure.


cloth

material used for making things such as clothes

最上乘的真丝面料做的连衣裙

a piece of cloth used for a particular purpose

→ [dishcloth](->dishcloth) → [facecloth](->facecloth) → [tablecloth](->tablecloth)


clothe

The children lay on the bed, fully clothed and fast asleep.

孩子们和衣躺在床上，睡得很熟。

to provide clothes for yourself or other people

They could barely keep the family fed and clothed.

他们几乎无力为家人提供衣食。


clothes

[Clothes ](bold) is a plural noun. If you want to talk about one shirt, one sock etc, you say a [piece of clothing ](bold) or an [item of clothing](bold) .

[Clothes](bold)  is always followed by a plural verb: All my clothes [are ](bold) packed and I’m ready for my trip.

things you wear to cover your body or keep you warm. [Clothes](bold) is always plural

Don’t throw your dirty clothes on the floor!

used when talking in general about a type of clothes, or about making or selling clothes. Also used in the phrase [a piece/item/article of clothing](bold) one of the things that someone wears

It is important to wear protective clothing at all times.

Police found a piece of clothing in the bushes.

one thing that you wear. Also used when talking about buying and selling clothes

a particular style of clothes. Don’t use [dress](bold) on its own

Casual dress is not appropriate for an interview.

used about types of clothes sold in a shop, in the following phrases. Don’t use [wear](bold) on its own

clothes for a particular sport or activity

all the clothes that you own, or all the clothes that you wear at a particular time of year

Her wardrobe consisted mainly of smart clothes for work.

The man was dressed in ordinary clothes.

I told him to get up and put some clothes on.

She took off her clothes and slipped into bed.

I usually change my clothes as soon as I get home from work.

He only took a small bag with a change of clothes.

If you’re walking in the mountains, take plenty of warm clothes.

Most people feel more comfortable in casual clothes.

I don’t often have a chance to wear formal evening clothes.

She spends hundreds of pounds on designer clothes.

They wore their best clothes for the photograph.

It’s best to wear formal clothes for an interview.

Work clothes tend to be black, blue, or grey.

Lou was wearing sports clothes and sunglasses.

Everyone else was wearing ordinary clothes.

(=ordinary clothes rather than a military uniform)

a US army lieutenant in civilian clothes

The shops are already full of winter clothes.

(=ordinary clothes that the police wear in order not to be recognized)

He was arrested by officers in plain clothes.

You’d better change into dry clothes or you’ll get cold.

The club was full of beautiful people wearing trendy clothes.

Italian people are often admired for their elegant clothes.

I decided to throw out all my old-fashioned clothes.

Do you have to wear smart clothes to work?

She was poor and dressed in scruffy clothes.

Charity shops sell second-hand clothes at low prices.

Dowdy clothes make you have less confidence in yourself.

the things that people wear to cover their body or keep warm

我淋浴后穿上干净的衣服。

[a change of clothes](bold) at → [change](->change) 2 sense 6 → [plain-clothes](->plain-clothes)


clothing

The flood victims need shelter and warm clothing.

You’ll only need light clothing during the day.

The shop sells ski-wear and other outdoor clothing.

Laboratory technicians have to wear special protective clothing.

Always take a map, a compass, and waterproof clothing.

The men were hastily pulling on some outer clothing.

There were pieces of clothing scattered around the room.

All items of clothing should be clearly labelled.

In very cold weather it’s good to wear several layers of clothing.

There are plenty of job opportunities in the clothing industry.

basic necessities such as food and clothing

食物和衣服这类基本的生活必需品

[a change of clothing](bold) at → [change](->change) 2 sense 6


cloud

[have your head in the clouds](bold) at → [head](->head) 1 sense 24

a white or grey mass in the sky that forms from very small drops of water

The storm was still a way off but black clouds were gathering.

Thick cloud obscured the top of the hill.

very thick cloud near the ground which is difficult to see through

The cars crashed into each other in thick fog.

light cloud near the ground that makes it difficult for you to see very far. [Mist](bold) is usually not as thick as [fog](bold). You often get mist near areas of water or mountains

The morning mist was lifting and the sun was coming up.

The hills were shrouded in mist surrounded by mist.

smoke, dust, or mist in the air which is difficult to see through

He saw the horses coming towards him through a haze of dust.

A pale blue haze hung over the far-off mountains.

dirty air that looks like a mixture of smoke and fog, caused by smoke from cars and factories in cities

The city is covered in smog for much of the year.

A smog warning was issued for parts of Southern Oregon.

a large dark cloud that you see before or during a storm

He watched the thunderclouds roll across the valley.

the white line that is left in the sky by a plane

High overhead, a jet left its vapour trail across the blue sky.

There was a bright blue sky with a few white clouds.

By midday, heavy clouds had spread across the sky.

The weather was overcast, with heavy low clouds.

Dark storm clouds were moving in from the Atlantic.

The sky had been full of rain clouds for days.

A heavy bank of cloud was creeping across the sky.

The moon was shining through a thin layer of cloud.

The plane flew through occasional wisps of cloud.

Long narrow bands of cloud stretched across the valley.

In the morning, a blanket of cloud still covered the country.

The sky had darkened and clouds had gathered.

For days thick cloud had covered the whole sky.

At last the rain had stopped and the clouds had cleared.

Suddenly the clouds that covered the moon parted.

A narrow band of cloud has been moving across the country.

A few clouds drifted across the top of the mountains.

A wind was blowing and soft clouds were scudding across the sky.

The cloud cover should disappear by the afternoon.

There are many different types of cloud formation.

Heavy [clouds](bold) had [gathered](bold) over the summit of Mont Blanc.

因为低空有云，能见度很差。

→ [storm cloud](->storm cloud) → [thundercloud](->thundercloud)

a mass of dust, smoke etc in the air, or a large number of insects flying together

〔一团灰尘、烟雾或大批飞行的昆虫等的〕云状物

成群成群围着我们嗡嗡叫的蚊子

something that makes you feel afraid, worried, unhappy etc

阴影，阴云〔指令人恐惧、担忧、不快等的事物〕

[cloud on the horizon](bold)(=something that might spoil a happy situation)

The only cloud on the horizon was her mother’s illness.

唯一的忧虑是她母亲患病。

Fears of renewed terrorist attacks [cast a cloud](bold) over the event (=spoilt the happy situation).

对恐怖分子再次发动袭击的担心给这次活动蒙上了一层阴影。

He returned to New York [under a cloud of](bold) gloom and despair.

他心灰意冷地回到了纽约。

if someone is under a cloud, people have a bad opinion of them because they think they have done something wrong

He left the company under a cloud of suspicion.

他在一片猜疑声中离开了公司。

used to say that there is something good even in a situation that seems very sad or difficult

to think that a situation is much better than it really is, in a way that is slightly stupid

the Internet used as something that provides software or space for storing information, rather than having it on your own computer

云〔指提供软件或信息存储空间的因特网〕

They offer a variety of services [in the cloud](bold).

他们提供各种各样的云端服务。


cloud

to make someone less able to think clearly or make sensible decisions

[cloud sb’s judgment/mind/vision etc](bold)

Don’t let your personal feelings cloud your judgement.

不要让你的个人感情蒙蔽你的判断力。

if someone’s face or eyes cloud, or if something clouds them, they start to look angry, sad, or worried

（使）显得阴沉；（使）忧郁

安因为痛苦眼睛黯然无光。

to make something less pleasant or more difficult than it should have been

使 …蒙上阴影，使 …不开心；使 …难做

Her happiness was clouded by having to leave her son behind.

她不得不把儿子留下，因而幸福中掺杂了些许遗憾。

[Cloud](bold)  is usually passive in this meaning.

to make a subject or problem more difficult to understand or deal with, especially by introducing unnecessary ideas

〔尤指用无关信息〕使问题/局面等复杂化

Uninformed judgments only cloud the issue.

毫无根据的意见只会使问题变得复杂。

if glass or a liquid clouds, or if something clouds it, it becomes less clear and more difficult to see through

（使）〔玻璃〕变模糊；（使）〔液体〕变浑浊

因为凝结了水蒸气而变得模糊的玻璃窗

The water clouded and I could no longer see the river bed.

水变得浑浊，我再也看不清河床了。


cloudy

grey in colour, because there are dark clouds – used especially in written descriptions

a leaden sky is grey and full of dark clouds

The gloomy weather shows no sign of improving.

with thick low cloud that is difficult to see through. You use [foggy ](bold) especially about low-lying places

with light low cloud that is difficult to see through. You use [misty](bold) especially about places that are next to water or in the mountains

with air that looks cloudy, because there is smoke, dust, or mist in it

a cloudy sky, day etc is dark because there are a lot of clouds

伴有些许小雨的多云的夜晚

〔液体〕浑浊的，不透明的

cloudy thoughts, memories etc are not very clear or exact

〔思想、记忆等〕模糊的，不清晰的


clown

someone who wears funny clothes, a red nose, bright make-up on their face etc, and does silly things to make people laugh, especially at a circus

someone who often makes jokes or behaves in a funny way

[class clown](bold)(=someone in a school class who behaves in a funny or silly way)

I can’t understand what she sees in that clown.

我不明白她看中了那个蠢货什么。


clown

also: [clown around/about](bold)  [v](bold) <[I](bold)>


club

There’s a football club for the young people in the area.

Why don’t you join one of the school sports clubs?

The youth club is on Thursday nights in the village hall.

Older people may benefit from joining a social club.

The hotel has its own health club with saunas, solarium and work-out equipment.

(=for people who like a particular team, band, person etc)

I used to be a member of the Take That fan club.

(=a sports and social club, usually in the countryside)

Ted was a member of an exclusive country club.

Do you belong to any university clubs or societies?

It’s always possible to form your own club.

The chess club welcomes both beginners and experienced players.

There’s a monthly magazine for club members.

Reg took over as club chairman three years ago,

For further information about membership, contact the club secretary.

(=someone with a position of authority in the club)

At this meeting we will elect new club officials.

→see THESAURUS at [organization](->organization)

→ [country club](->country club) → [fan club](->fan club) → [youth club](->youth club)

an organization for people who share a particular interest or enjoy similar activities, or a group of people who meet together to do something they are interested in

Our chess club really needs new members.

我们的国际象棋俱乐部很需要有新会员的加入。

It costs £15 to [join](bold) the [club](bold).

参加这个俱乐部要交15英镑。

She [belongs to](bold) a local health [club](bold).

她参加了当地的一家健身俱乐部。

the building or place where the members of a particular club meet or play sport

俱乐部〔指俱乐部建筑或所在地〕，会所

我们可以在高尔夫球俱乐部里用晚餐。

a professional organization including the players, managers, and owners of a sports team

In meanings 1 and 2, [club](bold)  is usually followed by a singular verb: The club [meets](bold) on Mondays after school.

In British English, you can also use a plural verb: The club [meet](bold) on Mondays after school.

a place where people go to dance, listen to music, and meet socially

I’m not into the [club scene](bold) at all.

我对夜总会场景一点都不感兴趣。

an organization, traditionally for men only, which provides a comfortable place for its members to relax, eat, or stay the night

我总是待在伦敦的男子俱乐部里。

the building where this organization is based

an organization which people join to buy books, records, wine etc cheaply

图书/唱片/葡萄酒等俱乐部〔其会员可以低价购买书籍、唱片、葡萄酒等〕

a long thin metal stick used in golf to hit the ball

one of the four suitstypes of cards in a set of playing cards, which has the design of three round black leaves in a group together

if a woman is in the club, she is going to have a baby – used humorously

(also: [welcome to the club](bold) ([AmE](bold)) )

used after someone has described a bad situation that they are in, to tell them that you are in the same situation

‘He never listens to me.’ ‘Join the club.’

“他从不听我的话。”“他也不听我的，大家都一样。”


club

[past tense and past participle](italic) [clubbed](bold) [present participle](italic) [clubbing](bold)

baby seals being [clubbed to death](bold)


clue

Any information could provide the police with useful clues.

The poem itself holds a clue about who it was written for.

The bombers may have left behind vital clues.

Detectives are still searching the house for clues.

Investigators descended on the crime scene hunting for clues.

No one had found any clues as to where the missing girl could be.

The car used in the robbery may provide important clues.

A videotape could hold vital clues to the criminal’s identity.

They searched the surrounding area for further clues.

She opened every drawer in her desperate search for clues.

an object or piece of information that helps someone solve a crime or mystery

〔帮助破案或解开谜团的〕线索，提示

警方发现了至关重要的线索。

We now have an important clue as to the time of the murder.

我们现在掌握了有关这宗谋杀案发生时间的重要线索。

Archaeological evidence will [provide clues](bold) about what the building was used for.

考古证据将为这幢建筑的用途提供线索。

This information is a valuable clue in our hunt for the bombers.

这一信息是我们追捕放置炸弹者极有用的线索。

information that helps you understand the reasons why something happens

〔有助于弄清事情缘由的〕线索

Childhood experiences may provide a clue as to why some adults develop eating disorders.

关于为什么有些成年人会出现饮食失调，童年时期的经历也许可以提供线索。

a piece of information that helps you solve a crossword puzzle, answer a question etc

〔解开纵横填字谜、回答问题等的〕提示

I’ll [give](bold) you [a clue](bold), Kevin, it’s a kind of bird.

我给你个提示吧，凯文，那是一种鸟。

to not have any idea about the answer to a question, how to do something, what a situation is etc

（对于在哪里/为什么/如何等）一无所知，毫无头绪

‘Do you know how to switch this thing off?’ ‘I haven’t a clue.’

“你知道怎么关上这个吗？”“我不知道。”

Until I arrived here, I hadn’t got a clue what I was going to say to her.

在我到达这里之前，我完全不知道要跟她说什么。

to be very stupid, or very bad at a particular activity

〔做起某种事来〕很笨拙，完全不会

Don’t let Mike cook you dinner; he hasn’t got a clue.

别让迈克给你做饭，他一点都不会。

我和女孩子讲起话来笨嘴拙舌的。

No point asking Jill – she hasn’t got a clue about maths.

问吉尔没有用，她对数学一窍不通。


clumsy

moving or doing things in a careless way, especially so that you drop things, knock into things etc

She was very clumsy and was always walking into doors.

With clumsy fingers he took out a pack of cigarettes and tried to light one.

moving in a way that does not seem relaxed or comfortable

Her husband always looked a bit awkward when he was dancing.

moving in a way that is not graceful – used especially about people or things that are big

She collapsed into the chair in an ungainly manner.

not able to control your movements very well, and therefore not very good at physical activities

When she first starting playing tennis, her movements were slow and uncoordinated.

I was very accident-prone as a child and was always having to go to hospital.

to be unable to control your fingers very well, so that you cannot do something

‘Do you want some help unwrapping that?’ ‘Yes please, I’m all fingers and thumbs today.’

[comparative](italic) [clumsier](bold) [superlative](italic) [clumsiest](bold)

→see THESAURUS at [careless](->careless)

A clumsy waiter spilled wine all over her new skirt.

一名笨手笨脚的服务员把葡萄酒洒得她新裙子上到处都是。

a [clumsy attempt](bold) to catch the ball

a clumsy object is not easy to use and is often large and heavy

a clumsy action or statement is said or done carelessly or badly, and likely to upset someone

〔行为或说话〕笨拙的，不得体的

David made a [clumsy attempt](bold) to comfort us.

戴维笨嘴拙舌地安慰我们。


cluster

a group of things of the same kind that are very close together

〔聚集在同一地方的〕一群人

A cluster of children stood around the ice cream van.

一群小孩簇拥在冰激凌车周围。

a group of sectors on one or more computer disks

〔计算机磁盘上的〕丛集，群集，集群


cluster

[v](bold) <[I,T always + adv/prep](bold)>

if a group of people or things cluster somewhere, or are clustered somewhere, they form a small group in that place

Reporters clustered around the palace gates for news.

记者们聚集在王宫门口等着抢新闻。

Industries in Britain tend to be clustered together.

英国的各种制造业往往会集中到一个地方。


clutch

to hold something tightly because you do not want to lose it

She was clutching a bottle of champagne.

她手里紧紧抓着一瓶香槟酒。

to suddenly take hold of someone or something because you are frightened, in pain, or in danger

〔因害怕、疼痛或遇险而〕突然抓住，猛地抓住

他猛地抓住一根柱子作支撑。

Tom fell to the ground clutching his stomach.

if something clutches at your heart, you suddenly feel fear or nervousness

某人突然感到一阵恐惧[不安]

to be trying everything possible to find a solution or hope in a difficult situation, even though it will probably be unsuccessful

I knew that trying the alternative medicine was just clutching at straws.

我很清楚尝试非传统疗法只不过是在抓救命稻草。


clutch

the pedal that you press with your foot when driving a vehicle in order to change gear, or the part of the vehicle that this controls

〔车辆的〕离合器（踏板）

the power, influence, or control that someone has

某人的掌控[影响，统治]

a small boy trying to escape from his mother’s clutches

一个想逃离母亲管束的小男孩

She’ll have him in her clutches soon enough.

不久她就会把他抓在手心里。

a clutch of eggs (=the number of eggs laid by a bird at one time)

a tight hold that someone has on something

我从她的紧抱中挣脱出来。


c/o

the written abbreviation ofcare of, used especially in addresses when you are sending a letter or package to someone who is living in someone else’s house

John Hammond, c/o Mrs Pearce, The Old Rectory, Reepham

里弗姆老教区酒店，皮尔斯夫人转交约翰•哈蒙德


coach

Jody became the women’s basketball coach.

Jim is head coach of the Dallas Mavericks.

He took a job as an assistant coach at the college.

(=for a team that represents a whole country)

Davies was the national coach up to the 1995 World Cup.

The tennis club has a professional coach.

(=travelling quickly without stopping much)

Express coach services run throughout the day.

The company had thirty-five new passenger coaches.

A huge number of tourist coaches visit the site.

We spent three days travelling by coach across France.

A group of tourists were getting on the coach.

When everyone was there, we boarded the coach for the journey home.

The two-night coach trip to Paris will cost £149.

How about going on a coach tour around Europe this year?

(=a relatively short coach journey to visit a place)

There are coach excursions to the great classical site at Ephesus.

(=a group of people who travel by coach)

We’re organizing a coach party to the theatre.

You will go from Victoria Coach Station to Amsterdam.

Our express coach service goes to the South of France and Costa Brava.

The advantage of coach travel is that it’s relatively cheap.

someone who trains a person or team in a sport

someone who gives private lessons to someone in a particular subject, especially so that they can pass an examination

〔尤指为了备考而请的〕家教，私人教师

a bus with comfortable seats used for long journeys

〔内有舒适座椅的〕长途公共汽车

她打算乘长途汽车去格里姆斯比。

去苏格兰的长途公共汽车之行

The restaurant was full of [coach parties](bold)(=groups of people travelling together on a coach).

这家饭店里用餐的全是乘长途公共汽车的旅游团。

one of the parts of the train in which the passengers sit

a large carriage pulled by horses and used in the past for carrying passengers

the cheapest type of seats on a plane or train

〔飞机的〕经济舱；〔火车的〕普通旅客车厢

我们坐经济舱飞往亚特兰大。


coach

to teach a person or team the skills they need for a sport

〔在体育方面〕当 …的教练，训练，培训，指导

Nigel coaches a cricket team in his spare time.

奈杰尔业余时间担任一个板球队的教练。

to give someone private lessons in a particular subject, especially so that they can pass an important test

The child was coached for stardom by her mother.

这个孩子由母亲培养她当明星。

to help someone prepare what they should say or do in a particular situation – used to show disapproval

指导〔某人在某情况下应该说什么或做什么；含贬义〕

The girl must have been carefully coached in what to say in court.

这女孩肯定被仔细教过在法庭上该说什么话。


coal

a hard black mineral which is dug out of the ground and burnt to produce heat

a piece of coal, especially one that is burning

炽热火红的煤块在炉栅里面发着光。

在炙热的煤火上烧烤两分钟。

to take something to a place where there is already plenty of it available

to speak angrily to someone because they have done something wrong

痛骂，大声训斥〔做了错事的人〕


coalition

The Social Democrats rejected their offer to form a coalition.

The Greens of Slovenia agreed to join the coalition led by the Liberal Democratic party.

The coalition was led by the Christian Democrats and the Socialists.

Austria's ruling government coalition collapsed.

The March elections may weaken the ruling coalition.

(=forming an opposition party to the government)

The opposition coalition's strength increased from 37 to 53 seats.

The composition of the three-party coalition remains unchanged.

The left-wing coalition was led by the former guerrilla movement.

There is little enthusiasm among voters for a coalition government.

There were fundamental differences between the two main coalition partners.

Some coalition members are unhappy with the proposal.

The treaty required the backing of both governing coalition parties.

a union of two or more political parties that allows them to form a government or fight an election together

〔由两个或两个以上政党组成的〕联盟

the centre-right [coalition government](bold)

政治上中间偏右的联合政府

an emergency meeting of the three [coalition parties](bold)

三个联盟政党召开的一次紧急会议

a group of people who join together to achieve a particular purpose, usually a political one

〔常为某种政治目的而组成的〕联盟，同盟

a process in which two or more political parties or groups join together

〔两个或两个以上政治党派或团体的〕联合，结盟

He hoped to convert his party members to a belief in coalition.

他希望能转变党内成员的观点，让他们对结盟有信心。

He was working in coalition with other Unionist leaders.

他在与统一党的其他领导人携手合作。


coarse

[coarsely](bold) adv. eg: coarsely ground black pepper

having a rough surface that feels slightly hard

consisting of threads or parts that are thick or large

The coarse sand was hot and rough under her feet.

她脚下的粗沙又烫又硌脚。

talking in a rude and offensive way, especially about sex


coast

St Andrew’s is on the east coast of Scotland.

the land along the edge of the sea or along the edge of a lake

The children managed to swim to shore but their father was swept out to sea.

Vevey is a pretty town on the shores of Lake Geneva.

the land along the edge of the sea, especially where there is sand and rocks

the edge of the land next to the sea – used especially about a long length of land or the shape it makes, for example as seen from the air

The road follows the rugged coastline of northern France for nearly 100 miles.

Environmentalists are concerned about possible damage to some of the most beautiful stretches of Welsh coastline.

the part of a country that is close to the sea. Used mainly about very large countries such as the US or Australia

a place at the edge of the sea where people go for a holiday

He always walks by the ocean in the early morning.

There are sandy beaches in the west and a rugged coast in the east.

We stayed on the south coast of the island.

the Atlantic/Pacific/Mediterranean etc coast

In summer the coast road is very crowded.

There were wonderful sea views from the coast path.

The 13th century chapel lies on a spectacular stretch of coast.

We drove along the Pacific coast to Seattle.

我们沿着太平洋海岸驾车前往西雅图。

I used to live in a small village on the coast (=on the land near the sea).

我以前住在一个滨海小村。

a small island off the coast (=in the sea near the land) of Scotland

the first European to cross Africa [coast to coast](bold)

if the coast is clear, it is safe for you to do something without being seen or caught

〔做某事〕没有危险，危险已经过去


coast

if a car or bicycle coasts, it moves without any effort from you or any power from the engine

〔汽车或自行车〕靠惯性滑行

贝夫骑着自行车沿山坡滑行而下。

to not try very hard to do something well – used to show disapproval

Janey’s teacher says she’s just coasting at school.

珍妮的老师说她在学校里只是混日子。

to be successful at something without much effort

They scored three goals in the first half and from then on United were coasting.

他们在上半场进了三球，此后联队就踢得顺风顺水了。

The Ugandan relay team are [coasting to victory](bold).

乌干达接力队一路领先轻松获胜。

to sail along the coast while staying close to land


coastline

the land on the edge of the coast, especially the shape of this land as seen from the air

〔尤指从空中鸟瞰的〕海岸线，海岸地形

a beautiful [stretch of coastline](bold)

the sandy hills along the coastline of New England


coat

[cut your coat according to your cloth](bold) at → [cut](->cut) 1 sense 43

She was wearing a heavy coat and a thick scarf.

You’ll need a good winter coat in Canada.

I took my walking boots and a waterproof coat.

(=a warm coat with a hood, and buttons shaped like tubes)

He pulled the hood of his duffle coat over his eyes.

In Moscow a lot of the women wear fur coats.

(=a thick pale brown coat made from wool, sometimes mixed with camel hair)

He wore a smart camel coat over his suit.

(=a formal coat that men sometimes wear for weddings)

She took off her coat and went into the kitchen.

I thought my wallet was in my coat pocket.

The small boy was pulling at his mother's coat sleeve.

He hung his jacket on a coat hook in the hall.

a piece of clothing with long sleeves that is worn over your clothes to protect them or to keep you warm

Billy! [Put](bold) your [coat on](bold), it’s cold outside!

比利！穿上外套，外面很冷！

The kids [took off](bold) their [coats](bold) and threw them on the floor.

孩子们脱下外套扔在地板上。

The lab assistants wear long white coats.

实验室助手穿着白色的长外套。

a jacket that you wear as part of a suit

the fur, wool, or hair that covers an animal’s body

a thin layer of a paint or other substance that you spread thinly over the surface of something


coat

to cover something with a thin layer of something else

接下来给鱼裹上一层面包屑。


cock

A cock pheasant rose from the hill in front of me.

一只雄野鸡在我前方的小山上飞起来。

a story or excuse that is silly and unlikely but is told as if it were true

荒诞无稽的故事；编造的借口

a cock and bull story about the dog eating her homework

说是狗把她的家庭作业吃了的谎话

something that controls the flow of liquid or gas out of a pipe or container

→ [ballcock](->ballcock) → [stopcock](->stopcock)

used by some people when talking to a man they know well

老兄，伙计〔用于称呼熟识的男性〕


cock

to lift a part of your body, or hold a part of your body at an angle

竖起，翘起〔身体的一部分〕；将〔身体的一部分〕转向一边

She [cocked](bold) her [head](bold) and considered the offer.

to pull back the hammer of a gun so that it is ready to be fired

to move your hat so that it is at an angle

The little dog looked up and cocked its ears.

to show clearly that you do not respect someone or something

对某人/某物嗤之以鼻，对某人/某物不屑一顾

He has always tried to cock a snook at authority.


cocktail

→ [Molotov cocktail](->Molotov cocktail)

an alcoholic drink made from a mixture of different drinks

small pieces of fish,prawns, or lobster served cold with a sauce and eaten as the first part of a meal

〔西餐作为第一道菜的〕凉拌海鲜/对虾/龙虾

a mixture of several things which is dangerous, unpleasant, confusing, or exciting

〔危险、令人不快、费解或令人激动的〕混合物

a [lethal cocktail](bold) of painkillers and whisky

止痛剂和威士忌的致命搭配

The book contains a powerful cocktail of romance, family crises, and big business.

书中情节错综复杂，有爱情故事，有家庭危机，还有大公司的故事。


cocoa

a brown powder made from cocoa beans, used to make chocolate and to give a chocolate taste to foods

a sweet hot drink made with cocoa powder, sugar, and milk or water

可可饮料〔由可可粉、糖加奶或水制成〕


code

(=rules for people in a particular profession or business)

There is a strict code of conduct for doctors.

Each tribe follows its own code of behaviour.

The family’s code of honour meant that they had to take revenge.

Children acquire their parents’ moral code.

(=relating to the punishment of criminals)

At that time the penal code allowed the death penalty.

Some of the more expensive clubs have a dress code.

(=the official rules about driving in Britain)

You will be tested on your knowledge of the Highway Code.

In future we will have to abide by a strict code of environmental standards.

(=one that people are not legally obliged to follow)

This voluntary code sets standards for retailers on the use of child labour.

Most professional organizations have a code of ethics.

They have established a code of practice for advertisers.

The syndicate decided to draw up a code of conduct for its members.

When children are near water, it’s important to follow a basic safety code.

comply with/adhere to/conform to  a code

All staff must sign and strictly adhere to a Code of Business Ethics.

European steel producers were judged to be breaking the code.

Any companies breaching the code will be expelled from the Association.

the secret codes used during the two world wars

The Enigma machine was used to crack the enemy codes.

His job involved deciphering the codes used by the enemy.

All the information we received during the war was written in code.

The message was sent in code to the task force, as a signal to attack.

(=a secret word you must know to get information, access etc)

UMBRA was the code word for top secret information.

(=a secret name used to hide your real identity)

The spy was referred to in the report only by his code name 'Trevor S'.

a set of rules, laws, or principles that tell people how to behave

法典，法规；行为准则，道德规范

The Torah is the basis for all the Jewish laws and their [moral code](bold).

《托拉》是所有犹太法律和道德规范的基础。

Each state in the US has a different criminal and civil code.

美国的每个州都有不同的刑事和民事法规。

The judge ruled that there had been no [breach](bold) of the [code](bold).

There were plans to introduce a [dress code](bold)(=rules about what to wear) for civil servants.

有计划要推行公务员着装规定。

the [strict code of conduct](bold) that is so much a part of karate

空手道非常重要的一部分——严格的行为规范

[code of practice](bold)(=a set of rules that people in a particular business or profession agree to obey)

The Textile Services Association has [drawn up a code of practice](bold) endorsed by the Office of Fair Trading.

纺织企业协会起草了一份行业规范，得到了公平贸易部的认可。

→ [Highway Code](->Highway Code) → [penal code](->penal code)

a system of words, letters, or symbols that you use instead of ordinary writing, so that the information can only be understood by someone else who knows the system

所有报告均须用密码发送。

[break/crack a code](bold)(=manage to understand a code)

They didn’t realise that we’d broken their secret code.

他们没有意识到我们已经破译了他们的密码。

a set of numbers, letters, or symbols that shows what something is or gives information about it

Goods that you order must have a product code.

你订购的货物肯定都有产品代号。

Every item found on the archaeological dig is given a [code number](bold).

考古发掘时发现的每一件物品都标上了编号。

→ [bar code](->bar code) → [genetic code](->genetic code) → [postcode](->postcode) → [zip code](->zip code)

(also: [dialling code](bold) [STD code](bold) ([BrE](bold)) )

the group of numbers that comes before a telephone number when you are calling from a different area

a set of instructions that tell a computer what to do

→ [machine code](->machine code) → [source code](->source code)

a system of sounds or signals that represent words or letters when they are sent by machine


code

to put a set of numbers, letters, or symbols on something to show what it is or give information about it

Each path is coded to show the level of difficulty.

每条路线都按难度编了号。

研究者给它们编号为X或Y。

to put a message into code so that it is secret

[Code](bold)  is usually passive in this meaning.

（为 …）编程，（为 …）写代码

I think kids should be taught how to code.

我觉得应该教孩子们编程。


coffee

[wake up and smell the coffee](bold) at → [wake up](->wake up)

coffee made by adding a lot of hot milk to a small amount of strong coffee

coffee that has hot milk with a lot of bubbles in it, usually with chocolate powder on top

coffee made by pouring a small amount of strong black Italian coffee on top of hot water

coffee that does not contain . [Decaf](bold) is short for ‘decaffeinated’

a skinny latte or cappuccino has very low-fat milk in it

I asked for a skinny latte, not a full-fat one.

Jake had a quick breakfast and a mug of coffee.

She stopped in a café to have a quick coffee.

He sat in his chair, peacefully sipping his coffee.

He’d accidentally spilt coffee over the table.

He went up to the counter and ordered a black coffee.

(=made very recently using coffee beans)

I needed some strong coffee to wake me up.

Janice crossed to the coffee machine and filled two plastic cups.

(=a break from work to have some coffee)

(=a mark left by coffee or a coffee cup)

a hot dark brown drink that has a slightly bitter taste

Do you like your [coffee white](bold)(=with milk) or [black](bold)?(=without milk)

你的咖啡要加奶还是不加奶？

dinner guests chatting over coffee (=while drinking coffee)

边喝咖啡边交谈的用餐客人

whole coffee beans, crushed coffee beans, or a powder to which you add water to make coffee

咖啡〔指咖啡豆、咖啡粉等〕

I haven’t got any [real coffee](bold)(=coffee beans) at the moment.


coffin

ˈkɒː-, ˈkɑː-

[a nail in sb’s/sth’s coffin](bold) at → [nail](->nail) 1 sense 3

a long box in which a dead person is buried or burnt


cognitive

related to the process of knowing, understanding, and learning something


coherent

[coherently](bold) adv. eg: She could not think coherently.

if a piece of writing, set of ideas etc is coherent, it is easy to understand because it is clear and reasonable

〔文章、观点等〕连贯的，有条理的，一致的

The three years of the course are planned as a coherent whole.

这三年的课程是作为连贯的整体来安排的。

if someone is coherent, they are talking in a way that is clear and easy to understand

〔人〕言谈条理清楚的，说话易于理解的

He sounded coherent, but he was too ill to have any idea what he was saying.

他的话听起来条理清楚，但他病得很重，并不知道自己在说些什么。

if a group is coherent, its members are connected or united because they share common aims, qualities, or beliefs

〔团体成员〕有凝聚力的，有共同信念的

他们从来就不是一个齐心合力的团体。


cohesion

if there is cohesion among a group of people, a set of ideas etc, all the parts or members of it are connected or related in a reasonable way to form a whole

a sense of community and social cohesion

a close relationship, based on grammar or meaning, between two parts of a sentence or a larger piece of writing

〔句子、文章两部分之间的〕连贯，衔接


coil

also: [coil up](bold)  [v](bold) <[I,T](bold)>

to wind or twist into a series of rings, or to make something do this

The snake coiled around the branches of the tree.

Her long hair was coiled up in a plait at the top of her head.

她的长发编成辫子盘在头顶。


coil

a continuous series of circular rings into which something such as wire or rope has been wound or twisted

〔电线、绳子等的〕卷，圈，匝

one ring of wire, rope etc in a continuous series

（一）卷，（一）圈，（一）匝

a wire or a metal tube in a continuous circular shape that produces light or heat when electricity is passed through it

the part of a car engine that sends electricity to the spark plugs

a contraceptive that is a flat curved piece of metal or plastic that is fitted inside a woman’s uterus


coin

a piece of metal, usually flat and round, that is used as money

to choose or decide something by throwing a coin into the air and guessing which side of it will show when it falls

a different or opposite way of thinking about something

Making the rules is only part of it. How the rules are carried out is the other side of the coin.

制定规定只是一方面，如何执行规定又是另一方面。

two problems or situations that are so closely connected that they are really just two parts of the same thing

同一事情密切相关的两个方面

Great opportunity and great danger are two sides of the same coin.

好机会和高风险是密切相关的。


coin

to invent a new word or expression, especially one that many people start to use

创造，杜撰〔新词或短语〕

The word ‘aromatherapy’ was coined in the 1920s.

aromatherapy（芳香疗法）这个词是在20世纪20年代创造出来的。

said in a joking way when you use a very common expression, to show that you know it is used a lot

He’d thought the flight would never – to coin a phrase – get off the ground.

他以为这趟航班是永远也不会——套句老话说——离地起飞了。

BT at its profitable peak was coining it at the rate of £90 a second.

英国电信公司在赢利高峰时以每秒90英镑的速度赚大钱。


coincide

to happen at the same time as something else, especially by chance

His entry to the party coincided with his marriage.

他入党和结婚碰巧在同一时间。

When our vacations coincided, we often holidayed together.

我们的假期要是凑巧赶在一起，就常常会一同去度假。

The show is timed to coincide with the launch of a new book.

这次展览会安排与一本新书的推出同时进行。

if two people’s ideas, opinions etc coincide, they are the same

〔两人的想法、观点等〕相符，一致

The interests of the US and those of the islanders may not coincide.

美国的利益和这些岛民的利益可能并不一致。

The cloth had a natural look which coincided perfectly with the image Laura sought.

这种布料看上去质地天然，和劳拉所追求的形象完全吻合。

The journey coincides in part with the Pennine Way.

此次旅程一部分路段要经过奔宁山脉步道。


coincidence

kəʊˈɪnsɪdəns

It was pure coincidence that we were on the same plane.

Is it mere coincidence that they always seem to employ men?

It was just a happy coincidence that he was there too.

By a very unfortunate coincidence, she didn’t get either of his emails.

What a strange coincidence that you were both living in Bangkok at the same time.

What an extraordinary coincidence meeting you here!

It was a remarkable coincidence that two people with the same name were staying at the hotel.

It is no coincidence that the Government made the announcement today.

When I saw him a third time, I realized it was more than just coincidence.

The accident happened because of a string of unfortunate coincidences.

when two things happen at the same time, in the same place, or to the same people in a way that seems surprising or unusual

‘I’m going to Appleby tomorrow.’ ‘[What a coincidence](bold)! I’m going there too.’

“明天我要去阿普尔比。”“太巧了！我也要去那里。”

By coincidence, John and I both ended up at Yale.

巧得很，我和约翰最后都进了耶鲁大学。

[sheer/pure coincidence](bold)(=completely by chance)

It was sheer coincidence that we were staying in the same hotel.

真是太巧了，我们就住在同一家宾馆。

[not a coincidence/more than coincidence](bold)(=not chance, but deliberate)

I think it is more than coincidence that all the complaints have come from the same group of people.

所有投诉都来自同一群人，我想这就不是巧合了。

when two ideas, opinions etc are the same

〔思想、观点等的〕一致，相符

a coincidence of interest between the mining companies and certain politicians

采矿公司和某些政客在利益上的一致


cola

a brown sweet soft drink, or a bottle, can, or glass of this drink

可乐；一瓶［罐，杯］可乐


cold

[in cold blood](bold) at → [blood](->blood) 1 sense 3 [cold fish](bold) at → [fish](->fish) 1 sense 8 [blow hot and cold](bold) at → [blow](->blow) 1 sense 21 [cold comfort](bold) at → [comfort](->comfort) 1 sense 7 [pour cold water over/on](bold) at → [pour](->pour) sense 6 [a cold sweat](bold) at → [sweat](->sweat) 2 sense 3

used especially when you feel uncomfortable

a little cold, especially in a way that feels comfortable

The air-conditioning keeps everyone cool.

cold and unable to stop shivering, especially because you are ill

a little cold, often in a way that feels comfortable

It’s very hot in the day, but cooler at night.

a little cold, but not very cold, in a way that feels rather uncomfortable

It can be bitterly cold in the mountains.

very cold, especially when the temperature is below zero

cold, dry, and clear, in a way that seems pleasant

in frosty weather, the ground is covered in a frozen white powder

extremely cold and unpleasant, with snow and ice

He would not survive for long in the arctic conditions.

with cold air blowing in from outside, in a way that feels uncomfortable

a little cold, especially in a way that seems pleasant

His friends pulled him from the freezing water.

food and drinks that are chilled have been deliberately made cold

kept at a temperature which is below zero

More cold weather is expected later this week.

A cold winter will increase oil consumption.

(=a period of cold weather, especially a short one)

We’re currently going through a bit of a cold spell.

There had been a sudden cold snap just after Christmas.

Take your gloves – it’s freezing cold out there.

It’s too cold out – I’m staying at home.

In my country, it never really gets cold.

The birds fly south before the weather turns cold.

[comparative](italic) [colder](bold) [superlative](italic) [coldest](bold)

something that is cold has a low temperature

屋子里感觉很冷，空荡荡的。

The radiator is stone cold; isn’t the heating working?

暖气片冰凉冰凉的，是不是暖气停了？

Come and eat or your dinner will get cold!

过来吃饭吧，要不饭菜就凉了！

when there is cold weather, the temperature of the air is very low

It was so cold this morning I had to scrape the ice off my windshield.

今天早晨太冷了，我不得不把挡风玻璃上的冰刮掉。

The hut sheltered her from the cold wind.

It was raining and freezing cold outside.

The weather [gets colder](bold) around the middle of October.

10月中旬时天气开始转冷。

[turn/grow cold](bold)(=become cold or colder, especially suddenly)

if you are cold, your body is at a low temperature

很冷/感到冷/看起来冷/变冷

你能把取暖器开大点吗？我很冷。

My feet are [as cold as ice](bold)(=very cold).

unfriendly or lacking normal human feelings such as sympathy, pity, humour etc

→see THESAURUS at [unfriendly](->unfriendly)

Martin was really cold towards me at the party.

马丁在聚会上对我非常冷淡。

to suddenly feel that you are not brave enough to do something you planned to do

The plan failed after sponsors got cold feet.

赞助人临阵退缩，计划失败。

to deliberately ignore someone or be unfriendly to them, especially because they have upset or offended you

给某人冷脸，故意冷落某人

a cold colour or light reminds you of things that are cold

in the morning, when you can think clearly or see something clearly

在头脑清醒时的早晨；在天光大亮的早上

The house seemed less threatening in the cold light of day.

第二天早上天光大亮时，这房子似乎就不那么吓人了。

money in the form of paper money and coins rather than cheques or credit cards

to not feel interested in or affected by something in any way

无法引起某人的兴趣；未打动某人

used humorously to say that someone is sexually excited and the cold water will stop them feeling that way

需要冲个冷水澡〔幽默用法，指某人有性冲动〕

used to say that you cannot find someone because it has been too long since they passed or lived in a particular place

I tracked the boy as far as the factory, but there his trail went cold.

我追踪那名男孩一直到工厂，但在那里失去了他的踪迹。

used in children’s games, to say that someone is far away from the hidden object or answer they are trying to find

〔儿童游戏中〕远离隐藏物的，离猜中差得远的

facts without anything added to make them more pleasant or interesting

统计数据可能只是冷冰冰的事实。

冷兵器，利器〔如刀、剑等〕


cold

She’s staying at home today because she’s got a cold.

I caught a cold and had to miss the match.

A lot of people go down with colds at this time of year.

He was suffering from a cold and not his usual energetic self.

Some people suffer from more colds than others.

If you have a bad cold, just stay in bed.

(=in which a lot of liquid comes from your nose)

You shouldn’t go to work if you’ve got a streaming cold.

It’s only a slight cold – I’ll be fine tomorrow.

He’s coughing all the time with a bad chest cold.

A bad head cold can sometimes feel like flu.

There are hundreds of viruses that cause the common cold.

a common illness that makes it difficult to breathe through your nose and often makes your throat hurt

Keep your feet dry so you don’t catch a cold.

双脚保持干燥，这样就不会得感冒。

Don’t go out in the cold without your coat!

外面很冷，穿上外套再出去！

[you’ll catch your death of cold](bold) BrE(=used to warn someone that they may become very ill if they do not keep themselves warm in cold weather)

to become accepted or recognized, especially by a powerful group of people

被〔团体，尤指有权势的团体〕承认[接纳]

He chose to favour us one at a time and the others were left out in the cold.

他故意一次只关照我们中的一个，而冷落其他人。


cold

突然，贸然；完全地，彻底地

Paul stopped cold. ‘What was that noise?’

保罗突然停下来，“那是什么声音？”

You were [knocked out cold](bold)(=hit on the head so that you became unconscious).

I can’t just get up there and make a speech cold!

我不能毫无准备就上去演讲！


collaborate

to work together with a person or group in order to achieve something, especially in science or art

〔尤指在科学或艺术方面〕合作，协作

The two nations are collaborating on several satellite projects.

两国在几个人造卫星项目上展开合作。

During the late seventies, he collaborated with the legendary Muddy Waters.

70年代后期，他和大名鼎鼎的马迪•沃特斯合作过。

Researchers are collaborating to develop the vaccine.

研究人员在合作研发疫苗。

Elephants collaborate in looking after their young.

In everyday English, people usually say they [work together on](bold)  something rather than [collaborate on](bold)  something:

They are [working together on](bold) some new songs.

to help a country that your country is fighting a war with, especially one that has taken control of your country

Vigilantes began combing the city for anyone known to have collaborated with the enemy.

民间护法者开始在城里仔细搜索通敌分子。


collaboration

kəˌlæbəˈreɪʃən

kəˌlæbəˈreɪʃən

when you work together with another person or group to achieve something, especially in science or art

〔尤指在科学或艺术方面的〕合作，协作

The company is building the centre in collaboration with the Institute of Offshore Engineering.

该公司正与海洋工程学院合建这座中心。

a collaboration between the two theatres

The project has involved collaboration with the geography department.

该项目需要与地理系合作。

when someone gives help to a country that their country is fighting a war with, especially one that has taken control of their country


collaborative

kəˈlæbərətɪv

a job or piece of work that involves two or more people working together to achieve something


collapse

if a building, wall etc collapses, it falls down suddenly, usually because it is weak or damaged

Uncle Ted’s chair collapsed under his weight.

椅子承受不了特德叔叔的重量，塌架了。

to suddenly fall down or become unconscious because you are ill or weak

〔因病或虚弱〕突然倒下[昏倒]

He collapsed with a heart attack while he was dancing.

玛丽昂恩两腿一软倒了下去。

if a system, idea, or organization collapses, it suddenly fails or becomes too weak to continue

〔系统、观点、组织〕突然失败，垮掉，崩溃，瓦解

I thought that without me the whole project would collapse.

我想没有我的话，整个项目就会失败。

if prices, levels etc collapse, they suddenly become much lower

〔价格、水平等〕暴跌，大跌

There were fears that property prices would collapse.

人们担心房地产价格会暴跌。

to suddenly sit down, especially because you are very tired or want to relax

〔尤指因精疲力竭或想放松而〕瘫坐

I was so exhausted when I got home, I just collapsed on the sofa.

我到家时已经筋疲力尽，瘫倒在沙发上。

if a piece of furniture or equipment collapses, or if you collapse it, you can fold it so that it becomes smaller

（将 …）折叠，套缩起来

The legs on our card table collapse so we can store it in the closet.

我们的牌桌桌腿可以折叠，因此可以放进壁橱里。

if a lung or a blood vessel collapses, it suddenly becomes flat, so that it no longer has any air or blood in it


collapse

a sudden failure in the way something works, so that it cannot continue

His business was [in danger of collapse](bold).

the collapse of an apartment building during the earthquake

The ancient abbey was in imminent danger of collapse.

这座古老的修道院摇摇欲坠。

when someone suddenly falls down or becomes unconscious because of an illness or injury

〔因疾病或受伤而导致突然的〕昏倒，昏迷

The president said he was fine after his collapse yesterday.

总统昨天突然昏倒，后来他说自己没事了。

She suffered a collapse under anaesthetic.

a sudden decrease in the value of something

〔某物价值的〕突然贬值，暴跌

养老金实际价值的大幅缩水


collar

→ [blue-collar](->blue-collar) → [dog collar](->dog collar) → [white-collar](->white-collar)

the part of a shirt, coat etc that fits around your neck, and is usually folded over

a narrow band of leather or plastic that is fastened around an animal’s neck

〔动物脖子上的〕颈圈，项圈

an object that someone wears around their neck to support it when it has been injured

〔支撑受伤脖子的〕护颈，颈圈

a way of making sure that stocks you own do not lose money, even if their price goes down

〔买卖股票的〕项圈策略，设定上下限

a circular ring that goes round a pipe to make it stronger, especially where two pipes join together

a band of fur, feathers, or skin around an animal’s neck that is a different colour from the rest of the animal


collar

to catch someone and hold them so that they cannot escape

The police collared him less than 20 minutes after the robbery.

抢劫发生后，警方不到20分钟就抓到了他。

to find someone so that you can talk to them, especially when they would prefer to avoid you

〔尤指在某人意欲避开时〕找到〔某人〕谈话

He collared her in the staff room at lunchtime and started telling her about his holiday plans.

他在午饭时间把她拦在员工休息室，对她说起他的休假计划。

used about clothes that have a particular type of collar

高领的/开领的/毛领的等


colleague

someone who you work with in a company or organization, for example someone working in the same office, or someone teaching in the same school

Friends and former colleagues described him as a kind and caring man.

She discovered that her male colleagues were earning more than she was.

someone who you work with. [Workmate](bold) is more informal than [colleague](bold)

He went out for a drink with his workmates.

I was sad to say goodbye to all of my coworkers.

someone who you work with, especially another businessman or businesswoman

They are close friends and business associates.

all the people who work for an organization

The company employs a total of 520 staff.

someone you work with – used especially by professional people

同事，同僚〔尤为专业人士所用〕

She discussed the idea with some of her colleagues.

她和几位同事讨论了这个想法。


collect

to get things of the same type from different places and bring them together

They have collected 650 signatures for their petition.

to collect information from different places, or to collect crops, flowers, wood etc, especially from the ground

Computers make it easier to gather information.

to collect something such as information in an organized way

When all the evidence is assembled, we will write our report.

to gradually collect more things of the same type over time

He has built up one of the country’s finest collections of art.

to gradually get more and more of something such as money, possessions, or knowledge, over time. [Accumulate](bold) is more formal than [build up](bold)

He is driven by the desire to accumulate wealth.

to collect a large amount of something such as money, information, or knowledge, over time

Carnegie amassed a fortune in the steel industry.

to allow a debt to increase quickly, especially by spending too much

After 25 years of collecting recipes, she has compiled them into a cookbook.

她搜集了25年食谱，把它们编成一本烹饪书。

The company collects information about consumer trends.

这家公司搜集有关消费者趋向的信息。

We’ve been out collecting signatures for our petition.

我们出去为我们的请愿征集签名。

to get and keep objects of the same type, because you think they are attractive or interesting

The landlady came around once a month to collect the rent.

女房东每月过来一次收房租。

to ask people to give you money or goods for an organization that helps people

我在为“困苦儿童”组织募捐。

if something collects in a place, or you collect it there, it gradually increases in amount

solar panels for collecting energy from the sun

采集太阳热能的太阳能电池板

I didn’t know what to do with it, so it just sat there [collecting dust](bold).

我不知道该拿它怎么办，于是任由它搁在那里积灰。

to receive something because you have won a race, game etc

Redgrave collected his fifth Olympic gold medal in Sydney.

雷德格雷夫在悉尼赢得了他的第五枚奥运会金牌。

to make an effort to remain calm and think clearly and carefully about something

I got there early so I had a few minutes to collect my thoughts before the meeting began.

我提前到达，这样在会议开始之前我有几分钟的时间可以整理一下自己的思绪。

to come to a particular place in order to take someone or something away

Martin’s gone to collect the children from school.

I’ve got to go and collect the book I ordered from the library.

我得去图书馆取我订的书了。

to come together gradually to form a group of people

A crowd was beginning to collect around the scene of the accident.

人群开始在事故现场聚集起来。


collect

if you telephone someone collect, the person who receives the call pays for it


collect

a short prayer in some Christian services

〔某些基督教仪式中的〕短祷文


collection

The museum’s photographic collection dates from the nineteenth century.

The specimens are now part of a fine museum collection in London.

Most lecturers are keen to build up library collections in their subjects.

(=belonging to a person rather than a museum, gallery etc)

Many of the paintings are now in private collections.

France has many  national art collections.

The art gallery hosts exhibitions and a permanent collection.

The museum has an extensive collection of Greek statues.

She has an extensive collection of Chinese vases.

I think I might start a stamp collection.

He gradually built up a collection of plants from all over the world.

The two men amassed a remarkable collection of medieval manuscripts.

The museum holds a comprehensive collection of photographs from that period.

The collection consists of some 500 items.

The collection includes paintings both in oils and in watercolours.

a set of similar things that are kept or brought together because they are attractive or interesting

a group of objects together in the same place

a collection of empty wine bottles on the back porch

the act of asking people to give you money for an organization that helps people, or during a church service, or the money collected in this way

Every Christmas we [have](bold) a [collection](bold) for a local charity.

每年圣诞节我们都会为当地的一家慈善机构募捐。

We’ll be [taking up a collection](bold) at the end of tonight’s service.

我们在今晚的仪式之后将举行募捐活动。

the act of obtaining money that is owed to you

the act of bringing together things of the same type from different places to form a group

a computerized [data collection](bold) system

the act of taking something from a place

Garbage collections are made every Tuesday morning.

每星期二早上收一次垃圾。

Please collect your purchases from the customer [collection point](bold).

请到顾客提货处去提取您购买的商品。

the clothes designed by a fashion company for a particular season

〔时装公司季节性推出的〕时装

唐娜·凯伦的春季时装新款

several stories, poems, pieces of music etc that are in one book or on one record

〔故事、诗歌等的〕作品集；〔音乐〕专辑

a group of people, especially people you think are strange or unusual in some way

〔尤指你认为有点奇怪或不寻常的〕一群人，一批人

There was an interesting collection of people at the wedding.


collective

shared or made by every member of a group or society

a [collective decision](bold) made by all board members

董事会所有成员作出的集体决定

our [collective responsibility](bold) for the environment


collective

a group of people who work together to run something such as a business or farm, and who share the profits equally

the business or farm that is run by this type of group

集体经营的企业；集体农庄


collectively

All members of the cabinet are collectively responsible for decisions taken.

所有的内阁成员对所作的决定都负有共同的责任。

Rain, snow, and hail are [collectively known as](bold) precipitation.


collector

someone who collects things that are interesting or attractive

The painting was bought by a private collector.

这幅画被一个私人收藏家买走。

someone whose job is to collect taxes, tickets, debts etc


college

→ [electoral college](->electoral college)

After university I went to drama college for a year.

He was the first person in his family to attend college.

What are you going to do when you finish art college?

an agricultural/secretarial/technical etc college

I wanted a job in farm management so I went to agricultural college.

(=where you learn to be an officer in the army)

(=where adults can go to study, especially part-time)

(=where you can have private or small group lessons)

(=where students in Britain can go at 16, instead of a school)

a school for advanced education, especially in a particular profession or skill

Donna left school and went to art college.

唐娜中学毕业后进了艺术学院。

We were great friends when we were at college.

我们在专科学校的时候是很要好的朋友。

a large school where you can study after high school and get a degree

Some people who want to [go to college](bold) still can’t get there.

有些想上大学的人仍然无法如愿。

Fran just finished her freshman year in college.

弗兰刚读完了大学一年级。

a decline in the number of [college students](bold) studying history

攻读历史的大学生数量的减少

→ [community college](->community college) → [junior college](->junior college)

one of the groups of teachers and students that form a separate part of some universities, especially in Britain

〔尤指在英国附属于大学的〕学院

the students and teachers of one of these organizations

In this meaning, [college](bold)  is usually followed by a singular verb: The college [is](bold) putting on a production of ‘Twelfth Night’.

In British English, you can also use a plural verb: The college [are](bold) putting on a production of ‘Twelfth Night’.

a group of people who have special rights, duties, or powers within a profession or organization

a word used in the name of some large schools, especially public schools

〔规模大的〕中学，〔尤指〕公学


collide

to hit something or someone that is moving in a different direction from you

A car and a van collided on the motorway.

一辆轿车和一辆小型货车在高速公路上相撞了。

I ran around the corner, and almost collided with Mrs Laurence.

我奔过转角处，差点和劳伦斯太太撞个满怀。

Two trains [collided head-on](bold)(=when they were moving directly towards each other).

In everyday English, people usually say [run into](bold)  rather than [collide with](bold) :

Her car [ran into](bold) the back of a truck.

to disagree strongly with a person or group, especially on a particular subject

〔尤指在某一问题上〕冲突，抵触

The president has again collided with Congress over his budget plans.

总统在预算计划上又一次与国会发生冲突。

if two very different ideas, ways of thinking etc collide, they come together and produce an interesting result

〔不同的想法、观念等〕碰撞〔而产生有趣结果〕

伊斯坦布尔，东西方文化交会的地方


collision

an accident in which two or more people or vehicles hit each other while moving in different directions

→see THESAURUS at [accident](->accident)

The school bus was involved in a collision with a truck.

Two people were killed in a [head-on collision](bold)(=between two vehicles that are moving directly towards each other) on highway 218.

218号公路上有两辆汽车迎面相撞，造成两人死亡。

a strong disagreement between two people or groups

a collision between the two countries over fishing rights

两国为捕鱼权而发生的冲突

to be likely to have serious trouble because your aims are very different from someone else’s

〔因双方目标差异太大而〕很可能发生冲突，有可能导致严重争端

The two nations are on a collision course that could lead to war.

两国可能会发生冲突，从而导致战争。

to be moving in a direction in which you will hit something

朝着可能会碰撞的方向移动

an asteroid on a collision course with Earth

正朝着地球撞来的一颗小行星


colloquial

language or words that are colloquial are used mainly in informal conversations rather than in writing or formal speech


colon

the lower part of the bowels, in which food is changed into waste matter

the sign (:) that is used in writing and printing to introduce an explanation, example,quotation1 etc


colonel

a high rank in the army, Marines, or the US air force, or someone who has this rank

〔陆军、海军陆战队或美国空军的〕上校军衔；上校


colonial

relating to a country that controls and rules other countries, usually ones that are far away

the struggle against [colonial rule](bold)

Britain was the largest [colonial power](bold).

英国曾是最大的殖民强国。

made in a style that was common in the US in the 18th century

〔18世纪美国〕殖民地时期制造的；仿殖民地时期式样的

一栋殖民地时期建造的大宅子

relating to the US when it was under British rule

〔美国独立前〕受英国殖民统治时期的

The town was first established in colonial times.

这座城镇是在英国殖民统治时期建立起来的。


colonial

someone who lives in a colony but who is a citizen of the country that rules the colony

〔来自殖民国家的〕殖民地居民


colony

a country or area that is under the political control of a more powerful country, usually one that is far away

阿尔及利亚以前是法国的殖民地。

one of the 13 areas of land on the east coast of North America that later became the United States

〔美国独立前的〕北美十三州之一

a group of people who are similar in some way and who live together, or the place where they live

a group of animals or plants of the same type that are living or growing together

〔同一处生活或生长的动植物〕群，群体，群落


colour

[with flying colours](bold) at → [flying](->flying) 1 sense 2 [nail your colours to the mast](bold) at → [nail](->nail) 2 sense 6 [your true colours](bold) at → [true](->true) 1 sense 13

Matisse was famous for his use of colour.

a particular colour or shade of a colour

a small amount of a colour in something that is mostly another colour

He wears sunglasses that have a pinky-orange tint.

one of the many different shades of a colour, each slightly darker, lighter, brighter etc than the next

Carpets in neutral tones give a feeling of space.

used about a colour that is strong and fairly close to black

fairly dark – often used when you think this colour looks attractive

used about a colour that is fairly dark in a way that gives a pleasant feeling of warmth

The walls were painted a rich red colour.

used about a colour that is light in a way that is attractive because it is not too obvious

She wears soft colours such as cream, which match her complexion.

used about a colour that has a lot of white in it

used about a colour that is strong and easy to see

used about things that have many different bright colours

There were window boxes full of colourful flowers.

used about things that have a pattern of many different bright colours

A multicoloured flag waved in the midday sun.

too brightly coloured, in a way that is unattractive

The wallpaper was much too gaudy for me.

Our door was painted a bright green colour.

The glass used for bottles is often a greenish colour.

Bright colours look good in strong sunlight.

His paintings are known for their use of bold colours.

(=strong and beautiful or expensive-looking)

I love the rich colours in oriental rugs.

People tend to wear dark colours to work.

(=one that matches other colours easily, for example  white or cream)

(=pleasant and containing some red, yellow, or orange)

The old farmhouse is beautifully decorated with warm colours.

(=pleasant, not strong, and a little unusual)

Italian sweaters come in lovely subtle colours.

(=very bright in a way that looks unpleasant or funny)

(=ones that are different from each other in a way that looks attractive)

You need to have one or two contrasting colours in the room.

Plant the flowers in patches in complementary colours.

(=one that is the same as something else)

I bought some gloves and a scarf in a matching colour.

Why are children’s toys always in primary colours?

The colour in this tin of paint doesn’t match the walls.

(=is different from something in a way that is unattractive)

Do you think the colour of this tie clashes with my shirt?

The colour of the curtains had faded in the sun.

(=the colours that you use in a room, painting etc)

a colour combination/combination of colours

(=the colours that exist or that you put together)

In autumn the leaves create lovely colour combinations.

(=a number of colours that you can choose from)

There’s a wide colour range to choose from.

red, blue, yellow, green, brown, purple etc

你买的连衣裙是什么颜色的？

The pens come in a wide range of colours.

[reddish-brown/yellowy-green/deep blue etc colour](bold)

The walls were a lovely reddish-brown color.

the appearance of something as a result of the way it reflectsthrows back light, especially when its appearance is very bright or is made up of a lot of different colours

Bright bold accessories are the quickest way to [add colour](bold) to a room.

色彩明亮、线条鲜明的装饰物是给房间增添色彩的最直接的方法。

The wine was almost pink in colour (=was almost pink).

这种葡萄酒几乎呈粉红色。

[blaze/riot/mass of colour](bold)(=lots of different bright colours)

In summer the gardens are a blaze of colour.

到了夏天，这些花园里五彩缤纷。

a [splash of colour](bold)(=a small area of a bright colour)

The sky began to slowly [change colour](bold).

the fall colors (=the colours of the trees in autumn)

how dark or light someone’s skin is, which shows which race they belong to

Everyone has a right to a job, regardless of their race, sex, or colour.

不论种族、性别和肤色，人人都有获得工作的权利。

the continuing battle against [colour prejudice](bold)

有色人种的人/女性/学生等

I’m the only person of color in my class.

我是我们班上唯一一个有色人种的人。

a substance such as paint or dye that makes something red, blue, yellow etc

Wash the garment separately, as the [colour](bold) may [run](bold)(=come out when washed).

这件衣服可能会褪色，要分开来洗。

jams that contain no [artificial colours](bold) or preservatives

不含人工色素和防腐剂的果酱

our new range of eyeshadows and lip colours

a television programme, film, or photograph that is in colour contains colours such as red, green, and blue rather than just black and white

〔电视节目、电影、照片等〕彩色的

All the recipes in the book are [illustrated in full colour](bold).

书中所有菜谱都配有彩色插图。

if you have some colour in your face, your face is pink or red, usually because you are healthy or embarrassed

You look a lot better today. At least you’ve [got](bold) a bit of [colour](bold) now.

今天你看起来好多了，至少现在你脸上有了点血色。

One of the girls giggled nervously as [colour flooded](bold) her [cheeks](bold)(=her cheeks suddenly went very pink or red).

女孩中有一人紧张地咯咯笑了起来，脸涨得通红。

He stared at her, the [colour draining from](bold) his [face](bold).

他盯住她看，脸色越来越白。

interesting and exciting details or qualities that someone or something has

The old market is lively, [full of colour](bold) and activity.

那个旧市场热闹非凡，充满趣味和活力。

a travel writer in search of [local colour](bold)

找寻地方风味的一位旅行作家

[add/give colour to sth](bold)(=make something more interesting)

Intelligent use of metaphors can add colour to your writing.

巧妙地使用隐喻可以使文章更加生动。

to make something, especially something unusual, appear likely or true

使某事看起来似有可能，使某事显得可信[真实]

We have new evidence that lends colour to the accusation of fraud.

我们有新的证据支持对欺诈罪的指控。

someone who is off colour is feeling slightly ill

不舒服的，有病的，健康状况不佳的

off-colour jokes, stories etc are rude and often about sex

〔玩笑、故事等〕粗俗的，下流的，龌龊的，色情的

the colours that are used to represent a team, school, club, country etc

〔代表运动队、学校、俱乐部、国家等的〕标志色

Australia’s [national colours](bold) are gold and green.

澳大利亚国家代表色是金色和绿色。

a flag, shirt etc that shows that someone or something belongs to or supports a particular team, school, club, or country

〔表示属于或支持某运动队、学校、俱乐部或国家的〕旗帜，服装

to have definite proof that someone has enough money to pay for something

‘A whiskey, please.’ ‘Let’s see the color of your money first.’

“请来杯威士忌。” “让我们先看看你是不是有足够的钱。”


colour

to change the colour of something, especially by using dye

If I didn’t [colour](bold) my [hair](bold) I’d be totally grey.

我如果不染发的话，头发就全是花白的。

Colour the icing with a little green food colouring.

用一点点绿色食物色素给糖霜着色。

Sunset came and coloured the sky a brilliant red.

日落时分，天空被染成了绚烂的红色。

to use coloured pencils to put colours inside the lines of a picture

〔用彩笔〕（为 …）涂色，（为 …）着色，（为 …）填色

On the back page is a picture for your child to colour in.

背面是张图画，可以让你的孩子填色。

She has no idea how to colour a picture – she just scribbles all over it.

她不懂得怎么给图画填色，只是满纸乱涂。

when someone colours, their face becomes redder because they are embarrassed

Her eyes suddenly met his and she coloured slightly.

目光突然和他相遇，她有点脸红了。

colour sb’s judgment/opinions/attitudes etc

to influence the way someone thinks about something, especially so that they become less fair or reasonable

使某人的判断/观点/态度等带有偏见

In my position, I can’t afford to let my judgment be coloured by personal feelings.

我在这个位置上是不能让个人感情来影响判断的。


colour

a colour television, photograph etc produces or shows pictures in colour rather than in black, white, and grey

彩色电视机/照片/打印机等

Please ask for our free colour brochure.

请索取我们的免费彩色小册子。


coloured

([BrE](special)) AmE colored  [adj](bold)

having a bright colour such as red, blue, or yellow etc, or a deep shade of a particular colour, but not black, white, or plain

色彩鲜艳的/浓郁的/浓艳的等

having a colour other than black or white

a very offensive word used to describe someone who is a member of a race of people with dark or black skin. Do not use this word.

used in South Africa to describe someone whose parents or grandparents were not of the same race as each other

〔在南非指白人与有色人种所生的〕混血人种的


coloured

([BrE](special)) AmE colored  [n](bold) <[C](bold)>

a very offensive word for someone who is a member of a race of people with dark or black skin. Do not use this word.

a person whose parents or grandparents were not of the same race as each other – used in South Africa

混血人种的人〔用于南非〕


colourful

([BrE](special)) AmE colorful  [adj](bold)

having bright colours or a lot of different colours

interesting, exciting, and full of variety

有声有色的，富于刺激性的，生动有趣的

Charlie Chaplin had a long and colorful career.

查理·卓别林的演艺生涯漫长而丰富多彩。

[colourful character/figure](bold)(=someone who is interesting and unusual)

colourful language, speech etc uses a lot of swearing

〔语言、话语等〕大量使用咒骂语的


colouring

([BrE](special)) AmE coloring  [n](bold)

a substance used to give a particular colour to food

the activity of putting colours into drawings, or of drawing using crayons, coloured pencils etc

the colour of someone’s skin, hair, and eyes

〔皮肤、头发和眼睛的〕颜色

曼迪像她母亲一样有白皙的肤色。

the colours of an animal, bird, or plant

〔兽类、鸟类或植物的〕天然色，色彩


column

→ [fifth column](->fifth column) → [gossip column](->gossip column) → [personal column](->personal column) → [spinal column](->spinal column)

He’s the writer of a weekly newspaper column.

Her daily column covered a wide range of topics.

His views were well-known from his regular column in The Spectator magazine.

(=one about the private lives of famous people)

She was upset by an item in the Washington Times gossip column.

(=that expresses the opinion of a newspaper editor)

He wrote a financial column for the evening newspaper.

(=that prints some of the letters a newspaper receives)

Thousands of letters poured in to the correspondence column.

(=about the life of someone who has just died)

I spotted Stephenson's name in the obituary column.

(=in which people can have personal messages printed)

I put a small advertisement in the personal column of the paper.

(=that gives advice to readers about personal problems)

Romantic relationships are much discussed in all the agony columns.

(=with advertisements for a new lover or friend)

Some men place advertisements in the lonely hearts columns.

He writes a column on gardening for the Daily News.

Lynch had a weekly column in a Sydney newspaper.

Many column inches have recently been devoted to the troubled pop star.

a tall solid upright stone post used to support a building or as a decoration

a line of numbers or words written under each other that goes down a page

an article on a particular subject or by a particular writer that appears regularly in a newspaper or magazine

〔报纸或杂志的〕专栏（文章）

He [writes](bold) a weekly [column](bold) for ‘The Times’.

他每周为《泰晤士报》写一篇专栏文章。

one of two or more areas of print that go down the page of a newspaper or book and that are separated from each other by a narrow space

‘The Sun’ devoted ten [column inches](bold) to the event (=their article filled a column ten inches long).

《太阳报》用了10英寸长的专栏报道这一事件。

〔人或物排成的移动的〕（一）队，（一）列；纵行[列]


columnist

someone who writes articles, especially about a particular subject, that appear regularly in a newspaper or magazine

〔报纸或杂志的〕专栏作家


comb

a flat piece of plastic, metal etc with a row of thin teeth on one side, used for making your hair tidy

a small flat piece of plastic, metal etc with a row of thin teeth on one side, used for keeping your hair back or for decoration

〔将头发固定于脑后或作装饰用的〕梳状饰物，发插

if you give your hair a comb, you make it tidy using a comb

你的头发需要好好梳理一下。

the red piece of flesh that grows on top of a male chicken’s head


comb

Melanie ran upstairs to [comb](bold) her [hair](bold).

Police are still combing the woods for the missing boy.

警方仍在树林里四处搜寻那名失踪的男孩。


combat

(=in which you are close enough to touch your opponent)

Thousands of men were killed in hand-to-hand combat in less than 24 hours.

(=in which you are very near your opponent)

Swords and spears were used for close combat.

(=in which you and one other person fight together)

The champion called out a challenge to single combat.

They were trained in the techniques of unarmed combat.

an exciting computer game of mortal combat against giants and monsters

30 enemy aircraft were destroyed in aerial combat.

(=to be using all your effort and attention to fight each other)

The president said he was aware of the danger to forces engaged in combat in the field.

US combat troops were in the streets of the capital yesterday.

Very few combat aircraft have been destroyed.

Armoured combat vehicles appeared on the streets of the city.

He flew 280 combat missions in two wars.

(=clothes worn in battles by the armed forces)

(=trousers worn in battles by the armed forces)

He was still dressed in combat fatigues and jungle boots.

The troops were issued with steel helmets and combat boots.

Troops had been flown in and were in combat readiness.

We flew over 200 [combat missions](bold).

我们执行过两百多次战斗飞行任务。

training in [unarmed combat](bold)(=fighting without weapons)

[mortal combat](bold)(=fighting until one person kills another)

[hand-to-hand combat](bold)(=fighting in which you are close enough to touch your opponent)

战斗裤（一种常有很多袋子的宽松裤子）

She always wore combats, which were more fashionable than jeans.

她总是穿战斗裤，比穿牛仔裤更时髦。


combat

[past tense and past participle](italic) [combated](bold) [present participle](italic) [combating](bold) or [past tense and past participle](italic) [combatted](bold) [present participle](italic) [combatting](bold)

to try to stop something bad from happening or getting worse – used especially in news reports

防止，抑制〔尤用于新闻报道〕

To combat inflation, the government raised interest rates.

为了抑制通货膨胀，政府提高了利率。


combination

ˌkɒmbəˈneɪʃən

two or more different things that exist together or are used or put together

A [combination of factors](bold) may be responsible for the increase in cancer.

各种因素的综合作用可能导致了癌症发病率的上升。

A combination of tact and authority was needed to deal with the situation.

处理这类情况需要策略，也需要威信。

Certain combinations of sounds are not possible in English.

在英语中，某些音是不可能组合的。

Some drugs which are safe when taken separately are lethal in combination.

某些药品在分开服用时是安全的，但在混合服用时则会致命。

the series of numbers or letters you need to open a combination lock

〔密码锁的〕号码组合，字码组合

a mixture of different people or things that work successfully together

used before a noun to mean that something has more than one purpose or uses more than one method

〔具有多重目的或使用多种手段的〕组合物，合并体


combine

if you combine two or more different things, or if they combine, they begin to exist or work together

Augustine was later to combine elements of this philosophy with the teachings of Christianity.

奥古斯丁后来把这一哲学的基本元素和基督教的教义结合了起来。

Diets are most effective when combined with exercise.

节食和锻炼相结合是最有效的。

A number of [factors](bold) have [combined](bold) to create this difficult situation.

一些因素加在一起导致了这种困难的局面。

Ruth hesitated, uncertain of how to combine honesty and diplomacy in her answer.

露丝犹豫了，她不知道怎样回答才能既诚实又婉转。

[combined effect/effects](bold)(=the result of two or more different things used or mixed together)

The combined effects of the war and the drought resulted in famine.

战争和干旱的双重因素导致了饥荒。

to have two or more different features or qualities at the same time

兼有，兼备〔不同的特点或品质〕

Good carpet wool needs to combine softness with strength.

优质的地毯羊毛需要兼备柔性和韧性。

if two or more different substances combine, or if you combine them, they mix or join together to produce a new single substance

（使）化合，（使）组合，调和

Different amino acids combine to form proteins.

不同种类的氨基酸组合构成蛋白质。

Combine all the ingredients in a large bowl.

把所有的食材放在大碗里拌匀。

Steel is produced by combining iron with carbon.

钢是由铁加碳炼制而成的。

to do two different activities at the same time

Many people enjoy combining a holiday with learning a new skill.

许多人喜欢在休假的时候学习一项新技能。

the problems facing women who wish to combine a career and family

希望兼顾事业和家庭的妇女所面临的种种问题

[combine business with pleasure](bold)(=work and enjoy yourself at the same time)

if two or more groups, organizations etc combine, or if you combine them, they join or work together in order to do something

（使）联合〔以做某事〕；合并

Ten British and French companies combined to form the Channel Tunnel Group.

University zoologists and government vets are [combining forces](bold)(=working together) to investigate the disease.

大学里的动物学家和政府兽医联手调查这种疾病。


combine

a machine used by farmers to cut grain, separate the seeds from it, and clean it

a group of people, businesses etc who work together

The factory was sold to a British combine after the war.

战后该工厂被卖给了英国的一家集团公司。


combined

done, made, or achieved by several people or groups working together

a combined total is the sum of two or more quantities or figures added together

Her records have sold a [combined total](bold) of 14 million copies.

她的唱片总计销量为1,400万张。

We could only afford a small flat, even on our combined salaries.

我们的薪水就算加在一起也只能租得起一套小公寓。


come

come about
come across
come across with
come after
come along
come apart
come around
come at
come away
come back
come before
come between
come by
come down
come down on
come down to
come down with
come for
come forward
come from
come in
come in for
come into
come of
come off
come on
come on to
come out
come out at
come out in
come out of
come out with
come over
come round
come through
come through with
come to
come under
come up
come up against
come up for
come upon
come up to
come up with

[past tense](italic) [came](bold) /keɪm/ [past participle](italic) [come](bold)

to move towards you or arrive at the place where you are

[Come](bold) a bit [closer](bold) and you’ll be able to see better.

靠近一些就能看得更清楚。

What time will you be [coming home](bold)?

There was a knock on the door and a young woman came into the room.

有人敲了一下门，然后一个年轻女人进了房间。

我看到有个人影向我走来。

As they came down the track, the car skidded.

他们的汽车在小路上行驶时打滑了。

I’ll come and help you move the rest of the boxes.

我会来帮你搬其余的箱子。

Jess came flying round the corner and banged straight into me.

杰斯从拐角处飞跑过来，和我撞了个满怀。

What day are your folks coming to dinner?

[here comes sb/sth](bold) [spoken](special)(=used to say that someone or something is coming towards you)

if someone comes with you, they go to a place with you

We’re going for a drink this evening. Would you like to come?

今晚我们打算去喝酒，你愿意一起去吗？

I asked Rosie if she’d like to come with us.

我问了罗茜是否愿意和我们一起去。

It should be good fun. Why don’t you come along?

应该很好玩。你也一起去怎么样？

They came over the mountains in the north.

Legend has it that the tribe came from across the Pacific Ocean.

传说这个部落是从太平洋的那一边过来的。

Have you [come far](bold)(=travelled a long way) today?

I’ve [come a long way](bold) to see you.

[come 50/100 etc miles/kilometres](bold)

Some of the birds have come thousands of miles to winter here.

一些鸟飞了数千英里来这里过冬。

if a letter etc comes, it is delivered to you by post

今天早晨有一封寄给你的信。

if a time or an event comes, it arrives or happens

〔时间或事件〕到来，发生

我们出发的日子终于来到了。

The moment had come for me to break the news to her.

是时候了，我应该把这消息告诉她。

The time will come when you’ll thank me for this.

总有一天你会为此感谢我的。

Christmas seems to come earlier every year.

圣诞节似乎一年比一年来得早。

[be/have yet to come](bold)(=used when something has not happened yet but will happen)

最激动人心的一刻还没到来。

I knew he’d be able to take care of himself, [come what may](bold)(=whatever happens).

不管发生什么，我相信他能够照顾好自己。

够到，达到〔某一高度或位置〕

She had blonde hair which came down to her waist.

to be produced or sold with particular features

This particular sofa comes in four different colours.

这种沙发有四种不同的颜色。

猫科动物体形各异，大小也不一样。

The computer [comes complete with](bold) software and games.

这台电脑配有软件和游戏。

to be in a particular position in an order, a series, or a list

她在200米比赛中名列第一。

他开始把意大利看成自己的家了。

I came to believe that he was innocent after all.

我开始相信他还是清白的。

to do something by chance, without planning or intending to do it

Can you tell me how the body came to be discovered?

你能告诉我这具尸体是怎么发现的吗？

I often wondered how I came to be living in such a place.

我常常在想，我怎么会住到这种地方来。

to be allowed to go into and leave a place whenever you want

The students can come and go as they please.

to accept something as it happens, without trying to plan for it or change it

对某事随遇而安，对某事听天由命

他对待生活的态度是听天由命。

to deserve to be punished or to have something bad happen to you

（你）活该承受某惩罚[恶果]，（你）咎由自取

I do feel sorry for him, but I’m afraid he had it coming.

我的确为他感到难过，但恐怕他也是罪有应得。

My uncle Walter is as obstinate as they come.

我的叔叔沃尔特非常固执。

used to emphasize that something will continue for a long time into the future

在未来的很多年/周/天等里

This is a moment that will be remembered and celebrated for years to come.

这一时刻将在未来的许多年里被缅怀和纪念。

In years to come, some of the practices we take for granted now will seem quite barbaric.

到了将来，我们现在一些被认为理所当然的做法会显得相当野蛮。

Computer technology has come a long way since the 1970s.

电脑技术自20世纪70年代以来已经取得了长足的进步。

come as a surprise/relief/blow etc (to sb)

to make someone feel surprised, relieved, disappointed etc

使（某人）惊奇/松一口气/受到打击等

The decision came as a great relief to us all.

这个决定让我们大家都松了一大口气。

The news will [come as no surprise](bold) to his colleagues.

他的同事对这个消息一点都不会感到惊奇。

（对某人而言）很容易/自然

Public speaking does not come easily to most people.

对大多数人来讲，公开演讲不是件容易的事。

Writing came naturally to her, even as a child.

写作对于她来讲是件很自然的事，甚至在她小时候就是如此。

to reach the age when you are legally considered to be an adult

He’ll inherit the money when he comes of age.

他到了法定年龄就可以继承这笔钱。

to develop into an advanced or successful form

发展到高级阶段，发展到成功的形式

Space technology didn’t really come of age until the 1950s.

空间技术直到20世纪50年代才真正趋于成熟。

come right out with sth/come right out and say sth

to say something in a very direct way, often when other people think this is surprising

坦言某事，直截了当地说出某事〔常指出人意料地〕

You came right out and told him? I don’t know how you dared!

你直截了当地对他说了？没想到你竟敢这样！

to tell the truth about something you have done

I think you should come clean about where you were last night.

我觉得你应该老实交代昨晚去了哪儿。

not know whether you are coming or going

to feel very confused because a lot of different things are happening

〔因事情过多而〕不知所措，毫无头绪

I don’t know whether I’m coming or going this week.

这个星期我脑子乱得一团糟。

to end well, after there have been a lot of problems

Don’t worry, it’ll all come right in the end.

别担心，最后一切都会好起来的。

后来，他们生了一个儿子。

used to tell someone who has knocked on your door to enter your room, house etc

She tapped timidly on the door. ‘Come in!’ boomed a deep voice from inside.

她胆怯地敲了敲门。“进来！”里面传来一个低沉的声音。

used to ask someone why or how something happened

‘Last I heard, she was teaching in Mexico.’ ‘How come?’

“我最后听到的消息是她在墨西哥教书。”“怎么会？”

used to add something that you have just realized or remembered

〔刚意识到或想起〕还有，说起来

Come to think of it, George did seem a bit depressed yesterday.

说起来，乔治昨天确实看上去有点沮丧。

He had never expected to have a wife, or even a girlfriend come to that.

他从未期望会有个妻子，甚至没有想到会有女朋友。

used to talk about a particular time in the future

Come spring, you’ll have plenty of colour in the garden.

到了春天，花园里就会五彩缤纷。

used to ask someone to repeat what they have just said

don’t come the innocent/victim/helpless male etc with me

used to tell someone not to pretend that they are something they are not in order to get sympathy or help from you

别在我面前装无辜/受害者/无助的男人等

Don’t come the poor struggling artist with me. You’re just lazy!

别在我面前装成个可怜巴巴勉强过活的艺术家。你就是懒！

used to comfort or gently encourage someone

好了，行了〔用于安慰或鼓励〕

used to tell someone that you do not accept what they are saying or doing

行了，得了〔表示不赞同别人说的话或做的事〕


come

a man’s sementhe liquid he produces during sex


comeback

if a person, activity, style etc makes a comeback, they become popular again after being unpopular for a long time

The miniskirt made a comeback in the late 1980s.

迷你裙在20世纪80年代末又再度流行起来。

a quick reply that is often clever, funny, and insulting

〔机智、幽默而又尖刻的〕回答，反驳

我想不出什么巧妙的回答。

a way of getting payment or a reward for something wrong or unfair that has been done to you

Check your contract carefully, or you may have no comeback if something goes wrong.

仔细检查一下你的合同，否则出了什么差错的话你可能得不到任何赔偿。


comedian

someone whose job is to tell jokes and make people laugh

He started as a [stand-up comedian](bold)(=someone who tells jokes to an audience).

他最初是一名单口喜剧演员。

你会喜欢马特的，他这人非常有趣。


comedy

→ [black comedy](->black comedy) → [situation comedy](->situation comedy)

(=a regular TV programme about the same characters)

I used to like the comedy series 'Friends’.

He is best known as a comedy writer for radio and television.

(=a very famous comedy actor or actress)

The main role in the film is played by comedy star Whoopi Goldberg.

They were the most successful comedy films of all time.

He always has a brilliant comedy routine.

(=two people who perform together regularly)

the legendary comedy duo Laurel and Hardy

(=all the people, places etc involved in providing comedy)

She became a major star on the international comedy circuit.

(=performances with one person telling jokes alone)

(=in which the performers do silly things like falling over, getting dirty etc)

The tradition of slapstick comedy goes back to the early days of cinema.

(=intelligent and with very funny conversations and situations)

The director wanted actors who could play high comedy.

He’s a popular actor who excels at low comedy.

(=about subjects that are not very serious)

(=about subjects that are usually sad or serious,  especially death)

The plot contains plenty of black comedy.

(=that is different from traditional types of comedy)

He’s making a name for himself on the alternative comedy scene.

'Four weddings and a Funeral' is a well-known romantic comedy.

(=about serious subjects, especially death)

There are several murders in this black comedy set in Florida.

As far as musical comedies go, this is one of the most successful.

(=about emotions such as love and sadness)

The film is one of those tearful sentimental comedies.

(=a regular comedy TV programme about the same characters)

She starred in a situation comedy about a family with teenage kids, that ran for ten years.

The actor played the character Baldrick in the TV comedy 'Blackadder'.

entertainment that is intended to make people laugh

a career in [stand-up comedy](bold)(=telling jokes in front of people as a job)

a play, film, or television programme that is intended to make people laugh

the quality in something such as a book or play that makes people laugh

Can’t you see the comedy of the situation?

你不觉得这种情况滑稽吗？


comet

an object in space like a bright ball with a long tail, that moves around the Sun