flat

The flat was too small for the three of them.

It was a big flat with eight or nine rooms.

She spends most days shut up in a poky flat looking after her disabled Mum.

She lived in a one-bedroom flat in Clapham.

a ground-floor/first-floor/second-floor etc flat

They lived in a basement flat in South London.

I might just be able to afford a tiny studio flat.

Many high-rise flats were built in the 1970s.

He returned to his rented flat in Cheltenham.

Laura shares a luxury flat with her sister Chloe.

(=a flat with its own kitchen and bathroom)

We rented a self-contained flat in the city centre.

(=a rented flat that does or does not have furniture)

The building has been converted into three holiday flats.

(=a large building divided into separate flats)

At the time, I lived in a block of flats in St John’s Wood.

Terry lived in a flat on the second floor.

I had planned to buy a flat with Geraldine.

Renting a flat can be very expensive in this part of town.

They move into their new flat next week.

The couple own their own flat in Peebles.

a place for people to live that consists of a set of rooms that are part of a larger building

一套住房，一套公寓房，单元房

他们在蹲尾区有一套公寓。

The building was knocked down to make way for a [block of flats](bold)(=a large building with many flats in it).

那幢建筑被拆了，腾出地方建一幢公寓楼。

a tyre that does not have enough air inside

真该死，车子有个轮胎没气了。

他停下来换掉瘪了的轮胎。

a musical note that is one semitone lower than a particular note

the sign (Ƅ) in written music that shows that a note is one semitone lower than a particular note

an area of land that is at a low level, especially near water

a pair of women’s shoes with very low heels

the flat of sb’s hand/a knife/a sword etc

某人的掌面/刀面/剑面等

on ground that is level and does not slope


flat

[flat broke](bold) at → [broke](->broke) 2 sense 1

in a position in which the surface of something is against another surface without curving or sloping

That night I [lay flat on](bold) my [back](bold) and stared up at the ceiling.

那一夜，我仰面平躺，眼睛直直地盯着天花板。

in exactly three minutes, ten seconds etc – used to emphasize that something happens or is done very quickly

正好三分钟/十秒钟等〔用于强调事情发生或完成的速度很快〕

我只用五分钟就穿好衣服了。

if a joke, story etc falls flat, it does not achieve the effect that is intended

〔笑话、故事等〕没有达到预期效果

Unfortunately, what could have been a powerful drama fell flat.

真可惜，本该是很有影响力的一出戏却没有出彩。

if you sing or play music flat, you sing or play slightly lower than the correct note so that the sound is unpleasant

降音[调]地，音调偏低地

to fall so that you are lying on your chest on the ground

巴贝滑了一跤，摔趴在地上。

to not have the result you want or expect, especially when this is embarrassing

达不到预期的效果〔尤指造成尴尬〕

The theory falls flat on its face when put into practice.

该理论在实际应用时栽了跟头。

Everyone’s working flat out to finish on time.

所有人都全力以赴，争取按时完成。

She asked him flat out if he was seeing another woman.

她直截了当地问他是否在跟别的女人约会。

to tell someone something directly and definitely

I told him flat that I didn’t want to see him again.

我和他直说我不想再见到他了。


flatten

to make something flat or flatter, or to become flat or flatter

The land flattened out as we neared the coast.

我们接近海岸时，地势变平坦了。

to destroy a building or town by knocking it down, bombing it etc

Hundreds of homes were flattened by the tornado.

数百户住宅被龙卷风夷为平地。

to defeat someone completely and easily in a game, argument etc

〔在比赛、争论等中轻易彻底地〕击败，击倒，驳倒

我们以6比0彻底击败了他们。


flatter

to praise someone in order to please them or get something from them, even though you do not mean it

Perry would always flatter Mrs. Mitchell by praising her cooking.

佩里常常奉承米切尔太太，称赞她的烹调手艺。

to make someone look as attractive as they can

那件连衣裙很显你的身材。

to make something look or seem more important or better than it is

使〔某物〕显得更重要[更好]

Lewis’s novel doesn’t flatter Midwestern attitudes and morals.

刘易斯的小说并没有美化美国中西部人的生活态度和道德观念。

if you flatter yourself that something is true about your abilities or achievements, you make yourself believe it is true, although it is not

She flatters herself that she could have been a model.

她自以为原本是可以当模特的。


flavour

The flavor was like peaches, but not as sweet.

a relatively mild chili with a rich, smoky flavor

The flavour of the sauce was quite strong.

The brown sugar makes the flavour especially rich.

I prefer a sausage with a milder flavour.

Add milk to make the flavour more mellow.

The wine should be served cold so that it doesn’t lose any of its delicate flavour.

(=very different from other foods or drinks)

Juniper berries give the drink its distinctive flavour.

Does this milkshake come in a chocolate flavor?

These biscuits have a very distinctive flavour.

The fruit is cooked to bring out the flavour.

You can enhance the flavour by adding some cream.

〔食物或饮料的〕味，味道

Which flavour do you want – chocolate or vanilla?

你要哪种味道的，巧克力还是香草？

a dry wine with flavors of honey and apricot

带有蜂蜜和杏子口味的干葡萄酒

I prefer this one because it has more flavour.

我喜欢这种，因为它味道更好。

a substance used to give something a particular taste

a quality or feature that makes something have a particular style or character

The stories have a strong regional flavour.

这些故事有很强的地方色彩。

Critics claim the building would destroy the flavor of the neighborhood.

批评者称这幢建筑会破坏街区的风格。

an idea of what the typical qualities of something are

〔对某事物特点的〕概念，想法

Marston’s book [gives](bold) you a [flavour of](bold) life in the 16th century.

马斯顿的书能让你体味到16世纪的生活。

an idea, person, style etc that is very popular at a particular time


flavour

([BrE](special)) AmE flavor  [v](bold) <[T](bold)>

to give something a particular taste or more taste


flaw

a mistake, mark, or weakness that makes something imperfect

A [design flaw](bold)(=a mistake or weakness in the way something was made) caused the engine to explode.

一个设计缺陷导致了引擎爆炸。

a mistake or problem in an argument, plan, set of ideas etc

〔论点、计划、思想等中的〕错误，缺陷

Beautiful scenery does not make up for the flaws of this film.

美丽的风光弥补不了此影片的不足。

There is a [fundamental flaw](bold) in Walton’s argument.

沃尔顿的论点中有一个根本性的错误。

[fatal flaw](bold)(=a weakness that makes something certain to fail)

嫉妒是奥赛罗的主要弱点。


flawed

spoiled by having mistakes, weaknesses, or by being damaged

有错误的；有缺点的；有损坏的

The research behind this report is seriously flawed.

这份报告背后的研究工作存在严重错误。


flee

[past tense and past participle](italic) [fled](bold) /fled/

to leave somewhere very quickly, in order to escape from danger

Masaari spent six months in prison before [fleeing](bold) the [country](bold).

Many German artists fled to America at the beginning of World War II.

第二次世界大战初期，许多德国艺术家逃到了美国。


fleet

a group of ships, or all the ships in a navy

a group of vehicles that are controlled by one company


fleet

Atalanta was [fleet of foot](bold)(=able to run quickly).


flesh

[get your pound of flesh](bold) at → [pound](->pound) 1 sense 5 [press the flesh](bold) at → [press](->press) 2 sense 14 [the spirit is willing but the flesh is weak](bold) at → [spirit](->spirit) 1 sense 16

the soft part of the body of a person or animal that is between the skin and the bones

一种肉色雪白、肉质紧实的淡水鱼

他的皮肤发红，上面全是疮。

the soft part of a fruit or vegetable that can be eaten

Cut the melon in half and scoop out the flesh.

把瓜切成两半，然后挖出瓜瓤。

if you see someone in the flesh, you see someone who you previously had only seen in pictures, films etc

He looked much shorter in the flesh than on television.

他本人看上去要比在电视上矮得多。

to make someone feel frightened, nervous, or uncomfortable

使某人毛骨悚然[胆战心惊]

The way he stared at her made her flesh creep.

他盯着她看的那副神情令她毛骨悚然。

How can he treat his own flesh and blood that way?

他怎么能那样对待自己的至亲骨肉？

the physical human body, as opposed to the mind or spirit

肉体〔相对于思想或灵魂〕

[the pleasures/desires/temptations of the flesh](bold)(=things such as drinking, eating a lot, or having sex)

to give more details about something to make it clear, more interesting etc

充实某事物，加细节于某事物

I’ll try to put some flesh on the plan Margaret has outlined.

我来具体说说玛格丽特刚才概述的这个计划。


flexibility

the ability to change or be changed easily to suit a different situation

Employees expect flexibility in the workplace.

员工们期望能够灵活办公。

Stretching exercises will help your flexibility.

伸展运动能增强身体柔韧性。


flexible

a person, plan etc that is flexible can change or be changed easily to suit any new situation

We can be flexible about your starting date.

你具体从哪天开始，我们可以灵活一点。

Our new computer software is extremely flexible.

我们的新电脑软件兼容性极好。

The government needs a more [flexible approach](bold) to education.

政府在处理教育问题上需要更加灵活。

something that is flexible can bend or be bent easily

易弯曲的，有弹性的，柔韧的


flick

to make something move away by hitting or pushing it suddenly or quickly, especially with your thumb and finger

〔尤指用大拇指和另一手指〕弹，拂

to move with a sudden quick movement, or to make something move in this way

The cow’s tail flicked from side to side.

to move a switch so that a machine or piece of electrical equipment starts or stops

I felt inside the doorway and [flicked](bold) the light [switch](bold).

我在门道里摸索，按下了电灯开关。

to look very quickly at someone or something

if you flick something such as a towel or rope, you move it so that the end moves quickly away from you

用〔毛巾、绳等〕轻拂，轻快地甩打

The old man flicked his whip and the horses moved off.

老人鞭子一挥，马儿上路了。


flick

a short quick sudden movement or hit with a part of your body, whip etc

With [a flick of the wrist](bold), Frye sent the ball into the opposite court.

弗赖伊手腕一抖，把球送到了对方半场。

used to emphasize how easy it is to start a machine and use it

只需轻轻一按开关〔用于强调开动和使用机器很容易〕

I can shut off all the power in the building [at the flick of a switch](bold).

只需按一下开关，我就能关闭大楼的所有电源。

to look at a book, magazine, set of pictures etc very quickly

I had a quick flick through your report.

我很快地翻了一下你的报告。


flicker

to burn or shine with an unsteady light that goes on and off quickly

The overhead lights flickered momentarily.

if an emotion or expression flickers on someone’s face or through their mind, it exists or is shown for only a short time

A puzzled smile flickered across the woman’s face.

那女人脸上掠过一丝困惑的微笑。

to quickly make a sudden small movement or series of movements

Polly’s eyelids flickered, then she slept.

波莉眼皮颤了几下，然后就睡了。


flicker

an unsteady light that goes on and off quickly

a flicker of emotion/uncertainty/excitement etc

a feeling or expression that continues for a very short time

霎时的感情/犹豫/激动等

她看到他的眼里闪过一丝怀疑。

a quick sudden movement or series of movements


flight

→ [in-flight](->in-flight) → [top-flight](->top-flight)

I’ll be there tomorrow morning if I can get a flight.

They caught a flight that night to Frankfurt.

We arrived at the departure lounge to board the flight to Madrid.

(=pay a company for the use of their aircraft)

The club have chartered a special flight for fans.

(=make flights available for people to use)

The airline operates three flights a day between London and New York.

She’d just got off a flight from Buenos Aires.

Passengers travelling on flight BMI 373 to Zurich should proceed to gate 17.

(=a flight that was due to go somewhere does not go)

All flights have been cancelled due to fog.

Her flight was delayed and she arrived over an hour late.

(=it is made to change direction and land at a different airport)

Our flight was diverted to Manchester because of poor weather.

a flight is bound for London/New York etc

Johnson boarded a flight bound for Caracas.

(=uncomfortable because the plane moved up and down a lot)

The flight was very bumpy, and we really wondered whether we would make it.

Environmental groups are calling for an end to cheap flights.

(=a flight going straight from one place to another without stopping)

(=a flight between one country and another)

The number of international flights increased by over 5% last year.

Is there a domestic flight between Havana and Varadero?

You should wear comfortable clothes on a long-haul flight.

(=a plane service that flies at the same time every day or every week)

There are scheduled flights between the islands.

(=a plane service that is arranged for a particular group or purpose)

The company is operating charter flights to Crete.

(=a flight that arrives before another one leaves)

We had to wait for three hours in New York before catching a connecting flight to Chicago.

(=a flight that goes from one continent to another, for example from Europe to Asia)

Passengers on intercontinental flights can reserve seats with extra legroom.

They were on a routine flight when their helicopter developed engine trouble

The aircraft made a successful test flight on June 3rd.

The plane’s maiden flight is scheduled for November.

Our estimated flight time is three hours and fifteen minutes.

They lived directly underneath a busy flight path.

Write the flight number on all your luggage labels.

For some reason the pilot diverged from the flight plan.

a journey in a plane or space vehicle, or the plane or vehicle that is making the journey

〔乘坐飞机或太空飞船的〕飞行，航程；航班，班机

→see THESAURUS at [journey](->journey) 1

He immediately booked a flight to Toulouse.

他当即就订了去图卢兹的航班。

There are only three flights a day to Logan Airport from Heathrow.

希思罗机场每天只有三趟飞往洛根机场的航班。

In 1968, the first supersonic airliner [took flight](bold)(=began flying).

1968年，首架超音速客机飞上天空。

an object’s or bird’s movement through the air

During its flight, the weapon twists and turns.

这种武器能够在飞行过程中转向。

a set of stairs between one floor and the next

〔两个楼层间的〕一段楼梯

从这儿往下走两层就是伯特的住处。

她从整整一段楼梯上跌落下来。

when you leave a place in order to try and escape from a person or a dangerous situation

〔从某人手中或险境中的〕逃走，逃跑

Donald Woods' hasty flight from South Africa early in 1978

1978年初唐纳德•伍德匆忙逃离南非

[take flight](bold) [also](special) [take to flight](bold) BrE

When the alarm sounded, the whole gang took flight.

警报响起，一帮人全逃跑了。

[put sb to flight](bold)(=make someone run away especially by fighting or threatening them)

thoughts, ideas etc that are full of imagination but that are not practical or sensible


flight attendant

someone who serves food and drinks to passengers on a plane, and looks after their comfort and safety

空中服务员，〔客机的〕乘务员


flimsy

flimsy cloth or clothing is light and thin

一件又轻又薄的棉布连衣裙

something that is flimsy is not strong or well-made, and will break easily

a flimsy agreement is weak and can easily be damaged or broken

〔协议〕脆弱的，不牢靠的

a flimsy alliance between the two tribal groups

a flimsy argument or excuse does not seem very likely and people do not believe it

The [evidence](bold) against him is extremely [flimsy](bold).

指控他的证据根本站不住脚。


fling

[past tense and past participle](italic) [flung](bold) /flʌŋ/

to throw something somewhere using a lot of force

People cheered and flung their hats into the air.

民众欢呼着把帽子抛向空中。

to throw or move something roughly and carelessly

〔粗鲁而随便地〕扔，抛，丢

He flung his coat over the back of a chair.

to push someone roughly, especially so that they fall to the ground

猛推；〔尤指〕推倒〔某人〕

He grabbed her arm and flung her to the ground.

他抓住她的胳膊，将她推倒在地。

to move yourself or part of your body quickly, using a lot of force

扑向，冲向；猛地移动，猛地伸出

He [flung himself](bold) down on the bed.

She [flung](bold) her [arms](bold) round Louise.

她猛地伸出双臂搂住路易丝。

to say something to someone in an angry way

People were flinging all sorts of accusations at her.

别人用他自己说过的话回敬了他。

to open a door or window roughly, using a lot of force

The door was flung open and Selkirk entered.

门猛地被推开，塞尔扣克走了进来。

to put someone in prison, often without having a good reason

〔常指没有充分理由而〕把某人投入监狱

Opposition leaders were flung into jail.

反对派领导人被投入监狱。

to start doing something with a lot of energy

全力投入某事，投身于某事

After the divorce he flung himself into his work to forget her.

离婚后，他全身心扑在工作上，想忘掉她。

to move suddenly towards someone in order to attack them or hold them

He flung himself at her and snatched the bag.

他突然向她冲过去，抢走了包。

The children flung themselves at him, squealing with joy.

孩子们高兴地尖叫着向他扑去。

to show in a very clear open way that you want to have a sexual relationship with someone – used to show disapproval

向某人投怀送抱，主动把自己送给某人〔含贬义〕


fling

a short and not very serious sexual relationship

They [had](bold) a [brief fling](bold) a few years ago.

他们几年前曾有过一段短暂的恋情。

a short period of time during which you enjoy yourself without worrying about anything

He sees this as his [final fling](bold) before he retires.

他把这看作是他退休前的最后一次放纵。


flip

[past tense and past participle](italic) [flipped](bold) [present participle](italic) [flipping](bold)

to move something with a quick sudden movement so that it is in a different position

He flipped the top off the bottle and poured himself a drink.

他一下子打开瓶盖，给自己倒了杯饮料。

She [flipped](bold) the lid of the box [open](bold) and looked inside.

她迅速打开盒盖，往里面看。

He flipped the paper over and started writing on the back.

他唰地把纸翻过来，在背面写了起来。

to make a flat object such as a coin go upwards and turn over in the air

We [flipped](bold) a [coin](bold) to see who would go first.

There’s quite an art to flipping pancakes.

我动了火，大声叫嚷起来。

to move a switch so that a machine or piece of electrical equipment starts or stops

Anna [flipped](bold) the [switch](bold) that opened the front gate.

安娜按了打开前门的开关。

to turn the pages of a book or newspaper quickly, especially because you are looking for something

〔尤因寻找东西而快速地〕浏览

He picked up the newspaper and flipped straight to the sports pages.

他拿起报纸，直接翻到体育版。

I flipped through my address book but couldn’t find her phone number.

我翻了通讯录，但是找不到她的电话号码。

to buy a house and then sell it again quickly for a profit, usually after improving it

Mom flipped her lid when she found out I was pregnant.


flip

an action in which you make a flat object such as a coin go upwards and turn over in the air

In the end the decision was made by the [flip of a coin](bold).

a movement in which you jump up and turn over in the air, so that your feet go over your head

I tripped and almost did a backward flip down the stairs.

我绊了一下，差点从楼梯上倒栽下来。

an action in which you turn the pages of a book or newspaper quickly, especially because you are looking for something

I had a quick flip through my cookery books and found a recipe that sounded quite nice.

我匆匆翻了翻烹饪书，找了个似乎相当不错的菜谱。


flip

我听够了他那些轻率的评论。


float

to stay or move on the surface of a liquid without sinking

我不能肯定这只木筏是否浮得起来。

She spent the afternoon floating on her back in the pool.

整个下午她都仰面浮在泳池里。

A couple of broken branches floated past us.

几根断枝从我们身边漂过。

to put something on the surface of a liquid so that it does not sink

The logs are trimmed and then floated down the river.

这些原木经修整后被放进河里顺流漂下。

if something floats, it moves slowly through the air or stays up in the air

I looked up at the clouds floating in the sky.

Leaves floated gently down from the trees.

if sounds or smells float somewhere, people in another place can hear or smell them

The sound of her voice came floating down from an upstairs window.

她的声音从楼上的一个窗户飘下来。

Rachel floated around the bedroom in a lace nightgown.

蕾切尔穿着蕾丝睡袍，在卧室里轻盈地走来走去。

to suggest an idea or plan in order to see if people like it

我们最早是在1992年提出这个想法的。

if the government of a country floats its money, the value of the money is allowed to change freely in relation to money from other countries

Russia decided to float the rouble on the foreign exchange market.

俄罗斯决定让卢布在外汇市场上自由浮动。

to sell shares in a company or business to the public for the first time

The company will be floated on the stock market next year.

to write a cheque when you do not have enough money in the bank to pay it

used to say that someone can do or use whatever they like

You can add raisins, nuts, chocolate chips – whatever floats your boat.

你可以加葡萄干、果仁、碎巧克力——想加什么就加什么。


float

a large vehicle that is decorated to drive through the streets as part of a special event

〔游行时用的〕彩车，花车

We stood and watched the Carnival floats drive past.

我们站着观看狂欢节彩车经过。

a sweet drink that has ice cream floating in it

冰激凌漂浮饮料，雪顶饮料

a small light object that floats on the surface of the water, used by people trying to catch fish to show where their line is

a flat light object that you can rest part of your body on in water to help you learn to swim

a small amount of money that someone in a shop keeps so that they have enough money to give change to people

a time when shares in a company are made available for people to buy for the first time

〔公司股票的〕发行，上市

a time when you sit in a flotation tank in order to treat illness or injury, or to relax

坐浮箱〔以治病、疗伤或放松〕


flock

a priest’s flock is the group of people who regularly attend his or her church

〔经常到某位牧师所属教堂礼拜的〕全体教徒[会众]

small pieces of wool or cotton that are used for filling cushions

〔填充垫子的〕絮屑，毛棉填料

(AmE also: [flocking](bold) /ˈflɒkɪŋ
        ˈflaː-/ )

a soft substance that is used to make patterns on the surface of wallpaper, curtains etc

〔用于在墙纸、窗帘等表面制作图案的〕植绒材料，柔软贴料


flock

if people flock to a place, they go there in large numbers because something interesting or exciting is happening there

People have been flocking to the exhibition.

Tourists flock to see the town’s medieval churches and buildings.

游客蜂拥而至，参观该镇的中世纪教堂和建筑。


flood

to cover a place with water, or to become covered with water

Towns and cities all over the country have been flooded.

全国各地的城镇都被淹没了。

The houses down by the river flood quite regularly.

if a river floods, it is too full, and spreads water over the land around it

There are now fears that the river could flood.

现在人们担心河水会泛滥。

to arrive or go somewhere in large numbers

Refugees are still flooding across the border.

Donations have been flooding in since we launched the appeal.

我们发出呼吁后，捐款如潮水般涌来。

to send a very large number of things to a place or organization

将某物大量送至某地[某机构]

a plan to flood the country with forged banknotes

使大量假钞流入该国的计划

to receive so many letters, complaints, or inquiries that you cannot deal with them all easily

人们纷纷表示愿意为我们提供帮助。

to produce and sell a very large number of one type of thing, so that the price goes down

〔用某物〕充斥市场〔以造成价格下跌〕

Car manufacturers have been accused of flooding the market with cheap cars.

汽车制造商被指责以廉价汽车充斥市场。

if light floods a place or floods into it, it makes it very light and bright

The morning sun flooded the room with a gentle light.

if a feeling or memory floods over you or floods back, you feel or remember it very strongly

〔感觉或回忆〕涌上心头，涌现

I felt happiness and relief flooding over me.

我感到幸福和宽慰包围了我。

Memories of my time in Paris flooded back.

在巴黎生活的回忆又涌上我心头。

if an engine floods or if you flood it, it has too much petrol in it, so that it will not start


flood

[flash flood](bold) at → [flash](->flash) 3 sense 1

a very large amount of water that covers an area that is usually dry

那个村子因洪水而与外界中断了联系。

a very large number of things or people that arrive at the same time

The UN appealed for help with the [flood of refugees](bold) crossing the border.

大量难民涌过边界，联合国呼吁援助。

a river that is in flood has much more water in it than usual


floor

She lives in an apartment on the eighteenth floor.

used when saying how many levels a building has

the floor of a building that is at ground level

The emergency room is on the first floor.

the floor of a building above the one at ground level

one of the levels on a ship, bus, or plane

The Horizon Lounge is on the top deck of the ship.

He grabbed a broom and began sweeping the floor.

Officers found her lying face down on the floor.

I’ve still got to clean the bathroom floor.

There were a couple of oriental rugs on the tiled floor.

Barbara was sitting on the carpeted floor.

Father Murphy led me to a tiny room with a bare floor and a simple bed.

(=flat square pieces of clay or other material, used to cover floors)

When you buy floor tiles, always get a few extra.

(=a material, such as carpet, that covers a floor)

A carpet fitter can fit floor coverings quickly and inexpensively.

(=a measure of how big a room or building is, based on the size of the floor)

The shop has 33,000 square feet of floor space.

the flat surface that you stand on inside a building

a warehouse that has 410,000 square feet of [floor space](bold)

楼面面积为41万平方英尺的仓库

the part of a car that forms its inside floor

We are located on the seventh floor of the building.

the ground at the bottom of the ocean, the forest etc

〔海洋等的〕底；〔森林等的〕地面

an area in a room where people can dance

There were two or three couples already on the [dance floor](bold).

舞池里已经有两三对人了。

Everyone took to the floor for the last waltz.

所有人都跳起了最后一支华尔兹。

a large area in a building where a lot of people do their jobs

He wasn’t keen on the idea of working on the [shop floor](bold)(=the part of a factory where people make things using machines).

他对去工厂车间干活不感兴趣。

the busy [trading floor](bold)(=area where [stocks](bold,->stocks) and [shares](bold,->shares) are bought and sold)

an officially agreed limit below which something cannot go

Manufacturers have tried to [put a floor under](bold) the price of their products.

厂商试图给自己的产品定一个底价。

the part of a parliament, public meeting place etc where people sit

〔议会的〕议员席；〔公开会议的〕座位区

The delegates crowded the floor of the House.

代表们挤满了议院的议员席。

to begin speaking at an important public meeting

〔在重要的公开会议上〕发言

to be speaking or have the right to speak at an important public meeting

He stepped aside to allow other speakers to have the floor.

他站到一旁，让其他演讲者发言。

if a price, amount etc goes through the floor, it becomes very low

〔价格、数量等〕降到很低的水平

Share prices have gone through the floor.


floor

to surprise or shock someone so much that they do not know what to say or do

A couple of the questions completely floored me.

有几个问题把我完全问倒了。

to hit someone so hard that they fall down

He was floored in the first round of the fight.

拳击赛第一回合他就被击倒了。

踩足〔汽车〕的油门，使全速行驶

I got into the car and [floored it](bold).

我上了车，把油门踩到底。


flour

→ [plain flour](->plain flour) → [self-raising flour](->self-raising flour)

a powder that is made by crushing wheat or other grain and that is used for making bread, cakes etc


flour

to cover a surface with flour when you are cooking

Roll the pastry out on a lightly floured board.

把面团放在撒有少许面粉的案板上擀平。


flourish

The economy is booming and small businesses are flourishing.

经济繁荣，小企业蒸蒸日上。

Most plants will flourish in the rich deep soils here.

大多数植物在此处的肥沃深厚土壤里都能茁壮成长。

to wave something in your hand in order to make people notice it

〔为引起注意而〕挥动〔手中的东西〕

She walked quickly to the desk, flourishing her cheque book.

她挥着支票簿快步走到桌子旁。


flourish

with a large confident movement that makes people notice you

用引人注意的动作，用夸张的动作

He opened his wallet with a flourish and took out a handful of notes.

他夸张地打开皮夹，拿出一把钞票。

a special or impressive part of something

There’s nothing like a luxurious dessert to give a menu a [final flourish](bold).

以一道丰盛的甜点为菜单压轴是无可媲美的。

They finished the season with a flourish, winning their last three matches.

他们拿下最后的三场比赛，辉煌地结束了这个赛季。

a loud part of a piece of music, played especially when an important person enters

〔尤指重要人物进场时演奏的〕花彩号声

a curved line that you use to decorate writing


flow

→ [cash flow](->cash flow) [ebb and flow](bold) at → [ebb](->ebb) 1 sense 3

a smooth steady movement of liquid, gas, or electricity

〔液体、气体或电的〕流动，流

He struggled to swim against the flow of the water.

他逆着水流拼命地往前游。

I tied a towel round his leg to try to [stem](bold) the [flow](bold) of blood.

我在他腿上包扎了块毛巾止血。

a new road system to improve traffic flow through the city centre

疏导市中心车流的新道路系统

the movement of goods, people, or information from one place to another

〔商品、人或信息的〕流动

There has been a [steady flow](bold) of people leaving the area.

They have accused the government of trying to block the [free flow](bold) of information.

an attempt to [stem](bold) the [flow](bold) of refugees across the border

阻止难民潮跨越边境的尝试

the continuous stream of words or ideas when someone is speaking, writing, or thinking about something

I didn’t want to [interrupt](bold) her [flow](bold), so I said nothing.

我不想打断她的话头，所以什么也没有说。

the regular movement of the sea towards the land

if someone is in full flow, they are busy talking about something and seem likely to continue for a long time

to agree that you will do the thing that most people want to do

I don’t mind, I’ll just go with the flow.

我无所谓，就随大家好了。

to do something very different from what other people are doing

逆潮流而动，与主流背道而驰


flow

if liquid flows, it moves in a steady continuous stream

The river flows very quickly at this point.

to flow – used when saying that something flows in a particular direction

Water was running down the walls of the room.

You couldn't drink any of the water that came out of the tap.

Blood was pouring from a wound on his head.

to flow out quickly in very large quantities

Water was gushing out at more than 3000 gallons a minute.

to flow out suddenly with a lot of force

Oil was spurting from a small hole in the pipe.

to flow slowly in drops or in a thin stream

Clare felt sweat trickling down the back of her neck.

to flow in or out through a small hole or crack, usually when this is not meant to happen

to flow from something very slowly – used about blood or a thick liquid

Water dripped from the tap continuously.

to flow down the side of something in large amounts

when a liquid, gas, or electricity flows, it moves in a steady continuous stream

These gates regulate the amount of water flowing into the canal.

这些闸门调节流入运河的水量。

If the windows are shut, air cannot [flow freely](bold) through the building.

要是关闭窗户，空气就无法在大楼里自由流通。

if goods, people, or information flow from one place to another, they move there in large numbers or amounts

Money has been flowing into the country from Western aid agencies.

资金源源不断地从西方援助机构流入该国。

The number of refugees flowing into the area is still increasing.

流入该地区的难民数量仍在上升。

if traffic flows, it moves easily from one place to another

The new one-way system should help the traffic to flow better.

新的单行道系统应可使车流更加畅通。

if alcohol flows at a party, people drink a lot and there is a lot available

Beer and whisky [flowed freely](bold) as the evening wore on.

夜越来越深，啤酒和威士忌也越喝越多。

if conversation or ideas flow, people talk or have ideas steadily and continuously, without anything stopping or interrupting them

Everyone was relaxed and the conversation [flowed freely](bold).

所有人都很放松，畅所欲言。

when the sea flows, it moves towards the land

We watched the tide [ebb and flow](bold).

if a feeling flows through you or over you, you feel it strongly

她感到一股强烈的愤怒传遍全身。

if clothing or hair flows, it falls or hangs loosely and gracefully

〔衣服、头发〕松松垂下，飘拂

由于 …而产生，是 …的结果

the political consequences that flowed from this decision

这项决定所产生的政治后果


flower

They admired the lovely flowers in the garden.

The plant produces delicate purple flowers.

A number of rare flowers grow in these woods.

There were dead flowers in a vase of green water.

The meadows were covered with wild flowers.

Dahlias have become one of the best loved garden flowers.

We grow exotic flowers from all over the world.

The mountainsides were blanketed with spring flowers.

Make cut flowers last longer by changing the water in the vase.

She had brightened up the room with a vase of dried flowers.

She wore a huge silk flower in her hair.

Flowers were growing along the side of the road.

As the weather gets warmer, the flowers open.

I'll pick some flowers to put on the table.

The plant will produce beautiful trumpet-shaped flowers.

(=give a flower or plant pollen so that it can produce seeds)

The fields were covered in wild flowers.

(=a large bunch of flowers that is given to someone)

At this time of the year, the flowers are in bloom.

(=have a lot of flowers growing on every part)

In spring, the valley is a mass of flowers.

She produced dried flower arrangements for sale.

I learnt flower arranging from my mother.

(=an area for growing flowers in a garden)

a coloured or white part that a plant or tree produces before fruit or seeds

a lovely rose bush with delicate pink flowers

一簇开着娇嫩的粉红色花朵的美丽蔷薇

fields full of beautiful [wild flowers](bold)

a small plant that produces beautiful flowers

He wasn’t interested in growing flowers in the garden.

他对在花园里种花没兴趣。

She bent down and [picked](bold) a [flower](bold).

The first night we met he gave me a bunch of flowers.

我们认识的第一个晚上，他就送给我一束花。

a beautiful [flower arrangement](bold)(=flowers arranged together in an attractive way)

a plant or tree that is in flower has flowers on it

It was May, and the apple trees were all in flower.

那是个5月，苹果树开满了花。

Roses start to [come into flower](bold) in June.

…的精华， …的最好部分

young men killed in the flower of their youth

在风华正茂之时被夺去生命的年轻人


flower

Bulbs that you plant in the autumn should flower the following spring.

秋天种下的鳞茎植物来年春天就会开花。

the economic and social conditions that will allow democracy to flower


flu

a common illness that makes you feel very tired and weak, gives you a sore throat, and makes you cough and have to clear your nose a lot

史蒂文患了流感，仍卧病在床。

I couldn’t go because I [had flu](bold).

Doctors now fear a [flu epidemic](bold).

医生现在担心会出现流感大暴发。


fluctuate

if a price or amount fluctuates, it keeps changing and becoming higher and lower

〔价格或数量〕波动，上下变动，起伏

Prices were volatile, fluctuating between $20 and $40.

价格不稳定，在20至40美元之间波动。

The number of children in the school fluctuates around 100.

该校的学童人数在100左右波动。

Insect populations [fluctuate wildly](bold) from year to year.

昆虫的数量每年变化很大。


fluctuation

ˌflʌktʃuˈeɪʃən

ˌflʌktʃuˈeɪʃən

〔价格、数量、水平等的〕波动，起伏


fluent

[fluently](bold) adv. eg: He spoke French fluently.

〔语言表达〕熟练的，流利的

She was fluent in English, French, and German.

她的英语、法语和德语都很流利。

someone who speaks fluent French etc speaks it like a person from that country

他用流利的意大利语讲话。

fluent speech or writing is smooth and confident, with no mistakes

〔语言或文字〕流畅熟练的

他是个文思流畅、下笔成章的散文作家。

fluent movements are smooth and gentle, not sudden and sharp

She rose with the fluent movement of an athlete.

她站起身来，动作犹如运动员般优美流畅。


fluid

He is not allowed solid food yet, only fluids.

他还不能吃固体食物，只能进流食。


fluid

a situation that is fluid is likely to change

〔形势〕不稳定的，易变的

fluid movements are smooth, relaxed, and graceful

〔动作〕优美自然的，优雅的，流畅的


flush

to become red in the face, for example when you are angry or embarrassed

Susan [flushed deeply](bold) and looked away.

苏珊脸涨得通红，目光转向别处。

萝宾感觉自己的两颊涨得通红。

库珀太太愤怒得涨红了脸。

if you flush a toilet, or if it flushes, you make water go through it to clean it

Why do children never remember to flush the loo?

小孩子为什么从来都不记得冲马桶？

She [flushed](bold) the rest of her drink [down the toilet](bold).

她把剩下的酒倒进抽水马桶里冲走了。

to force water through a pipe in order to clean it

They flush clean water through the pipes once a day.

他们每天都用干净的水冲洗一次管子。


flush

a red colour that appears on your face when you are angry or embarrassed

〔因生气或尴尬而引起的〕脸红，潮红

His words brought a warm flush to her face.

他那番话讲得她脸红发烫。

a flush of anger/embarrassment/excitement etc

a sudden feeling of anger, embarrassment etc

the part of a toilet that cleans it with a sudden flow of water

抽水马桶的冲洗装置有故障。

the act of cleaning a toilet by forcing water through it

a set of cards that someone has in a card game that are all of the same suit

the beginning of a period of time when you are young etc

a group of adolescent boys in the first flush of manhood

一群刚刚步入成年的青春期男孩

a large number of things that happen or arrive at the same time

〔同时发生或到来的〕大批某物

The spring brings a flush of young animals to the farm.

春天给农场带来了许许多多的动物幼崽。


flush

if two surfaces are flush, they are at exactly the same level, so that the place where they meet is flat

Make sure that the cupboard is flush with the wall.

if someone is flush, they have plenty of money to spend


flute

a musical instrument like a thin pipe, that you play by holding it across your lips, blowing over a hole, and pressing down buttons with your fingers

a tall narrow glass, used especially for drinking champagne


flutter

if a bird or insect flutters, or if it flutters its wings, it flies by moving its wings lightly up and down

一只小鸟拍打着翅膀飞过窗前。

to make small gentle movements in the air

Dead leaves fluttered slowly to the ground.

if your heart or your stomach flutters, you feel very excited or nervous

〔心脏或胃因激动或紧张而〕悸动，颤抖

if your eyelids flutter, they move slightly when you are asleep

她的眼皮动了一下，但眼睛没有睁开。

if a woman flutters her eyelashes at a man, she looks at him and moves her eyes to make herself attractive to him

〔女子〕（朝某人）忽闪眼睫毛〔以吸引男子注意〕


flutter

a feeling of being nervous, confused, or excited

His sudden resignation caused quite a flutter.

他突然辞职，引起了不小的骚动。

a sudden feeling that is not very strong

〔不太强烈的〕一阵 …感觉

to risk a small amount of money on the result of something such as a horse race

〔赛马等时〕下一小笔赌注


fly

[the bird has flown](bold) at → [bird](->bird) sense 8 [as the crow flies](bold) at → [crow](->crow) 1 sense 3 [sparks fly](bold) at → [spark](->spark) 1 sense 6

[Fly](bold)  belongs to a group of verbs where the same noun can be the subject of the verb or its object.

You can say: He flew the plane across the desert.  In this sentence, ‘the plane’ is the object of [fly](bold) .

You can say: The plane flew across the desert.  In this sentence, ‘the plane’ is the subject of [fly](bold) .

[past tense](italic) [flew](bold) /fluː/ [past participle](italic) [flown](bold) /fləʊn/ US /floʊn/

She’s flying back to the States tomorrow.

你去那里是坐火车还是坐飞机？

Maurice is nervous about flying, so he usually travels overland.

莫里斯害怕乘坐飞机，因此他一般走陆路。

The prime minister will be flying to Delhi later today for a three-day visit.

首相将于今天晚些时候乘机飞往德里，展开为期三天的访问。

He was arrested at Heathrow after flying from Brussels airport.

他从布鲁塞尔机场飞抵希思罗机场后被捕。

Lewis stopped off in Jamaica before flying on to Toronto.

刘易斯在牙买加稍作停留，然后继续飞往多伦多。

if a plane, spacecraft etc flies, it moves through the air

〔飞机、航天器等〕飞行，航行

The plane was attacked as it flew over restricted airspace.

飞机在飞越空中禁区时遭到了攻击。

to be at the controls of a plane and direct it as it flies

开（飞机），驾驶（飞机）

She was the first woman to fly Concorde.

她是第一位驾驶协和式飞机的女性。

The pilot was instructed to fly the plane to Montreal airport.

飞行员接到指令将飞机开往蒙特利尔机场。

to take goods or people somewhere by plane

The injured boy was flown by air ambulance to the Royal London Hospital.

受伤男孩由空中救护车送往伦敦皇家医院。

US planes have been flying food and medical supplies into the area.

to use a particular airline or use a particular type of ticket when you travel by plane

乘飞机；坐 …舱位；乘坐 …的飞机

我们乘飞机一般坐经济舱。

Millions of passengers fly British Airways every year.

每年有数百万人乘坐英国航空公司的飞机。

to cross a particular ocean or area of sea in a plane

〔乘坐或驾驶飞机〕飞越〔某一海洋〕

Who was the first person to fly the Atlantic?

谁是飞越大西洋的第一人？

The mother bird will feed her chicks until they are able to fly.

母鸟将喂养小鸟直到它们会飞。

The evening air was clouded with mosquitoes and other flying insects.

夜晚，空中到处是蚊子和其他飞虫。

At that moment, a wasp flew in through the open window.

就在那时，一只黄蜂从敞开的窗口飞了进来。

The robin shook its feathers and flew away.

知更鸟抖了抖羽毛飞走了。

Ellen flew across the room and greeted her uncle with a kiss.

埃伦从房间那头飞奔过来，给了她叔叔一个吻。

The door flew open and a child rushed out.

门忽地打开，一个小孩冲了出来。

to move quickly and suddenly through the air

There was a loud explosion, and suddenly there was glass flying everywhere.

一声巨大的爆炸声响起，顿时玻璃四处飞溅。

William hit Jack on the head and [sent](bold) his glasses [flying](bold).

威廉一拳打在杰克的脑袋上，把他的眼镜打飞了。

The ball bounced off the wall and [went flying](bold) into the garden next door.

球从墙上弹出去，飞进了隔壁人家的院子。

In the park people were walking their dogs or flying their kites.

公园里，人们或在遛狗，或在放风筝。

Harriet ran after him, her hair flying behind her.

哈丽雅特追着他跑，头发在身后飘动。

if a flag flies, or if you fly it, it is fixed to the top of a tall pole so that it can be easily seen

After the invasion, people were forbidden to fly their national flag.

沦陷后，民众被禁止悬挂他们的国旗。

The flags were flying cheerfully in the breeze.

旗帜在微风中轻快地飘扬。

The government ordered that all flags should be flown [at half mast](bold)(=halfway down the pole, in order to express public sadness at someone’s death).

政府下令全国降半旗志哀。

to behave in a way that shows that you are proud of your country, organization etc

〔为自己的国家、组织等〕摇旗呐喊，助威

(also: [the hours/the days etc fly](bold) )

used to say that a period of time seems to pass very quickly

‘Is it midnight already?’ ‘Well, you know what they say – [time flies when you’re having fun](bold)!’

“已经午夜了？”“是啊，正所谓快活不知时日过！”

The following weeks flew by, and soon it was time to leave.

接下来几周过得飞快，一晃又得走了。

to suddenly get extremely angry, extremely worried etc

勃然大怒/突然大发脾气/突然惊慌起来等

Rebecca flew into a rage when she realized no-one had been listening to her.

看到没人在听她说话，丽贝卡勃然大怒。

Calm down – there’s no need to fly off the handle.

冷静一点——没有必要大发雷霆。

to suddenly start shouting angrily at someone

The prisoner let fly with a torrent of abuse.

to suddenly attack someone, especially with bullets or a weapon that is thrown

〔尤用子弹或投掷类武器〕突然攻击，突袭

The soldiers let fly with a hail of machine-gun fire.

士兵们突然用机关枪猛烈扫射。

to be the opposite of what most people think is reasonable, sensible, or normal

违反某事物〔指人们认为合理、正常的事物〕

He likes to fly in the face of convention.

他喜欢和传统习俗对着干。

By the time the police arrived, the men had flown.

警察赶到时，那些人已经逃走了。

The architectural firm has been flying high recently.

那家建筑公司近来生意蒸蒸日上。

if a young bird flies the nest, it has grown old enough to look after itself and is no longer dependent on its parents

if a young person flies the nest, he or she moves out of their parents’ home in order to live independently

Now that the kids have flown the nest, I’m thinking about taking a job abroad.

既然孩子们都已经离家自立，我在考虑去国外工作。

a plan that will fly will be successful and useful

News is that the plan for the new hotel isn’t [going to fly](bold).

有消息说新酒店开不成了。

to tell people about an idea, plan etc in order to get their opinion

In my latest book, I wanted to fly the kite for an unfashionable theory.

在最新出的这本书中，我想试探一下人们对一个不合潮流的理论有何看法。

used to tell someone to go away, stop saying something, or stop annoying you

when a lot of people are talking about something, saying someone has done something wrong etc

Rumours were flying as to how the fire started.

关于火灾的起因谣言四起。

All my children have flown the coop now.

我的孩子现在都已经搬出去住了。

to have to deal with a situation by guessing what to do, because you know very little about it

〔因对某事几乎一无所知而〕凭感觉处置

Sometimes you’ll get back and find that things have changed, so you’ll be flying by the seat of your pants for a while.

有时候你回过头来发现情况又变了，就只好暂且见机行事了。


fly

苍蝇嗡嗡地在我们周围飞来飞去。

(also: [flies](bold) <[plural](bold)> ([BrE](bold)) )

the part at the front of a pair of trousers which you can open

〔裤子的〕门襟，前裆开口

used to say that someone is very gentle and is not likely to hurt anyone

某人连一只苍蝇也不会伤害〔指某人心地善良〕

used to say that a lot of people are dying or becoming ill

许多人相继死亡/纷纷病倒

the only thing that spoils something and prevents it from being successful

to be able to watch what happens without other people knowing that you are there

做墙壁上的一只苍蝇，做不被察觉的观察者

I wish I’d been a fly on the wall during that conversation.

我真希望自己能神不知鬼不觉地偷听到那次谈话。

used to say that someone is not stupid and cannot be tricked

某人很机灵，某人不会上当受骗

while a computer program is actually running

〔计算机程序〕在运行过程中

程序运行过程中会进行编码转换。

while dealing with a situation, rather than before dealing with it

在处理过程中，在进行过程中

So far, policy is being made on the fly.

到目前为止，政策都是在进行过程中制定的。

a hook that is made to look like a fly and is used for catching fish


fly

[past tense and past participle](italic) [flied](bold) [present participle](italic) [flying](bold) [third person singular](italic) [flies](bold)

to hit a ball in baseball high into the air

〔棒球中〕击出腾空球[高飞球]


fly

Wear something really fly for your Friday date.

礼拜五的约会要穿得漂漂亮亮地去。

机灵的，聪明的，不易上当受骗的


foam

a type of soft rubber with a lot of air in it, used in furniture

a mass of very small bubbles on the surface of a liquid

a substance which is like a very thick soft liquid with a lot of bubbles in it

Firefighters using water and foam are still tackling the blaze.

消防员还在利用水和灭火泡沫和大火搏斗。


foam

The green water splashed and foamed over the rocks.

碧绿的水花四溅，岩石上满是泡沫。

to have bubbles coming out of your mouth because you are very ill


focus

[past tense and past participle](italic) [focused](bold) or [past tense and past participle](italic) [focussed](bold) [present participle](italic) [focusing](bold) or [present participle](italic) [focussing](bold)

to give special attention to one particular person or thing, or to make people do this

他需要更加关注自己的事业。

[focus your attention/mind/efforts on sth](bold)

She tried to focus her mind on her work.

[focus (sb’s) mind/attention (on sth)](bold)(=make people give their attention to something)

We need to focus public attention on this issue.

我们需要把公众的注意力集中到这个问题上来。

You say: We focused on two main issues.
Don’t say: [We focused in two main issues.](strike)

to point a camera or telescope at something, and change the controls slightly so that you can see that thing clearly

She turned the camera and focussed on Martin’s face.

她转过镜头，对准马丁的脸。

He focused his binoculars on the building opposite.

他把双筒望远镜对准对面的建筑物。

if your eyes focus, or if you focus your eyes, you look at something and can see it clearly

if you focus beams of light, you aim them onto a particular place


focus

The main focus of our attention will be on providing an efficient service.

The film’s central focus is the relationship between the two women.

The economic situation is likely to be the primary focus of the discussion.

When you give a talk you become the focus of attention.

The church provided a focus for the community.

He changed the focus from general to specific issues.

Opposition MPs accused the prime minister of trying to shift the focus onto other issues.

The focus of the negotiations shifted to working conditions.

The focus is now on improving students’ communication skills.

In this section of the talk the focus of attention will be on statistics.

Animal behaviour has long been a focus of interest for scientists.

(=the thing which people are discussing)

The strike became the focus of debate in the media.

(=the thing which people are worried about)

The spread of the disease has become the main focus of concern.

Over the years, there has been a change of focus from treatment to prevention.

the thing, person, situation etc that people pay special attention to

The [focus](bold) of recent research has [been on](bold) environmental issues.

近期的研究重点是环境问题。

The war in Afghanistan had become [the focus of](bold) media [attention](bold).

在阿富汗发生的战争已成为媒体关注的焦点。

[The focus of interest](bold) in the series is what goes on in everyday life.

这部连续剧关注的焦点是日常的生活琐事。

Another [focus of](bold) feminist [debate](bold) has been the film industry.

女权主义辩论的另一个焦点是电影业。

I shall now turn to the [main focus of](bold) this essay.

现在我来讲讲这篇文章的要点。

Eggs [became the focus for](bold) the food poisoning scare.

鸡蛋成了食物中毒恐慌的焦点。

[The focus](bold) of the conference [shifted from](bold) population growth to the education of women.

会议的重点由人口增长问题转移到了妇女教育问题。

if your focus is on something, that is the thing you are giving most attention to

〔注意力的〕集中点，中心点

Our main focus is on helping people get back into work.

我们关注的重点是帮助人们再就业。

if something comes into focus, or you bring it into focus, people start to talk about it and pay attention to it

成为焦点/使某事成为焦点

These issues have recently come into [sharp focus](bold)(=people have started to talk about them a lot).

这些问题近来已成了热门的焦点。

if a photograph or an instrument such as a camera is in focus, you can see the picture clearly. If it is out of focus, you cannot see the picture clearly.

〔照片、相机等〕焦点对准的/没有对准的，对焦的/失焦的

the clearness of the picture seen through an instrument such as a camera

〔相机等成像的〕清晰度，焦点

He raised his binoculars and adjusted the focus.

他举起双筒望远镜，调整焦距。


focussed

([BrE](special)) AmE focused  [adj](bold)

paying careful attention to what you are doing, in a way that shows you are determined to succeed

集中注意力的，聚精会神的

I’ve got to stay focussed if I want to win this competition.

要想赢得这场比赛，我必须全神贯注。


fog

(=great in amount and difficult to see through)

Flights were cancelled due to freezing fog.

She could not see through the swirling fog.

The streets of London were shrouded in fog.

(=it arrives from the mountains, the sea etc)

As we approached the coast, we ran into a dense bank of fog.

(=fog that forms in some places but not in others)

Patches of fog are expected later today.

cloudy air near the ground which is difficult to see through

It will be a cold night, and there may be [fog patches](bold).

今夜天气寒冷，部分地区可能有雾。

A [blanket of fog](bold) covered the fields.

The [fog lifted](bold)(=disappeared) in the afternoon.

a state in which you feel confused and cannot think clearly


fog

[past tense and past participle](italic) [fogged](bold) [present participle](italic) [fogging](bold)

if something made of glass fogs or becomes fogged, it becomes covered in small drops of water that make it difficult to see through


foggy

ˈfɑːɡi, ˈfɒːɡi

None of us had the foggiest idea about how to put the tent up.

我们都对搭帐篷一窍不通。

if your mind is foggy, you cannot think or remember things clearly


foil

metal sheets that are as thin as paper, used for wrapping food

Cover the chicken with silver foil and bake.

用银箔把鸡肉包起来烘烤。

paper that is covered with very thin sheets of metal

to emphasize the good qualities of another person or thing, by being very different from them

衬托出某人/某物，作为某人/某物的陪衬

The simple stone floor is the [perfect foil](bold) for the brightly coloured furnishings.

朴素的石材地板完美地衬托出色彩鲜艳的家具。


foil

to prevent something bad that someone is planning to do

A massive arms-smuggling plan has been foiled by the CIA.

一项大规模的军火走私计划已被中央情报局挫败。

[Foil](bold)  is often used in the passive.


fold

to bend a piece of paper, cloth etc by laying or pressing one part over another

It’ll fit in if you [fold](bold) it [in half](bold).

Spoon the filling onto the dough, fold it over, and press down the edges.

用调羹把馅料舀在面团上，对折后把边捏紧。

to fold something several times so that it makes a small neat shape

I wish you kids would fold up your clothes!

我希望你们这些孩子能把衣服叠好！

if something such as a piece of furniture folds, or you fold it, you make it smaller or move it to a different position by bending it

a useful little bed that folds away when you don’t need it

不需要时可折起来的一张有用的小床

to bend your arms so that they rest together against your body

George stood silently with his arms folded.

乔治交叉着双臂一言不发地站着。

if an organization folds, it closes because it does not have enough money to continue

to cover something, especially by wrapping it in material or putting your hand over it

a silver dagger folded in a piece of white cloth

to hold someone closely by putting your arms around them


fold

a line made in paper or material when you fold one part of it over another

〔纸张或材料上的〕褶，折痕，裥

Bend back the card and cut along the fold.

打开折好的卡纸，然后沿折痕剪开。

the folds in material, skin etc are the loose parts that hang over other parts of it

〔材料、皮肤等的〕褶子，褶皱，折叠处

Her dress [hung in](bold) soft [folds](bold).

她的连衣裙垂下来，上面打着松松的褶子。

the group of people that you belong to and share the same beliefs and ideas as

同一群体的人，志同道合的人

[return to/come back into the fold](bold)

The Church will welcome him back into the fold.

教会将欢迎他重返会众之中。

a former advocate of free market economics who had strayed from the fold

曾经倡导自由市场经济、后来已经脱离这一学派的人

a small area of a field surrounded by a wall or fence where sheep are kept for safety

a bend in layers of rock, caused by underground movements in the earth


folder

a container for keeping loose papers in, made of folded card or plastic

a group of related documents that you store together on a computer

〔计算机里储存相关文件的〕文件夹


folk

I’m sure there are some folk who would rather they weren’t here.

我敢肯定有些人宁愿自己不在这里。

感谢全国广播公司的工作人员。

Wait till the folks back home hear about this!

等到家乡的人听说这事吧！

[young/old folk](bold) BrE [old-fashioned](special)

Young folk these days don’t know the meaning of work.

如今的年轻人不懂得工作的意义。

我打电话给家里人可以吗？

used when talking to a group of people in a friendly way

(also: country etc folks ([AmE](bold)) )

people who live in a particular area or do a particular kind of work


folk

folk art, stories, customs etc are traditional and typical of the ordinary people who live in a particular area

science etc that is based on the ideas or beliefs that ordinary people have, and does not involve a high level of technical knowledge

民间科学/心理学/智慧等

a traditional type of medical treatment that uses plants or simple treatments rather than scientific methods


follow

follow around
follow on
follow through
follow up

to walk, drive etc behind or after someone, for example in order to see where they are going

The man had followed her home to find out where she lived.

to quickly run or drive after someone or something in order to catch them when they are trying to escape

Police chased the car along the motorway at speeds of up to 90 mph.

to quickly follow someone or something in order to stop them or talk to them

I ran after him to say sorry, but he’d already got on the bus.

to secretly follow an animal in order to kill it, or to secretly follow a person in order to attack them

He had a long history of stalking women in his neighbourhood.

to chase someone in a very determined way

The ship was being pursued by enemy submarines.

to chase someone or something who is trying to escape from you

One of the officers gave chase and arrested the man.

The calf ran away and the lion gave chase.

to secretly follow someone in order to watch what they do and where they go

Apparently, the police had been tailing the terrorists for months.

to follow and find a person or animal by looking at the marks they leave on the ground

The bushmen were tracking antelope in the Kalahari desert.

to go, walk, drive etc behind or after someone else

The patrol car followed the BMW for a few miles and then lost it.

巡逻车跟了那辆宝马几英里，后来就跟丢了。

Tom’s already gone out to Rome and his wife and children will follow shortly.

汤姆已经去罗马了，他的妻儿很快就会跟着去。

Peggy followed her out onto the landing.

佩姬跟着她出来走到楼梯平台上。

to happen or do something after something else

紧随其后；在 …后发生[做]

The agreement followed months of negotiation.

经过数月的谈判，协议达成了。

The assassination of Martin Luther King in 1968 was followed by that of Robert Kennedy.

1968年马丁•路德•金遭暗杀，之后罗伯特•肯尼迪也被暗杀。

After weeks of intense fighting, there followed a brief period of calm.

几个星期的激战之后，接下来是短暂的平静。

Most EU countries have signed the agreement and the US is expected to [follow shortly](bold)(=soon).

大多数欧盟国家已签署这份协议，预计美国也会紧随其后。

to come directly after something else in a series, list, or order

紧随而来；位于 …之后，在 …之后

The chapters that follow deal mainly with mathematics.

In English, the letter Q is always followed by U.

英语中，字母Q之后总跟着字母U。

We had vegetable casserole with a fruit salad to follow (=as part of a meal).

我们吃了蔬菜砂锅，然后是水果沙拉。

There followed several pages of incomprehensible statistics.

接下来是数页难懂的统计资料。

used to introduce a list of things that you will mention next

The winners are as follows: in third place, Mandy Johnson; in second place ...

to do something in the way that someone has told or advised you to do it

He [followed](bold) the doctor’s [advice](bold) and had no further trouble.

[Follow](bold) the [instructions](bold) very carefully when filling in the form.

They followed the plan that Elizabeth had worked out.

to go somewhere by a particular way according to road signs or to what someone has told you

I followed Brown’s directions and found the farm quite easily.

Some state schools [follow the example](bold) of private schools in asking parents to donate money.

Environmentalists are urging the government to [follow the lead](bold) of Scandinavian countries in this matter.

She’s just like any young woman who enjoys following the latest fashions (=wearing fashionable clothes).

follow sb into sth (=do the same job as someone else)

He does not want to follow his father into a scientific career.

to believe in and obey a particular set of religious or political ideas

to continue along a particular road, river etc

I followed the main road up the mountain.

Tom followed the track that leads to the old Roman road.

to go in the same direction as something else, or to go parallel to something else

to understand something such as an explanation or story

→see THESAURUS at [understand](->understand)

I didn’t quite follow what he was saying.

[easy/difficult/hard etc to follow](bold)

The plot is a little difficult to follow.

to be true as a result of something else that is true

The conclusion that follows from these findings is that inner city schools need more investment, not less.

[It](bold) doesn’t necessarily [follow that](bold) you’re going to do well academically even if you’re highly intelligent.

to be interested in something and in the way it develops

Have you been following that crime series on TV?

I’ve been following his progress very closely.

She just doesn’t understand people who follow football or any other kind of sport.

to continue to happen or develop in a particular way, especially in a way that is expected

In Australia, the weather follows a fairly predictable pattern.

Budget companies have been so successful that other airlines have had to follow suit and lower their fares.

to do the same job or to work or live in the same way as someone else before you, especially someone in your family

He is a doctor and expects his son to follow in his footsteps.

to show or describe someone’s life or a series of events, for example in a film or book

The book follows the plight of an orphaned Irish girl who marries into New York society.

to be so good or successful at something that it will be difficult for the next person, team etc to be as good

We’re looking for a replacement for Sue, but she’s going to be a hard act to follow.

She [followed](bold) Simon [with](bold) her [eyes](bold) as he walked to the gate.

to study or think about a particular idea or subject and try to learn something from it

It turned out we were both following the same line of research.

If you follow that idea to its logical conclusion, we’d have to ban free speech altogether.

follow your instincts/feelings/gut reaction etc

to do the thing that you immediately feel is best without needing to stop and think about it

to do the same thing that most other people are doing, without really thinking about it for yourself – used to show disapproval

to go straight forward or continue in the same direction

Just follow your nose until you come to a small bridge.

to go to the place from where there is a particular smell coming

I followed my nose to the kitchen, where Marcie was making coffee.

to do something in the way that you feel is right

After a few years in the detective game, you learn to follow your nose.

follow a profession/trade/way of life etc

to do a particular job or have a particular way of life

to look at the messages sent by a particular person using the social networking service Twitter


follower

someone who believes in a particular system of ideas, or who supports a leader who teaches these ideas

Marx and his followers were convinced that capitalism would destroy itself.

马克思及其支持者确信资本主义将自我毁灭。

followers of Sun Myung Moon, better known as Moonies

someone who looks at the messages sent by a particular person using the social networking service Twitter

He currently has over 5000 followers on Twitter.


following

the following afternoon/month/page/chapter etc

第二天下午/下个月/下一页/下一章等

He was sick in the evening, but the following day he was better.

那天晚上他生病了，但第二天就好一些了。

the example, way etc that will be mentioned next

Payment may be made in any of the following ways: cheque, cash, or credit card.

可用以下任意一种方式付款: 支票、现金或信用卡。

a wind that is blowing in the same direction as a ship, and helps it to move faster


following

a group of people who support or admire someone

一批追随者[支持者，崇拜者]

这支乐队在欧洲有一大批乐迷。

the people or things that you are going to mention

The following have been selected to play in tomorrow’s game: Louise Carus, Fiona Douglas ...


following

Following the president’s speech, there will be a few minutes for questions.

总统的演讲之后将有几分钟提问时间。

Thousands of refugees left the country following the outbreak of civil war.

内战爆发后，成千上万的难民逃离该国。


follow-up

something that is done to make sure that earlier actions have been successful or effective

preventative treatment and follow-up several weeks later

预防性治疗以及数星期后的后续措施

a book, film, article etc that comes after another one that has the same subject or characters

〔书、电影等的〕续集；〔文章等的〕续篇

Spielberg says he’s planning to do a follow-up next year.

斯皮尔伯格说他打算明年拍一部续集。


follow-up

done in order to find out more or do more about something

a follow-up study on children and poverty

对儿童与贫困问题的后续研究


fond

[fondness](bold) n. <U> eg: a [fondness for](bold) expensive clothes

to like someone very much, especially when you have known them for a long time and almost feel love for them

喜欢某人〔尤指相识很久的人〕

Over the years we’ve [grown](bold) very [fond of](bold) each other.

这些年来，我们渐渐喜欢上了对方。

to like something, especially something you have liked for a long time

〔尤指长期〕喜欢做某事，喜爱某事物

I’d [grown fond of](bold) the place and it was difficult to leave.

我已渐渐爱上这个地方，舍不得离开了。

to do something often, especially something that annoys other people

喜欢做某事〔指经常做某事，尤指惹他人生气的事〕

My grandfather was very fond of handing out advice to all my friends.

我祖父喜欢对我的每一位朋友大赠忠告。

a fond look, smile, action etc shows you like someone very much

As we parted we said a [fond farewell](bold).

to remember someone or something with great pleasure

对某事物/某人有愉快的回忆

Marie still had fond memories of their time together.

玛丽依然很怀念他们在一起时的美好时光。

a belief or hope that something will happen, which seems silly because it is very unlikely to happen

They sent him to another school in the fond hope that his behaviour would improve.

他们把他送到另一所学校，天真地希望他的行为会有所改善。


font

a set of letters of a particular size and style, used for printing books, newspapers etc or on a computer screen

a large stone container in a church, that holds the water used for the ceremony of baptism

〔教堂里的〕洗礼盆，圣水盂


food

[Food](bold)  is usually uncountable: There was not enough food for everyone.
Don’t say: [enough foods](strike)

[Food](bold)  is used as a countable noun when talking about particular types of food: The doctor advised her to avoid fatty foods. Butter is a healthy food.

You can buy good fresh food in the market.

a type of food that is cooked in a particular way

a type of food that a restaurant or place is famous for

Fish dishes are a specialty of the region.

Home made pies are one of the hotel’s specialities.

an unusual food which people in a particular place like to eat

The local delicacies include laverbread (boiled seaweed).

I was keen to try out the local delicacies.

the type of food that someone usually eats

You shouldn’t have too much salt in your diet.

In the Andes, the main diet is beans, potatoes, and corn.

food made in a particular way, or by a particular person

the food you can eat in a particular restaurant, country, or area

Trying the local cuisine is all part of the fun of travelling.

food considered as something that is necessary for good health and growth

Many homeless people suffer from poor nutrition.

goodness that you get from food, which helps your body to stay healthy

There's not much nourishment in fast food.

the kind of food that is served in a place – used especially when saying how interesting it is

In China you can feast on bird’s nest soup and other exotic fare.

Dinner was pretty standard farethe usual kind of food.

food such as , which is prepared quickly and which you can take away with you to eat

He ballooned to 300lbs on a diet of fast food.

food that is full of sugar or fat, and is bad for your health

food made from vegetables and animals that have had their genetic structure changed

There has been a lot of research into the safety of GM food.

food that is produced without using harmful chemicals

Shoppers are willing to pay more for organic food.

food that is thought to be good for your health

You can buy the ingredients in any good health food shop.

a type of food that is believed to be good for your health because it contains a lot of a particular type of ,  etc

Superfoods such as blueberries are often promoted as having magic health-giving properties.

The restaurant specializes in vegetarian food.

food that has chemicals in it to make it last a long time

The colourings and flavourings in processed food are chemicals produced in factories.

We had to live on canned food for a week.

food that is kept at a very low temperature to make it last a long time

Some people claim that frozen food is just as healthy as fresh food.

food that is sold in cans, packages etc, so that it can be prepared quickly and easily

I found that I had more time to cook, instead of just heating up convenience food.

The soup was horrible – it tasted like baby food.

The hotel was nice and the food was really good.

Thanks for dinner – the food was delicious.

We try to give the kids good healthy food.

The food was nourishing but not particularly tasty.

(=without anything added or without decoration)

He liked eating simple food, nothing spicy.

The restaurant serves delicious Italian food.

(=unusual because of being from a foreign country)

The shop specializes in selling exotic food like kangaroo and crocodile meat.

Starchy foods include bread, rice, pasta, and potatoes.

The family hadn’t had any food for days.

I have to cook some food for this evening.

(=give food to someone, especially in a restaurant)

She served food and cleared tables all evening.

I’ve never seen anyone enjoy their food so much.

He chewed the food slowly and carefully.

While she was ill, she had trouble swallowing her food.

Aphids have bacteria in their guts that help them digest food.

The food at Jan’s house always tastes good.

Since becoming ill, he has gone off his food.

The government must ensure an adequate food supply.

The food industry has responded to consumer concerns about health.

(=the process of making or growing food to be sold)

Farmers have increased food production to meet demand.

The nutrient content of most food products is displayed on the packaging.

Food prices have increased rapidly in recent months.

He remembered the food shortages of the war years.

(=when people are afraid to eat a particular food)

The meat industry has been badly affected by recent food scares.

Dilute a little food colouring with water.

(=substances added to food in order to improve its taste or appearance)

These chemicals have been approved as food additives.

things that people and animals eat, such as vegetables or meat

The restaurant serves good food at affordable prices.

我喜欢意大利食物，尤其是面食。

He was told to cut down on salty and fatty foods.

他被告知要少吃过咸和油腻的食物。

something that makes you think carefully

The teacher’s advice certainly gave me food for thought.

老师的忠告确实引起了我的深思。


fool

a stupid person or someone who has done something stupid

[What a fool](bold) she had been to think that he would stay.

她竟然那么傻，以为他会留下来。

[Like a fool](bold), I accepted straight away.

我像个傻子，立刻就接受了。

to do something stupid that you feel embarrassed about afterwards and that makes you seem silly

Sorry I made such a fool of myself last night. I must have been drunk.

对不起，昨天晚上我太失态了，我一定是喝醉了。

to deliberately do something to make someone else seem stupid

愚弄某人，使某人显得愚蠢

I suddenly realised that I was being made a fool of.

我突然明白过来，我被人耍了。

used to say that it is very easy to do something or to see that something is true

傻瓜都会做某事，任何人都会做某事〔用于表示某事很简单〕

Any fool could have seen what would happen.

傻瓜都看得出来将会发生什么事。

to be difficult to trick or deceive, because you have a lot of experience and knowledge about something

不会轻易上当，为人精明，不是傻瓜

Katherine was nobody’s fool when it came to money.

凯瑟琳在钱的问题上一点也不傻。

a sweet food made of soft cooked fruit mixed with cream

used to say that you think someone was stupid to do something, and it is their own fault if this causes trouble

这是你自己傻/他自己傻等

‘Jim smashed up my car.’ ‘More fool you for letting him borrow it!’

“吉姆把我的车撞坏了。”“你傻呀，把车借给他开！”

if you say that someone doesn’t suffer fools gladly, they do not have any patience with people who they think are stupid

to feel happy and satisfied, and believe there are no problems, when in fact this is not true

陶醉在幻想之中，做黄粱美梦

to behave in a silly way, especially in order to make people laugh

做傻事，瞎胡闹；装傻，逗人笑

to make someone go somewhere or do something for no good reason

（派某人去做）徒劳无益的事

fools rush in (where angels fear to tread)

used to say that people are stupid if they do something immediately without thinking about it first

傻瓜急不可待（，智者三思后行）

used to say that stupid people spend money quickly without thinking about it

a man whose job was to entertain a king or other powerful people in the past, by doing tricks, singing funny songs etc

〔旧时供国王或其他权势人物娱乐的〕弄臣，小丑


fool

to trick someone into believing something that is not true

你那老一套的借口是骗不了我的。

I was fooled into believing their promises.

我受了骗，相信了他们的承诺。

to try to make yourself believe something that you know is not really true

It’s no good fooling yourself. He’s not coming back.

自己骗自己没有用，他不会回来的。

used to show that you do not believe what someone has told you

你别骗我了，我才不信你呢

‘Look, we’re doing our best to fix it.’ ‘Well, you could have fooled me.’

“看，我们正尽力修呢。”“嘿，你骗不了我的。”

used to say that someone is not serious and is only pretending that something is true

Don’t pay any attention to Henry. He’s just fooling.

别理会亨利，他只是闹着玩的。


fool

[adj](bold) <[only before noun](bold)> ([AmE](special)) [informal](special)

What did you say a fool thing like that for?


foolish

[foolishly](bold) adv. eg: She foolishly agreed to go with them.

a foolish action, remark etc is stupid and shows that someone is not thinking sensibly

〔行为、话语等〕愚蠢的，傻的

I’ve never heard anything so foolish in all my life.

我这辈子从没听到过这么愚蠢的话。

[It](bold) would [be foolish to](bold) ignore his advice.

In everyday English, people usually say [silly](bold)  or [stupid](bold)  rather than [foolish](bold) :

I felt a bit [stupid](bold) when she said no.

a foolish person behaves in a silly way or looks silly


foolproof

a foolproof method, plan, system etc is certain to be successful

〔方法、计划、系统等〕肯定成功的，万无一失的

a foolproof way of preventing credit card fraud

一个防止信用卡诈骗的万全之策


foot

[the boot is on the other foot](bold) at → [boot](->boot) 1 sense 6 [get/have cold feet](bold) at → [cold](->cold) 1 sense 6 → [underfoot](->underfoot) [drag your feet/heels](bold) at → [drag](->drag) 1 sense 8 [find your feet](bold) at → [find](->find) 1 sense 18 [from head to foot](bold) at → [head](->head) 1 sense 1 [stand on your own (two) feet](bold) at → [stand](->stand) 1 sense 31 [sweep sb off their feet](bold) at → [sweep](->sweep) 1 sense 14 [have itchy feet](bold) at → [itchy](->itchy) sense 3 [not let the grass grow under your feet](bold) at → [grass](->grass) 1 sense 6 [vote with your feet](bold) at → [vote](->vote) 1 sense 8

The tiger has five claws in each of its front feet.

The marble floor felt cold under his bare feet.

(=having a medical condition in which someone’s feet rest flat on the ground, with no curved part)

He put down his rucksack and stretched out his booted feet.

Simon injured his foot while playing rugby.

She complained that her foot was hurting.

He raised his foot off the floor and rested it on a chair.

I was dragging my feet because I didn’t want to get there.

(=wipe your shoes on a mat to remove dirt)

Be sure to wipe your feet before coming into the house.

He stamped his feet in an attempt to keep warm.

She was tapping her feet in time with the music.

(=make small movements with them, because you are nervous or impatient)

Ken shuffled his feet and looked down at the floor.

He suffered a foot injury during the match against Sporting Lisbon.

(=the base of your foot, that you walk on)

The soles of her feet were aching from the long walk.

(=the rounded part of your foot at the base of the toes)

He has a blister on the ball of his foot.

He kicked his opponent with the heel of his foot.

The dog was sitting at his master’s feet.

She stood 5ft 6 inches tall in her stockinged feet.

the part of your body that you stand on and walk on

I had blisters on [the soles of my feet](bold).

I dropped a glass earlier, so don’t walk around [in bare feet](bold).

我刚才打破了一个玻璃杯，所以不要光着脚到处走。

The vet examined the horse’s [hind feet](bold).

Don’t [wipe your feet](bold) on the carpet!

She stood on the platform, her suitcase [at her feet](bold).

她站在月台上，手提箱放在脚边。

a unit for measuring length, equal to 12inches or about 30 centimetres

He’s six [feet tall](bold), with blonde hair.

他身高六英尺，一头金发。

Mark was standing just a few feet away from me.

马克就站在离我几英尺远的地方。

I’d say she’s about [five foot three](bold)(=five feet and three inches).

我猜她大约五英尺三英寸高。

15,000平方英尺的办公空间

[the foot of the stairs/ladder etc](bold)

[the foot of a mountain/cliff etc](bold)

a large wooden trunk at the foot of his bed

The date is shown [at the foot of the page](bold).

if you go somewhere on foot, you walk there

It takes about 30 minutes on foot, or 10 minutes by car.

步行去大约需要30分钟，如果坐车去，则需要10分钟。

直起身来/跳起来/站起身来等

to be standing for a long time without having time to sit down

The worst thing about working in the shop is that you’re on your feet all day.

在商店里工作最不好的就是要整天站着。

[dead on your feet](bold) at → [dead](->dead) 1 sense 8

As soon as the bell rang the class were on their feet and out of the door.

铃声一响，全班学生就立即起身跑到门外去了。

to feel better again after being ill and in bed

我们很快就会让你恢复健康。

to have enough money again, or to be successful again after having problems

I need to get back on my feet again and forget all this.

我得重新振作起来，忘掉这一切。

sitting or lying down, rather than standing or walking

The doctor told me to stay off my feet for a few days.

They were blown off their feet by the force of the explosion.

他们被爆炸的冲力掀倒在地。

Before Christmas, most salespeople are rushed off their feet.

圣诞节前，大多数销售人员忙得脚不沾地。

She swore she would never set foot in his house again.

她发誓再也不会踏进他的住处一步。

to annoy you by always being in the same place as you and preventing you from doing what you want

I hate summer vacation. The kids are under my feet all day long.

我不喜欢暑假，孩子们整天缠着我。

to say very firmly that someone must do something or must stop doing something

果断行事，坚持立场；坚决阻止

You’ll just have to put your foot down and tell him he can’t stay out on school nights.

你一定要态度坚决，告诉他如果第二天要上学，晚上就不能在外面逗留。

to relax, especially by sitting with your feet supported on something

(AmE [put your foot in your mouth](bold) ([especially ](bold)) )

to say something without thinking carefully, so that you embarrass or upset someone

I’ve really put my foot in it this time. I didn’t realize that was her husband!

我这次真是讲错话了，我没想到那人是她的丈夫！

Simon and I got off on the wrong foot but we’re good friends now.

我和西蒙一开始相处不来，但是现在成了好朋友。

to do everything right and make no mistakes, especially in your job

〔尤指工作中〕不犯错，不出错

to think in a sensible and practical way and not have ideas or aims that will be impossible to achieve

It was a great result, but we have to keep our feet firmly on the ground.

这个结果很好，但我们还是得脚踏实地。

to get into a good situation because you are lucky, especially after being in a difficult situation

Don’t worry about Nina, she always falls on her feet.

别为尼娜担心，她每次都能逢凶化吉。

to get your first opportunity to work in a particular organization or industry

获得机会加入，得以首次涉足

to be involved with or connected with two opposing groups of people

used to say that people admire or respect someone very much

拜倒在脚下的，仰慕的，尊敬的

整个巴黎都拜倒在他脚下。

[have the world at your feet](bold) at → [world](->world) 1 sense 24

to be very old or very ill – used humorously

〔老得或病得〕一只脚已踏进坟墓，离死不远〔幽默用法〕

used to show that you do not believe something that someone has just said

不可能 …！〔表示不相信对方的话〕

怎么可能50英镑！这至少得200英镑。

to die before you leave a place or job – used humorously

还没离开[离职]就没命了〔幽默用法〕

If you keep fooling around with that gun you’ll be leaving this camp feet first.

如果你还要瞎摆弄那支枪，就得横着离开这个营地了。

someone that you admire who has feet of clay has faults and weaknesses that you did not realize they had

〔偶像的〕不为人知的弱点，内在缺点

a soldier or group of soldiers that walks and does not use a horse or a vehicle

a passenger on a ship who has not brought a car with them

〔渡轮上的〕步行旅客，无车旅客

using your left foot or right foot when you kick a ball

〔踢球时〕用左脚的/用右脚的

having a particular type or number of feet

a machine or control that you operate using your feet

the part of a sock that covers your foot

a part of a line of poetry in which there is one strong beat and one or two weaker ones


foot

to pay for something, especially something expensive that you do not want to pay for

付账〔尤指不情愿地为昂贵的东西付钱〕

He ordered drinks and then left me to foot the bill!

他要了酒水，然后让我来付账！


footage

〔展示某一事件的〕影片，影片片段

第一次世界大战时期的旧影像


football

→ [flag football](->flag football) [political football](bold) at → [political](->political) sense 4

Tottenham Hotspur is a North London football club.

Like many little boys, his ambition was to be a football player.

Football managers shouldn't complain about referees' decisions.

(=someone who supports a particular football team)

55 football supporters were arrested after the game.

(=an area of grass where football is played)

An area of wasteland had been turned into a football pitch.

Hundreds of fans were making their way towards the football ground.

(=a group of football teams who play against each other)

The Premier League is one of the most popular football leagues in the world.

He got some new football boots for his birthday.

They were all wearing England football shirts.

He washes the whole team's football kit.

(=clothes worn by a particular football team)

The team wear a different football strip for their Champions League matches.

(=the person who makes sure that the rules of football are followed)

He is a qualified football referee for the Dorset County Football Association.

We got caught up in a noisy football crowd.

The government is considering measures to combat football violence.

The boys are playing football in the garden.

He likes to spend Saturday afternoon watching football.

Bob follows football and goes to as many matches as he can.

It was his dream to play professional football one day.

(=played by teams representing their country)

He will retire from international football after the World Cup.

(=played between teams from the same country)

Saturday's defeat was the team's first in domestic football for seven matches.

It was an exciting match in the best traditions of cup football.

He was still playing league football at the age of 41.

His son played in a five-a-side football tournament.

a game played by two teams of eleven players who try to kick a round ball into the other team’s goal

Which [football team](bold) do you support?

kids [playing football](bold) in the street

My Dad took me to watch my first [football match](bold).

爸爸带我去看了我人生第一场足球比赛。

[football boots/kit/shirt](bold)(=clothes worn to play football)

a game played by two teams of eleven players who try to carry or kick an oval ball into the other team’s goal

He [played football](bold) in high school.

他在高中时打美式橄榄球。

someone who behaves in a noisy or violent way at a football match


footballer

someone who plays football, especially a professional player

〔尤指职业的〕足球运动员


footnote

a note at the bottom of the page in a book, which gives more information about something

a piece of additional information that is not very important but is interesting or helps you understand something

There was an interesting footnote to the story.

那则故事有个有趣的补充说明。


footpath

[n](bold) <[C](bold)> ([especially BrE](special))

a narrow path for people to walk along, especially in the country

〔尤指乡间的〕人行小径，人行道


footstep

[follow (in) sb’s footsteps](bold) at → [follow](->follow) sense 15

the sound each step makes when someone is walking

He [heard](bold) someone’s [footsteps](bold) in the hall.


for

used to say who is intended to get or use something, or where something is intended to be used

给，对〔表示对象或用途〕

为外国学生开的一门英语课程

我们的收音机需要一节新电池。

The doctor knew that there was nothing he could do for her.

医生知道自己无能为力，帮不了她。

查尔斯在战斗中为国捐躯。

What can I do for you (=used to ask a customer if you can help them)?

used to say what the purpose of an object, action etc is

I’ve bought him a watch for his birthday.

我给他买了块手表作为生日礼物。

You say that something is [for doing](bold)  a particular thing: This is for pulling up weeds.
Don’t say: [This is for to pull up weeds.](strike)

You say that someone does something [in order to do](bold)  a particular thing: They borrowed money in order to build up the business.
Don’t say: [They needed money for to build up the business.](strike)

You say that someone does something [to do](bold)  a particular thing: She went downtown to do some shopping.
Don’t say: [She went downtown for to do some shopping.](strike)

in order to have, do, get, or obtain something

为了要；为了做；为了得到

the qualifications necessary for a career in broadcasting

从事广播业必须具备的资格

Mother was too ill to get up for dinner.

母亲病得无法起床吃晚饭。

For further details, write to this address.

欲知详情，请致函此地址。

used to say how long an action or situation continues for

达，计〔表示动作或情况持续的时间〕

We had been talking for a good half hour.

Factories stretch for quite a way along the canal.

工厂沿运河延伸了很长一段距离。

if something is arranged for a particular time, it is planned that it should happen then

有一个会议安排在5月18日。

used to say where a person, vehicle etc is going

A few days later she would be leaving for New York.

used to say what the price or value of something is

达，计〔表示价格或价值〕

The diamond was insured for two thousand dollars.

这颗钻石上了2,000美元的保险。

If, for any reason, you cannot attend, please inform us.

如因故不能出席，请通知我们。

由于雾气，我们几乎什么也看不见。

Campbell was arrested for dangerous driving.

坎贝尔因危险驾车而遭捕。

used to say which thing or person your statement or question is related to

对于〔表示陈述或问题的对象〕

I’m sure she’s the ideal person for the job.

我确信她是这个职位的理想人选。

The questions on this paper are too difficult for 10-year-olds.

这张试卷上的题目对于10岁的孩子来说太难了。

used to say which person or thing your feelings are directed towards

对于〔表示情感表露的对象〕

I came away feeling sorry for poor old George.

我走的时候，心里为可怜的老乔治感到难过。

used to say at which meal you eat something

used to say which company, team etc you belong to

I’ve worked for the BBC ever since I left university.

我大学毕业后一直在英国广播公司工作。

supporting or in agreement with something or someone

We have studied the arguments for and against nuclear energy.

我们研究了支持和反对核能的论点。

有多少人投票支持这项提议？

[be all for (doing) sth](bold)(=support something very much)

〔词语或标志〕表示，意思是

used to say that a particular quality of someone or something is surprising when you consider what they are

就 …而言〔表示某种特点令人惊讶〕

就她的年龄而言，她看上去算是年轻的。

就7月份来说，这天气算是冷的。

Paisley claims to speak for the majority of local people.

佩斯利声称自己是当地大部分民众的喉舌。

used to say what is possible, difficult, necessary, unusual etc

对〔某人〕来说〔可能、困难、必须、不寻常等〕

It’s unusual for Donald to be so bad-tempered.

唐纳德这么暴躁很不寻常。

There is an urgent need for someone to tackle this problem.

急需有人来解决这个问题。

Here is a chance for everyone to learn new skills.

这是一个机会，每个人都能学到新的技能。

There’s nothing worse than for a parent to ill-treat a child.

没有什么比父母虐待小孩更恶劣了。

It was too far for her to walk in high-heeled shoes.

对穿着高跟鞋的她来说，这段路太长了。

used to say that there is a relationship between one amount and another

For each mistake, you’ll lose half a point.

你每错一处，就要扣去半分。

For every three people who agree, you’ll find five who don’t.

每三个人同意，就有五个人不同意。

used to say that something is not the kind of thing that someone likes or will enjoy

这本书不是所有人都会喜欢的。

used to say whether it is someone’s right or duty to do something

（不）应该由某人来做某事

不应该由我来告诉你怎么办。

It will be for you to decide what action you should take.

你应该采取什么行动由你自己来决定。

(also: [if it hadn’t been for sb/sth](bold) )

used to say who or what prevents or prevented something from happening

If it hadn’t been for you, I should have drowned.

要不是你的话，我就淹死了。

used to say that a particular kind of behaviour or situation is typical of someone or something, especially when you do not expect anything better from that person or thing

那正是某人/某物的特点！〔尤用于表示某人或某物不可能有多好〕

I know it’s outrageous, but that’s Melissa for you.

我知道这很离谱，但梅利莎就是这么个人。

used when you are annoyed or disappointed to say that something is the opposite of the quality you are mentioning

那还能算是 …？那恰好跟 …相反！

Well, there’s gratitude for you! Here am I trying to help and you tell me not to interfere!

嘿，哪有这样表示感谢的！我来帮忙，你却叫我别插手！

You’ll be in for it if she finds out what you’ve done!

要是她发现你干的事，你就麻烦了！


for

used to introduce the reason for something

I cannot tell whether she is old or young, for I have never seen her.

我不知道她是年老还是年轻，因为我从没见过她。

He found it increasingly difficult to read, for his eyesight was beginning to fail.

他觉得阅读越来越费劲，因为他的视力开始衰退了。


forbid

to tell someone in a very strong way that they must not do something or that something is not allowed

His doctor had strictly forbidden him to drink alcohol.

to say that someone must not do or have something, and stop them doing or having it

The company does not allow smoking inside the building.

Mobile phones are not allowed in school.

to not allow someone to do something. [Not let ](bold) is more informal than [not allow](bold)

My parents won’t let me stay out later than 11 o'clock.

if something is not permitted, a rule or law says that you must not do it. [Not permit ](bold) is more formal than [not allow](bold)

Candidates are not permitted to use dictionaries in this examination.

Parking is not permitted here after 8 am.

to say officially that people must not do or have something

to say officially that an action is illegal and make a law or rule about this

to not allow someone to enter a place or do something, especially by preventing it officially

Foreign journalists were barred from entering the country.

to say officially that people are not allowed to do something

The law proscribes discrimination in the workplace.

[past tense](italic) [forbade](bold) /-ˈbæd, -ˈbeɪd/ [past participle](italic) [forbidden](bold) /-ˈbɪdn/ [present participle](italic) [forbidding](bold)

to tell someone that they are not allowed to do something, or that something is not allowed

He was forbidden to leave the house, as a punishment.

作为惩罚，他被禁止离开家。

Women are forbidden from going out without a veil.

The law strictly forbids racial or sexual discrimination.

法律严禁种族或性别歧视。

In everyday English, people usually say that someone [is not allowed to do](bold)  something rather than [is forbidden to do](bold)  something:

He was [not allowed to](bold) leave the house.

used to emphasize that you hope that something will not happen

‘Supposing I had an accident.’ ‘God forbid!’

“假设我出了意外事故呢。”“但愿不会发生这样的事！”

to make it impossible for someone to do something

Lack of space forbids listing the names of all those who contributed.

由于篇幅限制，无法列出所有捐款人的姓名。


force

→ [labour force](->labour force) → [tour de force](->tour de force) → [workforce](->workforce)

(=a country’s military organizations, including the army, navy, and air force)

Israel refused to withdraw its armed forces from the area.

Several battles took place involving American forces.

Government forces reportedly shot dead 300 unarmed civilians.

(=who protect a country against people who are fighting the government)

The government claimed that the security forces had destroyed the rebels’ headquarters.

(=who are fighting against the government)

The village was attacked by rebel forces.

He served with the military forces during the war.

Should the European Union have its own defence force?

Enemy forces now occupy substantial areas of the city.

A large UN peacekeeping force is being assembled.

(=who are specially trained to fight against guerilla or terrorist groups)

Special forces were employed to support the local army.

He was too young to join the forces when the war broke out.

Expecting the Allies to attack again, he began to withdraw his forces eastward.

→ [air force](->air force) → [armed forces](->armed forces) → [ground forces](->ground forces) [peacekeeping force](bold) at → [peacekeeping](->peacekeeping) [security forces](bold) at → [security](->security) sense 1 → [task force](->task force) sense 2

a group of people who have been trained to do military work for a government or other organization

The riots were suppressed by government forces.

他加强了美军在海湾地区的军力。

a plan to disarm the [rebel forces](bold)(=those fighting against the government)

武装力量；陆海空三军部队；军队

她的两个儿子都在军队里。

nuclear
         weapons or ordinary weapons

military action used as a way of achieving your aims

Peace cannot be imposed [by force](bold).

和平不能通过武力来实现。

The UN will allow [the use of force](bold) against aircraft violating the zone.

联合国将允许对侵犯这一地区的飞机采取军事行动。

violent physical action used to get what you want

〔为得到某结果而使用的〕暴力，武力

The police used force to overpower the demonstrators.

警方动用了武力来制服示威者。

In the end he had to be thrown out of the house by force.

到最后，人们不得不强行把他赶出了房子。

They kicked the door down using sheer [brute force](bold).

他们全凭蛮力将门踹倒了。

the amount of physical power with which something moves or hits another thing

〔物体移动或撞击时的〕力，力量

The force of the explosion blew out all the windows.

爆炸的冲力把所有的窗户都震碎了。

[with great/considerable/increasing etc force](bold)

He raised his hand and struck her with terrifying force.

powerful [natural forces](bold) such as earthquakes, floods, and drought

地震、洪水、干旱等强大的自然力

a group of people who have been trained and organized to do a particular job

〔受过训练、有组织地做某一件事的〕一群人

the quality of the [teaching force](bold)

something or someone who is powerful and has a lot of influence on the way things happen

〔对事情发展〕有影响力的事物[人]

[the driving force (behind sth/sb)](bold)(=the person or thing that makes something happen)

Betty Coward was the driving force behind the project.

贝蒂•科沃德是这个项目的推动者。

[a force for change/peace/democracy etc](bold)(=someone or something that makes change, peace etc more likely to happen)

Healthy competition is a force for innovation.

良性竞争是革新的推动力。

He’s a quick and decisive player – [a force to be reckoned with](bold)(=a person, team, company etc that influences what happens).

他打球敏捷果断，是个不可小觑的人物。

The fall in prices was due to [forces beyond](bold) their [control](bold).

价格下降是由他们无法控制的因素造成的。

the powerful effect that something has on you

Even after 30 years, the play has lost none of its force.

即便在30年之后，这出戏的感染力也丝毫未减。

to work together so that you can deal with a problem, be more powerful etc

（与某人/某组织）联合，合作，同心协力

Local schools have joined forces with each other to share facilities.

当地学校携手合作，共享设施。

if a law, rule etc is in force, it already exists

〔法律、法规等〕已生效的，在实施中

The trade embargo has been in force for a year.

贸易禁令已经实施一年了。

in a large group, especially in order to protest about something

大量，众多〔尤为抗议某事〕

Villagers [turned out in force](bold) to protest about the new road.

众多村民出来反对修筑新公路。

if a new law, rule, change etc comes or is brought into force, it starts to exist

开始生效/使某事物开始实施

Parking restrictions in the town centre came into force last month.

市中心限制停车的法规于上月开始实施。

because you have always done a particular thing and it is difficult to change

I get up at 6 o'clock every day out of force of habit.

出于习惯，我每天6点钟起床。

if something happens by force of circumstance, events outside your control make it happen

a unit for measuring the strength of the wind

extremely strong wind that does a lot of damage

a word meaning the police force, used especially by police officers

警察部队〔尤为警方用语〕

people or things that increase the amount of good or bad in the world


force

force back
force down
force on/upon
force out of

You [force](bold)  someone [to do](bold)  something: The robbers forced him to hand over the money.

[Force](bold)  is often used in the passive: The minister [was forced to ](bold)resign because of the scandal.

You [make ](bold) someone [do ](bold) something: The robbers made him hand over the money.
Don’t say: [make someone to do something](strike)

You [compel ](bold) someone [to do](bold)  something: The court can compel witnesses to give evidence.

[Compel](bold)  is very often used in the passive: He became seriously ill and [was compelled to ](bold)retire two years later.

You say that someone [is obliged to do](bold)  something. [Oblige ](bold) is almost always used in the passive: Hotels [are obliged](bold) by law [to](bold) install smoke alarms.

to make someone do something they do not want to do. Used when people or situations make you do something

They were beaten and forced to confess to crimes they had not committed.

The drought forced millions of farmers to sell their cattle.

to force someone to do something by using pressure, threats, or violence. [Make sb do sth ](bold) is more common than [force sb to do sth](bold) in everyday English

Her parents disapproved of Alex and they made her stop seeing him.

Two men with guns made the staff hand over the money.

to try to force someone to do something by making them feel that they should do it

Some employers pressure their staff into working very long hours.

She felt they were trying to pressurize her into getting married.

to force someone to give you money or do what you want by threatening to tell embarrassing secrets about them

She tried to blackmail him with photographs of them together at the hotel.

to force someone to do something using official power or authority. Also used when someone has to do something because of their situation

The town was surrounded and compelled to surrender.

I felt compelled to offer them some kind of explanation.

You are compelled by law to carry an ID card.

to force someone to do something by threatening them

Local people were coerced into joining the rebel army.

if someone is obliged to do something, they must do it because it is the law or the rule, or because of the situation they are in

You are not obliged to say anything which may harm your defence in court.

Government troops have forced the rebels to surrender.

政府军已迫使叛乱分子投降。

Due to the high cost of borrowing, many companies have been forced to close.

由于借贷成本高，许多公司被迫关门。

I had to force myself to get up this morning.

今天早晨我不得不逼迫自己起床。

women who are forced into arranged marriages

Bad health forced him into taking early retirement.

健康不佳迫使他提前退休。

to make someone or something move in a particular direction or into a different position, especially through or using great strength

Strong winds forced the ship off course.

大风将那艘船吹离了航道。

Firemen tried to enter the building, but were forced back by the flames.

消防队员试图冲进大楼，却被火焰挡了回来。

She tried to keep the door shut but the man [forced](bold) it [open](bold).

她不想打开门，但那男人硬是把它推开了。

(also: [force your way in/out/past etc](bold) )

to push very hard in order to get somewhere

The doctor forced his way through the crowd.

to make something happen or change, especially more quickly than planned or expected

使发生[改变]〔尤指比计划或预计的要快〕

the unfortunate events that forced his resignation

We need to [force the pace](bold) on alternative energy policies.

我们需要加快步伐制定替代能源政策。

[force prices/interest rates etc down/up](bold)

The effect will be to increase unemployment and force down wages.

结果将是失业人数增加，工资被压低。

to open a door etc using physical strength, often causing damage

I forced the lock on the cupboard to see what was inside.

我撬开壁橱的锁，想看看里面有什么。

to do something that makes it necessary for someone to make decisions or take action, instead of waiting to see what happens

强迫立即作出决定；迫使采取行动

Polly decided to force the issue by demanding an explanation.

波莉决定讨个说法，从而逼迫他们采取行动。

to make someone do something unwillingly or earlier than they had intended

迫使某人采取行动；迫使某人提前行动

They’re reluctant to sell the house yet but the right offer could force their hand.

他们目前还不是很愿意出售房子，不过价格合理的话也许能让他们出手。

to make yourself smile, laugh etc even though you feel upset or annoyed


forecast

The weather forecast for the weekend is fine and dry.

(=a forecast about weather conditions at sea)

According to the shipping forecast, strong winds can be expected later today.

The gloomy sales forecast sparked rumours that the company would be making job cuts.

The company has cut its profit forecast by £18m to £570m.

(=one relating to an increase in the value of goods or services produced and sold)

The official growth forecasts for the economy are promising.

The Bank of England revised its economic forecast in the wake of the figures.

A detailed forecast of the industry’s prospects has just been published.

In his speech, the president gave an optimistic forecast for the economy.

Scientists have produced a gloomy forecast on the effects of global warming.

It is too early to make a forecast on what will happen.

Economists gave an upbeat forecast for the world economy.

Analysts usually provide growth forecasts for no more than two years ahead.

The company has revised its sales forecast.

a description of what is likely to happen in the future, based on the information that you have now

The [weather forecast](bold) is good for tomorrow.


forecast

[past tense and past participle](italic) [forecast](bold) or [past tense and past participle](italic) [forecasted](bold)

to make a statement saying what is likely to happen in the future, based on the information that you have now

The Federal Reserve Bank forecasts that the economy will grow by 2% this year.

联邦储备银行预测今年经济将增长2%。


forefront

to be in a leading position in an important activity that is trying to achieve something or develop new ideas

位于（某事物的）最前列，处于（某事物的）领先地位

The company has always been at the forefront of science and technology.

该公司在科学技术方面始终处于领先地位。

Prison conditions have been pushed to the forefront of public debate.

监狱条件问题已被推到公众讨论的风口浪尖。

be in/at/to the forefront of sb’s mind/attention etc

to be what someone is thinking about most, because it is very important to them

是某人首先考虑/注意到等的事情

Fear of unemployment was at the forefront of everyone’s minds.


forehead

the part of your face above your eyes and below your hair


foreign

ˈfɔː-, ˈfɑː-

from or relating to a country that is not your own

the success of foreign companies in various industries

involving or dealing with other countries

对外的，涉外的，外事的，外交的

Foreign competition provides consumers with a greater variety of goods.

来自国外的竞争为消费者提供了更丰富的商品。

our budget for [foreign aid](bold)(=financial help to countries in need)

to seem strange to someone as the result of not being known or understood

The language of finance is quite foreign to me.

to be not typical of someone’s usual character

Aggression is completely [foreign to](bold) his [nature](bold).

争强好胜绝不是他的本性。

a piece of dirt, glass, or other material that has got inside something, especially someone’s body, and that should not be there

cells that are designed to attack and destroy foreign bodies

负责攻击并摧毁异物的细胞


foreigner

ˈfɔːrənər, ˈfɑː-

someone who comes from a different country

Some of the local people are suspicious of foreigners.

有些当地人不信任外国人。

The word [foreigner](bold)  can sound negative and not very friendly. In everyday English, people often say [people from other countries](bold) :

I like meeting [people from other countries](bold).


foreman

a worker who is in charge of a group of other workers, for example in a factory

the leader of a jury, who announces their decision in court