ease

The car handles these mountain roads with great ease.

(=seeming easy, although this may not be the case)

I was amazed by the apparent ease with which she got through the security system.

(=seeming easy, especially considering how difficult something is)

Most modern laptops can store large amounts of data with comparative ease.

(=in a way that shows great skill and so makes something difficult look very easy)

It was a beautiful goal, scored with consummate ease.

if you do something with ease, it is very easy for you to do it

The security codes could be broken [with relative ease](bold).

破译那些安全密码相对容易。

I was impressed by the ease with which the information could be retrieved.

信息能够轻易检索到，这让我印象深刻。

feeling relaxed, especially in a situation in which people might feel a little nervous

She [felt](bold) completely [at ease](bold) with Bernard.

她和伯纳德在一起感到很自在。

[put/set sb at (their) ease](bold)(=make someone feel relaxed)

She had an ability to put people at their ease.

你穿套装看上去总有些不自在。

how easy something is to use etc, or the quality of being easy to use etc

It emphasizes the software’s convenience and ease of use.

它强调了这种软件的方便易用。

The bowl is removable for ease of cleaning.

这个碗状物可取出以方便清洗。

the ability to feel relaxed or behave in a natural relaxed way

He had a natural ease which made him very popular.

他优雅从容的风度使他深受欢迎。

a comfortable life, without problems or worries

used to tell soldiers to stand in a relaxed way with their feet apart


ease

if something unpleasant eases, or if you ease it, it gradually improves or becomes less

He’ll give you something to ease the pain.

This should ease the burden on busy teachers.

这应该能为忙碌的教师减轻负担。

The agreement will [ease the way for](bold) other countries to join the EU.

该协议将为其他国家加入欧盟扫除障碍。

to move yourself or something slowly and carefully into another place or position

他轻手轻脚地坐到椅子上。

Jean eased back on the pillows and relaxed.

放松〔对某物的〕把持，松手

to make someone feel less worried about something

It would ease my mind to know you had arrived safely.

知道你已安全到达我就会放心了。


easily

We found the house [easily enough](bold).

我们轻轻松松就找到了房子。

The castle is easily accessible by road.

It’s easily recognised by its bright blue tail feathers.

它那鲜蓝色的尾羽使人很容易认出它来。

used to say that something is possible or is very likely to happen

The first signs of the disease can easily be overlooked.

这种疾病的早期症状很容易被忽略。

Gambling can [all too easily](bold) become an addiction (=used to say that something bad is very possible).

She is easily the most intelligent person in the class.

他的儿子向他轻松地咧嘴回笑。


east

East  [n](bold) <[singular, U](bold)> written abbreviation: E

the direction from which the sun rises, and which is on the right if you are facing north

He turned and walked away towards the east.

To the east of the pier were miles of sandy beaches.

码头的东面是数英里的沙滩。


east

East  [adj](bold) <[only before noun](bold)> written abbreviation: E

在东方的，东部的；向东的


east

我们沿布鲁克林大街往东行驶。

a small farming community 18 miles east of Paris

巴黎以东18英里处的一个小型农业社区

to or in the countries in Asia, especially China and Japan

去[在]东方〔指亚洲国家，尤指中国和日本〕

The drug is being used all the time out east.


Easter

a Christian holy day in March or April when Christians remember the death of Christ and his return to life

the period of time just before and after Easter Day

复活节我们可能会外出度假。

我们在威尔士度过了复活节假期。


eastern

Eastern  [adj](bold) written abbreviation: E

in or from the east of a country or area

在〔某国家或地区〕东部的；来自东部的

in or from the countries in Asia, especially China and Japan

在东方国家的，来自东方国家的〔尤指中国和日本〕

in or from the countries in the east part of Europe, especially the countries that used to have Communist governments

在东欧国家的，来自东欧国家的〔尤指东欧前共产党执政国家〕


easy

see also → [ease](->ease) 1 → [easily](->easily)

not difficult to do, and not needing much effort

easy and not complicated – used about things such as instructions and explanations, or about machines and systems

The system is relatively simple to operate.

easy to understand or do, and unlikely to cause you any problems

The calculation is fairly straightforward.

easy to use – used especially about computers or written information about how to do something

easy because it does not take a lot of effort

It was an undemanding role for someone of his experience.

a cushy job is easy to do and needs very little effort – often used when you are envious of the person who has it

It’s a pretty cushy job – all she has to do is drive a nice car around.

so easy that you can do it without thinking – used especially when it makes you feel bored

without any difficulties or problems – used especially when you expected something to be much worse

Finding the carhire place at the airport was relatively painless.

Thankfully, there's a wide selection of search tools to make the task relatively painless.

to be easy and with no problems that you have to deal with

Things should be plain sailing from now on.

to be very easy to do, especially compared to doing something else

This test was a piece of cake compared to the last one.

to be surprisingly easy, or much easier than something else which is very difficult or dangerous

Getting people’s credit card details is child’s play when you know how to do it.

Climbing in England is child’s play compared to climbing in the Himalayas.

used when saying that something is very easy to do or understand, and you do not need to be intelligent to do it

Making your PC run faster isn’t exactly rocket science.

[comparative](italic) [easier](bold) [superlative](italic) [easiest](bold)

一定有更容易的方法去做那件事。

It’s a great car, and very easy to drive.

It would have been easy for the team to lose the game.

球队本来会轻易输掉这场比赛。

The software makes it easier to download music.

该软件使下载音乐变得更加容易。

Having you here does [make things](bold) a lot [easier](bold)  for me.

对我来说，有你在这里事情的确好办多了。

[as easy as pie/ABC/falling off a log](bold)(=very easy)

The station is [within easy reach](bold) of (=close to) the town centre.

The park is [within easy](bold) walking [distance](bold)(=close enough to walk to).

公园很近，步行便可到达。

comfortable or relaxed, and without problems

On the whole, Dad has had an [easy life](bold).

总而言之，爸爸过着安逸舒适的生活。

她在家里舒舒服服地过了一天。

You can [have an easy time of it](bold) now that the kids have all left home.

孩子们都离开了家，你日子可以过得轻松了。

Why don’t we [make life easy for ourselves](bold) and finish it tomorrow?

我们干吗不让自己的日子好过点，明天再把它做完不好吗？

We talk more openly when we feel easy and relaxed.

我们感到气氛轻松、不受拘束时，谈话就会更放得开。

I can leave the children with my mother [with an easy mind](bold).

我可以安心地把孩子留给我母亲照看。

She is gentle and [easy to be with](bold).

able to be hunted or attacked without difficulty

The soldiers on the streets are an [easy target](bold) for terrorists.

街上的士兵容易成为恐怖分子袭击的目标。

Tourists are [easy prey](bold) for thieves.

游客易成为小偷下手的对象。

to end a situation in a way that seems easy, but is not the best or most sensible way

采取省事的做法〔但不是最佳或最明智的做法〕以摆脱困境

I just [took the easy way out](bold) and gave him some cash.

我就用了个简单的办法解决，给了他一些现金。

She’s not been having an easy time of it financially.

money that you do not have to work hard to get

We can buy them for $10 and sell them for $25 – easy money.

我们可以把它们以10美元买下，再以25美元卖掉——这钱来得容易。

used when someone has given you some advice that would be difficult for you to follow

used when saying that it is difficult to find a good way of dealing with a problem

used to say that you do not mind what choice is made

我随便，我无所谓〔即无论哪种选择都可以〕

‘What would you like to do now?’ ‘I don’t know, I’m easy.’

“现在你想做什么？” “不知道，我随便。”

to be in a situation in which you have plenty of money

If I get this new job, we’ll be living on easy street.

如果我得到这份新的工作，我们的日子就好过了。

if you buy something on easy terms, you pay for it with several small payments instead of paying the whole amount at once

New settlers in the west could buy land on relatively easy terms.

西部的新移民可以用相对优惠的分期付款方式购买地产。

eggs cooked on a hot surface and turned over quickly before serving

someone, especially a woman, who is easy has a lot of sexual partners


easy

Take things easy for a few days and you should be all right.

used to tell someone to become less upset or angry

〔劝人〕别烦恼，不要生气

Just take it easy and tell us what happened.

别急，告诉我们发生了什么事。

节省使用 …，对 …节制

培根等咸的食物不要吃得太多。

to be more gentle and less strict or angry with someone

Go easy on Peter for a while – he’s having a hard time at school.

这阵子对彼得好一点吧，他眼下在学校里日子不好过。

used to say that something would be very difficult to do

Finding the perfect house was easier said than done.

要找到十全十美的房子谈何容易。

We can rest easy now – we’ve got everything under control.

我们现在不用担心了，一切尽在掌控之中。

used to tell someone to be more careful and slow, especially in moving

〔告诉别人，尤其是搬东西的人〕小心点

to escape severe punishment for something that you have done wrong

The rich could hire good lawyers and get off easy.

有钱人可以聘请好律师，逃脱惩罚。

used when something, especially money, was easily obtained and is quickly used or spent

〔尤指钱财〕来得容易，去得快

an order telling soldiers who are already standing at ease to relax more


eat

eat away
eat away at
eat in
eat into
eat out
eat up

→ [eats](->eats) [have your cake and eat it](bold) at → [cake](->cake) 1 sense 6

to put food in your mouth and chew and swallow it

Experts recommend eating plenty of fruit and vegetables.

‘What do you usually have for breakfast?’ ‘I usually just have coffee and toast.’

to eat a particular kind of food – used when talking about animals

Foxes feed on a wide range of foods including mice, birds, insects, and fruit.

to eat or drink something – used especially in scientific or technical contexts

Babies consume large amounts relative to their body weight.

to eat something with big continuous movements of your mouth, especially when you are enjoying your food

They were sitting on a bench munching their sandwiches.

to eat something by biting off very small pieces

If you want a healthy snack, why not just nibble on a carrot?

to eat only a small amount of your food because you are not hungry or do not like the food

Lisa was so upset that she could only pick at her food.

to eat so much food that you cannot eat anything else

He’s always stuffing himself with cakes.

We gorged ourselves on my mother’s delicious apple tart.

to eat soup,  etc with a noisy sucking sound

In England it’s considered rude to slurp your soup, but in some countries it’s seen as a sign of enjoyment.

to eat something very quickly, especially because you like it very much or you are greedy

The children gobbled it down in no time.

to eat food quickly, especially because you are very hungry or in a hurry

The boy wolfed down everything on his plate and asked for more.

to eat food very quickly, especially because you are in a hurry

He bolted down his breakfast and was out of the door within 5 minutes.

You shouldn’t bolt your food down like that.

to eat all of something quickly because you are very hungry

In a very short time, the snake had devoured the whole animal.

to be eating less or different food than normal in order to become thinner

to not eat for a period of time, often for religious reasons

Muslim people fast during the month of Ramadan.

The people work hard, but they eat well.

If you eat healthily and exercise regularly, you’ll look and feel a lot better.

He hadn’t been eating properly and was drinking far too much.

(=eat a lot quickly, because you are very hungry)

The children ate hungrily, devouring everything on their plate.

Carter joined us for lunch, but ate sparingly, as he always did.

We’ll leave after we’ve had something to eat.

The refugees had very little to eat and no clean water.

I got dressed and went downstairs to find something to eat.

I’m sure you can get something to eat on the train.

(=the kinds of things they eat or drink regularly)

The doctor asked me about my eating habits and how much I smoked.

(=a mental illness which causes you to eat too much or too little)

She described her battle with the eating disorder bulimia.

We should have time for a bite to eat before we set out.

She eats like a horse but never puts on any weight!

Ever since she was a child, Jan had always eaten like a bird.

(=used to say that you are completely full)

Thanks, that was lovely, but I couldn’t eat another thing.

[past tense](italic) [ate](bold) /et, eɪt/ US /eɪt/ [past participle](italic) [eaten](bold) /ˈiːtn/

to put food in your mouth and chew and swallow it

费利克斯一边吃一边兴奋地聊天。

It’s important to [eat healthily](bold) when you are pregnant.

怀孕的时候吃得健康很重要。

I exercise and [eat right](bold) and get plenty of sleep.

我做运动，饮食得当，睡眠充足。

Would you like [something to eat](bold)?

She can [eat like a horse](bold) and never put on weight.

她可以吃得很多，但体重从来不会增加。

We stopped at McDonalds to get [a bite to eat](bold).

我们在麦当劳停下来吃点东西。

Good [eating habits](bold) are the best way of preventing infection.

良好的饮食习惯是预防感染的最佳方法。

[ready-to-eat](bold) foods such as deli meats and cheeses

肉类熟食、奶酪等即食食品

‘More cake?’ ‘No thanks, [I couldn’t eat another thing](bold).’

“再来点蛋糕？” “不要了，谢谢。我再也吃不下了。”

No chicken for me. I don’t eat meat (=I never eat meat).

我不要鸡肉，我不吃肉的。

我们先吃饭然后再去看电影吧。

We could not afford to eat at Walker’s very often.

我们没钱经常去沃克餐馆用餐。

我要让你承认自己说错了话。

used to say, especially humorously, that something is very good

眼红去吧〔表示某事物很棒，尤为幽默用法〕

That’s a great drawing. Pablo Picasso eat your heart out!

那幅画真棒。毕加索，眼红去吧！

to be unhappy about something or to want someone or something very much

沮丧；渴求〔某人或某物〕

If you had any sense you’d forget him, but eat your heart out if you want to.

如果你有点理智就把他忘掉，但你如果非要这样就难受去吧。

to be very angry with someone or to defeat them completely

对某人大发脾气；彻底打败某人

You can’t tell him that – he’ll eat you alive!

你不能告诉他那件事，他会气得活吞了你！

to admit that you were wrong and say that you are sorry

used to emphasize that you think something is not true or will not happen

我才不信〔强调认为某事不是真的或不可能发生〕

If the Democrats win the election, I’ll eat my hat!

如果民主党选举获胜，我把脑袋给你！

to have made someone very willing to believe you or do what you want

使某人俯首听命，使某人百依百顺

He soon had the client eating out of his hand.

他很快就使客户言听计从了。

to eat a lot of someone’s supply of food, so that they have to buy more – used humorously

used to ask why someone seems annoyed or upset

used to tell someone that you are not angry with them and they need not be frightened

〔别怕〕我/我们不会把你吃了的

used to say that you will be healthy if the food you eat is healthy


eccentric

behaving in a way that is unusual and different from most people

→see THESAURUS at [strange](->strange) 1   →see THESAURUS at [unusual](->unusual)

His eccentric behaviour lost him his job.

他古怪的行为使他丢了工作。

eccentric circles do not have the same centre point


eccentric

someone who behaves in a way that is different from what is usual or socially accepted

I was regarded as something of an eccentric.

那时人们认为我行事古怪。


echo

if a sound echoes, you hear it again because it was made near something such as a wall or hill

The sound of an engine echoed back from the thick forest.

从茂密的森林里传来引擎的回声。

He could hear eerie noises echoing through the corridors.

他听见恐怖的声响在走廊里回荡。

if a place echoes, it is filled with sounds that are repeated or are similar to each other

The house echoed with the sound of children’s voices.

屋子里回荡着孩子们的说话声。

to repeat what someone else has just said

“当然啦。”她重复着他的话。

to repeat an idea or opinion because you agree with it

The article simply echoed the NRA’s arguments against gun control.

这篇文章只是附和了全国步枪协会反对枪支管制的观点。


echo

a sound that you hear again after a loud noise, because it was made near something such as a wall

她尖叫一声，传来响亮的回声。

something that is very similar to something that has happened or been said before

十分相似的东西，如出一辙的事物

The article contains echoes of an earlier report.

这篇文章与先前一篇报道如出一辙。

This idea [finds](bold) an [echo](bold) in many African countries.

这种观念在许多非洲国家引起了共鸣。


eclipse

(=one in which the Sun is hidden behind the Moon)

You need to wear protective glasses to view a solar eclipse.

(=one in which the Moon is hidden behind the Sun)

If it's cloudy, it may not be possible to see the lunar eclipse.

(=one in which the Sun or Moon is not completely hidden)

A partial eclipse of the Sun will occur on August 28th.

(=one in which the Sun or Moon is completely hidden)

The best places to witness the Sun's total eclipse are in southern Africa and South America.

an occasion when the Sun or the Moon cannot be seen, because the Earth is passing directly between the Moon and the Sun, or because the Moon is passing directly between the Earth and the Sun

a situation in which someone or something loses their power or fame, because someone or something else has become more powerful or famous

〔权力或名望的〕黯然失色

Many people expected the growth of television to mean the eclipse of radio.

许多人预计电视业的发展会使广播业黯然失色。

less famous or powerful than you should be

Mrs Bosanquet’s novels are now in eclipse.

博赞基特夫人的小说现在已经湮没无闻。


eclipse

if the Moon eclipses the Sun, the Sun cannot be seen behind the Moon, and if the Earth eclipses the Moon, the Moon cannot be seen because the Earth is between the Sun and the Moon

遮住〔太阳、月球〕的光，出现〔日食、月食〕

to become more important, powerful, famous etc than someone or something else, so that they are no longer noticed

The economy had eclipsed the environment as an election issue.

经济作为竞选话题已经盖过环境问题。

He was eclipsed by his more famous sister.

他在名气更大的姐姐面前显得黯然失色。

[Eclipse](bold)  is often passive in this meaning.


eco-friendly

→see THESAURUS at [environmentally friendly](->environmentally friendly)


ecological

ˌiːkəˈlɒdʒɪkəl◂

[ecologically](bold) /-kli/  adv. eg: This method of growing crops is effective and ecologically sound (=not likely to harm the environment).

connected with the way plants, animals, and people are related to each other and to their environment

interested in preserving the environment


ecology

(=weak or damaged, and in danger of being destroyed completely)

Exploring for oil will damage the island’s fragile ecology.

(=the animals, plants etc that live in a particular place)

a new book about the plant ecology of this fascinating area

Not much is known about the marine ecology of the Red Sea.

the way in which plants, animals, and people are related to each other and to their environment, or the scientific study of this


economic

ˌekəˈnɒmɪk◂, ˌiː-

→ Do not confuse with [economical](bold) (=cheap or not wasteful).

(=the amount of buying, selling etc in a country or area)

This year we have seen an upturn in global economic activity.

(=when businesses become more successful)

We have enjoyed a period of steady economic growth.

(=when businesses become less successful)

Experts are predicting an economic slowdown at the beginning of next year.

(=a period during which a country or area has a lot of problems with its economy)

People are scared they will lose their homes if there is an economic recession.

(=a situation in which there are a lot of problems with the economy, that must be dealt with quickly so the situation does not get worse)

The country’s economic crisis continues to deepen as workers demonstrated against rising food prices.

(=the process in which an economic situation improves after a period of failing)

There are now signs of economic recovery in the region.

The country’s continuing economic problems could lead to recession.

(=the way in which the economy of a country or area is organized)

There are fears that the country’s whole economic system could collapse.

(=the way in which a government manages the economy of a country or area)

Controlling inflation is the main aim of the government’s economic policy.

(=a set of changes made to an economy in order to improve it)

The government agreed to a programme of economic reform.

(=the general economic conditions in a country or area)

In the current economic climate, a lot of people are trying to save more and spend less.

(=laws that stop trade with another country, as a way of forcing its leaders to make political changes)

The UN threatened economic sanctions against the regime.

(=how well a company, country, or economy is doing)

How do you explain this poor economic performance over the last few years?

(=a factor involving money or the economy that affects a situation)

Complex economic and social factors have contributed to the rise in violent crime.

(=something that shows how well the economy of a country is doing, and what is likely to happen to it in the future)

The main economic indicators show that the economy is still in decline.

relating to trade, industry, and the management of money

→see THESAURUS at [financial](->financial)

In the current [economic climate](bold)(=conditions), we must keep costs down.

在当前的经济形势下，我们一定要控制好成本。

an economic process, activity etc produces enough profit for it to continue

产生经济效益的，可赚钱的

It is no longer economic to run the service.

经营这项服务不再有利可图了。


economical

using money, time, goods etc carefully and without wasting any

good-quality clothes at economical prices

used humorously to say that someone is not telling the truth


economically

(=modern, with many different types of industry)

the economically developed countries of Western Europe

economically powerful countries like the US

(=with not enough business activity, jobs etc)

Economically depressed areas in the northeast will receive extra EU funding.

(=depending on someone or something for money)

The country is still economically dependent on agriculture.

(=likely to be or remain financially successful)

Most of the coal mines in the area are no longer economically viable.

A lot of older women are not economically active.

(=not depending on other people for money)

Societies change when women become economically independent.

Many of our students are from economically disadvantaged backgrounds.

(=grow and become more economically successful)

China is continuing to develop economically and politically.

in a way that is related to systems of money, trade, or business

In economically advanced countries, women marry later.

在经济发达国家，女性结婚比较晚。

Economically, capitalism has transformed societies.

从经济上来说，资本主义改变了社会。

in a way that uses money, goods, time etc without wasting any

We produce food as economically as possible.

我们生产食品时力求节省。

Small trees use space in the garden economically.

小型树木可以节省花园里的空间。


economics

In meaning 1, [economics](bold)  is followed by a singular verb: [Economics is](bold) often studied with politics.

In meaning 2, [economics](bold)  is followed by a plural verb: The [economics do](bold) not add up.

the study of the way in which money and goods are produced and used

the way in which money influences whether a plan, business etc will work effectively

经济情况，经济因素；经济意义


economist

someone who studies the way in which money and goods are produced and used and the systems of business and trade


economy

→ [black economy](->black economy) → [market economy](->market economy) → [mixed economy](->mixed economy)

Don't confuse [economy](bold)  (= a country's economic system)  and [economics](bold)  (= the study of how money is produced and used) . You say: He is studying economics.
Don’t say: [He is studying economy.](strike)

The new government inherited a strong economy.

The economy is weak and consumer confidence is low.

The country’s fragile economy depends almost exclusively on tourism.

(=steady, rather than being strong then weak)

The economy has been relatively stable for the last two or three years.

Measures aimed at reviving the stagnant economy are not working.

The government must take action to boost the flagging economy.

What can we learn from China’s booming economy?

Rising oil prices threaten the world economy.

The new factory has given a massive boost to the local economy.

the British/American/Japanese etc economy

The Japanese economy is showing signs of recovery.

Small economies like Kenya might struggle to survive in a global recession.

(=one that is getting stronger and starting to include more modern industries)

Many developing economies are investing in sources of renewable energy.

(=one that is based mainly on industries producing goods or materials)

Expectations for growth in the main industrial economies remain low.

The early 1920s saw a rapid expansion in the American agricultural economy.

(=one that is based mainly on selling services such as insurance or tourism)

Britain has shifted from a manufacturing to a service economy.

(=based on companies producing and selling products freely, without restrictions)

Eastern European countries were gradually making the transition to a market economy.

(=based on a capitalist or socialist political system)

the large capitalist economies of western Europe

(=business activity in which people buy and sell goods illegally, without paying tax)

Illegal immigrants have to seek work in the black economy.

Governments are judged on how well they manage the economy.

The tax cut should help to expand the economy.

It is hoped that the Olympic Games will boost the country’s economy.

The floods last year destroyed the region’s economy.

The economy is booming and share prices are at an all-time high.

The US economy is slowing down after a long period of growth.

(=returns to normal condition after a period of trouble or difficulty)

The economy is beginning to recover from the recession.

the system by which a country’s money and goods are produced and used, or a country considered in this way

You say [the economy](bold)  when talking about the economic system in a particular country: Tourism is an important part of the economy.
Don’t say: [Tourism is an important part of economy.](strike)

something that you do in order to spend less money

The council must [make economies](bold) to meet government spending targets.

政务委员会必须采取节约措施以达到政府的开支指标。

Not insuring your belongings is a [false economy](bold)(=it is cheaper but could have bad results).

不给个人财产投保实际上并不划算。

the careful use of money, time, goods etc so that nothing is wasted

The gas fire was turned low for reasons of economy.

为了节省，把燃气取暖器开小了。

The company announced that it would cut 500 jobs as part of an [economy drive](bold)(=a way to save money).

公司宣布将裁员500人，作为节省开支的措施之一。

the financial advantages of producing something in very large quantities

规模经济〔因生产规模扩大而成本降低〕


economy

a product that is cheaper because you are buying a larger amount

经济装，实惠装〔指比标准包装量大而便宜的包装〕


ecosystem

ˈiːkəʊˌsɪstɪm

all the animals and plants in a particular area, and the way in which they are related to each other and to their environment


ecstasy

[go into ecstasies](bold)(=become very happy and excited)

an illegal drug that gives a feeling of happiness and energy. Ecstasy is especially used by people who go out to dance at clubs and parties.

摇头丸〔尤在夜店或派对中跳舞时服用〕


ecstatic

an ecstatic welcome from the thousands who lined the streets

a reviewan opinion about a film, play etc that appears in a newspaper or magazine, praise etc that says that something is very good

The exhibition attracted thousands of visitors and ecstatic reviews.

展览会吸引了成千上万的参观者，并获得狂热的评论。


edge

the part of something that is furthest from its centre or nearest the place where it ends

He got up quickly, knocking his plate off the edge of the table.

the part of something that is near its left or right edge

On the left side of the garden there was an old stone wall.

the edge of something circular, especially the top of a cup or glass, or the outside edge of a pair of glasses

She was looking at me over the rim of her spectacles.

the empty space at the side of a page that has writing on it

My teacher had marked my essay and made some comments in the margin.

Leave wide margins on both sides of the page.

the edge of a piece of cloth that is turned under and stitched down, especially the lower edge of a skirt, trousers etc

If you want the dress a bit shorter, I can easily turn up the hem.

the areas of a city that are furthest away from the centre

The new station was built on the outskirts of the city.

the outside edge around an enclosed area of land such as a military camp or a prison

Security guards patrol the perimeter night and day.

I gripped the top edge of the door and pulled myself up.

The lower edge of the window frame was starting to rot.

I banged my elbow on the front edge of the desk.

He painted carefully around the inner edge of each door.

The airport is located on the outer edge of town.

(=the part of an area that is close to the point where the area ends)

There’s a ridge of hills on the northern edge of the county.

The castle stands on the edge of the sea.

(=to be slightly better than someone or something else)

We believe our products have the edge over the competition.

(=gain a small advantage over someone or something else)

A well trained workforce is a key factor in gaining a competitive edge over our rivals.

I hope my qualifications and experience will give me the edge.

He’s had a lot of injuries and lost a lot of his competitive edge.

Running on the inside lane will give him a slight edge.

Being tall gives you a distinct edge in some sports.

(=something that makes a person or business able to compete successfully against other people or businesses)

He believes investment in new technology is the only way for the company to maintain its competitive edge.

the part of an object that is furthest from its centre

Put the eggs in the centre of the dish, with the vegetables and herbs around the edge.

把鸡蛋放在盘子中间，盘边放一圈蔬菜和香草。

Jennifer walked to the edge of the wood.

He stood at the water’s edge staring across the lake.

他站在水边，凝视着湖对面。

A leaf was on the ground, curling up at the edges.

地上有一片叶子，叶边卷曲着。

the thin sharp part of a blade or tool that cuts

something that gives you an advantage over others

Companies are employing more research teams to get an edge.

各家公司都在雇用更多的研究团队以占取优势。

The next version of the software [will have](bold) the [edge](bold) over its competitors.

该软件的下一个版本会比竞争对手更胜一筹。

nervous, especially because you are expecting something unpleasant to happen

要与莉萨见面，保罗感到紧张不安。

a quality in someone’s voice that makes it sound slightly angry or impatient

There was an edge of hostility in Jack’s voice.

杰克的话音里流露出敌意。

她的话音中透着一丝绝望。

She walked almost to the edge of the cliff.

她几乎走到了悬崖的边缘。

close to the point at which something different, especially something bad, will happen

某事快要发生〔尤指不好的事〕

Their economy is on the edge of collapse.

a special quality of excitement or danger

〔激动或危险的〕气氛，因素

The school’s campaign has been given an extra edge by being filmed for television.

学校的这一运动被拍成电视，这为其增添了一分别样的色彩。

to make something less bad, good, strong etc

使某事物减弱，减轻某事物

Pascoe was drinking whisky to take the edge off the pain.

帕斯科在喝威士忌酒来缓解疼痛。

giving all your attention to something exciting

The film’s ending had me on the edge of my seat.

影片的结尾让我非常激动。

to be behaving in a way that makes it seem as if you are going crazy


edge

to move gradually with several small movements, or to make something do this

她慢慢地靠近，想看得清楚一些。

[edge your way into/round/through etc sth](bold)

Christine edged her way round the back of the house.

克里斯蒂娜慢慢地绕过房子的后面。

to put something on the edge or border of something

[Edge](bold)  is usually passive in this meaning.

to change gradually, especially so as to get better or worse

The paper has [edged ahead](bold) of (=been more successful than) its rivals.

这份报纸越办越好，超过了竞争对手。

to cut the edges of an area of grass so that they are tidy and straight


edit

to prepare a book, piece of film etc for printing or broadcasting by removing mistakes or parts that are not acceptable

The newspaper edits letters before printing them.

这家报社刊登读者来信前先作校订。

to prepare a book or article for printing by deciding what to include and in what order

a collection of essays edited by John Gay

由约翰·盖伊编辑的论文集

to prepare a film by deciding what to include and in what order

to be responsible for the information that is included in a newspaper, magazine etc

她曾担任《观察家报》的主编。


edition

The first edition was published in 1986.

The new edition of the dictionary includes a CD-ROM.

(=one that has more information than a previous edition, or contains corrections)

The revised edition includes a chapter on Gordon Brown.

(=a small number of special copies produced at one time only)

They have produced a new limited edition CD.

(=of a book, newspaper, or other product)

This special edition of the VW Beetle was produced in the 1970s.

The first edition of the book was published in 1982.

the form that a book, newspaper, magazine etc is produced in

the copies of a book, newspaper etc that are produced and printed at the same time

The textbook was first published in 1858 and is now in its 39th edition.

该课本初版于1858年，现在已经是第39版了。

A [limited edition](bold) of 2,000 copies has been published.

已有2,000册限量版面世。

[first edition](bold)(=the first copies of a particular book, that are often valuable)

Martin was reading the early edition of the Evening News.

马丁在看早版《晚新闻》。

a television or radio programme that is broadcast regularly or is part of a series

〔电视或广播节目、系列节目的〕一集，一辑

the early evening edition of Scotland Today

傍晚播出的一辑《今日苏格兰》


editor

→ [copy editor](->copy editor) → [sub-editor](->sub-editor)

the person who is in charge of a newspaper or magazine, or part of a newspaper or magazine, and decides what should be included in it

〔报纸、杂志的〕主编，编辑

someone who prepares a book or article for printing by deciding what to include and checking for any mistakes

someone who chooses what to include in a book on a particular subject

the editor of a book of essays on modern poetry

someone who prepares a film, television programme, or sound recording for broadcasting by deciding what to include and checking for any mistakes

〔电影、电视节目或录音的〕编辑，剪辑者

someone who reports on a particular subject for a radio or television news programme

〔电台或电视台的〕记者，通讯员

Here is John Simmonds, our Diplomatic Editor, with the latest news.

现在由我们的外交记者约翰·西蒙兹报道最新消息。

a computer program that allows you to make changes to saved information


editorial

ˌedəˈtɔːriəl◂

ˌedəˈtɔːriəl◂

a piece of writing in a newspaper that gives the editor’s opinion about something, rather than reporting facts


editorial

[editorially](bold) adv. eg: The paper is editorially independent.

relating to the preparation of a newspaper, book, television programme etc for printing or broadcasting

expressing the opinion of a particular newspaper editor rather than just giving facts


educate

to teach a child at a school, college, or university

The Ormerod School educates handicapped children.

奥默罗德学校的教育对象为残疾儿童。

他在布里斯托尔大学上的学。

[Educate](bold)  is often passive in this meaning.

to give someone information about a particular subject, or to show them a better way to do something

a campaign to educate teenagers about HIV

教育青少年了解艾滋病病毒的运动


educated

having been well taught and learned a lot

university-educated/well educated/privately educated etc

having had a particular type of education

受过大学教育的/受过良好教育的/受过私立教育的等

a guess that is likely to be correct because it is based on some knowledge

Investors must [make](bold) an [educated guess](bold) as to the company’s potential.

投资者对公司的潜力必须作出有依据的猜测。


education

ˌedjʊˈkeɪʃən

→ [adult education](->adult education) → [further education](->further education) → [higher education](->higher education)

All parents want a good education for their children.

She had a poor education, and left school without qualifications.

(=including a balance of lots of different subjects)

The school offers a good all-round education.

(=spending every weekday in a school or college)

Children must stay in full-time education until the age of 16.

(=provided by the government of a country)

The state of California guarantees free public education to all children.

I don't agree with the principle of private education.

(=from teachers at school or college, rather than learning by yourself)

She had no formal education and was brought up by her grandmother.

The government has announced plans to improve the quality of primary school education.

She hopes to start a teaching career in secondary education.

I did a carpentry course at the further education college.

They run adult education classes at the local community college.

(=relating to skills needed for a particular job)

We offer vocational education and job training.

The funding will provide nursery education for all four-year-olds.

Some children grow up without receiving any education.

The school aims to provide a good general education.

The number of students entering higher education has risen.

She left full-time education at the age of 16.

I hope to continue my education after high school.

(=the way education is organized and managed in a country)

Is the British education system failing some children?

(=the government organization that makes decisions about education)

Newcastle City Council’s education department

(=a government organization that makes official decisions about education in one particular area)

The school is funded by the local education authority.

(=all the government organizations that work together to provide education)

There are plans to expand the adult education service.

(=political plans for managing an education system)

The teaching unions are calling for the government to review its education policy.

(=changes that a government makes to the education system in a country)

the government’s programme of education reform

the process of teaching and learning, usually at school, college, or university

She also hopes her children will get a good education.

她也希望她的孩子可以受到良好的教育。

efforts to improve girls’ access to education

为增加女孩受教育机会所作的努力

[formal education](bold) at → [formal](->formal) 1 sense 6

the institutions and people involved with teaching

an interesting experience which has taught you something – often used humorously

有教益的经历〔常为幽默用法〕

Having Jimmy to stay has been quite an education!

留吉米住在这儿，真是让人受益匪浅！


educational

ˌedjʊˈkeɪʃənəl◂

teaching you something you did not know before


effect

→ [sound effects](->sound effects) → [special effect](->special effect)

a change that is caused by an event, action etc

The people in this area are still suffering from the effects of the famine.

an effect that happens as a result of something important, especially a big and permanent effect

Changes in technology have had a massive impact on the way we work.

the environmental impact of industrial activity

the effect that something has on people’s opinions or behaviour, or on how something develops

American television has had a big influence on popular culture in the west.

His ideas had a lot of influence at the time.

an unwanted and unplanned effect that something has – used especially about drugs and medical treatment

Common side effects of the drug may include headaches and muscle pains.

bad effects that continue for a long time after the thing that caused them

A traumatic experience can have severe psychological after-effects.

the effects that happen later as a result of an event or decision, especially a range of effects that continue for a long time

The scandal could have serious repercussions for her career.

The judge’s decision is likely to have important repercussions for future cases of this kind.

used when something has an effect on something, which then has an effect on something else

Higher oil prices have a knock-on effect on other fuels.

the effect that human activities have on the environment, caused by using up its natural resources, pollution, waste etc

Businesses all over the world must attempt to reduce their environmental footprint.

The house has a low carbon footprintit uses very little energy from carbon and therefore is good for the environment.

Eating junk food will eventually have an effect on your health.

The news had the effect of making everyone feel better.

If we combine these sounds, they produce an effect that is almost jazzy.

Small companies will feel the effect of the recession first.

(=make an effect smaller or less severe)

The government must take action to reduce the effects of pollution.

Lower mortgage rates will cushion the effect of rising house prices.

The effect of the drug lasts about six hours.

The effect of the anaesthetic was beginning to wear off.

The teachers’ strike had a big effect on many schools.

Global warming could have a significant effect on agriculture in many parts of the world.

(=very big, in a way that changes someone or something significantly )

My father’s death had a profound effect on me.

Taking the new drug had a dramatic effect on his health.

The drugs have a relatively small effect on a lot of patients.

The advertising campaign had a negligible effect on demand.

The announcement had an immediate effect on stock prices.

Inflation can sometimes have some good effects on the economy.

(=good, or helping someone or something in some way)

The incident had a very positive effect on his career.

Working too hard was beginning to have a bad effect on my health.

(=causing harm or damage to something or someone)

the harmful effects of drinking too much alcohol

Some of the effects can be quite damaging.

He drank five beers, but they did not seem to have any visible effect on him.

No one told them about the adverse effects of smoking marijuana.

(=having an effect for a long or short time)

Many boxers suffer with the long-term effects of punches to the head.

(=an effect that is caused by something that has happened before)

The strike could have a knock-on effect at other airports.

(=the effect of many things happening one after the other)

The cumulative effect of these policies will be to push up inflation.

His team talk had the desired effect because the team went on to win the game.

We won’t know the full effect of the tax changes until the end of the financial year.

(=one that makes you feel less angry, excited, or nervous)

His words seemed to have a calming effect on the crowd.

a change that is caused by an event, action etc

My parents’ divorce [had](bold) a big [effect](bold) on me.

父母离婚给我带来了很大的影响。

the [harmful effects](bold) of modern farming practices

the [long-term effects](bold) of the drug

I could [feel](bold) the [effects](bold) of the thin mountain air.

我能感觉到山上稀薄空气产生的影响。

This ingredient also [has the effect of](bold) making your skin look younger.

这种成分还有使皮肤看上去更年轻的效果。

A system failure has a [knock-on effect](bold) throughout the whole hotel.

系统故障会给整个酒店带来连锁反应。

the [cumulative effect](bold) of human activities on the global environment

人类活动对全球环境日积月累的影响

A much lower dose of the painkiller can still produce [the desired effect](bold).

大量减少该止痛药的服用剂量依然能产生预期的效果。

In mental illness, there is a complex relationship between [cause and effect](bold).

精神疾病有复杂的因果关系。

→ [greenhouse effect](->greenhouse effect) → [side effect](->side effect)

→ Do not confuse with the verb [affect](bold) (=to have an effect on something).

It won’t be easy to put the changes into effect.

落实这些变革不会是件容易的事。

开始起作用；开始产生效果

The morphine was starting to take effect and the pain eased.

吗啡开始起作用，疼痛减轻了。

if a law, rule, or system takes effect or comes into effect, it officially starts

if a law, rule, or system is in effect, it is being used now

starting to happen immediately, or from a particular date

立即生效/自 …开始实行

Hoskins is appointed manager, with immediate effect.

霍斯金斯被任命为经理，此任命立即生效。

used when you are describing what you see as the real facts of a situation

In effect, we’ll be earning less than we were last year.

实际上，我们挣钱会比去年少。

used to show how successful an action is

效果良好/富有成效/毫无效果等

我们想把他叫醒，但没有用。

used when you are giving the general meaning of something, rather than the exact words

有这样的意思/有那样的意思/大意是

Jim told me to go away, or [words to that effect](bold).

吉姆叫我走开，或说了类似的话。

The letter said something [to the effect that](bold) she was no longer needed.

信中表达的大意是不再需要她了。

an idea or feeling that an artist, speaker, book etc tries to make you think of or to feel

〔艺术家、演讲者、书等给人的〕印象，感受

Turner’s paintings give an effect of light.

特纳的画表现出光的效果。

if someone does something for effect, they do it in order to make people notice

She paused for effect, then carried on speaking.

她略为停顿以吸引注意，然后继续演讲。

Don’s few [personal effects](bold) were in a suitcase under the bed.

唐的几件个人物品在床下的手提箱里。

an unusual or impressive sound or image that is artificially produced for a film, play, or radio programme


effect

Many parents lack confidence in their ability to effect change in their children’s behaviour.

许多父母对自己是否有能力改变子女的行为缺乏信心。

→ Do not confuse with the verb [affect](bold) (=to have an effect on something).


effective

The company launched a highly effective advertising campaign.

What’s the most effective way to control crime?

Exams are not the most effective method of assessing students’ abilities.

Is reducing the speed limit an effective means of reducing accidents?

The police must take effective action to protect the public.

The most effective solution to traffic congestion is to build more roads.

Antibiotics are still the most effective treatment for this disease.

The country has a simple but effective welfare system.

successful, and working in the way that was intended

→see THESAURUS at [successful](->successful)

The cheaper drugs are just as effective in treating arthritis.

较便宜的药品对治疗关节炎同样有效。

the painting’s [highly effective](bold) use of colour

这幅画中对色彩炉火纯青的运用

Training is often much less effective than expected.

训练的效果往往远低于预期。

the most effective ways of reducing inner city congestion

减少内城区交通拥挤最有效的办法

In everyday English, people usually say that something [works (well)](bold) , rather than say that it is [effective](bold) :

The cheaper drugs [work just as well](bold).

if a law, agreement, or system becomes effective, it officially starts

〔法律、协议或制度〕生效的

The cut in interest rates is effective from Monday.

利率下调从星期一起生效。

real rather than what is officially intended or generally believed

The rebels are in effective control of the city.

反叛者实际上已控制了该市。


effectively

in a way that produces the result that was intended

Children have to learn to communicate effectively.

小孩子应该学会有效地沟通。

used to describe what you see as the real facts of the situation

Effectively, it has become impossible for us to help.

事实上，我们已不可能帮忙了。

Most of the urban poor are effectively excluded from politics.

城市里的大部分穷人实际上都没法参与政治。


efficiency

The company is taking steps to improve efficiency and reduce costs.

Recent efforts by American business to increase efficiency seem to have failed.

(=develop or encourage efficient ways of doing something)

A competitive market helps to promote efficiency.

In a search for greater efficiency, the two departments have merged.

The boat's design helps it to move with maximum efficiency.

Better fuel efficiency can be achieved by driving more slowly.

Energy efficiency can play a huge role in reducing pollution.

The diesel engine offers high efficiency and low fuel consumption.

(=the efficiency with which a machine or system works)

The computer can process this information quickly, without any loss of operating efficiency.

New technology introduced by the company has brought efficiency gains.

Efficiency savings in the industry will inevitably lead to job losses.

(=changes introduced to make something more efficient)

The new efficiency measures are designed to improve the health service.

Their work led to higher standards of efficiency across the industry.

the quality of doing something well and effectively, without wasting time, money, or energy

considerable advancements in [energy efficiency](bold)

the amounts of money, supplies etc that are saved by finding a better or cheaper way of doing something


efficient

The factory is modern and highly efficient.

Email is an efficient way of contacting a large number of people.

The railways used to provide a cheap efficient method of travel.

The tram is a very efficient means of transport.

We need a more efficient system for collecting money.

We aim to provide our clients with an efficient and friendly service.

We must work towards the more efficient use of all natural resources.

The law must protect investors without interfering with the efficient operation of the market.

(=costing or spending as little as possible)

The larger a firm becomes the more cost efficient it can become.

if someone or something is efficient, they work well without wasting time, money, or energy

Lighting is now more [energy efficient](bold).

如今的照明设备更加节能。


effort

She made an effort to change the subject of the conversation.

Let’s try again, only put more effort into it this time.

An automatic car takes the effort out of driving.

It takes a sustained effort to quit smoking.

Trying to get my mother to change her mind requires considerable effort.

Their efforts were successful, and they won the contract.

Efforts to save the hospital from closure have been unsuccessful.

(=having no chance of succeeding, and therefore not worth doing)

Doctors knew that any effort to save his life would be futile.

The government has made a big effort to tackle the problem of poverty.

The police put considerable effort into finding his car.

It was only with a supreme effort that Roger controlled his temper.

I made a special effort to be nice to the children.

(=one that you continue making for a long time)

It will take a sustained effort over the next 5 years to achieve our objectives.

(=one that you concentrate on in order to achieve something)

He made a conscious effort to become a better person.

She had made a determined effort to lose weight.

(=one you make when you are in a very bad situation)

The fox made a desperate effort to get away.

(=involving a lot of different actions, or a lot of people working together)

It will take a concerted effort to change the culture of binge-drinking in the country.

We had many fine individual performances, but the win was a real team effort.

(=with different people or groups working together)

This was a collaborative effort involving the three largest energy companies.

He struggled back from two sets down to win the match, showing great physical and mental effort.

(=a last effort, when you want very much to achieve something)

Sam took a deep breath and prepared herself for one final effort.

(=do something that requires some effort)

I felt too tired to go to a party, but decided to make the effort.

I made every effort to see their point of view.

They make no effort to speak the local language.

(=used to say that something is worth doing even though it is hard)

It’s a difficult place to get to, but it's well worth the effort.

(=a big effort to do something that you find difficult because of the way you feel)

It took a huge effort of will not to cry.

With great effort, he managed to keep quiet.

Her horse jumped the fence without any effort.

The UN is organizing the relief effort to the region affected by the earthquake.

The party is planning a huge fund-raising effort later this year.

Taxes were raised to support the war effort.

the physical or mental energy that is needed to do something

Lou lifted the box easily, without using much effort.

洛乌没费多大力气就把箱子搬了起来。

Frank put a lot of effort into the party.

弗兰克办这次聚会花了不少精力。

Learning to speak another language takes effort.

an attempt to do something, especially when this involves a lot of hard work or determination

Tom’s efforts to stop smoking haven’t been very successful.

汤姆戒烟的努力不太成功。

Church leaders are prepared to meet the terrorists [in an effort to](bold)(=in order to try to) find peace.

Further efforts at negotiation have broken down.

为谈判所作的进一步努力已经失败了。

through sb’s efforts (=because of their efforts)

The money was raised largely through the efforts of parents.

这笔钱主要是通过家长的努力才筹集到的。

Despite all our efforts we lost the game 1–0.

虽然我们尽了最大努力，但还是以零比一输掉了比赛。

I was so weak that even standing up was an effort.

我虚弱得连站起来都很费力。

work that people do to achieve something in a particular situation

Everyone did what they could to support the [war effort](bold).

人人都尽力支持那次战争行动。

something that has been done well, badly etc


e.g.

citrus fruits, e.g. oranges and grapefruit

柑橘属水果，例如橙子和葡萄柚

In formal contexts such as essays or business letters, people usually avoid using the abbreviation [e.g.](bold) , and write [for example](bold)  in full:

They might use local health care facilities, [for example](bold) clinics and district hospitals.


egg

[kill the goose that lays the golden egg](bold) at → [kill](->kill) 1 sense 14 → [nest egg](->nest egg)

a round object with a hard surface, that contains a baby bird, snake, insect etc and which is produced by a female bird, snake, insect etc

〔鸟类、蛇等的〕蛋；〔昆虫等的〕卵

Blackbirds [lay](bold) their [eggs](bold) in March.

The [eggs hatch](bold)(=break open to allow the baby out) in 26 days.

这些蛋要26天才能孵化。

an egg, especially one from a chicken, that is used for food

Joe always has [bacon and egg](bold) for breakfast.

Whisk the [egg white](bold)(=the white part) until stiff.

Beat in two of the [egg yolks](bold)(=the yellow part).

a cell produced by a woman or female animal that combines with spermmale cell to make a baby

if someone, especially someone in authority, has egg on their face, they have been made to look stupid by something embarrassing

〔尤指有权威的人〕丢脸，出丑

The Pentagon’s been left with egg on its face.

to depend completely on one thing or one course of action in order to get success, so that you have no other plans if this fails

把一切希望寄托于一件事；孤注一掷

When planning your investments, it’s unwise to put all your eggs in one basket.

在计划投资时，把所有钱投往一处的做法是不明智的。

to fail or be unsuccessful at something that you are trying to do

someone who you can depend on to be honest, kind etc


ego

ˈiːɡəʊ, ˈeɡəʊ

the opinion that you have about yourself

Richard has the biggest ego (=thinks he is very clever and important) of anyone I’ve ever met.

理查德是我见过最自负的人。

That promotion really [boosted](bold) her [ego](bold)(=made her feel better about herself).

那次晋升确实增强了她的自信心。

I need someone to massage my [bruised ego](bold)(=when you feel less confident than before).

我需要有人来安抚我受挫的自信心。

the part of your mind with which you think and take action, according to Freudian psychology

〔弗洛伊德心理学中的〕自我


eight

My parents died when I was eight (=eight years old).

a team of eight people who row a racing boat, or the boat that they row


eighteen

[eighteenth](bold) adj. pron. eg: in the eighteenth century eg: her eighteenth birthday eg: I’m planning to leave on [the eighteenth](bold)(=the 18th day of the month).


eighth

[eighth](bold) pron. eg: I’m planning to leave on [the eighth](bold)(=the eighth day of the month).

coming after seven other things in a series


eighty

[eightieth](bold) adj. eg: her eightieth birthday

The band was incredibly successful in the eighties.

这支乐队在80年代红透半边天。

Their troubles began in the mid eighties.

他们的麻烦开始于80年代中期。

Hilda Simpson was a woman in her early eighties.

希尔达·辛普森是个80岁出头的妇人。

if the temperature is in the eighties, it is between 80 degrees and 89 degrees

The temperature is expected to remain in the low eighties.

气温预计会保持在80度多一点。


either

used to begin a list of two or more possibilities

或者 …或者〔用以引出两个或多个可能的事物〕

You add either one or two cloves of garlic.

She’s the kind of person you either love or hate.

她是那种让你非爱即恨的人。

used to say that if one thing does not happen then something else will have to

要么 …要么〔表示非此即彼〕

It’s your choice! Either she leaves or I will!

你看着办吧！要么她走，要么我走！

£75 seems a lot to pay for a starter motor, but it’s either that or a new car!

花75英镑换一个启动马达似乎很贵，但要是不换的话就得换辆新车！

a situation in which you cannot avoid having to make a decision or choice

非此即彼的情况；必须作出决定[选择]的情况


either

You use [either](bold)  before a singular noun, with a singular verb: Either explanation [is](bold) possible.

You use [either of](bold)  before a plural pronoun or a plural noun: I don’t believe either of them.

In formal speech and writing, you use a singular verb: [Has](bold) either of them called yet?

In informal speech and writing, people often use a plural verb: [Have ](bold)either of them called yet?

one or the other of two things or people

There’s tea or coffee – you can have either.

有茶和咖啡，你可任选一种。

We can offer a comfortable home to a young person of either sex.

我们可以为年轻的男性或女性提供舒适的住处。

Could either of you lend me five pounds?

used to show that a negative statement is true about both of two things or people

〔用于否定句〕两者都（不）

I’ve lived in New York and Chicago, but don’t like either city very much.

我在纽约和芝加哥住过，但两个城市我都不太喜欢。

There were two witnesses but I wouldn’t trust either of them.

有两个目击者，但我都信不过。

He sat in the back of the car with a policeman on either side.

他坐在汽车后座上，两边各有一名警察。

There are shops at either end of the street.

used to say that something will be the same whichever of two things happens or is true

〔两种方式中的〕任何一种方式

You can get to Edinburgh by train or plane, but either way it’s very expensive.

你可以坐火车或飞机到爱丁堡，但两种方式都很费钱。

more or less than a certain amount or measurement

A few marks either way can make the difference between a pass and a fail.

多几分或少几分就有及格与否的区别。

used to say that someone or something does not firmly support or want either one of two things

‘All right, let’s do that,’ said Camille, who didn’t care either way.

“好，我们就干吧。”卡米尔说。她无所谓，怎么都行。

if a situation could go either way, both possible results are equally likely

The latest opinion poll suggests the vote could go either way.

最近的民意调查显示两种投票结果都有可能。


either

used to show that a negative statement is also true about another thing or person, or to add a different negative statement about something or someone

I haven’t seen the movie and my brother hasn’t either (=he also has not seen it).

我没看过这部电影，我弟弟也没看过。

“我不会游泳。”“我也不会。”

It’s not an easy car to drive, and at $40,000 it’s not cheap either.

这车不容易开，而且要价4万美元，也不便宜。

used to say that a negative statement is also true about you

我也是〔表示某个否定性的陈述也适用于自己〕

‘I don’t have any money right now.’ ‘Me either.’

“我现在没钱。” “我也没有。”


eject

to make someone leave a place or building by using force

The demonstrators were ejected from the hall.

to make someone leave a job or position very quickly

420 workers have been ejected from their jobs with no warning.

420名工人在没有任何先兆的情况下被辞退。

Two engines cut out and the plane started to eject fuel as it lost height.

两个发动机突然熄火，飞机在下降的同时开始喷出燃料。

if a pilot ejects, he or she escapes from a plane, using an ejector seat because it is going to crash

〔飞行员从将要坠毁的飞机中〕弹射出来

if you eject a disk or a tape, or if it ejects, it comes out of a machine after you have pressed a particular button

（使）〔磁带或光盘从机器中〕弹出


elaborate

[elaborately](bold) adv. eg: an elaborately carved wooden statue

having a lot of small parts or details put together in a complicated way

→see THESAURUS at [complicated](->complicated)

pure silks embroidered with elaborate patterns

carefully planned and organized in great detail

a very elaborate telecommunications network


elaborate

[elaboration](bold) /ɪˌlæbəˈreɪʃ/  n. <C,U>

to give more details or new information about something

He said he had new evidence, but refused to elaborate any further.

他声称有新证据，但拒绝进一步详细说明。

McDonald refused to elaborate on his reasons for resigning.

麦克唐纳拒绝细说他辞职的原因。


elastic

a type of rubber material that can stretch and then return to its usual length or size


elastic

a material that is elastic can stretch and then go back to its usual length or size

马蹄上粗硬而有弹性的肉掌

a system or plan that is elastic can change or be changed easily

〔系统或计划〕灵活的，有伸缩性的

Demand for this type of holiday will probably be fairly elastic.

对这类假期的需求可能有相当的弹性。

if a piece of clothing is elastic, it is made with material that can stretch


elbow

[rub elbows with sb](bold) at → [rub](->rub) 1 sense 5

the part of a shirt etc that covers your elbow

hard work and effort, especially when cleaning or polishing something

费力的工作〔尤指擦洗等累活〕

to tell someone that you no longer like them or want them to work for you and that they should leave

There’s more elbow room in the restaurant since they extended it.


elbow

to push someone with your elbows, especially in order to move past them

[elbow your way through/past/into etc sth](bold)(=move through a group of people by pushing past them)

He elbowed his way to the bar and ordered a beer.

他挤到吧台前要了一杯啤酒。

She pushed through the crowd, [elbowing](bold) people [out of the way](bold).

她用手肘把人们推开，从人群中挤了出来。


elder

the elder of two people, especially brothers and sisters, is the one who was born first

〔两人中〕年纪较长的〔尤指哥哥或姐姐〕

他的大儿子利亚姆当了律师。

→ Don’t say ‘elder than someone’. Say [older than someone](bold)[She was two years older than me.](italic)


elder

Janet’s sister was eight years her elder.

珍妮特的姐姐比她大八岁。

people who are older than you and who you should respect

a member of a tribe or other social group who is important and respected because they are old

someone who has an official position of responsibility in some Christian churches

〔基督教某些教会中的〕长老

a small wild tree that has white flowers and black berries


elderly

used as a polite way of saying that someone is old or becoming old

年老的，渐老的〔委婉用法〕


eldest

the eldest of a group of people, especially brothers and sisters, is the one who was born first

年龄最大的〔尤指大哥和大姐〕

He was [the eldest](bold) of six children.


elect

to choose someone for an official position by voting

the country’s first [democratically elected](bold) government

该国第一个民主选举产生的政府

a new method for electing the leader of the party

He was elected to a US state governorship.

[be elected (as) president/leader/mayor etc](bold)

In 1768, John Wilkes was elected as their Member of Parliament.

1768年，约翰·威尔克斯当选为他们地区的议员。

[Elect](bold)  is often passive in this meaning.

You can elect to delete the message or save it.

你可以选择删除或者保存信息。


elect

the person who has been elected as president etc, but who has not yet officially started their job

候任[当选而尚未就任的]总统/州长/首相等


election

→ [general election](->general election)

an occasion when people choose a government or leader by voting

South Africa held its first multi-racial elections in 1994.

an occasion when the members of an organization vote by marking what they want on a piece of paper, especially to make sure that it is secret

The result of the ballot showed that nurses were not in favour of a strike.

an occasion when everyone in a country votes on an important political subject

In the Danish referendum, the people voted ‘no’ to joining the European single currency.

the process of voting in a political election – used especially in news reports

4,500,000 voters went to the polls in eight provinces to elect six governors.

an act of voting informally for something by the people in a group raising their hands

May I have a show of hands from all those in favour of the proposal?

The government plans to hold an election in November.

The prime minister would be unwise to call an election now.

If the party loses the election, they may decide they need a new leader.

also: contest an election (BrE) (formal)

Three independent candidates are also planning to contest the election.

If you plan to stand for election to the committee, you must be nominated by three members.

He accused the ruling party of rigging the elections.

(=refuse to take part in an election as a protest)

Opposition parties have threatened to boycott the elections.

(=with no unfair advantage to one person or group)

The ruling party has promised that the elections will be fair.

(=with everyone allowed to vote for who they want)

These will be the country’s first free multi-party elections.

The unions are calling for democratic elections.

(=one in which the whole country votes to elect a government)

Labour’s victory in the general election gave them a huge majority.

The Green Party increased its share of the vote in the French regional elections.

He is the Democrat Party’s candidate for the next presidential election.

(=to elect a new leader for a political party)

The result of the leadership election will be announced today.

(=to elect people to a congress or parliament)

People voted overwhelmingly Republican in the last congressional elections.

The federal elections are scheduled for May 2.

The mayoral elections are due to take place next month.

We are still waiting for the result of the gubernatorial election in New Jersey.

He became prime minister after a decisive election victory.

The election results have been coming in all night.

The election campaign got off to a bad start.

(=someone trying to be elected in an election)

Local party members choose the election candidates.

(=one that is made while a person or party is trying to be elected)

The government has broken all its election promises.

(=a programme by a party saying why people should vote for them in an election)

(=a public meeting to support a politician or party before an election)

He drove to Paris to address an election rally.

The Chancellor won’t raise taxes in an election year.

(=the day or night when people are voting and the votes are being counted)

We urge all our supporters to get out and vote on election night.

I’m sick of all those political pamphlets that come through my door at election time.

(=the period of time before an election)

There have been violent street protests in the run-up to the elections.

when people vote to choose someone for an official position

The Labour Party won the 2001 election by a huge majority.

Elections for the state governorship will be on November 25.

州长选举将于11月25日举行。

the fact of being elected to an official position

Within three months of his election he was forced to resign.

他当选后不到三个月就被迫辞职。


electoral

Our [electoral system](bold) strongly favours two-party government.

我们的选举制度非常有利于两党轮流执政。


electorate

all the people in a country who have the right to vote

A majority of the electorate oppose the law.

大多数选民反对这项法规。


electric

used about something that works using electricity

used about things in general that use electricity, or people whose job is to make or repair these things

a company manufacturing electrical goods

used about equipment such as computers and televisions that work by using extremely small electrical parts, or about systems that work using computers

Email is the short word for electronic mail.

needing electricity to work, produced by electricity, or used for carrying electricity

[electric current/power/charge](bold)(=a flow of electricity)

an [electric blanket](bold)(=one with electric wires in it, used for making a bed warm)

The [atmosphere](bold) in the courtroom was [electric](bold).


electrical

The fire was caused by an [electrical fault](bold).

an [electrical engineer](bold)(=a person who designs and makes electrical equipment)


electrician

someone whose job is to connect or repair electrical wires or equipment


electricity

We need to find cleaner ways of generating electricity.

(=produce electricity and make it available to people)

The dam will provide water and electricity for 30 million people.

The system uses electricity to heat the water.

In an emergency, the hospital can be powered by electricity from a generator.

(=used of a substance – allow electricity to travel along or through it)

Some metals conduct electricity better than others.

You risk having your electricity cut off if you fail to pay the bill.

(=electricity provided to homes and businesses)

The storms have disrupted the electricity supply to some areas.

(=the amount of electricity that is needed)

There has been a dramatic growth in electricity demand.

(=the process of producing electricity, or the amount produced)

California’s strict environmental policies make it difficult to increase electricity production.

(=the amount of electricity that is used)

Our target is to cut electricity consumption by 10%.

(=a bill you have to pay for electricity you have used)

I pay my electricity bill by direct debit.

Some electricity companies may be able to offer you an environmentally friendly option.

(=electricity supplied to a building from the national electricity supply)

(=electricity that collects on a surface, for example on your clothes or a balloon)

He touched the door handle, and felt a jolt of static electricity.

the power that is carried by wires,cables etc, and is used to provide light or heat, to make machines work etc

The farm was very isolated, but it had electricity.

那个农场非常偏远，但有电力供应。

There was electricity in the air between the two of them.

能感觉到他俩之间很来电。


electronic

[electronically](bold) /-kli/  adv. eg: electronically controlled gates eg: The information is recorded electronically.

electronic equipment, such as computers and televisions, uses electricity that has passed through computer chips, transistors etc

电子的，用电子操作的；电子器件的

an electronic organizer (=a small piece of electronic equipment that you can use to record addresses, phone numbers etc)

using or produced by electronic equipment

使用电子设备的；由电子设备产生的

electronic publishing (=a system of producing books, magazines etc in a form that can be read on a computer)


electronics

the study or industry of making equipment, such as computers and televisions, that work electronically

In this meaning, [electronics](bold)  is followed by a singular verb: [Electronics deals](bold) with electrical circuits that have active components.


elegant

[elegance](bold) n. <U> eg: the style and elegance of the designs

身材高挑、举止优雅的年轻女子

You can dine in [elegant surroundings](bold).

你可以在雅致的环境中进餐。

an idea or a plan that is elegant is very intelligent yet simple

〔想法或计划〕巧妙的，简洁的


element

This one fact is the most important element of the theory.

Private study is a major element of the students’ timetable.

Trust is a key element in any relationship.

The most crucial element of our economic system is the law of supply and demand.

(=necessary so that something can happen or exist)

Her determination is a vital element of her success.

The reform programme has three main elements.

one part or feature of a whole system, plan, piece of work etc, especially one that is basic or important

Honesty is a vital element of her success.

诚实是她取得成功的一个重要因素。

the primary element in the country’s economy

Besides ability, the other essential element in political success is luck.

政治上的成功除能力以外，另一个必不可少的因素便是运气。

Business and management elements are built into the course.

本课程加入了商务和管理方面的内容。

element of surprise/truth/risk/doubt etc

an amount, usually small, of a quality or feeling

几分惊奇/真实/风险/怀疑等

There is an element of truth in your argument.

a simple chemical substance such as carbon or oxygen that consists of atoms of only one kind

a group of people who form part of a larger group, especially when the rest of the group does not approve of them

〔尤指遭团体中其他人非议的〕一伙人

the hard-line communist elements in the party

the part of a piece of electrical equipment that produces heat

the most simple things that you have to learn first about a subject

某事物的基础[原理，纲要]

She doesn’t even know the basic elements of politeness.

她甚至连基本的礼貌都不懂。

one of the four substances (earth, air, fire, and water) from which people used to believe that everything was made

元素〔旧时人们认为土、空气、火、水是构成一切物质的四大元素〕

to be in a situation that you enjoy, because you are good at it

Graham was in his element, building a fire and cooking the steaks.

格雷厄姆生火、做牛排，干得得心应手。

to be in a situation that makes you uncomfortable or unhappy

不自在，处于不舒服的环境

She was out of her element in this dull little town.

生活在这个沉闷的小镇里她很不适应。


elementary

the elementary principles of justice and democracy

你犯了一个非常基本的错误。

concerning the first and easiest part of a subject

I’m only familiar with the subject at an elementary level.

我对这门学科的了解只是初级水平。

people sometimes use this expression humorously to say how easy something is to solve. Some people think that the phrase comes from the Sherlock Holmes stories by Sir Arthur Conan Doyle. Holmes says this to his friend Watson when explaining how easy it is to understand something about a crime. In fact, the phrase does not appear in the books.

这很简单，我亲爱的华生。〔幽默用法，表示某事非常容易解决；有人认为此短语出自福尔摩斯系列故事，但书中其实并无此语〕


elephant

a very large grey animal with four legs, two tuskslong curved teeth and a trunklong nose that it can use to pick things up

an important subject or problem that everyone knows about but no one mentions

房间里的大象〔指众所周知却被刻意回避的问题〕

The race issue is the elephant in the room in this election.

在这次选举中，重要的种族问题被刻意回避了。


elevate

to move someone or something to a more important level or rank, or make them better than before

Language has elevated humans above the other animals.

语言使人类高于其他动物。

Their purpose is to elevate AIDS to the top of government priorities.

他们的目的是使政府优先考虑艾滋病问题。

to lift someone or something to a higher position

Gradually elevate the patient into an upright position.

把病人慢慢托起，使其直立。

to increase the amount, temperature, pressure etc of something

增加，提高〔数量、温度、压力等〕

These drugs may elevate acid levels in the blood.

这些药物可能增加血液的酸度。


elevator

a machine that takes people and goods from one level to another in a building

a machine with a moving belt and containers, used for lifting grain and liquids, or for taking things off ships

〔运送粮食、液体或卸船的〕升降机，起卸机


eleven

I never go to bed before eleven (=11 o'clock).

我从不在11点钟以前上床睡觉。

James had worked every summer since he was eleven (=11 years old).

詹姆斯自11岁起每年夏天都打工。

a team of 11 players in football or cricket

He plays regularly in [the first eleven](bold)(=the best team of 11 players).


eleventh

[eleventh](bold) pron. eg: I’m planning to leave on [the eleventh](bold)(=the 11th day of the month).

coming after ten other things in a series

the last moment before something important happens

〔重大事件即将发生前的〕最后一刻，最后时刻

At the eleventh hour the government decided that something had to be done.

政府在最后一刻决定采取行动。


elicit

[elicitation](bold) /ɪˌlɪsɪˈteɪʃ/  n. <U>

to succeed in getting information or a reaction from someone, especially when this is difficult

〔从某人处〕套出〔信息〕；引起〔某人的反应〕

When her knock [elicited](bold) no [response](bold), she opened the door and peeped in.

敲门没有回应，她便推开门往里张望。

The test uses pictures to elicit words from the child.

这项测试用图片诱导孩子说话。


eligible

[eligibility](bold) /ˌelɪdʒəˈbɪləti/  n. <U>

someone who is eligible for something is able or allowed to do it, for example because they are the right age

Students on a part-time course are not eligible for a loan.

非全日制课程的学生没有资格申请贷款。

Over 500,000 18-year-olds will become [eligible to vote](bold) this year.

今年将有超过50万人年满18岁，获得投票资格。

an eligible man or woman would be good to marry because they are rich, attractive, and not married

〔作为婚姻对象〕合意的，合适的

Stephen was regarded as an [eligible bachelor](bold).

斯蒂芬被认为是一个钻石王老五。


eliminate

to completely get rid of something that is unnecessary or unwanted

[eliminate a need/possibility/risk/problem etc](bold)

The credit card eliminates the need for cash or cheques.

有了信用卡就不需要使用现金或支票了。

There is no solution that will totally eliminate the possibility of theft.

没有办法可以完全杜绝盗窃案的发生。

Fatty foods should be eliminated from the diet.

饮食中应该避免摄入高脂肪食物。

In everyday English, people usually say [get rid of](bold)  rather than [eliminate](bold) :

It is almost impossible to [get rid of](bold) the problem.

to defeat a team or person in a competition, so that they no longer take part in it

Our team was eliminated in the first round.

我们队第一轮就被淘汰了。

[Eliminate](bold)  is usually passive in this meaning.

to kill someone in order to prevent them from causing trouble

a ruthless dictator who eliminated all his rivals

铲除所有异己的残酷独裁者

if the police eliminate someone from their enquiries, they decide that that person did not commit a particular crime

〔警方〕将某人排除在调查对象之外


elimination

ɪˌlɪməˈneɪʃən

ɪˌlɪməˈneɪʃən

[process of elimination](bold) at → [process](->process) 1 sense 6

the defeat of a team or player in a competition, so that they may no longer take part

the act of killing someone, especially to prevent them from causing trouble

The killings are part of a campaign of elimination of the political opposition.

这几起谋杀是铲除政敌行动的一部分。

the process of getting rid of substances that your body no longer needs


elite

a group of people who have a lot of power and influence because they have money, knowledge, or special skills

the domination of power by a small political elite

少数政治精英对权力的掌控

a struggle for power within the [ruling elite](bold)


elite

an elite group contains the best, most skilled, or most experienced people or members of a larger group


else

[if nothing else](bold) at → [nothing](->nothing) 1 sense 11 [be something else](bold) at → [something](->something) sense 9

The possessive form of [someone/anyone else](bold)  is [someone/anyone else’s](bold) : Don’t use someone else’s ideas. Nobody else’s cooking is as good as yours.
Don’t say: [someone’s else ideas](strike)  [nobody’s else cooking](strike)

used after words beginning with ‘some-’, ‘every-’, ‘any-’, and ‘no-’, and after question words

besides or in addition to someone or something

There’s something else I’d like to talk about as well.

我还有其他事情要谈一谈。

I’d like you to come, and anyone else who’s free.

我想请你过来，其他人有空也可以来。

他现在已经醒了，其他人也都醒了。

‘Two coffees, please.’ ‘Anything else?’ ‘No, thanks.’

“请来两杯咖啡。”“还要别的吗？”“不要了，谢谢。”

[Above all else](bold)(=more than any other things) she was seeking love.

used to talk about a different person, thing, place etc

别的，另外的〔用于表示不同的人、事物、地方等〕

I’d like to live anywhere else but here.

别的地方我都愿意住，只要不住这里。

If I can’t trust you, who else can I trust?

我要是不能相信你，还能相信谁呢？

used to say that there will be a bad result if someone does not do something

否则，要不然〔用于表示会有不好的结果〕

快点，否则我们要赶不上火车了。

used to say what another possibility might be

要不〔用于表示有另一种可能〕

The salesman will reduce the price or else include free insurance.

推销员会降低价格，要不就会附送免费保险。

把钱交出来，不然的话要你好看！

used after a question word to say that the thing, person, or place you have mentioned is the only one possible

还能有别的 …〔用于疑问词后，表示刚提及的事情、人或地方是唯一的可能〕

‘What are you doing?’ ‘Waiting for you, what else?’

“你在干什么？” “在等你呗，还能做什么？”

used to say that it is impossible to do or say anything apart from what has been mentioned

某人还能做/说什么？〔用于表示除了刚提到的事情，不可能做或说别的了〕

‘Will you really sell the house?’ ‘What else can I do? I can’t live here.’

“你真的要把房子卖了？”“还能怎么办？我不能住在这里了。”


elsewhere

She is becoming famous in Australia and elsewhere.

她在澳大利亚和其他地方渐渐出名了。

Kerala has less crime and alcoholism than elsewhere in India.


elusive

an elusive person or animal is difficult to find or not often seen

〔人或动物〕难找的，不常见到的

She managed to get an interview with that elusive man.

她设法采访到了那个行踪飘忽的人。

an elusive result is difficult to achieve

She enjoys a firm reputation in this country but wider international success has been elusive.

她在这个国家享有稳固的声誉，但却一直难以在国际上取得更大的成功。

an elusive idea or quality is difficult to describe or understand

For me, the poem has an elusive quality.

对我来说，这首诗有点难以捉摸。


email

There were about 20 emails in my inbox that morning.

an email – used when it is obvious that you are talking about a message sent by email, rather than a message sent by some other method

a document or file that is sent with an email

You can email the photo to me as an attachment.

unwanted email messages from advertisers

I was getting so much spam that I changed my email address.

the activity of sending emails in order to trick someone into giving away information such as their bank account number or their computer password. This information is then used to get money or goods

Yahoo announced new measures to protect users from phishing.

Can you send me an email with all the details?

Within seconds, I got an email confirming the booking.

It took most of the morning to read my emails.

Jack spent the evening writing emails and surfing the Internet.

She did not bother replying to his email.

The first thing I do every morning is check my email.

(=send an email you have received to someone else)

Can you please forward this email on to Chris?

(=send it quickly, especially because you are angry about something)

I fired off an email to the hotel, saying how disgusted I was with their level of service.

(=one sent to several people at the same time)

Those group emails telling you who is leaving and joining the company are so boring.

Don’t open an email attachment unless you know who sent it.

a system that allows you to send and receive messages by computer

It’s usually best to contact him by email.

一般最好用电子邮件和他联络。

a message that is sent from one person to another using the email system

Send me an e-mail when you have any news.

你一有消息就发电子邮件给我。


email

你能就此事给我发个电子邮件吗？

Can you email me the proposal by the end of today?

你能在今天下班前把提议用电子邮件发送给我吗？


embargo

The UN imposed an embargo on trade with the military regime.

Britain favours lifting the embargo on humanitarian grounds.

(=trade with a country illegally when there is an embargo)

It has been almost impossible to stop countries breaking the embargo.

(=make an embargo stricter and more difficult to break)

We are taking further action to tighten the embargo.

There is a complete embargo on arms sales to governments that violate human rights.

The new measures include a strict embargo on fuel.

The EU has threatened to impose a trade embargo on the US.

(=one that does not allow any trade or financial business with a country)

He asked for an immediate end to the economic embargo imposed last year.

(=one that stops weapons being sold or sent to a country)

Ministers knew that the arms embargo was being broken.

(=one that a group of countries agree to impose together)

Under the terms of the international embargo, medical aid can still be flown into the capital.

an official order to stop trade with another country

[impose/lift an embargo](bold)(=start or end one)

Many allies are pushing to lift the embargo.

许多盟国在努力推动贸易禁令的取消。


embargo

to officially stop particular goods being traded with another country

禁止与〔另一国家〕的贸易；下令禁运

Several countries embargoed arms shipments to Yugoslavia.

好几个国家对南斯拉夫实行武器禁运。

to stop information from being made public until a particular date or until permission is given

〔在某日期前或取得批准前〕禁止发表〔资料〕


embark

[embarkation](bold) /ˌembɑːˈkeɪʃən/ US /-bɑːr-/  n. <C,U>

to go onto a ship or a plane, or to put or take something onto a ship or plane

(使)上船[飞机]；（把 …）装船[飞机]


embarrass

to make someone feel ashamed, nervous, or uncomfortable, especially in front of other people

〔尤指在社交场合〕使尴尬，使窘迫

He didn’t want to embarrass her by asking questions.

to do something that causes problems for a government, political organization, or politician, and makes them look bad

给〔政府、政治组织或政治人物〕出难题；使陷入困境

The revelations in the press have embarrassed the government.

报纸披露的事实让政府很难堪。


embarrassed

feeling uncomfortable or nervous and worrying about what people think of you, for example because you have made a silly mistake, or because you have to talk or sing in public

I was really embarrassed when I arrived at the party an hour early.

There’s no need to be embarrassed – you’ve got a lovely voice.

embarrassed about your body or the way you look or talk

Paul had always been self-conscious about his big feet.

unable to relax because you are embarrassed and not sure what to say or do

There was a long silence and everyone at the table looked uncomfortable.

feeling embarrassed because you are in a situation in which it is difficult to behave naturally

Teenagers often feel awkward in formal social situations.

There were some awkward moments when neither of us knew what to say to each other.

slightly embarrassed because you know that you have done something silly or because you feel a little guilty

Nigel came in late looking sheepish and apologetic.

embarrassed or ashamed – used mainly in newspaper reports

A judge was left red-faced when his mobile phone rang in court.

extremely embarrassed and ashamed because you realize that you have done something very silly or wrong

He said he was mortified at the way his comments had been reported in the papers.

I was deeply embarrassed to see my mother arrive in a very short skirt.

The government must be acutely embarrassed by the minister’s behaviour.

Tom looked slightly embarrassed when his name was called out.

His family seemed somewhat embarrassed to be there.

(=in a way that is obvious to other people)

He was clearly embarrassed about what had happened.

I felt embarrassed that he had seen me cry.

The judge seemed embarrassed to be asking her such personal questions.

Sometimes I get embarrassed, and I start to stutter.

There was an embarrassed silence, then Gina laughed loudly.

Lucy gave an embarrassed smile and looked down at her feet.

Lori [gets embarrassed](bold) if we ask her to sing.

我们要是请洛丽唱歌，她就会难为情。

He [looked embarrassed](bold) when I asked him where he’d been.

我问他去了哪里，他显得很窘迫。

Michelle was [acutely embarrassed](bold)(=very embarrassed) at having to ask for money.

米歇尔不得不开口要钱，觉得难堪极了。

He was embarrassed to admit making a mistake.

他十分难堪地开口承认犯了一个错误。

I felt embarrassed about how untidy the house was.

家里太乱了，我感到难为情。


embarrassing

[embarrassingly](bold) adv. eg: an embarrassingly poor performance

making you feel ashamed, nervous, or uncomfortable

She asked a lot of [embarrassing questions](bold).

她问了许多令人尴尬的问题。

This incident is deeply embarrassing for the government.

这一事件让政府非常难堪。


embarrassment

To my great embarrassment, my dad started dancing.

This scandal could cause severe embarrassment to the government.

His behaviour was a source of considerable embarrassment to his family.

(=very strong and not lasting very long)

There was a moment of acute embarrassment when we realized people were watching.

His resignation should save the government any further embarrassment.

By dropping out of the competition, he was spared the potential embarrassment of losing.

He shuffled his feet around in obvious embarrassment.

Some of his jokes caused embarrassment to the older members of the audience.

This solution could help both countries avoid embarrassment.

She started laughing in an attempt to hide her embarrassment.

His views on immigration were a constant source of embarrassment to the party.

Your behaviour is becoming an embarrassment to the school.

He may be popular abroad, but he's considered an embarrassment at home.

The publication of the documents proved a severe embarrassment to the company.

This failure was a severe embarrassment to the government.

If the story is true, it could prove a huge embarrassment to the star.

This episode has been a serious embarrassment for the club.

Her memoirs were an acute embarrassment to the president.

The photograph was a considerable embarrassment to the royal family.

the feeling you have when you are embarrassed

She suffered extreme embarrassment at not knowing how to read.

她不识字，这让她难堪极了。

He could not [hide](bold) his [embarrassment](bold) at his children’s rudeness.

他无法掩饰自己孩子的无礼给他带来的难堪。

To her embarrassment, she couldn’t remember his name.

她想不起他的名字，感到很尴尬。

an event that causes a government, political organization etc problems, and makes it look bad

令政府[政治机构等]为难的事

The allegations have been an [acute embarrassment](bold)(=serious and severe embarrassment) to the prime minister.

这些指控令首相极其头痛。

The scandal was a further [source of embarrassment](bold) to the government.

丑闻让政府进一步陷入困境。

someone who behaves in a way that makes you feel ashamed, nervous, or uncomfortable

Tim’s drinking has made him an embarrassment to the whole family.

蒂姆的酗酒问题让全家人都为他难堪。

debts or a lack of money that causes problems for you

so many good things that it is difficult to decide which one you want

〔好东西〕多得不知道选哪个好


embassy

a group of officials who represent their government in a foreign country, or the building they work in

大使馆全体外交官员；大使馆


embed

[Embed](bold)  is usually passive when used as a transitive verb.

[past tense and past participle](italic) [embedded](bold) [present participle](italic) [embedding](bold)

to put something firmly and deeply into something else, or to be put into something in this way

A piece of glass was embedded in her hand.

if ideas, attitudes, or feelings etc are embedded, you believe or feel them very strongly

使〔思想、态度、感情等〕扎根

Feelings of guilt are [deeply embedded](bold) in her personality.

负罪感在她的性格里根深蒂固。

to put something such as a graphic  into a computer program or page on the Internet

将〔图表等〕嵌入〔计算机程序〕；把 …放入〔网页内〕


embody

[past tense and past participle](italic) [embodied](bold) [present participle](italic) [embodying](bold) [third person singular](italic) [embodies](bold)

to be a very good example of an idea or quality

代表，体现〔思想或品质〕

She embodies everything I admire in a teacher.

她具备了我所钦佩的教师该具备的一切素质。

The latest model embodies many new improvements.

最新款作了许多新的改进。


embrace

[Embrace](bold)  is a reciprocal verb. This type of verb is used when saying that two or more people or things do something that involves both or all of them. It does not need to have an object: They embraced.  In this sentence, [embrace](bold)  is intransitive and does not have an object.

You can also say: He embraced her. They embraced each other.  In these sentences, [embrace](bold)  is transitive.

to put your arms around someone and hold them in a friendly or loving way

to eagerly accept a new idea, opinion, religion etc

欣然接受，乐意采纳〔新思想、意见、宗教等〕

We hope these regions will embrace democratic reforms.

Most West European countries have embraced the concept of high-speed rail networks with enthusiasm.

大多数西欧国家都表现出极大的兴趣，欣然接受修建高速铁路网的想法。

to include something as part of a subject, discussion etc

This course embraces several different aspects of psychology.

这门课程涉及心理学的几个不同方面。


embrace

the act of holding someone close to you, especially as a sign of love

They held each other in a tender embrace.


emerge

if facts emerge, they become known after being hidden or secret

Later it emerged that the judge had employed an illegal immigrant.

后来查明，那个法官雇用了一名非法移民。

〔从困境中〕摆脱出来，出头

She emerged from the divorce a stronger person.

她走出离婚的阴影，变得更加坚强。

a religious sect that emerged in the 1830s

兴起于19世纪30年代的一个宗教派别

Local government has recently emerged as a major issue.

当地政府近来成为人们关注的主要问题。


emergence

when something begins to be known or noticed

the emergence of Japan as a world leader

when someone or something comes out of a difficult experience


emergency

Several fire crews were called to deal with the emergency at the power plant.

Do you think that you could cope with an emergency?

(=deal with and make decisions about an emergency)

There is always a doctor on call to handle emergencies.

If an emergency situation arises, the pilot and crew must stay calm.

(=things such as food and medicine that are given to people when they are in a very dangerous situation)

The charity made a television appeal for emergency aid to the region.

(=medical treatment given to someone when they have been injured or become ill suddenly)

The driver is undergoing emergency treatment at Park Royal Hospital.

(=a medical operation that is carried out quickly when someone has been injured or become ill suddenly)

He had an emergency operation to save his sight.

(=a meeting that is arranged quickly to discuss a very serious situation)

The cabinet held an emergency meeting earlier today.

(=a political meeting that is arranged quickly to discuss a very serious situation)

an emergency session of the UN Security Council

(=special actions that are taken to deal with a very serious situation)

The president announced emergency measures to deal with terrorism.

(=special powers that are given to the government, police, or army because there is a very serious situation)

The army was given emergency powers to help tackle the rising violence.

(=a situation which involves danger to people)

The police usually respond quickly to serious emergencies.

(=a situation that is very worrying or dangerous)

These weapons should be used only in an extreme emergency.

(=a dangerous situation that affects a large number of people)

In a major emergency, the national guard may be called in.

I left half an hour early in case of traffic jams or some other unforeseen emergency.

in case of emergency/in the event of an emergency

The fire-exit doors should only be opened in case of emergency.

an unexpected and dangerous situation that must be dealt with immediately

Lifeguards are trained to [deal with emergencies](bold).

救生员接受过应对紧急情况的训练。

The staff need to know what to do in an emergency.

员工需要了解紧急情况下该怎么办。

[In case of emergency](bold), press the alarm button.

遇到紧急情况，请按报警按钮。

[emergency exit/supplies etc](bold)(=used in an emergency)

$500,000 of [emergency aid](bold) for the victims of the earthquake

向地震灾民提供的50万美元紧急援助

The plane had to make an [emergency landing](bold).

那架飞机不得不紧急着陆。

The government called an emergency meeting to discuss the crisis.

政府召开了紧急会议，讨论这次危机。

→ [state of emergency](->state of emergency)


emigrate

[emigration](bold) /ˌemɪˈɡreɪʃ/  n. <C,U>

to leave your own country in order to live in another country

He emigrated to Australia as a young man.


eminent

an eminent person is famous, important, and respected

〔人〕著名的，杰出的，显赫的


emission

(=likely to cause harm to people or the environment)

The law is designed to limit harmful emissions.

By the end of the decade we could reduce toxic emissions by half.

The air is a toxic cocktail of exhaust fumes and noxious emissions from nearby factories.

California has introduced tough new standards for vehicle emissions.

The trees are being killed by acid rain and other industrial emissions.

sulphur dioxide/carbon dioxide/greenhouse gas etc emissions

The treaty calls for a 30% reduction in sulphur dioxide emissions.

an agreement to cut emissions of gases which contribute to global warming

The measures to control carbon dioxide emissions do not go far enough.

a gas or other substance that is sent into the air

Britain agreed to cut emissions of nitrogen oxide from power stations.

英国同意减少发电站氮氧化物的排放量。

the act of sending out light, heat, gas etc

〔光、热、气等的〕散发，排放


emit

[past tense and past participle](italic) [emitted](bold) [present participle](italic) [emitting](bold)

散发，发出〔气、热、光、声音等〕


emotion

Issues such as abortion arouse strong emotions.

The emotion was so intense that she spent most of the movie in tears.

(=having a very strong effect on someone)

(=strongly felt, but not always expressed)

He had never revealed these deep emotions to anyone.

Painful emotions, stored away in the patient’s memory, can suddenly come flooding back.

(=a very strong emotion that you feel suddenly)

She was filled with an overwhelming emotion of relief.

It’s not easy learning how to deal with negative emotions.

She had mixed emotions about seeing him again.

(=emotions that someone feels but does not express)

(=strong emotions that someone shows openly and does not control)

The crowd responded to his words with raw emotion.

the expression of human emotions through music and poetry

He didn’t show any emotion when I told him I was pregnant.

He had always found it difficult to express his emotions.

Seeing him with his new wife, she felt emotions that she did not want to feel again.

Laura could not hide her emotions, or pretend to feel something she did not.

(=deliberately try to make people have strong feelings)

His speech roused the crowd and stirred up their emotions.

(=showing or feeling strong emotions, especially sadness)

When she spoke, Nellie’s voice was full of emotion.

(=feel an emotion so strongly that you cannot behave normally)

As soon as I heard that song, I was overcome with emotion.

(=feel so much emotion that you cannot speak normally)

Mr Ford’s voice was choked with emotion as he addressed the mourners.

I find his books completely devoid of emotion.

(=an emotion that is shown clearly openly)

Such open displays of emotion made him feel uncomfortable.

He showed no sign of emotion as the guilty verdict was read out.

(=a very small sign that someone feels an emotion)

I thought I saw a flicker of emotion in his eyes.

A great surge of emotion swept through her when she learnt that he was safe.

She was surprised by the depth of her emotions.

George’s apparent lack of emotion was too much to bear.

a strong human feeling such as love, hate, or anger

She was good at [hiding](bold) her [emotions](bold).

Kim received the news without showing any visible [sign of emotion](bold).

金接到消息时丝毫不露声色。


emotional

[emotionally](bold) adv. eg: Nursing is an emotionally and physically demanding job.

causing people to have strong feelings – used especially about experiences, speeches, or subjects that people have strong feelings about

Returning home after a year in hospital was an emotional experience for Katy.

He gave an emotional speech at the funeral.

Abortion rights is a highly emotional issue.

used about issues or language that make people have strong feelings

Fox hunting is a very emotive issue in Britain.

‘Indoctrination’ is rather an emotive word.

making you feel strong feelings of sadness or sympathy

Kelly’s book about her illness is deeply moving.

making you feel slightly emotional – used especially when someone does something that shows how much they care about another person

My son phoned me to wish me good luck, which was a touching gesture.

making you feel strong feelings of sadness or pity, especially when you remember something in the past

Her youthful expression is a poignant reminder of the passing of time.

dealing with emotions such as love and sadness in a way that seems silly

relating to your feelings or how you control them

情绪(上)的，情感(上)的

She provided [emotional support](bold) at a very distressing time for me.

在我非常痛苦的时候，她是我的情感支柱。

Ann suffered from depression and a number of other [emotional problems](bold).

安患了抑郁症，还遇到一些其他的情绪问题。

the physical and [emotional state](bold) of the patient

Abortion is a very [emotional issue](bold).

The funeral was a very [emotional experience](bold) for all of us.

那次葬礼对我们大家来说都是一次无比伤感的经历。

having strong feelings and showing them to other people, especially by crying

情绪激动的〔尤通过哭泣表达〕

He became very emotional when we had to leave.

当我们不得不离开时，他非常伤感。

influenced by what you feel, rather than what you know

an [emotional response](bold) to the problem


empathy

[empathetic](bold) /ˌempəˈθetɪk◂/  also: empathic /emˈpəθɪk/  adj.

the ability to understand other people’s feelings and problems