judge

to form an opinion about someone or something, using your knowledge, experience, and intelligence

He will judge whether the project has been a success.

It’s difficult to judge how long the work will take.

to judge how good, bad, successful etc someone or something is, especially by using a fixed set of standards. [Assess](bold) is often used about measuring students’ abilities and performance

Are tests and exams the best way to assess students’ progress?

The insurance company will send someone to assess the damage.

to judge how good, bad, successful etc someone or something is, especially by carefully examining all the information about them. [Evaluate](bold) is often used about the work of people doing research

The data from the study is still being evaluated.

The test is used to evaluate the effects of pesticides on domestic bees.

to judge people’s opinions or feelings about something, or to measure the effect, importance etc of something. [Gauge](bold) is often used when talking about getting a general idea of what something is like

A meeting was arranged in order to gauge the opinions of pupils, parents and teachers.

It' s too early to gauge the impact of the oil price rises on people’s spending.

Without further information it is impossible to gauge the full extent of the problem.

to judge how successful, effective etc someone or something is, especially by comparing their good and bad points

Twice a year, managers appraise the performance of employees.

This research aims to appraise the effectiveness of different kinds of public sector financial assistance.

On what basis will a teacher be appraised?

The economic results of the reforms are difficult to judge.

How much this affected their children was impossible to judge.

His behaviour, judged objectively by what he has done, is dishonest.

Do not judge her too harshly; she was very young at the time.

It takes a lot of experience to judge correctly what is needed.

(=according to what you see when you look at it, rather than what people tell you)

The arguments should be judged on their merits.

It is difficult to judge progress on the basis of a single day.

(=think that something is the best thing to do)

Robert wanted to go and help him, but judged it best to stay where he was.

(=consider that it is safe to do something)

He listened for some time before judging it safe to go downstairs.

[past tense and past participle](italic) [judged](bold) [present participle](italic) [judging](bold)

to form or give an opinion about someone or something after thinking carefully about all the information you know about them

〔认真考虑后〕认为，判断，断定，评价

You should never judge a person by their looks.

Judge us on the improvements we make in the economy.

请根据我们在经济方面取得的进步来评价我们。

The therapist [judged that](bold) Margaret had made a serious attempt to kill herself.

治疗专家诊断玛格丽特曾真的企图自杀。

pollutants that were judged hazardous to human health

被认为对人体健康有害的污染物

I am in no position to [judge whether](bold) what she is doing is right or wrong.

我无权评判她在做的事是对是错。

The economic results of the reforms are very [difficult to judge](bold).

这些改革所带来的经济成效很难评价。

The likelihood of future bombs was [impossible to judge](bold).

未来发生爆炸案的可能性无法预测。

We [judge the success of](bold) a product by the number of sales it brings in.

我们以销量来评价一种产品成功与否。

His conduct, [judged objectively](bold)  by what he has done, is dishonest.

他的行为，从他所做的这一切客观地来评价，是不诚实的。

Robert wanted to go and help him, but [judged it best to](bold) stay where he was.

罗伯特想过去帮他，但考虑之后还是觉得待在原地为妙。

Do not [judge](bold) her too [harshly](bold), as she was very young at the time.

对她的评价不要太苛刻，毕竟那时候她还很年轻。

used to say that you are making a guess based on what you have just seen, heard, or learned

依据某事〔所见、所闻或所学〕来判断

Judging by his jovial manner, he must have enjoyed his meal.

从他愉快的样子来看，他这顿饭肯定吃得很开心。

Judging from what you say in your letter, you don’t sound well.

根据你来信中所写的情况来看，你好像不大好。

to decide on the result of a competition

I had the difficult task of judging the competition.

我担任此次比赛的裁判，任务艰巨。

Competitors will be judged on speed and accuracy.

参赛选手评分将依据速度和精确性作出。

to form an opinion about someone, especially in an unfair or criticizing way

〔尤指以不公正或批评的方式〕（对 …）作出评价

He just accepts people for what they are and he doesn’t judge them.

别人是怎样就怎样，他不妄作评论。

to decide whether someone is guilty of a crime in court

used to say that you do not think someone has the right to give their opinion about something

轮不到某人来评判〔用于表示某人没有权利对某事发表意见〕

Was it the right decision? It’s not for us to judge.

这个决定是否正确？这轮不到我们来评论。

used to say that you think what you are saying is true, but you are not sure

据我判断〔用于表示相信自己说得没错，但没有十足把握〕

used to say that you should not form an opinion based only on the way something looks

勿只凭外表判断；勿以貌取人


judgment

→ [last judgment](->last judgment) → [value judgment](->value judgment) [sit in judgment](bold) at → [sit](->sit) sense 10

It's too soon to make a judgment about what the outcome will be.

I prefer to form my own judgments, rather than relying on other people's opinions.

Our aim is to help him, not to pass judgment on what he has done.

Why don't you reserve judgment until you have finished the book?

(=make a judgment because of something )

His judgment was based on bad information.

People are always making moral judgments about weight loss.

In my business, I often have to make snap judgments about people.

(=even though you think your action might be wrong)

I lent him the money, against my better judgment.

an opinion that you form, especially after thinking carefully about something

〔认真思考后的〕意见，看法，评价

It’s too soon to [make a judgment](bold) about what the outcome will be.

现在就判断结果会怎样还为时过早。

In my judgment, we should accept his offer.

依我看，我们应该接受他的报价。

[pass judgment (on sth)](bold)(=give your opinion, especially a negative one)

我们的目的是要帮助他，而不是对他做的事说三道四。

I’d advise you to [reserve judgment](bold)(=not decide your opinion before you have all the facts).

[against your better judgment](bold)(=even though you do not think it is a sensible thing to do)

尽管我觉得不妥，但还是把钱借给了他。

the ability to make sensible decisions about what to do and when to do it

I’ve known him for years and I trust his judgment.

我与他相识多年，相信他的判断力。

The minister showed a lack of political judgment.

那位大臣显得缺乏政治判断力。

a decision based on [sound judgment](bold)(=good judgment)

以良好的判断力为基础的决定

Watch carefully and [use](bold) your [judgment](bold).

仔细观察并运用自己的判断力。

[error of judgment](bold) at → [error](->error) sense 3

an official decision given by a judge or a court of law

〔法官或法庭的〕审判，判决

The company were fined £6 million, following a recent [court judgment](bold).

根据最近作出的法庭判决，这家公司被罚款600万英镑。

something bad that happens to someone and seems like a punishment for the things they have done wrong

（对某人/某事的）报应[天谴]

a decision you have to make yourself because there are no fixed rules in a situation

〔指由于没有既定规章可循而作出的〕自行决定


judo

a Japanese sport or method of defence, in which you try to throw your opponent onto the ground


jug

a container with a wide curved opening at the top and a handle, used especially at meals for pouring liquids

a deep round container with a very narrow opening at the top and a handle, used for holding liquids

〔细口带柄的〕大壶，大罐

the amount of liquid that a jug will hold


juggle

[balancing/juggling act](bold) at → [act](->act) 1 sense 12

to keep three or more objects moving through the air by throwing and catching them very quickly

有个家伙在同时抛接五个球。

to try to fit two or more jobs, activities etc into your life, especially with difficulty

It’s hard trying to juggle a job with kids and the housework.

既要上班，又要带孩子、做家务，这是很难应付过来的。

to change things or arrange them in the way you want, or in a way that makes it possible for you to do something

If I juggle these appointments around, I can fit you in.

我把这些预约调整一下，就能把你安排进去。


juice

[stew in your own juice](bold) at → [stew](->stew) 2 sense 2

the liquid that comes from fruit and vegetables, or a drink that is made from this

a [carton of](bold) orange [juice](bold)

the liquid that comes out of meat when it is cooked

the liquid inside your stomach that helps you to digest food

something that produces power, such as petrol or electricity


juice

to get the juice out of fruit or vegetables


juicy

[comparative](italic) [juicier](bold) [superlative](italic) [juiciest](bold)

interesting or shocking information, especially about people’s sexual behaviour

〔尤与性行为有关的〕绘声绘色[耸人听闻]的流言/细节/描述等

involving work that is enjoyable and satisfying

She’s been trying to get a really juicy role for years.

多年来她一直在寻觅真正让自己满意的角色。


July

[n](bold) <[C,U](bold)> written abbreviation: Jul.

the seventh month of the year, between June and August

去年7月劳拉来到英格兰。

Two months later, on July 6th, he fired Owens.

两个月之后，在7月6日，他把欧文斯辞退了。

“音乐会是什么时候？” “7月6日。”


jump

to push yourself up into the air, over something etc, using your legs

His horse jumped the fence successfully.

to move forwards with little jumps between your steps, especially because you are feeling happy

The little girl was skipping down the street.

He was hopping around because he’d injured his foot.

Tina leapt onto the boat as it was moving away.

to jump up and down several times, especially on something that has springs in it

to jump into water with your head and arms first

to jump over something in one movement, using your hands or a pole to help you

He vaulted the ticket barrier and ran for the exit.

to push yourself up into the air, or over or away from something etc, using your legs

Fans were [jumping up and down](bold)(=jumping repeatedly) and cheering.

[jump clear (of sth)](bold)(=jump out of danger)

We managed to jump clear of the car before it hit the wall.

在汽车撞上墙之前，我们设法从车里跳了出去。

to go over or across something by jumping

He jumped the gate, landing on the concrete.

他跳过大门，落到了水泥地上。

to let yourself drop from a place that is above the ground

The cats [jumped down](bold) and came to meet us.

这些猫跳下来，过来迎接我们。

Three people saved themselves by jumping from the window.

三人从窗户跳下，捡回了性命。

to move quickly or suddenly in a particular direction

〔朝某方向〕快速[突然]移动

我们都跳上了一辆出租车。

She [jumped to](bold) her [feet](bold) and left.

to make a quick sudden movement because you are surprised or frightened

〔因惊讶或害怕而〕突然一跳

马西娅吓了一跳。“那是什么声音？”

Sorry, I didn’t mean to [make](bold) you [jump](bold)(=surprise or frighten you).

对不起，我不是有意吓你一跳的。

Don’t shout. I nearly [jumped out of](bold) my [skin](bold)(=was very shocked or frightened)!

别叫。我差点吓得跳起来！

to increase or improve suddenly and by a large amount

Profits jumped to £2.6 million last year.

去年利润猛增至260万英镑。

Norway jumped from ninth to third place.

挪威从第九位跃升至第三位。

→ Do not say that an amount, level, price etc ‘jumps up’. Say that it [jumps](bold).

to change quickly and often from one idea, place, position etc to another – used to show disapproval

〔经常〕突然改变，不断转换〔含贬义〕

Cathy kept jumping from one topic to another.

凯茜老是从一个话题突然转到另一个话题。

I’ve been jumping about the file instead of working straight through it.

我随意翻看了这份文件，没有从头看到尾。

to move suddenly to a further part of a book, discussion etc leaving out the part in between

I’m afraid I jumped a couple of chapters.

The movie suddenly [jumped ahead](bold) to the future.

影片情节一下子跳到了未来。

if a machine or piece of equipment jumps, it moves suddenly because something is wrong with it

〔机器或设备因故障而〕突然跳动

Why does the video keep jumping like this?

这录像为什么老是这样跳片？

Somebody jumped him in the park last night.

他昨天晚上在公园里遭人袭击。

to form an opinion about something before you have all the facts

〔在掌握全部事实之前〕仓促下结论

There may be a simple explanation. Let’s not jump to conclusions.

也许理由很简单，我们还是不要仓促下结论。

to start doing something too soon, especially without thinking about it carefully

〔没有认真考虑而〕过早地行动

to go in front of others who are already waiting in a line – used to show disapproval

插队，不按秩序排队〔含贬义〕

to do a series of things that are difficult or annoying, but that are necessary in order to achieve something

〔为达到目的而〕作出很大努力，经受磨难

We had to jump through hoops to get our visas in time.

为了及时获得签证，我们只得下一番苦功。

to leave an organization that you are working for, especially in order to join another

跳槽，离职〔尤指为加入其他机构〕

The best employees jumped ship at the first opportunity.

最优秀的员工一有机会就跳槽了。

to leave a ship on which you are working as a sailor, without permission

to leave a town, city, or country where a court of law has ordered you to stay until your trial11

used to order someone to do something immediately

赶快！〔命令某人立即做某事〕

滚开！〔粗鲁地叫某人离开〕

if a train jumps the rails, it suddenly goes off the metal tracks it is moving along

to drive through red traffic lights without stopping

to travel on a train, especially a freight train, without paying

if a television series jumps the shark, something silly happens in it and from that time people stop thinking it is good

〔某电视连续剧〕突然失去吸引力，从此变糟，烂尾


jump

→ [high jump](->high jump) → [long jump](->long jump) → [ski jump](->ski jump) → [triple jump](->triple jump) [take a running jump](bold) at → [running](->running) 2 sense 8

an act of pushing yourself suddenly up into the air using your legs

a dancer famous for his impressive jumps

一位以其出色的跳跃闻名的舞蹈家

an act of letting yourself drop from a place that is above the ground

Douglas made his first 10,000-foot parachute jump yesterday.

昨天道格拉斯进行了他的首次一万英尺跳伞。

a sudden large increase in an amount or value

a large or sudden change, especially one that improves things

巨大[突然]的变化〔尤指改善〕

The new law is a great [jump forward](bold) for human rights.

这部新法律是人权领域的一大进步。

if you wake, sit up etc with a jump, you do it very suddenly because you are surprised or shocked

〔因感到意外或吃惊而〕突然，猛然

She woke with a jump, hearing a noise downstairs.

她听到楼下有声音，一下子醒了。

to keep your advantage over the people you are competing with by always being the first to do or know something new

〔因先行动或先知道而〕保持(对竞争对手的)领先优势

a fence, gate, or wall that a person or horse has to jump over in a race or competition

〔比赛中需要跳过的〕障碍物

Her horse [cleared](bold) all [the jumps](bold) in the first round.

她的马在第一轮比赛中跃过了所有的障碍物。

to gain an advantage, especially by doing something earlier than usual or earlier than someone else

〔尤因先做而〕取得对某人/某事的优势

I want to get a jump on my Christmas shopping.

我想提早一步开始圣诞节购物。


jumper

a piece of clothing made of wool that covers the upper part of your body and arms

a dress without sleeves usually worn over a shirt

〔通常穿在衬衣外面的〕无袖连衣裙


junction

a place where one road, track etc joins another

〔公路、铁路等的〕连接点，会合处，交叉口

the junction of Abbot Road and Mill Street

阿伯特路与米尔街的交叉口

40号高速公路上的第5交叉口


June

[n](bold) <[C,U](bold)> written abbreviation: Jun.

the sixth month of the year, between May and July

第一轮将于6月6日举行。


jungle

→ [concrete jungle](->concrete jungle) [law of the jungle](bold) at → [law](->law) sense 8

a thick tropical forest with many large plants growing very close together

a situation in which it is difficult to become successful or get what you want, especially because a lot of people are competing with each other

竞争激烈的情形〔尤因竞争者众多〕

something that is very untidy, complicated, or confusing

杂乱无章的一堆，乱七八糟的一丛

杂乱交错的高速公路和公路

丛林音乐〔一种快速舞蹈音乐〕


junior

having a low rank in an organization or profession

〔在组织或行业中〕级别低的，职位低的，初级的

There are several people junior to me (=with a lower rank than me).

relating to sport for young people below a particular age

relating to a school for children below the age of 11

低年级的〔学校里低于11岁的学童〕

relating to the year before the final year of high school or college

〔高中或四年制大学〕三年级(学生)的

the second semester of my [junior year](bold)


junior

(also: [be sb’s junior by two/five/ten etc years](bold) )

to be two, five, ten etc years younger than someone

比某人小两岁/五岁/十岁等

She married a man seven years her junior.

她嫁给了一个比她小七岁的男人。

a young person who takes part in sport for people below a particular age

The juniors use the courts on Tuesday night.

青少年运动员在星期二晚上使用这些球场。

someone who has a low rank in an organization or profession

a student in the year before the final year of high school or college

〔高中或四年制大学的〕三年级学生

→ [freshman](->freshman) → [senior](->senior) 2 sense 1 → [sophomore](->sophomore)

a name used humorously when speaking to or about a boy or a younger man, especially your son

男孩；年轻男子；〔尤指〕儿子〔幽默用法〕


junk

old or unwanted objects that have no use or value

→ Do not use [junk](bold) when you are talking about things such as empty packets, cans, and bottles that are left in a public place. Use [litter](bold)[Don’t drop litter in the street.](italic)


junk

to get rid of something because it is old or useless


jury

At that time, black people were not allowed to serve on juries.

The defence lawyer stood up to address the jury.

The judge directed the jury to find her not guilty.

The jury heard how the attack followed an argument in a bar.

(=decides if someone is guilty or not guilty)

He was acquitted by a jury when the case came to court.

The jury convicted him of two fraud charges.

Only three members of the jury were women.

(=the jury's leader, who announces its decision)

The foreman of the jury announced a guilty verdict.

Defendants have a right to trial by jury.

(=one that cannot agree whether someone is guilty of a crime)

(=one that decides the cause of someone's death)

The inquest jury decided that he died accidentally by falling out of a train door.

(=one that decides whether someone must be judged in a court )

Their business practices are now being investigated by a grand jury.

The government proposed changes to the jury system.

(=when you have to spend time on a jury)

He has been called for jury service in July.

Should all accused people have a jury trial?

a group of often 12 ordinary people who listen to the details of a case in court and decide whether someone is guilty or not

〔由12名公民组成的〕陪审团

[sit/serve on a jury](bold)(=be part of a jury)

a group of people chosen to judge a competition

〔竞赛的〕裁判委员会，评审团

used to say that something has not been finally decided

Is it good value? The jury is still out on that.

这样合算吗？现在还不好说。


just

[just the same](bold) at → [same](->same) 2 sense 3 [just in case](bold) at → [case](->case) 1 sense 3 [just my luck](bold) at → [luck](->luck) 1 sense 12 [might just as well](bold) at → [might](->might) 1 sense 9

[Just](bold)  comes before a main verb: I just saw him.

[Just](bold)  comes after ‘be’ when it is the main verb: She is just seventeen.

[Just](bold)  comes after the first auxiliary verb: I have just seen him.
Don’t say: [I just have seen him.](strike)

A good strong cup of coffee is just what I need right now.

我现在正需要喝一杯浓浓的咖啡。

The house was large and roomy; just right for us.

那幢房子大而宽敞，正合我们的需要。

Just what do you think you’re trying to do?

[Just then](bold)(=exactly at that moment), Mrs Robovitch appeared at the bedroom door.

就在那时，罗博维奇太太出现在卧室门口。

[Just as](bold)(=at the exact moment when) I opened the door, the telephone started to ring.

就在我开门时，电话铃响了。

A nice hot bath – [just the thing](bold)(=exactly the right thing) to relax sore muscles.

洗个舒服的热水澡，那正是缓解肌肉酸痛的好方法。

nothing more than the thing, amount, action etc that you are mentioning

It’s nothing serious – just a small cut.

不要紧，只不过是个小伤口。

Don’t be too hard on him – he’s just a kid.

不要对他太苛刻——他只是个孩子。

It’s not just me – there are other people involved as well.

不光是我，还有其他人也牵扯其中。

In written English, people often prefer to use [simply](bold)  rather than [just](bold) , which sounds rather informal:

It’s [simply](bold) a question of priorities.

→see THESAURUS at [recently](->recently)

John’s just told me that he’s getting married.

约翰刚刚告诉我他要结婚了。

此刻，现在；(正在)那时

He was just leaving when the phone rang.

他正准备离开时，电话铃响了。

I’m just finishing my homework – it won’t take long.

我就快做完作业了，很快。

It was just wonderful to see Joyce again.

能够再见到乔伊斯真是太好了。

only by a small amount, time, distance etc

〔数量、时间、距离等〕就，只〔相差一点点〕

We moved here just after our son was born.

儿子出生后我们就搬到这儿来了。

就在她去世前我还见过她。

used to show that something which happens almost does not happen

He just managed to get home before dark.

We could just see the coast of France in the distance.

我们勉强能够看到远处的法国海岸线。

Those pants [only just](bold) fit you now.

那条裤子你现在穿勉强合身。

She was earning [just enough](bold) money to live on (=enough but not more than enough).

Just about everybody will be affected by the tax increases.

几乎每个人都将受到加税的影响。

I love this country just as much as you do.

我和你一样热爱这个国家。

used to say that someone has to do something because nothing else is possible

〔别无选择而〕只好做某事

We’ll just have to watch and see what happens.

我们只好静观事态的发展。

You just have to accept things and get on with your life.

你只能接受事实，继续过日子。

used to emphasize that you are talking about a particular thing or person that is especially good or important

不是随便哪一种〔强调所提到的是特别好或重要的事物或人〕

For the best results, use olive oil. Not just any olive oil, mind – only the finest quality will do.

要获得最佳效果就要使用橄榄油。注意，不是随便哪一种橄榄油都可以，只有质量最好的才行。

if you would just as soon do something, you would prefer to do it

I’d just as soon stay at home – I don’t really enjoy parties.

我宁愿留在家里，我不大喜欢参加派对。

You could try Renee. She might just know where they live now.

你问勒妮试试看，她可能知道他们现在住哪儿。

I can’t leave just yet. I’ve still got a couple of letters to write.

我这会儿还不能走，我还有几封信要写。

used to say that, although one thing is true, another thing is not necessarily true

不能因为 …就，尽管 …也不可以

Just because you’re older than me, it doesn’t mean you can tell me what to do.

不能因为你岁数比我大，就可以对我指手画脚。

used to ask someone to wait for a short time while you do something

请稍等〔用于做某事时请别人等一等〕

Just a minute, I’ll see if I can find it for you.

请稍等，我来看看能否帮你找到它。

used to interrupt someone in order to ask them something, disagree with them etc

且慢〔用于打断别人的话，以询问某事或表示不同意等〕

Just a minute! How do I know you’re not telling me a pack of lies?

且慢！我怎么知道你对我不是谎话连篇呢？

used when politely asking something or telling someone to do something

〔用于礼貌地请求某事或请某人做某事〕

Could I just say a few words before we start?

开始之前，我能否说几句话？

Would you just explain to us how the system works.

你能否为我们解释一下这个系统是如何运作的？

used when firmly telling someone to do something

〔用于严厉地命令某人做某事〕

喂，把你的嘴闭上一会儿！

Now, just listen to what I’m telling you.

喂，听好我在跟你讲的话。

used when explaining the reason for something, especially when someone thinks there is a different reason

只是〔用来说明原因，尤其在有人认为另有原因时使用〕

No, I do like Chinese food. It’s just that I’m not hungry.

不，我是喜欢中国菜的，只是我不饿。

Where have my glasses gone? I had them just now.

我的眼镜哪里去了？我刚才还戴着呢。

We’re busy just now – can you come back later?

我们现在很忙，你过一会儿再来好吗？

used to tell someone to imagine or look at the same thing that you are imagining or looking at

且想想/想象一下/且看看

Just think – in a week we’ll be lying on a beach in the sun!

想想吧，一星期后我们就躺在沙滩上晒太阳了！

used to say that it is fortunate that something is true or happened because otherwise there would be problems

It’s just as well we’d prepared everything beforehand.

幸亏我们事先把一切都准备好了。

used to strongly agree with something someone has said about a person or thing

没错，的确〔对某人的话表示强烈赞同〕

‘He’s a selfish, rude, ignorant man!’ ‘Isn’t he just!’

“他是个自私、粗鲁又无知的家伙！” “可不是嘛！”

with everything arranged neatly and tidily

她的房子总是井井有条的。

‘You should have beaten them, shouldn’t you?’ ‘Just so.’

“你本来应该赢他们的，是不是？” “就是嘛。”


just

[justly](bold) adv. eg: These men are criminals, but they must be dealt with justly. eg: an achievement of which we can be justly proud

Henry sincerely believed that he was fighting a just war.

亨利真心认为他在打一场正义的战争。

Charlemagne was respected as a just ruler.

查理曼作为一位公正的统治者，受到大家敬重。

他们忠诚服务所应得的奖励

What would be a just punishment for such a crime?

I hope that he’s caught and [gets his just deserts](bold)(=is punished in the way he deserves).

我希望他被抓住并受到应有的惩罚。


justice

[rough justice](bold) at → [rough](->rough) 1 sense 16

the system by which people are judged in courts of law and criminals are punished

司法制度；审判；法律制裁

a book on the [criminal justice system](bold)

一本有关刑事审判制度的书

The killers will be [brought to justice](bold)(=caught and punished).

这些杀人犯将被绳之以法。

Acts of terrorism must not [escape justice](bold).

恐怖主义行为必定难逃法律制裁。

→ [miscarriage of justice](->miscarriage of justice)

Children have a strong [sense of justice](bold).

His people came to him [demanding justice](bold).

他的手下来找他，寻求公正。

the quality of being right and deserving fair treatment

没有人怀疑我们事业的正当性。

to treat or represent someone or something good, beautiful etc in a way that is as good as they deserve

公平对待某人/某物；充分展现某人/某物的最佳素质

No words can do justice to the experience.

无法用言语来描述此次经历。

to do something such as a test well enough to show your real ability

〔在考试等中〕充分发挥自己的能力

Sara panicked in the exam and didn’t do herself justice.

萨拉考试时惊慌失措，未能充分发挥自己的水平。

used to say that someone has been treated fairly or has been given a punishment they deserve


justification

ˌdʒʌstɪfɪˈkeɪʃən

ˌdʒʌstɪfɪˈkeɪʃən

a good and acceptable reason for doing something

正当的理由，可接受的理由

There is [no justification for](bold) holding her in jail.

Hoggart felt, [with some justification](bold), that his colleagues had let him down.

霍加特觉得同事令他失望，这是有理由的。

in order to explain why an idea or action is right

作为(对某人/某事的)辩解

He made a speech in justification of his actions.

他发表了一段讲话来为自己的行为辩解。


justified

having an acceptable explanation or reason

有合理解释的，有正当理由的

In the Chief Constable’s view, the use of force was [fully justified](bold).

在警察局局长看来，使用武力是完全正当的。

Under the circumstances, the principal was justified in expelling this student.

在这种情况下，校长完全有理由开除这名学生。

used to describe a page where the words form a straight edge on the right or left side of the page

〔页面文字〕右侧/左侧对齐的


justify

[past tense and past participle](italic) [justified](bold) [present participle](italic) [justifying](bold) [third person singular](italic) [justifies](bold)

to give an acceptable explanation for something that other people think is unreasonable

证明〔别人认为不合理的事〕有道理；为 …辩护

Ministers must appear before Parliament and justify their actions.

大臣们必须就自己的行为向议会作出解释。

How can we justify spending so much money on arms?

我们怎么才能解释花那么多钱购买武器是正当的呢？

justify yourself (=prove that what you are doing is reasonable)

I don’t have to justify myself to you or anyone else.

我不需要为我的行为向你或任何人解释。

to be a good and acceptable reason for something

Nothing justifies murdering another human being.

什么都不能成为谋杀他人的正当理由。

to arrange lines of words on a page or computer screen so that they form a straight edge on both the right and left sides


karate

a Japanese fighting sport, in which you use your feet and hands to hit and kick


keen

[keenly](bold) adv. eg: I was keenly aware of the dangers.

You are [keen on](bold)  something or [keen on doing](bold)  something: We’re all very keen on sports.
Don’t say: [We’re all very keen of sports.](strike)

wanting to do something or wanting something to happen very much

The government is keen for peace talks to start again.

The chairman is keen that the company should expand its product range.

董事长非常希望公司能够增加产品种类。

[not too/not very/not that keen on sth](bold)

She likes Biology, but she’s not too keen on Physics.

她喜欢生物，但不大喜欢物理。

My flatmates want to have a party, but I’m not [keen on the idea](bold).

我同公寓的室友想办个派对，但我却不喜欢这个主意。

someone who is keen on something is very interested in it or enjoys doing it very much

[mad keen on sth](bold)(=very keen on something) [spoken](special)

I was mad keen on dinosaurs when I was little.

我小时候对恐龙非常着迷。

She takes [a keen interest in](bold) politics and current affairs.

她对政治和时事极感兴趣。

someone who is keen is eager to work or learn, and enjoys doing it

〔对工作或学习〕渴望的，热衷的

She was new in the job and [keen as mustard](bold)(=very keen).

她刚开始做这工作，热情很高。

a keen sense of smell or keen sight or hearing is an extremely good ability to smell etc

She has [a keen eye for](bold)(=is good at noticing) talent.

someone with a keen mind is quick to understand things

With her keen mind and good business sense, she soon became noticed.

凭着敏捷的思维和良好的商业头脑，她不久就引起了注意。

a keen feeling is one that is strong and deep

As she walked away, Joe felt [a keen sense of](bold) loss.

她走了，乔感到一阵强烈的失落感。

used to describe a situation in which people compete strongly

We won the contest in the face of [keen competition](bold).

面对激烈的竞争，我们还是赢得了比赛。

a keen knife or blade is extremely sharp


keen

to sing a loud sad song for someone who has died


keep

keep at
keep back
keep down
keep from
keep in
keep in with
keep off
keep on
keep to
keep up
keep up with

to leave something in one particular place so that you can find it easily

to put things away and keep them until you need them

Villagers have begun storing wood for the winter.

to keep something so that you can use or enjoy it in the future

He had been saving the bottle of champagne for a special occasion.

We can save the rest of the pie for later.

to store papers or information in a particular order or a particular place

All the contracts are filed alphabetically.

to get and keep objects of the same type because you think they are attractive or interesting

to keep something to be used when it is needed, especially something that many different people may need to use

Medical records are now usually held on computers.

to keep part of something for use at a later time during a process such as cooking

Reserve some of the chocolate so that you can use it for decorating the cake.

to keep large amounts of food, money etc because you think you may not be able to get them in the future – used when you do not approve of people doing this because it is not necessary or not fair to other people

People have been hoarding food and fuel in case there is another attack.

Rationing of basic food products was introduced to prevent hoarding.

[past tense and past participle](italic) [kept](bold) /kept/

to stay in a particular state, condition, or position, or to make someone or something do this

We huddled around the fire to keep warm.

You won’t be able to [keep](bold) it [secret](bold) forever.

Peter cycles to work to [keep fit](bold).

为了保持健康，彼得骑自行车上班。

Don’t [keep](bold) us [in suspense](bold) any longer!

The police put up barriers to keep the crowds back.

警方设置了障碍物来挡住人群。

If I were you, I’d keep away from that area at night.

要是我的话，晚上就不会去那个地区。

写着“危险，禁止入内”的告示牌

The little boy kept close to his mother.

那个小男孩总黏着他妈妈。

You keep out of this, Mother (=do not get involved). It’s no concern of yours.

妈妈，这事你别管。不需要你操心。

How can I cut your hair if you won’t [keep still](bold)!

你老是动来动去的，叫我怎么给你剪头发！

[keep left/right](bold)(=stay to the left or right of a path or road as you move)

[Keep](bold)  is used as a linking verb in this meaning. It links the subject of the sentence with an adjective: I try to keep busy. The fruit will keep fresh for several weeks.

to continue doing something or to do the same thing many times

I keep thinking about Joe, all alone in that place.

我老是想到乔，他独自一人在那种地方。

I keep telling you, but you won’t listen!

我一再跟你说，但你就是不肯听！

She pretended not to hear, and kept on walking.

她假装没听见，继续往前走。

[Keep](bold)  is followed by an [-ing](bold)  form, not an infinitive. You say: He kept talking to me.
Don’t say: [He kept to talk to me.](strike)

to have something and not give it back to the person who had it before

You can keep it. I don’t need it anymore.

to continue to have something and not lose it or get rid of it

We decided to keep our old car instead of selling it.

我们决定留着我们的旧汽车不卖。

我把他的信保留了许多年。

In spite of everything, Robyn’s managed to keep her sense of humor.

尽管发生了这一切，萝宾还是努力保持了她的幽默感。

George kept a bottle of whiskey under his bed.

乔治在床底下放了一瓶威士忌。

to make someone stay in a place, especially a prison or hospital

监禁，关押，拘留〔尤在监狱或医院里〕

He was kept in prison for a week without charge.

他在没有指控的情况下被关押了一个星期。

He should be here by now. What’s keeping him?

他现在本该到这儿了，什么事把他耽搁了？

to do what you have promised or agreed to do

我怎么知道你会说话算话？

patients who fail to [keep](bold) their [appointments](bold)

to not tell anyone about a secret that you know

我能相信你会保守秘密吗？

to not say anything in order to avoid telling a secret or causing problems

别把某事说出去/(对某事)保密

to regularly record written information somewhere

定期记录/记账/写日记等

to have or to give someone enough hope and emotional strength to continue living and doing things in a bad situation

(使某人)坚持活下去，(使某人)尽力维持下去

That woman’s been through such a lot – I don’t know how she keeps going.

那女人经历了这么多磨难，我不知道她是怎么坚持下来的。

Her letters were the only thing that kept me going while I was in prison.

我在监狱里的时候，她的信是我坚持下去的唯一动力。

if you keep a business, institution, regular event etc going, you keep it open or make it continue to happen

The library costs £5 million a year to run, and the council can’t afford to keep it going.

这家图书馆每年经费达500万英镑，市政会无力维持。

Persevere and keep going until you reach your ideal weight.

咬紧牙关坚持下去，直至达到你的理想体重为止。

if something keeps you going, it is enough to satisfy your need while you are waiting to get something bigger or better

I’ll have a biscuit to keep me going until dinner time.

我要吃一块饼干，好支撑到正餐时间。

if food keeps, it stays fresh enough to be eaten

Eat the salmon because it won’t keep till tomorrow.

把三文鱼吃了吧，搁不到明天的。

我们养了一些鸡和几头猪。

to stop other people from using something, so that it is available for someone

to make someone wait before you meet them or see them

[Sorry to keep you waiting](bold) – I got stuck in a meeting.

抱歉让你久等了——我刚才开会脱不了身。

to guard a place or watch around you all the time

He did not earn enough to keep a wife and children.

There’s enough money there to keep you in champagne for a year!

那些钱够你喝上一年的香槟！

His only thought was to [keep](bold) the child [from harm](bold).

他唯一的念头就是要保护孩子不受到伤害。

to be the player in a team whose job is to protect the goal or wicket

→ [goalkeeper](->goalkeeper) → [wicket keeper](->wicket keeper)

used to tell someone not to say anything or make any noise

Keep quiet! I’m trying to watch the game.

‘Hi, Mark! How are you keeping?’ ‘Oh, not so bad.’

“嗨，马克！你怎么样？”“噢，马马虎虎。”

used to tell someone to be more calm, patient etc

used to say that you do not want or are not interested in something

由某人去做某事〔表示你对某事不感兴趣〕

She can keep her wild parties and posh friends – I like the quiet life.

随她去参加各种狂野派对、交富贵朋友吧，我喜欢过安静的生活。

used to say that you can tell someone something or do something later

‘I don’t have time to listen now.’ ‘Don’t worry, it’ll keep.’

“我现在没时间听。”“别担心，以后再告诉你。”


keep

the cost of providing food and a home for someone

[earn your keep](bold)(=do things in return for the things that are provided for you)

It’s time you got a job and started earning your keep.

你该去找份工作养活自己了。

a large strong tower, usually in the centre of a castle


ketchup

a thick cold red sauce made from tomatoes that you put on food


kettle

a container with a lid, a handle, and a spout, used for boiling and pouring water

〔烧水、倒水用的〕水壶，壶

She filled the kettle and switched it on.

她把水壶灌满，打开了开关。

The kettle’s boiling (=the water in it is boiling).

[Put the kettle on](bold)(=start boiling water in a kettle), will you?

used to say that a situation is very different from one that you have just mentioned

She enjoys public speaking, but being on TV is a different kettle of fish.

她喜欢当众演讲，但上电视又是另一回事了。


key

Never hide your spare key under the doormat.

She left her car keys on the hall table.

She felt in her pocket for the front door key.

Sam turned the ignition key and drove slowly away.

He took out a huge bunch of keys and unlocked the door.

(=the key that opens a door/house/cupboard)

Has anyone seen the key to the garage door?

I put the key in the lock, but it wouldn’t turn.

He climbed into his car and turned the key.

(=move them so they make a ringing sound)

He walked off down the corridor, jangling his keys.

a small specially shaped piece of metal that you put into a lock and turn in order to lock or unlock a door, start a car etc

A [bunch of keys](bold) hung from his belt.

他的皮带上挂着一串钥匙。

I can lend you a [spare key](bold) to the store until you get one cut (=made).

在你配好钥匙之前，我可以借给你一把商店的备用钥匙。

→ Don’t say ‘the key of’ something. Say [the key to](bold) something.

the part of a plan, action etc that will make it possible for it to succeed

Working well as a team is [the key to success](bold).

良好的团队合作是成功的关键。

a discovery that may [hold the key](bold) to our understanding of the universe

也许能开启我们认识宇宙之门的一个发现

the buttons that you press on a computer keyboard to operate the computer

[hot key/shortcut key](bold)(=a special key on a computer, that does specific things)

the wooden or metal parts that you press on a piano and some wind instruments in order to play them

〔钢琴或某些管乐器上的〕键

a scale of notes that begins with one particular note, or the quality of sound this scale has

a list of the signs, colours etc used on a map or technical drawing etc that explains what they mean

the printed answers to a test or set of questions in a book

a small flat island, especially one that is part of a group near the coast

〔尤指靠近海岸的群岛中的〕小岛，低岛


key

A key factor in starting any business is its location.

Advertising is a key element in the success of a product.

Sanders played a key role in the team’s winning season.

What are the key areas of economic policy?

The environment became a key issue during the election.

She was a key figure in the election campaign.

He won’t leave key players out of the team.

(=someone who can give important information about a crime)

She will be a key witness in the murder trial.

Women made most of the key decisions about how money was spent in the household.

Once you know the key words, you can make your own sentence.

至关重要的；必不可少的；关键的

→see THESAURUS at [important](->important)   →see THESAURUS at [main](->main) 1

China’s support is key to the success of the coalition.

中国的支持是联盟成功的关键。

The president makes all the [key decisions](bold) on foreign policy.

外交政策上的所有重要决定都由总统作出。

[key role/player/figure etc](bold)(=one with a lot of influence on a result)

The show has been hit by the departure of key personnel.

由于主要人员离去，演出受到了影响。


key

if you key a win for your team, you help it win a game because you play very well

Abdul keyed the game with three touchdowns.

阿布杜尔三次触地得分，是赢得比赛的关键。

to prepare a surface so that a covering such as paint will stick to it

〔为涂油漆等〕将 …的表面处理好


keyboard

a board with buttons marked with letters or numbers that are pressed to put information into a computer or other machine

the row of keys on some musical instruments that you press in order to play them

an electronic musical instrument similar to a piano that can make sounds like many different instruments

Chris Kelly (guitar) and Benny Hayes (keyboards and vocals)

克里斯·凯利(吉他手)和本尼·海斯(键盘手和主唱)


keyboard

[keyboarding](bold) n. <U> eg: keyboarding errors

to put information into a computer, using a keyboard

用键盘(将 …)输入计算机


kick

kick (out) against
kick around
kick back
kick in
kick off
kick out

Billy was kicking a ball around the yard.

[kick sb in the stomach/face/shin etc](bold)

There was a scuffle and he kicked me in the stomach.

我们打起来了，他一脚踢在我肚子上。

to move your legs as if you are kicking something

He kicked off his shoes and lay back on the bed.

他踢掉鞋子，躺倒在床上。

a row of dancers kicking their legs in the air

做空中踢腿动作的一排舞蹈演员

A horse trotted past, kicking up dust from the road.

一匹马小跑而过，扬起了一路尘土。

used to say that you are annoyed with yourself because you have done something silly, made a mistake etc

〔因做了蠢事、犯了错等〕责备自己，生自己的气

You’ll kick yourself when I tell you the answer.

等我把答案告诉你，你会懊恼的。

United will be kicking themselves for missing several chances.

联队将因错过多次机会而自责。

to stop doing something that is a harmful habit, such as smoking, taking drugs etc

The scheme helps smokers to kick the habit.

to criticize or attack someone who is already in a weak or difficult position

The media can’t resist kicking a man when he’s down.

媒体忍不住要干落井下石的事。

(also: [kick sb in the stomach/pants](bold) ([AmE](bold)) )

to disappoint someone or treat them badly at a time when they need help

使某人非常失望，粗暴地对待某人〔指在其需要帮助之时〕

We all have times when life kicks us in the teeth.

我们都有生活不如意的时候。

We’re gonna kick San Francisco’s ass good tonight.

今晚我们要好好教训一下旧金山队。

used to say that someone or something is very good or impressive

Tucson pop band Shoebomb kick some serious ass.

图森市的流行乐队Shoebomb非常棒。

We were left kicking our heels for half the day.

to enjoy yourself a lot at a party, event etc

〔在聚会、活动等中〕玩得很高兴，尽情享乐

The charity ball is a chance to kick up your heels and help a good cause.

慈善舞会是让人既玩得痛快又能帮着做好事的一次机会。

to stop a plan or project before it is completed

A hitch resulted in the deal being kicked firmly into touch.

一个小问题使得这笔交易彻底中止了。

Won’t he kick up a fuss when he discovers they’re missing?

他发觉它们不见了的话会不会闹起来？

protesting violently or being very unwilling to do something

The company [was dragged kicking and screaming](bold) into the 21st century.

这家公司极不情愿地被拖进了21世纪。

to hurt someone very badly by kicking them many times

to hurt or damage yourself by trying to change something that cannot be changed

to move someone to a new job that seems to be more important than their last one, but that actually gives them less influence

把某人明升暗降，把某人提升到有职无权的职位上

to be having a romantic or sexual relationship with someone

My sources say that she was kicking it with Thomas while she was on tour.

我听到消息，说她在旅途中和托马斯好上了。

to start behaving badly by refusing to accept any control or rules

(开始)摆脱约束，不服管束


kick

Lifting her foot, she aimed a kick at her brother.

The only way to make the drinks dispenser work is to give it a good kick.

A hard kick to the knee could cause a lot of damage.

(=when someone raises their foot high into the air)

The dance routine was full of high kicks.

a movement of your foot or leg, usually to hit something with your foot

Brazil scored with the last kick of the match.

巴西队在全场比赛的最后一次射门进球了。

Rory [aimed a kick at](bold) her leg and missed.

罗里对准她的腿踢去，但没有踢到。

If the door won’t open, just [give](bold) it [a](bold) good [kick](bold).

如果门打不开的话，就使劲踢一脚。

the act of kicking the ball in a sports game such as football, or the ball that is kicked and the direction it goes in

〔球类比赛的〕踢球，踢出的球

Benjamin struck a post with an overhead kick.

本杰明一个倒钩球踢在门柱上。

[free/penalty kick](bold)(=an opportunity, allowed by the rules, for a player in one team to kick the ball without being stopped by the other team)

Pearce came forward to [take](bold) the free [kick](bold).

something that you enjoy because it is exciting

Gerald gets a kick out of dressing as a woman.

It gives her a kick to get you into trouble.

她以前经常从商店偷东西来寻求刺激。

criticism or strong encouragement to make someone do something they should have done

What Phil [needs](bold) is [a good kick up the arse](bold).

something that is very disappointing or upsetting that happens when you need support

〔需要支持时〕极度的失望[苦恼]

This broken promise is a real kick in the teeth for our fans.

这次食言真让我们的支持者极其失望。

used to talk about the strong effect of a drink or drug or the strong taste that some food has

〔酒、毒品、某些食物等的〕劲，刺激性，浓烈


kid

She’d always loved animals since she was a [little kid](bold).

A neighbor volunteered to keep an eye on [the kids](bold)(=their children or the children they are responsible for).

一位邻居主动来照看这些小孩。

[Kid](bold)  is informal. For formal or written styles use [child](bold) :

Research suggests that [children](bold) from abusive families are likely to repeat violent behaviour.

used by adults to address a person who is younger than them

年轻人〔成年人用以称呼比自己小的人〕

(also: [kid stuff](bold) ([AmE](bold)) )

轻而易举的事情；单调乏味的事

《宠物小精灵》？得了吧，小孩子看的玩意儿！

very soft leather made from the skin of a young goat

a way of treating someone kindly and carefully because they easily become upset

〔对待易生气者〕小心谨慎

I want you to treat Hayley with kid gloves today. She’s still upset about her father.

我希望你今天对海莉态度小心些，她还在为她父亲的事心烦。


kid

[past tense and past participle](italic) [kidded](bold) [present participle](italic) [kidding](bold)

to say something that is not true, especially as a joke

别生气，我只不过是开玩笑。

to make jokes or say funny things about someone in a friendly way

We were kidding Mom about being a grandmother.

我们逗妈妈说她要当祖母了。

My friends kidded me that my gear would fill the car.

朋友们取笑我，说我的东西要把车子塞满了。

no kidding?/are you kidding?/you’re kidding

used when you are so surprised by what someone has told you that you do not completely believe them

卡洛塔39岁了？不是开玩笑吧？

used to say that you understand and agree with what someone has just said

没错，可不是〔表示理解或同意别人的话〕

‘That girl has some major problems.’ ‘Yeah, no kidding.’

“那女孩有些严重的问题。”“对，没错。”

used to emphasize a threat or that you are telling the truth

If you break that thing, you’ll be grounded for a week – no kidding.

要是你把那东西打破了，就罚你一星期不许出门——绝不是开玩笑的。

And then he saw us and – no kidding – he asked us if we wanted a ride.

然后他就看到我们了，还问我们要不要搭便车，不骗你。

to let yourself believe something that is untrue or unlikely

你别自欺欺人地以为他会改变。

We thought we could change the world. Just [who were](bold) we [trying to kid](bold)?

我们自以为能够改变世界，我们这是在骗谁呢？

used to emphasize that you are telling the truth


kid

your kid sister or brother is younger than you are


kidnap

[kidnapper](bold) n. <C> eg: the hunt for the kidnapper

[kidnapping](bold) also: kidnap  n. <C,U> eg: a series of kidnappings

[past tense and past participle](italic) [kidnapped](bold) [present participle](italic) [kidnapping](bold) also [past tense and past participle](italic) [kidnaped](bold) [present participle](italic) [kidnaping](bold) ([AmE](bold))

to take someone somewhere illegally by force, often in order to get money for returning them

Police appealed for witnesses after a woman was kidnapped at gunpoint.

一名妇女遭到持枪绑架，警方呼吁目击者提供线索。


kidney

one of the two organs in your lower back that separate waste products from your blood and make urine

one or more of these organs from an animal, used as food

腰子〔指供食用的动物肾脏〕


kill

[dressed to kill](bold) at → [dressed](->dressed) sense 3

The driver and his passenger were killed in the crash.

to deliberately kill someone – used when talking about this as a crime

to kill someone without intending to – used when talking about this as a crime

The court ruled that the guard had committed manslaughter.

to deliberately kill an important person, especially a politician

He was part of a plot to assassinate Hitler.

to kill someone or something in a violent way – used in newspaper reports and also in old stories

Two teenagers were slain in the shootings.

The king was slain at the battle of Hastings.

to kill someone as a punishment for a crime

McVeigh, who killed 168 people in a bombing attack, was executed by lethal injection.

to kill someone in order to prevent them from causing trouble

a ruthless dictator who eliminated all his rivals

to kill someone in order to get rid of them, especially an enemy or someone who is causing trouble for you

US forces used air strikes to take out the enemy positions.

One of the other drug dealers may have decided to take him out.

He was so irritating I felt like bumping him off myself.

The settlers in Jamestown had been done away with, but no one knew how.

He committed suicide after the death of his girlfriend.

He had taken his own life while he was severely depressed.

They believe that it is a sin to take your own life.

Thousands of peaceful demonstrators were massacred by the soldiers.

to kill a large number of people in a violent way. [Slaughter](bold) is also used about killing animals for food

The army slaughtered thousands of civilians in an effort to stop the revolt.

to kill large numbers of a particular group, so that they no longer exist

Hitler’s goal was to exterminate the Jews.

Murray held a gun to his head and threatened to kill him.

默里拿枪指着他的头并威胁要杀了他。

Four people were killed when a train plunged into a flooded river.

火车冲进洪水泛滥的河中，造成四人身亡。

漂白剂能够杀灭日常病菌。

You’re going to kill yourself on that bike.

你骑那辆自行车会送命的。

After her husband died, Mary tried to kill herself.

丈夫去世后，玛丽曾试图自杀。

to work very hard to achieve something, in a way that makes you ill or tired

〔工作过分努力而〕累坏身体

It’s not worth killing yourself over it.

He about killed himself to make the business go.

为了维持生意，他几乎把身体累垮了。

to make something stop operating or fail

乔把车靠到路边停下，关闭了引擎。

The out-of-town shopping centre will kill local trade.

城外的购物中心将令本地商业难以为继。

我要是晚了，妈妈会大发脾气的。

to make someone feel annoyed, sad, concerned etc

看到他这么拼命工作，我担心得要命。

What happened next? [The suspense is killing me](bold).

接下来发生了什么？这一悬念真是要了我的命。

to want something so much that you will do almost anything to get it or do it

愿不惜一切得到某物，极想要某物

In those days, actors would kill to break into film.

那时候，演员都拼命想挤入电影界。

used to say that a part of your body is hurting a lot

I’ve walked miles and my feet are killing me.

我走了很远的路，脚痛得要命。

to spend time doing something which is not important, while you are waiting to do something important or waiting for something else to happen

With time to kill, he took a cab to the centre.

还有点时间可以消磨，于是他叫了一辆出租车去市中心。

to drink or finish drinking a beer etc quickly

灌下一杯啤酒/一瓶葡萄酒等

我们干了这些啤酒就走吧。

They weren’t bothered – in fact, they were killing themselves laughing.

他们并不在意，事实上他们简直笑破了肚皮。

it won’t/wouldn’t kill sb (to do something)

used to say that someone could easily do something, and ought to do it

(做某事)又不会要了某人的命〔因此应该去做〕

It wouldn’t kill you to help out once in a while.

偶尔帮别人一把又不会要了你的命。

used to emphasize that you are determined to do something, even though it is very difficult

I’m completing this course, even if it kills me.

哪怕再难，我也要完成这门课程。

一石二鸟，一举两得，一箭双雕

to destroy the thing that brings you profit or success

to welcome someone home with a big meal etc after they have been away for a long time

盛宴款待〔长期离家归来的人〕

to be too kind to someone, in a way that actually harms them

used to say that something you are going to do will be either successful or fail completely

不是一举成功，就是一败涂地；成败在此一举


kill

to come closer to something in order to kill, defeat, or destroy it

逐渐靠近以伺机杀死[击败，摧毁]

Enemy submarines were moving in for the kill.

敌人的潜艇正靠近目标准备攻击。

an animal that is killed by another animal

〔被其他动物杀死的〕猎获物

The cubs will share the remains of the kill.


killer

杀手；导致死亡的人[动物，事物]

Heart disease is America’s number one killer.

心脏病是美国人的头号杀手。

[serial killer](bold) at → [serial](->serial) 2 sense 1

something or someone that is very difficult, tiring, or boring

棘手的事［人］；极累人的事；极无聊的事［人］

something that is very exciting or impressive

令人激动的事物；极其精彩的事物

I’m not saying the film is a killer, but it’s cool.

这部影片说不上极其精彩，但还是很棒。


killer

a book called ‘How to Build a Killer Website’

一本名为《如何创建精彩网站》的书

[killer heels](bold)(=women’s shoes with very high heels)

a very strong desire to succeed in a situation or activity etc that is very competitive

Young players these days lack the killer instinct.

如今的年轻选手缺乏拼杀的本能。


killing

They murdered fifteen boys in a [killing spree](bold)(=an occasion when someone murders many people in a short period of time) across southern California.

他们在加利福尼亚南部各地一时间杀害了15名男孩。

He made a killing on the stock exchange.


kilogram

BrE also: kilogramme  [n](bold) <[C](bold)> written abbreviation: kg

a unit for measuring weight, equal to 1,000 grams

千克，公斤〔重量单位，等于1,000克〕


kilometre

ˈkɪləˌmiːtə, kɪˈlɒmɪtə

([BrE](special)) AmE kilometer  [n](bold) <[C](bold)> written abbreviation: km

a unit for measuring distance, equal to 1,000 metres


next of kin

We’ll have to notify the next of kin of his death.

我们得把他去世的消息通知他的直系亲属。


kind

[payment in kind](bold) at → [payment](->payment) sense 3

I’d like to see you make the same kind of effort in practice that you make in the game.

Fossils of many different kinds have been found in this site.

It wasn’t the right kind of holiday for me.

Not knowing what had happened to her was the worst kind of torture.

Carved into the stone was some kind of design.

There was no television, no radio – no technology of any kind.

The students had to read various kinds of academic materials.

A ‘besom’ is a particular kind of broom.

How can we be sure a disaster of this kind will not happen again?

He usually wears trainers and jeans, that kind of thing.

In a funny kind of way, the bullying made me a stronger person.

This was precisely the kind of help that she needed.

one of the different types of a person or thing that belong to the same group

他们出售各种各样的东西。

The flowers attract several different kinds of insects.

这些花吸引几种不同的昆虫。

Greg was working on some kind of deal in Italy.

格雷格正在意大利做某种生意。

给我一份三明治，随便哪种都可以。

used to describe a person with a particular character, feelings, opinions etc

特德就不是想结婚的那种人。

罗布不是会发愁的那种人。

the type of person, thing, place etc that someone usually likes

某人通常喜欢的人/物/地方等

It’s not my kind of place – it’s too quiet.

这不是我喜欢的地方——太安静了。

slightly but not exactly, or in some ways

我倒是有点高兴我没有赢。

used to say that your description of something is not exact

two, three etc people or things that are very similar

属于同一类的两/三个人[事物]等

the only one of a particular type of thing

Each plate is handpainted and one of a kind.

每个盘子都由手工绘制，是独一无二的。

something similar to what was expected or talked about

类似的事情，差不多的东西

Rosa was shocked by the news, although she had suspected something of the kind might happen.

罗莎虽然怀疑可能会发生那种事情，但听到这消息还是感到震惊。

used to emphasize that what has been said is not true

used to say that something is not as good as it should be

Elections of a kind are held, but there is only one party to vote for.

reacting to something someone has done by doing the same thing

以同样的方法，以相同的手段

After recent bombings, counter-terrorist forces could retaliate in kind.

最近的爆炸案发生过后，反恐部队可能会以牙还牙。


kind

someone who is kind tries to help people and make them happy or comfortable, and shows that they care about them

They were very kind to us and let us stay in their house as long as we liked.

friendly and kind. [Nice](bold) is very common in everyday spoken English and is often used instead of [kind](bold)

kind because you give people money, presents etc

‘I’ll pay for the meal.’ ‘That’s very generous of you.’

thinking about other people’s feelings, and careful not to do anything that will upset them

Our neighbours are very considerate and always keep their TV turned down.

He’s always very polite and considerate to his guests.

thinking of things you can do to make other people happy or feel good – used especially when someone does something such as giving someone a present or helping someone

It was thoughtful of you to send him a card.

Some thoughtful person had taken her bag to the lost property office.

kind and wanting to help and look after people

She’s lucky to have such a loving and caring husband.

The British are well-known for their caring attitude toward animals.

saying kind things to someone who has problems and behaving in a way that shows you care about them

My boss was very sympathetic and said I should take some time off work.

kind and showing that you want to help – used especially in the following phrases

very kind – used especially when you like someone very much, or you are very pleased because of something they have done

I was given the flowers by a sweet little old lady who lived next door.

having a kind and friendly character, which makes other people like you

He was a wonderful father, kind-hearted and always laughing.

The town is full of warm-hearted, helpful people.

kind and wanting to help people – often used about someone who is important or who people respect

They believe in the existence of a benevolent God who will save mankind.

He listened politely, like some benevolent uncle.

[comparative](italic) [kinder](bold) [superlative](italic) [kindest](bold)

saying or doing things that show that you care about other people and want to help them or make them happy

It’s really kind of them to let us use their pool.

他们真好，借泳池给我们用。

We thanked the priest for his [kind words](bold).

我们对牧师亲切的话语表示感谢。

Thank you for your help. You’ve been [most kind](bold)(=said when thanking someone very politely).

谢谢您的帮助，您真是太好了。

[thank you for your kind invitation/offer](bold)(=said when thanking someone very politely for their invitation or offer)

Ms Jarvis is unable to accept your [kind invitation](bold).

贾维斯女士无法接受您的盛情邀请。

You are [kind to](bold)  someone: He was kind to her.
Don’t say: [He was kind with her.](strike)

我需要一种对皮肤较为温和的肥皂。

would you be kind enough to do sth/be so kind as to do sth

烦请[劳烦]您做某事好吗

Would you be kind enough to close the door, please?

In everyday English, people usually say [please could you ...?](bold)  or [would you mind ...?](bold)  because the expressions with [kind](bold)  can sound too formal and unfriendly:

used to end a formal but fairly friendly letter

谨致问候〔用于正式但相当友好的书信结尾〕


kindly

Mr Nunn has kindly agreed to let us use his barn for the dance.

纳恩先生慷慨地允许我们借用他的谷仓举行舞会。

to be unwilling to accept a situation because it annoys you

赞成某人／某事，同意某人／某事

Jimmy would probably not look too kindly on our request.

吉米可能不会同意我们的请求。

a word meaning ‘please’, which is often used when you are annoyed

请你把那本书放回去好不好？


kindly

友善的；亲切的；和蔼的；体贴的

加德纳夫人是位和蔼可亲的老人。


kindness

[kill sb with kindness](bold) at → [kill](->kill) 1 sense 16

I can’t thank you enough for your kindness.

In everyday English, when you are thanking people for helping you, the normal phrase to use is [Thanks for (all) your help](bold) . The phrase [Thank you for your kindness](bold)  sounds very polite and slightly old-fashioned.

It would be doing him a kindness to tell him the truth.

把真相告诉他对他有好处。


king

the male ruler of a country, who comes from a royal family

George III was the king of England at that time.

a woman who rules a country because she is from a royal family, or the wife of a king

She became queen when she was only 14 years old.

Queen Elizabeth II of the United Kingdom

The bishops were appointed by the monarch.

a country that is ruled by a king or queen, or this type of political system

Some people want the monarchy to be abolished.

the son of a king, queen, or prince, or the male ruler of a small country or state

The prince will inherit the throne when his father dies.

someone such as a king, who has official power over a country and its people

General Musharraf was the former military ruler of Pakistan.

the Habsburg emperors of the 19th century

It was hoped that a meeting of the two sovereigns would ease tensions between the countries.

someone who governs instead of a king or queen, because the king or queen is ill, absent, or still a child

Edward II left his friend Gaveston as regent.

Warwick was a loyal servant of the crown.

Prince Charles will become king when his mother, Queen Elizabeth, dies.

He was crowned king upon the death of his father.

How could a Christian king rule if he was banned from the Church?

It shocked the nation when the king abdicated.

The Duke of Gloucester claimed that he was the rightful king.

She married the future king of France, Philip Augustus.

They were fighting out of loyalty to their king.

The new laws were very unpopular with the king’s subjects.

a man who rules a country because he is from a royal family

On 2 December Henry VI was [crowned king](bold)(=made the king at an official ceremony).

12月2日，亨利六世加冕为王。

someone or something that people think is the most important or best of a particular type of person or thing

某领域的最强者；某物中的极品

The lion is [the king of the jungle](bold).

if you live like a king, feel like a king etc, you are very successful, happy, rich etc

极佳的感觉〔指极其成功、幸福、富有等〕

With her at my side, I felt like a king.

有她在我身边，我感到非常幸福。

a playing card with a picture of a king on it

if something is king at a particular time, it has a big influence on people

在往昔爵士乐极为盛行的年代


kingdom

one of the three parts into which the natural world is divided

动物界/植物界/矿物界〔大自然三界〕

a phrase used to describe the end of the world, death, or the end of time

He left the gas on and nearly [blew](bold) us all [to kingdom come](bold).

他忘了关上燃气，差点把我们都送上西天。


kiss

to touch someone with your lips as a greeting, to show them love, or as part of a sexual relationship

Maggie leaned forward and kissed her cheek.

Georgina took him in her arms and kissed him on the lips.

乔治娜把他拥在怀里，吻他的嘴唇。

Jim and Mary kissed (=they kissed each other).

He kissed her gently and stroked her hair.

他温柔地吻她并轻抚她的头发。

[Kiss](bold)  is a reciprocal verb. This type of verb is used when saying that two or more people do something that involves both or all of them. It does not need to have an object: We kissed.  In this sentence, [kiss](bold)  is intransitive and does not have an object.

You can also say: We kissed each other. I kissed her.  In these sentences, [kiss](bold)  is transitive.

to touch something with your lips as a sign of respect

She raised the crucifix to her lips and kissed it.

她把十字架举到嘴边亲吻了一下。

to accept that you will lose something or lose an opportunity to do something

承认会失去某事物；承认失去做某事物的机会

She knew if she concentrated on her marriage she could kiss her career goodbye.

她知道如果全心投入婚姻，就别想有自己的事业了。

used, especially to a child, to say that you will take away the pain of something by kissing them

亲一亲就不痛了〔尤对小孩用语〕

来，让妈妈亲亲就不痛了。

an insulting expression used to show that you do not respect someone

to be too nice to someone who can give you something you want – used to show disapproval

拍(某人)马屁，巴结(某人)〔含贬义〕

if the wind, sun etc kisses something, it gently moves or touches it

〔风、阳光等〕轻拂，轻触


kiss

I always give the kids a kiss before they go to school.

(=to kiss your hand and then blow across it towards someone)

Stephen planted a kiss on his daughter’s forehead.

She put her arms around him and gave him a big kiss.

He gave her a quick kiss before leaving for work.

She could still feel that last tender kiss.

He gave her a a long, slow, lingering kiss.

Her little boy gave her a sloppy kiss on the cheek.

(=when saying goodbye or goodnight to someone)

Don’t go to bed without your goodnight kiss!

Where were you when you had your first kiss?

The couple shared a lingering French kiss.

See you soon. Lots of love and kisses from Anna.

to make someone start breathing again by blowing air into their lungs when they have almost drowned etc

something that spoils or ruins a plan, activity etc


kit

→ [drum kit](->drum kit) → [first aid kit](->first aid kit) → [tool kit](->tool kit)

a set of tools, equipment etc that you use for a particular purpose or activity

萨莉把化妆包放在手提包里。

something that you buy in parts and put together yourself

electronic equipment, especially computers and computer software

套件〔尤指计算机和计算机软件〕

The new kit includes wireless keyboard and gaming headset.

新套件包括无线键盘和游戏耳机。

a set of clothes and equipment that you use for a particular purpose such as playing a sport

a set of clothes and equipment used by soldiers, sailors etc

〔士兵、水手等的〕成套装备

The soldiers are trained to jump from the planes with full kit on.

士兵受过背负全套装备从飞机跳下的训练。


kit

[past tense and past participle](italic) [kitted](bold) [present participle](italic) [kitting](bold)


kitchen

the room where you prepare and cook food

Sam went into the kitchen to make a pot of tea.

萨姆走进厨房去沏一壶茶。

used when someone has brought too many things with them

几乎所有的东西〔用于表示某人带来的东西过多〕


kite

[go fly a kite](bold) at → [fly](->fly) 1 sense 24 [high as a kite](bold) at → [high](->high) 1 sense 16

a light frame covered in coloured paper or plastic that you let fly in the air on the end of one or two long strings

a type of hawkbird that eats small animals

to make a suggestion to see what people will think of it


kite

[v](bold) <[I,T](bold)> ([AmE](special)) [informal](special)

Soaring medical costs keep kiting up insurance premiums.

骤升的医疗费用使保险费不断上涨。

开(空头支票)；使用(假支票)骗钱


kitten

to be very anxious or upset about something


knee

[learn/be taught sth at your mother’s knee](bold) at → [mother](->mother) 1 sense 4 [the bee’s knees](bold) at → [bee](->bee) sense 5 [weak at the knees](bold) at → [weak](->weak) sense 13

the joint that bends in the middle of your leg

She was on her knees (=kneeling), weeding the garden.

[sink/fall/drop to your knees](bold)(=move so that you are kneeling)

Tim fell to his knees and started to pray.

the part of your clothes that covers your knee

他的牛仔裤两边膝盖处都有洞。

on the top part of your legs when you are sitting down

if your knees are knocking, you are feeling very afraid or very cold

〔因害怕或寒冷而〕双膝颤抖

in a way that shows you have no power but want or need something very much

He went on his knees begging for his job back.

他跪下来乞求恢复原来的工作。

to defeat a country or group of people in a war

The bombing was supposed to bring the country to its knees.

轰炸本应使这个国家投降。

to have such a bad effect on an organization, activity etc that it cannot continue

使〔组织、活动等〕难以继续

The recession has brought many companies to their knees.

经济衰退使许多公司难以维持。

把某人按在膝盖上打屁股〔指惩罚小孩子〕

in a way that shows great respect for someone

跪着〔表示对某人极大的敬意〕


kneel

also: [kneel down](bold)  [v](bold) <[I](bold)>

[past tense and past participle](italic) [knelt](bold) /nelt/ or [past tense and past participle](italic) [kneeled](bold) ([AmE](bold))

to be in or move into a position where your body is resting on your knees

汤姆跪下来轻轻拍了拍那只狗。

She knelt on the floor and put more wood on the fire.

她跪在地板上，往炉火中添了些木柴。


knife

Be careful using that knife - it's very sharp.

The knife was so blunt it wouldn't cut anything.

(=a long knife used for cutting vegetables etc)

Every chef has his own set of kitchen knives.

Dad always used to sharpen the carving knife.

(=a small knife that you carry with you)

He was armed with nothing but a pocket knife.

He was sentenced to 9 years in prison for a knife attack.

(=crimes in which people are attacked with knives)

The blade of the knife cut cleanly through the rope.

His hand reached down to the handle of his knife.

The campaign warns young people about the dangers of carrying knives.

A man brandishing a knife burst into the room.

a metal blade fixed into a handle, used for cutting or as a weapon

Some young people are carrying knives to defend themselves.

一些年轻人带着刀子防身。

Use a sharp knife to cut the melon into sections.

→ [carving knife](->carving knife) → [flick knife](->flick knife) → [palette knife](->palette knife) → [paper knife](->paper knife) → [penknife](->penknife)

used to say that people are being extremely unfriendly in criticizing someone

(对某人)剑拔弩张，兴师问罪

The knives are out for the vice president.

to say something that makes someone more upset about a subject they are already unhappy about

to dislike someone and be very unfriendly towards them

对某人怀恨在心，对某人极不友好

you could cut the atmosphere/air/tension with a knife

used to say that you felt the people in a room were angry with each other

气氛很不友好，气氛使人透不过气来

used to say that something happens or is done very easily, without any problems


knight

a man with a high rank in the past who was trained to fight while riding a horse

a man who has received a knighthood and has the title sir before his name

爵士〔名前冠有Sir这一头衔〕

the chess piece with a horse’s head on it

a brave man who saves someone, especially a woman, from a dangerous situation

救人于危难之中的勇士，〔尤指〕救美的英雄


knit

→ [close-knit](->close-knit) → [tight-knit](->tight-knit)

to make clothing out of wool, using two knitting needles

埃米莉给他织了几双短袜。

to join people, things, or ideas more closely together, or to be joined closely together

In a good report, individual sentences knit together in a clear way that readers can follow.

一份好的报告中，各个句子之间衔接紧密、思路清晰，读者很容易读懂。

[closely/tightly etc knit](bold)(=with all the members having close relationships)

哈罗德是一个紧密团结的小组中的一员。

a bone that knits after being broken grows into one piece again

The pin holds the bones in place while they knit together.

钢钉固定着骨头促使其愈合。

to show you are worried, thinking hard etc by moving your eyebrows together

紧锁眉头〔表示忧虑、思索等〕


knitting

the activity or action of knitting clothes


knock

knock around
knock back
knock down
knock into
knock off
knock out
knock over
knock together
knock up

[knock/beat sb/sth into a cocked hat](bold) at → [cocked hat](->cocked hat) sense 1 [knock sb into shape](bold) at → [shape](->shape) 1 sense 3 [knees knocking (together)](bold) at → [knee](->knee) 1 sense 4

to hit a door or window with your closed hand to attract the attention of the people inside

I knocked and knocked but nobody answered.

我把门敲了又敲，但无人回应。

We knocked at the door but there was no one there.

我们敲了门，但里面没人。

to hit something with a short quick action so that it moves or falls

As I got up, I knocked a pencil out of its holder.

我站起来时，碰掉了笔架上的一支铅笔。

At that moment, Sally knocked over her glass of wine.

就在那时，萨莉把她那杯酒碰翻了。

She tried to knock the gun aside but she was not fast enough.

她试图把枪推开，但来不及了。

He [knocked](bold) her [to the ground](bold) and kicked her.

他把她打倒在地，还踢她。

[knock sb unconscious/cold/senseless](bold)(=hit someone so hard that they fall unconscious)

Simon could knock a man unconscious with one punch to the jaw.

西蒙往人下巴上打一拳就能把人击昏。

Garry answered the door only to be [knocked flying](bold) as two policemen came rushing in.

加里去开门，结果被冲进来的两名警察撞出老远。

〔用身体的某部位〕撞，敲，击

Morse knocked his shin against a suitcase that had been left just inside the door.

莫尔斯胫部撞到了横在门内的手提箱上。

to go to every house or apartment in an area asking the people who live there for information or support

〔为获取信息或寻求帮助〕挨家挨户敲门

Gathering that information means knocking on doors and asking people questions.

收集那样的信息就意味着要挨家挨户敲门询问。

to be wanting to join a group or team – used in news reports

要求加入〔用于新闻报道中〕

Five countries have permanent seats on the UN Security Council, but Germany and Japan, among others, are knocking on the door.

有五个国家拥有联合国安理会常任理事国席位，但包括德国、日本在内的其他国家也要求加入进来。

to remove a wall or part of a building in order to make a bigger room or space

We could make a bigger living space by knocking two rooms into one.

我们可以把两个房间打通，增大生活空间。

The wall between the kitchen and the dining room has been partially knocked through.

厨房和饭厅之间的墙已被部分打通。

to make a hole in something, especially a wall

We could knock a hole through the wall into the cupboard.

我们可以在墙壁上打个洞通到壁橱里。

to criticize someone or their work, especially in an unfair or annoying way

→see THESAURUS at [criticize](->criticize)

The British press always knock British winners at any sport.

不管是何种体育项目，英国新闻界总是对获胜的英国选手吹毛求疵。

‘Designer fashion is silly.’ ‘[Don’t knock it](bold); it’s an important industry.’

“名牌时装傻得很。”“别挑刺了，那可是个重要的行业。”

踢〔球〕；击〔球〕，打〔球〕

The aim is to knock the ball into the opposing goal.

目标是把球踢进对方的球门。

to shock or upset someone very much or make them physically weak

使某人大为震惊[担心]；使某人浑身无力

Suzanne was very upset when her mother left home. It knocked the stuffing out of her.

母亲离家出走使得苏珊娜苦恼不已，整个人变得萎靡不振。

to upset someone so much that it is difficult for them to deal with something

使某人目瞪口呆，使某人不知所措

His daughter’s death knocked Tom sideways.

女儿的去世使汤姆大受打击。

to make someone learn to behave in a more sensible way

让某人吸取教训，让某人懂事一些

The struggle to build up her own business had knocked some sense into her.

创业的艰难经历使她得到了一些教训。

to tell people who are arguing that they must stop and behave more sensibly

制止某人争吵，使某人恢复理智

None of them can agree and it needs someone to knock heads together.

他们各持己见，需要有人出面让他们别再吵了。

We wanted to go for a picnic, but the rain’s knocked that on the head.

我们原本打算去野餐，但是那场雨使计划泡汤了。

to surprise and please someone by being very impressive

你穿上那件连衣裙，准会给他一个大大的惊喜。

to stop admiring someone that you previously thought was perfect

使某人不再受崇拜，使某人威信扫地

The press were determined to knock the princess off the pedestal that they had put her on.

新闻界决心把被他们捧上天去的王妃拉下来。

to be much better than someone or something

比某人/某物强得多，远远胜过某人/某物

The new computer system knocks spots off the old one.

新的计算机系统比起旧的要好得多。

used to say that you hope your good luck so far will not change

used to tell someone to stop doing something, because it is annoying you

停下来；别吵了；别烦人了

if an engine or pipes etc are knocking, they make a noise like something hard being hit, usually because something is wrong with them

〔发动机、管道等因故障而〕发出爆震[碰撞]声

if your heart is knocking, it is beating hard, especially because you are afraid

〔心〕怦怦跳〔尤因害怕〕

used when threatening to hit someone very hard

If you say that again, I’ll knock your head off!

如果你再说那样的话，我就把你打个半死！

to make something such as a market or industry fail suddenly

使〔市场、行业等〕骤然疲软[不景气]

A sudden drop in supplies of certain chemicals could knock the bottom out of the engineering industry.

某些化学品供应的突然减少会造成工程行业一时间的不景气。


knock

the sound of something hard hitting a hard surface

the action of something hard hitting your body

He got a knock on the head when he fell.

Clive’s taken quite a few hard knocks lately.

克莱夫近来碰到不少倒霉事。


knot

→ [Gordian knot](->Gordian knot) [at a rate of knots](bold) at → [rate](->rate) 1 sense 7 [tie the knot](bold) at → [tie](->tie) 1 sense 5 [tie yourself (up) in knots](bold) at → [tie](->tie) 1 sense 6

He tried to untie the knot in the rope around his ankles.

The knot in my shoelaces is really tight.

She tied the belt in a loose knot around her waist.

a part where one or more pieces of string, rope, cloth etc have been tied or twisted together

〔线、绳、布等打成的〕结

Are you any good at [tying knots](bold)?

Thread the string through the hoop and [tie](bold) it [in a knot](bold).

a part where hair, a thread etc has become accidentally twisted together

我没法把打结的头发梳理开。

a hair style in which your hair is arranged in a tight round shape on top of your head

a hard round place in a piece of wood where a branch once joined the tree

a unit for measuring the speed of ships and aircraft, equal to about 1,853 metres per hour

节〔船、航空器的速度单位，约合1,853米/小时〕

a small group of people standing close together

Knots of delegates stood around outside the conference centre.

代表团成员三三两两地站在会议中心外。

a tight uncomfortable feeling caused by a strong emotion such as fear or anger

〔恐惧、气愤等强烈感情引起的〕紧缩(感)，痉挛

她因焦虑而引起的腹部痉挛


knot

[past tense and past participle](italic) [knotted](bold) [present participle](italic) [knotting](bold)

to tie together two ends or pieces of string, rope, cloth etc

A pretty scarf was loosely knotted around her neck.

她的脖子上松松地系着一条漂亮的围巾。

if hair, a thread etc knots, it becomes twisted together

〔头发、线等〕绞缠，打结

if a muscle or other part of your body knots, or is knotted, it feels tight and uncomfortable

恐惧和焦虑使她感到腹部痉挛。


know

[the next thing I/she etc knew](bold) at → [next](->next) 1 sense 6

[Know](bold)  is not used in the progressive. You say: I know who that is. Do you know this song?
Don’t say: [I’m knowing who that is.](strike)  [Are you knowing this song?](strike)

However, the participle [knowing](bold)  is sometimes used: Knowing she would appreciate it, I offered to help.

[past tense](italic) [knew](bold) /njuː/ US /nuː/ [past participle](italic) [known](bold) /nəʊn/ US /noʊn/

There are instructions telling you everything you need to know.

操作指南会告诉你所有须知事项。

I need to know more about the job before I decide whether to apply for it.

我要对这份工作多加了解再决定是否申请。

Little is known about the author’s childhood.

这位作者的童年几乎不为人知。

I [know all about](bold) David and what he’s been up to!

我对戴维和他一直在干什么都知道得一清二楚！

我在想他是不是知道这个计划？

Do you know of any good restaurants in the area?

你知道这地方有什么好餐馆吗？

We know that greenhouse gases can affect the climate.

我们知道温室气体会对气候产生影响。

[Let](bold) me [know](bold)(=tell me) what time you’re planning to arrive.

请告诉我你打算什么时候到。

I thought you’d [want to know](bold) immediately.

[If you must know](bold), I was with James last night (=used when you are angry because someone wants to know something).

如果你非要知道的话，我昨晚是和詹姆斯在一起。

He slipped out of the house without his parents knowing (=secretly).

他瞒着父母，偷偷溜出了家。

[How did](bold) he [know](bold)(=how did he find information about) our names?

他是怎么知道我们姓名的？

‘I’m divorced, as you know,’ she said briefly.

“我离婚了，你知道的。”她简短地说道。

Smoking is known to increase a person’s risk of developing lung cancer.

大家知道吸烟会增加罹患肺癌的风险。

In more formal English, you say [it is known that](bold)  or [it is known who/why/what etc](bold) : It is known that the drug causes infertility. It is not known how many people were killed.

‘Are you seeing Jim tomorrow?’ ‘I don’t know yet.’

“你明天要去见吉姆吗？”“我还没有确定。”

我知道我不会得到这份工作。

Ruth knew that she couldn’t continue in the relationship for much longer.

露丝知道她无法再把这段关系维持下去了。

The boy stared at him uncertainly, not knowing whether to believe him.

那男孩疑惑地盯着他，不知道是否应该相信他。

She forced herself to go out, knowing that she would feel more depressed if she stayed at home.

她强迫自己出去，知道如果待在家里会更加抑郁。

[How do you know](bold)(=what makes you sure) he won’t do it again?

你怎么确定他不会再那么干了？

这个故事我知道是真实的。

I think he’s still living in Chicago, but I don’t [know for sure](bold).

我想他还住在芝加哥，但我不确定。

[As far as I know](bold), they’re arriving on Saturday (=used when you think something is true but are not sure).

据我所知，他们会在星期六到。

I doubt I’ll win, but [you never know](bold)(=used when you cannot be sure about something, but something good might happen).

我看我是赢不了了，但谁也说不准。

Are you really thinking of leaving Kevin for a guy you barely know?

你真的考虑要为了一个几乎不了解的人而离开凯文吗？

Do you know the nightclub on the corner of Maine Street?

你知道缅因街街角的那家夜总会吗？

I don’t [know](bold) him very [well](bold).

We’re still [getting to know](bold) each other really.

其实我们还处于相互了解的阶段。

我从上学的时候就认识她了。

Many people knew him as a local businessman.

许多人知道他是当地的一位商人。

Hepburn [is best known for](bold)(=people are most likely to be familiar with) her roles in classic films such as ‘My Fair Lady’.

赫本最为人们熟知的是她在《窈窕淑女》等经典影片中扮演的角色。

The museum outlines the development of the city [as we know it](bold) today.

博物馆勾勒了这个我们现在熟悉的城市的发展过程。

Does he [know the way](bold) to your house (=know how to get there)?

I grew up here; I [know](bold) the place [like the back of my hand](bold)(=I know it very well).

我就在这里长大，对这个地方了如指掌。

I only [know](bold) her [by sight](bold)(=I often see her but have not really spoken to her).

She didn’t [know me from Adam](bold)(=she did not know me at all), but she was really helpful.

她和我素不相识，却很乐意帮忙。

[knowing sb/if I know sb](bold)(=used to say that you expect someone to behave in a particular way because you know them well)

Knowing Sumi, my note’s probably still in her pocket.

我了解寿美，我的字条很可能还在她的口袋里呢。

He’ll be chatting up the women, if I know Ron!

他会和女人搭讪的，我了解罗恩！

to realize, find out about, or understand something

Hardly knowing what he was doing, Nick pulled out a cigarette.

尼克下意识地掏出了一支烟。

Suddenly she knew that something was terribly wrong.

突然她意识到出了大问题。

I didn’t know how difficult it would be.

她知道不可以告诉任何人。

[(do you) know what I mean?](bold)(=used to ask if someone understands or has the same feeling as you)

It’s nice to have a change sometimes. Know what I mean?

有时候改变一下真不错。你明白我的意思吗？

Sometimes it’s better not to ask too many questions, if you know what I mean.

有时候最好别问太多问题，你知道我的意思吧。

‘I just felt so tired.’ ‘Yeah, [I know what you mean](bold).’(=I understand, because I have had the same experience)

“我就是感觉累得很。”“是啊，我懂你的意思。”

I [should have known](bold) it wouldn’t be easy.

I [might have known](bold)(=I am annoyed but not surprised) you would take that attitude.

我就知道你会采取那种态度。

[know perfectly well/full well/only too well](bold)

He knew full well that what he was doing was dangerous.

他非常清楚自己做的事情很危险。

[sb will never know/no one will ever know](bold)

把它拿走吧，没人会知道。

‘That’s not what I mean, [and you know it](bold),’ he protested.

“我不是那个意思，你明明知道的。”他抗议道。

[if I had known/if I’d have known](bold)

I wouldn’t have come if I’d known you were so busy.

要是知道你这么忙的话，我就不会来了。

[Little did](bold) she [know](bold)(=she did not know) that years later she would have her own pool and luxury apartment in Florida.

她根本没想到，多年以后她会在佛罗里达州拥有自己的游泳池和豪华公寓。

She [knew nothing of](bold) what had happened earlier that day.

对那天早些时候发生的事情，她一无所知。

to have learned a lot about something or be skilful and experienced at doing something

I don’t know enough history to make a comparison.

我对历史还不够精通，无法加以比较。

他知道的一切都是我教的。

I have a friend who knows about antiques.

Politicians [know all about](bold) the power of language.

政治家都深谙语言的力量。

I [don’t know the first thing about](bold)(=I know nothing about) looking after children.

I don’t really [know what](bold) I’m [doing](bold)(=I do not have enough skill and experience to deal with something) when it comes to cars.

说到汽车，我可是一点都不懂。

The staff are dedicated people who clearly [know what](bold) they [are talking about](bold).

这些员工有敬业精神，而且非常懂行。

She [knew from experience](bold) that exams made her very nervous.

根据以往的经验，她知道考试会让她神经紧张。

[know your job/subject/stuff](bold)(=be good at and know all you should about a job or subject)

a decent manager who [knows the ropes](bold)(=has a lot of experience)

My cousin [knows a thing or two](bold)(=knows a lot) about golf.

我表弟对高尔夫球很在行。

[know a song/tune/poem etc](bold)(=be able to sing a song, play a tune, say a poem etc because you have learned it)

Do you know all the words to ‘As Time Goes By’?

你知道《当时光流逝》这首歌的全部歌词吗？

to think that someone has particular qualities

认为，知道〔某人具备某种品质〕

I knew him as a hard-working, modest, and honest politician.

我认为他是一位勤奋、谦虚而又诚实的政治家。

In fact, I knew her for a tough-minded young woman.

其实，我知道她是个意志坚强的年轻女性。

to be wise or experienced enough not to do something

懂得〔不应该做某事〕，不至于蠢到〔做某事〕

It’s just prejudice from educated people who [should know better](bold).

这只是受过教育的人的偏见，这些人本不该这样想。

Eva [knew better than to](bold) interrupt one of Mark’s jokes.

伊娃不会傻到去打断马克的笑话。

to know or think you know more than someone else

(自认为)更了解，更清楚

Everyone thought it was an accident. Only Dan knew better.

人人都以为那是一次意外事故，只有丹更清楚实情。

used to say that someone does something bad or stupid because they have not been told or taught that it is wrong

不明真相，不明就里〔因而做了坏事或傻事〕

Drugs are being sold to children who don’t know any better.

(AmE [know sth backwards and forwards](bold) )

to be very familiar with something, especially because you have learned about it or because you have a lot of experience

对某事了如指掌，对某事十分了解

to be so familiar with something that you are confident and good at using it

to be familiar with a place so that you know where things are

I don’t know my way around the city yet.

After she had gone, Paul made himself known to Dr Heatherton.

她离去后，保罗对希瑟顿医生作了自我介绍。

to be able to recognize someone or something

→see THESAURUS at [recognize](->recognize)

Honestly, it had been so long, I hardly knew her.

说实话，过了这么长时间我几乎认不出她了。

He looked very different, but I knew him by his voice.

他看上去变了很多，但我听声音知道是他。

The main street between the castle and the palace is known as ‘the Royal Mile’.

Nitrous oxide is [commonly known as](bold) laughing gas.

一氧化二氮通常被称作笑气。

to understand the difference between one thing and another

能分辨 …和 …，知道 …和 …间的差异

Lloyd doesn’t even know his right from his left.

At what age do children start to know right from wrong?

儿童到什么年龄开始懂得分辨是非？

to have experience of a particular feeling or situation

I don’t think he ever knew true happiness.

我想他根本不知道什么叫真正的幸福。

我完全知道穷是什么滋味。

I’ve [never known](bold)(=have never experienced) this to happen in all the time I’ve worked here.

我在这里工作了这么久，从来没有遇到过这种事。

I’ve [never known](bold) him [to](bold) shout (=he never shouts).

我从来没有听到他大声喊叫过。

(or: [sb/sth has never been known to do sth](bold) )

used to say there is no information that someone or something has particular qualities

据说某人/某事物不是某种情况/不会做某事

This species is not known to be vicious.

(or: [sb/sth has been known to do sth](bold) )

used to say that someone does something sometimes or that something happens sometimes, even if it is unusual

我知道某人做过某事/发生了某种情况〔尽管并不常见〕

People have been known to drive 500 miles just to visit the shop.

有人驾车500英里只是为了去这家商店。

This type of fish has been known to live for 10 years or more.

这种鱼有活10年甚至更久的。

你要知道，没什么借口好找的。

used to make sure that someone understands what you are saying

知道吗，懂吗〔用以确定别人理解你的话〕

used when you want to keep someone’s attention, but cannot think of what to say next

要知道，是这样〔想要让别人继续关注，但又不知道接下去说什么〕

Well, you know, we’ve got a job to do here.

嗯，要知道，我们在这里有活儿要干。

used when you are explaining or describing something and want to give more information

你知道的〔对某事进行解释或描述时想要提供更多的信息〕

That flower in the garden – you know, the purple one – what is it?

花园里的那种花，你知道，就是紫色的那种，它叫什么？

used to start talking about something, or make someone listen

你知道吗〔用来引出话题或让人注意听〕

You know, I sometimes feel I don’t know him at all.

你知道吗，我有时候感觉自己一点都不了解他。

Do you know, when I went out this morning that man was still there.

你知道吗，今天早晨我出去时，那个男人还在那里。

你知道吗，我觉得他很孤单。

used to agree with someone or to say that you feel the same way

我理解，我有同感〔用来表示同意某人的观点或表示自己有同感〕

‘We have to talk about it, Rob.’ ‘Yeah, I know.’

“罗布，这件事我们得谈谈。”“好啊，我也这么想。”

used to say that you have suddenly had an idea, thought of a solution to a problem etc

有了，我知道了〔表示突然想到一个主意、解决办法等〕

I know! Let’s go out for a meal on your birthday.

有了！你生日那天我们出去吃饭吧。

used to stop someone from interrupting because they have an opinion about what you are saying

我知道〔用来阻止别人打断你的话〕

It sounds silly, I know, but I will explain.

这听起来很傻，我知道，但我会解释的。

I know, I know, I should have had the car checked out before now.

我知道，我知道，我应该事先把汽车检查一下的。

used to say that you do not have the answer to a question

我不知道，我不清楚〔表示不知道问题的答案〕

“他们是什么时候到的？”“我不知道。”

used when you are not sure about something

‘How old do you think he is?’ ‘Oh, I don’t know – sixty, seventy?’

“你觉得他有多大年纪？” “哦，我不清楚。60，70？”

我拿不定主意是否要给他打电话。

I don’t know that you need a passport for travelling within the EU.

我不能肯定你在欧盟国家范围内旅行要不要护照。

used to show that you disagree slightly with what has just been said

我倒不这么认为〔表示不大同意别人说的话〕

‘I couldn’t live there.’ ‘Oh, I don’t know. It might not be so bad.’

“我没法在那里生活。”“噢，我倒不这么认为，可能没那么糟吧。”

used to show that you are slightly annoyed

真想不到〔表示有点不高兴〕

唉，真是的！你无药可救了！

真想不到怎么/为什么等〔用于批评某人〕

I don’t know how people could keep an animal in those conditions.

我真想不到怎么会有人把动物养在那样的环境里。

used to give your opinion, decision, or suggestion when you are not sure that the person you are talking to will feel the same way

我不知道你怎么想，但是 …〔用于对别人提出观点、决定或建议，但又不确定别人是否看法一致〕

I don’t know about you, but I’ll be glad when Christmas is over.

不知道你怎么想，我是希望圣诞节早点结束。

我真不知道该怎么谢你/回报你

used to say that something is not at all surprising

难道你不知道〔表示一点也不奇怪〕

I was told in no uncertain terms that Helen, wouldn’t you know it, didn’t approve.

别人肯定地告诉我说海伦不赞成，难道你不知道？

used to emphasize how strong your feelings are

你不知道，你不懂〔强调感情的强烈程度〕

你不知道我那时多么惦念他。

used to say that you do not know the answer to something and that you are not the person who would know

我可不知道，我可不清楚〔表示你不知道某事的答案，而且也不是应该知道此事的人〕

used to say angrily that someone’s opinion is wrong or that it is not important

某人懂什么？〔气愤地表示某人的观点不对或不重要〕

how should I know?/how am I to know?/how do I know?

used to say that it is not reasonable to expect that you should know something

我怎么知道？我怎么会知道？〔表示要求你知道某事是没有道理的〕

‘When will they be back?’ ‘How should I know?’

“他们什么时候回来？”“我怎么知道？”

used as an excuse when something bad has happened

我怎么知道？我怎么会知道？〔发生不好的事后用来作借口〕

How was I to know that the file was confidential?

我怎么会知道这是一份机密文件？

used to say that you do not mind that someone has made a mistake because they could not have avoided it

是不知道的，不是故意的〔表示不在意某人的错误，因为他们无法避免〕

‘Sorry, I didn’t realize you had guests.’ ‘That’s all right – you weren’t to know.’

“很抱歉，我没想到你有客人。”“没关系，你又不知道。”

used to emphasize that you know about something because you made it, experienced it etc

我应该知道〔强调你知道某事，因为你做过或经历过等〕

‘Are you sure there’s no sugar in this coffee?’ ‘Of course. I ought to know – I made it!’

“你肯定这杯咖啡里没有糖吗？”“当然肯定，我自己冲的我还不知道！”

used to emphasize that you do not know something and say that it is not important to you

我不知道，说不定〔强调你不知道某事，而且也不在乎〕

I don’t know where she is. She could have been kidnapped for all I know.

我不知道她在哪里，说不定她被人绑架了。

used to say that you think the answer is ‘no’ but there may be facts that you do not know about

‘Did he call earlier?’ ‘Not that I know of.’

“他早些时候来过电话吗？”“据我所知没有。”

used to say that you do not know the answer to a question

天知道！天晓得！谁知道！〔表示不知道问题的答案〕

‘Where do you think he’s disappeared to this time?’ ‘God knows!’

“你说这回他去哪里了呢？”“天知道！”

Goodness knows why she didn’t go herself.

天知道她为什么不自己去。

天知道，老天作证〔用于强调〕

Goodness knows, I’ve never liked the woman, but I didn’t know how bad it would be to work with her.

老天作证，我从来就不喜欢这女人，可我也不知道和她一起工作会这么闹心。

used to say that you expect something bad will happen because you are usually unlucky

知道自己不走运，知道自己向来就运气不好

Knowing my luck, the train will be late.

我知道自己向来倒霉，这趟火车要晚点了。

Well, what do you know? Look who’s here!

啊，真没想到，看看谁来了！

used to tell someone that they should do something, or something bad will happen

假如你知道好歹的话，如果你识相的话

You’ll keep your mouth shut about this if you know what’s good for you!

如果你知道好歹的话，就别把这事说出去！

used to talk about someone or something without mentioning their name

你知道的那个人/东西〔用于谈论某人或某物而不指名道姓〕

There was no knowing who might have read the letter.

无法知道谁可能已经看过这封信了。

to make sure that people know something, especially by getting someone else to tell them

使人知道( …)，让人知晓( …)〔尤指通过别人传达〕

Farrar let it be known that he saw nothing wrong with the proposed solutions.

法勒已公开表示他认为所提出的解决方案没有问题。

to not be interested in someone and what they want to say

She’d approached several model agencies but they just didn’t want to know.

她联系过几家模特经纪公司，但他们全都不感兴趣。

to understand a situation and all the good and bad features about it

I knew the score before I started the job.

我开始这份工作之前心中就有数了。

to feel shocked and confused because something happens when you are not expecting it to

Poor man – I don’t think he knew what hit him.

可怜的人，我想他是惊呆了。

used to say that someone understands that they are less important than other people – usually used humorously

有自知之明，知道自己位置何在〔一般为幽默用法〕

I know my place. I’ll get back to the kitchen!

我有自知之明，我会回厨房去的！

if a feeling or quality knows no bounds, it is not limited in any way

used to say that someone should be obeyed or that their way of doing things should be accepted because they are experienced

I have always hated the attitude that ‘the doctor knows best’.

我一向讨厌那种“医生最懂”的态度。

used to say that something happens very quickly and when you are not expecting it

一眨眼工夫你就会到家了。

to know that the opposite of something is true

He told people he didn’t care about her, but deep down he knew different.

他告诉别人说不在乎她，但心底里却知道不是那么回事。

to be confident and have firm ideas about what you want and like

you will be delighted/pleased etc to know (that)

used before you give someone information that they will be pleased to hear

你要是知道( …)准会高兴的

You will be pleased to know that we have accepted your offer.

你要是知道了准会很高兴的，我们已接受了你的提议。

used to say that something is completely different from what we would normally expect something of its type to be

那算是 …，但不是我们所熟悉的那种

It’s the blues, Jim, but not as we know it.

那算是布鲁斯音乐吧，但不是我们所熟悉的那种。


know

having more information about something than most people

People in the know say that interest rates will have to rise again soon.

知情人士说，利率将很快再次上升。


knowledge

→ [general knowledge](->general knowledge) [working knowledge](bold) at → [working](->working) 1 sense 9

[Knowledge](bold)  is an uncountable noun and is not used in the plural. You say: He has a lot of technical knowledge.
Don’t say: [He has a lot of technical knowledges.](strike)

[Knowledge](bold)  is always followed by a singular verb: Expert knowledge [is ](bold) necessary.

When talking about something that you know or learn, you say a [piece of knowledge](bold) : This is a useful piece of knowledge.

the facts and information that you have learned, and the understanding you have gained

Our knowledge of other cultures and societies has improved.

special knowledge about how to do something, that you get through experience, training, or study

The technical expertise was provided by a Japanese company.

They need people with medical expertise.

practical knowledge about how to do something

Business leaders often lack the local know-how to tackle problems in specific countries.

good sense and judgment, based on knowledge and experience

It’s a matter of common wisdom that newspapers cannot be trusted.

how much you know about a situation or subject, and how well you understand it

He’s been praised for his grasp of the country’s economic problems.

The book assumes that you already have some knowledge of physics.

He gets all his knowledge about politics from watching the television.

If you want to improve your knowledge of the language, you should go and live in France.

In the past twenty years, we have greatly increased our knowledge of how the brain works.

The course is designed to help students broaden their knowledge of modern American literature.

The test should be an opportunity for students to demonstrate their knowledge.

(=knowledge about a lot of different subjects)

The questions are intended to test your general knowledge.

the practical application of scientific knowledge

Making profitable investments requires specialist knowledge.

You need to have a detailed knowledge of criminal law.

(=knowledge from experiencing something yourself)

writers who had no first-hand knowledge of war

(=knowledge of the basic aspects of something)

These things are obvious to anyone with even a basic knowledge of computers.

(=detailed knowledge about all of a particular subject)

He demonstrated an in-depth knowledge of the subject matter.

She had considerable knowledge of antiques.

(=knowledge about something because you are involved in it)

He seemed to have an intimate knowledge of prison life.

(=knowledge that you have because you are part of a group)

his inside knowledge gained from 20 years in the industry

(=knowledge that you need before you can understand or do something)

The test will show what background knowledge a student brings to the course.

She arrived at college with a thirst for knowledge.

(=when you know a lot about all the different parts of something)

They lack his breadth of knowledge about the industry.

the information, skills, and understanding that you have gained through learning or experience

He did not have much knowledge of American history.

the need to increase knowledge about birth control

In everyday English, people usually say that someone [knows about](bold)  something rather than [has knowledge of/about](bold)  something:

He didn’t [know much about](bold) American history.

when you know about a particular situation or event, or the information you have about it

Evans [denied all knowledge of](bold) the robbery.

埃文斯说他对这次抢劫一无所知。

I [had no knowledge of](bold) this whatsoever until ‘The Times’ contacted me.

在《泰晤士报》和我联系之前，我对这件事毫不知情。

[(secure/safe) in the knowledge that](bold)

Kay smiled, secure in the knowledge that she was right.

凯微笑着，知道自己是对的她就放心了。

[be common/public knowledge](bold)(=be known about by everyone)

他俩的风流韵事已是尽人皆知。

[to (the best of) sb’s knowledge](bold)(=used to say that someone may not know the true facts)

To the best of my knowledge, the new project will be starting in June.

据我所知，这个新项目将于6月份开始。

To our knowledge, this is the first time it’s happened.

就我们所知，此事是第一次发生。

‘Is it true that she’s leaving the company?’ ‘[Not to my knowledge](bold)(=I do not think so).’

“她真要离开公司了吗？”“我不这么想。”

He was annoyed to find the contract had been signed without his knowledge.

他发觉有人背着他签了合同，这让他很生气。

She acted [with the full knowledge of](bold) her boss (=her boss knew about her action).

她是在老板完全知情的情况下行事的。

Ministers publicly denied that they had [prior knowledge](bold) of the attack (=they denied that they knew that it was going to happen).

大臣们公开否认他们事先知道会发生袭击。


known

used about something that people know about or have discovered

她最后一个为人所知的地址

Apart from vaccines, there is no known way to protect against meningitis.

除了使用疫苗外，还未发现其他预防脑膜炎的方法。

a known criminal, drug dealer etc is someone who people know to be regularly involved in criminal activities or to do other things that are disapproved of

〔罪犯、贩毒者等〕已知的，出了名的

He was found with several other known sex offenders.

他被发现和另外几个众所周知的性犯罪者在一起。

to be famous or known about by a lot of people because of something

以某事物知名，以某事物闻名

这个地区以出产优质葡萄酒闻名。

〔人〕知名的/没有名气的/不大出名的

不太出名的法国画家的作品


label

a piece of paper or another material that is attached to something and gives information about it

a word or phrase which is used to describe a person, group, or thing, but which is unfair or not correct

〔不公平或不正确的〕称呼，叫法；外号，绰号

Men these days have to avoid attracting the ‘sexist’ label.

their new release on the Ace Sounds label

由Ace Sounds唱片公司为他们发行的新唱片

Fancy designer labels tend to come with fancy price tags to match.

高级名牌服饰往往都挂着不菲的价签。


label

[past tense and past participle](italic) [labelled](bold) [present participle](italic) [labelling](bold) ([BrE](bold)) [past tense and past participle](italic) [labeled](bold) [present participle](italic) [labeling](bold) ([AmE](bold))

to attach a label onto something or write information on something

这份文件上标明“绝密”。

Each bag of seeds is labelled with the grower’s name.

每袋种子上都标明栽培者的姓名。

to use a word or phrase to describe someone or something, but often unfairly or incorrectly

把 …不公正地称为，给 …扣帽子

The newspapers had unjustly labelled him a troublemaker.

报界不公正地给他扣上了闹事者的帽子。

The regime was inevitably labelled as ‘communist’.


laboratory

→ [language laboratory](->language laboratory)

a special room or building in which a scientist does tests or prepares substances

在实验室动物身上做的试验


labour

Employers want to keep skilled labour because of the cost of training.

Women and children were used as cheap labour.

(=workers who do jobs that are not permanent)

The industry makes use of a large supply of casual labour.

The shoe company was accused of using child labour in its factory.

(=all the people who work in a country or for a company)

What was the effect of the war on the labour supply?

(=the people looking for work and the jobs available)

the percentage of women in the labour market

Immigrants came into the country to fill the labour shortage.

There was pressure to keep down labour costs.

The garage charges £30 an hour for labour.

汽车修理厂收取每小时30英镑的人工费。

Many women do hard [manual labour](bold)(=work with their hands).

许多妇女从事繁重的体力劳动。

Workers [withdrew](bold) their [labour](bold)(=protested by stopping work) for twenty-four hours.

all the people who work for a company or in a country

〔一公司或一国的全体〕劳工，工人；劳动力

我们需要降低劳动力成本。

Diane [went into labour](bold) at 2 o'clock.

The [labour pains](bold) were unbearable.

[labour ward/room](bold)(=a room in a hospital where women give birth)

something that is hard work but that you do because you want to

After several hours' gardening, we sat down to admire the results of our labours.

在花园里干了几个小时以后，我们坐下来欣赏自己的劳动成果。


labour

([BrE](special)) AmE labor  [v](bold) <[I](bold)>

他们一整天都在磨坊里辛勤工作。

I’ve been labouring over this report all morning.

整个上午我都在埋头写这份报告。

Ray had little talent but labored to acquire the skills of a writer.

雷天资不足，但仍努力想要掌握一名作家应具备的技巧。

labour under a delusion/misconception/misapprehension etc

She had laboured under the misconception that Bella liked her.

to describe or explain something in too much detail or when people have already understood it

一再阐述，反复解释〔对方已懂的事〕

I could see the bus labouring up the steep, windy road.

我看到公共汽车迎着大风在陡峭的道路上艰难行驶。


labourer

([BrE](special)) AmE laborer  [n](bold) <[C](bold)>

someone whose work needs physical strength, for example building work


lace

a fine cloth made with patterns of many very small holes

a string that is pulled through special holes in shoes or clothing to pull the edges together and fasten them


lace

把鞋带系好，否则你会绊倒的。

to add a small amount of alcohol or a drug to a drink

给〔饮料〕掺入〔酒或药物〕

to weave or twist several things together

把〔几个东西〕交织在一起