weekend

[dirty weekend](bold) at → [dirty](->dirty) 1 sense 2

You use [at the weekend](bold)  in British English, when saying that something happens on Saturday or Sunday: I went shopping at the weekend.
Don’t say: [I went shopping at weekend.](strike)  [in weekend](strike)

You use [on the weekend](bold)  in American English, when saying that something happens on Saturday or Sunday: I went shopping on the weekend.
Don’t say: [I went shopping on weekend.](strike)  [in weekend](strike)

You use these expressions when saying that something usually or regularly happens on Saturday or Sunday: She is only home at weekends ([(BrE)](bold)). She is only home on weekends ([(AmE)](bold)).
Don’t say: [She is only home on weekend.](strike)  [She is only home in weekend(s).](strike)

Don’t use [at](bold)  or [in](bold)  with these words.

You say [this weekend](bold) : The festival will be held this weekend.
Don’t say: [The festival will be held at this weekend.](strike)

You say [next weekend](bold) : Will you come to my house next weekend?
Don’t say: [Will you come to my house in next weekend?](strike)

You say [last weekend](bold) : I visited my grandparents last weekend.
Don’t say: [I visited my grandparents at last weekend.](strike)

The talks had been scheduled for the previous weekend.

The intention was to complete the work the following weekend.

(=Saturday, Sunday, and also Friday or Monday or both)

In August we had a long weekend in the Lake District.

(=a weekend that has days before or after it which are holidays)

The roads were jammed on the Friday before the holiday weekend.

She was looking forward to her weekend break in Paris.

(=a house you have in the country, where you spend your weekends)

A friend of mine has a weekend cottage on the South Coast, and we often go down there in summer.

Saturday and Sunday, especially considered as time when you do not work

Are you doing anything nice [this weekend](bold)?

这个周末你有什么好的安排？

[last/next weekend](bold)(=the weekend before or after this one)

[at the weekend](bold) BrE, [on the weekend](bold) AmE

[at weekends](bold) BrE, [on weekends](bold) AmE

Tony has been unwell [over the weekend](bold)(=during the weekend).

托尼这个周末身体不舒服。

We’re going to Paris for a [long weekend](bold)(=Saturday and Sunday, and also Friday or Monday, or both).

我们要到巴黎去度一个长周末。

[weekend cottage/cabin etc](bold)(=a place in the country where you spend your weekends)


weekly

[weekly](bold) adv. eg: The magazine is published weekly.


weep

I heard the sound of a woman weeping bitterly.

He was weeping quietly, allowing the tears to run down his cheeks.

I didn’t know if she would get well, and I wept buckets every night.

As she watched his plane taxi away, she broke down and wept.

(=cry and make loud sad noises – often used humorously)

The baby wept and wailed all the way through the ceremony.

[past tense and past participle](italic) [wept](bold) /wept/

to cry, especially because you feel very sad

〔尤因悲伤〕哭泣，流(泪)

詹姆斯情绪失控，哭了起来。

He [wept bitterly](bold)(=cried a lot) when it was time for us to leave.

我们要分别的时候他痛哭了一场。

In everyday English, people usually say [cry](bold)  rather than [weep](bold) :

She was [crying](bold) all the way through the movie.

used to say that you felt very disappointed about something

I could have wept thinking what I’d missed.

想想自己错过的这一切，我真想大哭一场。

if a wound weeps, liquid comes out of it


weigh

weigh down
weigh in
weigh on
weigh out
weigh up

Do you know [how much](bold) it [weighs](bold)?

[What](bold)(=how much) do you [weigh](bold)?

The box was full of books and [weighed a ton](bold)(=was very heavy).

这箱子里放满了书，重得很。

[Weigh](bold)  is a linking verb in this meaning. It links the subject of the sentence with a noun, often an amount: The package weighed several kilos.

to use a machine to discover how much something or someone weighs

to consider something carefully so that you can make a decision about it

认真研究证据是我的职责。

We have to weigh the benefits of the scheme against the costs.

我们必须把这个方案的好处和费用放在一起进行权衡。

to influence someone’s opinion and the decision that they make

This unfortunate experience will [weigh heavily](bold) against further investment in the area.

这次遗憾的经历将大大影响对这个地区的进一步投资。

Her evidence [weighed strongly](bold) with the judge.

她的证词对法官影响很大。

to think very carefully about what you say because you do not want to say the wrong thing

〔因不想说错话而〕斟字酌句，推敲字眼


weight

He had put on weight since she last saw him.

She lost a lot of weight when she was ill.

(=try not to get fatter, by eating the correct foods)

He has to watch his weight because he has a heart condition.

I changed my eating habits so I’d keep the weight off.

The medication can cause rapid weight gain.

After the first month, weight loss slows down.

(=what someone should weigh, according to their height and body type)

She weighs about 10lbs more than her ideal weight.

(=the pounds that make you heavier than you should be)

You’ll feel better if you lose the excess weight.

how heavy something is when you measure it

The average weight of a baby at birth is just over seven pounds.

婴儿的平均出生体重是七磅多一点。

Fruit and vegetables are sold by weight.

水果和蔬菜是称重出售的。

你不应该担心自己的体重。

→ [overweight](->overweight) → [underweight](->underweight)

The weight of her boots made it hard for Sue to run.

沉重的靴子使休跑起来很困难。

I didn’t know if the bridge would [support](bold) our [weight](bold).

我不知道这座桥能否承受住我们的重量。

Karen staggered along under the weight of her backpack.

卡伦背着沉重的背包，蹒跚而行。

I can’t lift heavy weights because of my bad back.

我因背部有毛病提不了重物。

something that causes you a lot of worry because you have to deal with it

She felt a great weight of responsibility.

她感到责任很重，压力很大。

families who are crumbling under the weight of increasing debt

因债务越来越多而不堪重负的家庭

Selling the house is [a weight off my mind](bold)(=something that no longer causes a lot of worry).

卖掉房子卸下了我心头的一副重担。

if something has weight, it is important and influences people

She knew that her opinion [carried](bold) very little [weight](bold).

她知道自己的看法无足轻重。

This scandal adds more weight to their arguments.

这桩丑闻进一步验证了他们的论点。

The weight of evidence is that unemployment leads to all sorts of health problems.

大量证据显示失业会导致各种健康问题。

The weight of public opinion is behind the teachers.

They won the battle by sheer [weight of numbers](bold)(=very large numbers of people).

他们取胜纯粹靠的是人数优势。

a piece of metal that weighs an exact amount and is balanced against something else to measure how much the other thing weighs

a piece of metal that weighs an exact amount and is lifted by people as a sport

I’ve been [lifting weights](bold) since I was 18.

我从18岁起就开始练举重了。

to use your position of authority to tell people what to do in an unpleasant and unreasonable way

to use all your power and influence to support someone or something

The US has thrown its weight behind the new leader.

美国倾其全力支持这位新领导人。


weight

to fix a heavy object to something in order to keep it in place

The fishing nets are weighted down with lead.

to change something slightly so that you give more importance to particular ideas or people

a temptation to weight the report in favour of the option you want

试图修改报告使其偏向自己所想方案的念头


weird

[weirdly](bold) adv. eg: a weirdly shaped rock

very strange and unusual, and difficult to understand or explain

→see THESAURUS at [strange](->strange) 1

A really weird thing happened last night.

昨晚发生了一件非常奇怪的事。

They sell all sorts of [weird and wonderful](bold)(=very strange) products.

他们出售各种稀奇古怪的产品。


welcome

used to greet someone who has just arrived

欢迎〔用于对刚刚到达的人表示欢迎〕

[Welcome back](bold) – it’s good to see you again.

欢迎回来——很高兴又见到你了。


welcome

a polite way of replying to someone who has just thanked you for something

‘Thanks for the coffee.’ ‘You’re welcome.’

“谢谢你的咖啡。”“别客气。”

if someone is welcome in a place, other people are glad that they are there

I had the feeling I wasn’t really welcome.

我感觉到我其实不受欢迎。

I didn’t [feel welcome](bold) in the club.

我觉得我在俱乐部里不受欢迎。

Mary [made](bold) us very [welcome](bold).

玛丽让我们感觉很受欢迎。

We try to [make](bold) the new students [feel welcome](bold).

我们尽量让新同学感到自己是受欢迎的。

if something is welcome, you enjoy it because you feel that you need it

The weekend was a [welcome break](bold) from the pressures of work.

这个周末没有工作的压力，舒舒服服地休息了一下。

Six months in Scotland would [make a welcome change](bold) from London.

在苏格兰的六个月将是离开伦敦换个环境的好机会。

if something is welcome, you are glad that it has happened

The increase in interest rates is welcome news for investors.

提高利率对投资者来说是个很好的消息。

This new funding will come as a welcome boost for the industry.

这笔新资金对该行业将是积极的促进。

used to say that someone can have something if they want it, because you certainly do not want it

可随意拥有 …〔因为说话者不需要〕

If you want to take the job you’re welcome to it!

你如果想要这份工作，那你来做吧！

used to invite someone to do something if they would like to

可随意做某事〔用于邀请某人做某事〕


welcome

to say hello in a friendly way to someone who has just arrived

迎接，欢迎〔刚到达的人〕

我必须在那里迎接我的客人。

They [welcomed](bold) us [warmly](bold).

His family [welcomed](bold) me [with open arms](bold)(=in a very friendly way).

他的家人热情友好地欢迎我。

The college welcomes applications from people of all races.

本学院欢迎任何种族的人提交申请。

We would [welcome](bold) any advice or suggestions [with open arms](bold).

to be glad that something has happened because you think it is a good idea

欢迎，乐于接受〔已发生的事〕

Economists have welcomed the decision to raise interest rates.

经济学家们欢迎提高利率的决定。


welcome

They had planned a big welcome for Martin.

He returned to his homeland to a rapturous welcome in 1996

The audience gave the band a rousing welcome.

The owner offers a hearty welcome to guests.

The Queen was given a decent welcome by the crowd.

Staff and students extended a warm welcome to visiting parents.

His wrinkled face broke into a smile of welcome.

The mayor made a brief speech of welcome.

the way in which you greet someone when they arrive at a place

His colleagues [gave](bold) him a very warm [welcome](bold) when he returned to work.

他回来工作时，同事们非常热情地欢迎他。

You can be sure of a friendly welcome at all our hotels.

在我们的每一家酒店，你都一定会受到热情接待。

The president [got](bold) a tremendous [welcome](bold) at the airport.

总统在机场受到了隆重欢迎。

the way in which people react to an idea, and show that they like it or do not like it

Politicians have [given](bold) an enthusiastic [welcome to](bold) the Queen’s speech.

The proposals have so far [received](bold) a cautious [welcome](bold) from government ministers.

这些提议到目前为止受到了政府各部长的谨慎对待。

to stay at someone’s house longer than they want you to

因做客时间太久而不再受欢迎


welfare

someone’s welfare is their health and happiness

Our only concern is the children’s welfare.

我们唯一关心的是孩子们的幸福。

help that is provided for people who have personal or social problems

〔对有个人或社会问题的人提供的〕帮助；福利

the provision of education and welfare services

教育、福利的公共服务提供

The company’s welfare officer deals with employees’ personal problems.

公司负责福利的工作人员处理雇员的个人问题。

money that is paid by the government in the US to people who are very poor or unemployed

〔政府向穷人或失业者发放的〕救济金

Most of the people in this neighborhood are on welfare.

这一街区的大多数人都领取福利救济。


well

It was well after ten o'clock when we arrived.

The school’s performance was well above average.

This total falls well short of the sum required.

Stand well back from the edge of the platform.

The work on the extension is well underway.

[comparative](italic) [better](bold) /ˈbetə/ US /-ər/ [superlative](italic) [best](bold) /best/

就詹姆斯的年龄来说，他的阅读能力算不错了。

今天所有队员都打得很不错。

有压力时西蒙的工作表现就不好。

The concert [went](bold) very [well](bold).

It was well after 12 o'clock when they arrived.

他们到达时早过了12点。

The amphitheatre is [well worth](bold) a visit.

那座露天圆形剧场很值得参观。

I’m [well aware](bold) of the problems involved.

I went out and got [well and truly](bold)(=completely) drunk.

to be successful, especially in work or business

〔尤指在工作或生意上〕成功，干得好

Elizabeth’s [done well for](bold) herself since she moved to London.

伊丽莎白自从到了伦敦以后干得非常好。

if someone who has been ill is doing well, they are becoming healthy again

He had the operation yesterday, and he’s doing very well.

他昨天做了手术，恢复得很好。

in addition to something or someone else

[As well](bold)  is used mostly in spoken English. In written English, people usually prefer to use [also](bold) :

They own a house in France as well as a villa in Spain.

他们除了在西班牙有一处别墅，在法国还有一栋房子。

The organization gives help and support to people in need, as well as raising money for local charities.

该机构为贫困者提供帮助，还为当地的慈善机构募捐。

used to say that something is likely to happen or is likely to be true

You could try the drugstore, but it might well be closed by now.

你可以到药店去看看，不过现在有可能关门了。

used when you do not particularly want to do something but you decide you should do it

used to mean that another course of action would have an equally good result

倒不如〔用于表示另一个行动也可能产生同样好的结果〕

The taxi was so slow we might just as well have gone on the bus.

出租车开得那么慢，我们当时还不如乘公共汽车呢。

used to say that you cannot do something because it would be unacceptable

I can’t very well tell him we don’t want him at the party!

我总不能告诉他我们不想让他参加聚会吧！

used to say that someone does know something even though they are behaving as if they do not

当然知道，十分清楚〔尽管某人表现得似乎并不知道〕

to talk about someone in an approving way or to have a favourable opinion of them

used to praise someone when you think they have done something very well

used to say that you agree with what someone has just said, or that you admire them for saying it

If we can get that grant from the local authority, we’ll be well away.

如果能从地方政府得到那笔拨款，我们就会获得很大进展。

to have a friendly relationship with someone, especially someone important

与某人〔尤指要人〕关系密切

She’s very well in with members of the management committee.

她和管理委员会的成员关系很好。

to be lucky to no longer be involved in a particular situation

幸而不受某事牵连；幸而摆脱了某事

to know a lot about a particular subject

对 …很了解，是 …的行家

Geoff’s always been well up on the internet.

杰夫对因特网一直都懂得很多。

used to say that there is a good reason for someone’s feelings or reactions

某人应该如此〔用于表示某人的感受或反应有充分的理由〕

Marilyn looked guilty, as well she might.

玛丽莲看上去很内疚——她理应如此。


well

used to emphasize something you are saying

好，嗯〔用以强调所说之事〕

嗯，不管怎么说，我认为这是个好主意。

Well, I’ve had enough and I’m going home!

好吧，我受够了，我要回家了！

‘James doesn’t want to come to the cinema with us.’ ‘[Well then](bold), let’s go on our own.’

“詹姆斯不想和我们一起去看电影。”“那好，我们就自己去吧。”

used to pause or give yourself time to think before saying something

嗯，这个〔用于停顿片刻或使自己在说话前有时间考虑〕

Well, let’s see now, I could meet you on Thursday.

嗯，让我想一想，我可以在星期四见你。

used to show that you accept a situation even though you feel disappointed or annoyed about it

好吧，算了〔对不愉快的事表示接受〕

Well, I did my best – I can’t do any more than that.

好了，我已经尽力了，只能做到这样了。

Oh well, we’ll just have to cancel the holiday, I suppose.

那好吧，我想我们只能取消这次休假了。

哎呀，哟〔表示惊讶或高兴〕

哎呀，这么说史蒂夫得到那份工作了？

Well, well, well, I didn’t think I’d see you here.

哎哟喂，没想到会在这里见到你。

哎，哼，唉〔表示生气或不赞成〕

Well, she could at least have phoned to say she wasn’t coming!

哼，她至少可以打个电话说她不来了！

used to show that you are about to finish speaking or doing something

好了，好啦〔表示准备结束讲话或停止做某事〕

好啦，最后一件事情干完啦。

used to show that you are not sure about something

哦〔表示对某事并无把握〕

‘Will you be in on Friday evening?’ ‘Well, it depends.’

“星期五晚上你在吗？”“哦，要看情况。”

used to slightly change something that you have said

哦〔用于纠正刚刚说过的话〕

He’s rolling in money! Well, he’s got a lot more than me, anyway.

他有的是钱！哦，应该说至少比我有钱多了。

used to show that you agree with an idea or accept a suggestion

好吧〔表示同意某一想法或接受某一建议〕

“好吧，”他说，“我接受。”

used to continue a story you are telling people, especially in order to make it seem more interesting

对了，于是〔向人讲述某故事时的接续用语，尤以为讲述增色为目的〕

You know that couple I was telling you about the other day? Well, last night I saw a police car in front of their house!

你知道那天我跟你讲的那对夫妻吧？是这样的，昨晚我看见一辆警车停在他们家门前！

used to ask someone to answer a question you have asked them, when you are angry with them

怎么样？〔用于要求别人回答所提问题〕

Well? What have you got to say for yourself?

怎么样？你有什么要为自己辩解的吗？


well

[comparative](italic) [better](bold) [superlative](italic) [best](bold)

“你好吗？”“很好，谢谢。”

You’re [looking](bold) very [well](bold).

used to say that things have happened in a good or fortunate way

正好( …)，幸好( …)

It’s just as well I kept some money aside for emergencies.

used to say that something seems to be a good idea, but is not really possible or helpful

…好是好，可是 …〔表示某事看似不错，但并非真正可行或有益〕

It’s all very well the doctors telling me I’ve got to rest, but who’s going to look after my children?

医生叫我休息是很好，可谁来照顾我的孩子呢？

used to say that something is good or enjoyable, but it also has some disadvantages

Going off on foreign holidays is all well and good, but you’ve got to get back to reality sometime.

到国外度假当然好，但你总得回到现实中来。

used to give someone advice or make a helpful suggestion

最好 …〔给某人劝告或提出有用的意见〕

It might be as well to make him rest for a few days.

used to say that a situation is satisfactory or not satisfactory

〔情况〕令人满意/不满意

used to say that a difficult situation has ended with a good result. It is the title of a humorous play by William Shakespeare about the relationship between the two main characters, Helena and Bertram.

结果好就一切都好〔莎士比亚一喜剧《终成眷属》即得名于此〕


well

a deep hole in the ground from which people take water

the space in a tall building where the stairs are


well

also: [well up](bold)  [v](bold) <[I](bold)> [literary](special)

if a liquid wells or wells up, it comes to the surface of something and starts to flow out

I felt [tears well up](bold) in my eyes.

if a feeling wells or wells up in you, you start to feel it strongly


well-being

a feeling of being comfortable, healthy, and happy

We are responsible for the care and well-being of all our patients.

我们承担所有病人的护理工作，并对他们的健康负责。

A good meal promotes a feeling of well-being.

the physical and emotional well-being of the children

the well-being of a country is the state in which it is strong and doing well

We are now concerned for the [economic well-being](bold) of the country.

我们现在担心国家的经济繁荣。


well-established

something that is well-established has existed for a long time and is respected or trusted by people


well-known

[comparative](italic) [better-known](bold) [superlative](italic) [best-known](bold)

It’s a well-known fact that smoking can cause lung cancer.

抽烟会引起肺癌，这是一个众所周知的事实。

这可能是他们最有名的歌曲。

He was well-known for his extreme political views.

他以极端的政治观点著称。


west

the direction towards which the sun goes down, and which is on the left if you are facing north

从西面吹来一股潮湿的风。

There’s a slight chance of some sunshine in the west.

西部地区见晴的可能性不大。


west

West  [adj](bold) <[only before noun](bold)> written abbreviation: W


west

The route then heads west over Gerrick Moor.

之后这条路折向西，穿过格里克沼泽。

The walk starts at Alnham, six miles west of Bridge of Aln.

这次徒步始于阿尔恩桥以西六英里的阿尔恩罕。

to or in the western part of a country or area, especially the US

向[在]〔某国或地区，尤指美国的〕西部

这家人搬到西部的堪萨斯州去了。

上西天，归西〔幽默用法〕

to be damaged or ruined – used humorously

坏了，完蛋了〔幽默用法〕


western

→ [country and western](->country and western)

Western  [adj](bold) written abbreviation: W

in or from the west of a country or area

relating to ideas and ways of doing things that come from Europe and the Americas

〔观念或方式〕西方的，欧美的


western

a film about life in the 19th century in the American West, especially the lives of cowboys

西部片，西部电影〔描写19世纪美国西部生活，尤其是牛仔生活的电影〕


wet

I’ve just washed my hair and it’s still wet.

You’d better change out of those wet clothes.

slightly wet, especially in a pleasant way – used about soil, food, or about someone’s skin or eyes

Her eyes became moistshe was almost crying.

feeling slightly wet, cold, and sticky – used about someone’s skin, especially when they are nervous or ill

Ruby was feverish and clammy with sweat.

unpleasantly wet and soft – used especially about food or the ground

It had been raining hard and the ground was soggy underfoot.

used when the weather is hot but the air feels wet in a way that makes you uncomfortable

very wet all the way through – used especially about people and their clothes

It absolutely poured with rain and we got soaked.

very wet – used about a person or area after a lot of rain or water has fallen on them

Everyone got drenched when a huge wave hit the boat.

The garden was completely drenched after the rain.

extremely wet, and unable to take in any more water or liquid

The floods were the result of heavy rainfall on already saturated soil.

/ˈwɔːtəlɒɡd / US /ˈwɒːtərlɒːɡd, ˈwɑː-, -lɑːɡd/

used about ground that has water on its surface because it is so wet that it cannot take in any more

The game was cancelled because the field was waterlogged.

very wet with water – used about clothes and the ground. [Sodden](bold) is less common than [soaked](bold)

It never stopped raining and our clothes were wet through.

We both got very wet when we tried to give the dog a bath.

[comparative](italic) [wetter](bold) [superlative](italic) [wettest](bold)

covered in or full of water or another liquid

I’ve washed your shirt but it’s still wet.

我把你的衬衫洗了，不过现在还是湿的。

带把雨伞，不然你会被淋湿的。

The man in the boat was [wet through](bold)(=completely wet).

There’s more [wet weather](bold) on the way.

有记录以来雨天最多的夏季

someone who is wet does not have a strong character, or is not willing to do something that you think they should do – used to show disapproval

〔人〕犹豫不决的，软弱的〔含贬义〕

Don’t be so wet! Just tell them you don’t want to go.

别这么窝囊！就告诉他们你不想去。

if a child or its nappy is wet, the nappy is full of urine

very young and without much experience of life

年轻而没有人生经验；乳臭未干


wet

to put water or another liquid onto something to make it wet. In spoken English, people will often use [get something wet](bold) rather than [wet](bold)

He wet the washcloth and washed Tom’s face.

to make someone or something wet by making a lot of small drops of water fall onto them

The kids were playing around in the pool, splashing each other.

I accidentally splashed soup onto my shirt.

to put something in water for a long time or to make something very wet – use this especially when something is put into water or the water comes up from underneath to make it wet

Soak the beans overnight before cooking.

The rain had come in through the bottom of our tent and completely soaked our clothes.

to make someone or something extremely wet with a large amount of water – use this especially when water is poured or falls on something

to completely cover or fill something with liquid, so that it is wet all the way through

to cover an area of land with a large amount of water

Farmers flood the fields in order to grow rice.

to make something slightly wet by putting a small amount of water or another liquid on it, especially to stop it from getting too dry

Add just enough water to moisten the cake mixture.

to make something slightly wet by putting a little water on it

Rain came in through the window, dampening the curtains.

[past tense and past participle](italic) [wet](bold) or [past tense and past participle](italic) [wetted](bold) [present participle](italic) [wetting](bold)

to make yourself, your clothes, or your bed wet because you pass water from your body by accident

Sam’s [wet](bold) his [bed](bold) again.


wet

The path is steep and dangerous in the wet.

a politician who belongs to the conservative party, and who supports very moderate ideas – used to show disapproval

保守党温和派成员〔含贬义〕

someone who does not have a strong character, or is not willing to do something that you think they should do – used to show disapproval

软弱的人；窝囊废〔含贬义〕


whale

The beached whales are quite obviously very distressed.

You can go whale watching off the coast.

Some countries continue to hunt whales, even though they have no real use for them and the whales are in danger of extinction.

Greenpeace campaigns to save the whales.

(=comes up through the surface of the water)

He got a picture of a whale breaching, with droplets of water glittering in the sun.

Scientists believe that whale song is used to communicate.

(=fat from whales that has been made into oil)

Whale meat was once part of the local people's diet.

a very large animal that lives in the sea and looks like a fish, but is actually a mammal


what

[what does it matter?](bold) at → [matter](->matter) 2 sense 3 [what does sb care](bold) at → [care](->care) 2 sense 6 [have what it takes](bold) at → [take](->take) 1 sense 4 [I/I’ll tell you what](bold) at → [tell](->tell) sense 13 [guess what](bold) at → [guess](->guess) 1 sense 6

used to ask for information or for someone’s opinion

什么〔用于询问信息或征求意见〕

What do you mean, you want to spend Christmas alone?

你是什么意思，你想一个人过圣诞节？

[what on earth/in the world/in heaven’s name etc](bold)(=used for emphasis when you are surprised, angry etc)

When there are only a small number of possible things or people, you use [which](bold) , not [what](bold) : Which leg did he break? Which brother do you mean?
Don’t say: [What leg did he break?](strike)  [What brother do you mean?](strike)

used to introduce a clause about something that is or was not known or not certain

什么；什么事〔用于引导疑问从句〕

没人确切地知道发生了什么事。

It is not clear to what extent these views were shared.

不清楚有多少人认同这些观点。

他们正在讨论下一步怎么办。

I could get you a job here if that’s what you want.

我可以给你在这里找份工作，如果这就是你想要的。

She gave him what money she had (=all the money she had, although she did not have much).

她把她仅有的钱全都给了他。

[What](bold)  is not a relative pronoun and should not be used to begin a clause after a noun or pronoun. Use [that ](bold) instead. You say: There are so many things that can go wrong.
Don’t say: [There are so many things what can go wrong.](strike)

used at the beginning of a statement to emphasize what you are going to say

…的是 …〔用在陈述句的开始，强调准备说的内容〕

What that kid needs is some love and affection.

那个孩子需要的是一些爱和关怀。

What we’ll do is leave a note for Mum to tell her we won’t be back till late.

我们要做的是给妈妈留一张便条，告诉她我们要很晚才回来。

What matters is the British people and British jobs.

重要的是英国的人民和英国的就业机会。

used to ask someone to repeat something they have just said because you did not hear it properly

什么？〔因没有听清楚而要求对方重复所说的话〕

‘Could you turn the music down a bit?’ ‘What?’

“你能不能把音乐调低一点？”“什么？”

used when you have heard someone calling to you and you are asking them what they want

什么事？〔因对方召唤而作出应答〕

“伊莱恩！”“什么事？”“快一点！”

used to show that you are surprised or shocked by something that someone has just said

什么？〔对他人所说的话表示惊讶或震惊〕

‘I think I’ve lost my passport.’ ‘What?’

“我想我护照丢了。”“什么？”

used at the beginning of a sentence to emphasize that you think something or someone is very good, very bad etc

多么，何等〔用在句子开头，强调某事或某人很好或很坏等〕

used to ask someone to complete a name when they have only given you the first part of it

什么〔用于问清别人的全名〕

‘Do you know his name?’ ‘It’s David.’ ‘David what?’

“你知道他的名字吗？”“戴维。”“戴维什么？”

…怎么样〔用以提出建议〕

What about dinner at my place next week?

used to introduce a new subject into a conversation, or to mention something or someone else that also needs to be considered

…怎么样？〔用于在交谈中引入新话题，或提及也需要考虑的其他事或人〕

What about Patrick? What’s he doing nowadays?

帕特里克怎么样？他现在在干什么？

我呢？难道我不一起去吗？

So that’s the food – now what about the wine?

所以这些是吃的，那么酒呢？

And what of her other job? How is that progressing?

她的另一份工作呢？进展如何？

‘She’s decided to work part-time.’ ‘What for?’

“她决定去做兼职。”“为什么？”

used to ask what purpose or use something has

这个小玩意儿是干什么用的？

used to give yourself time to think before guessing a number or amount

嗯，哦〔猜测数目或数量前给自己时间考虑〕

You’re looking at, what, about £4,000 for a decent second-hand car.

买一辆像样的二手车，你得考虑花，嗯，大约4,000英镑。

(also: [what d'you call him/her/it](bold) [what's his/her face](bold) )

used when talking about a person or thing whose name you cannot immediately remember

他/她/它叫什么来着〔用于谈论一时记不起名字的人或物时〕

The hospital have just got a, what d'you call it, er ... a scanner.

医院刚买了一台叫什么来着，嗯——扫描器。

used when adding information that emphasizes what you are saying

而且〔用于补充信息，强调自己所说的话〕

Gas is a very efficient fuel. And what’s more, it’s clean.

天然气是高效燃料，而且还清洁。

the real facts about a situation that are important to know

She’s been working here long enough to know what’s what.

她已经在这里工作很长时间了，很了解情况。

used to tell someone angrily that something does not concern them

That’s right, I didn’t pass. What’s it to you, anyway?

没错，我是没及格，可这跟你又有什么关系？

‘How did he die?’ Suddenly Emily was angry. ‘What’s it to you?’

“他怎么死的？”埃米莉突然生气了。“那跟你有什么关系？”

used at the end of a question to show that you are impatient with someone or something

还是(别的)什么〔用于疑问句的末尾表示不耐烦〕

Is that work going to be finished by Friday, or what?

那项工作是星期五完成还是怎么样？

used after mentioning one or more possibilities to show that you are not certain about something

还是别的什么〔用于列举的一个或多个可能性之后，表示对某事不确定〕

I don’t know whether it was an accident or on purpose or what.

我不知道这是意外还是人为所致，或是其他什么原因。

used after a description of someone or something to emphasize it

很，非常〔用于对某人或某物的描述后，表示强调〕

Nearby are the remains of a deserted village. Spooky or what?

附近有一处废弃村庄的遗址，特别可怕吧？

used to say that you do not care about something or think it is important

那有什么了不起？那又怎样？〔表示某人对某事无所谓或认为某事不重要〕

‘Your room looks a real mess, Tracey.’ ‘So what?’

“你的房间真乱，特雷西。”“那又怎么样？”

‘But, Paul, she’s so much older than you.’ ‘What of it?’

“可是，保罗，她年龄比你大那么多。”“那又怎样？”

used to ask someone to repeat something they have just said. It is more polite to say pardon

你说什么？〔用于让对方重复一遍所说的话，这种情况下说pardon较为礼貌〕

‘I want to tell you something.’ ‘You what? I can’t hear what you’re saying.’

“我想跟你说件事。”“你说什么？我听不到你说的话。”

“所以我辞职了。”“你说什么？”

used to ask what you should do or what the result will be if something happens, especially something unpleasant

如果 …怎么办？如果 …将会怎样？

What if this plan of yours fails, what then?

如果你的这个计划失败了，那又该怎么办？

‘What if it rains tomorrow?’ ‘We’ll just have to postpone it.’

“要是明天下雨怎么办？”“我们就只好延期。”

如果 …怎么样？〔用以提出建议〕

What if we moved the sofa over here? Would that look better?

我们把沙发挪到这边怎么样？那样看起来会好些吗？

used at the end of a list of things to mean other things of a similar kind

The shelves were crammed with books, documents, and what have you.

架子上塞满了书、文件之类的东西。

used to introduce a list of reasons that have made something happen or made someone feel in a particular way

因为某事，由于某事〔用于列举各种理由〕

She couldn’t get to sleep, what with all the shooting and shouting.

枪声和叫喊声此起彼伏，她无法入睡。

used to ask why a person or group of people is behaving strangely

某人怎么啦？〔用于询问某人或某些人为何行为古怪〕

一个个都苦着脸，怎么回事？

used to ask what is going to happen next, what you should do etc

下一步会怎样？下一步怎么办？

used to say that something has no bad qualities or features

谁不喜欢？〔用于表示某物很好〕


whatever

any or all of the things that are wanted, needed, or possible

任何 …的事物；什么 …都

The children were allowed to do whatever they liked.

孩子们可以想干什么就干什么。

He’ll be ready to accept whatever help he can get.

他将愿意接受能得到的任何帮助。

I am willing to pay whatever price you ask.

used to say that it is not important what happens, what you do etc because it does not change the situation

Whatever I suggest, he always disagrees.

无论我提什么建议，他总是不同意。

The building must be saved, whatever the cost.

不论代价多大都要保护这座建筑物。

If you are unable to attend the interview, for whatever reason, you should inform us immediately.

如果你不能参加面谈，不管什么原因，你应该立即通知我们。

used to tell someone that it is very important that they do a particular thing, or do not do it

Whatever you do, slow down and take your time.

不管怎样，你要放慢速度，不要着急。

used to say that you do not know the exact meaning of something, or the exact name of someone or something

…什么来着〔用于表示不知道某人的姓名或某事物的确切名称或含义〕

The doctor says she’s got fibrositis, whatever that is.

医生说她得了纤维织炎什么的。

Why don’t you invite Seb, or whatever he’s called, to supper?

你为什么不邀请那个叫塞博还是什么的人来吃晚饭？

used after mentioning one or two things to mean other things of the same kind

任何类似的东西〔用于已经提及的一两个东西之后表示同类的其他东西〕

You could put an advert in some magazine, journal, newspaper, or whatever.

你可以在某个杂志、期刊、报纸什么的上面登个广告。

used when asking a question to emphasize that you are surprised or slightly angry about something

究竟是什么〔用于疑问句中，强调对某事感到惊讶或有些生气〕

‘Did you know she’s dyed her hair orange?’ ‘[Whatever next?](bold)’

“你知不知道她把头发染成橙色了？”“她接下来还会干什么？”

used as a reply to say that you do not care what is done or chosen, or that the exact details of something do not matter

什么都可以，随便什么都行

‘What flavour do you want? Strawberry, vanilla ...?’ ‘Whatever.’

‘It was Monday, not Tuesday.’ ‘Whatever.’

used to tell someone that you agree with them or will do what they want, especially when you do not really agree or want to do it

‘How about camping, just for a change?’ ‘OK, whatever you want.’

‘I think we’d better discuss this with your parents.’ ‘Whatever you think best.’


whatever

丝毫；任何〔用于强调否定句〕

She has shown no interest whatever in anything scientific.

凡是与科学有关的她都没有表现出任何兴趣。

This is just a stupid argument that has nothing whatever to do with your job.

这只是一场无聊的争论，和你的工作没有任何关系。


whatsoever

丝毫；任何〔用于强调否定句〕


wheat

the grain that bread is made from, or the plant that it grows on

to choose the good and useful things or people and get rid of the others


wheel

[put your shoulder to the wheel](bold) at → [shoulder](->shoulder) 1 sense 8 [put a spoke in sb’s wheel](bold) at → [spoke](->spoke) 2 sense 2 [reinvent the wheel](bold) at → [reinvent](->reinvent) sense 3

Turn your front wheels in the direction of the skid.

The rear wheels of the bus got stuck in a creek.

(=turns around quickly, when the vehicle is not going along)

(=the thin metal bars that connect the outer ring of a wheel to the centre, especially on a bicycle wheel)

one of the round things under a car, bus, bicycle etc that turns when it moves

The car slid sideways, its rear [wheels spinning](bold).

汽车向一侧打滑，后轮猛转。

→ [four-wheel drive](->four-wheel drive)

the round piece of equipment that you turn to make a car, ship etc move in a particular direction

〔汽车等的〕方向盘，驾驶盘；〔轮船的〕舵轮盘

The driver must have [fallen asleep at the wheel](bold).

司机一定是在开车时睡着了。

Shall I [take the wheel](bold)(=drive instead of someone else)?

a flat round part in a machine that turns round when the machine operates

the way in which a complicated organization, system etc works

〔复杂的机构、体系等的〕运作方式

We hope that the next government will do more to keep [the wheels of industry](bold) turning (=help it to work smoothly and easily).

[oil/grease the wheels (of sth)](bold)(=help something to work more smoothly and easily)

The money people spend at Christmas oils the wheels of the economy.

人们在圣诞节所花的钱推动经济发展。

the way in which things change in life, or in which the same things seem to happen again after a period of time

命运之轮/生命之轮/时间的车轮等

We are powerless to stop the wheel of history.

我们无力阻挡历史的车轮。

used to say that a situation is complicated and difficult to understand because it involves processes and decisions that you know nothing about

错综复杂的情况，复杂的形势

set the wheels in motion/set the wheels turning

It only took one phone call to set the wheels in motion.

一个电话就能促成此事运作起来。

used to say that something suddenly stops being successful

〔某事〕掉链子〔顺风顺水的事情突然受挫〕

Why did the wheels come off his campaign?

He became a big wheel in the East India Company.

他成了东印度公司的要人。


wheel

to push something that has wheels somewhere

凯特把她的自行车推进车库。

to move someone or something that is in or on something that has wheels

用轮椅[手推车等]推动〔某人或某物〕

Two nurses were wheeling him into the operating theatre.

两名护士正把他推进手术室。

if birds or planes wheel, they fly around in circles

She wheeled around and started yelling at us.

她突然转身，冲着我们嚷嚷起来。

to do a lot of complicated and sometimes dishonest deals, especially in politics or business

〔尤指在政治或商业上〕投机取巧，玩弄手段


wheelchair

a chair with wheels, used by people who cannot walk

He’ll be in a wheelchair for the rest of his life.

他的余生都将在轮椅上度过。

Lynn has been [confined to a wheelchair](bold)(=has had to use a wheelchair) for the last year.

过去一年中林恩都被困在轮椅上。

special parking for [wheelchair users](bold)


when

You use the present tense with [when](bold) : What are you planning to do when you leave college?

Don’t use ‘will’ in the clause after [when](bold) .
Don’t say: [What are you planning to do when you will leave college?](strike)

You can also use the present perfect tense with [when](bold) : What are you planning to do when your course has finished?

When talking about the past, you can use the past perfect tense with [when](bold) : When the rain had stopped, they went outside.

at or during the time that something happens

during the time that something is happening – used to emphasize that something is continuing

I’ll make the salad while you set the table.

While we were on holiday, our house was burgled.

used in order to emphasize that something always happens when another thing happens

You can come and talk to me whenever you have a problem.

used in order to say that one thing has or will have already happened when something else happens

By the time a child is five, he will have watched hundreds of hours of television.

你是什么时候认识达纳尔博士的？

我不知道何时才能再见到她。

我会告诉你什么时候停下。

When the family came here from Russia, they were penniless.

那家人从俄罗斯迁来这里的时候身无分文。

When he was in the air force he flew Tornado jets.

他在空军服役时驾驶“狂风”战斗机。

在〔某事发生〕后；一 …就 …

When the meal was finished, Rachel washed up and made coffee.

吃完饭，雷切尔洗了碗并泡了咖啡。

我到家后会再给你打电话。

used to mention a type of event or situation when talking about what happens on occasions of that type

When lead is added to petrol, it improves the car’s performance.

汽油中加铅可以提高汽车的性能。

When mixed with water the powder forms a smooth paste.

这种粉末和水混合以后会成为均匀的糊状。

He always wears glasses except when playing football.

除了踢足球的时候，他一直戴着眼镜。

used to show which particular time or occasion you are talking about

…的时候〔用于表示某一具体时刻或场合〕

The best moment was when he scored the winning goal.

最精彩的一刻是他射入制胜球的时候。

She remembered the day when Paula had first arrived.

她想起了葆拉刚来的那一天。

The baby is due in May, by when the new house should be finished.

宝宝的预产期在五月，那时新房子也应该完工了。

That was written in 1946, since when the education system has undergone great changes.

那是1946年写的，自那以后教育体制经历了巨大的变革。

used to show that you are very surprised or angry

从何时起 …？〔表示非常惊讶或愤怒〕

Since when have you been interested in my feelings?

你从什么时候起开始关心我的感受了？

Why does she steal things when she could easily afford to buy them?

她完全买得起，为什么还要偷东西呢？

used to introduce a fact or statement that makes something seem surprising

既然；在 …情况下；如果

When you consider that the airline handled 80 million passengers last year, the accident figures are really very small.

如果你考虑到这家航空公司去年运送了8,000万名乘客，那么这个事故率其实是非常低的。


whenever

every time that a particular thing happens

Larry always blames me whenever anything goes wrong.

每每有什么事情出现问题，拉里总是责怪我。

Whenever I hear that tune, it makes me think of you.

每当听到那曲子，我就会想起你。

你随便什么时候想来看我就来吧。

a policy of using recycled paper [whenever possible](bold)

used as a reply to say that it does not matter what time something happens

‘I’ll call you tomorrow or the day after.’ ‘Okay. Whenever.’

“我明天或后天打电话给你。”“好，什么时候都行。”


where

你知道我的眼镜在哪儿吗？

‘We’re going on a long journey.’ ‘Where to?’

“我们即将远行。”“去哪里？”

They’re easy to find, if you know where to look.

如果你知道去哪里找，就很容易找到他们。

[where on earth/in the world etc](bold)(=used for emphasis when you are surprised, angry etc)

Where on earth have you been all this time?

你这段时间究竟去哪里了？

She was standing exactly where you are standing now.

她就站在你现在所站的地方。

In 1963 we moved to Boston, where my grandparents lived.

1963年我们搬到波士顿，我祖父母就住在那里。

used to talk about a particular stage in a process, conversation, story etc

The treatment will continue until the patient reaches the point where he can walk correctly and safely.

治疗将一直持续到病人可以正常并安全行走的时候。

You are saying that everyone should be equal, and this is where I disagree.

你说人人都应该是平等的，这一点我不能苟同。

Now, where were we? Oh yes, we were talking about John.

好了，我们说到哪里了？噢，对了，我们正在说约翰。

used to ask or talk about the origin of something or someone

哪里〔指某物的来源或某人的来历〕

super这个单词是从哪里来的？

Where does this man get the money to keep two houses?

这个男人哪来那么多钱，能有两幢房子？

I wonder where he gets these strange ideas.

我不知道他这些奇怪的念头是从哪里来的。

used to say that one person, thing, opinion etc is different from another

〔表示某人、某物、某观点等与众不同〕

Where others might have been satisfied, Dawson had higher ambitions.

别人或许这样就满足了，可道森却有更大的雄心。


whereabouts

used to ask in what general area something or someone is

在哪里，在哪一带〔用于询问大概地点〕


whereabouts

the place or area where someone or something is

〔某人或某物的〕去向，行踪

He showed great reluctance to reveal his whereabouts.

他极不愿意说出他的行踪。

The police want to know the whereabouts of his brother.

警方想知道他弟弟的下落。


whereas

used to say that although something is true of one thing, it is not true of another

The old system was fairly complicated whereas the new system is really very simple.

旧系统相当复杂，而新系统却很简单。

Whereas the city spent over $1 billion on its museums and stadium, it failed to look after its schools.

这个城市花了超十亿美元建造博物馆和体育馆，但是却忽略了对学校的建设。

used at the beginning of an official document to mean ‘because of a particular fact’


whereby

a proposal whereby EU citizens would be allowed to reside anywhere in the EU

允许欧盟公民在欧盟任何地方居住的一项提议


wherever

to or at any place, position, or situation

无论去哪里；无论在哪里；无论什么情况下

Children will play wherever they happen to be.

小孩子走到哪里玩到哪里。

[... or wherever](bold)(=used to emphasize that you are talking about any place and not a specific place)

Dublin people dress more individually than people in London or wherever.

都柏林人比伦敦或任何其他地方的人都穿得有个性。

She is shadowed by detectives wherever she goes.

她走到哪里都有警探跟踪。

I feel I ought to be nice to them [wherever possible](bold)(=at all times when it is possible).

我觉得自己应该尽可能对他们好一点。

used at the beginning of a question to show surprise

究竟在哪儿〔用在疑问句句首，表示惊讶〕

‘Wherever did she find that?’ Daisy wondered.

“她究竟是在哪儿弄到那东西的呢？”黛西自忖道。

used to say that you do not know where a place or town is or have never heard of it

不知道是个什么地方〔表示不知道某个地方或城镇在哪里或从没有听说过〕

She wants to move to Far Flatley, wherever that is.

她想搬到法芙莱特里去，不知道是个什么地方。


whether

→ Do not confuse with the noun [weather](bold) (=conditions outside such as rain, snow, sun, wind etc).

used when talking about a choice you have to make or about something that is not certain

是否〔用于表示选择或对某事不确定〕

Maurice asked me whether I needed any help.

莫里斯问我是否需要帮助。

There were times when I wondered [whether or not](bold) we would get there.

有时候我也想知道我们能不能做得到。

She was uncertain [whether](bold) to stay [or](bold) leave.

她拿不定主意是该留下还是离开。

I didn’t know [whether](bold) to believe him [or not](bold).

The question arose [as to whether](bold) this behaviour was unlawful.

问题出现了：这种行为是否不合法？

used to say that something definitely will or will not happen whatever the situation is

不管，不论〔用于表示无论出现什么情况，某事肯定发生或不发生〕

It seemed to me that she was in trouble whether Mahoney lived or died.

依我看，不管马奥尼是活着还是死了，她都有麻烦。

Look, Kate, I’m calling the doctor, [whether](bold) you like it [or not](bold).

喂，凯特，我要打电话叫医生来，不管你愿不愿意。

Poor farmers, whether owners or tenants, will be worst affected.

可怜的农民，不管是自有农户还是佃户，都将是受影响最大的。


which

used to ask or talk about one or more members of a group of people or things, when you are uncertain about it or about them

Miranda was sure it was one of them, but was not sure which.

米兰达确定此人是他们其中的一个，但不能肯定是哪一个。

I don’t know which of us was the more scared.

我不知道我们之中谁更恐慌。

used after a noun to show what thing or things you mean

…的那个， …的那些〔用于指明事物〕

Did you see the letter which came today?

你看到今天来的那封信了吗？

Now they were driving by the houses which Andy had described.

他们正开车经过安迪描述过的那些房子。

used, after a comma in writing, to add more information about the thing, situation, or event you have just mentioned

〔在书面语中用于逗号之后，补充说明前面刚提及的事物、情况或事件〕

The house, which was completed in 1856, was famous for its huge marble staircase.

这房子建于1856年，以巨大的大理石楼梯闻名。

One of the boys kept laughing, which annoyed Jane intensely.

其中一个男孩不停地笑，这大大地惹恼了简。

He was educated at the local grammar school, after which he went on to Cambridge.

他在当地的语法学校接受教育，接着又上了剑桥大学。

She may have missed the train, [in which case](bold)(=if this has happened) she won’t arrive for another hour.

她可能没赶上火车，若是如此，她还要过一个小时才能到。

don’t know/can’t tell etc which is which

if you do not know which is which, you cannot see the difference between two very similar people or things

不知道/分不清哪个是哪个

The twins are so alike I can never tell which is which.

这对双胞胎长得如此相像，我怎么也分不清哪个是哪个。


whichever

used to say that it does not matter which thing or person is chosen because the result will be the same

It will be a difficult operation, whichever method you choose.

不管你选择哪种方法，手术都会很复杂。

Whichever way you look at it, things are pretty bad.

不管你怎么看，情况都相当糟。

used to refer to the member of a group of people or things that does something, is wanted, is possible etc

Whichever player scores the highest number of points will be the winner.

You can either have the double room or the family room, whichever you want.

你们可以住大床房或家庭房，随你们喜欢。

‘Do you want tea or coffee?’ ‘I don’t mind – [whichever one](bold) you’re making.’

“你要喝茶还是咖啡？”“我无所谓，你弄什么我喝什么。”


while

during the time that you are doing something, or something is happening

I bought a magazine while I was waiting for the train.

While we were on holiday, my bag was stolen.

at the same time as something else is happening

They’re still working on our bedroom. Meanwhile, we’re sleeping downstairs.

The Russians, meanwhile, declared war on August 8.

during the period of time between now and a future event, or between two events in the past

More aid is expected soon, but in the meantime these people are going hungry.

My new job hadn’t started, so in the meantime I tried to write a book.

while. [Whilst](bold) sounds a little more formal than [while](bold)

One American plane was forced to land whilst flying over North Korea.

Whilst all this was going on, the performers were getting ready for the show.

during the time that something is happening

They arrived while we were having dinner.

While she was asleep, thieves broke in and stole her handbag.

她睡着的时候，小偷闯进来偷走了她的手提包。

She met Andy while working on a production of ‘Carmen’.

排练《卡门》时，她认识了安迪。

all the time that something is happening

Would you look after the children while I do the shopping?

我买东西时你能不能照看一下孩子们？

You use the present tense, not ‘will’, with [while](bold)  when you are talking about the future: I hope to visit the British Museum while I am in London.
Don’t say [I hope to visit the British Museum while I will be in London.](strike)

used to emphasize the difference between two situations, activities etc

却；但是；而〔用于强调两种情况、活动等之间的差别〕

Schools in the north tend to be better equipped, while those in the south are relatively poor.

北方的学校设施往往要好一些，而南方的学校则相对差一些。

While never a big eater, he did snack a lot.

他虽然胃口从来都不大，但零食确实是吃得很多。

While there was no conclusive evidence, most people thought he was guilty.

虽然没有确凿的证据，大多数人还是认为他有罪。

used to suggest that someone should do something at the same time that they do something else

在做某事的同时〔做另一件事〕

Print out what you’ve written, and while you’re at it make a copy for me.

把你写的东西打印出来，同时给我也印一份。


while

[(every) once in a while](bold) at → [once](->once) 1 sense 8 [be worth sb’s while (to do/doing sth)](bold) at → [worth](->worth) 1 sense 5 [make it worth sb’s while](bold) at → [worth](->worth) 1 sense 6

a period of time, especially a short one

一段时间〔尤指较短的时间〕

It [takes a while](bold) to recover from the operation.

手术后需要一段时间恢复。

托马斯先生过一会儿会来见你。

We talked for [quite a while](bold)(=a fairly long time) on the phone.

我们在电话里交谈了很长时间。

He examined her thoroughly, talking softly all the while.

他给她作了彻底的检查，同时始终柔声细语地跟她交谈。

She continued working, all the while keeping an eye on the clock.

她继续工作，同时一直留神注意着时间。


while

to spend time in a pleasant and lazy way

The evenings were whiled away in endless games of cards.

晚上的时光都是在没完没了的牌局中消磨过去的。


whilst

当 …时；在 …的过程中；虽然，尽管


whip

[past tense and past participle](italic) [whipped](bold) [present participle](italic) [whipping](bold)

他抽了一鞭子，马儿就小跑起来。

to move quickly and violently, or to make something do this

The wind whipped her hair into her eyes.

风把她的头发吹进了眼睛里。

The branches were being whipped about in the storm.

树枝在暴风雨中被吹得左右摇晃。

他猛地转过身来面对他们。

to move or remove something with a quick sudden movement

突然移动[挪开]〔某物〕

Annie whipped off her apron and put it into the drawer.

安妮迅速解开围裙，放进抽屉。

to mix cream or the clear part of an egg very hard until it becomes stiff

搅打〔奶油或蛋清使成糊状〕


whip

[crack the whip](bold) at → [crack](->crack) 1 sense 15 [give sb a fair crack of the whip](bold) at → [fair](->fair) 1 sense 9

a long thin piece of rope or leather with a handle, that you hit animals with to make them move or that you hit someone with to punish them

The coachman [cracked](bold) his [whip](bold) and the carriage lurched forward.

马车夫甩了一记响鞭，马车猛然向前冲去。

a member of the US Congress or the British Parliament who is responsible for making sure that the members of their party attend and vote

〔美国国会或英国议会中负责督导本党议员出席会议及投票的〕党鞭；组织秘书；政党的纪律委员

a written order sent to members of the British Parliament telling them when and how to vote

〔送交英国议会议员的有关投票事宜的〕书面通知

a sweet dish made from the white part of eggs and chocolate or fruit, beaten together to make a smooth light mixture

蛋奶甜点〔用蛋清加巧克力或水果搅打而成的糊状甜点〕


whisk

to mix liquid, eggs etc very quickly so that air is mixed in, using a fork or a whisk

to take someone or something quickly away from a place

将〔某人或某物〕急忙送离〔某地〕

The waitress whisked our coffee cups away before we’d had a chance to finish.

我们还没来得及喝完，女招待就收走了咖啡杯。


whisk

a small kitchen tool made of curved pieces of wire, used for mixing air into eggs, cream etc

〔搅打鸡蛋、奶油等的〕搅拌器


whisker

one of the long stiff hairs that grow near the mouth of a cat, mouse etc

one of the hairs that grow on a man’s face

〔男人的〕连鬓胡子，颊须，髯

Schmidt finished second, losing by a whisker in the final event.

施密特在最后的项目中以微弱差距落败，屈居第二。

to almost succeed or fail at doing something

Doctors say he came within a whisker of dying on the operating table.

医生们说他险些死在手术台上。


whisky

([BrE](special)) [whiskey](bold) ([especially AmE](bold))  [n](bold) <[C,U](bold)>

[plural](italic) whiskies or [plural](italic) whiskeys

a strong alcoholic drink made from grain, or a glass of this


whisper

to speak or say something very quietly, using your breath rather than your voice

You don’t have to whisper, no one can hear us.

你不必轻声轻语，没人听得到我们说话。

What are you two whispering about over there?

你们两人在那边嘀咕什么？

James leaned over to whisper something to Michael.

詹姆斯俯身跟迈克尔低声说了些什么。

‘I’ve missed you,’ he [whispered in](bold) her [ear](bold).

“我想你了。”他在她耳边低语道。

to say or suggest something privately or secretly

Staff were whispering that the company was about to go out of business.

员工私下在传，说公司要倒闭了。


whisper

‘Where are you going?’ I said in a loud whisper.

(=a loud whisper that you intend everyone to hear)

'What’s going on?' Rory said, in a stage whisper.

They spoke in the hushed whispers of churchgoers.

‘Let me go!’ she said in a fierce whisper.

(=used when you share a secret with someone)

‘Does she suspect anything?’ said Ruth in a conspiratorial whisper.

'Not me', he said, in a voice barely above a whisper.

a very quiet voice you make using your breath and no sound

‘Where are we going?’ he asked in a whisper.

“我们去哪里？”他低声问道。

a piece of news or information that has not been officially announced and may or may not be true

The first whisper of the redundancies came from the newspapers.

最早的裁员传闻来自报纸。

There are whispers that the actor was seen checking into a hospital last week.

有传言说上周有人看见这位演员住进了医院。

a low soft sound made by something such as the wind

…的沙沙声[飒飒声]〔如风声〕


whistle

to make a high or musical sound by blowing air out through your lips

吹口哨；用口哨吹奏(曲调)

Adam whistled happily on his way to work.

亚当在上班路上愉快地吹着口哨。

I heard this song on the radio and I’ve been whistling it all day.

我在收音机里听到这首歌，就吹了一整天这个调子的口哨。

He [whistled](bold) a [tune](bold) as he strolled down the corridor.

他口里吹着一首曲子沿着走廊缓步走去。

whistle to sb (=whistle to get someone’s attention)

Dad whistled to us to come home for dinner.

爸爸吹口哨叫我们回家吃饭。

whistle at sb (=whistle to let someone know that you think they are attractive)

Men are always whistling at Heidi on the street.

街上总有男人对海迪吹口哨。

to make a high sound by blowing into a whistle

The referee whistled and the game began.

裁判哨声一响，比赛开始了。

to move quickly, making a whistling sound

Bullets and shells were whistling overhead.

They listened to the [wind whistling](bold) through the trees.

他们听着风在树林间呼啸。

if a steam train or kettle whistles, it makes a high sound when air or steam is forced through a small hole

if a bird whistles, it makes a high musical sound

to be trying to show that you are brave when you are afraid, or that you know about something when you do not

故作镇定，虚张声势；不懂乱说

Does he know what he’s talking about or is he just whistling in the dark?

他知道自己在说什么吗？还是只是在吹牛皮？

used to tell someone that there is no chance of them getting what they have asked for

某人在空指望某物；某人一定得不到某物


whistle

[blow the whistle on sth](bold) at → [blow](->blow) 1 sense 17 [clean as a whistle](bold) at → [clean](->clean) 1 sense 1 → [penny whistle](->penny whistle) → [wolf whistle](->wolf whistle)

a small object that produces a high whistling sound when you blow into it

The lifeguard [blew](bold) his [whistle](bold).

a high sound made by blowing a whistle, by blowing air out through your lips, or when air or steam is forced through a small opening

Larsson scored just minutes before the final whistle.

拉尔森就在终场哨声响起前几分钟进球得分。

Sanders [gave a](bold) low [whistle](bold) when he saw the contents of the box.

桑德斯看到盒子里的东西时轻轻地吹了一声口哨。

a piece of equipment on a train or boat that makes a high noise when air is forced through it

the sound of something moving quickly through the air

We could hear the whistle of the jets as they passed overhead.

我们听到喷气机从头顶飞过时的呼啸声。


white

having the colour of milk, salt, or snow

belonging to the race of people with pale skin

looking pale, because of illness, strong emotion etc

〔面色〕苍白的，无血色的

Are you OK? You’re [white as a sheet](bold)(=extremely pale).

Her voice shook, and her face was white with anger.

她气得声音颤抖，脸色发白。

有雪的圣诞节，白色圣诞节

〔道德上〕清清白白的，纯洁无瑕的

He said that he had never claimed to be whiter than white.

他说他从未说过自己品行高尚。


white

someone who belongs to the race of people with pale skin

California has some of the finest whites in the world.

加利福尼亚出产部分世界上最好的白葡萄酒。

the part of an egg that surrounds the yolkyellow part and becomes white when cooked

white clothes, sheets etc, which are separated from dark colours when they are washed

〔洗涤时要跟深色衣物分开的〕白色织物

white clothes that are worn for some sports, such as tennis

〔做网球等运动时穿的〕白色运动服


who

used to ask or talk about which person is involved, or what the name of a person is

和你妻子在一起的那个人是谁？

They never found out who the murderer was.

他们一直未查出谁是凶犯。

[who on earth/in the world etc](bold)(=used for emphasis when you are surprised, angry etc)

Who on earth would live in such a lonely place?

谁会愿意住在这么偏僻的地方？

used after a noun to show which person or which people you are talking about

…的人〔用于名词之后，指代提及的人〕

Do you know the people who live over the road?

你认识住在马路对面的人吗？

She was the one who did most of the talking.

大部分时间都是她在说话。

used, after a comma in writing, to add more information about a particular person or group of people that you have just mentioned

〔在书面语中用于逗号之后，补充说明前面提及的人〕

I discussed it with my brother, who is a lawyer.

我和哥哥商量了此事，他是律师。

Alison Jones and her husband David, who live in Hartlepool, are celebrating their golden wedding anniversary.

艾莉森•琼斯和她的丈夫戴维住在哈特尔浦，他们正在庆祝金婚纪念日。

used to introduce a question that shows you think something is true of everyone or of no one

谁又 …〔用于引出问句，表示谁也不例外〕

We have the occasional argument. Who doesn’t(=everyone does)?

我们偶尔也会吵架，谁又不吵呢？

used to say that someone does not have the right or the authority to say or do something

某人算老几？某人有什么资格做某事？

她是谁呀，竟然支使起我来？

if you know who is who within a particular organization or group, you know what each person’s name is and what job they do or what position they have

谁是谁〔指某组织或团体内人员的姓名、地位、职位等〕

I’m just getting to know who’s who in the department.

我正在熟悉部门里的每个人。

a list of the important people within a particular organization or group – often used to emphasize that many important people are involved in something

名人录〔常用于强调某事有许多重要人物参与〕

The list of competitors reads like a who’s who of international tennis players.

参赛者名单读上去简直就是国际网坛名人录。


whoever

used to say that it does not matter who does something, is in a particular place etc

When you’re done with the book, just give it to Kristin or Shelley or whoever.

你看完书以后，就给克里斯廷或谢利，或者随便谁都行。

used to talk about a specific person or people, although you do not know who they are

…的人〔用于指身份不确定的某个或某类人〕

Whoever is responsible for this will be punished.

对此事负有责任的人将受到惩罚。

used to say that you do not know who someone is

You’ve got a message from Tony Gower, whoever he is.

有一个名叫托尼•高尔的人给你留言，不知这人是谁。

used to mean ‘who’ at the beginning of a question to show surprise or anger

到底是谁，究竟是谁〔置于疑问句句首，表示惊讶或生气〕

Whoever would do a thing like that to an old woman?

究竟是谁会对一位老太太做出那样的事？


whole

[a whole new ball game](bold) at → [ball game](->ball game) sense 3 [the whole shebang](bold) at → [shebang](->shebang) [the whole shooting match](bold) at → [shooting match](->shooting match) [the whole enchilada](bold) at → [enchilada](->enchilada) sense 3 → [wholly](->wholly)

他的整个态度都让我讨厌。

We ate the whole cake in about ten minutes.

大约十分钟的时间，我们就把整个蛋糕都给吃完了。

[The whole thing](bold)(=everything about the situation) just makes me sick.

We just sat around and watched TV [the whole time](bold)(=the only thing we did was watch television).

我们一直都只是坐着看看电视。

I don’t believe she’s telling us [the whole story](bold)(=all the facts).

我认为她没有告诉我们全部实情。

It was months before [the whole truth](bold) came out.

[the whole school/country/village etc](bold)(=all the people in a school, country etc)

We’re going to have a whole lot of problems if we don’t finish this by tomorrow.

我们要是到明天完不成的话问题就多了。

You can find a nice house in this neighborhood, and you don’t have to spend a whole lot.

你可以在这附近找到很好的房子，而且不用花费很多钱。

She gave me the whole lot for 20 pounds.

她要了20英镑就把所有的东西都给了我。

a whole range/series/variety etc (of sth)

used to emphasize that there are a lot of things of a similar type

(某物的)范畴/系列/种类等〔用于强调同一类中包含很多东西〕

There are a whole range of sizes to choose from.

complete and not divided or broken into parts

在鸡的肚子里放一整个洋葱。

a snake [swallowing](bold) a mouse [whole](bold)(=swallowing it without chewing)

used to emphasize the purpose for doing something, especially when you believe this is unclear or has been forgotten

I thought the whole point of the meeting was to decide which offer to accept.

我认为这次会议的主旨是决定接受哪一个提议。

an expression meaning ‘anywhere’ or ‘at all’ – used to emphasize a statement

普天之下〔用于强调陈述句〕

I have the best job in the whole wide world.

我拥有一份世上最好的工作。

to do something as completely or as well as you can, without any limits

I’m gonna go whole hog and have a live band at the barbecue.

我打算干脆在烧烤野餐上请一个现场乐队。

including everything that is typical of or possible in an activity, situation, set of things etc

〔活动、情况等〕具备一切可能的因素

Our new apartment complex has a tennis court, swimming pool, playground – the whole nine yards.

我们的新公寓楼有网球场、游泳池、游乐场——应有尽有。


whole

all of something, especially something that is not a physical object

整个事物〔尤用于非实物〕

The whole of the morning was wasted trying to find the documents.

整个上午都浪费在找文件上了。

used to say that something is generally true

On the whole, I thought the film was pretty good.

总的来说，我认为这部电影很不错。

used to say that all the parts of something are being considered together

整个来看〔用于表示所有部分都已考虑到〕

This project will be of great benefit to the region as a whole.

这个项目整体来看对该地区将大有好处。

something that consists of a number of parts, but is considered as a single unit

整体〔某物包含数部分，但被当成一个单位〕


wholesale

the business of selling goods in large quantities at low prices to other businesses, rather than to the general public


wholesale

[wholesale](bold) adv. eg: I can get it for you wholesale.

relating to the business of selling goods in large quantities at low prices to other businesses, rather than to the general public

affecting almost everything or everyone, and often done without any concern for the results

大规模的〔通常指不考虑结果〕

the capture and wholesale destruction of a city

一座城市的沦陷和大规模毁坏

This company will not be successful until there are wholesale changes.

如不作出大规模变革，这家公司不会有所作为。


wholly

The report claimed that the disaster was wholly unavoidable.

报告称这场灾难完全无法避免。


whom

the object form of ‘who’, used especially in formal speech or writing

谁，什么人〔who的宾格形式，尤用于正式讲话或书面语中〕

Desperate for money, she called her sister, whom she hadn’t spoken to in 20 years.

因为急需用钱，她就给姐姐打了电话，她们已经20年没说过话了。

She brought with her three friends, none of whom I had ever met before.

她带来三个朋友，没有一个是我以前见过的。

In everyday spoken or written English, people usually use [who](bold)  rather than [whom](bold) :

[Whom](bold)  is usually used only in the phrases [one of whom](bold) , [none of whom](bold) , [some of whom](bold)  etc.


whoops

said when someone has fallen, dropped something, or made a small mistake

哎哟〔某人跌倒、掉了东西或出小差错时用语〕

哎哟！我差点儿把它掉了。

said when someone, usually a child, falls down

一、二、三，起来〔通常用于儿童摔倒时〕


whose

used to ask which person or people a particular thing belongs to

谁的〔用于询问物品归属〕

used to show the relationship between a person or thing and something that belongs to that person or thing

他(们)的；她(们)的；它(们)的〔表示人与物之间的关系〕

That’s the man whose house has burned down.

就是那个男人的房子被烧毁了。

Solar energy is an idea whose time has come.

太阳能理念的时代来临了。

used to give additional information about a person or thing

〔用于对人或物的补充说明〕

Jurors, whose identities will be kept secret, will be paid $40 a day.

陪审员的身份是保密的，他们每天将得到40美元的报酬。


why

used to ask or talk about the reason for something

我们为什么一定要参加这些测验？

“她想认识你。”“为什么？”

‘I won’t be able to come into work tomorrow.’ ‘[Why not](bold)?’

“我明天不能来上班。”“为什么？”

I have no idea why the television isn’t working.

我不明白电视机为什么坏了。

Simon loves you – that’s why he wants to be with you.

西蒙爱你——所以他想和你在一起。

He’s angry with me and I don’t know why.

他生我气了，我不知道为什么。

There’s no [reason why](bold) we shouldn’t be friends.

我们没有理由不成为朋友。

[why on earth/why ever etc](bold)(=used for emphasis when you are surprised, angry etc)

你到底为什么不叫我帮忙？

‘I don’t want us to be seen together.’ ‘Why ever not?’

“我不想被人看见我们在一起。”“到底为什么？”

used to introduce a question that shows you do not think it is necessary to do something

为什么 …〔用于引出疑问句，表示认为没必要做某事〕

Why worry? You can’t do anything about it.

为什么担心？这件事你无能为力。

Why waste time going to the bank when you can do it all over the Internet?

全都可以在网上办的事，为什么还要浪费时间去银行？

used to say that you agree with a suggestion

为什么不呢？〔用于表示赞同某一建议〕

‘We could invite John and Barbara.’ ‘Yes, why not?’

“我们可以邀请约翰和芭芭拉。”“是呀，干吗不呢？”

某人/某事物怎么样[好吗]〔用以提建议〕

Why don’t you bring over a video for us to watch?

你干吗不带一盘录像带来给我们看看？

为什么不放松放松，享受一下这气氛？

used to say angrily that someone should do something

为什么不 …？〔用于气愤地表示某人应该做某事〕

你为什么不去管好你自己的事情？

used to ask why a particular person has been chosen or is suffering

Why me? Why can’t someone else drive you?

为什么是我？为什么别人不能开车送你？

used to show that you are very sorry or angry about something

为什么要 …？〔表示对某事非常后悔或生气〕

Why oh why did I say those horrible things?

为什么呀，为什么我要说那些难听的话？


why

used when you are surprised or have suddenly realized something

哎呀，嗨〔表示惊讶或突然意识到某事〕

And I thought to myself, why, I can do that.

我就对自己说，嗨，我能行的。


why

the reasons or explanations for something

The whys and the wherefores of these procedures need to be explained.

需要对这些手续的缘由作出解释。


wicked

the wicked stepmother in ‘Hansel and Gretel’

《糖果屋》中那个恶毒的继母

Carl had a wicked grin on his face as he crept up behind Ellen.

卡尔一脸坏笑地悄悄走到埃伦后面。

Tara hasn’t lost her [wicked sense of humour](bold).

塔拉那促狭的幽默感依然未减。


wide

measuring a large distance from one side to the other

As he ran toward me, his face broke into a wide grin.

measuring a particular distance from one side to the other

The boat was nearly as wide as the canal.

那船差不多和水道一样宽。

The river is more than fifty yards wide.

including or involving a large variety of different people, things, or situations

〔包括或涉及的人、物或情况〕广泛的；范围大的；广阔的

a man with a wide experience of foreign affairs

Our aim is to bring classical music to a wider audience.

我们的目的是把古典音乐带给更多的听众。

[a wide range/variety/choice etc (of sth)](bold)

This year’s festival includes a wide range of entertainers.

今年的艺术节有各类艺人参加。

holidays to a wide choice of destinations

有多处目的地可供选择的度假

happening among many people or in many places

众多的；广泛的；范围大的

The radio and newspapers gave the trial wide coverage.

广播和报纸广泛报道了这场庭审。

巨大的差异/差别/差距等

the ever-wider gap between the richest and poorest countries

最富国与最穷国之间日益加大的差距

the more general features of a situation, rather than the specific details

更加广泛的背景/问题/情况等

We hope that by the end of the course students will be able to see their subject in a wider context.

我们希望，在课程结束的时候，学生能够在一个更为广阔的背景下来理解自己的学科。

wide eyes are fully open, especially when someone is very surprised, excited, or frightened

〔眼睛〕睁大的〔尤指某人非常吃惊、兴奋或恐惧时〕

她满怀期待地睁大了眼睛。

not hitting something you were aiming at

未击中目标的，偏离目标的

places outside the small familiar place where you live

〔在熟识的小天地以外的〕广阔世界，外面的世界

Soon you’ll leave school and go out into the big wide world.

很快你就要离开学校，踏入广阔的世界。

affecting all the people in a nation, city etc

a country-wide revolt against the government


wide

[far and wide](bold) at → [far](->far) 1 sense 11

大开着的/完全醒着的/分得很开的

凌晨两点我仍然毫无睡意。

Sandy stood with his back to the fire, legs wide apart.

桑迪背对火站着，两腿叉得很开。

opening or spreading as much as possible

Spiro spread his arms wide in a welcoming gesture.

斯皮罗张开双臂，做出欢迎的姿势。

莉奥诺拉惊恐地睁大双眼。

The windows had been opened wide and she could feel a slight breeze.

窗户大开，她感觉到一丝微风。

if a competition, election etc is wide open, it is possible for anyone to succeed

〔竞赛、选举等〕输赢不定的，胜负难料的

Most experts agree that the election is wide open at this point.

大多数专家都认为现阶段选举结果尚难预料。

not hitting something you were aiming at, and missing it by a large distance

远未击中目标，大大偏离目标

His throw to first base [went wide](bold).

他传向一垒的球偏出很多。

not correct about something, by a large amount

The opinion polls were hopelessly wide of the mark.

民意调查的结果与实际情况相去甚远。

远未击中目标，大大偏离目标

其中一颗炸弹落在离目标很远的地方。


widely

in a lot of different places or by a lot of people

现在有机食品很多地方都可买到。

an author who had travelled widely in the Far East

These laws were widely regarded as too strict.

人们普遍认为这些法令太苛刻。

to a large degree – used when talking about differences

The quality of the applicants [varies widely](bold).


widen

to become wider, or to make something wider

这条河有变宽的河段，也有分流的河段。

to become larger in degree or range, or to make something do this

(使)〔程度〕增加；(使)〔范围〕扩大

The gap between income and expenditure has widened to 11%.

收支差额扩大到了11%。

They are trying to widen the discussion to include environmental issues.

他们正试图扩大讨论范围，将环境问题纳入其中。

if your eyes widen, they open more, especially because you are surprised or frightened

〔尤因惊讶或恐惧而眼睛〕睁大


wide-ranging

including a wide variety of subjects, things, or people

wide-ranging proposals to improve the rail network


widespread

existing or happening in many places or situations, or among many people

the [widespread use](bold) of chemicals in agriculture

化学品在农业中的广泛使用

There was widespread support for the war.

暴风雨造成了大范围的破坏。


widow

a woman whose husband has died and who has not married again

an elderly widow who was attacked and robbed last month

上个月遭到行凶抢劫的一位寡居老妇

a woman whose husband spends all his free time watching football, playing golf etc – used humorously

足球/高尔夫球等寡妇〔指因丈夫沉溺于观看足球赛、打高尔夫球等而被冷落的妻子；幽默用法〕


width

the distance from one side of something to the other

[three feet/two metres etc in width](bold)

to exist from one side of something to the other

a covered terrace extending the full width of the house

the distance from one side of a swimming pool to the other

我在游泳池横向游了五个来回。

a piece of cloth that has been measured and cut


wield

to have a lot of power or influence, and to use it

拥有并使用权力/影响/权威等

The Church wields immense power in Ireland.

在爱尔兰，教会操纵着大权。

to hold a weapon or tool that you are going to use

She had her car windows smashed by a gang wielding baseball bats.

她的车窗被一伙人挥舞棒球棒砸碎了。


wife

He threatened to kill his ex-wife’s boyfriend.

他威胁要杀死前妻的男朋友。


wi-fi

also: [wireless networking](bold)  [n](bold) <[U](bold)> [trademark](special)

a way of connecting computers or other electronic machines to a network by using radio signals rather than wires

Wi-Fi〔一种无线连接方式〕


wig

an object covered with artificial hair that you wear on your head

In England judges still have to wear wigs.

an area of artificial hair, used to cover a  part of your head

The singer used to wear a toupée, and then decided to shave all his hair off.

a wig or a piece of false hair that you wear on your head to make your own hair look thicker

Unfortunately the hairpiece didn't quite match the colour of her hair.

long pieces of artificial hair that can be attached to your hair to make it look longer

I'm thinking of having extensions because my hair gets to a certain length and then becomes so thin that you can see through it.


wig

[past tense and past participle](italic) [wigged](bold) [present participle](italic) [wigging](bold)


wild

→ [wild card](->wild card) [sow your wild oats](bold) at → [sow](->sow) 1 sense 3

living in a natural state, not changed or controlled by people

野生的；未经栽培的；未经驯化的

not used by people for farming, building etc

Nepal is stunning, with its wild, untamed landscape.

尼泊尔有着自然原始的风景，美不胜收。

feeling or expressing strong uncontrolled emotions, especially anger, happiness, or excitement

感情强烈的〔尤指生气、高兴或激动〕

behaving in an uncontrolled, sometimes violent way

There was a [wild look](bold) about her (=she seemed a little crazy).

to behave in a very excited uncontrolled way

The crowd went wild as soon as the singer stepped onto the stage.

歌手一走上舞台，人群就疯狂起来。

When Tony heard how much it was going to cost, he just went wild.

托尼一听这要花多少钱，顿时大怒。

“聚会怎么样？”“棒极了！”

对某物/某人极喜爱；对某物/某人很着迷

I’m not that wild about rap music, to be honest.

说实话，我对说唱乐不是很感兴趣。

done or said without much thought or care, or without knowing all the facts

〔做事或说话〕轻率的，缺乏根据的

I’m just making a [wild guess](bold) here, so correct me if I’m wrong.

我只是在瞎猜，要是错了请指正。

beyond anything that someone imagined or hoped for

an invention that was to change our lives beyond our wildest dreams

将给我们的生活带来超乎想象的变化的一项发明

used to say that you did not expect or imagine that something would happen, especially after it has happened

Never in my wildest dreams did I expect to win first place.

我做梦都没有想到我能得第一名。

a card that is wild can be used to represent any other card in a game

used to say that someone is determined not to go somewhere, do something etc

任何事情都不能 …〔表示某人坚决不去某地、不做某事等〕

Wild horses would not have dragged him into a vegetarian restaurant.

要是叫他去素菜馆，八匹马都拉不动他。


wild

if children or animals run wild, they behave in an uncontrolled way because there is no one to control them

〔儿童或动物〕无法无天，无人管束

if something runs wild, it is not controlled and operates in an extremely free way

〔某事物〕不受控制，任意发展

Be creative – allow your [imagination](bold) to [run wild](bold).

发挥你的创造力——让你的想象力自由飞翔。

if plants run wild, they grow a lot in an uncontrolled way

if plants grow wild somewhere, they have not been planted by people


wild

in natural and free conditions, not kept or controlled by people

There are very few pandas living in the wild now.

现在只有极少数的大熊猫处于野生状态。

areas where there are no towns and not many people live

非洲/阿拉斯加州等的偏僻地区


wilderness

a large area of land that has never been developed or farmed

→see THESAURUS at [country](->country) 1

a place that seems no longer used or cared for by anyone

荒芜的地方；无人照管的地方

The south side of the city had become a lawless wilderness.

这座城市的南部已成为法外之地。

someone who is in the wilderness does not have power or is not involved in something in an important way at a particular time

在野/从在野的地位/不再处于在野地位

the re-emergence of Richard Nixon from the [political wilderness](bold) in 1968

理查德•尼克松淡出政坛后于1968年的复出


wildlife

animals and plants growing in natural conditions

保护该地区野生生物的措施

the destruction of [wildlife habitats](bold)

野生动植物生存环境的破坏


wildly

这支乐队在古巴深受欢迎。


will

You use [will](bold)  when talking about the future: I’m sure the party will be a big success.

Usually [will ](bold) changes to [would](bold)  when reporting what someone said or thought: She said she was sure that the party would be a big success.

If the event is still in the future, [will](bold)  is sometimes used, especially after the present perfect tense: Lots of people have said they will come to the party.

[modal verb](bold) negative short form: won’t

将，会，要〔用于构成将来时〕

A meeting will be held next Tuesday at 3 p.m.

下星期二下午3点将召开一个会议。

Maybe by then you will have changed your mind.

也许到那时你已经改变主意了。

used to show that someone is willing or ready to do something

愿，要〔用于表示愿意或准备好做某事〕

韦尔医生现在来给你看病。

请 …好吗〔用于请求某人做某事〕

你过一会儿再给我打电话好吗？

used to say what always happens in a particular situation or what is generally true

总是，惯于〔表示某事经常发生或总是如此〕

used like ‘can’ to show what is possible

This car will hold five people comfortably.

这辆汽车能舒舒服服地坐下五个人。

used to say that you think something is true

可能，大概〔表示认为某事可能是真的〕

这会儿可能是蒂姆回家了。

As you will have noticed, there are some gaps in the data.

你也许已经注意到了，数据有些缺漏。

used to give an order or to state a rule

必须〔用于下命令或说明规定〕

Every employee will carry an identity card at all times.

每个员工都必须一直携带身份卡。

used to offer something to someone or to invite them to do something

要不要〔用于提供某物给某人或邀请某人做某事〕

used to describe someone’s habits, especially when you think they are annoying

老是〔用于描述某人的习惯，尤指讨厌的习惯〕

特里斯老是不停地问一些蠢问题。


will

→ [goodwill](->goodwill) → [ill will](->ill will)

She had a very strong will and a clear sense of purpose.

(=a strong will which means you do not give in)

The indomitable will of the people remains the core strength of democracy.

It's a myth that people are fat because of a weak will.

Her unassuming manner concealed an iron will.

(=determination on the part of governments and politicians)

There was a lack of political will to do anything about global warming.

She had achieved success by sheer strength of will.

(=a determined effort to do something you do not want to do)

With a great effort of will, she resisted the temptation to look at the letter.

(=when two determined people oppose each other)

Even the smallest decision could become an exhausting battle of wills.

The country's troops had lost the will to fight.

Who will inherit my property if I don't leave a will?

(=change some of the instructions in your will)

Marius had decided to change his will in her favour.

(=change your will so that someone is no longer given anything when you die)

(=to show that a will has been made in the correct way)

If the estate is small, you may not need to prove the will.

(=the person who makes sure that the instructions in someone's will are followed)

Her eldest son is the executor of her will.

determination to do something that you have decided to do, even if this is difficult

小孩子有时有很强的意志力。

Even though she was in terrible pain, Mary never lost the will to live.

虽然承受着巨大的痛苦，玛丽从未丧失活下去的意志。

→ [strong-willed](->strong-willed) → [weak-willed](->weak-willed)

a legal document that says who you want your money and property to be given to after you die

Have you [made](bold) a [will](bold) yet?

My grandfather left me some money in his will.

祖父在他的遗嘱中给我留了些钱。

the senator’s [last will and testament](bold)

what someone wants to happen in a particular situation

He accused her of trying to [impose](bold) her [will](bold) on others.

他指责她想把自己的意志强加于人。

Collier claims the police forced him to sign a confession against his will.

科利尔声称警方强迫他违心地在认罪书上签字。

used to say that something is not possible, even if you very much want to do it

尽管真心愿意〔用于表示某事不可能〕

With the best will in the world, I don’t see what more I can do.

尽管我非常想再做点什么，但我不知道还能做什么。

used to say that if you really want to do something, you will find a way to succeed

whenever you want and in whatever way you want

He can’t just fire people at will, can he?

他不能就那么随心所欲开除人，对吧？

起劲地；热情地；诚心诚意地


will

to try to make something happen by thinking about it very hard

设法用意志力驱使〔某事发生〕

to officially give something that you own to someone else after you die

立遗嘱把〔财产〕遗赠〔某人〕


willing

[willingly](bold) adv. eg: Sixty percent of voters said they would willingly pay higher taxes for better health care.

prepared to do something, or having no reason to not want to do it

愿意[乐意]〔做某事〕的

I told them I was perfectly willing to help.

我告诉他们，我非常愿意帮忙。

someone who is eager to help etc and does not have to be persuaded

热心的帮手/志愿者/积极肯干的搭档等

我很快就拥有了一批热心的帮手。


willingness

the state of being prepared to do something

He has [shown](bold) no [willingness to](bold) compromise.


win

[win the toss](bold) at → [toss](->toss) 2 sense 1 → [winner](->winner) → [winning](->winning)

to be the best or most successful in a competition, game, election etc

He has a realistic chance of winning the Championship.

Jo was first in the race and I was second.

The Democratic candidate finished in first place.

I couldn’t believe it when the horse I chose came in first.

to win a great victory, especially after a long and difficult battle, game etc

to win a game, competition, argument etc

United came out on top after a thrilling game.

They did a survey and the Swedish car-maker came out on top.

If you try to argue with him, he always comes out on top.

to be winning a game, race, election etc at the moment

The High School team are leading with sixty points.

With only two minutes left to play, we were still in the lead.

to be doing better than someone else in a game, competition, or election

He’s still fifty seconds ahead of his nearest rival.

A week before the election, they were still ahead in the polls.

the person or thing that wins a race, competition etc

A prize of £500 will be awarded to the winner.

The winning team will go through to the grand final in Milan.

someone who has won a competition, especially in sport

He became the heavyweight boxing champion.

someone who has achieved the fastest speed, the longest distance etc in a sport

He should have won that race but he came third.

It’s supposed to be easier to win your home games.

The competition was won by a team from Surrey.

Which party is likely to win the election?

The protesters have won one victory already.

(=by a large amount, so that you do not have to worry about winning)

The Celtics won comfortably, with a 22-point lead.

United won convincingly by three goals to nil.

If one candidate gets more than 50 percent of the vote, he will win the seat outright.

Everyone expected Sam to win hands down.

(=when you win many competitions one after another)

They came here with a four-game winning streak.

[past tense and past participle](italic) [won](bold) /wʌn/ [present participle](italic) [winning](bold)

〔在竞赛、游戏、选举等中〕获胜，赢

[win a race/a game/an election etc](bold)

Who do you think will win the next election?

你认为谁会在下一次竞选中获胜？

去年他在环法自行车赛中获胜。

the young pilots who won the Battle of Britain

打赢不列颠之战的年轻飞行员们

Who’s winning (=who is most successful at this point in the game)?

to get something as a prize for winning in a competition or game

How does it feel to have [won](bold) the gold [medal](bold)?

她买彩票中了160英镑。

the man who helped win the Cup for Arsenal

帮助阿森纳队赢得足总杯的男人

to get something that you want because of your efforts or abilities

〔经努力或凭能力〕获得，取得〔某物〕

[win sb’s approval/support/trust etc](bold)

The proposal has won the approval of the city council.

这项提议获得了市政会的批准。

Kramer has certainly won the respect of his peers.

克雷默无疑赢得了同侪的尊敬。

[win sb’s heart](bold)(=make them love you or feel sympathy for you)

The company has [won](bold) a [contract](bold) to build a new power plant outside Houston.

公司得到了在休斯敦城外建造一座新发电厂的合同。

Davis hopes to win financial backing from a London investment firm.

戴维斯希望获得伦敦一家投资公司的资助。

if something, usually something that you do, wins you something, you win it or get it because of that thing

汉克斯凭借在那部影片中的表演赢得了一项奥斯卡奖。

That kind of behaviour won’t win you any friends.

那样的行为不会让你交到任何朋友。

used to agree to what someone wants after you have tried to persuade them to do something else

算你赢〔用于因说服不了对方而同意对方的要求时〕

好吧，算你赢——我们看电影去。

used to say that there is no satisfactory way of dealing with a particular situation

没法子〔用于表示没有令人满意的方法处理某情况〕

You can’t win, can you? You either work late and upset your family, or go home early and risk your job.

你没有办法，是吧？你要么工作到很晚，让家里人不高兴；要么冒着失业的危险早早回家去。

(also: [you win some, you lose some](bold) )

used to show sympathy when someone has had a disappointing experience

你不可能事事都成功，有得必有失〔用于安慰别人〕

无论胜负，我就是喜欢竞技性的体育运动。

to finally be successful in a discussion or argument

〔在讨论或争论中〕最终获得胜利

Common sense won the day, and the plans were dropped.

常理占了上风，计划取消了。


win

→ [no-win](->no-win) → [win-win](->win-win)

(=an important win, or one that you win by a large amount)

This is one of the biggest wins I’ve had.

The Australian appeared to be heading for an easy win.

(=one that you win by a large amount, so that you do not have to worry about winning)

Chelsea had a comfortable win against Crystal Palace.

Scotland cruised to a convincing win over Ireland.

The team had a nine-point win over Arizona.

Escude has now notched up three consecutive wins over him.

The side has pulled off two excellent wins in the past couple of weeks.

(=finally win after a difficult contest)

He suffered some anxious moments before clinching a 9–6 win over Dennis Taylor last night.

a success or victory, especially in sport

〔尤指在体育比赛中的〕胜利，赢

这个赛季开始以来，我们已赢了两场。

In the under-16 event England had their first win over Germany.

在16岁以下的比赛中，英格兰队首次战胜德国队。


wind

[break wind](bold) at → [break](->break) 1 sense 31 [it’s an ill wind (that blows nobody any good)](bold) at → [ill](->ill) 1 sense 4 [sail close to the wind](bold) at → [sail](->sail) 1 sense 6 [straw in the wind](bold) at → [straw](->straw) sense 5

air moving in a current, especially strongly or quickly

Strong winds caused damage to many buildings.

The trees were moving gently in the breeze.

a current of cool air which blows into a room, especially one that makes you feel uncomfortable

There’s a bit of a draught in here – can you close the door?

The ship was blown off course in a severe gale.

Howling gales and torrential rain continued throughout the night.

a storm that has very strong fast winds and that moves over water – used about storms in the North Atlantic Ocean

The hurricane devastated Florida and killed at least 40 people.

a violent tropical storm – used about storms in the Western Pacific Ocean

A typhoon has hit the Philippines, lifting roofs off houses and uprooting trees.

a violent storm with strong winds that spin very quickly in a circle, often forming a cloud that is narrower at the bottom than the top

The town was hit by a tornado that damaged several homes.

a violent tropical storm with strong winds that spin in a circle

A devastating cyclone struck Bangladesh in April that year.

This cyclone was traveling at speeds in excess of 21 miles per hour.

The wind was so strong he could hardly stand.

High winds are making driving conditions difficult.

A blustery wind was sending light flurries of rain against the window.

It will feel colder in places exposed to a fresh northeasterly wind.

The walkers struggled in 35-mile-an-hour winds.

He was buffeted by the gale force winds.

They sought shelter from the north wind.

A fresh northerly wind was speeding the ship southwards.

The prevailing wind comes from the west.

The rain beat down and the wind was picking up.

The wind howled round the house all night.

(=starts blowing from a different direction)

The wind had to change before his fighting ships could sail against the Spanish.

be blowing/swaying/flapping etc in the wind

Wind speeds of up to 80 miles an hour were recorded.

moving air, especially when it moves strongly or quickly in a current

Planes were unable to take off because of high winds.

→ [crosswind](->crosswind) → [downwind](->downwind) → [headwind](->headwind) → [tailwind](->tailwind) → [trade wind](->trade wind) → [upwind](->upwind)

to hear or find out about something secret or private

听到某事的风声；获得某事的线索

You’d better hope the press doesn’t get wind of this.

你最好指望新闻界没听到这件事的风声。

[get your wind (back)](bold)(=be able to breathe normally again, for example after running)

[knock the wind out of sb](bold)(=hit someone in the stomach so that they cannot breathe for a moment)

[second wind](bold) at → [second](->second) 1 sense 12 → [windpipe](->windpipe)

the condition of having air or gas in your stomach or intestines, or the air or gas itself

我不能喝啤酒——喝了就胀气。

‘What’s wrong with the baby?’ ‘Just a little wind.’

“宝宝怎么了？”“只是有点腹胀。”

to make someone lose their confidence, especially by saying or doing something unexpected

〔尤指以意想不到的言语或行动〕使某人丧失信心，使某人泄气

to find out what the situation is before you do something or make a decision

〔做事或作决定前〕观望形势，看风向

used to say that something is happening or going to happen, but the details are not clear

某事正在进行中；某事即将发生〔但具体情况不清楚〕

If there was a merger in the wind, I’m sure we’d hear about it.

如果要合并，我们肯定会听说的。

winds of change/freedom/public opinion etc

used to refer to things that have important effects, and that cannot be stopped

The [winds](bold) of change are [blowing](bold) through the entire organization.

整个机构刮起了改革之风。

if you put the wind up someone, you make them feel anxious or frightened. If you get the wind up, you become anxious or frightened

The threat of legal action will be enough to put the wind up them.

威胁起诉将足以使他们惊慌。

the people in an orchestra or band who play musical instruments that you blow through, such as a flute

〔乐队中的〕管乐部，管乐组

if someone or something moves or runs like the wind, they move or run very quickly

She [ran like the wind](bold) down the stairs to escape.

她飞也似的冲下楼梯逃跑。


wind

[past tense and past participle](italic) [wound](bold) /waʊnd/

to turn or twist something several times around something else

The hair is divided into sections and wound around heated rods.

头发被分成一绺绺缠绕在加热棒上。

to turn part of a machine around several times, in order to make it move or start working

〔为使机器运转或启动而〕摇动[转动]〔把手等〕；给〔机械〕上发条

你有没有记得给钟上发条？

if a road, river etc winds somewhere, it has many smooth bends and is usually very long

〔道路、河流等〕蜿蜒，曲折前进

Highway 99 winds its way along the coast.

99号公路沿着海岸蜿蜒伸展。

Can you wind the video back a little way – I want to see that bit again.

你把录像带往回倒一点好吗——那一段我想再看一遍。


wind

[past tense and past participle](italic) [winded](bold)

to make someone have difficulty breathing, as a result of falling on something or being hit

The fall winded him and he lay still for a moment.

这一跤摔得他上不来气，他一动不动地躺了一会儿。


window

I opened the window and breathed in the fresh air.

Lucy rolled the window down and waved to him.

Mom stared out of the window at the road.

A breeze from the open window lifted her hair.

I don't want people looking in my front window.

The burglar had got in through one of the back windows.

The car's rear window had been bashed in.

From his bedroom window he could see two men having an argument.

The church has fine medieval stained glass windows.

a space or an area of glass in the wall of a building or vehicle that lets in light

〔建筑物或汽车上的〕窗；窗户；橱窗

She looked out of the window to see if it was raining.

她朝窗外望去，看是否下雨了。

The sun was shining through the windows.

We were looking at the Christmas displays in the [shop windows](bold).

我们在看商店橱窗里的圣诞节陈列品。

→ [bay window](->bay window) → [dormer](->dormer) → [French windows](->French windows) → [picture window](->picture window) → [sash window](->sash window)

one of the separate areas on a computer screen where different programs are operating

〔计算机屏幕上显示不同程序正在运行的〕窗口，视窗

a short period of time that is available for a particular activity

转瞬即逝的机会，短暂的时机

Delay might open a window of opportunity for their rivals.

延期也许会给他们的对手带来可乘之机。

an area on an envelope with clear plastic in it which lets you see the address written on the letter inside the envelope

〔信封上开的〕透明纸窗，透明窗口

something that makes it possible to see and learn about what is happening in other parts of the world

Television provides us with a useful window on the world.

电视为我们提供了了解世界的有用渠道。

to disappear completely or no longer have any effect

One glass of wine, and all my good intentions went out the window.

就一杯酒，我所有的好心都白费了。


windscreen

the large window at the front of a car, bus etc


windshield

a piece of glass or clear plastic fixed at the front of a motorcycle that protects the rider from wind

〔摩托车前面的〕挡风玻璃


windy

blustery weather is very windy, with sudden strong winds

if the weather is breezy, the wind blows fairly strongly

if the weather is stormy, there are strong winds, heavy rain, and dark clouds

a windswept place is often windy because there are not many trees or buildings to protect it

Thousands of the birds live on the windswept islands off the north coast of Scotland.

[comparative](italic) [windier](bold) [superlative](italic) [windiest](bold)

windy talk is full of words that sound impressive but do not mean much


wine

A slightly sweet wine goes well with smoked duck.

The best-known sparkling wine is champagne.

This village produces strong wines of good character.

The restaurant has a wide selection of French wines.

(=good quality wine from a particular year)

He was a lover of fine wines and good food.

(=an inexpensive wine to drink with a meal)

The vineyard produces table wines for local use.

(=ordinary wine that is used in restaurants, in contrast to wines that are sold by the bottle and have the label of a wine produce on them )

an alcoholic drink made from grapes, or a type of this drink

an alcoholic drink made from another fruit or plant


wine

to entertain someone well with a meal, wine etc

宴请某人，以酒宴款待某人

Companies spend millions wining and dining clients.


wing

The ducks woke up and flapped their wings.

(=move them in a regular way while flying)

The female beats her wings as fast as 500 times a second.

I heard some birds fluttering their wings outside the window.

The dragon spread its wings and gave an experimental flap.

The cage was so small the birds could not even stretch their wings.

Gannets fold their wings and plummet like an arrow into the sea to catch their prey.

The eagle descended on outstretched wings.

one of the parts of a bird’s or insect’s body that it uses for flying

a butterfly with beautiful markings on its wings

The pheasant [flapped](bold) its [wings](bold) vigorously.

the meat on the wing bone of a chicken, duck etc, eaten as food

〔供食用的〕翅膀〔如鸡翅、鸭翅等〕

one of the large flat parts that stick out from the side of a plane and help to keep it in the air

one of the parts of a large building, especially one that sticks out from the main part

〔大型建筑物的〕侧翼；侧厅；耳房，厢房

She works in the hospital’s maternity wing.

她在医院的产科病房工作。

a group of people within a political party or other organization who have a particular opinion or aim

〔政党等组织中的〕派别，派（系）， …翼

the moderate wing of the Republican Party

→ [left-wing](->left-wing) → [right-wing](->right-wing)

〔足球等运动中的〕边锋，侧翼队员

the far left or right part of a sports field

〔汽车的〕挡泥板，翼子板

to help and protect someone who is younger or less experienced than you are

把某人保护在自己的羽翼之下，将某人置于自己的庇护之下

ready to do something or be used when the time is right

准备就绪〔只待时机成熟〕；随时可以使用

Several junior managers are waiting in the wings for promotion.

几位低层经理正等着晋升。

the parts at each side of a stage where actors are hidden from people who are watching the play

if you do something on a wing and a prayer, you do not have much chance of succeeding

to pass the examinations you need to become a pilot

〔当飞行员前〕通过必要的飞行考试

[clip sb’s wings](bold) at → [clip](->clip) 2 sense 6 [spread your wings](bold) at → [spread](->spread) 1 sense 10


wing

[wing its/their way to/across etc sth](bold)

planes winging their way to exotic destinations

A bottle of champagne will soon be winging its way to 10 lucky winners.

马上就要给10名幸运的优胜者分别送上一瓶香槟。

to do something without planning or preparing it

我们就只好临时应付一下。


wink

to close and open one eye quickly to communicate something or show that something is a secret or joke

他顽皮地朝埃丽卡眨了眨眼。

to shine with a light that flashes on and off

a Christmas tree with lights winking on and off


wink

→ [forty winks](->forty winks) [a nod’s as good as a wink](bold) at → [nod](->nod) 2 sense 4 [tip sb the wink](bold) at → [tip](->tip) 2 sense 11

a quick action of closing and opening one eye, usually as a signal to someone else

‘You look tired,’ he said with [a knowing wink](bold).

“你看上去很累。”他会意地眨了眨眼睛说。

not get a wink of sleep/not sleep a wink

I didn’t get a wink of sleep last night.


winner

a person or animal that has won something

获胜者，获胜的人[动物]

Five [lucky winners](bold) will each receive a signed copy of the album.

五位幸运的获胜者每人将得到一张签名专辑。

作为骑师他曾十度驾驭赛马获胜。

someone or something that is or is likely to be very popular and successful

成功者；有望成功的人[事物]

The book has proved to [be a winner with](bold) young children.

事实证明这本书很受小孩子欢迎。

The company seems to [be onto a winner](bold)(=doing something that is likely to be successful).

a goal or point that makes someone win a game such as football or tennis

Moran [scored the winner](bold) with only two minutes left.

比赛只剩两分钟时，莫兰打入了制胜球。

the person who gets most of the advantages from a situation

In a capitalist society there will always be [winners and losers](bold).

在资本主义社会中永远会有赢家和输家。

The real winners this summer have been the sun cream manufacturers.

今年夏天的大赢家是防晒霜生产商。


winning

the winning person or thing is the one that wins or makes you win a competition or game

The winning design came from an architect in Glasgow.

获奖设计出自格拉斯哥的一名建筑师之手。

making you very successful or likely to be successful

As a business, they have found a winning formula.

作为一家企业，他们找到了成功之道。

a winning quality or way of doing something is one that makes other people like you

a period of time when you win every game or competition

The team [are on a winning streak](bold).


winter

You use [in winter](bold)  or[ in the winter ](bold) when saying that something happens at that time: It often snows here in winter. We’re going skiing in the winter.

You say [last winter](bold) : Last winter the temperature fell to minus 20 degrees.
Don’t say: [In last winter the temperature fell to minus 20 degrees.](strike)

You say [this winter](bold) : We’ve had a lot of snow this winter.
Don’t say: [We’ve had a lot of snow in this winter.](strike)

You say [next winter](bold) : Next winter she will turn 18.
Don’t say: [In next winter she will turn 18.](strike)

You say [ that winter](bold) : The lake froze over that winter.
Don’t say: [The lake froze over in that winter.](strike)

During the winter months the town is often cut off.

Even in the depths of winter, the harbour is never completely frozen.

the season after autumn and before spring, when the weather is coldest

Fuel supplies could be seriously disrupted this winter.

今年冬季燃料供应可能会受到严重影响。


winter

[v](bold) <[I always + adv/prep](bold)> [formal](special)

Last year, over 11,000 Canadians wintered in Arizona.

去年有超过11,000名加拿大人在亚利桑那州过冬。


wipe

wipe away
wipe down
wipe off
wipe out
wipe up

He wiped his mouth on the back of his hand.

to rub a surface with something in order to remove dirt, liquid etc

Bill [wiped](bold) his [eyes](bold)(=wiped the tears from his face) and apologized.

He pulled a handkerchief from his pocket and [wiped](bold) his [nose](bold).

他从口袋里掏出手帕擦了擦鼻子。

to clean something by rubbing it against a surface

to remove liquid, dirt, or marks by wiping

擦掉〔液体、污垢或印迹〕

to remove all the information that is stored on a tape, video, or computer disk

抹掉，擦掉〔磁带上的录音、录像或磁盘上的信息〕

to try to forget an unpleasant experience

把不愉快的某事从心里/记忆中抹去

to defeat someone completely in a competition or argument

〔在比赛或辩论中〕把某人打得一败涂地

to agree to forget about mistakes or arguments that happened in the past

把以往的错误[争论]一笔勾销；忘记过去的错误[争论]

to make someone feel less happy or confident, especially someone who is annoying because they think they are clever

抹去某人脸上的笑容〔尤指自以为聪明的人〕；使某人得意不下去

Tell him how much it’ll cost – that should wipe the smile off his face!

告诉他要花多少钱——那样他就笑不出来了！

wipe sth off the face of the earth/wipe sth off the map

Another few years and this species could be wiped off the face of the earth.

再过几年，这一物种就可能从地球上彻底消失。

to dry plates, cups etc that have been washed

擦干（洗过的碟子、杯子等）


wipe

An occasional wipe with a soft cloth will keep the surface shiny.

偶尔用软布擦一擦可使表面保持光亮。

[Give](bold) the baby’s nose [a wipe,](bold) would you?

a special piece of wet material that you use to clean someone or something and then throw away

〔用完即弃的〕湿巾，湿纸巾


wire

Use a piece of fine wire to clear the obstruction.

Electrical impulses are sent down the copper wire.

(=wire with a lot of sharp points on it, used for making fences)

The prison was surrounded by barbed wire.

We drew up outside a compound surrounded by a wire fence.

Bake the biscuits for 10 minutes until golden. Cool on a wire rack.

The pieces of wire he’d cut were too short.

The coil of barbed wire will be used for a fence.

There is no latch or knob – just a loop of wire that goes over a nail.

thin metal in the form of a thread, or a piece of this

→ [barbed wire](->barbed wire) → [high wire](->high wire) → [tripwire](->tripwire)

a piece of metal like this, used for carrying electrical currents or signals

to become confused about what someone is saying because you think they are talking about something else

to be finished or achieved with very little time left

The game was very close and went right down to the wire.

比赛竞争非常激烈，直到最后才见分晓。

a piece of electronic recording equipment, usually worn secretly on someone’s clothes

窃听器〔一般偷偷地别在某人的衣服上〕


wire

to connect wires inside a building or piece of equipment so that electricity can pass through

给 …接上电线；接通〔电源〕

Check that the plug has been wired up properly.

检查插头是否已接好电线。

to connect electrical equipment to the electrical system using wires

用导线将〔设备〕连接到〔电气系统〕

The CD player had been wired up to the car’s cigarette lighter.

激光唱片播放机已和汽车的点烟器连接。

to attach a piece of recording equipment to a person or room, especially secretly

〔尤指暗中〕给 …安装窃听器

to have all the necessary wires and connections for an electrical system to work

接通〔电气系统工作所需的〕线路

All the rooms have been wired for cable TV.

所有房间都已布好有线电视线路。

to fasten two or more things together using wire

用金属丝把 …捆扎在一起


wireless

relating to a system of communications that does not use electrical or telephone wires


wisdom

good sense and judgment, based especially on your experience of life

[question/doubt the wisdom of (doing) sth](bold)

Local people are questioning the wisdom of spending so much money on a new road.

当地人在质疑花这么多钱修建一条新路是否明智。

You can always expect a few [words of wisdom](bold) from Dave.

戴夫总能冒出几句至理名言。

[pearls of wisdom](bold) at → [pearl](->pearl) sense 3

knowledge gained over a long period of time through learning or experience

→see THESAURUS at [knowledge](->knowledge)

(the) conventional/received/traditional etc wisdom

a belief or opinion that most people have

普遍的看法/公认的见解/传统的信念等

The conventional wisdom is that boys mature more slowly than girls.

人们普遍认为男孩比女孩晚熟。

used to say that you do not understand why someone has decided to do something

以某人（无穷）的智慧〔表示不明白某人为何决定做某事〕

The boss, in her infinite wisdom, has decided to reorganize the whole office yet again.

老板凭着她非凡的智慧，决定再一次对整个办公室进行整顿。