strategic

[strategically](bold) /-kli/  adv. eg: [Strategically placed](bold) video cameras can alert police to any trouble.

also: [stra‧te‧gic‧al](bold) /-dʒɪkəl/  [adj](bold)

done as part of a plan, especially in a military, business, or political situation

战略（性）的；策略（上）的

联合国部队作了战略性撤退。

a strategic decision to move production to Hungary

把生产转至匈牙利的战略决定

useful or right for a particular purpose

〔对某特定目的〕有用的，合适的

Marksmen were placed at strategic points along the president’s route.

在总统所经路线的要害地点上安排了神枪手。

战略性的，战略上的〔与作战有关〕

Marseilles was of great [strategic importance](bold).

马赛的战略地位十分重要。

[strategic arms/weapons](bold)(=weapons designed to reach an enemy country from your own)


strategy

The government has changed its economic strategy.

The firm is considering a change in its marketing strategy.

Baldwin’s political strategy was almost totally successful.

Therapists can show a child new coping strategies.

He says his father’s withdrawal was a survival strategy.

The most successful strategy is often the simplest one.

It is important that the company has a clear strategy.

The expansion plan is a high-risk strategy.

The closure of these branches is part of our long-term strategy.

What strategies do you use to deal with these problems?

We had to devise strategies for saving money.

Groups can help members develop new coping strategies.

The creatures which live in the river have evolved strategies for surviving sudden floods.

(=do a particular planned series of actions)

(=do a series of actions that you or someone else has planned)

The firm faces several challenges as it seeks to implement that strategy.

The Government’s economic strategy was not working.

a planned series of actions for achieving something

〔为实现某目标的〕计谋，策略；行动计划

→see THESAURUS at [method](->method)   →see THESAURUS at [plan](->plan) 1   →see THESAURUS at [way](->way) 1

the government’s long-term [economic strategy](bold)

a strategy to attract younger audiences to jazz

吸引年轻观众喜爱爵士乐的策略

the skill of planning the movements of armies in a war, or an example of this

战略学；〔战争中的〕战略

It is the general’s role to develop [overall strategy](bold).

制定整体战略是将军的责任。

The company must first resolve questions of strategy.

公司首先必须解决规划问题。


straw

[draw the short straw](bold) at → [draw](->draw) 1 sense 29

the dried stems of wheat or similar plants that animals sleep on, and that are used for making things such as baskets, hats etc

〔干的〕麦秆，稻草，禾秆

a thin tube of paper or plastic for sucking up liquid from a bottle or a cup

She sipped her lemonade through a straw.

(also: [the straw that breaks the camel’s back](bold) )

the last problem in a series of problems that finally makes you give up, get angry etc

压垮骆驼的最后一根稻草，〔一系列问题中〕最终使人无法承受的事，终于使人不堪重负的因素

Making me work late on Friday was the last straw.

要我周五加班到很晚终于让我不堪忍受了。

to be trying everything you can to succeed, even though the things you are doing are not likely to help or work

〔在危难中〕抓救命稻草，不放过任何微小的机会

a sign of what might happen in the future

〔未来事态的〕迹象，征兆，苗头

There have been a few straws in the wind suggesting things might be getting a little better.

已经有些迹象表明情况可能会稍稍好转。

a weak opponent or imaginary argument that can easily be defeated

稻草人；不堪一击的对手；不值一驳的虚妄论点


strawberry

a soft red juicy fruit with small seeds on its surface, or the plant that grows this fruit


stray

to move away from the place you should be

Three of the soldiers strayed into enemy territory.

to begin to deal with or think about a different subject from the main one, without intending to

我们现在已偏离主题，讨论起种族问题了。

This meeting is beginning to [stray from the point](bold).

if your eyes stray, you begin to look at something else, usually without intending to

to start doing something that is wrong or immoral, when usually you do not do this

入歧途；犯错误；犯罪；堕落


stray

a stray animal, such as a dog or cat, is lost or has no home

〔动物〕走失的，迷路的；流浪的

accidentally separated from other things of the same kind

One man was hit by a stray bullet and taken to hospital.

一名男子遭流弹击中，被送往医院。


stray

[waifs and strays](bold) at → [waif](->waif) sense 2

someone or something that has become separated from others of the same kind

离开同类的人；离开原位的东西


streak

a coloured line, especially one that is not straight or has been made accidentally

休的头发里夹杂着几缕金发。

a part of someone’s character that is different from the rest of their character

His serious nature was lightened by a streak of mischief.

他严肃的个性中带着一丝顽皮。

a period of time during which you continue to be successful or to fail

〔不断成功或失败的〕一段时期

Celtic are on a six-game winning streak.

a long straight flash of lightning, fire etc


streak

to run or fly somewhere so fast you can hardly be seen

两架喷气式飞机在空中迅速飞过。

to cover something with lines of colour, liquid etc

天空被染成一条一条的黄色和紫色。

His hands and arms were streaked with paint.

他手上和胳膊上全是一道道的漆印。

[Streak](bold)  is usually passive in this meaning.

to run across a public place with no clothes on as a joke or in order to shock people


stream

→ [bloodstream](->bloodstream) → [mainstream](->mainstream) 1 → [stream of consciousness](->stream of consciousness)

a natural flow of water that moves across the land and is narrower than a river

→ [downstream](->downstream) → [upstream](->upstream)

a long and almost continuous series of events, people, objects etc

〔事件、人、物等的〕一连串，一系列，流

A steady stream of visitors came to the house.

游客络绎不绝地来参观这所房子。

a flow of water, air, smoke etc, or the direction in which it is flowing

水流（方向）；气流（方向）

A stream of cold air rushed through the open door.

一股冷气穿过敞开的门直冲进来。

→ [Gulf Stream](->Gulf Stream) → [jet stream](->jet stream)

The new factory will come on stream at the end of the year.

新工厂将于年底投入使用。

a level of ability within a group of students of the same age

〔同龄学生按能力水平划分的〕班，组


stream

Water came streaming out of the burst pipe.

水从爆裂的水管中涌出来。

泪水顺着她的脸颊流下来。

to move in a continuous flow in the same direction

〔朝同一方向〕不断地流动，涌

人群从四面八方不断涌过我们身边。

When I got up, my face was streaming with blood.

我站起来的时候，脸上流血不止。

[streaming cold](bold) BrE(=an illness in which a lot of liquid comes out of your nose)

if light streams somewhere, it shines through an opening into a place or onto a surface

The first rays of morning sunlight streamed through the open doorway.

早晨的第一缕阳光从敞着的门道照射进来。

I always + adv/prep, usually in progressive

to move freely in a current of wind or water

Elise ran, her hair streaming out behind her.

埃莉斯跑着，头发在身后飘动。

if you stream sound or video, you play it on your computer while it is being downloaded from the Internet, rather than saving it as a file and then playing it

用串流[流式传播]收听[收看]

to put school children in groups according to their ability

将〔学生〕按能力水平分组[分班]


streaming

when you play sound or video on your computer while it is being broadcast over the Internet, instead of downloading it and saving it into a file so that you can listen to it or watch it later


street

→ [backstreet](->backstreet) 1 [be (living) on easy street](bold) at → [easy](->easy) 1 sense 13 [one-way street](bold) at → [one-way](->one-way) sense 1 → [high street](->high street) → [two-way street](->two-way street) [walk the streets](bold) at → [walk](->walk) 1 sense 8

The streets get very crowded at weekends.

As he walked home, the street was deserted.

(=the biggest street in a town or village)

They drove slowly along the main street.

I bought this coat at a shop on the high street.

This is one of Europe’s most elegant shopping streets.

(=in which you can only drive in one direction)

He was caught driving the wrong way down a one-way street.

(=a small quiet street near the main street)

The restaurant is tucked away in a side street.

We spent hours exploring the town’s winding streets.

(=with a surface made from round stones)

The cobbled streets were closed to cars.

She crossed the street and walked into the bank.

Youths were standing around on street corners.

It was getting dark, and the street lamps were already on.

(=when people are attacked in the street)

Young men are most likely to be victims of street crime.

(=ordinary clothes, not a special uniform or costume)

She changed into her street clothes and left the theatre.

a public road in a city or town that has houses, shops etc on one or both sides

We moved to Center Street when I was young.

在我小时候，我们搬到了中心大街。

I walked on further [down the street](bold).

Someone just moved in [across the street](bold).

a car parked [on the other side of the street](bold)

the busy public parts of a city where there is a lot of activity, excitement, and crime, or where people without homes live

〔热闹的、罪案时有发生的或无家可归者居住的〕街头

She felt quite safe [walking the streets](bold) after dark.

她觉得天黑以后走在街上挺安全的。

Children as young as five are left to [roam the streets](bold)(=walk around the streets) at night.

在夜里年仅五岁的孩子被任由在街头游荡。

[street musicians](bold)(=ones who play on the street)

She has written about the realities of [street life ](bold)(=living on the streets).

她描写过街头生活的真实景象。

the average person, who represents the general opinion about things

The man on the street assumes that all politicians are corrupt.

much better than someone or something else

（比 …）好得多；甩 …好几条街

James is streets ahead of the rest of the class at reading.

詹姆斯在阅读方面甩班里其他同学好几条街。


street

relating to or similar to fashions, types of music, or attitudes that are popular with young people in cities


strength

Some of the tasks required considerable physical strength.

Hercules was famous for his great strength.

In the movie, Walsh performs feats of superhuman strength.

Using his superior strength, Rocky dragged the struggling Larsen another twenty yards back.

(=physical strength rather than intelligence or careful thinking)

There is more to wrestling than brute strength. Tactics are important too.

It takes time to get your full strength back after you have been ill.

He didn't even have the strength to sit up.

Mary found the strength to climb up onto the upturned boat.

He used all his strength to heave the door shut.

He sat for a couple of minutes, gathering his strength.

After the operation, he spent several weeks relaxing and gaining strength.

She showed great strength in dealing with her problems.

Geoff had an inner strength which got him through the tough times.

He's a player who has the skill and the mental strength to win.

This proved that he has the strength to cope with such a high-powered job.

Paula had found the strength to escape from an abusive marriage.

He gained strength from being back with the people and things he loved.

The decision to continue shows incredible strength and courage.

The victims' families have shown amazing strength of character.

In pursuing this ambition, William showed remarkable strength of purpose.

(=person or thing that makes you brave or determined)

Her faith had always been a source of strength for her.

Diversity is one of India's greatest strengths.

The play's real strength is the way it explores relationships.

(=use it as a basis for further achievement)

The organization must move forward and capitalize on its strengths.

(=use people's qualities and abilities in the best way in order to achieve something)

Both parties are playing to their strengths.

The teacher can identify each child's strengths and build on these.

It's important to know your strengths as well as your weaknesses.

The show's strength lies in the fact that it appeals to all ages.

All technologies have different strengths and weaknesses.

the physical power and energy that makes someone strong

[have/find the strength to do sth](bold)

She didn’t even have the strength to stand up.

她甚至连站起来的力气都没有了。

I’m trying to [build up](bold) my [strength](bold).

Jo hit him [with all her strength](bold).

He never ceased to be amazed by her [physical strength](bold).

他一直对她的体力感到惊诧。

the quality of being brave or determined in dealing with difficult or unpleasant situations

Jenny didn’t have the strength to end the relationship.

珍妮没有勇气结束这段关系。

She had enormous [strength of character](bold)(=strong ability to deal with difficult situations).

The sea was very cold and it required great strength of mind to get in.

海水很冷，需要有很大的勇气才能下去。

I think you have to find an [inner strength](bold) in order to feel good about yourself.

我觉得只有找到内心的力量才能有自信。

[tower of strength](bold) at → [tower](->tower) 1 sense 3

how strong a feeling, belief, or relationship is

Governments cannot ignore the strength of public opinion.

政府不能忽视公众舆论的力量。

We understand the [strength of feeling](bold) against the proposal.

我们知道对该建议有强烈的反对情绪。

the political, military, or economic power of an organization, country, or system

〔政治、军事或经济上的〕实力

The socialists organized a [show of strength](bold)(=when a country or organization shows how strong it is).

社会主义者组织了一场实力展示。

a particular quality or ability that gives someone or something an advantage

Her main strength is her critical thinking ability.

她的最大长处在于她具有批判性思考的能力。

The great strength of our plan lies in its simplicity.

我们这个计划的最大长处在于它简单易行。

Be aware of your own [strengths and weaknesses](bold).

要清楚你自己的长处和短处。

how strong an object or structure is, especially its ability to last for a long time without breaking

a device for testing the strength of concrete structures

测试混凝土结构强度的设备

Add water to dilute the solution to the required strength.

在溶液中加水稀释至规定浓度。

Young plants can be fed with half-strength liquid fertilizer.

幼株可以施一半浓度的液体肥料。

the number of people in a team, army etc

〔运动队、军队等的〕人力，人数；兵力

The Edinburgh team are now at [full strength](bold).

The police force is below strength at the moment (=there are fewer police than there should be).

Security forces were out in strength (=in large numbers) but did not intervene.

安全部队大量出动，但没有进行干预。

the value of a country’s money when compared to other countries’ money

〔某国货币价值的〕坚挺程度

the strength of the dollar on the international money markets

美元在国际货币市场上的坚挺程度

I bought the book on the strength of your recommendation.

由于你的推荐，我才买了这本书。

a position where you have an advantage over someone, especially in a discussion

〔尤指在讨论中的〕优势地位

We must negotiate from a position of strength.

我们必须从一个优势地位来进行谈判。

For several years, the business went from strength to strength.

几年来，该企业日益壮大。

used when you are annoyed or angry about something

给我力量吧，真叫人受不了〔用于表示烦恼或生气〕


strengthen

They have strengthened their position by their performance in the recent local elections.

The controversy has strengthened the hand of her critics.

Other people's doubts only strengthened my resolve to start my own business.

He wants to strengthen ties with the West.

Having counselling is a very positive step which could strengthen your relationship.

A presidential decree strengthened the role of the Security Council.

to become stronger or make something stronger

（使）变强；加强；使更坚固

Our friendship has steadily strengthened over the years.

Steve’s opposition only [strengthened her resolve](bold) to go ahead.

史蒂夫的反对反而坚定了她继续下去的决心。

[strengthen sth’s ties/bonds/links etc](bold)

The university hopes to strengthen its ties with the local community.

这所大学希望加强和当地社区的联系。

The company plans to [strengthen](bold) its [hand](bold)(=make itself more powerful) in Europe by opening an office in Spain.

该公司计划在西班牙设立办事处，以此增强在欧洲的实力。

to make an organization, army etc more powerful, especially by increasing the number or quality of the people in it

增强〔某组织、军队等〕的实力

The team has been strengthened by the arrival of two new players.

球队因为两名新球员的到来而增强了实力。

if the financial situation of a country or company strengthens or is strengthened, it improves or is made to improve

to increase in value, or to increase the value of money

The pound has strengthened against other currencies.

英镑对其他货币的比值有所上升。

to make something such as your body or a building stronger

Metal supports were added to strengthen the outer walls.

加装了金属支架以加固外墙。

为 …提供更有力的理由[证据]

Fresh evidence has greatly strengthened the case against him.

新的证据使对他不利的论据变得更加充分。

The wind had strengthened during the night.


stress

If you are suffering from stress, you may be more likely to become ill.

People find different ways of dealing with stress.

Don’t resort to alcohol to relieve your stress.

Staff experienced considerable stress as a result of the changes.

It was a time of great emotional stress for me.

She's been under a lot of stress lately.

Balancing work and family is the main cause of stress for many people.

Headaches, migraines, and irritability are all signs of stress.

The effects of stress are subtle and sometimes difficult to see.

(=a lot of different worries that are caused by something)

the stresses and strains of everyday life

Some patients may benefit from being taught stress management skills.

continuous feelings of worry about your work or personal life, that prevent you from relaxing

Janet’s been under a lot of stress since her mother’s illness.

珍妮特自从母亲生病以来承受了很大的压力。

the physical force or pressure on an object

Shoes with high heels [put](bold) a great deal of [stress on](bold) knees and ankles.

高跟鞋对膝盖和脚踝产生很大的压力。

the special attention or importance given to a particular idea, fact, or activity

Pugh laid particular stress on the need for discipline.

皮尤特别强调了纪律的必要性。

the degree of force or loudness with which a part of a word is pronounced or a note in music is played, which makes it sound stronger than other parts or notes

重音，重读；〔音乐中的〕加强（音）


stress

He has always stressed the importance of a stable family.

She stressed the need for more effective policing.

Medicines usually stress the fact that you must not exceed the stated dose.

In her speech, she stressed the role of parents in preventing youth crime.

The president stressed his commitment to tackling world poverty.

→see THESAURUS at [emphasize](->emphasize)

The report stressed that student math skills need to improve.

报告着重指出学生的数学能力需要加强。

Crawford [stressed the need for](bold) more housing downtown.

克劳福德强调闹市区需要建设更多住宅。

She [stressed the importance of](bold) a balanced diet.

她强调了均衡饮食的重要性。

to pronounce a word or part of a word so that it sounds louder or more forceful

The word ‘machine’ is stressed on the second syllable.

machine这个单词第二个音节重读。


stressful

a job, experience, or situation that is stressful makes you worry a lot

Moving to a new house is a very stressful experience.


stretch

to make something bigger or looser by pulling it, or to become bigger or looser as a result of being pulled

（使）变大；（使）变松；拉长

A spider’s web can stretch considerably without weakening.

蜘蛛网能拉得相当长而韧性不减。

Where can I buy those things that stretch your shoes?

在哪儿能买到把鞋撑大的东西？

if a material stretches, it can become bigger or longer when you pull it and then return to its original shape when you stop

to straighten your arms, legs, or body to full length

Carl sat up in bed, yawned, and stretched.

卡尔从床上坐起来，打了个呵欠，伸了伸懒腰。

锻炼之前都要做伸展运动。

Ann stretched across the couch and grabbed the phone.

安向长沙发那头探过身，抓起电话。

The canvas is stretched over a wooden frame.

to continue over a period of time or in a series, or to make something do this

Berg’s career as a government official stretched over 20 years.

伯格的政府官员生涯延续了二十多年。

With a goal in the second half, Spurs stretched their lead to 3–0.

下半场进了一球后，热刺队把领先优势扩大到三比零。

to spread out or cover a large area of land

Row after row of orange trees stretched to the horizon.

一排又一排的橙树一直绵延到地平线。

排起来绕过街区的一列队伍

to go for a walk, especially after sitting for a long time

〔久坐之后〕散散步，伸伸腿

to be almost beyond the limits of what someone can accept or believe

The kids stretch my patience to the limit.

孩子们把我的耐心耗尽了。

to allow something that would not normally be allowed by a rule or limit

This once, I’ll [stretch the rules](bold) and let you leave work early.

就这一次我破例让你早点下班。

We’ll [stretch a point](bold)(=allow a rule to be broken) and let the baby travel free this time.

我们这次破例让这个婴儿免费乘坐。

[stretch the rules](bold) at → [rule](->rule) 1 sense 1

to say or write something that is not completely true

Reporters sometimes stretch the facts to make a point.

记者为了说明问题，有时会夸大事实。

to make something seem more important, bigger etc than it really is

He’s a good player, but ‘world-class’ is stretching it.

他是一位优秀的选手，但要说是“世界级的”就有点夸张了。

if you make an amount of money, food etc stretch or it stretches, you use less of it than you usually would so that you have it for a longer time

省着用〔有限的钱或物〕以延长使用时间

I’m going to have to stretch this $20 until payday.

我得省着点用，让这20美元用到发工资那天。

to have hardly enough money, supplies, time etc for your needs

手头拮据；供应紧张；时间不足

We’re stretched at the moment, otherwise we’d go.

我们目前手头紧，否则会去的。

if someone’s money will not stretch to something, they cannot afford it

〔钱〕不够买某物，不够支付某物的费用

The budget won’t stretch to a new car this year.

今年预算不够，买不了新车。

to make someone use all of their skill, abilities, or intelligence

使〔某人〕施展才华，使充分发挥能力

The work’s too easy. The students aren’t being stretched enough.

作业太简单，没有让学生充分发挥能力。


stretch

an area of land or water, especially one that is long and narrow

〔尤指狭长的〕一片地域，一片水域

a stretch of three weeks without sunshine

She doesn’t leave the house for [long stretches of time](bold).

她不会长时间离开这房子。

She rarely sleeps for eight hours [at a stretch](bold)(=without stopping).

the action of stretching a part of your body out to its full length, or a particular way of doing this

〔肢体的〕伸展，伸开，张开；伸展动作

The ski instructor showed us some special stretches.

滑雪教练给我们示范了几个特别的伸展动作。

used to emphasize that a negative statement is true

无论怎样想象都（不），再怎么说也（不）〔用于强调某个否定说法是真的〕

My family wasn’t wealthy by any stretch of the imagination.

我家再怎么说也算不上富裕。

the last part of a track before the end of a race

the last part of an activity, trip, or process

〔活动、旅程或进程的〕最后一部分

As they [enter the home stretch](bold) of the campaign, the president’s lead has grown.

竞选活动将近尾声时，总统的领先优势扩大了。

the ability a material has to increase in length or width without tearing

With staff shortages and appalling weather conditions, the emergency services were at full stretch.

人员短缺，加之天气恶劣，应急服务机构在尽全力应付。

with your body or part of your body stretched as far as possible

He dived and caught the ball at full stretch.

他舒展开身体鱼跃扑住了球。


stretch

stretch clothes or material stretch if you pull them, and then return to their original shape


strict

expecting people to obey rules or to do what you say – used especially about parents, teachers, or organizations

Most schools are quite strict about the way students dress.

showing that you are in control of the situation and will not change your opinion, especially when you are telling someone what to do

You have to be firm with young children.

I’ll be firm with him and tell him he can’t have any more money.

determined that your orders or decisions will be obeyed, especially in order to make sure that a situation improves – used especially when you think that someone is right to be strict

We need a government that is tough on crime.

She can be quite tough with her students, but they respect her for it.

The chancellor has got to be tough and keep government spending down.

strict in a serious, disapproving, and rather unfriendly way

Her grandfather was a stern man who rarely smiled.

Sheila walked into the museum, under the stern gaze of the curator.

punishing or criticizing someone in a way that seems very severe, often too severe

Don’t be too harsh on her – she’s only a child.

It may seem harsh to punish him, but he has to learn that this kind of behaviour is unacceptable.

Her reaction to the child’s bad behaviour was unnecessarily harsh.

very strict about forcing people to obey rules or laws, and punishing them very severely if they fail to do this – used about people and governments

Her father was very authoritarian and insisted on total obedience.

a strict order or rule is one that must be obeyed

There are strict rules about keeping tax records.

He had strict instructions to return the key to me.

tight  controls or limits are very strict about what is allowed and what is not allowed

The report recommends tighter controls on the advertising of alcohol.

There are tight regulations governing waste disposal.

They want tougher laws against drinking and driving.

The federal government is introducing tough new rules on immigration.

harsh punishments or laws are very severe, often too severe

There are harsh penalties for drug trafficking.

The government has brought in harsh measures to combat the rioting taking place in many cities.

controlling what people can do with rules that have very high standards

There are now stringent controls on pollution from all power stations.

There are strict rules and regulations regarding conduct.

(=set of rules about what is acceptable)

Many airlines impose strict limits on the weight of baggage.

He’s left strict instructions not to be disturbed.

There must be strict control of local government spending.

(=rules of behaviour which must be obeyed)

The head teacher insists upon strict discipline throughout the school.

Landlords must comply with strict safety requirements.

(=standards that are used for judging someone or making a decision about them)

The supermarket’s suppliers must meet strict criteria.

He went on a strict diet and lost a lot of weight.

in strict confidence/in the strictest confidence

Any information you give will be treated in the strictest confidence.

[comparative](italic) [stricter](bold) [superlative](italic) [strictest](bold)

This company is very strict about punctuality.

The Stuarts are very strict with their children.

斯图尔特夫妇待子女很严。

〔命令、规则〕必须严格遵守的

You had strict instructions not to tell anybody.

你得到过严格指示，不得告诉任何人。

There are [strict limits](bold) on presidential campaign contributions.

对于总统竞选活动捐款是有严格限制的。

He’s under [strict orders](bold) from his doctor to quit smoking.

I’m telling you this [in the strictest confidence](bold)(=it must be kept completely secret).

我告诉你这事，你要严加保密。

exact and correct, often in a way that seems unreasonable

Amy was attractive, although not beautiful [in the strictest sense of the word](bold).

埃米很迷人，虽然严格来说她并不漂亮。

obeying all the rules of a religion or set of principles

他被培养成一名严守教规的天主教徒。


strictly

Alcohol is [strictly forbidden](bold) on school premises.

The ban on hunting is not [strictly enforced](bold).

used to say that something is true if you are going to be very exact and correct about it

Strictly speaking, spiders are not insects.

严格地说，蜘蛛不是昆虫。

only for a particular person, thing, or purpose and no one else

This is strictly between us. Nobody else must know.

此事仅限于你我之间，不得告诉其他任何人。


stride

a long step you make while you are walking

Paco reached the door in only three strides.

帕科三大步就走到了门口。

an improvement in a situation or in the development of something

[make great/major/giant etc strides](bold)

The government has made great strides in reducing poverty.

政府在减少贫困方面已经取得巨大进展。

([take sth in stride](bold) ([AmE](bold)) )

to not allow something to annoy, embarrass, or upset you

When the boss asked Judy to stay late, she took it in stride.

老板要求朱迪留到很晚，朱迪也坦然接受。

([hit your stride](bold) ([AmE](bold)) )

to start doing something confidently and well

〔做某工作〕开始上轨道，驾轻就熟

Once I get into my stride, I can finish an essay in a few hours.

我一旦进入状态，几个小时就能完成一篇文章。

to begin moving more slowly or to stop when you are running or walking

if you break your stride, or if someone or something breaks it, you are prevented from continuing in what you are doing

Collins dealt with the reporters’ questions [without breaking stride](bold).

柯林斯从容应付记者的提问。

([knock/throw/keep sb off stride](bold) ([AmE](bold)) )

to make someone unable to do something effectively, by not allowing them to give all their attention to it

Shea’s testimony threw the defense off stride.

谢伊的证词使辩护律师乱了阵脚。

to manage to be just as fast, strong, skilled etc as someone else, even if they keep making it harder for you

（设法与某人）并驾齐驱；尽量不落后（于某人）


stride

[v](bold) <[I always + adv/prep](bold)> [written](special)

[past tense](italic) [strode](bold) /strəʊd/ US /stroʊd/ [past participle](italic) [stridden](bold) /ˈstrɪdn/


strike

strike back
strike down
strike off
strike on/upon
strike out
strike up

[past tense and past participle](italic) [struck](bold) /strʌk/

to hit or fall against the surface of something

She fell heavily, striking her head against the side of the boat.

她重重地摔倒，头撞在船舷上。

A snowball struck him on the back of the head.

一个雪球打中他的后脑勺。

Several cars were struck by falling trees.

The last rays of the setting sun struck the windows.

落日的最后一缕阳光照在窗户上。

In everyday English, people usually say [hit](bold)  rather than [strike](bold) :

to deliberately hit someone or something with your hand or a weapon

The victim had been struck with some kind of wooden implement.

受害人遭到某种木器的击打。

Paul [struck](bold) him [a blow](bold) to the head.

The assassin’s bullet [struck home](bold)(=hit exactly where it should).

if something strikes you, you think of it, notice it, or realize that it is important, interesting, true etc

突然出现〔在脑子里〕，突然被意识到[想到]

我脑子里突然出现一个颇令我担忧的想法。

The first thing that struck me was the fact that there were no other women present.

我首先意识到没有其他女性到场。

It struck her that losing the company might be the least of her worries.

她突然意识到失去公司或许是她最不用担心的一件事。

You can’t help being struck by her kindness.

你禁不住要为她的善良而感动。

[Strike](bold)  is not used in the progressive in this meaning. You say: It strikes me that they are similar.
Don’t say: [It is striking me that they are similar.](strike)

to seem to have a particular quality or feature

His jokes didn’t strike Jack as being very funny.

他的笑话并没让杰克觉得很好笑。

[it strikes sb as strange/odd etc that](bold)

It struck me as odd that the man didn’t introduce himself before he spoke.

我感到很奇怪，那个男人在讲话之前竟然不作自我介绍。

if a group of workers strike, they stop working as a protest against something relating to their work, for example how much they are paid, bad working conditions etc

In many countries, the police are forbidden to strike.

在很多国家，警察是禁止罢工的。

They’re striking for the right to have their trade union recognized in law.

他们正在罢工争取让他们的工会在法律上得到承认。

Guerrillas struck a UN camp, killing 75.

游击队突袭了一个联合国难民营，造成75人死亡。

Opponents of the war say that civilian villages have been struck several times.

反战人士说平民村庄屡遭袭击。

The law would strike at the most basic of civil rights.

这项法令会侵犯最基本的公民权利。

Such prejudices [strike](bold) right [at the heart of](bold) any notions of a civilized society.

这样的偏见直接伤及文明社会理念的核心。

The scandal seemed to have struck a mortal blow to the government’s chances of re-election.

if something bad strikes, it suddenly happens or suddenly begins to affect someone

突然发生〔某种不幸〕；突然对（某人）有坏的影响

The plague struck again for the third time that century.

瘟疫再次暴发，是那个世纪的第三次了。

Everything seemed to be going fine when suddenly [disaster struck](bold).

一切看起来都很正常，但这时灾难突然发生了。

to give the correct amount of importance or attention to two separate things

在 …之间达到平衡，两者兼顾

He was finding it difficult to strike a balance between his family and his work.

他觉得家庭和工作两者很难兼顾。

It isn’t always easy to [strike the right balance](bold).

做到两者兼顾并非总是很容易。

to agree to do something for someone if they do something for you

There are rumors that the president struck a private deal with the corporation’s chairman.

有传言称总裁和公司董事长已经私下里达成协议。

strike a happy/cheerful/cautious etc note

to express a particular feeling or attitude

表达出高兴/振奋/谨慎等的感情[态度]

那篇文章表达了和解的姿态。

Moderate Republicanism appeared to [strike](bold) exactly [the right note](bold) with the voters (=be what the people wanted).

温和的共和党政纲似乎正好符合选民的心意。

to say or do something that other people agree with or have sympathy with

Their story is bound to strike a chord with all parents.

他们的故事一定会引起所有父母的共鸣。

to produce a flame from a match by rubbing it hard across a rough surface

to find a supply of gold, oil etc in the ground or under the sea

〔尤指经过挖掘〕找到黄金/石油等

If they strike oil, drilling will begin early next year.

如果他们找到石油，明年年初就要开始钻井。

to do something that makes you a lot of money

Jackie eventually struck gold with her third novel.

杰姬终于靠她的第三本小说发了大财。

if lightning strikes something, it hits and damages it

The temple burned down after it was [struck by lightning](bold) last year.

那座庙宇去年遭雷击后烧毁了。

[lightning never strikes twice](bold) at → [lightning](->lightning) 1

to do something to help achieve a principle or aim

It’s time we struck a blow for women’s rights.

我们该起来维护妇女权利了。

to be close enough to reach a place easily

By now, they were within striking distance of the shore.

非常靠近〔某物〕；即将实现〔某目标〕

The French team are within striking distance of the world record.

法国队离世界纪录只有咫尺之遥。

to be very lucky, especially when you were not expecting to

We struck it lucky in Bangkok, where we were told there were some extra seats on the plane that night.

我们在曼谷运气很好，他们告诉我们当晚飞机上还有一些座位。

if a clock strikes one, two, six etc, its bell makes a sound once, twice, six etc times according to what time it is

The church clock began to strike twelve.

教堂的钟开始敲响12点。

[strike the hour](bold)(=strike when it is exactly one o'clock, two o'clock etc)

to do something that gives you an advantage over your opponent in a fight, competition etc

〔在争斗、竞争等中〕取得先机

Brazil struck first with a goal in the third minute.

巴西队先声夺人，第三分钟攻入一球。

if something that you say strikes home, it has exactly the effect on someone that you intended

She saw the emotion in her father’s face and knew her words had struck home.

她看到父亲脸上的表情，就知道她的话奏效了。

The word ‘cancer’ still strikes terror into many hearts.

“癌症”一词仍然使很多人心生恐惧。

to stand or sit with your body in a particular position

以某种姿势站[坐]；摆姿势

Malcolm struck his usual pose: hands in pockets, shoulders hunched.

马尔科姆摆出惯常的姿势: 双手插在口袋里，耸起双肩。

to suddenly be unable to talk, usually because you are very surprised or shocked

〔通常因为吃惊或震惊而〕说不出话来

to suddenly feel very afraid, shocked etc

突然感到惊恐/恐惧/敬畏等

As she began to speak to him, she was struck with shyness.

她开口和他说话时，感到十分害羞。

to do something immediately rather than waiting until a later time when you are less likely to succeed

May God strike me dead if I’m telling a lie!

如果我在说谎，上帝让我不得好死！


strike

→ [hunger strike](->hunger strike) → [lightning strike](->lightning strike)

a period of time when a group of workers stop working because of a disagreement about pay, working conditions etc

A teachers’ strike has been announced for next week.

The rail strike has resulted in major delays on roads across the country.

activities such as strikes, or doing less work than usual, as a way of trying to persuade an employer to improve pay, conditions etc

Lecturers voted to take industrial action over their workload.

Prison officers have threatened industrial action.

a short strike, especially one that lasts for one day

Customs officers will return to work today after a twenty-four hour stoppage.

a period of time when a group of workers deliberately work more slowly than usual as a way of protesting about pay, conditions etc

The hospital go-slow comes into effect tomorrow.

The union carried out strikes and go-slows in support of a wage claim.

An estimated 70,000 public sector workers went on strike.

Dock workers began a 24-hour strike last night.

Health workers will stage a two-day strike next week.

The strike was called off two days later.

A three-day strike is planned for next week.

Workers at the processing plant have begun an indefinite strike.

Most teachers wouldn’t be in favour of a long strike.

(=when workers from most industries strike)

They threatened to call a general strike.

In April 1984 the National Union of Mineworkers called a national strike.

(=when all the workers in a factory, industry etc strike)

The dockers voted for an all-out strike.

A rail strike would cause enormous public inconvenience.

The transport workers’ strike inflicted serious damage on the economy.

Some workers had been sacked for taking part in unofficial strikes.

Legislation to curb wildcat strikes will be introduced during the coming parliamentary session.

(=in which all the workers have stopped working completely)

The company faces an all-out strike next month.

(=with angry feelings between workers and managers)

The miners finally returned to work at the end of a long, bitter strike.

The company now faces the prospect of a crippling strike.

Hospital workers have voted in favour of strike action.

The ANC estimated that more than 4,000,000 people heeded its strike call.

(=when workers vote on whether to strike)

The union is going to hold a strike ballot.

a period of time when a group of workers deliberately stop working because of a disagreement about pay, working conditions etc

The government has promised that the army will be called in to help if there is a firemen’s strike.

反对矿场关闭的全国大罢工

a military attack, especially by planes dropping bombs

a surprise [air strike](bold) on military targets

American aircraft carriers have [launched](bold) several [strikes](bold).

美国的航空母舰发动了数次袭击。

the discovery of something valuable under the ground

〔地下珍贵东西的〕意外发现

a condition or situation that makes it extremely difficult for someone or something to be successful

某人/某事处于十分不利的地位；某人/某事很难获得成功

Children from poor backgrounds have two strikes against them by the time they begin school.

贫困家庭的孩子在入学时便处于劣势。

an attempt to hit the ball in baseball that fails, or a ball that is thrown to the batter in the correct area but is not hit

a situation in bowling in which you knock down all the pinsbottle-shaped objects with a ball on your first attempt


striking

[be within striking distance](bold) at → [strike](->strike) 1 sense 18

unusual or interesting enough to be easily noticed

a striking contrast between wealth and poverty

attractive in an unusual way that is easy to notice

相貌出众、肤色黝黑的男子


string

→ [G-string](->G-string) [how long is a piece of string?](bold) at → [long](->long) 1 sense 9 [pull strings](bold) at → [pull](->pull) 1 sense 8 [pull the/sb’s strings](bold) at → [pull](->pull) 1 sense 9 [the purse strings](bold) at → [purse](->purse) 1 sense 5

a strong thread made of several threads twisted together, used for tying or fastening things

〔由几股合成的〕线，细绳，带子

Her key hung on a string around her neck.

她的钥匙穿了根绳子挂在脖子上。

I need a [piece of string](bold) to tie this package.

我需要一根绳子来捆这个包裹。

a number of similar things or events coming one after another

一连串，一系列〔事件等〕

a group of letters, words, or numbers, especially in a computer program

〔尤指计算机程序中的〕字符串

having no special conditions or limits on an agreement, relationship etc

〔协议、关系等〕无附带条件的，无任何限制的

The policy offers 15% interest, with no strings attached.

这份保单提供15%的利息，没有任何附带条件。

several objects of the same type connected with a thread, chain etc

one of the long thin pieces of wire,nylon etc that are stretched across a musical instrument and produce sound

the people in an orchestra or band who play musical instruments that have strings, such as violins

〔管弦乐团或乐队的〕弦乐器部，弦乐器组

relating to or being a member of a team or group with the highest, second highest etc level of skill

最高水平的/次高水平的等

to be able to make someone do whatever you want

苏茜竟能任意支使她的妈妈。

to have more than one skill, idea, plan etc that you can use if you need to


string

string along
string out
string together
string up

[highly-strung](bold) at → [highly](->highly)

[past tense and past participle](italic) [strung](bold) /strʌŋ/

to put things together onto a thread, chain etc

to hang things in a line, usually high in the air, especially for decoration

Christmas lights were strung from one end of Main Street to the other.

梅因街从这头到那头都悬挂着圣诞节彩灯。

the houses and shops were strung out along the bay

住宅和店铺沿海湾排成一行。

to put a string or a set of strings onto a musical instrument


strip

→ [comic strip](->comic strip) → [landing strip](->landing strip) [tear sb off a strip](bold) at → [tear](->tear) 2 sense 8

〔纸、布料等的〕条，带，狭条

A strip of sand between the cliffs and the sea.

悬崖和大海之间的一块狭长沙地

to take your clothes off, especially in a sexually exciting way as a form of entertainment

a road with a lot of shops, restaurants etc along it

〔沿途有许多商店、餐馆等的〕商业街


strip

[past tense and past participle](italic) [stripped](bold) [present participle](italic) [stripping](bold)

to take off your clothes or take off someone else’s clothes

Jack stripped and jumped into the shower.

杰克脱掉衣服，冲进淋浴间。

He stripped off his sweater and threw it onto the couch.

他脱掉毛衣，扔到长沙发上。

Eric stood in the hot sun, [stripped to the waist](bold)(=not wearing any clothes on the top half of his body).

埃里克赤裸着上身站在炽热的骄阳下。

Terry [stripped down to](bold) her bra and pants (=removed all her clothes except her bra and pants) and tried on the dress.

特里脱得只剩下胸罩和内裤，然后试穿连衣裙。

The boys [stripped naked](bold) and jumped in the pond.

男孩子们脱得精光，跳进池塘里。

to take off your clothes in a sexually exciting way as entertainment for someone else

to remove something that is covering the surface of something else

剥去，除去〔表面的东西〕

We need to strip the wallpaper off the walls first.

to separate an engine or piece of equipment into pieces in order to clean or repair it

拆卸〔引擎或设备以进行清洁或检修〕

to remove everything that is inside a building, all the equipment from a car etc so that it is completely empty

搬走〔建筑物、汽车等中〕的所有东西，将 …搬空

The apartment had been [stripped bare](bold).

to damage or break the gears of something or the threadraised line on a screw so that it does not work correctly anymore

损坏 …的齿轮；磨损〔螺钉〕的螺纹


stripe

[earn your stripes](bold) at → [earn](->earn)

a line of colour, especially one of several lines of colour all close together

the red and white stripes on the US flag

a coloured line or thin mark, especially one that is not straight or has been made accidentally

His hair was black with streaks of grey.

He saw the red streaks of sunrise in the sky.

a thick line of colour that is different from the areas around it

Politicians of all stripes complained about the plan.

各个派别的政客都抱怨这项计划。

a narrow piece of material worn on the arm of a uniform as a sign of rank

〔制服袖子上表示级别的〕臂章


strive

[past tense](italic) [strove](bold) /strəʊv/ US /stroʊv/ [past participle](italic) [striven](bold) /ˈstrɪv/

to make a great effort to achieve something

We must continue to strive for greater efficiency.

我们必须继续为提高效率而努力。


stroke

(=someone can no longer move as the result of a stroke)

Two years later she had a stroke which left her paralysed.

Her brother has just died of a massive stroke.

(=one that does not have very bad effects)

if someone has a stroke, an arterytube carrying blood in their brain suddenly bursts or becomes blocked, so that they may die or be unable to use some muscles

I looked after my father after he had a stroke.

我父亲中风后由我照看他。

one of a set of movements in swimming or rowing in which you move your arms or the oar forward and then back

〔游泳或划船的〕一次划水

她游泳时的划水动作平稳有力。

〔游泳的〕游法；〔划船的〕划法

the action of hitting the ball in games such as tennis,golf, and cricket

〔网球、高尔夫球、板球等的〕击球

a single movement of a pen or brush when you are writing or painting

〔书写或绘画时的〕一挥，挥笔动作

A few strokes of her pen brought out his features clearly.

她寥寥数笔就清晰地勾画出了他的容貌特征。

the thick downward strokes of the characters

At one stroke, the country lost two outstanding leaders.

这个国家一下子失去了两位杰出的领导人。

She arrived home on the stroke of midnight.

The only goal of the match came on the stroke of half time.

比赛中唯一一次进球是在上半场正好结束的时候。

something lucky that happens to you unexpectedly

In a stroke of luck, a suitable organ donor became available.

正巧，有了合适的器官捐献者。

a very good idea about what to do to solve a problem

It was a stroke of genius to film the movie in Toronto.

在多伦多拍摄这部影片真是高明之举。

an action of hitting someone with something such as a whip or thin stick

He cried out at each stroke of the whip.

鞭子每抽一下，他就大叫一声。

a gentle movement of your hand over something

I [gave](bold) her hair a gentle [stroke](bold).

我轻轻地抚摸了一下她的头发。

if someone in authority does something with a stroke of the pen, they sign an official document to make a decision with important and serious results

大笔一挥〔签署重要文件〕

He had the power to order troops home with a stroke of his pen.

他有权力大笔一挥就让军队回家。

a bright flash of lightning, especially one that hits something

〔尤指击中某物的〕闪电一击

a single sound made by a clock giving the hours, or by a bell,gong etc

〔时钟、铃、锣等报时的〕一次鸣响，敲击声

to make someone stop giving all their attention to what they are doing

Seeing Frank watching me put me off my stroke.

发现弗兰克在看我，我分神了。

used when you are saying a number written with the mark (/) in it

The serial number is seventeen stroke one(=17/1).


stroke

He reached out and stroked her cheek tenderly.

他伸出手，温柔地抚摸她的脸颊。

to move something somewhere with gentle movements of your hand

He lifted her face and stroked her hair from her eyes.

他抬起她的脸，轻轻拂去她眼睛上的头发。

to hit or kick a ball with a smooth movement in games such as tennis, golf, and cricket

〔网球、高尔夫球、板球等中〕击〔球〕

He stroked the ball into an empty net, with a minute to go.

还剩一分钟时，他把球捅入空门。

to say nice things to someone to make them feel good, especially because you want something from them

拍某人马屁，对某人阿谀奉承


stroll

[stroll](bold) n. <C> eg: They [went for a stroll](bold) in the park.

We were strolling along, laughing and joking.

我们有说有笑，信步走着。


strong

[come on strong](bold) at → [come on](->come on)

It took four strong men to lift the piano.

You open it – you’re stronger than I am.

very strong – used about someone’s body, arms, muscles etc

He was a tall man with a powerful physique.

She liked men who were big and muscular.

a well-built man is strong and tall and has a big body

Police say the man they are looking for is 36 years old, 6 feet tall, and well-built.

She married hunky Hollywood star Brad Pitt.

He looks hunky, but he’s not really my type.

The bags are made of strong black plastic.

strong – used especially about something that can be used a lot without damaging it or making it weaker

Kitchen floors need to be tough enough to withstand heavy use.

extremely strong – used about materials, tools, machines etc that are made especially to be used a lot without being easily damaged

strong and often thick, and not likely to fall over or get broken

extremely strong and impossible to break

Babies need to have unbreakable dishes and cups.

impossible to break, damage, or destroy, and lasting forever

The pyramids were built as indestructible tombs for the Pharaohs.

used about materials and products that will remain in good condition for a long time even when they are used a lot

Ceramic tiles are easy to keep clean and hard-wearing.

used about materials and products that will remain in good condition for a long time – often used on product labels

strongly made – used especially about the structure of something, for example a vehicle or machine

The hardware for the computer must be robust and inexpensive.

I have a lot of strong feelings on the issue.

We have a strong belief that everyone has the right to worship freely.

There is a strong sense of community here.

The idea won strong support in rural areas.

There had been strong opposition to the scheme from the national park authority.

At 16, he developed a strong interest in archaeology.

Since its establishment in 1945 the College has had a strong commitment to research.

People have a strong desire for personal independence.

The experience of living there had a strong influence on me.

There’s always a strong temptation to put off doing difficult tasks.

[comparative](italic) [stronger](bold) [superlative](italic) [strongest](bold)

having a lot of physical power so that you can lift heavy things, do hard physical work etc

强健的，健壮的，力气大的

He picked her up in his big strong arms.

他用粗壮的双臂将她抱起来。

坚固的，结实的，不易损坏的

The locks on the doors were solid and strong.

determined and able to deal with a difficult or upsetting situation

〔应付困境时〕坚强的，坚定的

I’m not strong enough to take insults and hatred.

我不够坚强，承受不了侮辱和仇恨。

强大的，强有力的，影响力大的

→see THESAURUS at [powerful](->powerful)

The Fifth French Republic was established with a strong president in 1958.

法兰西第五共和国成立于1958年，其总统权力很大。

Our party is the strongest as we come up to the election.

我们党在参选时实力最强。

strong emotions, opinions, beliefs etc are ones that you feel or believe a lot and are very serious about

〔感情、观点、信仰等〕强烈的，坚定的，不会动摇的

He had [a strong sense of](bold) responsibility to his vocation of preaching.

他对自己的布道使命有强烈的责任感。

There has been [strong support](bold) for the strike.

这次罢工得到了强有力的支持。

The proposal has met with [strong opposition](bold) from local people.

提议遭到当地民众的强烈反对。

Many people have strong feelings about the issue.

很多人在这个问题上都反应强烈。

a strong desire, influence etc affects you very much

〔欲望、影响等〕强烈的，深刻的

He had a [strong desire](bold) for power.

Such feelings may [have a strong influence](bold) over your decisions.

这种情感可能对你的决定有很大影响。

a strong relationship, friendship etc is very loyal and likely to last a long time

He maintained [strong links](bold) with the world of the deaf.

他与聋人圈子保持着紧密的联系。

She still has a [strong relationship](bold) with her mother.

她和母亲的关系依旧十分密切。

I have a [strong commitment](bold) to the quality of teaching.

我对教学质量抱有强烈的责任心。

likely to persuade other people that something is true or the correct thing to do

There is [a strong case](bold) for an energy conservation programme.

制订能源节约计划是有充分理由的。

They need [strong evidence](bold) to secure a conviction.

他们需要有力的证据才能定罪。

〔成功或发生〕可能性大的

She’s a strong candidate for the party leadership.

她是一个强有力的党魁候选人。

A year ago, there was a strong possibility that he wouldn’t live.

一年前，他大有可能活不成了。

healthy, especially after you have been ill

〔尤指病后〕健康的，强健的

You’ve been blessed with a [strong constitution](bold)(=you are healthy and do not easily become ill).

你幸福地拥有强健的体格。

to be in a situation where you have power over other people or are likely to get what you want

The company have gained a strong position in the cheese market.

这家公司在奶酪市场上占据了优势地位。

wind, water etc that moves with great force

A strong wind was blowing across the lake.

His writing [was strong on](bold) description.

We beat a team that was much stronger than ourselves.

我们打败了一支远比我们强大的球队。

[be sb’s strong point/suit](bold)(=the thing that someone is especially good at)

讲究策略从来不是我所擅长的。

having a taste or smell that you notice easily

〔气味〕强烈的；〔味道〕重的

having a lot of a substance, such as alcohol, that gives something its effect

I haven’t touched [strong drink](bold)(=alcoholic drinks) for years.

speech or writing that contains a lot of swearing

This film is not suitable for children under 12 as it contains strong language.

这部电影里有脏话，不适合12岁以下的儿童观看。

the way that someone pronounces words that shows clearly that they come from a particular area or country

a nose etc that is large and noticeable, especially in an attractive way

轮廓分明的鼻子/下巴/容貌

She has the same strong features as her mother.

她和她母亲一样，有一张轮廓分明的面孔。

a strong currencythe type of money used in a country does not easily lose its value compared with other currencies

used to give the number of people in a crowd or organization

to continue to be active or successful, even after a long time

〔长时间后〕仍然强壮；继续保持成功

He celebrated his ninetieth birthday this month, and he’s [still going strong](bold).

他这个月刚刚庆祝过90岁生日，身体仍然很硬朗。


strongly

→ Don’t say ‘hold/grip something strongly’. Use [firmly](bold) or [tightly](bold)[He gripped my arm tightly.](italic)

if you feel or believe in something strongly, you are very sure and serious about it

I’m [strongly opposed to](bold) capital punishment.

We strongly believe that she is innocent.

in a way that is meant to persuade someone to do something

Before taking action, you are strongly recommended to consult an accountant.

在采取行动之前，强烈建议你咨询一下会计师。

浓重地；强烈地〔指容易感觉到〕


structural

[structurally](bold) adv. eg: Is the building [structurally sound](bold)(=in good condition)?

connected with the structure of something

结构（上）的，构造（上）的

structural changes in the computer industry

The earthquake caused minor structural damage.

这次地震造成了轻微的结构破坏。


structure

[career structure](bold) at → [career](->career) 1 sense 1

Many changes had taken place in the social and political structure of the island.

(=the way society is organized according to people’s education, jobs, income etc)

Britain had a very rigid class structure.

(=the way in which the group of people who control a country or organization are organized)

He was a critic of the country’s power structure.

(=the way managers of a business are organized)

Reform of the management structure was needed.

(=the way a profession is organized which allows you to move up and get better jobs)

Teachers now have a proper career structure.

These genes are involved in determining the basic structure of cells.

Scientists have been investigating the internal structure of the planet Mars.

The book tells of the race to find the molecular structure of DNA.

the way in which the parts of something are connected with each other and form a whole, or the thing that these parts make up

challenges to the existing [power structure](bold)

A new [management structure](bold) has been introduced.

已推行一种新的管理结构。

something that has been built, especially something large such as a building or a bridge

〔尤指大的〕建筑物，结构体

a high wooden structure with a curved roof

带拱顶的高大木结构建筑物

a situation where activities are carefully organized and planned

These kids require a lot of structure and stability.

这些孩子需要有序和稳定的生活。


structure

to arrange the different parts of something into a pattern or system in which each part is connected to the others

The exhibition is structured around three topics.

展览是围绕三个主题精心安排的。

software that helps users structure their work and their data

可以帮助用户整理文件和数据的软件


struggle

to try extremely hard to achieve something, even though it is very difficult

She’s struggling to bring up a family alone.

她独自一人艰难地养活一家人。

The airline is struggling with high costs.

航空公司在努力应付高成本。

Millions of people are struggling for survival.

千千万万的人在挣扎求生。

Firms are struggling against a prolonged recession.

各公司在经济长期衰退的情况下苦苦挣扎。

to fight someone who is attacking you or holding you, especially so that you can escape

〔尤指为逃脱而与他人〕搏斗

James was hit in the mouth as he struggled with the burglars.

詹姆斯在和入室盗贼搏斗时嘴部被击中。

if two people struggle, they fight each other for something, especially something one of them is holding

They struggled for possession of the gun.

Walkers were struggling up the dusty track.

行人在满是尘土的小径上艰难行走。

to be likely to fail, even though you are trying very hard

The team has been struggling all season.

整个赛季球队都在苦苦挣扎。


struggle

a long hard fight to get freedom, political rights etc

〔为争取自由、政治权利等而进行的〕斗争，奋斗

a [power struggle](bold) between forces favoring and opposing change

赞成改革和反对改革的两股势力之间的权力斗争

a long period of time in which you try to deal with a difficult problem

She spoke of her struggles with shyness.

她谈到了自己是如何努力克服羞怯的。

a fight between two people for something, or an attempt by one person to escape from the other

Police said there were no signs of a struggle.

if something is a struggle, you find it very difficult to do

（对某人而言）是困难[费劲]的事


stubborn

[stubbornly](bold) adv. eg: ‘I don’t care,’ she said stubbornly.

refusing to change your mind, even when people think you are wrong or are being unreasonable

Dave can be really stubborn once he’s made up his mind.

very stubborn, in way that is annoying and unreasonable

refusing to change your mind, even when people think that what you want to do is stupid

I told her she was making a big mistake but she was too pig-headed to listen.

very determined to do what you want, often without thinking about the results of your actions – used especially about young people

As a girl, she had been lively and headstrong.

doing what you want, even after you have been told to stop, or when you know that it is wrong – used especially about children

He was a spoiled and wilful child, who always got his own way.

She was passionate and wilful – exactly the sort of creature a man ought to avoid.

behaving in an unreasonable and often angry way, especially by doing the opposite of what people want you to do

determined not to change your mind, even when people think you are being unreasonable

固执的，顽固的，执拗的；倔强的

→see THESAURUS at [determined](->determined)

I’ve got a very [stubborn streak](bold)(=a tendency to be stubborn).

Paul can be [as stubborn as a mule](bold)(=very stubborn).

a very strong and determined refusal etc

顽强的抵抗/固执的拒绝/难以改变的决心等

难以去除[对付，使用]的，顽固的


stuck

the past tense and past participle of stick1


stuck

fixed or trapped in a particular position or place and unable to move or be moved

Sorry I’m late – I got stuck in traffic.

stuck and impossible to move – used especially about parts of a machine, or something trapped between two surfaces

I put in a 50p coin but it got jammed in the slot.

twisted together and unable to be separated – used especially about things such as hair, wire, or string getting caught around something

The chain of her necklace was entangled in her hair.

Swimming in the river is dangerous because you might get entangled in the weeds.

stuck and unable to move from or leave a place – used about people, vehicles, and animals

Hundreds of motorists were left stranded by the snowstorms.

The jellyfish were stranded on the beach.

stuck in shallow water or on the shore, and unable to move – used about whales, sea creatures, and boats

They helped push the beached whale back into the sea.

impossible or unable to move from a particular position

卡住的，无法移动的，动不了的

Sara tried to open the window but it was stuck.

萨拉想打开窗户，但窗户卡住了。

They [got stuck](bold) in a traffic jam.

I’ve [got](bold) something [stuck](bold) in my throat.

我的喉咙里卡了什么东西。

unable to escape from a bad or boring situation

Mum resented being stuck at home with two young kids.

妈妈讨厌整天困在家里照看两个幼小的孩子。

We could be stuck in this place for days.

我们可能会被困在这个地方好几天。

unable to do any more of something that you are working on because it is too difficult

被难倒的，难住的；没法进行下去的

Can you help me with my homework, Dad? I’m stuck.

爸爸，你能辅导我做一下家庭作业吗？我不会做了。

If you [get stuck](bold) on a difficult word, just ask for help.

如果遇到难的单词，就请求帮助。

to have something you do not want because you cannot get rid of it

不得不接受某事物；无法摆脱某事物

We are, unfortunately, stuck with this huge, ugly building.

不幸的是，我们只得接受这幢又大又丑的楼房。

to have to spend time with someone or have a relationship with them, even though you do not want to

摆脱不了某人，甩不掉某人

They are stuck with each other with no end in sight.

他们俩互相都被对方拖住，看不到出头之日。

For once Anthony was [stuck for words](bold)(=did not know what to say).

就这一次安东尼无话可说了。

to start doing something eagerly and with a lot of energy

积极地开始做某事，急切地做某事

脱下夹克，甩开膀子开始干吧！


student

someone who is studying at a university or school. In British English, [student](bold) is not usually used to refer to a child at primary school

How many students are there in your class?

The university has a lot of overseas students.

Most schools have special classes for students with learning difficulties.

someone who is being taught in a particular school or by a particular teacher

He received a letter from one of his former pupils.

The play was performed by a group of local schoolchildren.

a boy or girl who goes to school – used especially when talking about how they behave, or that time in someone’s life

They were behaving like naughty schoolgirls.

When he was a schoolboy, no one had heard of computers.

someone who is learning a foreign language

Learners often have problems with pronunciation.

Approximately 40% of law students are women.

How many college students are politically active?

(=in their first year, second year etc at college or university)

First-year students have an exam at the end of term.

(=one who usually gets an A, B, or C for their work)

He was an A student all the way through high school.

(=one who is studying for a first degree)

Most undergraduate students rely on student loans for finance.

(=one who has already done a first degree)

There is a separate university prospectus for postgraduate students.

When I returned to Cambridge, I continued this work with two of my research students.

He took a degree as a mature student at Birmingham University.

The University welcomes applications from overseas students.

(=money that is lent or given to a student)

Some of them are still paying off student loans.

(=the way of life of university and college students)

Parties are an important part of student life.

(=someone who is learning to be a teacher, doctor, or nurse)

Student teachers work alongside qualified teachers to gain classroom experience.

someone who is studying at a university, school etc

a first-year student at the University of Oslo

奥斯陆大学的一名一年级学生

There are plenty of job opportunities for engineering students.

学工程的学生有许多工作机会。

[student teacher/nurse etc](bold)(=someone who is studying to be a teacher, nurse etc)

[A/B/C student](bold)(=a student who always gets A's, B's etc for their work)

to be very interested in a particular subject

He’s obviously an excellent student of human nature.

显然他对人性的研究很深入。


studio

a room where television and radio programmes are made and broadcast or where music is recorded

〔制作电视或广播节目的〕录音室，播音室，演播室；（音乐）录音室

(also: [studios](bold) <[plural](bold)> )

a film company or the buildings it owns and uses to make its films

电影公司；摄影棚；电影制片厂

Depardieu is making a film with one of the big Hollywood studios.

德帕迪约正在为好莱坞的一家大制片公司拍摄一部电影。

a room where a painter or photographer regularly works

〔画家或摄影师的〕工作室

a room where dancing lessons are given or that dancers use to practise in


study

The scientists are carrying out a study into the effects of global warming.

The study found that men were more likely to take risks.

A British study suggests that older drivers are safer drivers.

(=shows something, especially something surprising)

A recent study revealed that 74% of donuts are bought on impulse.

The study confirms what we all know – smoking is also bad for the people around you.

The study aimed to identify the housing needs of local people.

The study was published in the British Medical Journal.

The study was funded by a major US drugs company.

The government has commissioned a study into the health of residents living near the power station.

Research studies have found that young people are drinking no more than they were 20 years ago.

They carried out a detailed study into the effects of the disease on mice.

They are engaged in a five-year study into the effects of calcium on bone health.

The journal published the results of a massive study of 87,000 women.

The report is a summary of the work done in earlier studies.

(=one done to find out if something will be successful)

The government has just completed a pilot study, with some encouraging results.

(=one done to find out if something is possible or practical)

They commissioned a feasibility study into re-opening the whole railway line.

The aims of this study are to examine the reliability of current techniques.

The results of this study suggest that the drug is effective in over 80% of cases.

His research confirmed the findings of earlier studies.

a piece of work that is done to find out more about a particular subject or problem, and usually includes a written report

〔对某一课题或问题的〕研究

Recent studies show that women still get paid a lot less than men.

最近的调查表明，女性的薪水仍比男性的要低很多。

对澳大利亚野生鸟类的研究

The study was carried out between January and May 2008.

这项研究是在2008年1月到5月间进行的。

when you spend time learning, especially at home or by yourself rather than during school

〔尤指在家里或放学后的〕学习

Set aside a period of time specifically for study.

留出一段时间专门用于学习。

ways to improve [study skills](bold)(=skills that help you study efficiently and be successful in school)

(also: [studies](bold) <[plural](bold)> )

a subject that people study at a college or university

语言学是研究语言的学科。

the work that someone does in order to learn about a particular subject, especially the courses they take at a college or university

〔尤指在大学期间〕某人的功课[课业，学业]

[begin/continue/stop etc your studies](bold)

I gave up my studies when I had the baby.

我生了孩子就放弃了学业。

when you examine or consider something very carefully and in detail

仔细的考虑；仔细的检查；审视

a room in a house that is used for work or study

a small detailed drawing, especially one that is done to prepare for a large painting

Renoir’s studies of small plants and flowers

a piece of music, usually for piano, that is often intended for practice

他脸上完全是一副害怕的表情。


study

to learn about a subject at school, university etc

If you study hard, you’ll get a good job.

to study a subject that you have chosen at school, college etc

What classes are you taking next semester?

In my final year, I decided to take English and economics.

to study a particular subject at school or university

I can’t decide whether to do German or Spanish next year.

to study something as your main subject at a college or university

Diane majored in psychology at the University of Washington.

to study very hard and try to learn a lot of information just before an examination

Everyone’s cramming for their final exams.

to study something in a very detailed way, especially in order to discover new information about it

I’m doing research into second language learning.

It’s difficult to do research on humans.

[past tense and past participle](italic) [studied](bold) [present participle](italic) [studying](bold) [third person singular](italic) [studies](bold)

I’ve been studying English for six years.

I can’t study with that music playing all the time.

那音乐老这么放着，我无法学习。

[study law/business/history etc](bold)(=study a subject at a school or university)

Stephen is currently studying at Exeter University.

斯蒂芬目前在埃克塞特大学学习。

My brother’s studying to be an accountant.

I’ve only got three weeks left to study for my exams.

我只剩三个星期复习迎考了。

study under sb (=be trained by a famous teacher)

a psychologist who studied under Jung in Zurich

曾在苏黎世师从荣格的一位心理学家

to try to find out more about a subject or problem, using scientific methods

Goodall was studying the behavior of chimpanzees in the wild.

古多尔在研究野生黑猩猩的行为。

The scientists were studying the action of a protein called ubiquitin.

科学家正在研究一种被称为泛素的蛋白质的作用。

They’re studying how stress affects body chemistry.

他们在研究压力对人体化学成分的影响。

They got out of the car and studied the map.

I haven’t had time to study the proposals yet.

我还没有时间去细看那些提议。


stuff

[bit of stuff](bold) at → [bit](->bit) 1 sense 14 [kid’s stuff](bold) at → [kid](->kid) 1 sense 4 [know your stuff](bold) at → [know](->know) 1 sense 5 [strut your stuff](bold) at → [strut](->strut) 1 sense 2

[Stuff](bold)  is an uncountable noun and is not used in the plural. You say: The shop sells all kinds of stuff.
Don’t say: [The shop sells all kind of stuffs.](strike)

[Foodstuff](bold)  is a countable noun and is often used in the plural: The country has to import basic foodstuffs such as rice.

used when you are talking about things such as substances, materials, or groups of objects when you do not know what they are called, or it is not important to say exactly what they are

东西；物品〔用于事物名称不详或不重要时〕

我鞋子上有什么黏糊糊的东西。

How do you think you’re going to fit all that stuff into the car?

你说这么多东西你怎么装进车里？

I felt sorry for the ones who had to eat the awful stuff.

我很同情那些只能吃这种难吃东西的人。

某人的物品，某人的所有物

used when talking about different activities, subjects, or ideas, when you do not say exactly what these are

I’ve got so much stuff to do this weekend.

我这个周末有好多事情要做。

There’s a lot of interesting stuff in this book.

这本书里有很多有趣的东西。

He’s talked to me about [all that stuff](bold) too.

那些事情他也都对我说了。

He does mountain biking and skiing, and [stuff like that](bold).

他从事山地自行车、滑雪之类的运动。

used when you are talking about what someone has done or made, for example writing, music, or art

John Lee was getting ready to play his stuff.

约翰·李正准备演奏他的曲子。

He did some great stuff in his early films.

他早期的电影里有一些好东西。

[good stuff](bold) BrE(=used to tell someone that their work is good)

used to say that there are other things similar to what you have just mentioned, but you are not going to say what they are

There’s some very good music there, CD systems and stuff, and laser disks.

那儿有些很好的音乐、激光唱片播放设备什么的，还有激光光盘。

the (very) stuff of dreams/life/politics

exactly the kind of thing that dreams etc consist of

an enchanting place – the very stuff of dreams

一个迷人的地方——犹如梦境

Does he have [the right stuff](bold)(=qualities that make you able to deal with difficulties)?

Surely you’re not going to give up? I thought you [were made of sterner stuff](bold)(=were more determined).

你总不会要放弃吧？我原以为你很坚强。

to do what you are good at when everyone wants you to do it

Come on Gina, get on the dance floor and do your stuff!

来吧，吉娜，到舞池里来显显你的身手！


stuff

to push or put something into a small space, especially in a quick careless way

She stuffed two more sweaters into her bag.

她又往她的袋子里塞了两件毛线衫。

Volunteers were busy stuffing envelopes.

to fill a chicken, pepper etc with a mixture of bread or rice, onion etc before cooking it

给〔鸡、甜椒等〕填馅，填料于〔食物〕

to fill the skin of a dead animal in order to make the animal look still alive

填塞〔动物尸体〕以制作标本

to eat so much food that you cannot eat anything else

The kids have been stuffing themselves with candy.

孩子们一直在一个劲儿地吃糖。

used to tell someone very rudely and angrily that you do not want to talk to them or accept their offer

走开，不要烦了，去你的吧〔以非常粗鲁和生气的语气表示不想与某人交谈或拒绝接受某人的提议〕

He only offered me £10 for it, so I told him to get stuffed.

他只想出十英镑买这个东西，所以我叫他滚开。

used to say very angrily or rudely that you do not want what someone is offering

让某人的某物见鬼去吧〔非常气愤或粗鲁地表示不接受某人给的东西〕

‘All right. You can stuff your money!’ Reynolds exploded.

“得了。让你的钱见鬼去吧！”雷诺兹勃然大怒道。

used to say angrily or rudely that you do not care about something or do not want something

管他呢，去他的〔气愤或粗鲁地表示不在乎或不想要〕

I thought, stuff it, I’ll do what I want.

我想，管他呢，我想做什么就做什么。


stuffed

[adj](bold) <[not before noun](bold)> [informal](special)

completely full, so that you cannot eat any more

不，不要甜点了，我吃饱了。


stumble

to hit your foot against something or put your foot down awkwardly while you are walking or running, so that you almost fall

In her hurry, she stumbled and spilled the milk all over the floor.

匆忙中她绊了一下，把牛奶洒得满地都是。

Vic stumbled over the step as he came in.

维克进来时在台阶上绊了一下。

to walk in an unsteady way and often almost fall

他踉踉跄跄地走上楼，一头倒在床上。

to stop or make a mistake when you are reading to people or speaking

〔朗读或说话时〕结巴，说错

I hope I don’t stumble over any of the long words.

希望我说那些长单词不会结结巴巴。


stunned

〔因惊讶、震惊而〕说不出话来

→see THESAURUS at [shocked](->shocked)   →see THESAURUS at [surprised](->surprised)

The audience sat in [stunned silence](bold).

观众们坐在那里，惊愕得哑然无声。


stunning

[stunningly](bold) adv. eg: a stunningly beautiful woman

→see THESAURUS at [beautiful](->beautiful)

You look absolutely stunning in that dress.

你穿那件连衣裙非常迷人。


stupid

[stupidly](bold) adv. eg: I stupidly agreed to organize the party.

showing a total lack of good sense or good judgment. [Stupid ](bold) sounds very strong and is often used when you are annoyed or strongly criticizing someone’s behaviour

I wish you’d stop asking stupid questions.

It was stupid of me to leave the door unlocked.

Well, if you’re stupid enough to skate on the lake, you deserve to fall in.

doing or saying things that are not sensible or serious, and that may make you feel embarrassed later. [Silly](bold) sounds much gentler than [stupid](bold)

Don’t be so silly! There’s nothing wrong with you.

I think you’re silly to worry so much about your hair.

not sensible, often in a way that is also amusing

Don’t be daft! Of course you’re not too old to go clubbing.

Oh, I just did the dumbest thing back there, I forgot my purse.

stupid. [Foolish](bold) sounds rather formal and is used mainly in written English. The usual words to use in everyday English are [silly](bold) or [stupid](bold)

I think the board of directors made a foolish choice that it will later regret.

done without thinking carefully enough about the possible disadvantages that may result

used when you think that what someone is planning or suggesting is certain to fail, but you do not want to say directly that they are behaving in a stupid way

The leader of the opposition described it as ‘a brave decision.’

not at all sensible or reasonable – used when you are very surprised by someone’s behaviour or what they have said

Ian’s got some crazy plan to drive across Africa.

You’re crazy to think of hitch-hiking on your own.

Some people spend a ridiculous amount of money on cars.

It’s absolutely ridiculous to suggest that he would do something like that.

extremely stupid – used especially when an idea or situation seems strange or illogical

How can a return ticket cost less than a single? It’s totally absurd!

Some of the objections to the theory are simply absurd.

so stupid that you cannot believe someone is telling the truth or being serious

It would be laughable if it wasn’t so serious.

showing a lack of good sense or good judgment

I can’t believe Kate was stupid enough to get involved in this.

我简直不能相信凯特这么傻，会介入这件事情。

[It was stupid of me](bold) to lose my temper.

我大发脾气，真是太愚蠢了。

[Stupid](bold)  is very frequent in spoken English, but in written English people usually prefer to use more a formal alternative, such as [foolish](bold)  or [unwise](bold) , which sounds more polite.

having a low level of intelligence, so that you have difficulty learning or understanding things

I couldn’t do it, and it made me feel stupid.

这件事我做不来，这让我感到自己很愚蠢。

used when you are talking about something or someone that makes you annoyed or impatient

恼人的，讨厌的〔用以表示气恼或不耐烦〕

我没办法弄响这台讨厌的收音机。

unable to think clearly because you are extremely cold, tired etc

冷得迷糊/睡得迷糊/震惊得发傻等


stupid

[n](bold) [spoken](special) [not polite](special)

an insulting way of talking to someone who you think is being stupid


sturdy

[comparative](italic) [sturdier](bold) [superlative](italic) [sturdiest](bold)

an object that is sturdy is strong, well-made, and not easily broken

〔物件〕结实的，坚实的，坚固的

那把椅子看上去不太结实。

someone who is sturdy is strong, short, and healthy looking

〔人〕健壮的，强健的，壮实的

determined and not easily persuaded to change your opinions

坚定的，坚决的，不易改变主意的

They kept up a sturdy opposition to the plan.

他们一直坚决反对那项计划。


style

[cramp sb’s style](bold) at → [cramp](->cramp) 2 → [lifestyle](->lifestyle)

a particular way of doing, designing, or producing something, especially one that is typical of a particular place, period of time, or group of people

〔尤指某个地方、某个时期或某个群体的〕风格，作风

an attempt to use Japanese management style in a European business

将日本的管理方式用于欧洲企业的尝试

the particular way that someone behaves, works, or deals with other people

〔某人行为、工作或待人的〕方式，特点

Children have different styles of learning: some learn by seeing, some by hearing, some by doing.

儿童的学习方式各不相同: 有的通过观察，有的通过聆听，有的通过动手。

[be more sb’s style](bold)(=used to say that you prefer something)

I don’t think the parachuting weekend is for me – the art class is more my style.

我认为周末去跳伞不适合我，上美术课才是我喜欢的。

I [like your style](bold)(=approve of the way you do things), Simpson.

我喜欢你做事的方式，辛普森。

I can’t ask a man out – [it’s not my style](bold)(=it is not the way I usually behave).

我不会约男人出去，那不是我的作风。

a typical way of writing, painting etc that is used by a particular person or during a particular period of time

The paintings are in an expressionistic style.

那些画作是表现主义风格的。

a play in the style of classical Greek tragedy

a particular design or fashion for something such as clothes, hair, furniture etc

Car styles have changed radically in the past 20 years.

在过去20年里，汽车的款式彻底改变了。

The rooms are furnished in a modern style.

那些房间是以现代风格布置的。

young women interested in style rather than comfort

注重款式而非舒适性的年轻女性

a confident and attractive quality that makes people admire you, and that is shown in your appearance, or the way you do things

You may not like her, but she certainly [has style](bold).

你也许不喜欢她，但她确实有风度。

a way of using words or spelling that is considered correct

It’s not good style to use abbreviations in an essay.

在文章里用缩略语不够规范。

done in a way that people admire, especially because it is unusual, shows great determination, or involves spending a lot of money

Nadal won the match in fine style, not losing a single game.

纳达尔一局未失，赢得非常潇洒。


style

to design clothing, furniture, or the shape of someone’s hair in a particular way

设计，把 …制作成某种式样

These shoes have been styled for maximum comfort.

to give yourself a particular title or name

称自己为 …，自称为 …

They style themselves ‘the terrible twins’.

他们自称“可怕的双胞胎”。

to make an effort to appear relaxed and confident, especially when you have done something embarrassing

〔尤指做了尴尬事后〕故作镇定


stylish

→see THESAURUS at [fashionable](->fashionable)

位于伦敦西区的一家有格调的饭店


subject

→ [citizen](->citizen) sense 2 → [national](->national) 2

Have you discussed the subject with your husband?

(=start talking about something different)

The subject is dealt with in great detail in his previous book.

In his speech, he touched on the subject of death.

We somehow got onto the subject of detective stories.

(=start talking about a sensitive subject)

She hesitated, wondering exactly how to broach the subject of their sleeping arrangements.

Somehow I just knew in the end we would get back to the subject of money.

To her relief, Julius dropped the subject.

I knew he was trying to avoid the subject of drugs.

She hoped that Anna would keep off the subject of Luke for the next few hours.

It was difficult to get him off the subject of cars.

The content of the curriculum has become a controversial subject.

Steer clear of complicated issues or sensitive subjects.

She carefully avoided discussing the delicate subject of money.

(=one that it is not acceptable to mention)

For them, death was not a taboo subject.

TV is a favourite subject for discussion.

She searched for a new subject of conversation.

(=a subject people discuss and disagree about)

The reason for the increased risk of cancer is still a subject of debate.

(=a subject people disagree about strongly)

Nuclear power is still the subject of considerable controversy.

He has written a lot in this subject area.

the thing you are talking about or considering in a conversation, discussion, book, film etc

〔对话、讨论、书、电影等的〕主题，题目；话题

Paul has strong opinions on most subjects.

保罗在大多数问题上观点激烈。

The subjects covered in this chapter are exercise and nutrition.

本章涵盖的主题是运动和营养。

Truffaut’s childhood memories were the subject of his first film.

特吕弗的童年记忆是他第一部电影的主题。

While we’re [on the subject of](bold) money, do you have the $10 you owe me?

既然我们谈到钱这个话题，那你欠我的十美元，现在有吗？

→ Don’t say ‘the subject is about ... ’:[The subject of the poem is war.](italic)[The poem is about war.](italic)

an area of knowledge that you study at a school or university

the thing or person that you show when you paint a picture, take a photograph etc

〔绘画、摄影等的〕对象，题材，主题

Monet loved to use gardens as his subjects.

莫奈喜欢以花园作为题材。

a person or animal that is used in a test or experiment

The subjects of this experiment were all men aged 18–35.

a noun, noun phrase, or pronoun that usually comes before a main verb and represents the person or thing that performs the action of the verb, or about which something is stated, for example ‘she’ in ‘She hit John’ or ‘elephants’ in ‘Elephants are big’

主语〔如She hit John中的she，或Elephants are big中的elephants〕

someone who was born in a country that has a king or queen, or someone who has a right to live there


subject

if someone or something is subject to something, especially something bad, it is possible or likely that they will be affected by it

易受 …影响，可能会受 …影响

if something is subject to something such as approval, it depends on that thing happening before it can happen

取决于某人[某事]，视某人[某事]而定

The funding is subject to approval by the Board of Education.

拨款有待教育委员会批准。

be subject to a rule/law/penalty/tax etc

if you are subject to a rule, law, penalty etc, you must obey the rule or pay an amount of money

须遵守规则/须遵守法令/须缴纳罚款/须缴纳税款等

a subject country, state, people etc are strictly governed by another country

〔国家、人民等〕被他国统治的，受人管辖的


subject

to force a country or group of people to be ruled by you, and control them very strictly


subjective

[subjectively](bold) adv. eg: His work was judged objectively as well as subjectively.

[subjectivity](bold) /ˌsʌbdʒekˈtɪvəti/  n. <U>

a statement, report, attitude etc that is subjective is influenced by personal opinion and can therefore be unfair

作为评论家，他过于主观。

a [highly subjective](bold) point of view

The ratings were based on the subjective judgement of one person.

这些等级是基于个人的主观判断而定的。

existing only in your mind or imagination

主观想象的，只存在于想象之中的


sublime

something that is sublime is so good or beautiful that it affects you deeply

卓越的，超群的；令人赞叹的

Her songs are a sublime fusion of pop and Brazilian music.

她的歌曲是流行乐和巴西音乐的巧妙融合。

used to describe feelings or behaviour that are very great or extreme, especially when someone seems not to notice what is happening around them


sublime

something that is so good or beautiful that you are deeply affected by it

高尚，崇高；壮丽，宏伟；庄严

The works on display range from the mainstream to the sublime.

展出的作品有主流的，也有非凡出众的。

used to say that a serious and important thing or event is being followed by something very silly, unimportant, or bad

〔指事物或事件〕从高超到荒谬，从一个极端到另一个极端


submarine

also: [sub](bold)  [n](bold) <[C](bold)>

a ship, especially a military one, that can stay under water


submarine

生于海底[海中]的；海底使用的


submission

the state of being completely controlled by a person or group, and accepting that you have to obey them

[force/frighten/beat etc sb into submission](bold)

Napoleon threatened to starve the country into submission.

拿破仑扬言要让这个国家挨饿到屈服。

when you give or show something to someone in authority, for them to consider or approve

The deadline for the submission of proposals is May 1st.

呈交提案的最后期限是5月1日。

Plans were drawn up [for submission to](bold) the housing council.

计划已起草，要提交给住房委员会。

Submissions will not be accepted after May.

过了5月再提交将不予接受。

It is important, [in my submission](bold), that a wider view of the matter be taken.

我认为，对待这件事一定要有更加宽阔的视野。

a request or suggestion that is given to a judge for them to consider

提交仲裁的要求；提请考虑的建议


submit

[past tense and past participle](italic) [submitted](bold) [present participle](italic) [submitting](bold)

to give a plan, piece of writing etc to someone in authority for them to consider or approve

呈送，提交，呈递〔计划等〕

[submit an application/claim/proposal etc](bold)

All applications must be submitted by Monday.

所有申请必须在星期一前递交。

to agree to obey someone or something or to go through a process, especially when you have no choice

〔尤指无可选择时〕同意服从[遵守，接受]，顺从

Derek has agreed to submit to questioning.

I submit that the jury has been influenced by the publicity in this case.

我认为，在本案的审理过程中，陪审团受到了媒体报道的影响。


subordinate

in a less important position than someone else

女人以前是从属于男人的。

These aims were subordinate to the main aims of the mission.

和这次任务的主要目标相比，这些目标是次要的。


subordinate

someone who has a lower position and less authority than someone else in an organization


subordinate

səˈbɔːdəneɪt

[subordination](bold) /səˌbɔːdəˈneɪʃ/ US /-ˌbɔːr-/  n. <U>

to put someone or something in a less important position

使处于次要地位，使从属于

Why subordinate your wishes to those of your family?

你为什么把自己的愿望置于家人的愿望之下？


subscribe

to pay money, usually once a year, to have copies of a newspaper or magazine sent to you, or to have some other service

订阅〔报纸或杂志〕，订购〔服务〕

You can subscribe to the magazine for as little as $32 a year.

一年只需32美元就可以订阅这份杂志。

to pay money regularly to be a member of an organization or to help its work

定期缴纳会员费；定期捐款

She subscribes to an environmental action group.

她定期捐款给一个环境行动组织。

Each employee may subscribe for up to £2,000 worth of shares.

每位员工最高可以认购价值2,000英镑的股份。


subscription

An annual subscription to the magazine costs $20.

(=pay to get something regularly for a year)

She took out a subscription to the Scientific American.

Please give a month's notice if you are cancelling your subscription.

(=pay again so you can keep getting something)

We pay a monthly subscription for the sports channel.

If you pay a subscription fee, you can watch matches on the Internet.

an amount of money you pay, usually once a year, to receive copies of a newspaper or magazine, or receive a service, or the act of paying money for this

订阅（费）；用户费（的缴纳）

Are you interested in [taking out](bold) a [subscription](bold) to ‘Newsweek’ (=arranging to buy it on a regular basis)?

你有兴趣订阅《新闻周刊》吗？

You may [cancel](bold) your [subscription](bold) at any time.

I’ve decided not to [renew](bold) my [subscription](bold).

an amount of money you pay regularly to be a member of an organization or to help its work, or the act of paying money for this

会（员）费；会（员）费的缴纳

when people in a country or place give money in order to pay for something to be done

The church’s 120-foot Gothic spire was paid for [by public subscription](bold) in 1939.

这座教堂120英尺高的哥特式尖塔是1939年由公众捐资建成的。


subsection

a part of a section, especially in a legal document

〔尤指法律文件的〕分款，分项


subsequent

happening or coming after something else

These skills were passed on to subsequent generations.

events that happened subsequent to the accident


subsequently

The book was subsequently translated into 15 languages.

该书后来被译成15种语言。

Subsequently, the company filed for bankruptcy.

随后，该公司申请了破产。


subside

if a feeling, pain, sound etc subsides, it gradually becomes less and then stops

〔感情、痛苦、声音等〕逐渐减弱；平静下来，平息

Simon waited until the laughter subsided.

西蒙一直等到笑声平息下来。

The pains in his head had subsided, but he still felt dizzy and sick.

他的头痛已经减轻，但仍感到眩晕和恶心。

if a building or an area of land subsides, it gradually sinks to a lower level

〔建筑物或土地〕沉降，下陷

After the heavy rains, part of the road subsided.

大雨过后，部分路面塌陷了。

if bad weather conditions subside, they gradually return to a normal state

〔恶劣天气〕平息，平静下来

The wind gradually subsided, and all was quiet.

风逐渐平息，一切又恢复了平静。

if water, especially flood water, subsides, it gradually goes underground or back to a normal level

When the floods subsided, the streets were littered with bodies.


subsidiary

a company that is owned or controlled by another larger company

我们在日本的附属公司之一


subsidiary

connected with, but less important than, something else

All other issues are subsidiary to this one.

其他所有问题都是这个问题连带出来的。


subsidize

[subsidized](bold) adj. <only before noun> eg: heavily subsidized agricultural exports

[subsidization](bold) /ˌsʌbsədaɪˈzeɪʃ/ US /-də-/  n. <U>

BrE also: subsidise  [v](bold) <[T](bold)>

if a government or organization subsidizes a company, activity etc, it pays part of its costs

Farming is [heavily subsidized](bold)(=subsidized a lot) by the government.

农业得到政府的大量补贴。

[Subsidize](bold)  is often used in the passive.


subsidy

money that is paid by a government or organization to make prices lower, reduce the cost of producing goods etc

〔政府或组织为平抑物价、降低生产成本等而提供的〕津贴，补贴，补助金

international disagreement over trade subsidies


substance

Using chemicals or other hazardous substances at work can put people's health at risk.

Cigarette smoke contains several poisonous substances.

(=harmful to people and the environment)

All toxic substances should be labelled and carefully stored in a safe place.

(=containing a form of energy that can harm people)

People who work with radioactive substances are subject to strict regulations.

(=used mainly to refer to illegal drugs)

Any player found guilty of using banned substances faces the prospect of a lengthy suspension.

He was charged with possessing a controlled substance.

Despite being an organic substance, ivory is remarkably durable.

a particular type of solid, liquid, or gas

The leaves were covered with a strange sticky substance.

树叶上覆着一层黏糊糊的怪东西。

Plutonium 238 is one of the most toxic substances known to man.

[illegal/banned/prohibited/controlled substance](bold)(=used especially about illegal drugs)

Police found an illegal substance in his car.

警察在他的车里发现了违禁品。

[There is no substance to](bold) the rumours (=they are untrue).

O'Connell’s remarks are completely without substance.

奥康奈尔的话完全站不住脚。

the most important ideas contained in an argument or piece of writing

〔论点、文章的〕主旨，主要内容，要义

[The substance of his argument](bold) was that people on welfare should work.

他论点的主旨是享受社会福利的人应该去工作。

What she said, in substance, was that the mayor should resign.

她所说的话的中心意思是市长应该辞职。

It was an entertaining speech, but it [lacked substance](bold)(=there was no important information in it).

演讲很有趣味，但缺乏实质性的内容。

We should be discussing matters of substance.

我们应该讨论重要的事情。


substantial

We have the support of a substantial number of parents.

我们有相当多家长的支持。

The document requires substantial changes.


substantially

The deer population has increased substantially in recent years.

近几年，鹿的数量大幅增长。

used to say that in many ways something is true, the same, different etc

There are one or two minor differences, but they’re substantially the same text.

这些文本有一两处细微差异，但大体上是一样的。


substantive

dealing with things that are important or real

The State Department reported that substantive discussions had taken place with Beijing.

美国国务院称已经和北京方面进行了实质性的商谈。


substitute

someone who does someone else’s job for a limited period of time, especially in a sports team or school

代替者；〔尤指〕替补队员；代课老师

Germany brought on a substitute at half time.

德国队在比赛半场时换上一名替补队员。

The coach has to find a substitute for Tim.

a person or thing that you use instead of the one that you usually have, because the usual one is not available

used to emphasize that something is not as good as another thing

不能替代某事物〔用于强调某一事物没有另一事物好〕

Vitamin pills are no substitute for a healthy diet.

维生素片不能替代健康饮食。


substitute

to use something new or different instead of something else

用〔新的或不同的事物〕代替

The recipe says you can substitute yoghurt for the sour cream.

食谱说可以用酸奶替代酸味奶油。

to do someone’s job until the person who usually does it is able to do it again

Bill substituted for Larry, who was off sick.

拉里生病请假，由比尔替代。

to replace someone with another person, especially another player

Michael Owen had to be substituted after 20 minutes on the field.

迈克尔·欧文上场20分钟后，不得不被换下。


subtitle

[subtitled](bold) adj. eg: a subtitled version of the film

the words printed over a film in a foreign language to translate what is being said by the actors

a second title below the main title in a book, which gives more information about what is in the book, show etc

The opera’s subtitle is ‘The School for Lovers’.

这出歌剧的副标题是“情人学校”。

The book is subtitled ‘A Psychology of Masculinity’.

这本书的副标题是“男性心理”。


subtle

[subtly](bold) adv. eg: a subtly different colour

[comparative](italic) [subtler](bold) or [comparative](italic) [more subtle](bold) [superlative](italic) [subtlest](bold)

not easy to notice or understand unless you pay careful attention

难以察觉[理解]的；微妙的，细微的

The pictures are similar, but there are subtle differences between them.

这些图片很相似，但它们之间有细微的差别。

The warning signs of the disease are so subtle that they are often ignored.

这种疾病的警示征兆不易察觉，因而往往被忽视。

The flavour of the dried berries is more subtle.

The dish had a [subtle hint](bold) of ginger.

这道菜微微带点姜的味道。

behaving in a skilful and clever way, especially using indirect methods or language to hide what you are trying to do

我认为我们需要采用一种更含蓄的方式。

She wasn’t very subtle about it. She just said she didn’t love him anymore.

她没有拐弯抹角，直说不再爱他了。

very clever in noticing and understanding things

敏感的，敏锐的；有辨识力的


suburb

an area where people live which is away from the centre of a town or city

→see THESAURUS at [area](->area)   →see THESAURUS at [city](->city)

Don’t you get bored living out here in the suburbs?

你住在这郊区难道不觉得无聊吗？


subway

the railway system that runs under the ground below a big city. British people use [the underground](bold) when talking about the railway system in London, and many systems outside the US

the railway system that runs under London

used especially to talk about the railway system that runs under Paris. Also used about some other city’s systems, for example Moscow, Washington DC and Newcastle

a railway system that runs under the ground below a big city

Boston has the oldest [subway system](bold) in the US.

波士顿拥有美国最老的地铁运输系统。

a path for people to walk under a road or railway

〔公路或铁路下的〕地下通道，地下人行道


succeed

to do something you tried or wanted to do

Will they succeed in winning the election?

He wanted to make her jealous, and he succeeded.

to succeed in doing something difficult, after trying hard. [Manage to do sth](bold) is very commonly used instead of [succeed in doing sth](bold) in everyday English

He finally managed to find an apartment near his office.

Don’t worry – I’m sure we’ll manage somehow.

to succeed in doing something good or important

She’s achieved a lot in the short time she’s been with the company.

If we are to achieve our goals, we have to plan properly.

The government accomplished its objective of reducing violent crime.

What do you hope to accomplish this year?

to be successful in your career, or to succeed in reaching a place or part of a competition

Only a few people make it to the top and become professional singers.

Which two teams will make it to the final?

to succeed in doing something, especially when you could easily have not succeeded. [Pull off](bold) sounds rather informal

Italy pulled off a great victory over Germany.

I’d never performed on my own before, and wasn’t sure if I could pull it off.

She wanted to be the first woman to climb Mount Everest, and she almost succeeded.

Scientists claim they have succeeded in finding a cure for cancer.

科学家声称他们发现了一种治疗癌症的方法。

Very few people succeed in losing weight and keeping it off.

很少有人能减肥成功不反弹的。

In everyday English, people often say they [manage to do](bold)  something rather than [succeed in doing](bold)  something:

Eventually I [managed to](bold) get the lid back on the box.

You [succeed in doing](bold)  something: She succeeded in persuading him.
Don’t say: [She succeeded to persuade him.](strike)

You can also use [succeed](bold)  on its own: I hope you succeed.

[Succeed](bold)  is not used transitively in this meaning.
Don’t say: [I hope you succeed it.](strike)

to have the result or effect something was intended to have

In everyday English, people often say that a method or treatment [works](bold)  rather than [succeeds](bold) :

We tried rebooting the computer, but that didn’t [work](bold).

to do well in your job, especially because you have worked hard at it for a long time

〔在事业上〕取得成功，功成名就

I’m not sure he has the determination to succeed as an actor.

我不敢肯定他是否有决心当一名成功演员。

在政界很有成就的一位女性

to be the next person to take a position or job after someone else

Reeves will succeed Segal as Speaker of the House.

里夫斯将接替西格尔担任议院议长。

[succeed sb to the throne](bold)(=to be the next king or queen after someone else)

to come after or replace something else, especially another product

This car is intended to succeed the popular Fiesta.

这款汽车旨在取代广受欢迎的福特嘉年华。

used to say that success often leads to even greater success

一事成，事事成；一顺百顺

used when someone does the opposite of what they intended to do

It seems I’ve only succeeded in upsetting you.

看起来我反倒让你伤心了。


success

Everyone agreed the picnic was a great success.

The government claimed the policy was a major success.

Financially, the event was a resounding success.

This plant can be grown by the absolute beginner with great success.

The group is already achieving some success.

Attempts to resolve the dispute met with little success.

The attempt to replace coca with other crops has had only limited success.

None of his ideas had any commercial success.

There is no evidence that early teaching of reading leads to academic success.

The electoral success of the far right understandably fills many people in Europe with alarm.

This military success was achieved at a cost.

China has had considerable success in conserving water since 1983.

We are disappointed that this round of negotiations has not met with success.

(=say that your success was the result of it)

They put their success down to their excellent teamwork.

A visitor asked Connie the secret of her success with growing roses.

(=what percentage of actions are successful)

The success rate in cloning is still extremely low.

when you achieve what you want or intend

I tried to contact him, but without success.

我试图联系他，但没有成功。

Did you [have](bold) any [success](bold) in persuading Alan to come?

when a lot of people like something, buy something, go to see something etc

Her book has [enjoyed ](bold)a lot of [success](bold)(=it has been very successful).

The play was a [box-office success](bold)(=many people went to see it).

The show was an [overnight success](bold)(=it was immediately successful).

when someone achieves a high position in their job, on a course, in a sport, in society etc

〔工作、课程、体育运动、社会等方面的〕成功

要知道，成功并不意味着一切。

He has already had a lot of success in his career.

他在事业上已经取得了很大的成功。

[be a success as a ...](bold)(=be successful in a particular job)

She wasn’t much of a success as a lawyer.

她当律师没干出什么大名堂。

She’s determined to [make a success of](bold)(=be successful in) her career.

她下决心要在事业上干出些成绩来。

the success of his latest business venture

他最近一个经营项目取得的成功

大获成功的人[事物]；成功的范例

The company has been a major success story.

该公司取得了巨大的成功。


successful

[successfully](bold) adv. eg: He successfully completed a master’s degree.

achieving what you wanted, or having the effect or result you intended

He applied for a visa three times and in the end he was successful.

having the effect or result that was wanted – used especially about treatments, drugs, or methods

The drug is effective against a range of diseases.

We still haven't found an effective way to solve the problem.

successful as a result of winning in a game, election, war etc

She emerged victorious in the second round of voting.

likely to be very successful in the future, used especially about someone who is good at a job, sport, art etc

He gave up a promising career in banking.

very successful – used about a company, industry, or organization that is doing well at a particular time

The area has a thriving tourist industry.

extremely successful – used about an economy, or when business or trade is increasing

成功的；如愿以偿的，达到目的的

a [highly successful](bold)(=very successful) meeting

Were you successful in persuading him to change his mind?

a successful business, film, product etc makes a lot of money

〔公司、影片、产品等〕成功的，利润丰厚的，非常赚钱的

这演出相当成功，已连演多场。

a [highly successful](bold)(=very successful) product

a successful person earns a lot of money or is very well known and respected

〔人〕有成就的，赚钱多的，出人头地的

Arthur was a [highly successful](bold)(=very successful) businessman.

阿瑟是个非常成功的商人。

他后来在政坛上取得了很大成就。

I think she’ll be successful as a photographer.

我认为她会成为一名成功的摄影师。


succession

happening one after the other without anything different happening in between

She won the championship four times in succession.

[in quick/rapid/close succession](bold)(=quickly one after the other)

a number of people or things of the same kind, following, coming, or happening one after the other

A succession of visitors came to the door.

the act of taking over an official job or position, or the right to be the next to take it

接替，继承，继任；继承权

If the prince dies, the succession passes to his son.

王子如果去世，就由他的儿子继承。


successive

The team has had five successive victories.

这支球队已经连胜五场了。

Successive governments have tried to deal with this issue.

历届政府都试图解决这个问题。