resolve

Action is being taken to resolve the problem.

Negotiation is the only way to resolve the dispute.

She and Rose had finally resolved their differences.

Some problems still hadn’t been satisfactorily resolved.

It is a row that may never be fully resolved.

We wanted to resolve the situation peacefully.

We will always do our best to resolve complaints amicably.

to find a satisfactory way of dealing with a problem or difficulty

[resolve a dispute/conflict/problem etc](bold)

The crisis was resolved by negotiations.

Barnet was desperate for money to resolve his financial problems.

巴尼特急需钱来解决他的经济问题。

to make a definite decision to do something

After the divorce she resolved never to marry again.

离婚以后，她决心永不再嫁。

Mary resolved that she would stop smoking.

to make a formal decision, especially by voting

〔尤指通过投票〕对 …作出决议

The Senate resolved to accept the president’s proposals.

参议院通过决议，同意总统的提案。

to separate something into its different parts

DNA samples were extracted and resolved.

提取了脱氧核糖核酸样本并进行了分解。


resolve

strong determination to succeed in doing something

Recent events [strengthened](bold) her [resolve](bold) to find out the truth.

最近发生的事件坚定了她找出真相的决心。


resort

There are plans to turn the town into a tourist resort.

We stayed in a relaxed beach resort on the east coast.

the popular lakeside resort of Lake Como

The lack of snow is causing problems for ski resorts.

We booked ourselves into a health resort for a weekend of pure indulgence.

The popular seaside resort of Brighton is 40 minutes away.

It is a lively resort with plenty of bars and cafés.

The hotel is right in the middle of this bustling resort.

They're only a five minute stroll away from the main resort centre with all its bars, restaurants and nightlife.

There are plans for a major resort hotel and golf course to be built.

(=a group of buildings, or a large building with many parts)

Club Hotel is part of a resort complex offering a range of facilities.

a place where a lot of people go for holidays

阿斯彭，科罗拉多的一处滑雪胜地

Lagoon Reef is one of the best resort hotels.

潟湖礁是最好的度假酒店之一。

what you will do if everything else fails

〔其他办法都失败后采用的〕最后的办法

Drug treatment should only be used as a last resort.

药物治疗只能作为最后的办法。

Economic sanctions will be used only in the last resort.

实在没有别的办法时，才会采取经济制裁。

what you will do first before you try other things

In the past, your family was the first resort when looking for a job.

过去找工作总是先找家人帮忙。

when you must use or depend on something because nothing better is available

诉诸某事物，求助于某事物

We hope they will be able to resolve the situation without resort to force.

我们希望他们不用诉诸武力就能处理这一情况。


resource

rɪˈzɔːs, -ˈsɔːs

We support the sustainable use of natural resources.

The country has few energy resources of its own.

Botswana expressed growing concern over its dwindling water resources.

(=one that replaces itself naturally, or is easily replaced)

We should reduce our use of non-renewable resources.

(=one which is limited in amount, so that it will no longer exist if people continue to use it)

High-quality agricultural land is a national resource.

Modern products use fewer natural resources.

He exploited the mineral resources which he found under his lands.

Several nations are eager to tap the mineral resources in Antarctica.

Do the police have the resources they need?

We cannot afford to waste our resources on fighting each other.

(=give them to a particular person, organization etc)

I spoke to the official who was in charge of allocating the funds.

(=put together the resources that each of you have)

They decided to pool their resources and buy a business together.

Lack of financial resources can result in homelessness.

Most people lack the material resources to be able to deal with periods of unemployment.

The aim was to make use of all available resources.

something such as useful land, or minerals such as oil or coal, that exists in a country and can be used to increase its wealth

a country rich in [natural resources](bold)

all the money, property, skills etc that you have available to use when you need them

Only [limited resources](bold) are available to the police.

警方可利用的资源很有限。

[pool your resources](bold)(=put together all the resources that each of you can provide)

personal qualities, such as courage and determination, that you need to deal with a difficult situation

〔对付困境所需的〕个人素质

He proved that he has considerable [inner resources](bold).

他已证明他有很好的内在素质。

something such as a book, film, or picture used by teachers or students to provide information

the ability to deal with practical problems


resource

rɪˈzɔːs, -ˈsɔːs

to provide money or other resources for something

The program wasn’t adequately resourced.


respect

Morris eventually won the respect of his fellow workers.

Lady Thatcher commanded huge respect from everyone she worked with.

Nurses deserve our respect and admiration.

Once a child knows you have lied, you will lose their respect.

Rex and Joe had great respect for his judgement.

I have the utmost respect for the prime minister.

Their relationship is based on mutual respect.

(=when you respect someone or something unwillingly)

Initially his idea was seen as far-fetched, but gradually it has received grudging respect and support.

We were taught to show respect for older people.

Everyone has a right to be treated with respect.

These kids have no respect for authority.

You get more respect if you dress smartly.

The islanders have a deep respect for the ocean.

They blame youth crime on unemployment and lack of respect for the law.

(=as a sign of respect, especially for someone who has just died)

Flags were flown at half mast as a mark of respect for the dead seamen.

a feeling of admiring someone or what they do, especially because of their personal qualities, knowledge, or skills

I have the greatest respect for Jane’s work.

我非常钦佩简的工作成绩。

the belief that something or someone is important and should not be harmed, treated rudely etc

Out of respect for the wishes of her family, the affair was not reported in the media.

基于对她家人意愿的尊重，媒体没有报道这件事。

The boys showed a complete [lack of respect](bold) for authority.

这些男孩子根本无视权威。

Your mother should be treated with respect.

with (the greatest) respect/with (all) due respect

say this before disagreeing with someone when you want to be polite

不是我不尊敬你〔用于礼貌地表示不同意见〕

恕我冒昧，我想您是错了。

a careful attitude towards something or someone that could be dangerous

My fear turned into a respect for the sea.

对于大海我从恐惧变成谨慎。

People should have a [healthy respect](bold) for alcohol (=a sensible careful attitude towards it).

人们对酒应抱有理智谨慎的态度。

used to say that something is true in one way, in some ways etc

In many respects the new version is not as good as the old one.

新版在许多方面不如旧版。

Mum is very stubborn, and Kim takes after her in that respect.

妈妈很固执，金在这方面像她。

[pay your respects (to sb)](bold) BrE(=make a polite visit)

I’ve come to pay my respects to Mrs O'Hara.

（向某人）告别，参加（某人的）丧礼

This is especially true in respect of the UK.

the freedom of a property owner to make a contract with respect to his property

业主就其产业缔结合同的自由

used to introduce a new subject, or to return to one that has already been mentioned

关于某事，谈到某事〔用于另起话题或回到之前的话题〕

With respect to your request, I am not yet able to agree.

至于你的要求，我还不能同意。


respect

to admire someone because they have high standards and good qualities such as fairness and honesty

I respect his views, although I do not agree with them.

我尊重他的观点，虽然我不敢苟同。

to be careful not to do anything against someone’s wishes, rights etc

尊重，顾及〔某人的意愿、权利等〕

She said she wanted to leave, and her father [respected](bold) her [wishes](bold).

她说她想离开，她父亲尊重她的意愿。

遵守，尊重〔规定或法律〕

The president is expected to respect the constitution.


respectable

[respectability](bold) /rɪˌspektəˈbɪləti/  n. <U>

someone who is respectable behaves in a way that is considered socially acceptable

〔人〕体面的，正派的，受人尊敬的

Put a tie on – it’ll make you look more respectable.

戴上领带——这样显得更体面。

Her exam results were respectable enough.


respectful

He was always respectful of my independence.


respective

used before a plural noun to refer to the different things that belong to each separate person or thing mentioned

各自的〔用于复数名词前〕

We all went back to our respective homes to wait for news.

我们都各自回家等待消息。

the respective roles of teachers and students

教师和学生各自不同的角色


respectively

in the same order as the things you have just mentioned

The cups and saucers cost £5 and £3 respectively.

茶杯和茶碟的价钱分别为5英镑和3英镑。


respond

to do something as a reaction to something that has been said or done

Responding to the news, Mr Watt appealed for calm.

面对这个消息，瓦特先生呼吁要保持冷静。

The US responded by sending troops into Laos.

美国的反应是派遣军队进入老挝。

Villagers responded with offers of help.

He responded that he didn’t want to see anyone.

Dave didn’t respond to any of her emails.

戴夫没有回过她任何一封电子邮件。

to improve as a result of a particular kind of treatment

〔对某种治疗〕有良好反应


response

The product met with a highly positive response from the public.

In Russia, the planned expansion provoked a negative response.

There has been an enthusiastic response to the introduction of soccer coaching for girls.

His comments sparked an angry response from opposition politicians.

(=when people like something or show interest)

We’ve had a good response from the public.

When he was sentenced, his immediate response was to appeal.

Her resignation was in direct response to the party’s poor results in the local elections.

She laughed, which didn't really seem an appropriate response.

The photograph provoked a strong response from many people.

When she died, the emotional response was extraordinary.

She got an enthusiastic response to her suggestion.

The proposal has received a positive response from most left-wing voters.

The change met with a mixed response from employees.

The report provoked a strong response from a number of senior politicians.

The appeal for aid brought a big response from the West.

something that is done as a reaction to something that has happened or been said

the public’s response to our appeal for help

公众对我们求助呼吁的反应

The law was passed in response to public pressure.

迫于公众压力，法律得以通过。

The exhibition has received a positive response from visitors.

The decision provoked an angry response from residents.

这个决定激起了居民的愤怒。

His [immediate response](bold) was one of disbelief.

Emmett’s new exhibition has [met with](bold) a favourable [response](bold) from critics.

埃米特的新展览得到评论家的好评。

something that is said or written as a reply

‘Sure, why not?’ was his response to all of Billie’s suggestions.

对于比利的任何建议，他的回答都是: “当然可以，为什么不呢？”

Carl [made](bold) no [response](bold), and carried on with his meal.

卡尔没有回答，继续吃饭。

I am writing in response to your letter of June 12.

6月12日来信收悉，答复如下。

龙尼只是哼了一声，算是回答。


responsibility

→ [diminished responsibility](->diminished responsibility)

The Council has responsibility for maintaining the streetlights.

Who do you trust to take responsibility for our country's defence?

(=start to have responsibility for something)

These days men tend to take on more responsibility at home.

The government must assume greater responsibility for the care of the elderly.

(=agree to start having a difficult or unpleasant duty)

The city, she said, would shoulder responsibility for caring for the children.

(=take action because you have responsibility for something)

The citizens of ancient Athens met here to exercise their responsibility to govern themselves.

(=refuse to have responsibility for something you used to have responsibility for)

The state should not allow parents to abdicate responsibility for their children.

Ultimate responsibility for admissions lies with the Course Co-ordinator.

So far, no one had taken personal responsibility for the project.

The Department of Education has overall responsibility for schools and universities.

He has direct responsibility for all the programmes on Radio 1.

The financial director has sole responsibility for financial matters.

Head teachers should encourage a sense of collective responsibility among teachers.

I have primary responsibility for the children.

(=responsibility for making a final decision)

The National Assembly will have ultimate responsibility for ensuring that health targets are met.

(=a lot of responsibility, that worries you)

Being the only wage earner put a great burden of responsibility on my father.

(=a job in which people depend on you to tell them what they should do)

Before the age of 21 he had attained a position of responsibility in the factory.

To his credit, he took responsibility for his actions.

(=say that you are responsible for something bad)

No group has yet claimed responsibility for the bombings.

The company denied responsibility for the oil spillage.

Developed countries must bear much of the responsibility for environmental problems.

The airline accepted full responsibility for the crash.

I take personal responsibility for what went wrong.

a duty to be in charge of someone or something, so that you make decisions and can be blamed if something bad happens

Kelly’s promotion means more money and more responsibility.

凯利获得提升，这意味着钱多了，责任也更大了。

The Minister has responsibility for the National Health Service.

该大臣负责国民卫生服务体系。

a manager with responsibility for over 100 staff

It’s your responsibility to inform us of any changes.

如有任何变动，你有责任通知我们。

blame for something bad that has happened

〔对不良事件所负的〕责任

The firm is [denying](bold) all [responsibility](bold).

那家公司表示所有的责任与己无关。

No one wants to [take responsibility](bold) for the problem.

没人愿意为那个问题承担责任。

The surgeon [accepted full responsibility ](bold) for the error that led to her death.

那名外科医生为导致她死亡的失误承担全责。

So far no one has [claimed responsibility ](bold)(=said that they are responsible) for the bombings.

至今无人声称对这些爆炸事件负责。

something that you must do as part of your job or duty

My responsibilities include answering the phone and dealing with customer enquiries.

我的职责包括接听电话和处理客户查询。

a single parent struggling to balance work and family responsibilities

努力兼顾工作和家庭责任的单身父母

something that you ought to do because it is morally or socially right

〔道德、社会〕责任，义务

We all [have a responsibility](bold) to protect the environment.

Parents need to encourage [a sense of responsibility](bold) in their children (=the ability to behave sensibly in a way that will not harm themselves or other people).

父母应鼓励自己的孩子要有责任感。

The company saw it as part of its social responsibility to provide education for its workers.

公司把向员工提供教育视为自己的一项社会责任。

a duty to help someone because of your work or position in society

A doctor’s first responsibility is to her patients.

to do something without being told to do it or officially allowed to do it


responsible

[Responsible](bold)  is always an adjective, never a noun: Who is responsible?
Don’t say: [Who is the responsible?](strike)

The [person/man/woman etc responsible](bold)  is the person who has done something, usually something bad: We will catch the person responsible.
Don’t say: [We will catch the responsible.](strike)  [We will catch the responsible person.](strike)

You say that someone is [responsible for](bold)  something: Who is responsible for this mess? Claire is responsible for marketing.
Don’t say: [be responsible of something](strike)

if someone is responsible for an accident, mistake, crime etc, it is their fault or they can be blamed

〔对事故、错误、罪行等〕负有责任的，应承担责任的

Police believe that the same man is responsible for three other murders in the area.

警方认为该地区其他三宗谋杀案也是此人所为。

If anything goes wrong, I will hold you [personally responsible](bold).

要是哪里有问题，我唯你是问。

[the person/people etc responsible](bold)

We are determined to bring the people responsible to justice.

我们决意要将肇事者绳之以法。

having a duty to be in charge of or to look after someone or something

Mills is responsible for a budget of over $5 million.

米尔斯负责五百多万美元的预算。

The airline is [legally responsible](bold) for the safety of its passengers.

航空公司对乘客的安全负有法律责任。

He is responsible for recruiting and training new staff.

他负责招募和培训新员工。

if something is responsible for a change, problem, event etc, it causes it

The floods were responsible for over a hundred deaths.

sensible and able to make good judgments, so that you can be trusted

有责任心的，可信赖的，可靠的

You can leave the children with Billy – he’s very responsible.

你可以把孩子交给比利，他非常可靠。

It’s time you started acting like a responsible adult.

你现在应该表现得像个有责任心的成年人了。

a job in which the ability to make good judgments and decisions is needed

if you are responsible to someone, that person is in charge of your work and you must explain what you have done to them

Cabinet members are [directly responsible](bold) to the president.

内阁成员直接向总统负责。


responsive

反应快的；灵敏的；积极的

a car with [highly responsive](bold) steering

We try to be responsive to the needs of the customer.

我们尽量积极满足顾客的需求。

Her condition is not responsive to drug therapy.

她的病药物治疗没有效果。

eager to communicate with people, and to react to them in a positive way

I tried to get him talking, but he wasn’t [very responsive](bold).

我试图让他谈谈，但他不是很愿意讲。


rest

→ [headrest](->headrest) → [footrest](->footrest) → [backrest](->backrest) [and the rest is history](bold) at → [history](->history) sense 10

You’d better get some rest if you’re driving back tonight.

I think we deserve a rest after all that hard work.

Our players are taking a well-earned rest before the start of the new season.

The doctor had advised a complete rest for a fortnight.

He decided to stop and take a short rest.

The crew had a three hour rest period before their next flight.

a period of time when you are not doing anything tiring and you can relax or sleep

You look exhausted! Why don’t you take a rest?

你看上去累坏了！为什么不休息一下呢？

what is left after everything or everyone else has gone or been used, dealt with, or mentioned

剩余部分；余下的人[物]

You carry these two bags, and I’ll bring the rest.

你拿这两个包，剩下的我来拿。

Two of the attackers were killed, and the rest escaped.

有两名袭击者被杀死，其余的逃掉了。

Does anyone want the rest of this pizza?

He’ll be in a wheelchair for [the rest of his life](bold).

他的余生都将在轮椅上度过。

You use a singular verb after [the rest](bold)  when referring to an uncountable noun: The rest of the money [is](bold) for you. I’ve eaten some cheese – the rest [is](bold) in the fridge.

You use a plural verb after [the rest](bold)  when referring to a group of people or things: Two of the terrorists were captured and the rest [were](bold) killed.

to make someone feel less anxious or worried

Why don’t you talk to him, and put his mind at rest.

你为什么不和他谈谈，好让他放心呢？

The aircraft skidded across the runway and finally came to rest in a cornfield.

飞机滑过跑道，最后在玉米地里停了下来。

if your eyes come to rest on something, you stop looking around and look at that one thing

My eyes came to rest on a photograph of a young man.

我的目光停留在一个年轻人的照片上。

used to tell someone to stop talking about something because they are annoying you

安静一下〔用于因受到烦扰而叫对方停止说话〕

我把演出工作暂停了一段时间。

an expression meaning dead, and free from pain and problems

used at the end of a short list to mean other things of a similar type

I was paying the rent and the bills and all the rest of it.

used to emphasize in a humorous way that a number or amount is really much higher than someone thinks

不止吧，何止〔幽默用法〕

‘I’d say she’s about 40.’ ‘Yeah, and the rest!’

“我说她40岁左右。” “噢，不止吧！”

to stop people from worrying about or believing something

The minister resigned, and the government hoped that the scandal would finally be laid to rest.

an expression meaning to bury someone, used when you want to avoid saying this directly

She was laid to rest beside her husband.

a period of silence of a particular length in a piece of music

a written sign that shows how long the period of silence should be


rest

to stop working or stop being active, and sit down or lie down so that you become less tired

If you’re tired, we’ll stop and rest for a while.

The doctor told me to take some time off work and try to rest.

to stop what you are doing for a period of time so that you can relax

Murray will now take a rest before the competition next month.

There was a TV in the hotel room, and sometimes I escaped up there to have a rest.

A spokesman said that the Senator needed to take a rest from the campaign activity.

to stop what you are doing for a short time, so that you can rest or do something else – often used about stopping a meeting, class etc for a short time

Is it all right if we have a short break at about 10:30?

I spoke to the actor as he was taking a break from rehearsals.

to do things gently and with less effort than usual, in order to avoid becoming worried or tired, especially because you are not feeling strong or healthy

After the operation, she decided to take things easy for a month or two.

to rest for a short time after a tiring activity, especially by sitting with your feet resting on something

Kate poured herself a drink and put her feet up.

When you’re pregnant and doing a full-time job, you must find time to put your feet up.

to spend time relaxing and doing things that do not need a lot of effort – used by young people

We chilled out in front of the TV with a couple of beers.

I like chilling with the guys and playing pool or watching movies.

to stop working or doing an activity for a time and sit down or lie down to relax

to support an object or part of your body by putting it on or against something, or to be supported in this way

Brassard rested his elbows on the table and leaned forward.

布拉萨德把胳膊肘支在桌子上，身体前倾。

Their bikes were resting against the wall.

to stop using a part of your body because it is feeling sore or tired

to stop discussing or dealing with something

让事情结束〔指不再讨论或处理〕

The man apologized, but Aunt Matilda refused to let the matter rest.

那个男人道歉了，但玛蒂尔达姑妈却不肯就此罢休。

used to tell someone not to worry, because what you say about a situation is true

尽管放心〔表示叙述的事属实〕

You may rest assured that it will be ready on time.

你放心，到时候会准备好的。

if you will not rest until something happens, you will not be satisfied until it happens

We will not rest until the murderer is found.

找不到凶手我们决不罢休。

if a dead person rests somewhere, they are buried there

My mother rests beside my father in the family graveyard.

我母亲长眠在家族墓地里我父亲的身边。

[sb’s last/final resting place](bold)(=the place where someone is buried)

[rest in peace](bold)(=often written on a grave)

to be satisfied with what you have done, so that you do not make any further effort

满足于既得的成就，安于小成，不再求上进

used by a lawyer when they have finished trying to prove something in a court of law

本人举证完毕，本人停止举证〔律师出庭用语〕

used when something happens or is said which proves that you were right – used humorously

我不用多说了，还用我多说吗〔幽默用法，表示发生的事或所说的话证明自己是正确的〕

I can rest easy, knowing everything’s under control.

知道一切都在掌控之中，我就放心了。


restaurant

a place where you can get coffee and other non-alcoholic drinks, cakes, and small meals

one where you can get meals such as hamburgers, french fries etc

a restaurant where you can eat cheap and simple food

a small restaurant or bar, especially one serving French-style food

a place at work or school where you can collect and eat meals

We went to a restaurant in the King’s Road.

He’s taking me to a Japanese restaurant in town.

Have you eaten in this restaurant before?

The restaurant serves lunch from midday until two thirty.

Restaurants near the waterfront tend to specialize in seafood.

We booked a table at our local Italian restaurant.

(=where food that can be prepared quickly is served or available to take away)

The High Street is full of fast-food restaurants.

I went to a seafood restaurant by the pier for lunch.

He took her out to an expensive restaurant.

(=one that is influenced by the most fashionable styles and ideas)

The hotel is surrounded by elegant boutiques and trendy restaurants.

In some fancy restaurants, the chefs decorate the salads with flowers.

They all earn huge salaries and eat at posh restaurants.

It's interesting that rabbit has become so popular at upscale restaurants.

(=one that is owned or managed by the same company or person)

Café Rouge is part of a large restaurant chain.

He worked as a restaurant manager at Mario's Pizzas for 10 years.

There is a choice of bar snacks or restaurant meals.

a place where you can buy and eat a meal

We went to a little Italian restaurant near Leicester Square.

我们去了莱斯特广场附近的一家意大利小饭馆。

He took her out for a five-course dinner in a fancy restaurant.

他带她到一家豪华餐厅吃了一顿有五道菜的晚餐。

The company runs a chain of restaurants.

A new restaurant has just opened across the road.

马路对面刚开了一家新饭馆。


restless

unwilling to keep still or stay where you are, especially because you are nervous or bored

〔尤指因紧张或厌烦而〕不安宁的，烦躁的，不耐烦的

The children had been indoors all day, and were getting restless.

孩子们在屋里待了一整天，开始不耐烦了。

unwilling to stay in one place, and always wanting new experiences

After a few weeks in Marseille, I grew restless and decided to move on.

在马赛住了几星期后，我开始待不住了，决定换个地方。

a night during which you cannot sleep or rest


restoration

when you repair something such as an old building or a piece of furniture, so that it looks the same as when it was first built or made

〔旧建筑或旧家具等的〕修复，整修

a fund for the restoration of historic buildings

Major [restoration work](bold) will begin in May.

大规模的修复工作将在5月开始。

the act of bringing back a law, tax, or system of government

〔法律、税收、政体的〕重新采用，恢复

They’re fighting for the restoration of democratic rights.

the restoration of the monarchy in Spain

the return of Charles II as king of England in 1660, and the period afterwards

王政复辟（时期）〔1660年英格兰国王查理二世复辟及其后的一段时期〕

[Restoration comedy/drama](bold)(=plays written during this time in England)

the act of officially giving something back to its former owner

an attempt to secure the restoration of their lands

争取使他们的土地物归原主的努力


restore

to make something return to its former state or condition

The government promises to restore the economy to full strength.

政府承诺使经济完全复苏。

She was hoping that the Mediterranean climate would restore her to full health.

她希望地中海的气候能使她的身体完全复原。

The National Guard was called in to [restore order](bold)(=make people stop fighting and breaking the law) when riots broke out.

暴乱爆发后，国民警卫队被调来恢复秩序。

initiatives to [restore peace](bold) in the Middle East

[restore (diplomatic) relations with sb](bold)

Vietnam restored diplomatic relations with South Korea on December 22.

[restore sb’s sight/hearing](bold)(=make someone who cannot hear or who is blind, hear or see again)

to bring back a positive feeling that a person or a group of people felt before

measures aimed at [restoring](bold) public [confidence](bold) in the education system

旨在恢复公众对教育体制信心的措施

a man whose kindness and sincerity really restored my faith in human nature (=helped me to believe that people can be good)

一个以善良和真诚大大恢复了我对人性的信心的男人

to repair an old building, piece of furniture, or painting etc so that it is in its original condition

修复〔旧建筑、旧家具或旧画等〕

The church was carefully restored after the war.

战后教堂得到了精心修复。

a Victorian fireplace [restored to its former glory](bold)

恢复了昔日华美的维多利亚时代的壁炉

to give back to someone something that was lost or taken from them

In everyday English, people usually say that someone [gives](bold)  something [back](bold)  to its former owner, rather than [restores](bold)  it:

The treaty [gave](bold) Okinawa [back](bold) to Japan.

恢复，重新采用〔法律、税收、权利等〕

make someone king, queen, or president again, after a period when they have not been in power

使某人重新掌权/恢复王位


restrain

to stop someone from doing something, often by using physical force

〔常指用武力〕阻止，制止，抑制

I had to restrain her from running out into the street.

我只得阻止她跑到街上去。

He had to be restrained from using violence.

to control your own emotions or behaviour

克制，控制，忍住〔情绪或行为〕

Renwick restrained a feeling of annoyance.

伦威克忍住了不悦的情绪。

restrain yourself (from doing something)

She could barely restrain herself from hitting him.

她差点就忍不住要去打他。

to control or limit something that is increasing too much

抑制，控制〔增长太多的东西〕

Price rises should restrain consumer spending.

价格上涨会抑制消费者支出。


restraint

calm sensible controlled behaviour, especially in a situation when it is difficult to stay calm

The police were praised for their restraint in handling the demonstrators.

警方因对待示威者时所表现出的克制而受到赞扬。

He urged the millions of protesters to exercise restraint.

他呼吁数百万抗议者保持克制。

a rule or principle that limits what people can do

Opposition politicians have called for restraints on public spending.

反对党政治家呼吁控制公共开支。

The government has [imposed restraints](bold) on corporate mergers.

政府对公司合并实行了限制。

physical force that is used to hold someone back, especially because they are likely to be violent

〔尤指对狂暴的人实行的〕约束，管制，管束

Sometimes police officers have to use physical restraint to control dangerous prisoners.

有时警察不得不采取人身约束来控制危险的囚犯。

something that prevents someone from moving freely, such as a rope or a seat belt

安全装置〔如绳索、安全带等〕


restrict

to limit or control the size, amount, or range of something

限制，控制〔大小、数量或范围〕

The new law restricts the sale of hand guns.

You may need to restrict access to certain files (=limit the number of people who can read them).

某些档案可能需要限制查阅。

The agreement will restrict competition.

In future we will restrict class sizes to 20 students.

以后我们会把班级规模限定在20人。

约束，限制〔行动或活动〕

The cramped living conditions severely restricted the children’s freedom to play.

拥挤的居住条件严重限制了孩子们玩耍的自由。

to allow yourself to have or do only a particular thing or amount of something

I’m restricting myself to two cigarettes a day.

我在限制自己每天只抽两支烟。


restricted

small or limited in size, area, or amount

It’s difficult trying to work in such a restricted space.

要在这么狭窄的空间里工作很困难。

limited or controlled, especially by laws or rules

〔尤指在法律或规则上〕受限制的，受约束的

The sale of alcohol is restricted to people over the age of 18.

只准售酒给18岁以上的人。

There is restricted access to this information (=only certain people can have it).

能接触此信息的人员有限。

limited in your movements or in what you are able to do

〔活动、能做的事〕有限的，受限制的

The accident left her with restricted movement in her right leg.

事故造成她右腿行动不便。

In those days women led very restricted lives.

那个时候，妇女的生活受到很大的限制。

a restricted area, document, or information can only be seen or used by a particular group of people because it is secret or dangerous

〔地区、文件或信息〕限某一类人使用[传阅]的

No Entry – [restricted area](bold) for army personnel only.

限制区——非军事人员不得入内。

to only affect a limited area, group etc

The damage is restricted to the left side of the brain.

Eligibility for five weeks’ holiday is restricted to senior management.

只有高级管理人员才有资格享受五周假期。


restriction

The authorities placed strict restrictions on diamond exports.

Some countries have imposed restrictions on advertising aimed at children.

Nine other states now plan to introduce similar restrictions.

He promised to lift restrictions on press freedom.

The government recently tightened restrictions on police use of firearms.

There are restrictions on travel to Cuba by American citizens.

These travel restrictions don’t apply to tourists.

The regime had put severe restrictions upon the media.

He called for tougher restrictions on contributions to political parties.

(=that seem unreasonable and unnecessary)

The removal of petty restrictions has made it much easier to do business.

Drivers are ignoring speed restrictions.

Employers can no longer place age restrictions on applicants.

(=on the sale of goods between countries)

Trade restrictions between the islands were removed.

Import restrictions on manufactured goods have been lifted.

The Home Secretary placed travel restrictions on supporters with convictions for violence.

(=legal restrictions on what buildings can be built somewhere)

There are government proposals to relax planning restrictions on green belt areas around cities.

Are there parking restrictions in the city centre?

a rule or law that limits or controls what people can do

[impose/place restrictions on sth](bold)

The law imposed new financial restrictions on private companies.

该法规对私营公司实施新的金融限制。

tougher restrictions on alcohol advertising

when you restrict the size, amount, or range of something

〔对大小、数量或范围的〕限制


restrictive

something that is restrictive stops people doing what they want to do

限制（性）的，约束（性）的

Many members thought the rules were too restrictive.

很多会员认为这些规定限制得过于严苛。

a restrictive policy on admission to the college


restructure

[restructuring](bold) n. <C,U> eg: the [major restructuring](bold) of our armed forces

to change the way in which something such as a government, business, or system is organized

proposals to [radically restructure](bold) Britain’s electronics industry

彻底整顿英国电子行业的提议


result

something that happens because of something else

The fire at the house was the result of a dropped cigarette.

Many people find that herbal remedies produce a good result.

something important that happens as the result of a decision or action

Global warming will have serious consequences for the environment.

Rising prices are the inevitable consequence of the grain shortage.

the bad effects that happen later as a result of an event, often a long time afterwards

The economic crisis in the US is likely to have serious repercussions for the rest of the world.

The scandal could have major repercussions for his career.

the final result of a meeting, election, war etc

The final outcome of the election remained in doubt for several days.

So, what is the likely outcome for Spain?

the final result of a situation, especially when this was unexpected

The upshot of all this was that the trial had to be delayed.

the things that have been achieved as a result of someone’s efforts – used especially in the following phrases

He did not live to see the fruits of his labours.

They can now enjoy the fruits of their success.

The closure of the hospital is a direct result of Government reforms.

Some job losses were the indirect result of cheap imports.

The end result will be well worth the effort.

The net result of fewer officers on the street was rising crime.

Keep trying even if your first enquiry produces no immediate result.

Weight loss is an inevitable result of the disease.

These severe measures did not always produce the desired results.

The charity has seen positive results from health care and farming projects.

The parachute failed to open properly, with disastrous results.

You can achieve the same result by simply clicking on the menu.

A different approach might produce some interesting results.

The campaign did have some positive results.

something that happens or exists because of something that happened before

Accidents are the inevitable result of driving too fast.

开车过快的必然后果就是车祸。

High unemployment is a [direct result](bold) of the recession.

高失业率是经济衰退的直接后果。

[end/final/net result](bold)(=the result at the end of a long process)

The net result of all these changes is that schools should be able to deliver a better service to pupils.

所有这些改革的最终结果就是学校应该能给学生提供更好的服务。

Growing plants from seed can [produce](bold) disappointing [results](bold).

将种子培育成植株，有时会产生令人失望的结果。

With a little effort you should [achieve](bold) the desired [result](bold).

只要稍作努力，你就可以取得预期的效果。

As a result of the pilots’ strike, all flights have had to be cancelled.

由于飞行员罢工，所有航班都被迫取消。

Sara wasn’t at school last week, with the result that she missed an important test.

萨拉上星期没上学，结果错过了一次重要测验。

the final number of points, votes etc at the end of a competition, game, or election

〔比赛的〕成绩，比分；〔选举的〕结果

The results will be announced at midnight.

A lot depends on the result of this match.

许多事情都取决于这场比赛的结果。

the answers that are produced by a scientific study or test

〔科学研究或试验的〕结果

→see THESAURUS at [conclusion](->conclusion)

Results suggest that diet is very important.

研究结果显示膳食十分重要。

Police are awaiting the results of a forensic examination.

警方在等待法医的鉴定结果。

The experiments gave positive results in all cases.

When do we get our [exam results](bold)?

我们什么时候能知道考试成绩？

She certainly knows how to [get results](bold).

她无疑知道如何达到目的。

[For best results](bold), always use fresh ingredients when you are cooking.

要想做出最美味的菜肴，用料一定要新鲜。

the accounts of a business that show how successful it has been over a period of time, usually a year

British Airways has announced disappointing results for the first half of the year.

英国航空公司公布了上半年令人失望的业绩。

They were lucky to get a result on Saturday.

他们很幸运，星期六的比赛打赢了。


result

if something results from something else, it is caused by it

〔因 …〕产生，发生；〔由 …而〕造成

We are still dealing with problems resulting from errors made in the past.

我们还在处理过去的失误所造成的问题。

How would you cope with unemployment and the resulting loss of income?

你会如何应付失业及由此造成的收入损失？


result

said when you have just done something successfully


resume

to start doing something again after stopping or being interrupted

She hopes to resume work after the baby is born.

她想生完孩子后继续工作。

The rebels have resumed hostilities against government troops.

叛乱分子继续与政府军发生冲突。

He will resume training as soon as the injury is better.

一旦伤势好转，他就会继续训练。

if an activity or process resumes, it starts again after a pause

〔活动或过程中断后〕重新开始

to go back to the seat, place, or position where you were before

回到原来的座位/原地/原来的职位

Will the delegates please resume their seats?

请代表们回到座位上好吗？


resume

a short account of something such as an article or speech which gives the main points but no details

〔文章、讲话等的〕梗概，摘要

a short written account of your education and your previous jobs that you send to an employer when you are looking for a new job


retail

the sale of goods in shops to customers, for their own use and not for selling to anyone else

a manager with twenty years’ experience in the retail business

一个在零售业有20年经验的经理

We are looking for more retail outlets for our products.

我们在为产品寻找更多的零售店。

The [retail value](bold) would be around $500.

零售价在500美元左右。

[Retail sales](bold) fell by 1.3% in January.

1月份零售额下降了1.3%。


retail

to be sold for a particular price in a shop

这种葡萄酒每瓶的零售价为6.95英镑。

The decoder is expected to retail for under $300.

这种解码器的零售价预计在300美元以下。

Their products are retailed all over Britain.

他们的产品在英国各地都有零售。


retail

to give other people private information about someone or something


retail

if you buy or sell something retail, you buy or sell it in a shop

We only deal with wholesalers – we don’t sell any of our goods retail.

我们只和批发商打交道，不做零售。


retailer

a person or business that sells goods to customers in a shop


retain

to keep something or continue to have something

You have the right to retain possession of the goods.

The state wants to retain control of food imports.

政府想保留对食品进口的控制权。

In everyday English, people usually say [keep](bold)  rather than [retain](bold) :

to store or keep something inside something else

A lot of information can be retained in your computer.

I find it very difficult to retain facts.

我觉得具体事实很难记住。

if you retain a lawyer or other specialist, you pay them to work for you now and in the future

He has retained a lawyer to challenge the court’s decision.

他聘请了一名律师质疑法庭的判决。

We had to pay a [retaining fee](bold)(=an amount of money to keep someone working for you).

if a company retains workers, it continues to employ them for a long time

It’s increasingly difficult to recruit and retain good staff.

招聘和留住优秀员工越来越难。


retention

The UN will vote on the retention of sanctions against Iraq.

联合国将投票决定是否继续制裁伊拉克。

the ability or tendency of something to hold liquid, heat etc within itself

〔液体的〕潴留；〔热量等的〕滞留

Many people with heart problems suffer from fluid retention.

很多有心脏病的人都有体液潴留。

the ability to keep something in your memory

I have a real problem with retention of information.


retire

to stop working, usually because you have reached a certain age

He was forced to [retire early](bold) because of poor health.

他因为身体不好被迫提前退休。

I retired from teaching three years ago.

我三年前从教学岗位上退休。

her decision to retire from her position as librarian of the law society

她从法律协会图书管理员职位上退下来的决定

Her drink problem has forced her to [retire from public life](bold).

她的酗酒问题迫使她退出公众生活。

他去年从全科医生的职位上退休。

to ask someone to stop doing their job, usually because of ill health

[Retire](bold)  is usually passive when used as a transitive verb.

退出，离开〔去安静的地方〕

我躲进自己的房间去思考。

when a jury in a law court retires, they go away to consider whether someone is guilty or not

to stop competing in a game or race because you are losing or injured

〔因落后或受伤〕退出比赛

He had to retire with a neck injury in the second half.

下半场他因颈部受伤只得退出比赛。

to move back from a battle after being defeated


retired

having stopped working, usually because of your age


retirement

People approaching retirement need to consider the issue of money.

He took early retirement in 1990 after 25 years at IBM.

Shortly after his defeat he announced his retirement from politics.

Staff are being asked to consider early retirement.

Injury forced him into premature retirement.

Sixty-five was the normal retirement age for men.

(=in Britain, money provided through the state pension scheme)

Part-time workers at the company do, however, get health and retirement benefits.

when you stop working, usually because of your age

He became a keen golfer after his retirement from politics.

他退出政坛后，迷上了打高尔夫球。

He announced his retirement as chief executive of the company.

他宣布从公司总裁的职位上退休。

She [took early retirement](bold)(=retired at an earlier age than usual) last year.

Dad’s approaching [retirement age](bold).

I hope you enjoy a long and happy retirement.

我希望你好好享受悠长幸福的退休生活。

Will you be able to support yourself in retirement?


retort

to reply quickly, in an angry or humorous way

〔愤怒或幽默地〕反驳，回嘴

“那都是你的错！”他反驳道。


retort

〔简短而愤怒或幽默的〕反驳，回嘴

He was about to make a [sharp retort](bold).

a bottle with a long narrow bent neck, used for heating chemicals


retreat

to move away from the enemy after being defeated in battle

They were attacked and forced to retreat.

他们受到攻击，被迫撤退。

He saw her and retreated, too shy to speak to her.

他看到她就躲开了，不好意思跟她讲话。

Perry lit the fuse and retreated to a safe distance.

佩里点燃导火线，退至安全距离。

It was not a conscious choice to retreat from public life.

退出公众生活并非有意为之。

if an area of water, snow, or land retreats, it gradually gets smaller

〔水、雪或土地〕范围缩小

to decide not to do something you were planning to do, because it was unpopular or too difficult

The Canadian government has retreated from a plan to kill 300 wolves.

加拿大政府取消了要杀死300头狼的计划。

to go away to a place that is quiet or safe

After the noise of the city he was glad to retreat to his hotel room.

经历了城市的喧嚣，他乐得躲进酒店的客房里。

retreat into yourself/your shell/fantasy etc

to ignore what is happening around you and give all your attention to your private thoughts

if shares etc retreat, their value falls to a lower level


retreat

a movement away from the enemy after a defeat in battle

The rebel forces are [in full retreat](bold)(=retreating very fast).

The bugler sounded the retreat (=gave a loud signal for retreat).

a movement away from someone or something

Ten thousand years ago the ice began its retreat from Scotland.

一万年以前冰开始从苏格兰消退。

I saw my aunt coming and [beat a hasty retreat](bold).

我看到我姨妈来了，便赶快离开。

when you change your mind about something because your idea was unpopular or too difficult

a place you can go to that is quiet or safe

a period of time that you spend praying or studying religion in a quiet place

I spent three weeks on retreat in Scotland.

我在苏格兰静修了三个星期。

a situation in which the value of shares etc falls to a lower level


retrieve

It took four days to retrieve all the bodies from the crash.

花了四天时间才找回所有遇难者的尸体。

to get back information that has been stored in the memory of a computer

检索〔储存于计算机的信息〕

The new version of the software automatically retrieves digital information.

新版软件会自动检索数字信息。

to make a situation satisfactory again after there has been a serious mistake or problem

The general made one last desperate effort to retrieve the situation.

将军为挽回局面而孤注一掷。


return

You [return to](bold)  a place: The writer returned to his home town many years later. Hardy returned to his house in the country.
Don’t say: [The writer returned his home town.](strike)  [Hardy returned his house.](strike)

You [return home](bold) : When she returned home that night, there was a letter for her.
Don’t say: [when she returned to home](strike)

to go back or come back to a place where you were before. [Return](bold) sounds more formal than [go back ](bold) or [come back](bold), and is more commonly used in written English

She returned to the hotel hoping to find a message.

Alastair returned from the office late that night.

On Friday, I returned home around six o'clock.

to go to the place where you were before, or to the place where you usually live

It’s cold out here – shall we go back inside?

to go to your home again, or to the country where you were born, after you have been away from it

I did a bit of shopping and then went home.

Are you going home to Hong Kong when the course finishes?

to come to the place where you are again, after going away from it

I’ll be away for two days – coming back on Thursday night.

He’s just come back from a vacation in Miami.

to arrive somewhere where you were before, especially your home or the place where you are staying

She couldn’t wait to get back to London.

to turn around and go back in the direction you came from

We took the wrong road and had to turn back.

He ordered the soldiers to turn back and march south.

I left a message but he hasn't returned my call.

She kept her eyes fixed on the floor, refusing to return his gaze.

Thanks a lot. I hope I'll be able to return the favour.

One plane opened fire on the American aircraft, which immediately returned fire.

to go or come back to a place where you were before

It was forty five minutes before she returned.

I have just returned from five months in Zimbabwe.

我在津巴布韦待了五个月，刚刚回来。

He left his country, [never to return](bold).

他离开了祖国，一去不复返。

In everyday English, people usually say [come back](bold)  (=return to the place where the speaker is) or [go back](bold)  (=return to a different place from where the speaker is), rather than [return](bold) :

It was forty five minutes before she [came back](bold).

Are you planning to [go back](bold) to Spain?

to give or send something back, or to put something back in its place

归还，退还；把 …放回原处

Carson returned the notebook to his pocket.

I returned the books to the library unread.

这些书我没看就还给了图书馆。

Please complete the enclosed application form and return it in the envelope attached.

请填好随信所附的申请表并用所附信封寄回。

In everyday English, people usually say that they [take](bold)  something [back](bold) , [put](bold)  it [back](bold) , or [bring](bold)  it [back](bold) , rather than [return](bold)  it:

He [put](bold) the key [back](bold) in his pocket.

Did you [take](bold) the books [back](bold) to the library?

if a feeling, situation etc returns, it starts to exist or happen again

If the pain returns, take two of the tablets with some water.

如果疼痛再次出现，就用水吞服两片药。

戴维感觉自己的怒气又上来了。

when peace finally returns to this country

当这个国家终于恢复和平时

In everyday English, people usually say that a feeling [comes back](bold)  rather than [returns](bold) :

I’m worried that the pain will [come back](bold).

to do something to someone because they have done the same thing to you

He smiled at her warmly and she returned his smile.

他朝她热情地笑着，她也回报以热情的微笑。

I phoned him twice on Friday and left messages, but he never [returned](bold) my [call](bold)(=he didn’t phone me).

我星期五给他打了两次电话，还留了言，但他根本没有给我回电话。

Thanks very much. I’ll [return the favour](bold)(=do something to help you) some day.

非常感谢，总有一天我会报答你的。

The police did not [return fire](bold)(=shoot back at someone who shot at them).

“是的。”他回答道，“我是个幸运的人。”

to hit the ball back to your opponent in a game such as tennis

〔网球等比赛中〕回击，击回

to elect someone to a political position, especially to represent you in parliament

选举，推选〔尤指议会议员〕

Yeo was returned to Parliament with an increased majority.

约以更大的票数优势当选议会议员。

At the election, she was returned as MP for Brighton.

在这次选举中，她当选为代表布赖顿市的下议院议员。

[Return](bold)  is usually passive in this meaning.

when a jury return their verdict, they say whether someone is guilty or not

The group returned increased profits last year.

该集团去年获得了更高的利润。


return

[the point of no return](bold) at → [point](->point) 1 sense 10

the act of returning from somewhere, or your arrival back in a place

We’re all looking forward to your return!

I need to know the date of her return from Europe.

我需要知道她从欧洲回来的日期。

Malcolm decided to delay his return to York.

马尔科姆决定推迟返回约克的时间。

On his return from Canada, he joined the army.

他从加拿大回来就参军了。

the act of giving, putting, or sending something back

A mother is appealing for the safe return of her baby son.

一位母亲在恳求把她的男婴安全送还。

Police have arranged for the return of the stolen goods.

警察已经安排好赃物的归还工作。

a change back to a previous state or situation

〔原来状态的〕恢复，回复

The United States called for a return to democracy.

when someone starts an activity again after they had stopped

Rose’s return to the teaching profession

Jean is well enough now to consider her [return to work](bold).

琼现在身体好多了，可以考虑回去上班。

the amount of profit that you get from something

The markets are showing extremely poor returns.

How can you get the best return on your investment?

你如何让你的投资得到最大的回报？

The average [rates of return](bold) were 15%.

作为（某事物的）报酬；作为（某事物的）回报

He is always helping people without expecting anything in return.

他一直在不求任何回报地帮助他人。

We offer an excellent all-round education to our students. In return, we expect students to work hard.

我们向学生提供优质全面的教育，同时也希望学生努力学习。

Liz agreed to look after the baby in return for a free room.

利兹同意照看婴儿，条件是要有一间免费房间。

the key that you press on a computer at the end of an instruction or to move to a new line

键入文档名，然后按回车键。

a ticket for a journey from one place to another and back again

请给我来一张到伦敦的往返票。

when a feeling, situation etc starts to exist or happen again

她感觉原来的那种焦虑又回来了。

David had noticed the return of worrying symptoms in the last few days.

最近几天戴维注意到令人担心的症状又出现了。

a statement giving written information in reply to official questions

对1851年人口普查报告的分析

What are the returns from last night’s voting?

if you reply to a letter by return, you send your reply almost immediately


return

used or paid for a journey from one place to another and back again


reunion

a social meeting of people who have not met for a long time, especially people who were at school or college together

〔尤指同学久别后的〕聚会，重聚联欢会

when people are brought together again after a period of being separated

Joseph’s eventual reunion with his brother

约瑟夫和他弟弟的最终团聚


reveal

to let someone know about something that is secret or has not been known until now

Doctors are not allowed to reveal confidential information.

It was revealed that he had smoked marijuana at college.

to talk about something to someone, so that they know about it

to publicly reveal something such as a fact or a name that has been kept secret

The terms of the agreement have not yet been disclosed.

The agent did not disclose that there had been a violent crime in the house.

to reveal important or personal information which was previously secret or unknown

The bank has refused to divulge its plans.

I’m afraid I cannot divulge what was said to me.

to tell people about important information, especially after it has been kept secret

Apparently they were engaged for some time before making it public.

The government has agreed that sources of financing should in future be made public.

to deliberately give secret information to a newspaper, television company etc, when a government or other organization wants to keep it secret

The contents of the email were leaked to the press.

A man was charged today with leaking official secrets.

to tell someone something that you want to keep secret

He was careful not to give away any trade secrets.

I’m not going to give away how much I paid for it!

to accidentally tell someone about something

He let slip that he was envious of his older brother.

to make known something that was previously secret or unknown

He may be prosecuted for revealing secrets about the security agency.

他可能因泄露安全部门的机密而被起诉。

a test that can reveal a teacher’s hidden skills

能够展现老师潜在技能的测试

He revealed that he had been in prison twice before.

The violinist revealed himself as a talented interpreter of classical music.

那位小提琴手显示了演绎古典音乐的卓越才能。

to show something that was previously hidden

The curtain opened to reveal the grand prize.

大幕拉开，大奖展现在眼前。


reveal

the time, especially on a television programme, when something that was previously secret or unknown is shown or made known, or when a changed person or thing is shown

〔尤指电视节目的〕揭秘时刻

After the garden makeover, it was time to bring the owners back for the big reveal.

园子改造完毕，该把主人们请回来上演大揭秘了。


revelation

ˌrevəˈleɪʃən

ˌrevəˈleɪʃən

[revelatory](bold) /ˌrevəˈleɪt/ US /ˈrev/  adj. eg: His playing has many moments of revelatory insights.

a surprising fact about someone or something that was previously secret and is now made known

被揭露的真相，被曝光的内幕

He resigned after revelations about his affair.

[startling revelations](bold) about his background

被揭露出来的有关他背景的惊人真相

revelations that two senior officers had lied in court

两名高官被曝在法庭上说谎的事实

the act of suddenly making known a surprising fact that had previously been secret

the revelation of previously unknown facts

之前不为人知的事实的披露

something that is surprisingly good, enjoyable, or useful

出乎意料的好东西[乐趣，用处]

Alice Walker’s novel was a real revelation to me.

艾丽斯·沃克的小说真使我大开眼界。

an event, experience etc that is considered to be a message from God

启示，神启，天启〔宗教概念〕


revenge

He dreamed of taking revenge on his father’s killers.

Louise eventually got her revenge by reporting him to the immigration service.

They play two women who seek revenge on their former partners.

You broke her heart and now she wants revenge.

His supporters vowed revenge for his death.

Caesar returned to Rome to exact a terrible revenge.

The camp was burned down, apparently in a revenge attack.

Her death was followed by a series of revenge killings.

The men were shot dead in an act of revenge for Khan’s assassination.

(=said when someone feels good because they have got revenge)

It took me a long time, but revenge is sweet.

something you do in order to punish someone who has harmed or offended you

At his wife’s funeral, he vowed revenge against her killer.

在妻子的葬礼上，他发誓要报复杀害她的凶手。

a bomb attack in revenge for the imprisonment of the terrorists

为报复恐怖分子被囚禁而发动的炸弹袭击

the defeat of someone who has previously defeated you in a sport

雪耻〔指在比赛中战胜曾击败自己的对手〕

The Australians [took revenge](bold) for their defeat here last time.

澳大利亚队报了上次在这里被击败的一箭之仇。


revenge

to punish someone who has done something to harm you or someone else

The terrorist group is still looking to revenge itself on its attackers.

恐怖组织仍在寻找时机报复攻击者。

The poor murdered girl must be revenged.

一定要为被害的可怜女孩报仇。


revenue

→ [Inland Revenue](->Inland Revenue) → [Internal Revenue Service](->Internal Revenue Service)

[n](bold) <[U](bold)> also: [revenues](bold) <[plural](bold)>

money that a business or organization receives over a period of time, especially from selling goods or services

〔公司、机构的〕收益，收入

Strikes have cost £20 million in [lost revenues](bold).

罢工造成的收入损失达到2,000万英镑。

money that the government receives from tax

an increase in [tax revenues](bold) of 8.4%


reversal

a change to an opposite arrangement, process, or way of doing something

a dramatic reversal in population decline

Some Internet firms have suffered a painful [reversal of fortune](bold)(=they were successful but now they are not).

一些网络公司急转直下，苦不堪言。

Some carers and dependants find it difficult to adapt to a [role reversal](bold).

有些照料者和被照料者觉得难以适应角色调换。

a failure or other problem that prevents you from being able to do what you want

In spite of setbacks and reversals, his business was at last making money.

尽管有挫折和失败，他的生意最后还是赚了钱。


reverse

The Supreme Court reversed the decision.

He spoke in favor of the bill, reversing his previous position.

She is pressing the government to reverse its policy.

Immigration has increased sharply and reversing this trend will be extremely difficult.

His policies had reversed the decline in the economy.

Hair conditioner can’t reverse the damaging effects of colouring and perming.

to change something, such as a decision, judgment, or process so that it is the opposite of what it was before

推翻，彻底改变〔决定、判决、过程等〕

[reverse a decision/verdict/policy etc](bold)

这个判决上诉后被撤销了。

[reverse a trend/process/decline etc](bold)

More changes are required to reverse the trend towards centralised power.

要想扭转权力集中的趋势就得进行更多的改革。

if a vehicle or its driver reverses, they go backwards

我把车倒着驶进一条旁道。

to change around the usual order of the parts of something, or the usual things two people do

调换〔次序〕；交换〔角色〕

Our roles as child and guardian had now been reversed.

我们作为孩子和监护人的角色现在对换了。

to turn something over or around, in order to show the back of it

to change your opinion or position in an argument

〔争论中〕改变主意[立场]

Suddenly, he reversed himself completely.

突然，他彻底改变了立场。

to make a telephone call which is paid for by the person you are telephoning


reverse

the exact opposite of what has just been mentioned

I didn’t mean to insult her – quite the reverse (=in fact, I meant to praise her).

我没想侮辱她——其实我是想赞扬她。

I owe you nothing. If anything, [the reverse is true](bold)(=you owe me).

我不欠你什么。如果说欠的话，是你欠我才对。

in the opposite way to normal or to the previous situation

US video recorders cannot play European tapes, and the same applies in reverse.

美国录像机不能播放欧洲制造的录像带，反之亦然。

to start to happen or to make something happen in the opposite way

发生逆转/使某事发生逆转

The incident threatened to put the peace process into reverse.

这一事件可能会使和平进程发生逆转。

the position of the gears in a vehicle that makes it go backwards

a defeat or a problem that delays your plans

Losing the Senate vote was a serious reverse for the president.

参议院中的投票失利对总统来说是一个重大挫折。

the less important side or the back of an object that has two sides

The British ten-pence coin has a lion on the reverse.

英国十便士硬币的背面图案是一头狮子。


reverse

the opposite order etc to what is usual or to what has just been stated

相反的顺序/局势/过程等

The results were read out in reverse order (=with the worst first and the best last).


review

No one has yet carried out a review of the system.

Government officials are conducting a review of the law.

The department plans to undertake a spending review.

He recommended that the matter should be kept under review.

(=be reviewed after a particular period of time has ended)

We are conducting a major review of our procedures.

Their conclusion is based on a comprehensive review of all the previous studies.

He is currently conducting a wide-ranging review of public spending.

(=that examines the most basic and important parts of something)

There have been calls for a fundamental review of our voting system.

There will be an annual review of your salary.

Their findings have been confirmed by a recent independent review.

(=one that an organization carries out on itself)

The Army is conducting an internal review.

The case is likely to go to judicial review.

The policy review proposed radical changes to the system.

Extra money was promised in last summer’s spending review.

We will set up a pay review body for all staff.

We cannot comment until the review process is over.

a careful examination of a situation or process

她把她对这个研究所作的审查结果送交给我们。

[carry out/conduct/undertake a review](bold)

The company hired Bob to conduct an independent review of their workplace procedures.

公司聘请鲍勃对他们的工作规程进行独立审查。

We’re keeping this policy under review (=we are continuing to examine it).

The policy [comes up for review](bold)(=will be reviewed) in April.

这项政策将在4月份予以审议。

All fees are [subject to review](bold)(=may be reviewed).

Mr Crowther asked for [judicial review](bold) of the decision (=an examination of the decision by a judge).

克劳瑟先生要求对判决进行司法审查。

an article in a newspaper or magazine that gives an opinion about a new book, play, film etc

〔报纸或杂志上的〕评论（文章）；书评；剧评；影评

The paper published a review of her book.

报纸刊登了一篇对她的书的评论。

The band’s new album has had very good reviews.

The film opened to [rave reviews](bold)(=reviews that praised it a lot).

the work of writing reviews for a newspaper or magazine

The book was sent to the press for review in September.

这本书9月份送到报社供评论。

The journal receives [review copies](bold)(=free copies to review) of most new software products.

这家杂志会收到大多数新软件产品的赠样以作评论之用。

a report on a series of events or a period of time, that mentions the most important parts

an official show of the army, navy etc so that a king, president, or officer of high rank can see them

〔对军队的〕检阅，阅兵式


review

to examine, consider, and judge a situation or process carefully in order to see if changes are necessary

We will review your situation and decide how we can help you.

我们会研究你的情况，然后决定如何帮助你。

The decision will be reviewed by the Supreme Court.

这个判决将由最高法院复核。

The team manager’s position will be reviewed at the end of the season.

赛季结束时将对球队主教练一职作出评估。

to write a short article describing and judging a new book, play, film etc

给〔书、戏剧、电影等〕写评论

Bradman will review the best of the new children’s books.

布拉德曼将为这些新的儿童读物中最优秀的作品撰写书评。

to look again at something you have studied, such as notes, reports etc

复习，温习〔笔记、报告等〕

to examine and describe the most important parts of a series of events or period of time

a journalist who will review the events of the past six months

将对过去六个月里所发生的事件进行回顾的记者

to officially watch a group of soldiers, ships etc at a military show

The president will review the soldiers on parade.


reviewer

someone who writes about new books, plays, films etc in a newspaper or magazine

〔新书、新戏剧、新电影等的〕评论家


revise

to change something because of new information or ideas

The college has revised its plans because of local objections.

由于地方上的反对，学院已经修改了计划。

We have revised our estimates of population growth.

我们已修正了对人口增长的估计。

Forecasts of economic growth are being revised downwards.

正在下调对经济增长的预测。

to study facts again, in order to learn them before an examination

→see THESAURUS at [learn](->learn)   →see THESAURUS at [study](->study) 2

她正在温习，准备历史考试。

to change a piece of writing by adding new information, making improvements, or correcting mistakes

A couple of sections of the book will need to be revised.


revision

the process of changing something in order to improve it by correcting it or including new information or ideas

The judge wants to see a revision of the procedures.

法官希望对程序进行修改。

I’m [making](bold) some [revisions](bold) to the book for the new edition.

我正在对这本书进行修订，准备出新版。

a piece of writing that has been improved and corrected

the work of studying facts again in order to learn them

I know I haven’t [done](bold) enough [revision](bold) for tomorrow’s exam.

我知道我对明天的考试准备不足。


revival

a process in which something becomes active or strong again

The US and the UK have expectations of economic revival.

美国和英国对经济复苏有所期待。

A revival of the timber industry is needed.

There has been a [revival of interest](bold) in Picasso’s work.

最近中世纪音乐的再度流行

Traditional English food seems to be [enjoying a revival](bold) at the moment.

这阵子传统的英格兰菜似乎又流行了。

a new production of a play that has not been performed for a long time

Neeson was excellent in a revival of Eugene O‘Neill’s ’Anna Christie'.

在尤金·奥尼尔《安娜·克丽丝蒂》的重排剧中，尼森演得非常出色。

〔基督教的〕复兴（信仰）布道会


revive

to bring something back after it has not been used or has not existed for a period of time

Local people have decided to revive this centuries-old tradition.

当地人决定复兴这一延续了数个世纪的传统。

to become healthy and strong again, or to make someone or something healthy and strong again

（使）复原，（使）恢复精力；（使）复苏

The doctors revived her with injections of glucose.

医生给她注射葡萄糖，使她苏醒过来。

to produce a play again after it has not been performed for a long time

A London theatre has decided to revive the 1950s musical ‘In Town’.


revolt

In 1821 revolts broke out in Moldavia and Wallachia.

At a word from Gandhi, India would have risen in revolt.

He led a revolt against Constantine and acclaimed Maximus as emperor.

The Russians speedily crushed the revolt.

This was the best-known peasant revolt in Soviet history.

(=one involving a lot of ordinary people)

Opposition groups had called for a popular revolt against the president.

She faced open revolt from her Cabinet colleagues.

Somalis living just across the Ethiopian border rose up in armed revolt.

a refusal to accept someone’s authority or obey rules or laws

〔对权威、规定或法律的〕反抗，违抗

→see THESAURUS at [revolution](->revolution)

The prime minister is now facing a revolt by members of his own party.

首相现在面临着党内倒戈。

a revolt over the proposed spending cuts

French farmers are in revolt over cheap imports.

法国农场主正在抵制廉价的进口产品。

strong and often violent action by a lot of people against their ruler or government

the successful revolt of the American colonies

[put down/crush a revolt](bold)(=use military force to stop it)

Troops loyal to the president crushed the revolt.

忠于总统的军队镇压了叛乱。


revolt

if people revolt, they take strong and often violent action against the government, usually with the aim of taking power away from them

It was feared that the army would revolt against the government.

有人担心军队会挥戈反对政府。

to refuse to accept someone’s authority or obey rules or laws

反抗，拒绝服从〔权威、规定或法律〕

Some members of the government may revolt against this proposed legislation.

一些政府成员可能会反对这项拟议中的法规。

if something revolts you, it is so unpleasant that it makes you feel sick and shocked

[Revolt](bold)  is usually passive in this meaning.


revolting

→see THESAURUS at [horrible](->horrible)   →see THESAURUS at [taste](->taste) 1


revolution

ˌrevəˈluːʃən

ˌrevəˈluːʃən

an attempt by a large group of people at revolution

a popular uprisinginvolving ordinary people, not the army

an occasion when a group of people, especially soldiers, suddenly take control of a country

a complete change in ways of thinking, methods of working etc

〔思想、工作方式等的〕彻底变革，革命

In the last ten years there has been a revolution in education.

近十年来，教育发生了巨大的变化。

the biggest social revolution we have had in this country

我们国家所经历的最大的社会变革

20世纪60年代的性革命

→ [Industrial Revolution, the](->Industrial Revolution, the)

a time when people change a ruler or political system by using force or violence

〔使用武力或暴力的〕革命

The role of women has changed since the revolution.

革命以后妇女的角色已有改变。

The country seems to be heading towards revolution.

one complete circular spinning movement, made by something such as a wheel attached to a central point


revolutionary

ˌrevəˈluːʃənəri◂

completely new and different, especially in a way that leads to great improvements

革命性的，突破性的，创新的

The new cancer drug is a revolutionary breakthrough.

这种抗癌新药是一个革命性突破。

relating to a political or social revolution


revolutionary

someone who joins in or supports a political or social revolution


revolutionize

BrE also: revolutionise  [v](bold) <[T](bold)>

to completely change the way people do something or think about something

使彻底变革，给 …带来革命

New technology is going to revolutionize everything we do.

新技术将彻底改变我们做的每一件事。

His work revolutionized the treatment of this disease.

他的研究成果给这种疾病的治疗带来了革命。


revolve

to move around like a wheel, or to make something move around like a wheel

The restaurant slowly revolves, giving excellent views of the city.

餐厅缓缓旋转，城市美景尽收眼底。

Using graphics software, you can revolve the image on the screen.

使用绘图软件可以旋转屏幕上的图像。


reward

The rewards for those who invested at the right time are high.

Some athletes took drugs because the rewards were great and they thought they could get away with it.

They have to work very hard for very little reward.

It’s a difficult job, but the financial rewards are considerable.

They think money and material rewards are more important than quality of life.

(=things that are obviously worth having)

The prize motivates people by offering them the prospect of a tangible reward for their efforts.

Top athletes can expect rich rewards if they win.

I admire people who help the poor for no personal reward.

If you work hard, you will get your reward.

She is now reaping the rewards of all her hard work.

Winning the title brings huge financial rewards.

The team have worked really hard and deserve some reward.

The store has offered a £500 reward for information leading to a conviction.

He contacted the police, hoping to claim the reward money offered by the bank.

The $100,000 reward Levitz’s family offered in the days after her disappearance still stands.

Despite a substantial reward being offered, the painting has never been found.

'Anyone who gives me the information that leads to an arrest will get the reward money,' he repeated.

something that you get because you have done something good or helpful or have worked hard

The school has a system of rewards and punishments to encourage good behaviour.

学校有奖惩制度以鼓励良好行为。

Parents often give their children rewards for passing exams.

孩子通过考试，父母常会给他们奖励。

money that is offered to people for helping the police to solve a crime or catch a criminal

a reward for information leading to the capture of the murderers

因提供情报令凶手落网而得到的赏金


reward

to give something to someone because they have done something good or helpful or have worked for it

The club’s directors rewarded him with a free season ticket.

俱乐部的董事们奖给他一张免费季票。

She wanted to reward the cleaners for their efforts.

她想酬谢清洁工们的努力。

He gave the children some chocolate to reward them for behaving well.

他给孩子们一些巧克力，奖励他们表现好。

to achieve something through hard work and effort

得到回报；获得（某种形式的）奖励

The team have worked hard and their [efforts](bold) have been [rewarded](bold) with success.

球队很努力，他们的付出收获了成功。

莫莉的耐心终于有了回报。


rewarding

making you feel happy and satisfied because you feel you are doing something useful or important, even if you do not earn much money

值得做的，有益的，有意义的

Teaching can be a very rewarding career.

教书可以是一种很有意义的职业。


rewrite

[rewrite](bold) /ˈriːraɪt/  n. <C> eg: Software packages may need complete rewrites to match new hardware.

[past tense](italic) [rewrote](bold) /-ˈrəʊt/ US /-ˈroʊt/ [past participle](italic) [rewritten](bold) /-ˈrɪtn/

to change something that has been written, especially in order to improve it, or because new information is available

〔尤指为了改进或因为有新资料而〕重写，改写

这篇论文大部分我都得重写。


rhetoric

language that is used to persuade or influence people, especially language that sounds impressive but is not actually sincere or useful

辞令；巧辩；〔尤指〕花言巧语，浮夸之词

The speech was dismissed by some people as merely [political rhetoric](bold).

有些人认为这场演讲只是华而不实的政治空谈。

the art of speaking or writing to persuade or influence people


rhyme

a short poem or song, especially for children, using words that rhyme

押韵短诗；〔押韵的〕儿歌，童谣

a collection of traditional rhymes with illustrations

你能想出一个和bicycle同韵的词吗？

我喜欢他对韵律和节奏的运用。

整个故事都是用韵文写的。

There seems to be no rhyme or reason for the school’s behaviour.


rhyme

if two words or lines of poetry rhyme, they end with the same sound, including a vowel

The song has [rhyming couplets](bold)(=pairs of lines that end in words that rhyme).

[Rhyme](bold)  is not used in the progressive. You say: ‘Fruit’ rhymes with ‘toot’.
Don’t say: [‘Fruit’ is rhyming with ‘toot’.](strike)

However, the participle [rhyming](bold)  is used as an adjective: Underline the rhyming words.

to put two or more words together to make them rhyme


rhythm

a regular repeated pattern of sounds or movements

She started moving to the rhythm of the music.

她开始随着音乐的节奏舞动。

规则变化，节律模式，节奏

Jim liked the rhythm of agricultural life.

吉姆喜欢农耕生活的节奏。


rhythmic

also: [rhyth‧mic‧al](bold) /-mɪkəl/  [adj](bold)


rib

one of the 12 pairs of curved bones that surround your chest

She was taken to hospital with a broken arm and ribs.

她胳膊和肋骨断了，被送进医院。

a piece of meat that includes an animal’s rib

a curved piece of wood, metal etc that is used as part of the structure of something such as a boat or building

〔船或建筑等的〕肋材，肋拱


rib

[past tense and past participle](italic) [ribbed](bold) [present participle](italic) [ribbing](bold)

to make jokes and laugh at someone so that you embarrass them, but in a friendly way

〔友善地〕开 …的玩笑，取笑


ribbon

a narrow piece of attractive cloth that you use, for example, to tie your hair or hold things together

头发上系着丝带的小姑娘们

a bundle of letters tied with pale blue ribbon

一捆用淡蓝色丝带扎好的信

The ribbon was cut and the new station was officially open.

剪彩后，新车站正式开始运营。

a piece of ribbon with a special pattern on it that you wear to show that you have received a military honour

〔表示军功的〕绶带，勋带

a length of coloured ribbon, sometimes arranged in the form of a flat flower, that is given as a prize in a competition

〔作为比赛奖品的〕绶带，花结

For the second time she won the [blue ribbon](bold)(=first prize).

这是她第二次赢得一等奖。

Her legs were bruised and her feet were cut to ribbons.

她的腿青了，脚上也划了一道道的伤痕。

a long narrow piece of cloth or plastic with ink on it that is used in a typewriter


rice

a food that consists of small white or brown grains that you boil in water until they become soft enough to eat

Rice is the main crop grown in the area.

水稻是这个地区的主要作物。


rich

having a lot of money – used about people and places

rich – used about people and places, especially when they have been rich for a long time

rich – used about societies, groups of people, or areas where people live, where people have nice houses and a lot of expensive possessions

rich – used about places and groups of people, especially when their money is related to success in business

Sales have grown fastest in the more prosperous areas of the south.

fairly rich compared to other people, so that you can live very comfortably

rich – used especially in the past about families and people who had a fairly high position in society

Only well-to-do families could afford to send their children to university.

The Westons were now well-to-do and there was no necessity for work.

having special advantages because your family have a lot of money and a high position in society

The sport was only played by a privileged few.

having enough money to have a nice life without having to worry about money

I wouldn’t say that we were rich – just comfortably off.

They’ve got two houses and a boat – they must be rolling in it.

Her books were so successful that she’s loaded now.

He came from an extremely rich Viennese family.

He was immensely rich and owned two yachts.

She must have been fabulously rich to live in a house like this.

They stand to become seriously rich if the venture succeeds.

Over the years, he became enormously rich.

They have grown rich by selling this technology to other companies.

(=people who have recently become rich and spend a lot of money)

For Russia's new rich, life is a candy store.

[comparative](italic) [richer](bold) [superlative](italic) [richest](bold)

In written English, people sometimes prefer to use [affluent](bold)  rather than [rich](bold) , because it sounds more formal:

In [affluent](bold) societies the definition of poverty is relative.

someone who is rich has a lot of money and valuable possessions

He thought this was the easiest way to [get rich](bold).

他以为这是最容易的致富办法。

She was both beautiful and fabulously rich.

她不仅漂亮，而且极其富有。

His brother’s [stinking rich](bold)(=very rich, in a way that you do not approve of).

柑橘类水果富含维生素C。

Pregnant women should eat protein-rich foods.

孕妇应该吃富含蛋白质的食物。

Rich mineral deposits have been found in the sea bed.

Red meat is a [rich source](bold) of iron.

full of interesting or important facts, events, or ideas

这个地区有非常灿烂的历史。

rich food contains a lot of butter, cream, or eggs, which make you feel full very quickly

a rich smell or flavour is strong and pleasant

He laughed with a rich, throaty chuckle.

他轻声笑了笑，声音浑厚低沉。

Vegetables grow well in the rich, black soil.

蔬菜在肥沃的黑土地里长得好。

She stroked the rich velvet of the dress enviously.

她羡慕地抚摸着裙子那华贵的天鹅绒。

used to say that what someone has said is unreasonable and that they are criticizing you for doing something that they do themselves

（他/你等这么说）实在可笑[荒谬]

He accused me of being dishonest, which was a bit rich coming from him.

他说我不诚实，这话从他嘴里说出来真是有点可笑。


rid

to throw away or destroy something you do not want anymore

It’s time we got rid of all these old toys.

我们该把这些旧玩具全部丢掉了。

Governments should be encouraged to get rid of all nuclear weapons.

to take action so that you no longer have something unpleasant that you do not want

He opened the windows to get rid of the smell.

他打开窗户把气味散出去。

to make someone leave because you do not like them or because they are causing problems

It can be difficult for schools to get rid of poor teachers.

解聘不称职的老师对学校来说会很难。

to have taken action so that something or someone is no longer there to worry or annoy you

The clerical part of his job was tedious, and he was glad to be rid of it.

他负责的文书工作部分枯燥乏味，他很高兴摆脱了这项差事。

He was a bully, and we’re [well rid](bold) of him (=it is good that he has gone).

他是个恶霸，他走了我们觉得是件好事。

to want to get rid of someone or something that is annoying you


rid

[past tense and past participle](italic) [rid](bold) [present participle](italic) [ridding](bold)


ride

[past tense](italic) [rode](bold) /rəʊd/ US /roʊd/ [past participle](italic) [ridden](bold) /ˈrɪdn/

to sit on an animal, especially a horse, and make it move along

他骑着一匹灰色的大母马。

他一直没有学过骑自行车。

to travel in a bus, car, or other vehicle that you are not driving

We got onto the bus and rode into San Francisco.

我们上了公共汽车，到旧金山去。

→ Do not use [ride](bold) to talk about someone controlling a car or other vehicle. Use [drive](bold)[the man who was driving the stolen car](italic)

He [rode the elevator](bold) down to the first floor.

The smaller boat was lighter and rode higher in the water.

那条较小的船更轻，吃水也更浅。

There was a large ship [riding at anchor](bold) in the bay.

一艘大船抛锚停泊在海湾里。

to float on a wave and move forward with it

They were still riding high after their election victory.

选举获胜，他们至今依然踌躇满志。

to take no action about something that is wrong or unpleasant

对某事物听之任之[放任自流]

What he had said was wrong, and I knew I shouldn’t just let it ride.

他说的话都是错的，我知道我不能听之任之。

to ignore someone else’s feelings or ideas because you have the power or authority to do this

The planning authorities should not ride roughshod over the wishes of local people.

规划部门不应无视当地人的意愿。

to annoy someone by often criticizing them or asking them to do things

if a child rides on someone’s shoulders or back, they are carried in that way

〔小孩〕骑在某人肩上/背上

to move back slightly when someone hits you, so that you are not hit with so much force

〔稍微后退以〕躲闪拳击/重击

他躲开了来拳的大部分力量。

to be doing something unwise which could result in failure

〔不顾后果地〕蛮干，鲁莽行事

I had a feeling he was riding for a fall, and tried to tell him so.

我感觉他在蛮干，于是设法告诉他这一点。


ride

Visitors can take a ride on a steam train.

He went for a ride in a private plane piloted by a friend.

I left the farm that night, and got a ride into town.

(=get a free ride from a passing vehicle)

The resort is a short bus ride away from the hotel.

I climbed slowly aboard the bus for the long ride to Hawkesworth.

The new suspension produces a smoother ride.

Part of the flight had been a bumpy ride through a thunderstorm.

a journey in a vehicle, when you are not driving

→see THESAURUS at [journey](->journey) 1

He invited me to [go for](bold) a [ride](bold) in his new car.

他邀请我坐他的新车去兜风。

Can you [give](bold) me a [ride](bold) back to town?

Sammy had promised to [take](bold) me [for a ride](bold) in his truck.

萨米答应让我坐他的卡车去兜风。

I managed to [get a ride](bold) down to the station.

We [hitched a ride](bold)(=got a free ride from a passing vehicle) into town.

A fifteen minute taxi ride will take you to the airport.

坐出租车15分钟就能到机场。

[a smooth/comfortable/bumpy etc ride](bold)

The new model offers a lovely smooth, comfortable ride.

a journey on a bicycle, a horse, or a similar animal

我能骑一下你的自行车吗？

Shall we [go for a bike ride](bold) this afternoon?

今天下午我们骑自行车去兜兜风好吗？

if people give someone, especially someone in authority, a rough or an easy ride, they make a situation difficult or easy for them

〔让某人，尤指掌权者〕不好过/好过

Journalists [gave](bold) the prime minister [a rough ride](bold) at the press conference.

记者在新闻发布会上让首相很难堪。

The chairman will face a rough ride from shareholders.

董事长将面临股东们的发难。

The president will not [have an easy ride](bold) when he gives his account of events.

总统自己来说这些事情会很难堪。

if something has a bumpy ride, it experiences a lot of problems

Shares [had a bumpy ride](bold) yesterday, falling by an average of 15%.

股票昨日遭遇重挫，平均下跌了15%。

The new bill could [be in for a bumpy ride](bold) when it is put before parliament.

新法案提交议会时可能会起风波。

to trick someone, especially in order to get money from them

I’d just begun to realise he was taking me for a ride.

我这才开始意识到他在骗我。

to join what other people are doing just for pleasure, not because you are seriously interested in it

A couple of friends had come along for the ride.

几个朋友过来一起凑热闹。

a large machine that people ride on for fun at a fair

〔游乐场中供玩乐的〕乘骑设施

We [went on](bold) loads of [rides](bold).

我们玩了很多乘骑类游乐设施。

a path for riding on a horse in the countryside


rider

an extra or more detailed piece of information that is added to an official document and changes it slightly

〔公文的〕附文，附件，附加条款


ridge

a long area of high land, especially at the top of a mountain

We made our way carefully along the ridge.

something long and thin that is raised above the things around it

A small ridge of sand separated the field from the beach.

一条小小的沙脊把田野和海滩分隔开来。

The ridges on the soles give the shoes a better grip.

鞋底上的棱纹可以更好地防滑。

the part at the top of a roof, where the two sides meet

a long area of high air pressure in the atmosphere, which has an effect on the weather


ridiculous

[ridiculously](bold) adv. eg: a ridiculously expensive jacket eg: ridiculously low prices

[Ridiculous](bold)  is not used with ‘very’. You say: I think it’s absolutely ridiculous.
Don’t say: [I think it’s very ridiculous.](strike)

You look absolutely ridiculous in that short skirt.

I thought his behaviour was quite ridiculous.

Andrew felt slightly ridiculous carrying the dog.

Her urge to run away seemed faintly ridiculous now.

I’d [look ridiculous](bold) in a dress like that.

我穿那样的裙子会显得很可笑。

It’s ridiculous that we have to wait six weeks.

我们得等六个星期，这太荒谬了。


rifle

a long gun which you hold up to your shoulder to shoot


rifle

also: [rifle through](bold)  [v](bold) <[T](bold)>

to search a place or container quickly because you are looking for something, especially something to steal

Sally rifled through her wardrobe looking for a dress.

萨莉翻遍衣橱找一件连衣裙。

The killer had rifled his wallet and stolen £200.

凶手翻了他的钱包，偷走200英镑。


rift

a situation in which two people or groups have had a serious disagreement and begun to dislike and not trust each other

Party officials have denied that there is any rift between ministers.

政党官员否认部长之间存在不和。

Today’s announcement could lead to a further rift over public spending.

今天的公告有可能导致公共开支方面的更大分歧。

He set out to [heal](bold) the [rifts](bold) in the party.

a crack or narrow opening in a large mass of rock, cloud etc

〔岩石、云等的〕裂缝，裂口，缝隙


right

[rightness](bold) n. <U> eg: He was convinced of the rightness of his cause.

[put sth right](bold) at → [put](->put) sense 8

not wrong – used about something someone says, or about the person who says it

‘He’s about thirty, isn’t he?’ ‘That’s right.’

right. [Correct](bold) sounds more formal than [right](bold)

Unfortunately, this information is not correct.

right – used about information, measurements, descriptions etc

Make sure that your measurements are accurate.

an exact number, amount, or time is completely correct, and is no more and no less than it should be

The exact weight of the baby was 3.3 kilos.

exactly right – used especially about guesses or things people say

You were quite right – we should never have gone with them.

(=completely correct, used for emphasis)

(=correct to some degree, but not completely)

We warned that it would not work, and we have been proved right.

I think I’m right in saying they once employed 2000 people.

a statement or piece of information that is right is correct and based on true facts

〔说法或信息〕正确的，对的，如实的

I [got](bold) most of the questions [right](bold).

His ideas have now been [proved right](bold).

他的观点现已证明是对的。

if you are right, you have said something that is correct and based on true facts

I think you’re right. We should have set out earlier.

我想你是对的，我们本该早点出发的。

You were right about the hotel being too crowded.

你说对了，这家酒店是太拥挤了。

I think the prime minister is only [half right](bold).

我认为首相只说对了一半。

Am I [right in thinking that](bold) you two have met before?

你们两个以前见过，我说得对吗？

the right thing, person, method etc is the one that is most suitable or effective

→see THESAURUS at [suitable](->suitable)

我认为你作出了正确的决定。

I think she’s definitely the [right person](bold) for the job.

我认为她绝对是这份工作的合适人选。

A huge development like this isn’t right for such a small village.

如此大规模的开发项目不适合这么小的一个村庄。

your right side is the side with the hand that most people write with

a scar on the [right side](bold) of her face

on the same side of something as your right side

something that is not right is not in the state it should be in

Things haven’t been right between me and James for some time.

我和詹姆斯之间出现问题已经有一段时间了。

[put/set sth right](bold)(=correct something)

It didn’t take long to find the fault and put it right.

不久就找到毛病并纠正了。

if someone is right to do something, their action is morally correct or sensible

Do you think I was right to report them to the police?

你觉得我向警方告发他们做得对吗？

It can’t be right to keep lying to your family.

老是欺骗你的家人是不对的。

I think it’s right that the people who work hardest should earn the most.

工作最努力的人报酬最高，我认为这是合理的。

It’s [only right](bold)(=completely right) that he should get his share of the money.

他拿他应得的那份钱是理所当然的。

The company wants to [do the right thing](bold) and offer compensation to all the injured workers.

公司希望正确行事，对所有受伤的工人作出赔偿。

used to agree with what someone says or to answer ‘yes’ to a question

‘I gather you work in the sales department?’ ‘That’s right.’

“我猜你在销售部工作？” “没错。”

‘Some people find it very difficult to work quickly.’ ‘That’s right, and they often find exams very stressful.’

“有些人觉得很难做得快。” “是呀，他们还常常觉得考试压力很大。”

used when you are telling someone that you are angry about what they are doing

行啦，够啦〔用于表示对别人所做的事感到愤怒〕

That’s right! Just blame me for everything, as usual!

行啦！什么事都来怪我好了，总是这样！

used to say ‘yes’ to a request, order, or suggestion

是，好的〔用于回答要求、命令或建议〕

used to emphasize how bad someone or something is

极差的，十足的〔用于强调差的程度〕

他听起来像个十足的傻瓜！

The house was in a right mess when we got back.

我们回来的时候，屋里一片狼藉。

if you are not feeling right, you are not feeling completely well

A few days in bed will soon [put](bold) you [right](bold).

卧床休息几天，你很快就会好的。

You’ll soon be [as right as rain](bold)(=completely healthy).

[put sb right/straight](bold) at → [put](->put) sense 9

the right people, places, schools etc are considered to be the best or most important

〔人、地方、学校等〕最好的；最重要的

Sonia’s always careful to be seen with the right people.

索尼娅总是很注意，出入都要和体面的人在一起。

to be in the place where something useful becomes available or is being offered

在恰当的时间出现在恰当的地方

Being a news photographer is all about being in the right place at the right time.

当新闻摄影师，就是要在恰当的时间出现在恰当的地点。


right

exactly in a particular position or place

正好〔在某个位置或地方〕

She was standing right in the middle of the room.

There’s the house, right in front of you.

就是那所房子，就在你面前。

It’s on [right after](bold) the six o'clock news.

6点钟新闻之后马上播出。

I’ll phone him [right away](bold)(=immediately).

I could tell [right off](bold) that something was wrong.

[right off the bat](bold) AmE(=immediately, without having to think carefully)

凯毫不犹豫地作出了回答。

我们猜对了——他们已经走了。

‘I thought you’d be cross.’ ‘You thought right!’

“我以为你会生气。” “你说对了！”

Everything’s [going right](bold) for him at the moment.

towards the direction or side that is on the right

We need to deal with this problem right now.

我们需要立即解决这个问题。

I slept soundly right through the night.

to completely support someone in their ideas or in what they are trying to achieve

I’ll be right with you/right there/right back

used to ask someone to wait because you are coming or returning very soon

我马上就来/就到/就回来

‘Lunch is ready!’ ‘I’ll be right there.’

“午饭好啦！” “我就来。”

不要走开，我很快就回来。

to be as good or as important as the very best

（与某人/某事物）不相上下；（与某人/某事物）同等重要

He’s definitely right up there with all the world-class footballers.

他绝对和世界级的足球运动员不相上下。

The company’s losing money right, left and centre.


right

(=stop them doing something they have a right to do)

Imprisoning the men without trial violated their rights.

The insurance company decided not to exercise its right of appeal.

(=not allow them to do something they have the right to do)

We demand the same rights that other European workers enjoy.

(=take action to stop a right being taken away)

We should defend our right to demonstrate.

I will uphold the rights of the people of this country.

This company always operates with respect for human rights.

(=the rights that every person in a society should have)

As a young man, he was deeply involved in the struggle for civil rights.

The law recognises a man’s fundamental right to defend his home and his property.

Banks have the legal right to recover their money.

Teachers have a constitutional right to join a union.

New laws have been passed to protect women’s rights.

The company’s actions are a violation of workers’ rights.

Animal rights campaigners say the dogs are being bred in terrible conditions.

(=the right to ask for an official decision to be changed)

In these circumstances, there is no right of appeal.

(=the right to be free from public attention)

The judge decided that the media’s actions violated the couple’s right to privacy.

(=the right to enter a place, use something, or see someone)

You have rights of access to data held about you.

(=the right to say or write something in answer to a criticism)

People should have the right of reply when a magazine has published letters criticizing them.

Everyone has the right to freedom of expression.

something that you are morally, legally, or officially allowed to do or have

The new charter establishes the rights and duties of citizens.

新宪章确定了公民的权利和义务。

Everyone should have the right to freedom of expression.

within your rights (=legally or morally allowed)

You would be within your rights to sue the company for negligence.

你有权起诉公司没有尽责。

→ [civil rights](->civil rights) → [human right](->human right)

have a right to be angry/concerned/suspicious etc

to have a good reason for being angry, concerned etc

有理由生气/担心/怀疑等

I think you have a right to feel very disappointed.

我认为你有理由感到很失望。

You had [every right](bold) to be angry with them.

你完全有理由生他们的气。

used to say that someone’s action is completely unreasonable or unfair

You had no right to take money from my purse!

你无权从我的钱包里拿钱！

He has no right to speak to me like that!

the side of your body that has the hand that most people write with, or this side of anything else

Our car is just to the right of that white van.

我们的车就在那辆白色货车的右侧。

The school is on your right as you come into the village.

进了村子后，学校就在你的右边。

political parties or groups that support the ideas and beliefs of capitalism. They usually want low taxes and to encourage private business rather than businesses owned by the state

The campaign is being supported by the Right.

这场运动得到了右翼政党的支持。

The Conservative Party seems to be moving even further to the right.

behaviour that is morally good and correct

Some kids don’t seem to know the difference between [right and wrong](bold).

有些孩子好像不能分辨是非。

The protesters believe that they have right on their side.

抗议者认为正义在他们一边。

if someone has the rights to a book, film, television programme etc, they are allowed to sell it or show it

〔书、电影、电视节目等的〕版权，发行权

The studio bought the rights to his new book.

电影公司买下了他新书的版权。

The company paid £2 million for [film rights](bold) to the book.

公司花了200万英镑买下了这本书的电影改编权。

the [television rights](bold) to the Olympic Games

奥林匹克运动会的电视转播权

to have the best reasons, arguments etc in a disagreement with someone else

〔在与别人的争论中〕有理

Both sides are convinced that they are in the right.

used to describe what should happen if things are done fairly or correctly

By rights, the house should be mine now.

按理说，这房子现在应该归我。

used to say that you have something or achieve something on your own, without depending on other people

She’s a very wealthy woman in her own right.

她凭自己的能力成为十分富有的女人。

to make a place or situation return to normal again

It took ages to put the room to rights again.

把房间收拾好花了很长时间。

the subject of what or who is right or wrong in a situation

I don’t want to spend ages discussing the rights and wrongs of all this.

我不想浪费时间来讨论这一切的是与非。


right

used to show that you have understood or agree with what someone has just said

好的，对〔用于表示明白或同意某人的话〕

‘You need to be there by ten o’clock.‘ ’Right.'

“你要在10点前到那儿。” “好的。”

used to get someone’s attention before starting to say or do something

好，大家把书翻到第16页。

好，我觉得我们准备好可以走了。

used to check if what you have said is correct

对吗〔用于确认自己说的话是否正确〕

那么我们在酒吧见面，对吧？

used to check that the person you are speaking to is listening and understands what you are saying

对不对，懂吗〔用于确认对方是否在听并明白你说的话〕

So I handed him the camera, right, and asked him to take our photograph.

于是我就把相机递给他，懂吗，叫他给我们照相。


right

to do something to prevent a bad situation from continuing

He seems to think he can right all the wrongs of the world.

他好像认为自己能尽扫天下不平之事。

to put something back into the state or situation that it should be in

We must try to right the balance between taxation and government spending.

我们必须设法恢复税收与政府支出之间的平衡。

to put something, especially a boat, back into its correct upright position

把〔尤指小船〕扶正；使直立

She righted herself and picked up her bag.

她站稳后拿起了自己的包。


right angle

[right-angled](bold) adj. eg: a right-angled bend

an angle of 90°, like the angles at the corners of a square

if two things are at right angles, they make a 90° angle where they touch

Hold the brush at right angles to the surface.


right-hand

the bottom right-hand corner of the page


right-handed

a right-handed person uses their right hand for writing, throwing etc


rightly

正确地；有道理地，有充分理由地

I was, [as](bold) you [rightly said](bold), the smallest boy in the class.

你说的没错，我是班级里最小的男孩。

As you so [rightly pointed out](bold), things are getting worse.

你说得很对，情况越来越不妙了。

They have been treated badly, and they are rightly upset.

他们受到了不公正的对待，生气是理所当然的。

There’s a lot of talk, quite rightly, about the dangers of smoking.

有很多关于吸烟危害的言论，说得都很有道理。

This photo was taken in Paris, [if I remember rightly](bold).

如果我没记错的话，这张照片是在巴黎拍的。

used to emphasize that someone else thinks that something they did was right, but you think it was wrong

且不问对还是错，不管对不对

The prime minister was widely judged, rightly or wrongly, to be an honest man.

不管对不对，大多数人都认为首相是个诚实的人。

used to say that a decision or action you have just described is fair and morally right, in your opinion

有理由这样〔用于表示认为某个决定或行为合理并合乎道德〕

A lot of people round here were furious, and rightly so.

这儿有很多人都很愤怒，这是情理之中的。

used to say that you are not sure whether something is correct or not


right-wing

[right wing](bold) n. <C> eg: the right wing of the Conservative party

[right-winger](bold) n. <C> eg: a prominent right-winger in the party

a right-wing person or group supports the ideas and beliefs of capitalism


rigid

[rigidly](bold) adv. eg: rigidly opposed to all new ideas

rigid methods, systems etc are very strict and difficult to change

〔方法、体制等〕严格死板的，僵化的

rigid and authoritarian methods of education

someone who behaves in a rigid way is very unwilling to change their ideas or behaviour

She maintained rigid control over her emotional and sexual life.

僵硬的；不动的；不弯曲的

used to describe someone who cannot move, especially because they are very frightened, shocked, or angry

〔尤指因惊吓、震惊或生气而〕身体僵直的，呆住的

I heard a noise and woke up rigid with terror.

我听到一个声音后惊醒过来，吓得身子都僵了。


rigorous

the rigorous standards required by the college


rim

[rimless](bold) adj. eg: rimless glasses

〔圆形物体的〕外缘，边缘，边


rim

[past tense and past participle](italic) [rimmed](bold) [present participle](italic) [rimming](bold)


ring

They saw I didn’t have a wedding ring on.

On her right hand was a huge diamond ring.

Her fingers were clustered with heavy rings.

He gave her a diamond wedding ring on their wedding day.

I noticed that she had an engagement ring on her finger.

(=a ring given as a sign of lasting love, especially one with stones all round it)

(=a ring that has a letter or symbol cut into a flat surface)

a piece of jewellery that you wear on your finger

[engagement ring](bold) at → [engagement](->engagement) sense 1 → [signet ring](->signet ring) → [wedding ring](->wedding ring)

a rubber ring for children to go swimming with

她在浴缸里留下了一圈污渍。

a group of people or things arranged in a circle

A ring of armed troops surrounded the building.

武装士兵围成一圈包围了大楼。

The city was overlooked by a ring of high-rise buildings.

从四周的高楼大厦可以俯瞰这座城市。

这个星期晚些时候我会给你打电话。

the sound made by a bell or the act of making this sound

a group of people who illegally control a business or criminal activity

〔从事非法交易或犯罪活动的〕团伙，帮派

Are you aware that a [drugs ring](bold) is being operated in the club?

你有没有发现俱乐部里有贩毒团伙在活动？

Secret files reveal an Oxford [spy ring](bold).

秘密文件揭露牛津有个间谍网。

if a statement or argument has a ring of truth, confidence etc, it seems as if it has this quality

〔话语或论点〕看来有某种特性

if something has a familiar ring, you feel that you have heard it before

His voice had a strangely familiar ring.

他的声音听起来不可思议地耳熟。

to be able to do something much better than someone else can

one of the circular areas on top of a cooker that is heated by gas or electricity

a small square area surrounded by ropes, where people box or wrestle

a large circular area surrounded by seats at a circus