cubic

relating to a measurement of space which is calculated by multiplying the length of something by its width and height


cucumber

a long thin round vegetable with a dark green skin and a light green inside, usually eaten raw

[cool as a cucumber](bold) at → [cool](->cool) 1 sense 3


cue

an action or event that is a signal for something else to happen

Our success was the cue for other companies to press ahead with new investment.

我们的成功给了其他公司一个信号，就是一定要有新的投资。

I think that’s my cue to explain why I’m here.

我想那是要我解释一下为什么我在这里。

a word, phrase, or action in a play that is a signal for the next person to speak or act

〔戏剧中暗示下一位演员接言或出场的〕尾白，提示

She stood nervously in the wings waiting for her cue.

她紧张地站在台侧等待出场的提示。

[miss your cue](bold)(=not speak or act when you are supposed to)

happening or done at exactly the right moment

像是接到信号似的，萨姆刚好到了。

to use someone else’s actions or behaviour to show you what you should do or how you should behave

With interest rates, the smaller banks will take their cue from the Federal Bank.

在利率方面，小银行会仿效联邦银行。

a long straight wooden stick used for hitting the ball in games such as billiards and pool


cue

to give someone a sign that it is the right moment for them to speak or do something, especially during a performance

The studio manager will cue you when it’s your turn to come on.

该你上场的时候，制作经理会提示你的。


cuisine

the traditional cuisine of the Southwest

the food cooked in a particular restaurant or hotel, especially when it is very good

〔餐厅或酒店的〕特制饭菜，菜肴

Enjoy the delicious cuisine created by our award-winning chef.

请享用我们获奖厨师烹制的佳肴。


cult

→ [personality cult](->personality cult)

an extreme religious group that is not part of an established religion

a fashionable belief, idea, or attitude that influences people’s lives

〔影响人们生活的〕风尚，热潮

Diet, exercise ... It’s all part of this cult of self-improvement.

a group of people who are very interested in a particular thing

a system of religious beliefs and practices


cult

a film, music group etc that has become very popular but only among a particular group of people

在某圈子内受狂热喜爱的电影/乐队/人物等

the 1980s cult movie ‘The Gods Must Be Crazy’

20世纪80年代风靡一时的影片《上帝也疯狂》

The actor James Dean acquired the status of a cult hero.

演员詹姆斯•迪恩成了一批狂热影迷崇拜的偶像。


cultivate

to prepare and use land for growing crops and plants

这块地石头太多，无法耕作。

to plant and take care of a particular crop

In everyday English, people usually say someone [grows](bold)  a crop rather than [cultivates](bold)  it:

They have been [growing](bold) grapes there for hundreds of years.

to work hard to develop a particular skill, attitude, or quality

培养，养成〔技能、态度或素质〕

Try to cultivate a more relaxed and positive approach to life.

要努力养成更为放松和积极的生活态度。

The company has been successful in cultivating a very professional image.

公司成功地树立了一个非常专业的形象。

to make an effort to develop a friendly relationship with someone, especially someone who can help you

〔尤指为了利益〕与 …交往，结交〔朋友〕

Professor Gladwyn would be an acquaintance worth cultivating.

格拉德温教授是值得结交的朋友。


cultural

(=the ideas, customs etc that have existed among a group for a long time)

We want to preserve our cultural heritage and pass it on to our children.

People must accept each others’ cultural differences.

(=ideas of what is right and wrong in a culture)

the social and cultural values of the western world

(=feeling of belonging to a particular group and sharing its values)

Children develop a sense of their racial and cultural identity at a young age.

(=including people from many different cultures)

the racial and cultural diversity of British society

(=the ideas, customs etc of a particular place or time)

the cultural context of Europe in the eighteenth century

These were decades of rapid cultural change.

(=the type of society you come from, and its ideas, customs etc)

people from the same cultural background

Research suggests that cultural factors influence scores in intelligence tests.

The ceremony is an important cultural tradition for the tribe.

[adj](bold) <[usually before noun](bold)>

belonging or relating to a particular society and its way of life

the very real historical and [cultural differences](bold) between our two societies

我们两个社会之间非常现实的历史和文化差异

the desire to maintain a distinct [cultural identity](bold)

保持独特的文化特征的愿望

It is important to look at the political and [cultural context](bold) in which the novel was written.

要考虑小说创作时的政治和文化背景，这一点很重要。

people who share the same [cultural background](bold)

[cultural heritage/traditions etc](bold)(=ideas, customs etc that have existed in a particular society for a long time)

the city’s rich and varied [cultural life](bold)

这个城市丰富多彩的文化生活

Students need to have time for relaxation and [cultural activities](bold), as well as for academic work.

学生除了学习之外，还需要有时间放松和参加文化活动。

In the later Middle Ages, Prague was an important [cultural centre](bold)(=a place, usually a big city, where a lot of artistic and musical events happen).

在中世纪后期，布拉格是一个重要的文化中心。


culturally

in a way that is related to the ideas, beliefs, or customs of a society

Teaching materials need to be culturally appropriate.

教材从文化角度来看必须恰当。

Historically and culturally, Britain has always been linked to the continent.

英国在历史上和文化上历来都和欧洲大陆相关联。

in a way that is related to art, music, literature etc

The French are a culturally sophisticated people.

法兰西是一个文化底蕴深厚的民族。

Culturally, the city has a lot to offer.

从人文角度看，这个城市可提供的东西很多。


culture

Our society was heavily influenced by Greek and Roman culture.

Sport is a major part of our national culture.

The local culture of the island has much to interest visitors.

Britain and America are united by a common culture.

The people have a traditional culture which has hardly changed in 500 years.

(=the main culture in an area where there are many different cultures)

What are the values of the dominant culture?

(=the confusion or shock that people sometimes feel in a very different country or place)

the beliefs, way of life, art, and customs that are shared and accepted by people in a particular society

We speak Danish at home so that the boys don’t lose touch with their language and culture.

我们在家说丹麦语，这样男孩子们就不会脱离他们的语言和文化。

In our culture, it is rude to ask someone how much they earn.

在我们的文化里，问别人收入多少是不礼貌的。

I love working abroad and meeting people from different cultures.

我喜欢在国外工作，认识来自不同文化的人。

Business is one of the major forces in modern culture.

商业是现代文化的一股主要力量。

the attitudes and beliefs about something that are shared by a particular group of people or in a particular organization

〔团体或组织中共同的〕态度，信仰，习俗

Every government department has its own particular culture.

每个政府部门都有自己的独特文化。

Changing the corporate culture is a long and difficult process.

改变公司文化是一个长久而艰难的过程。

In the field of drug development, the culture of secrecy is deep and strong.

在药品开发领域，保密文化根深蒂固、牢不可破。

the [drug culture](bold) that is destroying so many young lives today

如今正在毁掉众多年轻生命的毒品文化

activities that are related to art, music, literature etc

If it’s culture you’re looking for, the city has plenty of museums and art galleries.

如果你寻找的是文化，这个城市有很多博物馆和美术馆。

[popular culture](bold)(=the music, books, films etc that are liked by a lot of people)

[culture vulture](bold) [informal](special)(=someone who is very interested in art, music, literature etc)

a society that existed at a particular time in history

This technique was then adapted and refined by the more sophisticated cultures of the ancient world.

这种工艺后来被古代社会中更为先进的文明加以改进和完善。

bacteria
       or cells grown for medical or scientific use, or the process of growing them

培养出的细菌[细胞]；细菌[细胞]培养

It takes two to three weeks to grow the culture.

培养细菌要两到三个星期。


culture

to grow bacteria or cells for medical or scientific use


culture shock

the feeling of being confused or anxious that you get when you visit a foreign country or a place that is very different from the one you are used to

India is where I first experienced real culture shock.

印度是让我第一次真正感受到文化冲击的地方。

Moving to London was a bit of a culture shock after ten years of living in the country.

过了十年的乡村生活后再搬到伦敦，文化上的差异让人有点无所适从。


cumulative

increasing gradually as more of something is added or happens

学习是个逐渐积累的过程。

Depression is often caused by the cumulative effects of stress and overwork.

抑郁症通常是由压力和过度劳累日积月累引起的。


cunning

someone who is cunning is clever and good at deceiving people in order to get what they want

→see THESAURUS at [intelligent](->intelligent)

behaviour or actions that are cunning are clever but dishonest and unfair, and are used to get what you want

〔行为或动作〕狡诈的，狡猾的

a cunning object or piece of equipment is clever and unusual

〔物体或设备〕巧妙的，不同寻常的

a cunning little device for keeping out draughts


cunning

the ability to achieve what you want by deceiving people in a clever way

She would use [low cunning](bold)(=unpleasant dishonest methods) to win people’s sympathy.

她会耍卑鄙的花招来博得别人的同情。


cup

A girl was clearing away the empty cups.

All they had to drink was warm beer in plastic cups.

He picked up the coffee cups and took them into the kitchen.

Mum put a tea cup and saucer on the table.

Angie filled the cup and handed it to him.

He lifted his cup of coffee and drained it.

Do you prefer a mug or a cup and saucer?

a small round container, usually with a handle, that you use to drink tea, coffee etc

〔常指喝茶或咖啡等用的有柄〕杯子

Mathew picked up the cup and sipped his coffee.

马修拿起杯子抿了口咖啡。

She put her [cup and saucer](bold) down on the table.

Helen took the coffee cups into the kitchen.

They drank cheap wine from plastic cups.

他们用塑料杯喝廉价葡萄酒。

a unit used in the US for measuring food or liquid in cooking, equal to eight fluid ounces or 237 millilitres

杯〔美国的烹饪计量单位，等于8液量盎司或237毫升〕

Mix the butter with one cup of powdered sugar until light and fluffy.

在黄油里加一杯糖粉，搅拌到松软的奶油状为止。

the amount of liquid or food that a cup can hold

Breakfast consisted of half a cup of milk and a dry biscuit.

早餐是半杯牛奶和一片干饼干。

a specially shaped silver container, often with two handles, that is given as a prize in a competition, especially a sports competition

The president of the club came to [present](bold) the [cup](bold) to the winners.

俱乐部主席来给获胜者颁发奖杯。

a sports competition in which a cup is given as a prize

They’ve [won the](bold) European [Cup](bold) twice.

他们两次赢得欧洲冠军杯。

something round and hollow that is shaped like a cup

The flowers’ white petals contrast handsomely with their lemon-yellow cups.

这种花的白色花瓣衬托浅黄色花萼，让人赏心悦目。

a hole in the ground that you have to try to hit the ball into in the game of golf

the part of a bra that covers a woman’s breast

〔男人运动时用的〕护裆，下体护身

He’s gone to get me some [fruit cup](bold).

他去给我买果汁混合饮料了。

to not be the type of thing that you like

不感兴趣的东西，不对胃口的事物

Jazz just isn’t my cup of tea – I prefer classical music.

我就是不喜欢爵士乐——我喜欢古典音乐。

By the time Anthony arrived, Richard was already [deep in](bold) his [cups](bold).

安东尼来到时，理查德已经喝得大醉。


cup

[past tense and past participle](italic) [cupped](bold) [present participle](italic) [cupping](bold)

to hold something in your hands, so that your hands form part of a circle around it

He [cupped](bold) her [face](bold) in his hands and kissed her.

他双手捧住她的脸亲吻她。

Luke was sitting at his desk, one hand [cupping](bold) his [chin](bold).

卢克坐在书桌前，一只手托住下巴。

to make a shape like a cup with your hand or hands

He struck a match and cupped his hand around the flame.

他划了根火柴，窝起手拢住火焰。


cupboard

→ [airing cupboard](->airing cupboard) [skeleton in the cupboard](bold) at → [skeleton](->skeleton) sense 5

(=ones that are there permanently and cannot be moved)

Wall cupboards provide extra storage in the garage.

There's a storage cupboard under the stairs.

The medicine cupboard's in the bathroom.

(=for drinks, especially alcoholic ones)

He went to the drinks cupboard and poured a whisky.

(=a warm cupboard for sheets and towels)

(=for brushes and other things you use to clean the house)

a piece of furniture with doors, and sometimes shelves, used for storing clothes, plates, food etc

橱柜；衣柜；碗柜，食品柜

used to say that there is no money etc left that can be used

瓮尽杯干，弹尽粮绝〔指钱等〕

The workers have been told not to expect a pay rise because the cupboard is bare.

工人们被告知不要指望加薪，因为他们已经囊空如洗。


curator

someone who is in charge of a museum or zoo

He’s Curator of Prints at the Metropolitan.

他是大都会艺术博物馆印刷品馆部的主管。


curb

to control or limit something in order to prevent it from having a harmful effect

measures to curb the spread of the virus


curb

an influence which helps to control or limit something

We are trying to keep a curb on their activities.

我们正设法控制他们的活动。

the raised edge of a road, between where people can walk and cars can drive


cure

a medicine or medical treatment that makes an illness go away

The scientists are trying to find a cure for Alzheimer’s Disease.

a way to treat a health problem, especially a small problem such as a cold, using plants or other natural methods

Rinsing with salt water is a good home remedy for a sore throat.

a medicine that will stop the effects of a poison or dangerous drug

There is no known antidote to a bite from this snake.

Scientists are still hoping to find a cure for the common cold.

It will be at least ten years before a cure is developed.

$3 billion a year is spent searching for a cure for cancer.

A few decades ago there was no effective cure for the disease.

(=a very effective one that cures a serious disease)

At present is there is no known cure for this virus.

Billions of pounds have been spent on the search for a cure.

an ounce of prevention is worth a pound of cure (AmE)

(=used to say that it is better to prevent illness than to cure it)

something that solves a problem, or improves a bad situation

the act of making someone well again after an illness

The new treatment effected a miraculous cure.

这种新疗法产生了奇迹般的疗效。


cure

to make someone who has an illness completely well again or to stop a disease making someone ill – used especially about drugs or other treatments

Many cancer victims can be cured if the disease is detected early enough.

to cure someone – used especially when someone cures people using special religious powers, rather than using medicine. Also used when saying that a cream or treatment makes a wound better

This cream is good for healing minor cuts and bruises.

to make someone who is ill well again, especially when they have an illness that is not very serious

to reduce someone’s pain or unpleasant feelings

Aspirin will help to relieve the symptoms.

I can give you something to alleviate the pain.

to make an illness or medical condition go away

现在许多癌症都可以治好。

an operation that can cure short-sightedness in 15 minutes

15分钟就可治愈近视的一种手术

to make someone well again after they have been ill

She had some acupuncture treatment which seems to have cured her.

她接受了某种针刺疗法，好像把她的病治好了。

90% of patients can be cured of the disease.

这种疾病90%的患者都可以治愈。

to solve a problem, or improve a bad situation

解决〔问题〕；改善〔困境〕

Attempts to cure unemployment have so far failed.

到目前为止，解决失业问题的种种努力均告失败。

to make someone stop behaving in a particular way or stop them having a particular feeling or attitude

矫正[改正]某人的某种不良行为[态度]

Nothing could cure her of her impatience with Anna.

她就是改不了对安娜的不耐烦态度。

to preserve food, tobacco etc by drying it, hanging it in smoke, or covering it with salt

〔用晒、熏、腌等方法〕保存〔食品、烟草等〕


curfew

a law that forces people to stay indoors after a particular time at night, or the time people must be indoors

The government [imposed](bold) a night-time [curfew](bold) throughout the country.

The [curfew](bold) was [lifted](bold)(=ended) on May 6th.

The whole town was [placed under curfew](bold).

Anyone found in the streets after curfew was shot.

the time, decided by a parent, by which a child must be home or asleep in the evening

〔父母规定的〕儿童晚上必须回家[睡觉]的时间


curiosity

Bright children often have a lot of curiosity.

(=find out something that you want to know)

I decided to call him in order to satisfy my curiosity.

(=make someone want to know about something)

New people in the village always aroused our curiosity.

curiosity gets the better of sb/overcomes sb

(=makes you do something that you are trying not to do)

Curiosity got the better of me and I opened her diary.

Something she said had piqued his curiosity.

The children are encouraged to follow their natural curiosity, and learn about what interests them.

Highly intelligent people are full of intellectual curiosity.

Their scientific curiosity led to the development of the vaccine.

(=wanting to know something for no particular reason)

Out of idle curiosity, I looked out of the window.

The children were staring at her with open curiosity.

His disappearance had obviously aroused great curiosity.

He had an insatiable curiosity about why people do the things they do.

I watched what was happening with mild curiosity.

(=a feeling of wanting to know about death or other bad things that happen)

the morbid curiosity of the onlookers at the trial

(=want to know about something very much)

She was burning with curiosity about him, but was too polite to ask.

(=be something or someone that makes people curious)

Anyone new was always the object of our curiosity.

(=the quality or advantage of being something that people want to know about)

When the shop was new it had curiosity value.

I opened the packet just to [satisfy](bold) my [curiosity](bold).

我打开包裹只是为了满足我的好奇心。

The news [aroused](bold) a lot of [curiosity](bold) among local people.

这条消息在当地人中间激起了很大的好奇心。

She decided to follow him [out of curiosity](bold).

Margaret looked at him [with curiosity](bold).

Children have a [natural curiosity](bold) about the world around them.

儿童生来对周围的世界感到好奇。

a man of immense [intellectual curiosity](bold)

It was [idle curiosity](bold) that made me ask.

我只是好奇地随便问了一下。

someone or something that is interesting because they are unusual or strange

a house full of old maps and other curiosities

藏满旧地图和其他珍奇物品的房子

In the past, men who wanted to work with children were regarded as something of a curiosity.

在过去，男人想从事儿童工作被认为是稀罕事。

It’s not worth much, but I kept it for its [curiosity value](bold).

这东西不值多少钱，我留着是因为它很独特。

used to tell someone not to ask too many questions about something

好奇害死猫，过于好奇要吃苦头〔用于告诫别人不要多打听〕


curious

He was curious about how she would react.

他很想知道她会有什么反应。

Mandy was curious to know what happened.

曼迪很想知道发生了什么事。

Her shouting attracted some curious glances from other people in the restaurant.

她的叫喊引来了餐厅里其他客人好奇的目光。

→see THESAURUS at [strange](->strange) 1

He felt a curious mixture of excitement and panic.

他有一种既兴奋又惊慌的奇怪感觉。

[It’s curious that](bold) she left without saying goodbye.


curiously

in a way that shows you want to know about something

‘What have you got in there?’ Felix asked curiously.

“你那里面是什么？”费利克斯好奇地问道。

Curiously, exactly the same thing happened to me a year ago.

奇怪的是，一年前我也遭遇了一模一样的事。


curl

[make sb’s toes curl](bold) at → [toe](->toe) 1 sense 5 [make your hair curl](bold) at → [hair](->hair) sense 9

to form a twisted or curved shape, or to make something do this

（使）弯曲；（使）盘绕，（使）缠绕

to move, forming a twisted or curved shape, or to make something do this

（使）呈曲线移动；（使）旋绕

He curled his arm around Claudia’s waist.

他伸手揽住克劳迪娅的腰。

if you curl your lip, or if your lip curls, you move it upwards and sideways, to show that you disapprove of someone or something

噘起〔嘴唇，表示不赞同〕


curl

Her dark hair was arranged in tight curls.

a little boy with a tangle of blond curls

The child's golden curls fell around her shoulders.

a gorgeous Italian man with a mass of dark curls

a piece of hair that hangs in a curved shape

a little boy with beautiful blonde curls

满头漂亮的金色鬈发的小男孩

Use a diffuser to maximise the volume and curl of your hair.

装上风嘴把头发吹蓬松，使卷儿更明显。

A curl of smoke rose from her cigarette.

an exercise in which you repeatedly bend your arms, legs, or stomach in order to make your muscles strong

a sideways and upwards movement of your lip or mouth, showing that you disapprove of someone or something

撇嘴，噘嘴〔表示不赞同〕


currant

a small dried grape used especially in baking cakes

〔尤用于烘制糕点的〕小葡萄干

→ [blackcurrant](->blackcurrant) → [redcurrant](->redcurrant)


currency

(=the type of money that other countries use)

You can buy foreign currency at the post office.

(=the type of money that a particular country uses)

The local currency of Zambia is the 'kwacha'.

(=one currency for the countries in Europe)

Britain does not use the single currency.

(=currency from a country with a strong economy)

They accept American dollars and other hard currencies.

The fund was set up to support weak currencies.

The government want to maintain a stable currency.

(=change money from one currency to another)

There’s usually a charge for converting currencies.

(=reduce the value of a country’s money in relation to other currencies)

The Finance Minister was forced to devalue the currency.

(=it goes up or down in relation to other currencies)

The currency fell from 144 to the dollar twelve months ago to 812.

(=the process of changing from one country’s currency to another)

Banks make good profits on currency exchange.

(=the financial markets where currencies are bought and sold)

the dollar’s recent rise on the currency markets

Global trends such as oil prices influence currency movements.

the system or type of money that a country uses

The bank can supply you with [foreign currency](bold).

这家银行能为你提供外币。

The euro is the [single currency](bold) for 12 of the European Union’s 15 member states.

The [local currency](bold) is the Swiss franc.

the state of being accepted or used by a lot of people

流传，通行；被接受，传播

The argument has received [wide currency](bold).

马克思主义开始被许多人接受。

The idea was [common currency](bold) in European political life.

这一观点在欧洲的政治生活中被广泛接受。


current

In its current state, the car is worth £1,000.

这辆车按现在的车况来看值1,000英镑。


current

→ Do not confuse with [currant](bold) (=a dried grape or a type of berry).

Ocean currents carry young fish out to sea.

Tidal currents make the seas around the islands very rough.

On surfing beaches, strong currents are common.

Fast-flowing currents made the rescue job even harder.

Beaches usually have signs that warn of dangerous currents.

Sea currents flow at up to 12 miles per hour around parts of the coast.

Their boat was moving fast, carried by the current.

(=carries them very powerfully, so that they cannot stop moving)

The treacherous currents have swept away three swimmers in the past year.

a continuous movement of water in a river, lake, or sea

〔河、湖或海的〕水流，潮流

[Strong currents](bold) can be very dangerous for swimmers.

Some birds use warm [air currents](bold) to help them fly.

有些鸟利用热气流帮助它们飞行。

currents of warm air rising from the plain

→ [alternating current](->alternating current) → [direct current](->direct current)

an idea, feeling, or opinion that a particular group of people has

The committee reflects the different political currents within the organization.

该委员会反映出了团体内部各种不同的政治思潮。

There was an underlying current of discontent among teachers.

教师中的不满情绪暗流涌动。


current account

a bank account that you can take money out of at any time


currently

the products that are currently available

He is currently working on his first novel.

他目前正在创作他的第一本小说。


curriculum

The children carried out the project as part of the school curriculum.

(=the curriculum set by the government for schools in England and Wales)

the primary/secondary/high school etc curriculum

(=for a first degree at university or college)

the science/maths/history etc curriculum

The English curriculum is divided into Language and Literature.

(=the subjects that everyone must study because they are considered  very important)

There has been a lot of debate on the content of the core curriculum.

(=involving studying from books, not practical subjects)

They unquestioningly accept the traditional academic curriculum.

(=involving a wide range of different types of subjects)

The school provides a broad curriculum with a rich choice of learning opportunities.

(=with a mix of academic and practical subjects)

We want to ensure a balanced curriculum for all pupils.

Many teachers complained that the new curriculum was too narrow.

Fifty academics have been involved in developing the new school curriculum.

(=study the subjects that are in a curriculum)

Five-year-olds now follow the National Curriculum.

[plural](italic) curricula /-lə/ or [plural](italic) curriculums

the subjects that are taught by a school, college etc, or the things that are studied in a particular subject

Languages are an essential part of the school curriculum.

语言是学校课程中必不可少的部分。

IT is now on the curriculum in most schools.

信息技术如今已被大部分学校纳入课程内容。

Students are exempt from some classes in the curriculum for religious reasons.

学生因宗教原因可以免上课程中的某些课。


curry

(=with a strong, burning  taste that comes from strong spices)

(=a sauce for making curry, often in a jar)

How about going for a curry on Saturday night?

a type of food from India, consisting of meat or vegetables in a spicy sauce


curry

[past tense and past participle](italic) [curried](bold) [present participle](italic) [currying](bold) [third person singular](italic) [curries](bold)

to try to make someone like you or notice you in order to get something that you want – used to show disapproval

讨好（某人），奉承（某人），拍（某人）马屁〔含贬义〕

a businessman who made several attempts to curry favour with politicians

一个几次三番想要讨好政客的商人


curse

to say or think bad things about someone or something because they have made you angry

He cursed his bad luck in arriving just after she’d left.

他骂自己运气不好，到达的时候她刚好离开。

Elsa cursed herself for believing his lies.

埃尔莎骂自己相信了他的谎言。

to ask God or a magical power to harm someone


curse

a swear word or words that you say because you are very angry

a word or sentence used to ask God or a magical power to do something bad to someone or something

He believed that someone had [put](bold) a [curse on](bold) the house.

他相信有人对这房子下了诅咒。

Noise is one of the curses of modern-day life.

噪声是现代生活的一大祸害。


cursor

a mark that can be moved around a computer screen to show where you are working


curtail

这条新法规将削弱警方的权力。

Budget cuts have drastically curtailed training programs.

缩减预算严重地影响了培训计划。


curtain

The room was dark because the curtains were drawn.

Bright red curtains hung cheerfully at all the windows.

She was standing on a ladder hanging some new curtains.

Heavy curtains help to keep the house warm.

Velvet can be heavy so choose a strong curtain pole.

I need to go to town to buy some curtain fabric.

The curtain has loops, so you don't need curtain hooks.

a piece of hanging cloth that can be pulled across to cover a window, divide a room etc

Ella drew the curtains and switched the light on.

埃拉拉上窗帘，把灯打开。

[curtain rail/pole/rod](bold)(=for hanging a curtain on)

a sheet of heavy material that comes down at the front of the stage in a theatre

Before the curtain went up, the dancers took their places on stage.

幕拉起之前，舞蹈演员都在舞台上站好了位置。

a thick layer of something that stops anything behind it from being seen

〔遮住视线的〕幕状物，帘状物

to cause or mark the end of a situation or period of time

使某事落下帷幕，为某事画上句号

The decision brought down the curtain on a 30-year career.

这一决定为30年的职业生涯画上了句号。

used to say that someone will die or that something will end

某人该完蛋了/某事该结束了


curve

He drew a line on the paper in a smooth curve.

(=one that turns gradually in another direction)

(=one that turns suddenly in another direction)

There's a tight curve in the road up ahead.

She stood watching the upward curve of the bird's flight.

Her arm arched over her head in a graceful curve.

a line that gradually bends like part of a circle

a line on a graph that gradually bends and represents a change in the amount or level of something

〔图表上显示变化的〕曲线

市场需求曲线呈上升态势。

〔道路、河流等的〕弯曲处

The car took the curve much too quickly.

in baseball, a ball that spins and moves in a curve when it is thrown, so that it is difficult to hit

to surprise someone with a question or problem that is difficult to deal with

〔提出问题〕难倒某人；抛给某人一个难题

more advanced than other people in what you do or think, or less advanced than other people

〔行为或思想〕超前/落后


curve

to bend or move in the shape of a curve, or to make something do this

The track curved round the side of the hill.

小路弯弯曲曲，依山盘旋。

她笑了，嘴唇弯成一道弧线。


curved

having a shape that is like a curve and not straight


cushion

a cloth bag filled with soft material that you put on a chair or the floor to make it more comfortable

something that stops one thing from hitting another thing

Good sports shoes should provide a cushion when running.

好的运动鞋可以在跑动时提供缓冲作用。

something, especially money, that prevents you from being immediately affected by a bad situation

起缓解作用的东西；〔尤指〕防备不时之需的积蓄

Savings can act as a cushion against unemployment.

the soft rubber edge of the table used for playing billiards or snooker

〔台球桌的〕库边，橡胶垫条，胶条


cushion

to make the effect of a fall or hit less painful, for example by having something soft in the way

His landing was cushioned by the fresh snow that had fallen.

他落地时刚下的雪起到了缓冲作用。

to protect someone from an unpleasant situation or the unpleasant effects of something

使免受冲击，减轻 …的影响

[cushion the blow/impact (of sth)](bold)

generous leaving allowances to help cushion the blow of redundancy

缓和裁员打击的不菲的离职补贴

Many parents try to cushion their children from the outside world.

许多父母尽量让自己的孩子免受外部世界的打击。


custard

a sweet yellow sauce that is made with milk, sugar, eggs, and flour

a soft baked mixture of milk, sugar, and eggs


custody

Anna has custody of their six-year-old daughter.

She was determined to prevent Mike getting custody of Adam.

Allen is seeking custody of his two children.

The court will decide who will be given custody.

After the breakup, the parents were awarded joint custody.

The mother got sole custody because of the father's violence.

Matters of child custody are dealt with by the courts.

(=a legal argument about who will have custody)

He is fighting a bitter  custody battle for his children.

The men have been held in custody since they were arrested.

(=be kept in prison until you go to court)

Davis has been remanded in custody on a burglary charge.

Three armed FBI agents took Coleman into custody.

The judge ruled that Marsh should remain in custody until his sentence.

Seventy-five percent of young people released from custody re-offend within two years.

There have been several cases in which people have died in police custody.

(=custody that is meant to keep someone safe)

The rebel leader has been placed in protective custody.

the right to take care of a child, given to one of their parents when they have divorced

〔离婚后对孩子的〕监护权

He got custody of his son after the divorce.

离婚后他获得了对儿子的监护权。

The mother is usually [awarded custody](bold)(=legally allowed to have custody).

a dispute over who should [have custody of](bold) the children

关于孩子监护权归属问题的争执

The couple will retain [joint custody](bold)(=they will both have custody) of their daughters.

夫妇俩将继续保留对女儿的共同监护权。

Allen is fighting a bitter [custody battle](bold) over his three children.

艾伦为获得自己三个孩子的监护权拼死力争。

when someone is kept in prison until they go to court, because the police think they have committed a crime

The committee is looking at alternatives to custody.

委员会在考虑用其他方法取代羁押。

A man is being held in police custody in connection with the murder.

一名男子因涉嫌谋杀被警方羁押。

[remand sb in custody](bold) BrE(=send someone to prison to wait until they go to court)

A man has been remanded in custody charged with the murder of a schoolgirl.

一名男子因为被指控谋杀一个女学童而在押候审。

She was [taken into custody](bold) as a suspect.

when someone is responsible for keeping and looking after something

Managers are responsible for the safe custody and retention of records.

经理有责任安全保管并保留记录。

The collection of art books is now [in the custody of](bold) the university.

这批艺术类藏书现在由这所大学保管。


custom

We were unfamiliar with the local customs.

Here on the island, many of the old customs have survived.

He had criticized some of the school’s established customs.

The children learn about traditional customs, crafts, music, and dance.

Our people do not want to imitate western social customs.

The Spanish custom is to add the mother’s surname after the father’s.

He spoke four African languages and knew most of the tribal customs.

(=things done when someone dies and is buried)

the diversity of burial customs in different parts of the world

(=do something that is part of a custom)

Following a Chinese custom, Deng changed his given name to mark the occasion.

Strangers should respect the customs of the country they are in.

The custom of slaughtering an animal to welcome guests still survives in some areas.

Sometimes the streets are decorated with flower petals, although this custom is dying out.

something that is done by people in a particular society because it is traditional

The guide offers information on local customs.

导游手册介绍了当地的风俗习惯。

It’s the custom for the bride’s father to pay for the wedding.

根据传统，由新娘的父亲支付婚礼费用。

The custom of naming women after flowers is becoming less common.

用花名给女子起名的做法现在已经不大常见了。

something that you usually do every day, or in a particular situation

他很早醒来，这是他的习惯。

the place where your bags are checked for illegal goods when you go into a country

〔检查入境人员行李的〕海关

She was stopped at customs and questioned.

她在海关被叫住接受问话。

It took ages to [clear customs](bold)(=be allowed through customs) but then we were out of the airport quite quickly.

过海关花了很长时间，不过我们出机场倒是很快。

You won’t be able to take that [through customs](bold).

你带着那东西过不了海关的。

the government department that checks goods coming into a country and collects any taxes on them

the practice of regularly using a particular shop or business

为吸引更多主顾的一则广告

Smaller shops lose a lot of custom when supermarkets open nearby.

附近开了超市以后，小商店就失去了大量客源。


custom

[adj](bold) <[only before noun](bold)> ([especially AmE](special))

custom products or services are specially designed and made for a particular person

His son operates a custom furniture business.

他儿子开了一家公司，经营定制家具。


customary

[customarily](bold) /ˈkʌstəm/ US /ˌkʌstəˈmerəli/  adv.

something that is customary is normal because it is the way something is usually done

风俗的，惯例的，合乎习俗的

In some cultures it is customary for the bride to wear white.

在一些文化中，新娘按风俗要穿白色。

someone’s customary behaviour is the way they usually do things

Barbara answered with her customary enthusiasm.

芭芭拉以惯有的热情作了回答。


customer

someone who buys goods or services from a shop or company

Customers were waiting for the shop to open.

The bank is one of our biggest customers.

someone who pays for a service from a professional person or company

He has a meeting with one of his clients.

The company buys and sells shares on behalf of their clients

someone who goes to the shops looking for things to buy

The streets were full of Christmas shoppers.

a customer of a particular shop, restaurant, or hotel – usually written on signs

The notice said ‘Parking for Patrons Only’.

someone who is getting medical treatment from a doctor, or in a hospital

anyone who buys goods or uses services – used when considering these people as a group who have particular rights, needs, or behaviour

Consumers are demanding more environmentally-friendly products.

The law is designed to protect consumers who buy goods on the Internet.

the number of people who want to buy a product, or the type of people who want to buy it

The market for organic food is growing all the time.

the type of customers that a particular shop, restaurant etc gets

The hotel has a very upmarket clientele.

They have a wealthy international clientele.

My business quickly built up a base of regular customers.

(=who buys a lot from you, or uses your service a lot)

America is a big customer for Japanese goods.

(=who has been a customer for a long time)

Some of our loyal customers have been coming here since the store opened.

(=who is pleased with your goods or service)

Satisfied customers will return again and again.

(=who might become a customer in the future)

It’s very important to establish contact with potential customers.

We want to improve our service for both new and existing customers.

(=do business with or talk to a customer)

He has a lot of experience in dealing with customers.

Every day the shop serves around 800 customers.

The Internet is a great way to attract new customers.

Keeping prices low helps to retain customers.

The company has lost some big customers in the last two years.

Our aim is always to raise the level of customer service.

Staff are given training in customer relations.

The firm carried out a survey of customer satisfaction.

(=the amount of something customers want to buy or use)

It’s important to respond quickly to changing customer demand.

My job is to handle customer complaints and enquiries.

someone who buys goods or services from a shop, company etc

We aim to offer good value and service to all our customers.

我们力求为所有的客户提供物有所值的商品和服务。

We’ve had several letters from satisfied customers.

我们收到了几封顾客表示满意的来信。

Many of the banks offer a poor level of customer service.

这些银行中有许多家服务质量很差。

He’s one of our [regular customers](bold).

[best/biggest/largest customer](bold)(=the person or company who uses a shop or company the most)

someone who is difficult to deal with because they behave in a deliberately unhelpful way

[cool customer](bold) at → [cool](->cool) 1 sense 3


cut

cut across
cut away
cut back
cut down
cut in
cut off
cut out
cut through
cut up

to divide something into two or more pieces, especially using a knife or

to quickly cut something, especially using

The hairdresser snipped away at her hair.

to make a long narrow cut through something, especially using a knife

He slit the envelope open with a penknife.

to cut something quickly and violently with a knife, making a long thin cut

Someone had slashed the tyres on his car.

to cut wood, using a a tool with a row of sharp points

to cut wood, vegetables, or meat into pieces

Bill was outside chopping up firewood with an axe.

to cut bread, meat, or vegetables into thin pieces

to cut vegetables or meat into small square pieces

to cut cheese or a hard vegetable by rubbing it against a special tool

Grate the cheese and sprinkle it over the vegetables.

to cut the outside part off something such as a potato or apple

I peeled the potatoes and put them in a saucepan.

to cut thin pieces from a large piece of meat

to cut a small amount off something, especially to make it look neater

(=reduce the amount you spend running a business, a home etc)

Shops have been forced to cut their prices after very slow sales.

The government is expected to cut interest rates next month.

In the 1990s, governments worldwide cut military spending.

The bank announced that it was cutting 500 jobs.

Cameras have helped to cut crime in the town centre.

Housing benefit was sharply cut for all but the poorest people.

(=reduce it to the lowest level possible)

Funding for art and music in schools has been cut to the bone.

(=so that it is the size/length you need)

The place where I bought the wood cut it to size for me.

Cut open the avocado and remove the stone.

(=cut it in the direction that is longest)

Branches should be cut cleanly from the tree.

[past tense and past participle](italic) [cut](bold) [present participle](italic) [cutting](bold)

They’re introducing CCTV cameras in an attempt to cut street crime in the area.

为了减少该地区的街头犯罪，他们安装了闭路电视摄像机。

You need to cut the amount of fat and sugar in your diet.

你需要减少饮食中脂肪和糖的摄入量。

Scientists are warning that unless carbon emissions are cut, we could be heading for an environmental catastrophe.

科学家警告说如果不减少碳排放量，我们可能会面临环境灾难。

Seven hundred jobs will be lost in order to [cut costs](bold) and boost profits.

为了降低成本，提高利润，将削减700个职位。

The major aviation companies need to [cut prices](bold) if they are to compete with budget airlines.

大航空公司如果想和廉价的航空公司竞争，就需要降低价格。

[cut sth by £1 million/$5 billion/half etc](bold)

The welfare budget has been cut by $56 billion.

福利预算被削减了560亿美元。

A new direct service will cut two hours off the flying time between London and Seoul.

新开设的直航服务将使伦敦与首尔之间的航程缩短两小时。

Staffing levels had already been [cut to the bone](bold)(=reduced to the lowest level possible).

人员配备已经削减到了最低限度。

to divide something or separate something from its main part, using scissors, a knife etc

The telephone wires had been cut minutes before the assault.

袭击前几分钟，电话线已经被切断。

Can you cut me a piece of bread, please?

你帮我切一块面包，好吗？

Using a pair of scissors, cut carefully along the dotted lines.

用剪刀小心地沿虚线剪开。

We’ll need a saw that will cut through metal.

我们需要一把可以切割金属的锯子。

[cut sth into slices/chunks/pieces etc](bold)(=make something into a particular shape by cutting)

[cut sth to size/length](bold)(=cut something so that it is the size you need)

这根窗帘杆可以切割成需要的长度。

→ [cut out](->cut out) → [cut up](->cut up)

to make something shorter with a knife, scissors etc, especially in order to make it neater

For reasons of hygiene, we had to cut our fingernails really short.

为了卫生，我们要把指甲剪得很短。

From outside came the sound of someone cutting the hedge.

外面传来有人修剪树篱的声音。

to remove parts from a film, book, speech etc, for example because it is too long or might offend people

The original version was cut by more than 30 minutes.

原作版本被删剪了30多分钟。

to make a hole or mark in the surface of something, or to open it using a sharp tool

Strange letters had been cut into the stone.

石头上刻着一些奇怪的字母。

[Cut a hole](bold) in the middle of the paper.

[Cut open](bold) the chillies and remove the seeds.

to injure yourself on something sharp that breaks the skin and makes you bleed

I noticed he’d cut his finger quite badly.

我发现他手指划破得很严重。

Marcie said she’d cut herself on a broken glass.

玛茜说她被一块碎玻璃划伤了。

That knife’s extremely sharp! Mind you don’t cut yourself.

那把刀非常锋利！当心别划伤。

On Eric’s chin was a scrap of cotton wool where he’d [cut](bold) himself [shaving](bold).

埃里克的下巴上贴着一块药棉，他是剃须时刮伤自己的。

She fell and [cut](bold) her head [open](bold).

to make or form something from a solid piece of wood, metal etc using a sharp tool

我给你配一把备用的钥匙。

The chair had been cut from the trunk of a tree.

这把椅子是用一根树干凿成的。

to cut something such as metal or rope in order to let someone escape from where they are trapped

〔割断金属、绳子等〕使逃走，释放

She had to be cut from the wreckage of her car.

只好切割汽车残骸让她出来。

He was in the vehicle for an hour before he was [cut free](bold).

他在汽车里困了一小时才获救。

if a tool cuts well, badly etc, it cuts things well or badly etc

切割〔性能良好、不好等〕

professional quality tools that cut efficiently and smoothly

切割利索、顺畅的优质专业工具

if a piece of clothing is cut in a particular way, that is the way it is designed and made

The T-shirt is cut fairly low at the neck.

这件T恤衫领口开得很低。

[Cut](bold)  is usually passive in this meaning.

to remove something from a document or file on a computer

〔把计算机上的文件〕剪切

要剪切文本可按控制键加C键。

[Cut and paste](bold) the picture into a new file (=remove it and then make it appear in a new file).

把这张图片剪贴到新的文档里去。

to get to somewhere by a quicker and more direct way than the usual way

I usually cut through the car park to get to work.

我通常抄近路穿过停车场去上班。

我们抄近路从田里穿过去吧。

to divide an area into two or more parts

这条河把整个地区一分为二。

The new road will cut through a conservation area.

这条新路将穿过一片自然环境保护区。

First cut the pack, and then deal the cards

to produce a CD, song etc for people to buy

The band cut their first single in 2001.

该乐队在2001年灌制了他们的首张单曲唱片。

to take the top part off crops such as wheat before gathering them

A French company has reportedly cut a deal to produce software for government agencies.

据报道，一家法国公司成交了一笔生意，为政府机构生产软件。

to write a check for a particular amount of money and give it to someone

When the damage assessor called, he cut a check for $139.

估损员到来后，他开了一张139美元的支票。

said by the director of a film to tell people to stop acting, filming etc

to put the parts of a film together so that they make a continuous story, and get rid of the parts you do not want

in a film, if the camera cuts away or cuts to a different scene, the scene on the screen changes to a different one

At the crucial moment, the camera cuts away and we don't see the murder.

关键时刻镜头切换掉了，我们没有看到谋杀场景。

The shark is shown moving through the water and then we cut to a shot of the beach.

画面上，那条鲨鱼在水中游动，这时我们把镜头切换到海滩。

to unfairly go in front of other people who are waiting to do something

to deliberately not go to a class that you should go to

to get your first experience of doing something and learn the basic skills

（从某事上）获得初步经验

Both reporters cut their journalistic teeth on the same provincial newspaper.

两名记者都从同一份当地报纸获得了最初的新闻工作经验。

to do something in a way that saves time, effort, or money, but that also results in it not being done properly

〔为了节省时间、精力或金钱而〕马虎从事，走捷径

There’s a temptation to cut corners when you’re pushed for time, but it’s not worth it.

时间紧迫时你会很想走捷径，但这么做并不值得。

to stop doing something earlier than you planned

The band has cut short its US concert tour.

乐队提前结束了在美国的巡回演出。

Her athletic career was cut short by a leg injury.

她的体育生涯因为腿伤而中断了。

to stop someone from finishing what they wanted to say

I tried to explain, but he cut me short.

我想解释，他却打断了我。

an impolite way of telling someone to stop doing something because it is annoying you

停止 …〔由于被激怒而制止对方〕

Cut the sarcasm, Jane, and tell me what really happened!

简，你别再冷嘲热讽了，快告诉我究竟发生了什么事！

[Cut the crap](bold)(=stop saying something that is not true), I saw his car outside your house!

别扯谎了！我看见他的汽车停在你家外面。

to deliberately ignore someone when you meet them

不理睬某人，装作没看见某人

我在镇上看见了伊恩，他却没理睬我。

to stop doing something that is failing, so that you do not waste any more money, time, or effort

He decided to cut his losses and sell the business.

他决定趁早放弃，把企业卖了。

if a line cuts another line, they cross each other at a particular point

if a baby cuts a tooth, the tooth starts to grow

〔婴儿〕长〔牙〕，出〔牙〕

to upset someone very much by saying something cruel

His mockery frightened her and cut her to the bone.

他的嘲笑让她害怕，对她伤害极深。

to immediately start dealing with the most important part of something

to have an impressive, strange etc appearance

Mason cuts a battered but defiant figure.

梅森看上去历经磨难，却依旧坚毅不屈。

to behave in a way that will cause harm to yourself, especially because you are very offended or angry about something

He’d just be cutting his own throat if he left now.

他如果现在离开就等于毁了自己。

used to say that something has two effects, especially a good effect and a bad one

有利有弊，有正反两种效果

The higher the interest rate, the greater the financial risk – which, of course, cuts both ways.

利率越高，金融风险也就越大，这当然是有利有弊的事。

to make someone or their ideas seem less impressive by having better ideas yourself or doing something before they do

把某人比下去；比某人取得先机

to avoid a difficult situation by leaving suddenly

Although the company has faced financial difficulties, they do not intend to cut and run.

虽然这家公司面临经济困难，但他们并不想临阵脱逃。

if something cuts no ice with someone, it will not persuade them to change their opinion or decision

不能产生影响，没有说服力

It’s unlikely that these arguments will cut much ice with Democrats.

这些论点对民主党不会产生多少影响。

to stop being too dependent on someone, especially your parents

摆脱[停止]〔尤指对父母的〕依赖

Other magazines have tried to copy the formula but have never quite cut the mustard.

其他杂志都想套用这一方法，但效果不佳。

to mix an illegal drug such as heroin with another substance

[Cut](bold)  is often passive in this meaning.

to spend only as much money as you can afford

used to say that you are only going to mention the main facts of something

To cut a long story short, he threw them out of the house.

长话短说吧，他把他们赶出了屋子。

(also: [cut it close](bold) ([AmE](bold)) )

to leave yourself just enough time to do something

把时间掐得很紧，把时间安排得不留余地

Even in normal traffic, 20 minutes to get to the airport is cutting it fine.

即使在交通正常的情况下，要20分钟到达机场也是很紧的。

不能胜任，达不到要求［标准］

Players who can’t cut it soon quit the team.

能力不够的球员很快就离开了球队。

to cause a lot of damage in a place or among a group of people

把某地夷为平地；给某群体造成严重破坏

A series of bribery scandals has cut a swathe through the government.

一连串的受贿丑闻使政府遭到重创。

you could cut the atmosphere with a knife

used to say that everyone in a place is very annoyed or angry with each other and this is very easy to notice


cut

→ [cold cuts](->cold cuts) → [power cut](->power cut) → [short cut](->short cut)

The country needs to make cuts in the carbon dioxide it produces.

A major engineering company has announced big job cuts.

Some employees were forced to take pay cuts.

There have been falling sales and job cuts at the newspaper.

His proposals could involve spending cuts of up to £12 billion.

The company announced big price cuts on all its computers.

Further proposals for defence cuts were drawn up.

Deep cuts were made in research spending.

He resigned over drastic cuts in the education budget.

Two passengers had to be treated for minor cuts.

He escaped the crash with just a few cuts and bruises.

a reduction in the size or amount of something, especially the amount of money that is spent by a government or company

〔规模或数量，尤指政府或公司支出的〕削减，缩减，裁减

There will be cuts across all levels of the company.

公司上下各级都将削减开支。

Cuts in public spending mean that fewer people can go on to higher education.

公共开支的缩减意味着能够接受高等教育的人数将会减少。

The decision to [make cuts](bold) in health care provision has been widely criticized.

削减卫生保健服务的决定遭到了广泛的批评。

A shorter working week will mean pay cuts for millions of workers.

缩短每周的工时将意味着数百万工人减薪。

The building plans could be hit by possible [spending cuts](bold).

这些建筑规划也许会因为可能缩减支出而受到影响。

A cut of 1% in interest rates was announced yesterday.

a wound that is caused when something sharp cuts your skin

That’s quite a nasty cut – you ought to get it seen to by a doctor.

这个伤口很严重，你应该让医生处理一下。

The driver escaped with minor [cuts and bruises](bold).

司机逃过一劫，只受了些轻微的皮外伤。

a narrow hole or mark in the surface of something, made by a sharp tool or object

How much do they charge for a cut and blow-dry?

理发加吹干他们要收多少钱？

the style in which clothes have been made

〔衣服的〕款式，剪裁，式样

I could tell by the cut of his suit that he wasn’t a poor man.

从他的衣服式样我可以看出他不是个穷人。

someone’s share of something, especially money

She was determined to claim her cut of the winnings.

她下决心要拿回赢来的钱中属于她的那一份。

an act of removing a part from a film, play, piece of writing etc, or a part that has been removed

the process of putting together the different parts of a film and removing the parts that will not be shown

Spielberg himself oversaw the final cut.

斯皮尔伯格亲自监督影片最后的剪辑工作。

one of the songs or pieces of music on an album, CD etc

〔专辑或激光唱片中的〕一首曲目

the exciting but sometimes difficult or unpleasant way that something is done

某事物的激烈争斗；某事物的交锋

to be much better than someone else or something else

优于某人/某物，比某人/某物高出一筹

The movie is a cut above recent thrillers.

这部影片比最近拍的惊险片要好得多。

He proved himself to be [a cut above the rest](bold).

他证明了自己比别人要优秀得多。

a piece of meat that has been cut to a size suitable for cooking or eating

〔适合烹调或进食的〕分割肉块

Long slow cooking is more suitable for cheaper cuts of meat.

长时间的慢火煮更适合便宜些的肉块。

a road that has been made through a hill


cute

→see THESAURUS at [beautiful](->beautiful)

跟我们说说你碰到的这个性感家伙！

他们的律师使了一个巧计。


CV

a short written document that lists your education and previous jobs, which you send to employers when you are looking for a job


cycle

(=the stages of life that happen in order)

Dragonflies develop wings in the last stage of their life cycle.

(=the related events that repeat themselves every year, month etc)

the annual cycle of planting and harvesting crops

(=related events in business, the economy etc that repeat themselves over a certain period)

(=relating to the blood that women lose each month)

Illness can disrupt your menstrual cycle.

Advanced economies seem to go through a regular cycle.

If people can get jobs, they can break the cycle of poverty and debt.

The birds were able to complete their breeding cycle as farmers delayed cutting the hedges.

a cycle of poverty/activity/birth and death etc

the cycle of violence between the two countries

The country is trapped in a cycle of poverty and under-development.

the recovery phase of the economic cycle

(=part of a road that only cycles can use)

Cars are not allowed in the cycle lanes.

(=path for cycles in a park, wood etc, or beside a road)

The forest is full of beautiful cycle paths.

I bought a map of all the cycle routes in the area.

Cycle hire is available in the town centre.

a number of related events that happen again and again in the same order

Sometimes the only way to [break the cycle](bold) of violence in the home is for the wife to leave.

有时候结束家庭暴力的唯一办法就是妻子离开。

→ [life cycle](->life cycle) [vicious cycle](bold) at → [vicious circle](->vicious circle)

the period of time needed for a machine to finish a process

〔机器的〕工作循环，运转周期

This washing machine has a 50-minute cycle.

这台洗衣机完成洗衣的全部程序要50分钟。

a group of songs, poems etc that are all about a particular important event

〔有关某重大事件的〕组歌，组诗


cycle

to go through a series of related events again and again, or to make something do this

The water is cycled through the machine and reused.

水通过机器循环后重复使用。


cylinder

a shape, object, or container with circular ends and long straight sides

the tube within which a piston moves forwards and backwards in an engine


cynic

someone who is not willing to believe that people have good, honest, or sincere reasons for doing something

愤世嫉俗的人，认为人性恶的人

Even [hardened cynics](bold) believe the meeting is a step towards peace.

就连最顽固的愤世嫉俗者也认为这次会议向和平迈出了一步。


cynical

unwilling to believe that people have good, honest, or sincere reasons for doing something

愤世嫉俗的，认为人性恶的

The public is cynical about election promises.

not caring that something might not be morally right, might hurt someone etc, when you are trying to get something for yourself

a cynical disregard for international agreements

无视国际协定的损人利己行为


daddy

father – used especially by children or when speaking to children

the best, most important, or most respected person

了不起的人；典范；老大〔指最优秀、最重要或最受尊敬的人〕

Damon won the game for us – he’s the daddy!

戴蒙是赢得这场比赛的功臣——他真是好样的！


daily

the ordinary things that you usually do or experience


daily

a newspaper that is printed and sold every day, or every day except Sunday

someone, especially a woman, who is employed to clean someone’s house

the prints of a film as it is being made, which are looked at every day after filming ends

〔电影未经剪辑的〕工作样片


dairy

a place on a farm where milk is kept and butter and cheese are made

a company which sells milk and sometimes makes other things from milk, such as cheese


dam

a special wall built across a river or stream to stop the water from flowing, especially in order to make a lake or produce electricity

the mother of a four-legged animal, especially a horse


dam

[v](bold) <[T](bold)> also: [dam up](bold)

[past tense and past participle](italic) [dammed](bold) [present participle](italic) [damming](bold)

to stop the water in a river or stream from flowing by building a special wall across it

筑坝拦〔水〕，在 …中筑坝

to stop something from being expressed or continuing

Once she allowed her anger to show, it could not be dammed up again.

她一旦发起脾气来就不可收拾。


damage

Too much sun can do severe damage to your skin.

We surveyed the damage caused by the bomb.

The cost of repairing the damage could be around £300 million.

Young trees need protecting to prevent damage from the wind.

The earthquake caused severe damage to a number of buildings.

Because of the size of the bomb, the damage was extensive.

By smoking for so long, she may have suffered irreversible damage to her health.

Fortunately, the fire caused only minor damage.

There is considerable evidence that the drug can cause physical damage.

The building was checked for structural damage.

The programme will concentrate on reducing environmental damage and pollution.

The campsite suffered extensive flood damage.

If you drink a lot of alcohol it can cause liver damage.

The insurance covers you for accidental damage to your possessions while you are on holiday.

The boy was charged with criminal damage after setting fire to his girlfriend’s house.

physical harm that is done to something or to a part of someone’s body, so that it is broken or injured

These chemicals have been found to cause serious environmental damage.

经发现，这些化学物质会给环境造成严重破坏。

His eyesight suffered irreparable damage.

他的视力受到了无法修复的损伤。

harm caused to someone’s emotions or mind

The death of a parent can cause long-lasting [psychological damage](bold).

丧父或丧母可能会造成长久的心理创伤。

The damage to his reputation was considerable.

他的名誉受到很大的损害。

The closure of the factory will cause severe damage to the local economy.

这家工厂若关闭将会严重影响当地的经济。

the attempts at political damage control during the scandal

丑闻期间控制政治上不良影响的努力

money that a court orders someone to pay to someone else as a punishment for harming them or their property

The court awarded him £15,000 in damages.

法院判给他1.5万英镑的损害赔偿金。

used to say that something bad has happened which makes it impossible to go back to the way things were before it happened

已造成的伤害无法挽回，木已成舟

She immediately apologized, but the damage was done.

她立即道歉，但伤害已无法挽回。

used humorously to ask how much you have to pay for something


damage

to cause physical harm to something or someone, or have a bad effect on them

Several buildings were damaged by the earthquake.

They use chemicals that will harm the environment.

to have a bad effect on something and make it less successful, enjoyable, useful etc

We didn’t let the rain spoil our holiday.

Local people say the new buildings will spoil the view.

to deliberately damage buildings, vehicles, or public property

All the public telephones in the area had been vandalized.

to secretly damage machines or equipment so that they cannot be used, especially in order to harm an enemy

There is evidence that the airplane was sabotaged.

to deliberately and illegally damage or change a part of something in order to prevent it from working properly

The car’s brakes had been tampered with.

The church had been desecrated by vandals.

to deliberately spoil the appearance of something by writing on it, spraying paint on it etc

Someone had defaced the statue and painted it bright orange.

to cause physical harm to something or to part of someone’s body

损害，损坏，损伤〔某物或某人的身体〕

Smoking can severely damage your health.

to have a bad effect on something or someone in a way that makes them weaker or less successful

The changes in share values have damaged investor confidence.

股价波动削弱了投资者的信心。


damaged

something that is damaged has been harmed or injured

a shampoo for dry or damaged hair(=hair that is in bad condition)

适用于干性或受损发质的洗发液

a damaged person has emotional problems because of bad things that have happened to them in the past

情感受到伤害的，有心理创伤的

She works with emotionally damaged children.

她的工作对象是情感受过伤害的儿童。


damaging

causing physical harm to someone or something

affecting someone or something in a bad way

对他的政策产生负面影响的批评

The loss of jobs was damaging to morale.


damp

slightly wet, especially when this is pleasant or how something should be

The cream helps to keep your skin moist.

slightly wet and sticky, in an unpleasant way – used especially about someone’s skin

slightly wet, especially in a cold unpleasant way

Florida can be very humid in the summer.

warm and damp and making you feel uncomfortable

dank air is cold and damp and smells unpleasant – used especially about the air inside a room

slightly wet, often in an unpleasant way

something that is intended to be exciting, effective etc, but which is disappointing

〔未达到预期效果而〕使人失望的事；湿水爆竹


damp

water in walls or in the air that causes things to be slightly wet


dance

[song and dance about sth](bold) at → [song](->song) sense 4 [lead sb a dance](bold) at → [lead](->lead) 1 sense 19

an organized social event where people to go dance

The dance will be held in the school gym.

a large formal occasion where people dance

The University holds a ball at the end of June.

a formal dance party for high school students, especially in the US, usually held at the end of a school year

a dance at which you must wear formal clothes

He rented a tuxedo to wear to his company’s holiday formal.

a place or social event where people dance to recorded popular music

a place where people go at night to dance

We went out for dinner and then to a club.

The drum is often used in Africa to accompany traditional dances.

(=typical of the ordinary people who live somewhere)

This is one of the oldest folk dances in Greece.

The Tango is Argentina’s national dance.

We watched the group perform some traditional Spanish dances.

(=a set of movements that are part of a dance)

She was practising a complicated dance routine.

(=playing music that people can dance to)

a special set of movements performed to a particular type of music

the traditional dances and music of Russia

Are you going to the dance this weekend?

这个周末你去参加舞会吗？

Claire [did a](bold) little [dance](bold) of excitement.

克莱尔兴奋地跳了几步舞。

乐队正在演奏一支节奏舒缓的舞曲。


dance

[dancing](bold) n. <U> eg: the beauty of her dancing

to move your feet and body in a way that matches the style and speed of music

They danced to Ruby Newman’s orchestra (=the orchestra was playing).

他们随着鲁比·纽曼管弦乐队的演奏跳起舞来。

to dance in performances, especially in ballet

〔尤指在芭蕾舞表演中〕跳（舞）

He danced with the Boston Repertory Ballet.

Nakamura dances several solos in this production.

Pink and white balloons danced in the wind.

粉红色和白色的气球随风舞动。

to do what someone wants you to do – used to show disapproval

听从某人指挥，服从某人差遣〔含贬义〕

At that time, Eastern bloc countries danced to the Soviet tune.

to do everything possible in order to please someone

a movie star with several young men dancing attendance on her

被好几个年轻男子大献殷勤的女电影明星


dancer

Margot Fonteyn, the famous British ballet dancer

玛戈·芳廷，英国著名芭蕾舞演员


danger

the chance that something bad may happen

Smoking greatly increases the risk of lung cancer.

the possibility that something very bad will happen

the only way to reduce the threat of nuclear war

something that may be dangerous or cause accidents or problems

The public was not in danger at any time.

It was clear that the ship was in grave danger of sinking.

John is still in hospital but he is out of danger.

Firemen put their own lives in danger as part of their job.

Their journey was long and fraught with danger.

The plane’s crew were now in mortal danger.

The passengers on the boat were not in immediate danger.

Gloves should be worn because of the potential danger of infection.

Many sports involve some physical danger.

Today’s police officers face danger every day.

The animal lifted its head, sensing danger.

Most birds will warn other birds when danger threatens.

At last the sound of bombing had stopped and the danger had passed.

People living in the danger area have been told to leave.

the possibility that someone or something will be harmed, destroyed, or killed

危险！船只不可越过此处。

The refugees believe that their lives are [in danger](bold).

难民认为他们有生命危险。

The danger of a fire in the home increases during the holidays.

节假日期间，家庭火灾风险增加。

The public was not aware of the danger from nuclear tests in Nevada.

公众对内华达州进行核试验的危险性并不了解。

the possibility that something bad will happen

〔坏事发生的〕可能性，危险

The party is in danger of being defeated in the next election.

该党面临下次大选被击败的危险。

There is a danger that museums will attempt to entertain rather than educate.

博物馆有追求娱乐功能而忽视教育功能的不良趋势。

to guard against the danger of becoming isolated

He didn’t look pleased, but she ignored the danger signals.

他看上去不高兴了，但她忽视了这些危险信号。

something or someone that may harm or kill you

这艘沉船对其他船只是个威胁。

used to say that something will not happen

There’s no danger of Darren ever getting up early.


dangerous

likely to cause death or serious harm, or cause something bad to happen

Snow and ice are making driving conditions very dangerous.

if something is risky, something bad could easily happen or you could easily make a mistake

Doctors said it was too risky to operate.

dangerous – used especially about substances, jobs, and journeys

dangerous because someone is very likely to be hurt – used especially about places or conditions

places or conditions that are treacherous are very dangerous for anyone who is walking, driving, climbing etc in them

The snow turned to ice, making conditions treacherous for walkers.

With no lighting, the roads can be treacherous.

a perilous journey, situation etc is very dangerous

a high-risk job, situation, or behaviour is likely to be dangerous

Drug users need to know that sharing needles is high-risk behaviour.

Some of these prisoners are extremely dangerous.

这些囚犯中有些极为危险。

The crumbling sidewalks are dangerous for old people.

破损的人行道对老人来说很危险。

The virus is probably not dangerous to humans.

这种病毒对人类可能没有危害。

It’s dangerous for a woman to walk alone at night.

女子一个人走夜路有危险。

The powdered milk was not as good as breast milk, and was [downright dangerous](bold)(=actually dangerous) when it was mixed with unclean water.

involving a lot of risk, or likely to cause problems

The business is in a dangerous financial position.

这家企业的财务状况危急。

a situation or subject that could make someone very angry or upset

容易得罪人的处境；危险话题

Teachers can be on dangerous ground if they discuss religion.

教师讨论宗教可能会引发争议。


dangerously

The boat was [dangerously close](bold) to the rocks.

He’s suffering from dangerously high blood pressure.

I am used to [living dangerously](bold)(=doing things that involve risks).

我习惯了危险的生活方式。

She was found guilty of driving dangerously.


dangle

to hang or swing loosely, or to make something do this

（使）悬垂，（使）吊着，（使）悬荡

A light bulb dangled from a wire in the ceiling.

一只灯泡悬吊在天花板的一根电线上。

I dangled my feet in the clear blue water.

我把双脚悬在清澈碧蓝的水中荡来荡去。

to offer something good to someone, in order to persuade them to do something

用某事物吸引[诱惑]某人

A good pay package and a company car were dangled in front of her.

优厚的薪酬包和公司配车诱惑着她。


dare

You say that someone [dares to](bold)  do something: Karen dared to ask why. Not many people dared to argue.

[Dare](bold)  can also be used as a modal verb, followed by the base form (= infinitive without ‘to’) , especially in negatives and questions: Not many people dared argue. Dare we go back?

Don’t use a ‘to’ infinitive with [daren’t](bold) . You say: I daren’t look.
Don’t say: [I daren’t to look.](strike)

[Dare](bold)  is not used in the progressive. You say: I daren’t say anything.
Don’t say: [I am not daring say anything.](strike)

to be brave enough to do something that is risky or that you are afraid to do – used especially in questions or negative sentences

胆敢，敢于〔做危险的或害怕做的事情，尤用于疑问句或否定句〕

He wanted to ask her, but he didn’t dare.

“我要告诉爸爸。” “谅你也不敢！”

Only a few journalists dared to cover the story.

只有少数几个记者敢于报道这一事件。

She hardly dared hope that he was alive.

她几乎不敢抱希望他还活着。

said to show that you are very angry and shocked about what someone has done or said

你竟敢，你怎么敢〔表示对他人行为、言辞的愤怒和震惊〕

said to warn someone not to do something because it makes you angry

你敢！〔用于警告某人不要做某事以免惹你生气〕

to try to persuade someone to do something dangerous or embarrassing as a way of proving that they are brave

They dared Ed to steal a bottle of his father’s whiskey.

那么跳呀，我看你敢不敢。

used when saying something that you think people may not accept or believe

据愚见〔用于说出可能不被认可或相信的事〕

I thought the play was, dare I say it, boring.

依我的浅见，这部戏枯燥乏味。

used when saying or agreeing that something may be true


dare

something dangerous that you have dared someone to do

for a dare [BrE](bold) on a dare [AmE](bold) (=because someone has dared you to)

因为受到激将，她跑过了一条车流穿梭的马路。


daring

involving a lot of risk or danger, or brave enough to do risky things

new or unusual in a way that may shock people


daring

courage that makes you willing to take risks


dark

if a place is dark, there is little or no light

No, you can’t play outside, it’s too dark.

It was a dark night with clouds covering the moon.

a dimly-lit building or place is fairly dark because the lights there are not very bright

The camera can take good pictures even in dim lighting.

a darkened room or building is darker than usual, especially because its lights have been turned off or the curtains have been drawn

The play starts with a darkened stage, and the sound of a woman singing softly.

a gloomy place or room is not at all bright or cheerful

The bar was gloomy and smelled of stale cigar smoke.

dark and difficult to see through – used especially about water

I could hardly see him in the murky light of the bar.

completely dark, so that nothing can be seen

a shady place is cooler and darker than the area around it, because the light of the sun cannot reach it

[comparative](italic) [darker](bold) [superlative](italic) [darkest](bold)

if it is dark, there is little or no light

教堂里黑魆魆的，寂静无声。

Suddenly, the room [went dark](bold)(=became dark).

[It gets dark](bold)(=night begins) about ten o'clock.

[It was](bold) still [dark](bold)(=was night) when we boarded the train.

我们上火车时天还是黑的。

It was [pitch dark](bold)(=completely dark) in the attic.

someone who is dark has hair, eyes, or skin that is brown or black in colour

〔头发、眼睛或皮肤〕褐色的，黑色的

身材高大、皮肤黝黑的男人

约翰的深色皮肤和褐色眼睛

[keep sth dark](bold) BrE(=keep something secret)

Apparently, he has a son, but he’s kept that very dark.

据说他有个儿子，但他把这件事藏得很隐秘。

There was a darker side to his character.

他的性格里有阴暗的一面。

a place where so many dark deeds had been committed

Even in the darkest moments, I still had you, my love.

即使在最无望的时候我还有你，亲爱的。

if you have dark feelings or thoughts, you are very sad or worried

dark humour deals with things that are bad or upsetting in a funny way

the dark humor common in difficult situations

the parts of Africa etc about which we know very little – this use is now often considered offensive

非洲/南美等鲜为人知的地方〔这一用法现常被认为具冒犯性〕


dark

[a shot in the dark](bold) at → [shot](->shot) 1 sense 10

when there is no light, especially because the sun has gone down

I turned off the light and lay there in the dark.

我关了灯，在黑暗中躺在那儿。

We stood outside in the [pitch dark](bold)(=when there is no light at all).

after, before, or until the sun goes down at night

天黑以后/天黑以前/直到天黑

knowing nothing about something important, because you have not been told about it

We’re in the dark just as much as you are.

我们和你们一样，什么都不知道。

College officials were [kept in the dark](bold) about the investigation.

此次调查丝毫未向学院行政人员透露。


darken

to become dark, or to make something dark

The sky darkened and a few drops of rain fell.

天色变暗，落下几滴雨来。

to become less hopeful or positive, or to make something like this

（使）变得不乐观，（使）消极

他越喝越醉，心情也阴郁起来。

if someone’s face darkens, they start to look angry

上校读着读着，脸色阴沉下来。

said when you do not want to see someone again – now used humorously

别再让我见到你〔现为幽默用法〕


darkness

It was late and all the houses in the village were in total darkness.

We ended up coming down the mountain in pitch darkness.

All around her was the deep darkness of a winter night.

The garden was almost invisible now in the gathering darkness.

As darkness fell, rescue workers had to give up the search.

The rain turned to snow and darkness closed in.

(=be suddenly in darkness because the lights go out)

Suddenly the electricity went off and we were plunged into darkness.

Desert animals come out during the hours of darkness when its cool.

(=when darkness makes you less likely to be seen)

The attack was planned to take place under cover of darkness.

the long hours of darkness during winter

The lamp suddenly went out, leaving us in darkness.

灯突然熄灭，我们陷于一片黑暗中。

We lit our campfire [as darkness fell](bold)(=it became night).

夜幕降临，我们点起了篝火。

He stared out the window at [the gathering darkness](bold)(=the night slowly coming).

他凝视着窗外渐浓的夜色。

His smooth manner covered a heart of darkness.

他圆滑的举止下隐藏着一颗阴险的心。

[the forces/powers of darkness](bold)(=the devil or evil people)


darling

亲爱的，宝贝〔称呼心爱的人〕

看呀，亲爱的，玛丽来了。

the most popular person or thing in a particular group or area of activity

…的红人， …的宠儿〔某一团体或领域中最受欢迎的人或事物〕


darling

used when you think someone or something is attractive


dart

to move suddenly and quickly in a particular direction

Jill darted forward and pulled him away from the fire.

吉尔冲上前把他从火边拉开。

to look at someone or something very quickly

Tom darted a terrified glance over his shoulder at his pursuers.

汤姆惊恐地回头朝追赶他的人瞥了一眼。


dart

a small pointed object that is thrown or shot as a weapon, or one that is thrown in the game of darts

a game in which darts are thrown at a round board with numbers on it

a sudden quick movement in a particular direction

The prisoner [made a dart for](bold) the door.

突然的一阵内疚/惊慌/疼痛等

a small fold put into a piece of clothing to make it fit better


dash

→see THESAURUS at [hurry](->hurry) 1   →see THESAURUS at [run](->run) 1

Olive dashed into the room, grabbed her bag, and ran out again.

奥利芙冲进屋，抓起她的手提袋，又跑了出来。

to disappoint someone by telling them that what they want is not possible

使某人的希望破灭，让某人失望

Hopkins’ hopes were dashed when his appeal was denied.

霍普金斯的上诉被拒后，他的希望破灭了。

used to tell someone that you must leave quickly

Anyway, I must dash – I said I’d meet Daniel at eight.

好了，我得赶紧走了，我约好了八点钟和丹尼尔见面。

to throw or push something violently against something, especially so that it breaks

Waves were dashing against the sea wall.

used to show that you are slightly annoyed or angry about something

讨厌！〔表示有些厌烦或生气〕


dash

The rain had almost stopped so we decided to make a dash for home.

(=run very quickly to escape or to reach a place)

He turned and made a dash for it but the police officer caught him.

Have I got time to make a quick dash to the shops?

(=very fast, usually because you are worried about something)

‘Something’s burning’, she said, making a mad dash for the kitchen.

I made a headlong dash up the street but just missed the bus.

(=very fast, because you have very little time remaining)

We only just caught our plane, after a last-minute dash to the airport.

a small amount of a substance that is added to something else

〔添加物质的〕少许，少量

加盐、胡椒，再加一点点醋。

a small amount of a quality that is added to something else

〔添加特性的〕一点点，少量

Add a dash of romance to your life with a trip to Paris.

去巴黎旅行一次，给生活增添一丝浪漫。

an occasion when someone runs somewhere very quickly in order to get away from something or someone, or in order to reach them

囚犯们拔腿飞奔，想要逃脱。

It’s pouring with rain – we’ll have to [make a dash for it](bold).

下大雨了——我们得赶紧跑。

When the alarm went there was a [mad dash](bold) for the exit.

警报响起，人们疯狂地冲向出口处。

a line ( – ) used in writing to separate two closely related parts of a sentence, as for example, in the sentence ‘Go home – they’re waiting for you.’

a long sound or flash of light used for sending messages in Morse code

style, energy, and courage in someone such as a soldier

to look very impressive and attractive in particular clothes

〔穿着特定衣服时〕引人注目，漂亮

With her new image, she’ll certainly cut a dash on her holiday cruise.

以她新的形象，她肯定会在乘游轮度假时吸引人们的目光。


data

ˈdeɪtə, ˈdɑːtə

ˈdeɪtə, ˈdɑːtə

It’s important to ensure that the data we collect is accurate.

It’s difficult to collect factual data on these insects.

My research involves analyzing the historical data.

It is difficult to compare statistical data from different countries.

(=based on tests or experience, not on ideas)

The theory is supported by empirical data.

Survey data show that people’s participation in sports rises with their level of income.

(=data that has been collected, but not organized or studied)

This system does no more than produce the raw data.

Digital cameras transfer pictures and sound into computer data.

The survey data has been collected over the last three decades.

The data is stored on a computer in our central office.

(=store and organize it using computers)

Newer computers can process data much more quickly.

The researchers then began analyzing the data.

The data shows that suicide rates among young men have increased over the last twenty years.

Our data indicates that weather patterns are likely to get more extreme.

(=a large amount of data stored in a computer system)

We can compare insurance prices from different companies on the database.

Choosing the right method of data collection will be crucial to the experiment’s success.

(=using computers to store and organize information)

They’ve got a very efficient system for data processing.

Computers are increasingly used for data analysis.

The three sets of data produced strikingly different results.

Every single piece of data is important.

There is an enormous body of data in support of the theory.

The research involves collecting data from two random samples.

该项研究需要从两个随机样本里收集资料。

In everyday English, [data](bold)  is usually followed by a singular verb: The data[ is](bold) collected by trained interviewers.

In academic or very formal English, a plural verb is used: These data [are](bold) summarized in Table 5.

When talking about one fact or piece of information, you say a [piece of data](bold) : This is a useful piece of data.
Don’t say: [datas](strike)

information in a form that can be stored and used, especially on a computer

〔能储存、使用的〕资料，〔尤指计算机中的〕数据

It’s possible to store a lot more data on a DVD.


database

a large amount of data stored in a computer system so that you can find and use it easily

〔存储在计算机系统中的〕数据库，资料库

存储在数据库内的客户详细信息


date

→ [closing date](->closing date) [expiry date](bold) at → [expiry](->expiry) sense 2 → [out-of-date](->out-of-date) → [sell-by date](->sell-by date) → [up-to-date](->up-to-date)

I can’t remember the exact date we moved into this house.

The work was not finished by the agreed date.

(=the last day you can officially do something)

The closing date for applications is April 30th.

(=the date by which something is due to happen)

(=a date on which goods will be delivered)

The delivery date should be around 23rd August.

We are aiming at a publication date of mid-November.

My departure date was only a few days away.

(=a date on a product after which it cannot be used)

Check the expiry date on your credit card.

(=a date on a food product after which it should not be sold)

Those yoghurts are a week past their sell-by date.

(=choose the date when something will happen)

Have you decided on a date for the wedding yet?

(=decide the date when something will happen)

They haven’t set a date for the election yet.

Don’t forget to put today’s date at the top of the letter.

(=the day and year when someone was born)

the date of publication/issue/departure etc

The insurance will only cover costs incurred on or after the date of departure.

a particular day of the month or year, especially shown by a number

The date on the letter was 30th August 1962.

信上的日期是1962年8月30日。

You should apply at least 8 weeks before your date of departure.

你应该至少在出发前八周提出申请。

Have you set a date for the wedding yet?

The details will be agreed at a later date.

The cost of the work to date has been about £150 million.

到目前为止这项工作花费了大约1.5亿英镑。

Her best performance to date was her third place at the World Junior Championships.

迄今为止她最好的成绩是在世界青少年锦标赛上获得第三名。

an occasion when you go out with someone that you like in a romantic way

I’ve got a date with Andrea tomorrow night.

明晚我和安德烈亚有约会。

I felt like a teenager [going out on a](bold) first [date](bold).

我感觉就像第一次去赴约会的少年一样。

我可以把恋人带到聚会上来吗？

a time arranged to meet someone, especially socially

〔尤指社交性质的〕会面时间

Let’s [make a date](bold) to come over and visit.

我们定个时间前去拜访吧。

a sweet sticky brown fruit with a long hard seed inside


date

一份日期为1963年11月23日的报纸

Make sure you sign and date it at the bottom.

一定要在底下签上姓名和日期。

to find out when something old was made or formed

The rocks are dated by examining the fossils found in the same layer.

岩石的年代通过检测在同一岩层里发现的化石来鉴定。

if clothing, art etc dates, it begins to look old-fashioned

His designs are so classic, they’ve hardly dated at all.

他的设计太经典了，一点也不过时。

to have a romantic relationship with someone

克里斯在和利兹谈恋爱吗？

if something that you say, do, or wear dates you, it shows that you are fairly old

Yes, I remember the Moon landings – that dates me, doesn’t it?

是的，我记得登月事件——暴露年龄了，是不是？


dated

→see THESAURUS at [old-fashioned](->old-fashioned)

那件连衣裙现在看起来有点过时了。


daughter

她有两个女儿和一个儿子。


daunting

frightening in a way that makes you feel less confident

→see THESAURUS at [difficult](->difficult)

The trip seemed rather daunting for a young girl.

这次旅行会让一个年轻姑娘心生胆怯。

He’s got the [daunting task](bold) of following in Ferguson’s footsteps.

他面临继承弗格森事业的艰巨任务。

the [daunting prospect](bold) of asking for a loan


dawn

the time at the beginning of the day when light first appears

When [dawn broke](bold)(=the first light of the day appeared), we were still 50 miles from Calcutta.

破晓的时候，我们离加尔各答还有50英里。

I was up [at the crack of dawn](bold)(=very early in the morning) to get the plane.

We worked [from dawn to dusk](bold)(=through the whole day while it is light).

the time when something began or first appeared

→see THESAURUS at [beginning](->beginning)

People have been falling in love since the dawn of time.

something that seems positive or hopeful but really is not

There was talk of share prices recovering, but that was just a false dawn.

有人说股价会回升，但那不过是镜花水月而已。


dawn

The morning dawned fresh and clear after the storm.

暴风雨过后，破晓时天朗气清。

if a period of time or situation dawns, it begins

if a feeling or idea dawns, you have it for the first time

[It](bold) began to [dawn that](bold) something was wrong.

开始意识到有什么地方不对劲。


day

[at the end of the day](bold) at → [end](->end) 1 sense 11 [call it a day](bold) at → [call](->call) 1 sense 10 [carry the day](bold) at → [carry](->carry) 1 sense 22 [the early days](bold) at → [early](->early) 1 sense 1 [every dog (has) its day](bold) at → [dog](->dog) 1 sense 11 [the good old days](bold) at → [old](->old) sense 8 → [half day](->half day) [have a field day](bold) at → [field day](->field day) sense 1 [it’s early days](bold) at → [early](->early) 1 sense 3 [it’s (a little) late in the day](bold) at → [late](->late) 1 sense 8 [it’s sb’s lucky day](bold) at → [lucky](->lucky) sense 5 [(live to) see the day](bold) at → [see](->see) 1 sense 22 [name the day](bold) at → [name](->name) 2 sense 6 → [open day](->open day) [save the day](bold) at → [save](->save) 1 sense 12 → [speech day](->speech day) → [sports day](->sports day)

Something happens [on](bold)  a particular day: We met on our first day at college.
Don’t say: [in our first day](strike)

You use [in the day](bold)  when saying that something happens regularly during the time between dawn and sunset: It gets very hot in the day. She works at night and sleeps in the day.
Don’t say: [She sleeps on the day.](strike)

[By day](bold)  is very similar in meaning to[ in the day](bold) . It is used especially to make a contrast between the night and the day: He’s an office worker by day and a club DJ by night.

If you do something [all day](bold) , you do it during all or most of the time between dawn and sunset: We’ve been driving all day. The restaurant serves food all day.
Don’t say: [all the day](strike)

The museum is open to visitors every day.

Similar student protests took place on the same day in other towns.

(=the day after something happened in the past)

The story was in the newspaper the following day.

(=the day before something happened in the past)

I had been to the doctor the previous day.

(=a day when something important is arranged to take place)

Just before the big day the team was training 6 days a week.

(=a day when an event that is historically important happens)

This was a historic day for the space program.

It’s a school day tomorrow, so you need an early night.

(=the day when an election, market etc takes place)

What day of the week is Christmas Day this year?

She wanted everything to be perfect for her wedding day.

We arrived in France the day before yesterday.

How about meeting for lunch the day after tomorrow?

In Cairo, the streets are busy 24 hours a day.

(=used when saying how much someone earns or is paid each day)

(=in which things have happened in the way you want)

(=in which things have happened in a way you do not want)

It was a beautiful day yesterday, wasn’t it?

Sit down – you look as though you’ve had a hard day.

I got up at 5 this morning so it’s been a long day.

Simon looked as if he’d had a bad day at the office.

I spent the day shopping with my friends.

(=do something at the beginning of a day)

You should start the day with a good breakfast.

We ended the day at a little restaurant by the beach.

(=used when saying goodbye to someone in a friendly way)

“今天星期几？” “星期五。”

We’ll have to hold the party on a different day.

我们只得改天举办聚会了。

(on) that/the following/the previous day (=during a particular day)

What really happened on that day so long ago?

那么久以前的那一天究竟发生了什么？

Over 10,000 soldiers died on that one day in January.

在一月份的那一天死了一万多名士兵。

I saw Jane [the day before yesterday](bold).

We’re leaving for New York [the day after tomorrow](bold).

I got an email from Sue [the other day](bold)(=a few days ago).

前几天，我收到休发来的一封电子邮件。

Women generally use up about 2,000 calories [a day](bold)(=each day).

女性一般每天消耗大约2,000卡路里。

the period of time between when it gets light in the morning and when it gets dark

She only leaves her house during the day.

Kept in that dark cell, I could no longer tell whether it was day or night.

我被关在那个漆黑的牢房里，不知是白天还是黑夜。

She first met Steve on a cold but sunny day in March.

她第一次见到史蒂夫是在三月里的一天，那天天气寒冷但是阳光明媚。

Owls usually sleep by day and hunt by night.

猫头鹰通常白天睡觉，夜晚猎食。

The [day dawned](bold)(=started) bright and clear.

the time during the day when you are awake and active

Jackie starts the day with a few gentle exercises.

杰基会做些舒缓的运动，开始一天的生活。

Sometimes I feel I just can’t face another day.

有时候我感觉无法面对新一天的生活。

It’s been [a long day](bold)(=used when you have been awake and busy for a long time).

一整天都在学习，我感到筋疲力尽！

the time you spend doing your job during a 24-hour period

Rail workers are campaigning for a shorter [working day](bold).

铁路工人在发起运动要求缩短工作时间。

I’ve got a [day off](bold)(=a day when I do not have to go to work) tomorrow.

I knew him pretty well from his days as a DJ in the Bounty Club (=from when he was a DJ).

我从他在仁爱俱乐部当打碟师那时候起就和他很熟了。

I always used to do the cooking in the [early days](bold) of our marriage.

我们刚结婚那时候总是我做饭。

Not much was known about the dangers of smoking [in those days](bold)(=then).

那时候人们对吸烟的危害所知甚少。

They were very much opposed to the government [of the day](bold)(=that existed then).

他们极力反对当时的政府。

[One day](bold)(=on a day in the past), a mysterious stranger called at the house.

一天，有个神秘的陌生人登门拜访。

[From day one](bold)(=from the beginning), I knew I wouldn’t get on with him.

从一开始我就知道我和他合不来。

[In my day](bold)(=in the past, when I was young), kids used to have some respect for their elders.

我们那时候小孩子都尊敬长辈。

[in sb’s student/army/childhood etc days](bold)(=in the past when someone was a student etc)

I used to run six miles a day in my army days.

我当兵的时候每天跑六英里。

[those were the days](bold) [spoken](special)(=used to talk about a time in the past you think was better than now)

We used to stay in bed all morning and party all night. Those were the days!

以前我们常常整个上午不起床，还通宵玩乐。那些日子真是好啊！

used to talk about the situation that exists now

I don’t do much exercise [these days](bold)(=now).

It’s incredible that such attitudes still exist [in this day and age](bold)(=used to express disapproval that something still exists now).

现在还存在这种看法，真令人难以置信。

[To this day](bold)(=until and including now), he denies any involvement in the crime.

至今他仍然否认和这宗罪案有任何瓜葛。

[up to/until/to the present day](bold)(=until and including now)

This tradition has continued right up until the present day.

这一传统一直延续到现在。

[one day/some day](bold)(=some time in the future)

I’d like to go and visit the States one day.

有朝一日我们或许会让他明白事理的。

[One of these days](bold)(=some time soon) I’m going to walk right out of here and never come back.

不久我要离开这里，再也不回来了。

Kelly’s expecting the baby [any day now](bold)(=very soon).

[The day will come](bold)(=the time will come) when he won’t be able to care for himself anymore.

总有一天他会无法照顾自己的。

a successful period of time in someone’s life or in something’s existence

My uncle was a famous radio personality [in his day](bold)(=at the time he was most successful).

我叔叔在最风光的时候是广播电台的名人。

Don’t be too disappointed you didn’t win – your [day will come](bold)(=you will be successful in the future).

不要因为没有获胜就太过失望，你成功的时刻会来的。

Game shows like that [have had](bold) their [day](bold)(=were successful in the past, but are not anymore).

那种游戏节目曾经风光一时。

a day on which a particular event or celebration takes place

独立日/选举日/圣诞日等

Rioting broke out just three days before polling day.

就在投票日前三天发生了骚乱。

It’s two years to the day since he died.

used to say that someone or something will not exist for much longer

It seems that the hospital’s days are numbered.

continuously for a long time in a way that is annoying or boring

I couldn’t stand sitting at a desk day after day.

我忍受不了日复一日地坐在办公桌前。

(also: [from one day to the next](bold) )

if a situation changes from day to day or from one day to the next, it changes often

天天，每天〔指情况经常变化〕

I never know from day to day what I’m going to be doing.

我每天都不知道自己接下来做什么。

His moods swung wildly from one day to the next.

他的情绪一天天起伏很大。

→ [day-to-day](->day-to-day) [live from day to day](bold) at → [live](->live) 1 sense 5

一天天，逐日，渐渐地，慢慢地

Being together night and day can put a great pressure on any relationship.

日日夜夜在一起，任何一段关系都会感到很有压力。

a trip you make for pleasure on a particular day

A visit to the caves makes a fascinating and exciting day out for all the family.

参观洞穴有趣又刺激，适合全家一日游。

to be less successful or happy than usual, for no particular reason

表现不佳；状态不好；不顺心

Even the greatest athletes have their off days.

哪怕是最伟大的运动员也有状态不佳的时候。

Hearing her voice on the phone really made my day.

在电话里听到她的声音真令我高兴。

a soup, meal etc that a restaurant serves on a particular day in addition to the meals they always offer

〔餐馆〕当日特别推荐的汤/菜/鱼等

if something difficult, unpleasant, or unusual is all in a day’s work for someone, it is a normal part of their job

(also: [take it one day at a time](bold) )

to deal with something as it happens and not worry about the future

Since I had the accident, I’ve learned to take each day as it comes.

自从遭遇那次事故后，我就学会了一切顺其自然。

a time when you have to deal with the bad results of something you did in the past

报应来临的日子，秋后算账的日子

used to say that everything seems to be going wrong

used when several unpleasant things have happened to someone in one day

It wasn’t Chris’s day – he overslept and then his car broke down.

这天克里斯很倒霉——他先是睡过了头，然后他的汽车又坏了。

to spend all day doing something for pleasure

If the weather’s nice, we’ll make a day of it and take a picnic.

如果天气好的话，我们就去野餐，好好地玩上一天。

used when warning someone that if they try to do something, you will enjoy stopping, defeating, or punishing them etc. This phrase was made popular by Clint Eastwood in the film ‘Dirty Harry’.

让我高兴高兴〔用于警告对方，要是试图做某事，你将乐意将其阻止、打败或加以惩罚。这一短语因克林特·伊斯特伍德在影片《辣手神探夺命枪》中说过而流行起来〕

used to say that you think something is very unlikely to happen

‘Bill says he’s going to start going to the gym.’ ‘That’ll be the day!’

“比尔说他要开始去健身房了。” “那可真是稀奇了。”

used to say that you want someone to do something faster because you do not have enough time to wait for them to finish

我/我们没有很多时间〔用于要求某人加紧做事，因为你没有时间等他们做完〕

used to say that something does not happen often and is therefore very special

Let’s go out and celebrate. After all, it’s not every day you get a new job.

我们出去庆祝一下吧，毕竟找到新工作可不是天天都有的事。

a long time ago, when you were much younger

to work during the day at a job you sometimes have to do at night

上日班〔指这一工作有时要上夜班〕

used to emphasize that someone is at least as old as you are saying

他/她至少有40/50/60岁等〔用于强调〕


daydream

to think about something pleasant, especially when this makes you forget what you should be doing

What are you daydreaming about? There’s work to be done.

你在做什么白日梦？活儿还没干完呢。


daydream

pleasant thoughts you have while you are awake that make you forget what you are doing


daylight

the light produced by the sun during the day

They’re shy animals and don’t often come out in daylight.

它们是胆小的动物，白天不常出来。

The park is open to the public during [daylight hours](bold).

If possible, it’s better to work in natural daylight.

如果条件允许的话，最好在自然日光下工作。

[in broad daylight](bold) at → [broad](->broad) 1 sense 7

if you put daylight between yourself and someone else, you make the distance or difference between you larger

Now the team need to put some daylight between themselves and their rivals for the championship.

现在球队需要与争冠对手拉开一些差距。

scare/frighten the (living) daylights out of sb

It scared the living daylights out of me when the flames shot out.

火焰喷射出来，吓得我魂飞魄散。

beat/knock the (living) daylights out of sb

to hit someone a lot and seriously hurt them

a situation in which something costs you a lot more than is reasonable

明目张胆地索取高价，光天化日之下敲竹杠

£2.50 for a cup of coffee? It’s daylight robbery!


daytime

the time during the day between the time when it gets light and the time when it gets dark

Can I take your [daytime telephone number](bold)(=the number of the telephone you use during the day)?

你能把你的日间电话号码给我吗？


day-to-day

day-to-day jobs or activities are ones that you do every day as a normal part of your life, your job etc

日常[常规]工作/事务/生活等

The manager is responsible for the [day-to-day running](bold) of the hotel.

经理负责酒店的日常管理工作。

planning for only one day at a time, usually because you are unable to plan for longer

I see a counsellor and can now handle life on a [day-to-day basis](bold).

我去心理顾问处进行咨询，现在好歹能把日子一天天过下去。


dazzle

if a very bright light dazzles you, it stops you from seeing properly for a short time

As children, we were dazzled by my uncle’s good looks and charm.

小时候，我叔叔的英俊外表和魅力令我们倾倒。


dead

[(as) dead as a dodo](bold) at → [dodo](->dodo) sense 3 → [dead ringer](->dead ringer)

dead – use this as a polite way of talking about someone who has died, especially recently

a gold Cartier bracelet that once belonged to the late American artist Andy Warhol

Her parents, now deceased, disapproved of her marriage.

They were friends of the deceased the person who died.

dead – used in order to be polite and avoid saying the word ‘dead’

They paid their respects to their departed uncle.

dead – used especially when someone was alive not long before

If I’m late, Mum worries that I’m lying dead somewhere.

He was jailed for life for shooting dead a burglar.

(=result in someone dying – used especially in news reports)

The shooting left at least 28 people dead.

The men beat him and ran away, leaving him for dead.

(=to say officially that someone is dead)

She was pronounced dead at the scene of the accident.

(=used when someone is missing and people are worried that they are dead)

Hundreds of people are feared dead in a ferry disaster.

(=used when someone is missing and people think they are certainly dead)

The two boys have not been seen since they fell into the river, and are now presumed dead.

A person is declared clinically dead when the brain stops working.

A dead body has been found in the woods.

All those people I knew then are long dead now.

Let’s face it, we’ll all be dead and gone soon.

(=very badly hurt or ill and almost dead)

He was swept up onto a beach after three days at sea, more dead than alive.

Police are trying to contact the family of the dead man.

警方在设法联系死者的家属。

the [dead body](bold) of a young soldier

Two men were [shot dead](bold) by terrorists.

两名男子遭恐怖分子枪杀。

Magnus was [found dead](bold) in his car.

马格努斯被人发现死在他自己的车里。

One man is still missing, [presumed dead](bold).

仍有一人失踪，被推定已经死亡。

He suddenly had a heart attack and [dropped dead](bold).

She was [pronounced dead on arrival](bold) at the hospital.

到达医院时她被宣告已经死亡。

His fellow climbers had [left](bold) him [for dead](bold) on the mountain.

他的登山伙伴把他遗弃在山上等死。

We didn’t know if she was dead or alive.

When they found him he was [more dead than alive](bold).

他们发现他的时候，他已奄奄一息。

→ Do not confuse [dead](bold), which is an adjective, with [died](bold), which is the past tense and past participle of the verb [die](bold)[The man was already dead (NOT The man was already died).](italic)

I picked up the phone but discovered the [line](bold) was [dead](bold).

我拿起电话听筒，却发现没信号。

I think the [batteries](bold) are [dead](bold).

[dead glass/bottle](bold)(=one that someone has finished drinking from in a bar or restaurant)

a place that is dead is boring because there is nothing interesting or exciting happening there

这地方九点以后就死气沉沉了。

The luxury car market has been dead in recent months.

近几个月来豪华汽车市场生意萧条。

a part of your body that is dead has no feeling in it, especially because the blood supply to it has been stopped

〔身体部位〕失去知觉的，麻木的

When I got up my foot had [gone dead](bold) where I’d been sitting on it.

我起来的时候，脚上坐着时压到的地方都麻了。

I can’t go out tonight. I’m absolutely dead!

今晚我出不了门，累死了！

She was [dead on](bold) her [feet](bold) and didn’t have the energy to argue (=used when someone keeps going even though they are very tired).

Better leave Craig – he’s dead to the world.

最好别打扰克雷格——他睡得正熟。

completely or exactly – used to emphasize what you are saying

We all sat waiting in [dead silence](bold)(=complete silence).

我们全都十分安静地坐着等待。

The train came to a [dead stop](bold)(=it stopped completely).

The arrow hit the [dead centre](bold) of the target (=the exact centre).

I’ve given the whole thing up as a [dead loss](bold)(=completely useless or a complete failure).

我认为这件事毫无希望，已经完全放弃了。

John tells me it’s a [dead cert](bold), we can’t lose (=something which will certainly happen, win, succeed etc).

约翰告诉我一定能赢，我们不会输。

He fell to the floor [in a dead faint](bold)(=completely unconscious).

他完全失去了知觉，倒在地板上。

used to say that you are determined not to allow something to happen

除非我死了，决不〔表示坚决不让某事发生〕

used to say that you would never wear particular clothes, go to particular places, or do particular things, because you would feel embarrassed

我决不，我死也不〔指坚决不穿某种衣服、不去某些地方或不做某事，因为觉得难堪〕

I wouldn’t be seen dead in a dress like that!

我死也不会穿那样的连衣裙！

如果妈妈发现这件事，我就死定了。

You’re [in dead trouble](bold) now (=in very serious trouble)!

One word of this to Sam and you’re [dead meat](bold)(=you are in serious trouble and someone is very angry with you)!

这事你要是对萨姆说一个字，你就完蛋了！

an argument, problem, plan etc that is dead and buried is not worth considering again

The old argument about whether the UK should be a member of the EU should now be dead and buried.

if a plan or idea is dead in the water, it is unlikely to continue successfully

used to rudely and angrily tell someone to go away and leave you alone

滚开！别来烦我！〔用于粗鲁、愤怒地叫某人离开，不许来打扰〕

a dead language, for example Latin or Ancient Greek, is no longer used by ordinary people

死语，死语言〔现在普通人不再使用的语言，如拉丁语或古希腊语〕

[living language](bold) at → [living](->living) 1 sense 1

something which stops or slows your progress, especially a strong influence

造成妨碍的某事物；拖后腿的东西

the dead hand of local government bureaucracy

〔行星上〕无生命的，无生物的

when the ball is dead in some games, it is no longer on the playing area