touch

[common touch](bold) at → [common](->common) 1 sense 13 [a/the human touch](bold) at → [human](->human) 1 sense 5 [kick sth into touch](bold) at → [kick](->kick) 1 sense 11 [lose your touch](bold) at → [lose](->lose) sense 1 [magic touch](bold) at → [magic](->magic) 2 sense 5 → [Midas touch](->Midas touch) [a soft touch](bold) at → [soft](->soft) sense 17

the action of putting your hand, finger, or another part of your body on something or someone

She felt a gentle touch on her shoulder.

她感到有人轻轻碰了一下她的肩膀。

He remembered the touch of her fingers on his face.

他还记得她的手指抚摸他脸的感觉。

the sense that you use to discover what something feels like, by putting your hand or fingers on it

Visually impaired people orient themselves by touch.

视力受损的人通过触觉确定方位。

Bake the cake for 30 minutes until risen and firm [to the touch](bold).

蛋糕烤制30分钟，直至膨起且摸上去变硬。

〔谈话或写信〕（与某人）取得联系

We’ll [get in touch](bold)(=start talking or writing to you) as soon as we know the results of the test.

我们一得知测试结果就和你联系。

Can I have your phone number in case I need to [get in touch with](bold) you?

你能告诉我你的电话号码吗？万一我需要联系你呢。

[Are](bold) you still [in touch with](bold) John (=are you talking to him regularly)?

[stay/keep in touch](bold)(=keep writing or talking, even though you do not see each other often)

无论如何，我们必须保持联系。

I met him when I worked in Madrid, and I’ve kept in touch with him ever since.

我是在马德里工作时认识他的，从那以后，我和他一直保持着联系。

I [lost touch with](bold)(=stopped writing or talking to) Julie after we moved.

我们搬家后，我就和朱莉失去了联系。

I can [put](bold) you [in touch with](bold) a local photography club (=give you their address or phone number so you can talk to them).

我可以让你联系当地的一家摄影俱乐部。

If you [stay/keep in touch](bold)  or [keep in contact](bold)  with someone, you keep writing to them or calling them:I hope you'll keep in touch while you're away.

If two things are [in contact](bold)  or [come into contact](bold) , they touch each other: Make sure that the two wires don't come into contact.
Don’t say [in touch](strike)  in this meaning.

to have the latest information or knowledge about something

了解（某事物的）最新情况[知识]

A regular newsletter keeps people in touch with local events.

定期新闻简讯可以让人们了解当地时事。

The speech was good and you felt he was in touch with people’s needs.

这个演讲不错，能看出他了解人们的需求。

Rescuers were kept in touch through radio links.

营救人员通过无线电保持联络。

A head-teacher needs to remain [in close touch with](bold) teachers’ everyday concerns.

校长应该及时了解教师们平时关心的问题。

to not have the latest knowledge about a subject, situation, or the way people feel

不了解（某事），（对某事）很生疏

The party cannot afford to lose touch with political reality.

政党不能不了解政治现实。

不了解现代生活，脱离时代

Judges are often accused of being out of touch.

法官们经常被人指责脱离时代。

to realize and understand something such as your feelings and attitudes

认识到某事物，了解某事物〔如自己的情感、态度等〕

The first stage is to get in touch with your perceptions and accept responsibility for your relationships.

第一步是了解自己的认知，并对人际关系负起责任。

a small detail that improves or completes something

〔细节上的〕润色，修饰，点缀

[put the final/finishing touches to sth](bold)

Emma was putting the finishing touches to the cake.

埃玛在对蛋糕进行最后的修饰。

There was a vase of flowers in the room, which was [a nice touch](bold).

房间里有一瓶花，是个很好的点缀。

Brass pans added a decorative touch to the plain brick wall.

铜锅给单调的砖墙增加了些许装饰。

a particular way of doing something, or the ability to do it in a particular way

The room was decorated with a very artistic touch.

房间装饰得很有艺术气息。

Our staff combine efficient service with a [personal touch](bold)(=they do things in a friendly way).

我们的员工既有高效的服务，又有亲切的态度。

The [feminine touch](bold) was evident throughout the house.

整座房子都透着女性气息。

His [sure touch](bold)(=confident way of doing things) and attention to detail are just as evident now.

他现在还是那样从容自信、一丝不苟。

Barbara has a [magic touch](bold) in the garden (=she grows things very well).

芭芭拉干园艺活的本领可谓神奇。

King obviously hasn’t [lost](bold) his [touch](bold)(=lost his ability) – his latest book sold in the millions.

金显然文才不减当年——他的新书销量达数百万册。

Our furniture is guaranteed to add a touch of class to your bedroom.

我们的家具肯定能为您的卧室增添一些格调。

再穿上一件蕾丝上衣会更迷人。

‘What?’ asked Hazel, with a touch of irritation.

“什么？”黑兹尔语带怒气地问道。

a touch disappointed/faster/impatient etc

有点失望/加快/不耐烦等

He sounded a touch upset when I spoke to him on the phone.

我和他通电话的时候，他听起来有点生气。

used to emphasize that something can be done very easily by pressing a button

This card allows you to access your money at the touch of a button.

这张卡可以让你轻触一个按钮就能取到钱。

You can get all the latest information with the touch of a button.

只要按一下按钮，你就可以得到所有最新信息。

if someone is a soft or an easy touch, you can easily persuade them to do what you want, especially give you money

〔尤指在钱方面〕好说话的人，有求必应的人

the way that something feels and the effect it has on your skin

the area outside the lines that mark the playing area


touchdown

the moment at which a plane or spacecraft lands

〔飞机、航天器的〕降落，着陆

an act of putting the ball down on the ground behind the opposing team’s goal line in rugby

an act of moving the ball across the opposing team’s goal line in American football


touching

making you feel pity, sympathy, sadness etc

令人同情的；感人的，动人的


touching

matters touching the conduct of diplomacy


tough

[comparative](italic) [tougher](bold) [superlative](italic) [toughest](bold)

→see THESAURUS at [difficult](->difficult)

The company admitted that it had been a tough year.

公司承认那是艰难的一年。

The reporters were asking a lot of [tough questions](bold).

记者们问了很多难以回答的问题。

[have a tough time (of it)](bold)(=face a lot of difficult problems)

The family has had a tough time of it these last few months.

最近几个月这家人日子很难熬。

嫁给一个警察日子不好过。

be tough on sb (=cause problems for someone or make their life difficult)

Having to stay indoors all day is tough on a kid.

对于小孩子来说，整天待在屋里不出门是很难熬的。

[It was a tough call](bold)(=a difficult decision), but we had to cancel the game because of the weather.

尽管是一个艰难的决定，但由于天气不好我们只得取消比赛。

I find his books pretty [tough going](bold)(=difficult to read).

Gage predicted the president’s proposal would be a [tough sell](bold)(=something that is difficult to persuade someone about) before Congress.([AmE](bold))

盖奇预言总统的提议在国会很难通过。

[when the going gets tough (the tough get going)](bold) [informal](special)(=used to say that when a situation becomes difficult, strong people take the necessary action to deal with it)

physically or emotionally strong and able to deal with difficult situations

坚强的，顽强的；能吃苦耐劳的

→see THESAURUS at [determined](->determined)

The men who work on the oil rigs are a tough bunch.

在石油钻塔上工作的都是吃苦耐劳的人。

[tough cookie/customer](bold) [informal](special)(=someone who is very determined to do what they want and not what other people want)

[as tough as nails/as tough as old boots](bold)(=very tough)

He’s as tough as nails – a good man to have on the team.

他是个很坚韧的人——队里有他真好。

结实的，不易破损的；坚固的

我母亲对我姐姐十分严厉。

It’s time to [get tough](bold) with drunk drivers.

是该严厉处理酒后驾车的司机了。

The EU is [taking a tough line](bold) with the UK over this issue.

在这一问题上，欧盟对英国的态度很强硬。

a tough part of a town has a lot of crime or violence

〔城区〕暴力犯罪多发的，治安很差的

[tough neighborhood/area/part of town etc](bold)

芝加哥治安很差的一个地区

used when you do not have any sympathy with someone

‘I’m getting wet.’ ‘Tough! You should’ve brought your umbrella.’

“我淋湿了。” “活该！你应该带上雨伞的。”

She didn’t tell us she was coming, so if this screws up her plans that’s just tough.

她没有告诉我们她要来，所以如果这打乱了她的计划，也是活该。

used when you do not have any sympathy for someone’s problems

Well, that’s just their tough luck! It was their mistake.

好啊，活该他们倒霉！那是他们自己的错。

used when you feel sympathy about something bad that has happened to someone

你没有得到那份工作？噢，真不走运！

likely to behave violently and having no gentle qualities

one of football’s most notorious [tough guys](bold)

足球界名声最臭的恶棍之一

切不下的；咬不动的；不嫩的，老的

a way of helping someone to change their behaviour by treating them in a kind but strict way

〔为帮助某人改变行为而采取的〕严厉的爱


tough

someone who often behaves in a violent way


tough

in a way that shows you are very determined

Washington played tough in the second half of the game.

华盛顿队在比赛的下半场表现得十分顽强。

You’re talking tough now but you wait until you get into the interview.

你现在嘴硬，等到你面试时就知道了。


tour

a journey for pleasure, during which you visit several different towns, areas etc

→see THESAURUS at [journey](->journey) 1

[a walking/cycling/sightseeing etc tour](bold)

我们是在意大利乘长途客车旅游时相识的。

a [guided tour](bold) around the Kennedy Space Center

肯尼迪航天中心的导游陪同参观

Kim worked as a [tour guide](bold) in Cambridge last summer.

金去年夏天在剑桥当导游。

a planned journey made by musicians, a sports team etc in order to perform or play in several places

the England cricket team’s tour of India

英格兰板球队的印度巡回赛

The Moscow Symphony Orchestra is here on tour.

莫斯科交响乐团来这里进行巡回演出。

the first [leg of](bold) the band’s European [tour](bold)(=the first part of it)

乐队在欧洲巡回演出的第一站

a period during which you go to live somewhere, usually abroad, to do your job, especially military work

〔尤指军人在外地、通常是国外的〕服役期，任职期

他在北爱尔兰的第三个派驻期

an official visit to a place, institution, group etc in order to check its quality or performance

〔正式的〕视察访问，巡察


tour

to visit several parts of a country or area

We’re touring the Greek islands this summer.

我们今年夏天去希腊的海岛旅游。

The minister had been invited to tour the new factory.

部长受邀到新工厂进行巡视。


tourism

the business of providing things for people to do, places for them to stay etc while they are on holiday

The country depends on tourism for much of its income.

该国的大部分收入依靠旅游业。

travel to a foreign country in order to do a particular thing, especially because you cannot do it in your own country or it is more expensive or less easy there

医疗旅游/性旅游/诽谤（诉讼）旅游等〔尤指因无法在本国做某事或其成本较昂贵、过程较麻烦等而进行的旅行〕


tourist

someone who is visiting a place for pleasure on holiday

The hotel is very popular with tourists.

a weary traveller returning home after a long journey

The building’s luxurious interior will appeal to business travellers.

Paul Theroux, the American traveller, once went from London to India by train.

someone who comes to visit a particular country, area, museum etc

Times Square attracts more than 30 million visitors annually.

The beach was packed with holiday-makers.

75 percent of Alamo's rentals are to vacationers.

a tourist who is visiting a famous or interesting place

Crowds of sightseers come to London every year.

someone who is travelling for pleasure, staying in cheap accommodation and carrying a

a cheap hotel which is used mainly by backpackers

Millions of foreign tourists visit the capital every year.

She saw a crowd of Japanese tourists, cameras at the ready, wandering down the path.

About six million tourists visit the country each year.

Tourists have flocked to the area ever since the TV series was filmed there.

They hope to change the image of the city and attract more tourists.

(=an interesting place for tourists to see or an enjoyable activity for them to do)

Yellowstone National Park is a major tourist attraction.

Egypt became a popular tourist destination in the nineteenth century.

The tourist industry is booming, with more visitors this year than ever before.

(=the period in a year when large numbers of tourists visit a place)

Even in the tourist season the beaches don’t get packed.

The guide was talking to a party of tourists.

Cambridge is always full of tourists in the summer.

剑桥在夏季总是挤满了游客。

The Statue of Liberty is a major [tourist attraction](bold).

自由女神像是主要的旅游景点。

What effect will this have on the local [tourist industry](bold)?

这对当地的旅游业会有什么影响？

Durham, with its cathedral and castle, is a popular tourist centre.

达勒姆有大教堂和城堡，是个十分受欢迎的旅游中心。

someone who travels to a foreign country in order to do a particular thing, especially because they cannot do it in their own country or it is more expensive or less easy there

医疗旅游者/性旅游者/诽谤（诉讼）旅游者


tournament

ˈtʊənəmənt, ˈtɔː-

a competition in which players compete against each other in a series of games until there is one winner

我觉得我能打赢这次锦标赛。

a competition to show courage and fighting skill between soldiers in the Middle Ages

〔中世纪的〕骑士比武大会


tout

to praise something or someone in order to persuade people that they are important or worth a lot

Nell is being touted as the next big thing in Hollywood.

内尔被誉为好莱坞的明日之星。

to try to persuade people to buy goods or services you are offering

兜售，推销（商品或服务）

[tout for business/custom](bold) BrE(=look for customers)

Minicab drivers are not allowed to tout for business.

接受电话预订的出租车司机不得私自拉生意。

to give someone information about a horse in a race


tout

also: [ticket tout](bold)  [n](bold) <[C](bold)> ([BrE](special))

someone who buys tickets for a concert, sports match etc and sells them at a higher price, usually on the street near a sports ground, theatre etc


tow

to pull a vehicle or ship along behind another vehicle, using a rope or chain

The ship had to be towed into the harbor.

那艘轮船不得不被拖进港口。


tow

an act of pulling a vehicle behind another vehicle, using a rope or chain

〔对车船等的〕牵引，拖，拉

你能帮我们把车拖到修车厂吗？

following closely behind someone or something

Hannah arrived with her four kids in tow.

汉娜到了，后面跟着她的四个孩子。

He turned up at my office with two lawyers in tow.

他出现在我的办公室，身后跟着两名律师。

to connect a rope or a chain to a vehicle or ship so that it can be towed

〔用绳索或链条〕拖着〔车或船〕

if a ship is under tow or a car is on tow, it is being pulled along by another vehicle


towards

([especially BrE](special)) [to‧ward](bold) /təˈwɔːd
        tɔːrd, twɔːrd/ ([especially AmE](bold))  [prep](bold)

used to say that someone or something moves, looks, faces etc in the direction of someone or something

向（着），朝（着）〔某个方向〕

He noticed two policemen coming towards him.

他注意到两名警察正朝他走来。

He was standing with his back towards me.

in a process that will produce a particular result

朝，向，接近〔某种结果〕

These negotiations are the first step toward reaching an agreement.

这些谈判是达成协议的第一步。

The crisis continued as Britain drifted towards war.

危机还在继续，英国离战争越来越近。

your feeling, attitude, or behaviour towards someone or something is how you feel or think about them or how you treat them

对于，关于〔指对待某人或某事物的感觉、态度等〕

Brian’s attitude towards his work has always been very positive.

布赖恩的工作态度向来非常积极主动。

Her parents had been more sympathetic towards her.

money put, saved, or given towards something is used to pay for it

The money collected will be put towards repairing the church roof.

募集到的钱款将用于修缮教堂屋顶。

Toward the end of the afternoon it began to rain.

快到傍晚时，天下起了雨。

Uncle Dick and Aunt Mavis live at High Burnton out towards the coast.

迪克叔叔和梅维丝婶婶住在海本顿靠近海边的地方。


towel

→ [paper towel](->paper towel) → [sanitary pad](->sanitary pad) → [tea towel](->tea towel) [throw in the towel](bold) at → [throw](->throw)

a piece of cloth that you use for drying your skin or for drying things such as dishes

你有没有干净毛巾给我用？

She dried her hands on the kitchen towel.


towel

also: [towel down/off](bold)  [v](bold) <[T](bold)>

[past tense and past participle](italic) [towelled](bold) [present participle](italic) [towelling](bold) ([BrE](bold)) [past tense and past participle](italic) [toweled](bold) [present participle](italic) [toweling](bold) ([AmE](bold))

He stood in the doorway, towelling his hair dry.

他站在门口，用毛巾擦干头发。


tower

→ [cooling tower](->cooling tower) → [ivory tower](->ivory tower) → [water tower](->water tower)

a tall narrow building either built on its own or forming part of a castle, church etc

The bell tower was added to the church in 1848.

教堂的钟楼是1848年增建的。

a tall structure, often made of metal, used for signalling, broadcasting etc

〔发送信号、广播等的〕塔台

someone who gives you a lot of help, sympathy, and support when you are in trouble

〔在遇到麻烦时〕可依靠的人，力量的支柱

Her father was a tower of strength to her when her marriage broke up.

在她婚姻破裂的时候，父亲是她的支柱。

a tall piece of furniture that you use to store things


tower

to be much taller than the people or things around you

〔比周围的人或物体〕高出许多；高耸，屹立

to be much better than any other person or organization that does the same thing as you

胜过，超过〔从事同样工作的其他人或机构〕

莫扎特远远超过所有其他作曲家。


town

→ [ghost town](->ghost town) → [home town](->home town) [paint the town (red)](bold) at → [paint](->paint) 2 sense 5

It is one of the UK’s biggest retailers with shops in every major town.

Cannigione is a quiet little town with a scattering of shops, restaurants and cafés.

Johnson grew up in the sleepy retirement town of Asheville.

Visitors can go on a tour of this historic town.

Thousands moved to the newly forming industrial towns to work in the mills.

young people looking for seasonal work in seaside towns

Many provincial towns were transformed by the coming of the railway.

(=a town in Britain where there is a regular outdoor market)

The pretty market town of Ashbourne is only 9 miles away.

He was buried in his home town of Leeds.

(=one of several towns built in Britain since 1946)

The design of Milton Keynes and other new towns proved unpopular.

the center of town/the town center (AmE)

The hotel was right in the center of town.

It was six o'clock when she reached the outskirts of the town.

a large area with houses, shops, offices etc where people live and work, that is smaller than a city and larger than a village

英格兰中部的一座工业城镇

the business or shopping centre of a town

〔市镇的〕商业中心区，闹市区

We’re [going into town](bold) tonight to see a film.

我们今晚要去市中心看电影。

他们在市中心有一套小公寓。

all the people who live in a particular town

The whole town turned out to watch the procession.

全镇的人都出来观看游行队伍。

〔自己居住的〕城镇，城市

Cam [left town](bold) about an hour ago, so he should be out at the farm by now.

卡姆是大约一小时前离开城里的，他现在应该到农场了。

I’ll be [out of town](bold) for about a week.

Guess who’s [in town](bold)? Jodie’s sister!

猜猜谁到城里来了？乔迪的妹妹！

Do you know of a good place to eat? I’m [from out of town](bold)(=from a different town).

你能介绍个吃饭的好地方吗？我是外地人。

我们要搬到城里的另一个地方去。

several houses forming a small group around a church, shops etc

〔围绕某个教堂、商店等形成的〕小乡镇，集镇

Rowayton is a small town of around 4,000 people.

罗威顿是一个4,000人左右的小镇。

城镇生活，城市生活〔统称〕

Which do you prefer, the town or the country?

城市生活和乡村生活，你更喜欢哪一种？

to do something in a very eager or thorough way

Angela really went to town on buying things for her new house.

安杰拉疯狂地给她的新居购置物品。

going to restaurants, bars, theatres etc for entertainment in the evening

〔晚间去娱乐场所〕寻欢作乐

Frank is taking me out for [a night on the town](bold).

弗兰克要带我出去玩一个晚上。

used to describe the situation in which the people living in a town and the students in a town seem to be separate and opposing groups

〔分成两派、相互对立的〕市民和学生


town hall

a public building used for a town’s local government

镇公所，镇政府办公楼，市政厅


toxic

[toxicity](bold) /tɒkˈsɪsəti/ US /tɑːk-/  n. <C,U> eg: The metal has a relatively low toxicity to humans.

containing poison, or caused by poisonous substances

有毒的；由有毒物质引起的

Toxic chemicals were spilled into the river.

money that has been lent to someone that is unlikely to be paid back or bring the lender any profit

有毒的债务/借款/资产〔可能无法偿还或带来任何利益〕

very unpleasant and causing a lot of harm or unhappiness

非常糟糕的；造成伤害[不幸]的

You are clearly in a toxic relationship and you need to get out of it.

你显然正处在一段非常糟糕的恋情中，得摆脱出来才行。


toy

[soft/cuddly toy](bold) BrE(=a toy that looks like an animal and is covered in fur)

Annie was [playing](bold) happily [with](bold) her [toys](bold).

an object that you buy because it gives you pleasure and enjoyment, especially one that you don’t really need

这个食品搅拌器是她最近的“玩具”。

an object that adults use to obtain sexual pleasure


toy

a toy animal or dog is a type of dog that is specially bred to be very small


trace

to find someone or something that has disappeared by searching for them carefully

She had given up all hope of tracing her missing daughter.

她已经完全放弃了寻找失踪女儿的希望。

Police are trying to trace a young woman who was seen near the accident.

警方在设法寻找被目击出现在事故现场附近的一名年轻女子。

to find the origins of when something began or where it came from

They’ve traced their ancestry to Scotland.

他们将自己的世系追溯到苏格兰。

The style of these paintings can be traced back to early medieval influences.

这些绘画的风格可以追溯到中世纪早期的影响。

to study or describe the history, development, or progress of something

研究 …的历史；探索 …的发展；追寻 …的轨迹

Sondheim’s book traces the changing nature of the relationship between men and women.

桑德海姆的这本书研究了男女关系性质的变化。

to copy a drawing, map etc by putting a piece of transparent paper over it and then drawing the lines you can see through the paper

〔用透明纸在图上〕描摹，描绘

to draw real or imaginary lines on the surface of something, usually with your finger or toe

〔用手指或脚趾在物体表面〕画〔线〕，留下〔印迹〕

Rosie’s fingers traced a delicate pattern in the sand.

罗茜用手指在沙地上画出一幅精美的图案。

to find out where a telephone call is coming from by using special electronic equipment

〔利用特殊的电子设备〕追踪电话

His call was traced and half an hour later police arrested him.

他的电话被追踪，半小时后警方就拘捕了他。


trace

[kick over the traces](bold) at → [kick](->kick) 1 sense 19

a small sign that shows that someone or something was present or existed

There was [no trace](bold) of anyone having entered the room since then.

没有任何迹象表明在那以后有人进过这个房间。

Petra’s lost [all trace](bold) of her German accent.

彼得拉已完全没有德国口音。

Officers were unable to find [any trace](bold) of drugs.

警察未能找到毒品的蛛丝马迹。

[disappear/vanish/sink without (a) trace](bold)(=disappear completely, without leaving any sign of what happened)

a very small amount of a quality, emotion, substance etc that is difficult to see or notice

I saw the faintest trace of a smile cross Sandra’s face.

我看到桑德拉的脸上闪过一丝微笑。

a search to find out where a telephone call came from, using special electronic equipment

〔利用特殊电子设备对电话的〕追查，追踪

the mark or pattern made on a screen or on paper by a machine that is recording an electrical signal

〔记录电信号的机器在屏幕或纸上作的〕描记线，描记图

one of the two pieces of leather, rope etc by which a cart or carriage is fastened to an animal pulling it


track

[off the beaten track](bold) at → [beaten](->beaten) sense 1 → [one-track mind](->one-track mind) [be from the wrong side of the tracks](bold) at → [wrong](->wrong) 1 sense 18

a narrow path or road with a rough uneven surface, especially one made by people or animals frequently moving through the same place

〔尤指踩踏出来的〕小道，小路，小径

The road leading to the farm was little more than a [dirt track](bold).

通往农场的路几乎就是条小土路。

a line of marks left on the ground by a moving person, animal, or vehicle

〔人、兽等的〕足迹，痕迹；〔车辆的〕车辙

We followed the tyre tracks across a muddy field.

我们顺着车辙穿过一块泥泞的田地。

The tracks, which looked like a fox’s, led into the woods.

这些足迹看着像是狐狸留下的，一直通向树林里。

a circular course around which runners, cars etc race, which often has a specially prepared surface

To run a mile, you have to run four circuits of the track.

the two metal lines along which trains travel

The track was damaged in several places.

That particular section of track was laid last year.

the particular track that a train leaves from or arrives at

The train for Boston is leaving from track 2.

开往波士顿的列车即将从2号站台发车。

to think in a way that is likely to lead to a correct or incorrect result

We’ve had the initial test results and it looks as though we’re on the right track.

我们有了初步的试验结果，看起来我们的思路是正确的。

to pay attention to someone or something, so that you know where they are or what is happening to them, or to fail to do this

了解/不了解某人的情况/某事的动态

It’s difficult to keep track of all the new discoveries in genetics.

很难做到随时了解遗传学的全部最新发现。

I just [lost](bold) all [track of time](bold).

one of the songs or pieces of music on an albumcollection of songs or pieces of music

There’s a great Miles Davis track on side two.

在第二面有迈尔斯•戴维斯的一首名曲。

to suddenly stop, especially because something has frightened or surprised you

〔尤指因惊吓而〕突然停下

to be careful not to leave any signs that could let people know where you have been or what you have done because you want to keep it a secret, usually because it is illegal

掩盖[隐匿]自己的行踪，隐匿自己的活动

He tried to cover his tracks by burning all the documents.

他烧毁了所有的文件，试图掩盖自己的所作所为。

The next year he didn’t [run track](bold) or play football.

第二年他没有参加径赛运动，也没有打美式橄榄球。

all the sports in an athletics competition such as running, jumping, or throwing the javelin

She went out for track in the spring (=she joined the school’s track team).

她在春季加入了学校的田径队。

to be likely to achieve the result you want

我们仍然有可能达到10%的增长率。

to begin to deal with a new subject rather than the main one which was being discussed

Don’t get off the track, we’re looking at this year’s figures not last year’s.

别离题，我们是在说今年的数字，而不是去年的。

to hunt or search for someone or something

Police are on the track of the bank robbers.

the direction or line taken by something as it moves

〔物体移动的〕方向，路径，所经路线

islands that lie in the track of North Atlantic storms

位于北大西洋风暴路径上的岛屿

a continuous metal band that goes over the wheels of a vehicle such as a bulldozer, allowing it to move over uneven ground


track

to search for a person or animal by following the marks they leave behind them on the ground, their smell etc

〔循着踪迹、气味等〕追踪，找寻

Police have been tracking the four criminals all over Central America.

警方一直在中美洲到处追捕这四名罪犯。

那群狗循着狼的足迹一直追到它的巢穴。

to record or study the behaviour or development of someone or something over time

The progress of each student is tracked by computer.

每个学生的进度都由电脑进行跟踪。

to follow the movements of an aircraft or ship by using radar

to move a film or television camera away from or towards a scene in order to follow the action that you are recording

〔用电影或电视摄像机〕跟踪拍摄

to put schoolchildren in groups according to their ability

to leave behind a track of something such as mud or dirt when you walk

Which of you boys tracked mud all over the kitchen floor?

你们这些男孩，是谁把厨房地上踩得到处都是泥巴？


tract

the digestive/reproductive/urinary etc tract

a system of connected organs that have one main purpose in a part of your body

a short piece of writing, especially about a moral or religious subject

〔尤指道德或宗教题材的〕短文，小册子


tractor

a strong vehicle with large wheels, used for pulling farm machinery


trade

→ [stock-in-trade](->stock-in-trade) → [jack-of-all-trades](->jack-of-all-trades) [ply your trade](bold) at → [ply](->ply) 1 sense 1 [tricks of the trade](bold) at → [trick](->trick) 1 sense 7

International trade is essential for long-term economic growth.

We want the poorer nations to benefit from increased global trade.

Britain is heavily involved in the arms trade.

The wildlife and scenery have helped to make the tourist trade Alaska's second industry

(=businesses which sell goods in shops to customers)

Advertising encourages the retail trade to stock and display the product.

(=businesses which sell goods in large quantities at low prices to other businesses, rather than to the general public)

In the domestic market, the wholesale trade and retail trade developed rapidly.

(=things that make trade between two countries more difficult or expensive, such as taxes)

The removal of trade barriers will help our trading partnership.

On April 3 a new trade agreement between Romania and the USA was signed.

(=an official order to stop trade with another country)

Delegates urged the US government to lift its trade embargo against Vietnam.

A further round of trade talks begins this week in Geneva.

(=the amount by which the total goods one country sells to others is less than the amount it buys from them)

The foreign trade deficit widened by 42% compared with the previous year.

(=the amount by which the total goods one country sells to others is more than the amount it buys from them)

Scotch whisky is a major contributor to the UK trade balance, with a large trade surplus.

the activity of buying, selling, or exchanging goods within a country or between countries

There has been a marked increase in trade between East and West.

东西方贸易已有显著增长。

Trade in ivory has been banned since 1990.

象牙贸易自1990年起已被禁止。

[the arms/drug/slave etc trade](bold)(=the buying and selling of weapons, drugs etc)

→ [balance of trade](->balance of trade) → [free trade](->free trade) [trade war](bold) at → [war](->war) sense 3

the business done by companies, hotels etc

Working on Saturdays is usual in the retail trade.

business activity, especially the amount of goods or products that are sold

A lot of pubs nowadays do most of their trade at lunchtimes.

现在许多小酒馆的大多数生意都是在午饭时。

[passing trade](bold)(=customers who go into a shop when they are passing it, not regular customers)

Souvenir shops rely mainly on passing trade.

纪念品商店主要靠的是过路客生意。

[do a roaring trade](bold) at → [roaring](->roaring) sense 3

when you exchange something you have for something that someone else has

Let’s [make a trade](bold) – my frisbee for your baseball.

我们做个交换吧——我的飞盘换你的棒球。

when a player on a sports team is exchanged for a player from another team

〔运动队之间的〕队员交易

The Celtics star demanded a trade after talks with management broke down.

和管理层谈崩后，这位凯尔特人队球星要求转会。

a particular kind of business, and the people who are involved in it

I could get Ron to look at your car for you; he works in the trade.

我可以让罗恩给你看看车子，他是干这行的。

a particular job, especially one needing special skill with your hands

〔尤指需要特殊手工技巧的〕行当，手艺

Brian insisted that his sons [learn a trade](bold).

布赖恩坚持要他的儿子们学一门手艺。

My grandfather was a plumber [by trade](bold)(=that was his job).

我祖父是干管子工这一行的。

[tools of your trade](bold)(=the things that you need to do your job)


trade

trade at
trade down
trade in
trade off
trade on/upon
trade up

to buy and sell goods, services etc as your job or business

买卖（货物）；进行贸易，从事交易

India began trading with Europe in the 15th and 16th centuries.

印度于15和16世纪开始和欧洲进行贸易往来。

The company trades in silk, tea, and other items.

该公司从事丝绸、茶叶等货品的贸易。

They had to travel into town to trade the produce from their farm.

他们不得不到镇上去出售他们农场的产品。

The firm now [trades under](bold) the [name](bold) Lanski and Weber.

这家公司现在以“兰斯基和韦伯”之名营业。

[cease trading](bold)(=stop being a business because you are bankrupt)

to buy or sell something on the stock exchange

Over a million shares were traded today.

今天有一百多万股的交易量。

[Trade](bold)  is usually passive in this meaning.

to insult or hit each other during an argument or fight

to exchange something you have for something someone else has

I’ll trade you my camera for your drill.

我用我的相机来换你的钻机。


trader

someone who buys and sells goods or stocks

To the surprise of many Wall Street traders, the dollar rose yesterday.

使很多华尔街经纪人意外的是，昨天美元上涨了。


trading

the activity of buying and selling goods or services

[Sunday trading](bold) BrE(=shops being open on Sunday)

the activity of buying and selling stocks etc

[heavy/light trading](bold)(=a lot of trading or a little trading)

交投活跃，股价下跌了10%。


tradition

This country has a long tradition of accepting political refugees.

In time-honoured tradition, they have a drink in every pub along the high street.

There is a strong tradition of sport at the school.

In rural Wales, the old traditions persisted.

According to family tradition, he must sing at his own wedding.

cultural traditions that date back many generations

The villagers are all keen to preserve local traditions.

The festival is a part of the Scottish tradition which is worth preserving.

He followed the family tradition and became a doctor.

maintain/carry on/continue/uphold a tradition

(=make a tradition continue in the same way or at the same standard as before)

We maintain a tradition of cider making dating from Norman times.

Why not break with tradition and study at Leeds, say, or London, instead of Oxford?

They are continuing a tradition established by the firm’s Victorian founder.

It is an area of the country steeped in tradition.

a belief, custom, or way of doing something that has existed for a long time, or these beliefs, customs etc in general

the [tradition that](bold) the eldest son inherits the property

[By tradition](bold), it’s the bride’s parents who pay for the wedding.

根据传统习俗，婚礼的费用由新娘的父母承担。

to have the same features as something that has been made or done in the past

His paintings are very much in the tradition of Picasso and Matisse.

他的绘画在很大程度上秉承了毕加索和马蒂斯的传统。


traditional

being part of the traditions of a country or group of people

It is traditional not to eat meat on Good Friday.

following ideas and methods that have existed for a long time, rather than doing anything new or different

He has a [traditional view](bold) of women.

我上的是一所非常传统的学校。


traditionally

trəˈdɪʃənəli

trəˈdɪʃənəli

More women are entering traditionally male jobs.

更多的妇女开始从事历来由男人担当的工作。

The color black is traditionally associated with mourning.

Traditionally, everything is carried in baskets on the head or shoulders.

按照传统，东西都是放在篮子里用头顶着或是用肩扛着。


traffic

Sorry I’m late – I was stuck in traffic.

I left early, hoping to miss the traffic.

The congestion charge did cut road traffic in central London.

Traffic was diverted onto the A166 as emergency services cleared the wreckage

We ran into heavy traffic near the airport.

The traffic is fairly light at this time of day.

Traffic’s very slow going out of New York.

I left early to try to miss the rush-hour traffic.

As motorway traffic worsens, commuters may have to find other ways of getting to and from work.

The driver, too busy watching oncoming traffic, doesn’t notice the pedestrian ahead.

(=a line of cars that have stopped, or are moving very slowly)

She spent two hours sitting in a traffic jam.

The road widening should help to improve traffic flow.

He’s been involved in a traffic accident.

(=police dealing with traffic problems and illegal driving)

The teenagers got stopped by the local traffic police.

You get a lot of traffic noise living here.

The new ring road will reduce the volume of traffic through the village.

(=a long continuous series of cars, trucks etc)

The only noise was the distant rumble of traffic on the coastal road.

the vehicles moving along a road or street

车辆来往的嘈杂声令我无法入睡。

the movement of aircraft, ships, or trains from one place to another

〔飞机、轮船或火车的〕往来，交通

the problems of [air traffic](bold) congestion in Europe

the movement of people or goods by aircraft, ships, or trains

Most long-distance traffic of heavy goods is done by ships.

重型货物的长途运输大都使用轮船。

the secret buying and selling of illegal goods

〔秘密进行的〕非法买卖，非法交易


traffic

[past tense and past participle](italic) [trafficked](bold) [present participle](italic) [trafficking](bold)

to take someone to another country and force them to work, for example as a prostitute

He had made a fortune by trafficking young women.


traffic jam

a long line of vehicles on a road that cannot move or can only move very slowly

We were [stuck in](bold) a [traffic jam](bold) for two hours.

我们遇上塞车，被堵了两个小时。


traffic lights

a set of red, yellow, and green lights that control traffic


tragedy

His death is a terrible tragedy for his family.

This is an appalling tragedy which will haunt us for the rest of our lives.

He suffered a great personal tragedy two years ago when his son died suddenly.

The UN wants to see an end to the conflict and the human tragedy involved.

The tragedy happened shortly before 5pm on Saturday.

When you visit the country, you begin to appreciate the size of the tragedy that is unfolding.

Just when it looked as though everything would turn out right, tragedy struck and Jenny developed a fatal illness.

The all-night fishing trip ended in tragedy for the four men after their boat ran aground.

The owners could have done something to avert the tragedy.

a very sad event, that shocks people because it involves death

The tragedy happened as they were returning home from a night out.

悲剧发生在他们夜里外出归家的路上。

[Tragedy struck](bold) the family when their two-year-old son was killed in an accident.

悲剧降临到这个家庭，他们两岁的儿子在一次事故中丧生。

something that seems very sad and unnecessary because something will be wasted, lost, or harmed

〔因浪费、失去或伤害而造成的〕不幸，遗憾

It’s a tragedy to see so much talent going to waste.

看着如此才华白白浪费，真是可惜。

a serious play or book that ends sadly, especially with the death of the main character

‘Hamlet’ is one of Shakespeare’s best known tragedies.

《哈姆雷特》是莎士比亚最著名的悲剧之一。


tragic

a tragic event or situation makes you feel very sad, especially because it involves death or suffering

The parents were not to blame for the [tragic death](bold) of their son.

儿子的惨死不是他父母的错。

Lillian Board’s death at 22 was a [tragic loss](bold) for British athletics.

莉莲•博德22岁早逝，这对英国田径界来说是个惨痛的损失。

[tragic hero](bold)(=the main person in a tragedy)


trail

to pull something behind you, especially along the ground, or to be pulled in this way

A plane trailing a banner was circling overhead.

一架飞机拖着横幅在上空盘旋。

She walked slowly along the path, her skirt trailing in the mud.

她沿着小径缓步行走，裙子拖在泥里。

Rees was leaning out of the boat trailing his hand through the water.

里斯把身体探出船外，一只手在水中划过。

to walk slowly, especially behind other people because you are tired or bored

〔因疲倦或厌烦〕慢吞吞地走

苏茜慢吞吞地跟在父母身后。

We spent the afternoon trailing around the shops.

我们整个下午都在慢悠悠地逛商店。

to be losing in a game, competition, or election

〔在体育比赛、竞赛或选举中〕落后（于）

The Democratic candidate is still trailing in the opinion polls.

民主党候选人在民意调查中仍然处于落后地位。

Manchester United were trailing by two goals to one.

[trail in/home](bold)(=finish in a bad position)

He trailed in last after a disastrous race.

经过一场惨不忍睹的比赛，他得了倒数第一。

to follow someone by looking for signs that they have gone in a particular direction

Police trailed the gang for several days.

警察跟踪了那个团伙好几天。


trail

[blaze a trail](bold) at → [blaze](->blaze) 2 sense 5 [hit the trail/road](bold) at → [hit](->hit) 1 sense 13

a rough path across countryside or through a forest

〔乡间或森林里的〕小路，小径

The trail led over Boulder Pass before descending to a lake.

小路越过博尔德山口，然后向下通往湖边。

a long line or a series of marks that have been left by someone or something

The bus [left a trail](bold) of black smoke behind it.

公共汽车开过，留下一股黑烟。

The typhoon left [a trail of devastation](bold).

a series of unpleasant situations or feelings that have been left by someone or something

〔某人或某物留下的〕一连串不愉快的情形[情感]

He left a trail of broken hearts and broken promises.

他留下了一串破碎的心和一大堆没有兑现的诺言。

a sign that a person or animal has been in a place, used for finding or catching them

〔被追踪的人或动物的〕足迹，踪迹，臭迹

The hunters lost the tiger’s trail in the middle of the jungle.

猎人们在丛林深处失去了老虎的踪迹。

Police tracked him to Valencia and there the [trail went cold](bold)(=they could not find any signs of him).

警方追踪他到巴伦西亚，在那里踪迹就断了。

to be trying to find someone or something by getting information about them

industrial spies on the trail of technological secrets

Police believe they are [hot on the trail of](bold) a drug-smuggling gang (=they are close to finding them).

警方相信他们正紧密跟踪着一个贩毒团伙。

all the places that a particular group of people visit for a particular purpose

the set of things that someone does to achieve something

〔为获得成功所做的〕一系列事情

New players should put the team back [on the winning trail](bold).

新队员应该能让球队重返胜利之路。


trailer

a vehicle that can be pulled behind another vehicle, used for carrying something heavy

→see THESAURUS at [advertisement](->advertisement)

a vehicle that can be pulled behind a car, used for living and sleeping in during a holiday

〔度假中拖在汽车后面供起居和睡觉用的〕活动房屋

an advertisement for a new film or television show

〔电影、电视节目的〕新片预告，预告片


train

You usually say [get on a train](bold) : I got on the train at Bristol.

You usually say [get off a train](bold) : She got off the train in Geneva.

You say that someone is [on a train](bold) : There were a lot of tourists on the train.

You go somewhere [by train](bold) : He travels to work by train.
Don’t say: [go by the train](strike)  [travel by the train](strike)

You often talk about [the train](bold) : It’s easier if you take the train.

At Stoke, another passenger boarded the train.

She sat on the railway platform for half an hour, waiting for a train.

(=take people from one place to another at fixed times)

Trains run from two main London stations, Victoria and Charing Cross, every hour.

Trains depart from Rugby at half-hourly intervals until 4.00 pm.

The train pulled into Euston station and I got off.

Most of the passengers escaped injury when their train was derailed.

a freight train carrying hazardous chemicals

(=a train that people going to work use)

a crash involving two crowded commuter trains

(=one that does not stop at many places)

We got on the stopping train by mistake and it took hours to get home.

Railway enthusiasts have the opportunity to take a nostalgic trip on a steam train.

The condition of many tube trains is a disgrace.

They were not looking forward to the long train journey.

The train driver apologized for the late departure.

Ten people were killed in the train crash.

a set of several carriages that are connected to each other and pulled along a railway line by an engine

We went all the way to Inverness by train.

我们一路坐火车到因弗内斯。

a series of events or actions that are related

一系列，一连串〔相关事件或行动〕

The decision set off a [train of events](bold) which led to his resignation.

这一决定引发了一连串事件，最终导致了他的辞职。

a related series of thoughts that are developing in your mind

The phone interrupted my train of thought.

电话铃声打断了我的思路。

if an action or event brings something in its train, that thing happens as a result of it

a decision that brought disaster in its train

Plans to modernize have been set in train.

a long line of moving people, animals, or vehicles

a part of a long dress that spreads out over the ground behind the person wearing it

a group of servants or officers following an important person, especially in the past

〔尤指旧时重要人物的〕随行人员，随从


train

to teach someone the skills of a particular job or activity, or to be taught these skills

（接受）训练；（被）培训

→see THESAURUS at [learn](->learn)   →see THESAURUS at [teach](->teach)

All staff will be trained in customer service skills.

所有员工都将接受客户服务技能的培训。

Employees are trained to deal with emergency situations.

雇员接受过应急情况处理的培训。

Trained staff will be available to deal with your queries.

我们会有受过培训的员工来解答你的问题。

to teach an animal to do something or to behave correctly

这些狗受过训练，能嗅出毒品。

to prepare for a sports event or tell someone how to prepare for it, especially by exercising

〔为准备体育赛事而〕训练，操练

→see THESAURUS at [practise](->practise)

Brenda spends two hours a day training for the marathon.

布伦达每天训练两小时，备战马拉松比赛。

to aim something such as a gun or camera at someone or something

把〔枪、相机等〕瞄准，把 …对准

to develop and improve a natural ability or quality

教育，培养〔能力或素质〕

To the [trained eye](bold) the difference between these flowers is obvious (=the difference is clear to someone who has developed skills to notice something).

在行家看来，这些花之间的区别十分明显。

to make a plant grow in a particular direction by bending, cutting, or tying it

使〔植物〕按照特定方向生长


trainee

接受工作培训的人；实习生


trainer

someone who trains people or animals for sport or work

a type of strong shoe that you wear for sport


training

Employees should also be given adequate training in fire safety precautions.

A small group would receive intensive training, and then would train others.

The team will need extra software training.

All staff are invited to take any training course at company expense.

Make sure you attend the computer training sessions.

She has written a training manual for social workers.

(=while doing a job rather than in a classroom)

On-the-job training was seen as more important than formal education.

Most employees take advantage of our in-service training program.

Insufficient priority is given to staff training.

Applications for postgraduate teacher training have increased by nearly 50%.

The college provides vocational training for nurses and theatre technicians.

All navy cooks undergo basic training as sailors.

the process of teaching or being taught the skills for a particular job or activity

On the course we [received training](bold) in every aspect of the job.

在课程中我们接受了全面的岗位培训。

Police drivers have to [undergo](bold) intensive [training](bold).

警察驾驶员都得接受强化训练。

[On-the job training](bold) will be supplemented by classroom lectures.

除了在职培训，还将有课堂授课作为补充。

The shop opens late on Fridays because of [staff training](bold).

因为员工培训，这家商店周五较晚开门营业。

physical exercises that you do to stay healthy or prepare for a competition

〔保持健康或准备参赛的〕训练，锻炼

Lesley does weight training twice a week.

莱斯利一周进行两次举重训练。

她正接受训练，备战奥运会。


trait

a particular quality in someone’s character

〔某人性格中的〕特性，品质

a mental illness associated with particular personality traits

和某些性格特征有关的精神疾病


traitor

someone who is not loyal to their country, friends, or beliefs

a traitor to the cause of women’s rights

a politician who [turned traitor](bold)(=became a traitor) to the government


tram

also: [tram‧car](bold) /ˈtræmkɑː
        -kɑːr/  [n](bold) <[C](bold)> ([especially BrE](special))

a vehicle for passengers, which travels along metal tracks in the street


transaction

a business deal or action, such as buying or selling something

The bank charges a fixed rate for each transaction.

银行对每一笔业务收取固定费用。

discussions that take place at the meetings of an organization, or a written record of these

〔某一团体的〕讨论，议事；议事录，公报


transcend

to go beyond the usual limits of something

The desire for peace transcended political differences.

对和平的渴望超越了政治分歧。


transcript

a written or printed copy of a speech, conversation etc

A transcript of the tapes was presented in court.

在法庭上出示了这些磁带的转录本。

an official college document that shows a list of a student’s classes and the results they received


transfer

[transferable](bold) adj. eg: transferable skills

[transferability](bold) /trænsˌfɜːrəˈbɪləti/  n. <U>

[past tense and past participle](italic) [transferred](bold) [present participle](italic) [transferring](bold)

to move from one place, school, job etc to another, or to make someone do this, especially within the same organization

转移（地方）；调动（工作）〔尤指在同一机构中〕

Swod transferred from MI6 to the Security Service.

斯沃德从军情六处调到了安全局。

They’re transferring him to a special unit at Great Ormond Street Hospital.

他们要把他转到大奥蒙德街医院的一个特殊病区去。

You’ll be transferred to the Birmingham office.

你将被调到伯明翰办事处。

to move from one place to another, or to move something from one place to another

The exhibition transfers to York City Art Gallery on 23rd January.

这次展览将于1月23日移至约克市美术馆举行。

使〔运动员〕转会[转队]

He was transferred for a fee of £8 million.

他以800万英镑转会了。

to move money from one account or institution to another

把〔钱〕转到另一账户[机构]上

I’d like to transfer $500 to my checking account.

我想转500美元到我的活期账户上。

transfer your affections/loyalty/allegiance etc

to change from loving or supporting one person to loving or supporting a different one

转移感情/效忠对象/拥护对象等

if a skill, idea, or quality transfers from one situation to another, or if you transfer it, it can be used in the new situation

Ideas that work well in one school often don’t transfer well to another.

在一所学校行得通的理念套用在另一所学校上往往行不通。

transfer power/responsibility/control (to sb)

to officially give power etc to another person or organization

移交权力/责任/控制权（给某人）

The ageing president is preparing to transfer power to his son.

这位年迈的总统准备把权力移交给他的儿子。

to connect the call of someone who has telephoned you to someone else’s telephone so that that person can speak to them

Hold on one moment while I transfer your call.

to officially give property or land to someone else

to change from one bus, plane etc to another while you are travelling, or arrange for someone to do this

（使）转乘，（使）换乘，（使）改乘

You will be met on arrival at the airport and transferred to your hotel.

你到达机场后会有人接机并把你送到酒店。

to copy recorded information, music etc from one system to another

转存，转录〔信息、音乐等〕

if a disease is transferred from one person or animal to another, the second person or animal begins to have the disease

It is unlikely that the disease will be transferred from animals to humans.

这种疾病不大可能会由动物传给人类。


transfer

the process by which someone or something moves or is moved from one place, job etc to another

〔地点的〕转移；〔工作的〕调动

the transfer of assets within a group of companies

在几家公司内进行的资产转移

Penny’s applied for a transfer to head office.

someone or something that has been moved in this way

已调动的人；已转移的东西

a process by which the control of a country is taken from one person or group and given to another

the transfer of power to a civilian government

the act of changing from one bus, aircraft etc to another while travelling

〔公共汽车、飞机等的〕转乘

Getting there often means a couple of transfers on a bus line.

去那里经常得倒两三趟公共汽车。

a drawing, pattern etc that can be stuck or printed onto a surface

〔可粘贴或印制的〕图画，图案

a ticket that allows a passenger to change from one bus, train etc to another without paying more money

〔公共汽车、火车等的〕转车票，联运车票


transform

to completely change the appearance, form, or character of something or someone, especially in a way that improves it

Increased population has transformed the landscape.

人口的增加使景观发生了变化。

The movie transformed her almost overnight from an unknown schoolgirl into a megastar.

这部电影几乎在一夜之间将她从一个默默无闻的女学生变成一位超级巨星。


transformation

a complete change in someone or something

In recent years, the movie industry has [undergone](bold) a dramatic [transformation](bold).

近些年，电影业经历了巨大的变革。

the gradual transformation from woodland to farmland

What leads to the transformation of one economic system to another?

是什么导致一种经济体制转变为另一种经济体制？


transit

the process of moving goods or people from one place to another

baggage that is lost or damaged [in transit](bold)(=while it is being moved)

在运输过程中丢失或损坏的行李

a system for moving people from place to place

[public transit](bold) AmE(=buses, trains etc)


transition

There were some difficulties in achieving a smooth transition to independence.

We all wish to see a peaceful transition.

Elections will be held in the course of a gradual transition from military to civilian rule.

She has had to make the difficult transition from child actor to adult star.

The biggest problem will be making the transition from one system to the other.

a transition period/a period of transition

The major industrial nations are in a period of transition.

a transition process/a process of transition

He will deal with any problems that might arise during the transition process.

when something changes from one form or state to another

the [smooth transition](bold) from full-time work to full retirement

从全职工作到完全退休的顺利过渡

[Making](bold) the [transition](bold) from youth to adulthood can be very painful.

从青少年过渡到成年会是一个非常痛苦的过程。

a society that is [in transition](bold)(=changing)

the [period of transition](bold) to full democracy


transition

to change to a new state or start using something new

He will transition to his new role next month.

下个月他将转换成新角色。


transitional

relating to a period during which something is changing from one state or form into another

a transitional period during the switch to the euro

a temporary government, usually one that governs until official elections can take place in a country


translate

to change written or spoken words into another language

She has translated a number of his books.

Michael Meyer translated the play from the original Norwegian.

to change what someone is saying into another language, as they are speaking

No one in our tour group spoke Spanish so we had to ask the guide to interpret.

We'll have to find someone who speaks Chinese to interpret the questions and answers for our guests.

I had to interpret for my boss on the last trip to Japan.

put sth into English/French/Japanese etc

to translate something into another language, especially a few words or a short piece of writing

I've written a message for Fabio. Could you put it into Italian for me?

I had to put a list of Japanese words into English.

Translate the text from Italian into English.

把这篇文章从意大利语翻译成英语。

Dagda, an ancient Irish deity, literally translates as ‘the good god’.

达格达——爱尔兰的古代神灵，按字面意思翻译就是“善神”。

if one thing translates into another, the second thing happens as a result of the first

A small increase in local spending will translate into a big rise in property tax.

地方支出略微增加就会导致财产税的大幅提高。

These rates translate into a return of 8.5% for dollar investors.

这些汇率对美元投资者来说相当于8.5%的回报。

to change something, or be changed, from one form into another

the danger of translating your emotions into actions

Jokes often don’t translate well into print.

笑话变成文字往往就不好笑了。

to be used in a new situation, or to make something do this

It’s amazing how well the play has been translated to film.

这部戏剧拍成电影改编得这么好，真是令人称奇。


translation

It’s a rough translation but I think the meaning is clear.

The most accurate translation of the word would be ‘master’.

(=one in which each word is translated exactly)

First make a literal translation and then try and put it into idiomatic English.

He wrote the first English translation of Homer’s 'Iliad'.

when you translate something, or something that has been translated

a [literal translation](bold) from Arabic

She read the letter and gave us a [rough translation](bold)(=she did not translate everything exactly).

她看了信，给我们大概翻译了一下。

I’ve only read ‘Madame Bovary’ [in translation](bold)(=not in its original language).

我只读过《包法利夫人》的译本。

Much of the book’s humour has been lost in translation (=is no longer effective when translated).

本书的许多幽默元素已在翻译过程中丢失。

the process of changing something into a different form


translator

someone who changes writing into a different language


transmission

the process of sending out electronic signals, messages etc, using radio, television, or other similar equipment

〔电子信号、信息等的〕传输，发送，传送

the process of sending or passing something from one person, place, or thing to another

something that is broadcast on television, radio etc

〔电视、广播等的〕节目播送

a [live transmission](bold) of the tennis championship

the parts of a vehicle that take power from the engine to the wheels

〔汽车的〕传动装置，变速器


transmit

[past tense and past participle](italic) [transmitted](bold) [present participle](italic) [transmitting](bold)

to send out electronic signals, messages etc using radio, television, or other similar equipment

传输，发送，传送〔电子信号、信息等〕

The US Open will be [transmitted live](bold) via satellite.

美国公开赛将通过卫星现场直播。

The system transmits information over digital phone lines.

这一系统通过数字电话线路传输信息。

to send or pass something from one person, place or thing to another

Mathematical knowledge is transmitted from teacher to student.

数学知识由教师传授给学生。

→ [sexually transmitted disease](->sexually transmitted disease)

if an object or substance transmits sound or light, it allows sound or light to travel through or along it


transparent

if something is transparent, you can see through it

language or information that is transparent is clear and easy to understand

〔语言或信息〕清楚易懂的

The way the system works will be transparent to the user.

这个系统的运行方式对使用者来说清楚易懂。

a lie, excuse etc that is transparent does not deceive people

〔谎言、借口等〕易看穿的，易识破的


transplant

the operation of transplanting an organ, piece of skin etc

〔器官、皮肤等的〕移植（手术）

the organ, piece of skin etc that is moved in a transplant operation


transplant

[transplantation](bold) /ˌtrænsplɑːnˈteɪʃ/ US /-plæn-/  n. <U>

to move an organ, piece of skin etc from one person’s body and put it into another as a form of medical treatment

to move a plant from one place and plant it in another place

to move something or someone from one place to another

搬运，使搬迁；使迁移[居]


transport

Buses are the safest form of road transport in this country.

Freight delivery costs could be reduced substantially by using rail transport.

The air transport industry is presently going through a period of change.

(=buses, trains etc that are available for everyone to use)

We recommend that you travel by public transport.

77 percent of respondents in the survey had regular access to private transport.

We will create a better, more integrated transport system.

We must ensure that transport costs are kept low.

The region has good transport links to the capital.

Horses and carts were the only means of transport.

The supermarket offers a free bus service for customers who do not have their own transport.

a system or method for carrying passengers or goods from one place to another

Improved rail transport is essential for business.

铁路运输的改善对商业发展极其重要。

commuters who travel on [public transport](bold)(=buses, trains etc)

乘坐公共交通工具通勤的人

It’s easier to get to the college if you have your [own transport](bold)(=a car, bicycle etc).

如果你有自己的交通工具，去学院就会更方便。

Horses were the only means of transport.

In this meaning, [transport ](bold) is an uncountable noun and has no plural form. You say: Public transport is very cheap.
Don’t say: [public transports](strike)

the process or business of taking goods from one place to another

Canals were used for the transport of goods.

a ship or aircraft for carrying soldiers or supplies

〔运送士兵或供给品的〕运输船；运输机

to be feeling very strong emotions of pleasure, happiness etc


transport

[v](bold) <[T usually + adv/prep](bold)>

to take goods, people etc from one place to another in a vehicle

运输，运送〔货物、人等〕

to imagine that you are in another place or time because of something that you see or hear

被〔幻想等〕带回到/被带入〔另一地点或时间〕

One look, and I was transported back to childhood.

只看了一眼，我就仿佛被带回到了童年。

to feel very strong emotions of pleasure, happiness etc

to send a criminal to a distant country such as Australia as a punishment in the past

流放，放逐〔犯人至澳大利亚等偏远之地〕


transportation

ˌtrænspɔːˈteɪʃən

The city needs to improve its [public transportation](bold)(=buses, trains etc).

这座城市需要改善公共交通。

People need to get out of their cars and use other modes of transportation.

人们应该走出自己的汽车，使用其他的交通方式。

the transportation of dangerous chemicals by road

the punishment of sending a criminal to a distant country, especially Australia, in the past

流放，放逐〔指旧时将犯人驱逐至澳大利亚等偏远之地〕


trap

→ [booby trap](->booby trap) → [death trap](->death trap) [poverty trap](bold) at → [poverty](->poverty) sense 3 → [speed trap](->speed trap) → [tourist trap](->tourist trap)

a piece of equipment for catching animals

〔捕捉动物的〕夹子，罗网，陷阱

The only way to catch mice is to [set](bold) a [trap](bold).

抓老鼠的唯一办法就是放置捕鼠器。

He stepped into a bear trap covered in snow.

他踩到了埋在雪里的一个捕熊夹。

a clever trick that is used to catch someone or to make them do or say something that they did not intend to

Police had set a trap for hooligans at the match.

警方在那场比赛中给闹事者设了圈套。

Mr Smith has walked straight into a trap laid by the Tories.

史密斯先生直接落入了保守党布设的圈套。

an unpleasant or difficult situation that is difficult to escape from

阿曼达觉得婚姻是个牢笼。

to do something that seems good at the time but is not sensible or wise, or to avoid doing this

Don’t fall into the trap of investing all your money in one place.

不要落入把所有钱都投资在一个地方的陷阱。

a rude way of telling someone to not say anything about things that are secret

闭上你的嘴〔一种无礼的说法，叫某人不要把秘密说出去〕

a rude way of telling someone to stop talking

a vehicle with two wheels, pulled by a horse

a special gate from which a greyhound is set free at the beginning of a race

〔赛狗开始时放狗出笼的〕围栏


trap

[past tense and past participle](italic) [trapped](bold) [present participle](italic) [trapping](bold)

to prevent someone from escaping from somewhere, especially a dangerous place

The building collapsed, trapping dozens of people in the rubble.

楼房倒塌，很多人被困在了瓦砾下面。

[Trap](bold)  is often passive in this meaning.

to be in a bad situation from which you cannot escape

Julia felt trapped in her role of wife and mother.

朱莉娅觉得自己被为人妻母的角色束缚住了。

用陷阱捕猎，用捕捉器捕捉

to catch someone by forcing them into a place from which they cannot escape

把 …困住〔以便抓捕〕，迫使进入

The police trapped the terrorists at a roadblock.

警察在设有路障的地方堵住了恐怖分子。

to trick someone so that you make them do or say something that they did not intend to

I was trapped into signing a confession.

to get a part of your body crushed between two objects

Mind you don’t trap your fingers in the door.

to prevent something such as gas or water from getting away

储存太阳热量的太阳能电池板


trash

things that you throw away, such as empty bottles, used papers, food that has gone bad etc

Will someone [take out the trash](bold)(=take it outside the house)?

someone from a low social class who you do not respect because you think they are lazy or immoral


trash

to destroy something completely, either deliberately or by using it too much

〔因故意或过分使用而〕捣毁，破坏

The place got trashed last time we had a party.

我们上次聚会的时候把这个地方弄得一塌糊涂。

to criticize someone or something very severely

The researchers are angry that attempts have been made to trash their work.

研究人员非常气愤，竟有人企图诋毁他们的工作。


trauma

an unpleasant and upsetting experience that affects you for a long time

a mental state of extreme shock caused by a very frightening or unpleasant experience

年幼就沦为难民的精神创伤


traumatic

a traumatic experience is so shocking and upsetting that it affects you for a long time

〔经历〕痛苦难忘的，造成精神创伤的

His son’s death was the most traumatic event in Stan’s life.

儿子的死是斯坦一生中最大的创伤。


travel

to go from one place to another, especially places that are far apart

to go somewhere – often used instead of [travel](bold)

We’re going to Greece for our holidays this year.

to travel across a very large area, for example a desert or ocean

The slaves crossed the Atlantic in the holds of the ships.

to travel in order to visit many different places, especially as part of a holiday

to do a long and difficult walk in a place far from towns and cities

She’s been trekking in Nepal a couple of times.

to travel to a lot of different places, carrying your clothes with you in your

to travel or move around an area with no clear purpose or direction, usually for a long time

When he was young, he roamed from one country to another.

The tribes used to roam around freely, without any fixed territory.

He journeyed on horseback through Palestine.

someone who is travelling a long distance

My aunt was a great traveller she travelled a lot.

someone who is travelling somewhere for a holiday

During the summer, over a million tourists visit the island each year.

someone who is travelling in a vehicle, plane, ship etc but not driving it or working on it

The driver and two passengers were killed in the crash.

someone who travels to a lot of different places, carrying their clothes etc in a

someone who travels to places that people have not visited before

Potatoes were brought to England by explorers such as Sir Francis Drake and Sir Walter Raleigh.

Only the affluent could afford to take vacations or to travel abroad.

He travelled extensively in Europe studying geology.

The idea was to travel light, so Travis allowed her to pack only one change of clothing.

[past tense and past participle](italic) [travelled](bold) [present participle](italic) [travelling](bold) ([BrE](bold)) [past tense and past participle](italic) [traveled](bold) [present participle](italic) [traveling](bold) ([AmE](bold))

to go from one place to another, or to several places, especially ones that are far away

Someday I’d like to [travel abroad](bold).

We’re planning to travel across America this summer.

我们计划今年夏天横穿美国旅行。

他游历了中国的很多地方。

We travelled by train across Eastern Europe.

He’d travelled far, but he’d [travelled light](bold)(=without taking many possessions).

他长途远游，却轻装简行。

to go to most parts of the world or of a particular country

to go a particular distance or at a particular speed

走过〔某距离〕；〔以某速度〕行进

列车正以每小时100英里的速度行驶。

They travelled 200 miles on the first day.

他们第一天行进了200英里。

having travelled to many different countries

到过很多地方的，游历很广的

to be passed quickly from one person or place to another

to remain in good condition or be equally successful when taken to another country

经得起长途运输；盛行各地

Exporters have to find wines that travel well.

出口商必须寻找耐运输的葡萄酒。

Many British television programmes don’t travel well.

英国的许多电视节目走出国门就不受欢迎了。

if your eyes travel over something, you look at different parts of it

to move at a particular speed or in a particular direction

〔以某一速度或朝某一方向〕行进，移动

to take more than three steps while you are holding the ball in basketball


travel

You use [travel](bold)  to talk in general about the activity of travelling: Long-distance travel has become much cheaper. My interests are travel and photography.

[Travel ](bold) is only used as an uncountable noun.
Don’t say: [a travel](strike)  [the travel](strike)

Someone’s [travels](bold)  are their journeys to many different places: On her travels, she visited Egypt, Jordan, and South Africa. I’ll call you when I get back from my travels.

[Travels](bold)  is always used as a plural noun in this meaning.
Don’t say: [her travel ](strike)  [my travel](strike)

You use [trip](bold)  to talk about an occasion when someone travels somewhere: He has gone to New York on a business trip. They have made several trips to Europe.

[Trip](bold)  is a countable noun and can be used in the singular with ‘a’ or in the plural. Don’t use [travel](bold)  in this meaning. You say: Have a nice trip!
Don’t say: [Have a nice travel!](strike)

There has been a major increase in air travel during the last twenty years.

The measures were introduced to make rail travel safer.

The price is £98, inclusive of coach travel.

The job offers opportunities for foreign travel.

Long-distance travel is becoming much more common these days.

Business travel often took him away from his family.

Large rockets are used for space travel and exploration.

The storms have had a huge effect on the country’s travel industry.

I still have to make all the travel arrangements.

You are strongly advised to take out travel insurance.

Kyushu looks so lovely in the travel books.

I find the train a more comfortable mode of travel.

The new job involves a fair amount of travel.

journeys to places that are far away, usually for pleasure

We met some very interesting people on our travels in Thailand.

我们在泰国旅游时碰到一些非常有趣的人。


traveller

([BrE](special)) AmE traveler  [n](bold) <[C](bold)>

someone who is on a journey or someone who travels often

旅客，旅行者；经常旅行的人

→see THESAURUS at [tourist](->tourist)   →see THESAURUS at [travel](->travel) 1

someone who travels around from place to place living in a caravan

坐旅行拖车过漂泊生活的人


travelling

([BrE](special)) AmE traveling  [adj](bold) <[only before noun](bold)>

money that is used to pay for the cost of travelling while someone is on a trip for their company

someone or something that goes from place to place

巡回演出的音乐家/巡回演出的马戏团/巡回展览等

a clock etc designed to be used when you are travelling


travelling

([BrE](special)) AmE traveling  [n](bold) <[U](bold)>

the act or activity of going from one place to another, especially places that are far away

After retiring, we’ll do some travelling.

taking more than three steps while holding the ball in basketball


tray

→ [baking tray](->baking tray) → [system tray](->system tray)

a flat piece of plastic, metal, or wood, with raised edges, used for carrying things such as plates, food etc

a flat open container with three sides used for holding papers, documents etc on a desk

〔办公桌上存放文件等的〕公文盘，格子

[in tray](bold)(=for holding documents you still have to deal with)

[out tray](bold)(=for holding documents you have dealt with)

a flat open container with four sides used for holding certain things

[seed tray](bold)(=a tray in which you plant seeds)


tread

[tread on sb’s toes](bold) at → [toe](->toe) 1 sense 3

[past tense](italic) [trod](bold) /trɒd/ US /trɑːd/ [past participle](italic) [trodden](bold) /ˈtrɒdn/ US /ˈtrɑːdn/

to put your foot on or in something while you are walking

对不起，我踩到你的脚了吗？

她光脚踩在柔软的草地上。

to be very careful about what you say or do in a difficult situation

If I wanted to keep my job, I knew I’d have to tread lightly.

我知道我要是想保住工作，就得小心谨慎。

to press or crush something into the floor or ground with your feet

Stop treading mud all over my clean kitchen floor!

不要把我干干净净的厨房地板踩得到处都是泥巴！

Bits of the broken vase got trodden into the carpet.

花瓶的碎片被踩进了地毯里。

to crush grapes with your feet in order to produce juice for making wine

to take a particular action or series of actions

Getting the right balance between home and work is a difficult path to tread.

要想在家庭和工作之间找到平衡并非易事。

to stay floating upright in deep water by moving your legs as if you are riding a bicycle

to make no progress in a particular situation, especially because you are waiting for something to happen

〔尤指因等待某事发生而〕徘徊观望

All I could do was tread water until the contracts arrived.

我能做的就是等待，直到合同送来。

David trod wearily along behind the others.

戴维疲惫地走在其他人后面。


tread

the pattern of lines on the part of a tyre that touches the road

the part of a stair that you put your foot on

the particular sound that someone makes when they walk

I heard the back door bang, and Rex’s tread in the hall.

我听到后门重重关上，然后是雷克斯在门厅里走动的脚步声。


treasure

a group of valuable things such as gold, silver, jewels etc

a very valuable and important object such as a painting or ancient document

The Book of Kells is Trinity College’s greatest treasure.

《凯尔经》是三一学院的镇院之宝。

someone who is very useful or important to you


treasure

[treasured](bold) adj. <only before noun> eg: A battered old guitar was his [most treasured possession](bold).

to keep and care for something that is very special, important, or valuable to you

Jim treasured the gold pocket watch that his grandfather had given him.

吉姆十分珍爱祖父送给他的金怀表。


treat

The majority of workers are well treated.

All people should be treated equally, whatever their age.

Should girls be treated differently from boys in school?

The guards treated the prisoners harshly.

treat sb with respect/contempt/suspicion etc

When you treat the kids with respect, they act responsibly.

to behave towards someone or something in a particular way

Penny doesn’t think her co-workers treat her as an equal.

彭妮认为她的同事没有平等地对待她。

He treated his automobiles almost as tenderly as he did his wife.

他对汽车几乎就像对妻子一样温柔。

The prisoners were well treated by their guards.

囚犯受到看守很好的对待。

[treat sb with respect/contempt/courtesy etc](bold)

Despite her seniority, Margot was never treated with much respect.

玛戈尽管是前辈，但从未受到多少尊重。

[treat sb like dirt/a dog](bold)(=treat someone unkindly and without respect)

I don’t know why he stays with her – she treats him like dirt.

我不知道为什么他还跟她在一起——她就没把他当人看待。

to deal with, regard, or consider something in a particular way

Please treat this information as completely confidential.

我说什么她都当是开玩笑。

[treat sth favourably/seriously/carefully etc](bold)

Any complaint about safety standards must be treated very seriously.

任何有关安全标准的投诉都必须十分认真地对待。

to try to cure an illness or injury by using drugs, hospital care, operations etc

It was difficult to treat patients because of a shortage of medicine.

由于缺少药物，很难给病人治病。

Nowadays, malaria can be treated with drugs.

如今，疟疾可以用药物医治。

to buy or do something special for someone that you know they will enjoy

我们请妈妈在萨沃伊酒店吃午饭。

I [treated myself](bold) to a new dress.

我犒劳自己一条新连衣裙。

to put a special substance on something or use a chemical process in order to protect, clean, or preserve it

〔用特别的物质或某种化学方法〕处理

sewage treated so that it can be used as fertilizer

经过处理可用作肥料的污水


treat

something special that you give someone or do for them because you know they will enjoy it

Steven took his son to a cricket match as a birthday treat.

史蒂文带儿子去看板球比赛庆祝生日。

an event that gives you a lot of pleasure and is usually unexpected

When we were kids, a trip to the beach was a [real treat](bold).

我们小时候，到海滩去玩是件特别开心的事。

a special food that tastes good, especially one that you do not eat very often

〔尤指不经常吃的〕美味食物

The cafe serves an assortment of gourmet treats.

used to tell someone that you will pay for something such as a meal for them

我们出去吃午饭吧——我请客。

if something goes down a treat, people like it very much

That new vegetarian restaurant seems to be going down a treat.

那家新的素食餐馆似乎很受欢迎。

The sports ground looked a treat, with all the flags flying.

运动场上彩旗飘扬，很有气氛。


treatment

He was given treatment at a local hospital.

Paramedics are trained to administer on-the-spot treatment to patients.

Two boys received treatment for gunshot wounds.

A few years earlier she'd undergone fertility treatment.

All three were beaten so badly that they needed hospital treatment.

He contracted a lung infection which did not respond to treatment.

The drug may prove to be an effective treatment for brain tumours.

Every patient has a right to refuse medical treatment.

Several people needed hospital treatment for burns.

You may be entitled to free dental treatment.

She began to investigate alternative cancer treatments.

(=treatment to help someone who is unable to have children)

Mrs Smith received fertility treatment using donor eggs.

He underwent psychiatric treatment after an episode of severe depression.

Laser treatment can be technically difficult.

(=treatments that are not part of normal scientific medicine)

She found out all she could about alternative cancer treatments.

something that is done to cure someone who is injured or ill

There have been great advances in the treatment of cancer.

癌症治疗有了很大的进展。

The best treatment for a cold is to rest and drink lots of fluids.

治疗感冒的最佳方法是休息和多喝水。

a particular way of behaving towards someone or of dealing with them

Civil rights groups have complained about the harsh treatment of prisoners.

民权组织抱怨犯人受到虐待。

[special/preferential treatment](bold)(=when one person is treated better than another)

The two young princes were not singled out for special treatment at school.

两位小王子在学校里并没有享受特殊待遇。

Just lately, Kyra has been giving me [the silent treatment](bold)(=refusing to speak to me because she is angry with me).

就在最近，凯拉一直对我不理不睬。

a particular way of dealing with or talking about a subject

〔针对某一主题的〕处理讨论，论述

I didn’t think the film gave the issue serious treatment.

我认为影片没有严肃对待这个问题。

a process by which something is cleaned, protected etc

处理〔指清理、保护等过程〕


treaty

In 1875 Japan and Russia concluded a treaty.

(=discuss the conditions of a treaty with other people in order to reach an agreement)

He was instructed to negotiate a treaty with Siam.

(=make it official by signing it or accepting it)

The Government cannot ratify the treaty without Parliament’s consent.

Jordan signed a peace treaty with Israel.

(=one that has been written but not yet signed)

The committee produced a draft treaty on arms limitation.

(=one which says that people can be brought back to a country for trial)

The United States has had an extradition treaty with Mexico since 1978.

The US refused to sign any international treaty on cutting carbon emissions.

Uzbekistan and Russia signed a bilateral treaty of friendship.

Britain’s ratification of the Maastricht treaty looked set for further delay.

Under the terms of the treaty, the two sides agreed to a ceasefire.

Restrictive trading agreements are prohibited by the Treaty of Rome.

a formal written agreement between two or more countries or governments

Both sides have agreed to [sign the treaty](bold).

The [peace treaty](bold) ends nearly four years of violence.

该和平条约结束了将近四年的暴力冲突。


tree

[top of the tree](bold) at → [top](->top) 1 sense 3 [it doesn’t grow on trees](bold) at → [grow](->grow) sense 7 [be up a gum tree](bold) at → [gum tree](->gum tree) sense 2

an evergreen tree does not lose its leaves in winter

English ivy is evergreen and grows even during the winter.

a deciduous tree loses its leaves in winter

The oak is deciduous, but loses its leaves late in the year.

a tree such as a pine or fir that has leaves like needles and produces cones containing seeds

The owners have planted conifers along the fence in order to reduce the traffic noise.

a tree that produces fruit that can be eaten

Fruit trees such as apples and pears can be pruned during the winter months.

It's best to buy young saplings rather than fully-grown trees.

a very large area with a lot of trees growing closely together

They worked as tree planters in the forests of Washington State.

The forest fire was started by a discarded cigarette.

a tropical forest with tall trees, in an area where it rains a lot

12 million acres of rainforest have been destroyed.

a tropical forest with trees and large plants

The wreckage of the plane was found in dense jungle.

the usual word for the hard material that trees are made of

wood used for building and making things

strong heavy wood from trees such as oak

wood from trees such as pine and fir that is cheap and easy to cut

wood that has been cut or collected in order to be burned in a fire

They collected branches that could be used for firewood.

a very tall plant that has branches and leaves, and lives for many years

We [planted](bold) a peach [tree](bold) in the backyard.

我们在后院种了一棵桃树。

the trunk of an old oak tree (=the main central part, from which the branches grow)

a drawing that connects things with lines to show how they are related to each other


trek

a long and difficult journey, made especially on foot as an adventure

〔尤指徒步的〕艰苦长途旅行

a distance that seems long when you walk it

I’m afraid it’s a bit of a trek to the station.


trek

[past tense and past participle](italic) [trekked](bold) [present participle](italic) [trekking](bold)

to make a long and difficult journey, especially on foot

长途跋涉〔尤指徒步旅行〕

The elevator was broken, so we had to trek up six flights of stairs.

电梯坏了，所以我们只好爬了六层楼梯。

to walk a long way, especially in the mountains, as an adventure

〔尤在山中〕远足，徒步旅行

For five days he trekked across the mountains of central China.

他在华中的山区跋涉了五天。


tremble

to shake slightly in a way that you cannot control, especially because you are upset or frightened

〔尤指因难受或受到惊吓而〕颤抖，发抖，战栗

His lip started to tremble and then he started to cry.

他的嘴唇开始颤抖，接着就哭了起来。

Greene was on his feet now, his body trembling with rage.

格林这会儿站了起来，气得全身直哆嗦。

The whole house trembled as the train went by.

火车开过，整座房子都在震颤。

if your voice trembles, it sounds nervous and unsteady

to be worried or frightened about something

I [tremble to think](bold) what will happen when she finds out.

一想到她知道了会怎样，我就害怕。


tremendous

[tremendously](bold) adv. eg: tremendously wealthy

巨大的；极快的；强有力的

Suddenly, there was a tremendous bang, and the whole station shook.

突然一声巨响，整个车站都晃动了。

She was making a [tremendous effort](bold) to appear calm.

她竭力表现出平静的样子。

She praised her husband for the [tremendous support](bold) he had given her.

她称赞丈夫给了她巨大支持。

Sales have been tremendous so far this year.

今年到目前为止，销售额十分惊人。

This plan could save us [a tremendous amount of](bold) money.

这个计划能给我们节省一大笔钱。

She’s got a tremendous voice, hasn’t she?

她有一副绝好的嗓子，对吧？


trench

a long narrow hole dug into the surface of the ground

Workers [dug](bold) a [trench](bold) for gas lines.

工人们挖了一条沟来铺设燃气管道。

a long narrow valley in the ground beneath the sea

a deep trench dug in the ground as a protection for soldiers

the place or situation where most of the work or action in an activity takes place

第一线〔指某一活动进行得最热烈的地方或场面〕

Lane left teaching after 30 years in the trenches.

在一线工作30年后，莱恩离开了教学岗位。


trend

He wrote an article attacking many recent trends in education.

If current trends continue, the amount of carbon dioxide in the atmosphere will double by the year 2030.

(=one followed by most people or happening in most places)

There was a general trend towards marriage at a younger age.

a growing trend towards globalization in world markets

I have detected a worrying trend of late.

The underlying trend is for rich economies to get richer.

(=a tendency for something to increase or decrease)

The downward trend in population growth was not seen as a problem.

This forecast is based on current economic trends.

Crime rates in Manchester bucked the national trend.

the global trend towards intensive farming

He succeeded in reversing the downward trend of the railway’s fortunes.

(=do something that is not what is generally happening)

The recession may still be biting, but video games company Nintendo continues to buck the trend.

Divorce rates in Scotland are following the general trend.

The young started a trend toward living in the downtown area.

a general tendency in the way a situation is changing or developing

Lately there has been a trend towards hiring younger, cheaper employees.

近来的趋势是雇用较年轻、薪酬较低的雇员。

The [current trend](bold) is towards more part-time employment.

当前的趋势是雇用更多的兼职人员。

the [general trend](bold) towards the centralization of political power

政治权力集中化的普遍趋势

A [disturbing trend](bold) is that victims of violence are getting younger.

一个令人担心的趋势是，暴力行为的受害者越来越年轻。

The [growing trend](bold) is for single mothers to bring up children by themselves.

单身母亲独自抚养孩子的趋势在上升。

Even so, the [underlying trend](bold) is positive.

尽管如此，基本趋势仍是乐观的。

national and international [economic trends](bold)

the [downward trend](bold) in the price of gold

Successive presidents have tried to [reverse this trend](bold), but without success.

连续几任总统都试图扭转这一趋势，但均未成功。

to start doing something that other people copy

Larger corporations are setting the trend for better maternity benefits.

较大的公司在提供更好的生育福利方面作出了表率。

fashionable – used especially in magazines


trend

if a subject is trending on the Internet, a lot of people are searching for it or sending messages about it

if an amount is trending downwards or upwards, it is becoming lower or higher

Average temperatures are trending upwards.


trial

Her son is on trial charged with murder.

Doctors said he was unfit to stand trial.

Its managing director is awaiting trial on corruption charges.

They should never have been put on trial, let alone convicted.

The people who were responsible for this crime must be brought to trial.

Smith's lawyer battled to stop him being sent for trial in Britain.

We believe the trial will be held sometime next month.

(=it is officially stopped for several days, weeks, or months)

In a criminal trial, guilt has to be proven beyond reasonable doubt.

(=for cases dealing with the private affairs of citizens, rather than cases involving a crime)

In civil trials, the jury's decision need not be unanimous.

If the case ever went to trial, he would probably lose.

The trial judge acquitted the accused on the charge of assault.

He is regarded as one of the finest trial lawyers in the state.

The evidence will be fully tested in the trial court.

No trial date has been set because of procedural delays.

His lawyers have said they will appeal the civil trial verdict.

a legal process in which a judge and often a jury in a court of law examine information to decide whether someone is guilty of a crime

布拉迪因侵犯他人而受审。

a process of testing to find out whether something works effectively and is safe

a new drug that is undergoing [clinical trials](bold)

正在接受临床试验的一种新药

a short period during which you use or do something or employ someone to find out whether they are satisfactory for a particular purpose or job

They let me have the computer on trial for thirty days.

他们让我试用这台电脑30天。

The security system will be reviewed after a three-month [trial period](bold).

这套安全系统在3个月试用期后将进行重新评估。

Smith was hired [on](bold) a six-month [trial basis](bold).

史密斯受聘后有六个月的试用期。

[trial separation](bold)(=a period of time in which a husband and wife do not live together, to find out whether they want to stay married)

if you do something by trial and error, you test many different methods of doing something in order to find the best

反复试验〔以得出最佳结果〕

I learned most of what I know about gardening through trial and error.

我的大部分园艺知识都是通过反复摸索得来的。

something that is difficult to deal with, and that is worrying or annoying

艰难困苦，令人伤脑筋的人［事］

the daily trials of living in a poor country

生活在贫穷国家的日常艰辛

My brothers and I were always a real trial to my parents.

我和我的兄弟们总是让父母伤透脑筋。

the [trials and tribulations](bold) of running a business

a special sports competition in which people who want to be on a team are tested, so that the best can be chosen

[horse/sheepdog trials](bold)(=a sporting competition in which horses or dogs compete)


trial

[past tense and past participle](italic) [trialled](bold) [present participle](italic) [trialling](bold)

to thoroughly test something to see if it works correctly or is effective

〔全面彻底地〕测试，试验，试用

These techniques were trialled by teachers in 300 schools.

这些方法经过了300所学校老师的试用。


triangle

a flat shape with three straight sides and three angles

something that is shaped like a triangle

a musical instrument made of metal bent into the shape of a triangle. You hit it with a metal stick to make a ringing sound.

a flat plastic object with three sides that has one angle of 90° and is used for drawing angles


triangular

traɪˈæŋɡjələ

一项由三方参加的体育比赛


tribal

[adj](bold) <[usually before noun](bold)>


tribe

a social group consisting of people of the same race who have the same beliefs, customs, language etc, and usually live in one particular area ruled by their leader

a tribe of Aborigines known as the Dolphin People

一个叫“海豚族”的澳大利亚土著部落

a group of people with the same interests – used especially to show disapproval

〔兴趣相同的〕一批（人），一伙〔多含贬义〕

We were only expecting Jack and his wife, but the whole tribe turned up.

我们以为只是杰克和他的妻子会来，但结果他们一大家子都来了。


tribunal

→ [industrial tribunal](->industrial tribunal)

a type of court that is given official authority to deal with a particular situation or problem

The case of your redundancy will be heard by an independent tribunal.

你被裁员一案将由一个独立的审理委员会来审理。


tribute

something that you say, do, or give in order to express your respect or admiration for someone

〔向某人表示敬慕的〕致敬；颂词；礼品

The players wore black armbands as a tribute to their late teammate.

球员们戴着黑纱悼念已故的队友。

I’d like to [pay tribute to](bold)(=praise and admire publicly) the party workers for all their hard work.

我谨向党内工作人员致敬，感谢他们的辛苦努力。

to be a clear sign of the good qualities that someone or something has

是某人/某物优良品质的标志[证明]

It was a tribute to her teaching methods that so many children passed the test.

这么多孩子通过测验，这证明了她的教学方法很有效。

a payment of goods or money by one ruler or country to another more powerful one, especially in order to be protected

〔一国向强国交付的〕贡品，贡赋，贡金


trick

→ [confidence trick](->confidence trick) [dirty trick](bold) at → [dirty](->dirty) 1 sense 6 [you can’t teach an old dog new tricks](bold) at → [teach](->teach) sense 7 → [hat trick](->hat trick)

something you do in order to deceive someone

Pretending he doesn’t remember is an old trick of his.

假装不记得是他的老花招了。

He didn’t really lose his wallet – that’s just a trick.

他并没有真的丢了钱包——这只是一个骗局。

something you do to surprise someone and to make other people laugh

我对你那些愚蠢的恶作剧感到厌烦了。

The girls were [playing tricks](bold) on their teacher.

女孩子们正在捉弄她们的老师。

something that makes things appear to be different from the way they really are

引起错觉[记忆紊乱]的事物

After walking for hours in the hot sun, his mind began [playing tricks on](bold) him.

在火辣辣的太阳底下走了很久后，他的头脑开始迷糊了。

At first he thought someone was coming towards him, but it was just [a trick of the light](bold).

开始他以为有人朝他走来，原来只是光线引起的错觉。

下流的/无耻的/卑鄙的行为

if something does the trick, it solves a problem or provides what is needed to get a good result

再加一点面粉应该就可以了。

a skilful set of actions that seem like magic, done to entertain people

My uncle was always showing me [card tricks](bold) when I was a kid.

我小时候，叔叔总是用纸牌变戏法给我看。

a way of doing something that works very well but may not be easy to notice

The trick is to bend your knees as you catch the ball.

a salesman who knew all [the tricks of the trade](bold)(=clever methods used in a particular job)

to use every method that you know, even dishonest ones, to achieve what you want

使出各种绝招，使出浑身解数

used to say that someone knows more than someone else or can do something better than them

Experienced teachers can show new teachers a trick or two.

有经验的老师总有几招可以教教新老师。

to be doing the same dishonest things that you have often done before

the cards played or won in one part of a game of cards

to have a habit of using a particular expression or of moving your face or body in a particular way

有做某事的习惯〔指经常有某种表情或某种动作〕

She had this trick of raising her eyebrows at the end of a question.

她有一个习惯，每次提问完了总要扬一下眉毛。

to always know exactly what is happening even if it does not concern you

对所发生的事无所不知［了如指掌］

Dave’s found out. He never misses a trick, does he?

戴夫已经发现了，什么都瞒不过他，是不是？

你好吗？近来如何？〔用于寒暄〕

你好，比尔！近来怎么样？

someone who pays a prostitute to have sex

[turn a trick](bold)(=to have sex with someone for money)


trick

to deceive someone in order to get something from them or to make them do something

She knew she’d been tricked, but it was too late.

她知道自己被骗了，但为时已晚。

He claimed he was tricked into carrying drugs.

他声称他是被骗才携带毒品的。

The corporation was tricked out of $20 million.

公司被骗走2,000万美元。

He tricked his way into her home by pretending to be a policeman.


trick

when a photograph or picture has been changed so that it looks different from what was really there

a question which seems easy to answer but has a hidden difficulty

a joint that is weak and can suddenly cause you problems

有毛病的膝关节/脚踝/肩关节等


tricky

[comparative](italic) [trickier](bold) [superlative](italic) [trickiest](bold)

something that is tricky is difficult to deal with or do because it is complicated and full of problems

难对付的，棘手的；问题很多的

I can get you tickets for the show but it’ll be tricky.

我能给你弄到演出的票，但会很费事。

a tricky person is clever and likely to deceive you

狡猾的，会耍花招的，诡计多端的


trigger

also: [trigger off](bold)  [v](bold) <[T](bold)>

to make something happen very quickly, especially a series of events

引发，激发〔尤指一系列事件〕

The assassination triggered off a wave of rioting.

这次暗杀事件引发了一阵骚乱。

Certain forms of mental illness can be triggered by food allergies.

某些精神疾病可由食物过敏引发。

[trigger a memory](bold)(=make you suddenly remember something)

His action [triggered](bold) a massive [response](bold) from the government.

他的行动引发了政府的巨大反应。

to make something such as a bomb or electrical system start to operate

The burglars fled after [triggering](bold) the [alarm](bold).

入室窃贼触动警报器后就逃跑了。


trigger

the part of a gun that you pull with your finger to fire it

他瞄准目标，扣动了扳机。

to be the thing that quickly causes a serious problem

The hijacking became a trigger point for military action.

这次劫持事件成了引发军事行动的导火线。


trillion

[plural](italic) trillion or [plural](italic) trillions

In a short time the number of cells is more than a trillion.

不久细胞的数量就超过了一万亿。

Japan’s exports were worth $43 trillion last year.

the trillions of dollars in the bond markets

债券市场中以万亿美元计的资金

an extremely large number of people or things

We’ve made this mistake trillions of times before.

这个错误我们以前犯过无数次了。


trim

[past tense and past participle](italic) [trimmed](bold) [present participle](italic) [trimming](bold)

to make something look neater by cutting small pieces off it

Pete was trimming the lawn around the roses.

皮特在修剪玫瑰丛周围的草坪。

to reduce a number, amount, or the size of something

我们需要削减5亿英镑的成本。

The bill would trim the number of immigrants to the US.

这项议案将削减美国外来移民的人数。

The company trimmed £46,000 from its advertising budget.

公司把广告预算削减了4.6万英镑。

to decorate something, especially clothes, by adding things that look pretty

At Christmas, the whole family helps trim the tree.

圣诞节时，全家都帮忙装饰圣诞树。

[Trim](bold)  is often passive in this meaning.

to move the sails of a boat in order to go faster


trim

a person who is trim is thin in an attractive healthy way


trim

when something is cut to make it look neater

If you want to get in trim for summer, try aerobics.

如果你想保持良好状态迎接夏天，试试有氧运动。

additional decoration on a car, piece of clothing etc

〔汽车、衣服等的〕额外装饰


trip

→ [ego trip](->ego trip) [guilt trip](bold) at → [guilt](->guilt) 1 sense 4 → [round-trip](->round-trip) 1

You [go on a trip](bold)  somewhere: We went on a trip to Morocco.
Don’t say: [go for a trip somewhere](strike)

You [go for a walk](bold)  somewhere: Miranda went for a long walk on the beach.

You [go for a drive](bold)  somewhere: We went for a drive in the mountains.

a visit to a place that involves a journey, done for pleasure, business, shopping etc

The trip to the coast took longer than we expected.

an occasion when you travel from one place to another, especially a long distance

They made the journey across the plains in a covered wagon.

the general activity of travelling, especially over long distances for pleasure. Don’t confuse [travel](bold) and [trip](bold)

a special ticket for train travel around Europe

Foreign travel is becoming increasingly popular.

She told us about her travels in South America.

a trip for pleasure, during which you visit several different towns, areas etc

a short trip to visit a place on holiday, usually by a group of people

You can go on an afternoon excursion to Catalina Island.

a long and carefully organized trip, especially to a dangerous or unfamiliar place

Lewis and Clark’s expedition across North America

Scott led an expedition to the South Pole.

a trip to or from work that someone does every day

a trip by boat from one piece of land to another

The Atlantic crossing was rough and stormy.

We went on a cruise around the Caribbean.

a very long trip in which you travel by ship or in a spacecraft

Columbus set out on his voyage across the ocean.

a long and difficult trip on foot, in a place far from towns and cities

They did a trek across the Atlas Mountains.

a trip to a holy place for religious reasons

Take a trip on the Santa Fe railway or cruise on a Mississippi paddle boat.

I couldn’t see him making the long trip to Minneapolis alone.

He was knocked off his bicycle on his way home from a shopping trip.

(=when children and teachers from a school go somewhere)

(=when you go somewhere for pleasure and come back the same day)

Take a day trip to York, which is just 15 miles away.

His wife makes a hundred and fifty mile round trip to see him twice a week.

A day or two later she began her return trip to Chicago.

(=a trip in which you do not achieve what you wanted to)

I’m afraid you’ve had a wasted trip. We don’t have those shoes in stock.

a visit to a place that involves a journey, for pleasure or a particular purpose

你去迪士尼乐园玩得开心吗？

The Palace is only a short trip from here.

王宫离这里只有很短的路程。

Two lucky employees won a round-the-world trip.

两名幸运的雇员赢得一次环游世界的机会。

沿泰晤士河而上的一次乘船旅行

[day trip](bold)(=a pleasure trip done in one day)

It’s an 80-mile [round trip](bold)(=a journey to a place and back again) to Exeter.

到埃克塞特往返有80英里。

[return trip](bold)(=when you are travelling back to where you started)

I’m afraid you’ve had a [wasted trip](bold)(=a trip in which you do not achieve your purpose), Mr Burgess has already left.

恐怕你是白来一趟了，伯吉斯先生已经走了。

We’re thinking of taking a trip to the mountains.

He was unable to [make](bold) the [trip](bold) to accept the award.

the strange mental experiences someone has when they take a drug such as LSD

〔吸毒时经历的〕迷幻感觉

a person or experience that is amusing and unusual

让人开心的奇人；奇妙有趣的经历

an act of falling as a result of hitting something with your foot


trip

[past tense and past participle](italic) [tripped](bold) [present participle](italic) [tripping](bold)

to hit something with your foot by accident so that you fall or almost fall

Clary tripped over a cable and broke his foot.

克拉里被一根电缆绊倒，脚骨折了。

他在最下面一级台阶上绊了一跤。

to make someone fall by putting your foot in front of them when they are moving

Baggio was tripped inside the penalty area.

to switch on a piece of electrical equipment by accident

一名闯入者触动了警报器。

to walk, run, or dance with quick light steps

轻快地走；小跑；轻快地跳舞

轻快地走在小巷中的小姑娘

Monofluorophosphate! It doesn’t exactly trip off the tongue, does it?

单氟磷酸盐！说起来不怎么顺口，是吧？

to experience the mental effects of a drug such as LSD

〔服用迷幻药等毒品后〕产生幻觉

他们一定是吸过毒产生了幻觉。


triple

ˈtrɪpəl ˌzɪərəʊ

ˈtrɪpəl ˌzɪərəʊ

[adj](bold) <[only before noun](bold)> [predeterminer](bold)

having three parts or involving three groups, people, events etc

three times more than a particular number

The rail system has triple the average number of accidents.

该铁路系统的事故是平均数量的三倍。


triple

to increase by three times as much, or to make something do this

→see THESAURUS at [increase](->increase) 1

The company has [tripled in size](bold).

这家公司的规模已经是原来的三倍。

We expect to triple our profits next year.

我们期望明年利润增至三倍。


triple

a hit of the ball in baseball that allows the batter to get to the third base

three turns of your body in a sport such as ice skating or gymnastics

〔滑冰、体操中的〕转体三周


triumph

to gain a victory or success after a difficult struggle

In the end, good shall triumph over evil.


triumph

an important victory or success after a difficult struggle

〔尤指苦战后获得的〕胜利，成功，成就

Winning the championship is a great [personal triumph](bold).

赢得冠军是伟大的个人成就。

a tremendous [diplomatic triumph](bold) for France

法国的一次伟大的外交胜利

a feeling of pleasure and satisfaction that you get from victory or success


triumphant

[triumphantly](bold) adv. eg: ‘I’ve got a job,’ she announced triumphantly.

showing pleasure and pride because of a victory or success

〔因胜利或成功而〕扬扬得意的，耀武扬威的

我感到很疲倦，但也很得意。

The Nationalists [emerged triumphant](bold) from the political crisis.


trivial

微不足道的，没有什么价值的

→see THESAURUS at [unimportant](->unimportant)

We were punished for the most trivial offences.

我们稍有过错就会受到惩罚。

Her feelings for Simon seemed [trivial by comparison](bold).

相比之下，她对西蒙的感情就显得微不足道了。


trolley

a large basket on wheels that you use for carrying bags, shopping etc

a small table on wheels used for serving food

〔送食物上桌的〕手推车，台车

the sweet trolley (=one for serving sweet dishes, cakes etc in a restaurant)

an electric vehicle for carrying passengers which moves along the street on metal tracks


troop

This operation was undertaken by British troops.

He demanded that all foreign troops be withdrawn from the region.

The state radio reported serious clashes between government troops and guerrillas.

He ruled out sending UN peacekeeping troops into the republic.

The advancing ground troops were provided with substantial air support.

Heavily-armed combat troops were deployed on the streets of the capital yesterday.

His platoon was captured by enemy troops.

(=the best, most skilled or most experienced troops)

The general's headquarters is guarded by crack troops.

Mauritania had declared its neutrality and withdrawn its troops.

Johnson wanted to win the war without sending in American ground troops.

(=send them to a place where they could do something)

525,000 American troops were stationed in the country.

British troops marched north to attack the German forces.

(=move forward in order to attack a place)

Government troops advanced on the rebel stronghold.

Both countries agreed to [withdraw](bold) their [troops](bold).

Johnson took the popular step of [sending in](bold) American [troops](bold).

increased [troop deployment](bold)(=when troops are moved to places where they are needed)

a group of soldiers, especially on horses or in tanks

一支部队；〔尤指〕骑兵部队，坦克部队

a group of people or animals that do something together

〔集结在一起活动的〕一群人[动物]


troop

[v](bold) <[I always + adv/prep](bold)> [informal](special)

if a group of people troop somewhere, they walk there together in a way that shows they are tired or bored

After rehearsals, we’d all troop off to the cafeteria.

排练后，我们大家就会一起走着去食堂。