fight

fight back
fight down
fight off
fight out

[past tense and past participle](italic) [fought](bold) /fɔːt/ US /fɒːt/

打（仗），与（ …）作战，战斗

the families of those who fought in the war

rebel forces fighting against the Russians

他们为争夺那些岛屿的控制权而战。

Neither country is capable of [fighting](bold) a long [war](bold).

两个国家都没有能力打持久战。

Later the Indians fought the Anglo settlers.

后来，印第安人跟英国殖民者打起了仗。

[Fight](bold)  is a reciprocal verb. This type of verb is used when saying that two or more people or groups do something that involves both or all of them. It does not need to have an object: The Republicans and the Nationalists fought.  In this sentence, [fight](bold)  is intransitive and does not have an object.

You can also say: The Republicans and the Nationalists fought each other. The Republicans fought the Nationalists.  In these sentences, [fight](bold)  is transitive.

if someone fights another person, or if two people fight, they hit and kick the other person in order to hurt them

（与 …）打斗，（与 …）打架，斗殴

Two guys were fighting with each other in the street.

他们在为一个女孩子打架。

She fought him desperately, kicking and biting.

她又踢又咬，与他拼命厮打。

努力争取，（为 …）斗争

Stockley is [fighting for](bold) his [life](bold)(=trying to stay alive), with serious head injuries.

斯托克利头部严重受伤，在与死神搏斗。

She [fought](bold) her [way](bold) back into the first team.

她奋力拼搏，又回到了第一团队。

to try very hard to prevent something or to get rid of something unpleasant that already exists

极力反对，（与 …）作斗争

People are fighting against repression and injustice.

民众在与压迫和不公平作斗争。

We will fight terrorism, wherever it exists.

不管哪里有恐怖主义，我们都要打击。

to take part in an election or compete strongly for something, especially a job or political position

参加（选举）；激烈争夺（职位或政治地位）

The prime minister decided to fight an early general election.

首相决定提前打响大选之战。

He had to fight several other applicants for the job.

他得与其他几个申请人争夺该职位。

Both men were used to fighting for power.

两个人都习惯了权力之争。

They’re fighting about who should do the dishes.

他们在为该谁洗碗碟而争吵。

参加拳击赛，（与 …）进行拳击比赛

Ali fought Foreman for the heavyweight title.

阿里迎战福尔曼，争夺重量级拳击冠军。

to try very hard not to have or show a feeling

She was clearly fighting with her emotions.

她显然是在克制自己的感情。

to try to get something or prevent something in a court of law

The insurance company are fighting the claims in court.

fight your way (through/past etc sb/sth)

to move somewhere with difficulty, for example because there are so many people around you

奋力（从某人/某物中）开出一条路

to try to do something that you probably cannot succeed in doing

I’m fighting a losing battle on this diet.

这样节食我肯定坚持不下去。

to have a chance to do something or achieve something if you try very hard

Lewis has a fighting chance to win the gold medal.

刘易斯如果努力拼搏，还是有机会得金牌的。

fight tooth and nail (for sth)/fight sth tooth and nail

to try very hard to do or achieve something, or to prevent something

He’s rich now, but he had to fight tooth and nail for it.

他现在有钱了，但那是他奋斗出来的。

to fight until one person or group is dead or completely defeated

to fight for what you want, without needing help from other people

妈，我现在可以独自应付了。

In the second half the team showed their true fighting spirit.

下半场，该队显示出了真正的斗志。

something you say that shows that you want to fight hard for something

to use the same methods as your opponents in an argument, competition etc

以毒攻毒；以其人之道还治其人之身

if two people fight like cat and dog, they argue a lot because they dislike each other or disagree

I didn’t get on with her at work either – we fought like cat and dog.

我和她在工作上也合不来——我们吵个没完。

to try to persuade people that your ideas about something are right and should be accepted

The prime minister made it clear that Britain would fight its corner on Europe.

首相明确表示，英国将尽全力说服欧洲。

to try to avoid doing something or being involved in something

避免做某事；避免参与某事，回避某事


fight

a situation in which people hit or attack each other because of an argument, or as a sport

the famous fight between Muhammad Ali and George Foreman

a fight between opposing armies or groups of people

The English king was killed at the Battle of Hastings.

There was a short scuffle with the police, but no arrests were made.

a fight in which people hit each other because of an argument

a short noisy argument or fight, especially one that is not serious

There was a brief altercation and someone called the police.

a fight involving a large number of people, especially people who are protesting about something

The book provoked riots all over Europe.

the process in which people try to stop something bad from happening or to improve a situation

Schools have an important part to play in the fight against drugs.

a fight to change a situation or deal with a problem in society

The battle against racial discrimination is not over.

a planned series of actions intended to achieve something

Motoring organizations started a campaign for safer roads.

a long, hard fight for freedom, independence, equal rights etc

Nkrumah led the people in their struggle for independence.

someone’s fight against something they think is morally wrong

She intends to continue her crusade against sex and violence on TV.

The two men got into a fight over a girl.

They started a fight in the crowded bar.

The guy tried to pick a fight with Jack.

The police were called in to break up a fight outside a nightclub.

He always won every fight he was in at school.

The kids went round in gangs, all spoiling for a fight.

A fight broke out and one man was struck on the head.

The fight took place outside a nightclub.

They ended up having a big fight in the pub.

There was a fierce fight with rebel forces and several soldiers were killed.

There were reports of street fights every night in the local newspaper.

(=a fight in which people hit each other with their closed hands)

There have been several arrests, following knife fights between drunken fans.

(=a fight between two boxers to decide who will win a competition)

a situation in which two people or groups hit, push etc each other

Her son was always getting into fights at school.

They ended up having a fight with each other.

the process of trying to achieve something or prevent something

The little girl lost her [fight for life](bold)(=fight to stay alive) last night.

昨晚，那个小女孩未能战胜死神。

You’ll [have a fight on](bold) your [hands](bold)(=it will be difficult) to convince the committee.

要说服委员会，你可得费一番功夫。

They’ve [had](bold) a [fight](bold) with the neighbours.

Are you going to watch the big fight tonight?

你准备看今晚的拳击大赛吗？

energy or the desire to keep fighting for something you want

There’s plenty of fight left in your grandmother.

to work very hard to fight or compete in a difficult situation

〔在困难情况下〕英勇斗争，顽强奋斗

a fight that continues until one side is completely defeated

一决胜负的战斗，生死较量


fighter

→ [firefighter](->firefighter) → [freedom fighter](->freedom fighter)

(also: [=fighter plane/aircraft/jet](bold) )

a small fast military plane that can destroy other planes

He was shot down by [enemy fighters](bold).

someone who fights, especially as a sport

someone who keeps trying to achieve something in difficult situations

詹姆斯是个斗士——他从不放弃。


fighting

when people or groups fight each other in a war, in the street etc

[heavy fighting](bold) between government and rebel forces

政府军和叛军之间的激烈战斗

[Fighting broke out](bold) in the crowds.


figurative

ˈfɪɡjərətɪv, -ɡə-

ˈfɪɡjərətɪv, -ɡə-

[figuratively](bold) adv. eg: They have a taste – [figuratively speaking](bold) – for excitement.

a figurative word or phrase is used in a different way from its usual meaning, to give you a particular idea or picture in your mind

He’s my son, [in the figurative sense](bold) of the word.

打个比方，他就像是我的儿子。

figurative art shows objects, people, or the countryside as they really look


figure

There have been changes in the way the unemployment figures are calculated.

(=showing the value of a country's exports compared to imports)

Trade figures showed a slump last month.

Government figures suggest a moderate recovery in consumer spending.

According to official figures, two million houses in England are inadequately heated.

The latest figures show that crimes are down by 0.2 percent.

The government was unable to give the exact figure for the number of foreign workers in the country.

He gave us an approximate figure for the cost of the repairs.

Can you give me a ballpark figure of the likely price?

The death toll in the region has reached five figures.

I must have made a mistake when I added up the figures.

The company will release the sales figures later this week.

Women heads of department are in single figures.

Only two of the group had scores in double figures.

In round figures, about 20 million people emigrated from Europe during that period.

According to official figures, exam results have improved again this year.

(=a number in the thousands/ten thousands/hundred thousands etc)

Choose a four figure number that you can easily remember.

→ [double figures](->double figures) → [single figures](->single figures)

a number representing an amount, especially an official number

〔尤指官方公布的〕数据，数字

Ohio’s unemployment figures for December

俄亥俄州12月份的失业数据

Government figures underestimate the problem.

政府的数据对这一问题反映不足。

It’s about 30,000 [in round figures](bold)(=to the nearest 10, 20, 100 etc).

a number from 0 to 9, written as a character rather than a word

〔从0到9的〕数字符号，位数

executives with salaries [in six figures](bold)(=more than £99,999)

[a four/five/six figure number](bold)(=a number in the thousands, ten thousands, hundred thousands etc)

[cult figure](bold) at → [cult](->cult) 2

someone who is important or famous in some way

〔重要的或有名的〕人物，人士

Several leading figures resigned from the party.

数位重要人物退出了该党。

the outstanding [political figure](bold) of his time

他那个时代杰出的政治人物

someone with a particular type of appearance or character, especially when they are far away or difficult to see

Through the window I could see the commanding figure of Mrs Bradshaw.

透过窗户，我看到了布拉德肖太太威严的身影。

〔女性的〕体形，身材，身段

[keep/lose your figure](bold)(=stay thin or become fat)

Most women have to [watch](bold) their [figure](bold)(=be careful not to get fat).

大多数女性不得不注意保持身材。

someone who is considered to be like a father etc, or to represent authority, because of their character or behaviour

the activity of adding, multiplying etc numbers

[have a head for figures](bold)(=be good at arithmetic)

六边形是一种有六条边的几何图形。

a person in a painting or a model of a person

〔绘画或模型中的〕人像，人形

a numbered drawing or a diagram in a book

〔书中有编号的〕图，图表

to say exactly how much something is worth, or how much or how many of something you are talking about

It’s worth a lot but I couldn’t put a figure on it.

这东西值很多钱，但是我说不出具体数字。


figure

to be an important part of a process, event, or situation, or to be included in something

Social issues [figured prominently](bold) in the talks.

My wishes didn’t figure among his considerations.

我的愿望不在他的考虑之中。

Reform now [figures high](bold) on the agenda.

to form a particular opinion after thinking about a situation

〔经过考虑后〕认为，以为

From the way he behaved, I figured that he was drunk.

从他的行为来看，我认为他醉了。

used to say that something that happens is expected or typical, especially something bad

〔尤指不好的事〕在意料之中，早就料到了

‘It rained the whole weekend.’ ‘Oh, that figures.’

“整个周末都在下雨。”“噢，早料到了。”

used to say that something is reasonable or makes sense

[It figures that](bold) she’d be mad at you, after what you did.

你那么做，她对你发火是在情理之中的。

said to show that you think something is strange or difficult to explain

这就怪了〔表示认为某事奇怪或难以解释〕

‘He didn’t even leave a message.’ ‘Go figure.’

“他甚至没有留个口信。”“这就怪了。”


file

→ [single file](->single file) → [rank and file](->rank and file)

You may need to close the file and restart the computer.

Save the file under a different filename.

You won’t be able to access the file if another user has opened it.

I edited the file and saved it to the hard disk.

To copy a file, save it using a new filename.

He was trying to move  the file from one folder to another.

(=move it from one computer system to another)

You can transfer files and share your stuff with friends.

(=move a copy of it from the Internet or another computer to your computer)

It just takes a few seconds to download the file.

(=move a copy of it from your computer to the Internet or another computer)

Restart the web browser, and then upload the file.

Double-click on the icon and it will load the zip file onto your computer.

(=make it smaller so that it uses less space on a computer)

The program allows you to compress files.

Delete some of the old computer files and create some space on the hard drive.

(=a copy of a file, which is made in case the original becomes lost or damaged)

You can burn your backup file to CD or DVD.

The text file contains hints on how to get the best out of the program.

The bigger the data file, the more time is needed to search it.

This handy utility allows you to change graphics files from one format to another.

a set of papers, records etc that contain information about a particular person or subject

Mendoza read over the file on the murders.

门多萨阅读了这几起凶杀案的卷宗。

The FBI [keeps files on](bold) former White House employees.

联邦调查局存有前白宫雇员的档案。

We will [keep](bold) your details [on file](bold)(=store them for later use).

我们将把你的详细资料存档。

a box or piece of folded card in which you store loose papers

她从架子上抽出一个蓝色文件夹。

information on a computer that you store under a particular name

a list of all the files and folders on your hard disk

你硬盘上全部文件及文件夹的列表

a metal tool with a rough surface that you rub on something to make it smooth

a line of people who are standing or walking one behind the other

等我们排着纵队出发时天已经黑了。


file

to keep papers, documents etc in a particular place so that you can find them easily

The contracts are [filed alphabetically](bold).

这些合同是按字母顺序归档的。

I looked to see if anything was filed under my name.

我看了看，想知道是否有文档存在我名下。

The handbooks are filed away for future reference.

这些手册被存放起来以备将来参考。

to give or send an official report or news story to your employer

〔向雇主〕提交〔报告或新闻〕

The officer left the scene without filing a report.

警察没有提交报告就离开了现场。

to give a document to a court or other organization so that it can be officially recorded and dealt with

提起（诉讼）；提出（申请）

[file a complaint/lawsuit/petition etc (against sb)](bold)

Mr Genoa filed a formal complaint against the department.

吉诺阿先生正式投诉了那个部门。

The Morrisons have [filed for divorce](bold).

莫里森夫妇已提出离婚申请。

Today is the deadline for Americans to [file](bold) their [tax returns](bold).

今天是美国人递交纳税申报单的截止日。

if people file somewhere, they walk there in a line

我们鱼贯而出，走进停车场。

to use a metal or wooden tool to rub something in order to make it smooth


fill

[Fill](bold)  belongs to a group of verbs where the same noun can be the subject of the verb or its object.

You can say: She filled the bath with water.  In this sentence, ‘the bath’ is the object of [fill](bold) .

You can say: The bath filled with water.  In this sentence, ‘the bath’ is the subject of [fill](bold) .

to put enough of something into a container to make it full

Jenny filled the kettle and put it on to boil.

Party balloons can be filled with helium.

to fill something completely – used especially about putting petrol in the tank of a car

The waiter filled up everyone’s glasses.

If the oil tank is less than half full, tell them to fill it up.

to fill a vehicle with goods, furniture etc

Two men were loading a truck with boxes of melons.

to quickly fill something such as a bag or pocket by pushing things into it tightly

She hurriedly stuffed some things into an overnight bag and left.

to fill a container again, after what was in it has been used

I’m just going to refill this bottle from the tap.

to fill a glass or cup that still has some liquid in it

to make something full again, especially with a supply of something such as water or food

The lake is fed by springs that are eternally replenished by the rain.

if a container or place fills, or if you fill it, enough of something goes into it to make it full

He poured her a drink, then filled his own glass.

他给她倒了一杯酒，然后将自己的杯子斟满。

Take a deep breath and allow your lungs to fill.

深吸一口气，让肺部胀满。

[fill sth to the brim/to overflowing](bold)(=fill something completely)

There was just enough wind to fill the sails.

正好有足够大的风鼓满船帆。

Miller’s band was filling dance halls (=attracting a lot of people) all over the country.

米勒的乐队在全国各地的舞厅演出都人气爆棚。

if a thing or group fills something, there is no space left

Crowds of well-wishers filled the streets.

His wartime experiences would fill a book!

他的战时经历足以写一本书了！

All the seats were filled and a number of people were standing.

位子全坐满了，还有许多人站着。

Numerous pictures [fill](bold) every available [space](bold).

密密麻麻的照片填满了每一块空处。

if a sound, smell, or light fills a place, you notice it because it is very loud or strong

〔声音、气味或光〕遍及，弥漫，充满

The smell of freshly baked bread filled the room.

刚出炉的烤面包香味弥漫整个房间。

The air was filled with the sound of children’s laughter.

空气中充满孩子们的笑声。

if you are filled with an emotion, or if it fills you, you feel it very strongly

[be filled with admiration/joy/happiness etc](bold)

[be filled with horror/fear/anger/doubt/remorse](bold)

Their faces were suddenly filled with fear.

他们的脸上顿时写满了恐惧。

将要发生的事使他心中充满恐惧。

to provide something that is needed or wanted but which has not been available or present before

Volunteers fill a real need for teachers in the Somali Republic.

志愿者满足了索马里共和国对教师的迫切需求。

I spent most of the summer filling the gaps in my education.

这年夏天的大部分时间，我都在弥补自己学识上的欠缺。

The company has moved quickly to fill the niche in the overnight travel market.

该公司立刻采取行动，填补过夜游市场的空白。

if you fill a period of time with a particular activity, you spend that time doing it

[fill your time/the days etc (with sth)](bold)

to perform a particular job, activity, or purpose in an organization, or to find someone or something to do this

（派人）担任；（找某物）充任

[fill a post/position/vacancy etc](bold)

Women fill 35% of senior management positions.

女性担任35%的高级管理职位。

Thank you for your letter. Unfortunately, the vacancy has already been filled.

感谢你的来信，遗憾的是这一空缺已经有人填补。

The UK should find another weapon to [fill](bold) the same [role](bold).

英国应当寻求其他武器来发挥同样的作用。

to put a substance into a hole, crack etc to make a surface level

Fill in any cracks before starting to paint.

先把裂缝填塞好再开始粉刷。

materials developed to fill tooth cavities

研制出来以填补牙洞的材料

to eat so much food that you cannot eat any more

to supply the goods that a customer has ordered

The company is struggling to fill $11 million in back orders.

该公司在赶一批1,100万美元的欠交订单。

We needed an experienced reporter and Willis fills the bill.

我们需要一个经验丰富的记者，而威利斯正是合适的人选。

to do the work that someone else normally does, especially when this is difficult because they have set a high standard

接替某人的工作〔尤用于指工作要求高、难度大时〕


fill

to have done something or experienced something, especially something unpleasant, so that you do not want any more

I’ve had my fill of screaming kids for one day.

这一整天我已经听够了孩子们的尖叫。

to eat or drink as much as you want or need


film

We saw a good film last night at the cinema.

She once appeared in a film with Al Pacino.

(=be one of the main characters in a film)

Robert Mitchum starred in a film called 'River of No Return' with Marilyn Monroe.

The film was directed by Jean-Luc Godard.

The film was edited using the latest digital technology.

Sutton has been making a film for Australian television.

The film is being shown in cinemas all across the country.

Warner Bros became the first major studio to distribute its films over the Internet.

(=it is made available for people to see)

John Wayne was best-known for his roles in cowboy films.

(=a full-length film shown in the cinema)

Shane Meadows’ first feature film was 'Twenty Four Seven'.

He has just completed a documentary film about Thomas Jefferson.

Young directors began making small independent films.

(=a film in a language that is not the audience’s native language)

Foreign-language films seldom do well at the box office.

He’s currently producing his own low-budget film.

a big-budget film aimed at the mass market

(=made in the time before films had sound)

Scorsese is a highly respected figure in the film industry.

a European film company trying to compete with the major Hollywood studios

(=a special building where films are made)

Many of the scenes were shot in a film studio.

John Voight, the American film star, is perhaps best known for his Oscar winning performance in 'Midnight Cowboy'.

This year’s festival includes a tribute to the French film director Bertrand Tavernier.

(=someone who controls the preparation of a film)

British film producer Alexander Korda decided to make a movie about Vienna.

(=someone who makes films, especially as a director)

He is one of several exciting young film makers.

The film’s soundtrack was composed by Ennio Morricone.

In 'La Strada', Nino Rota demonstrates the poetic power of film music.

The Berlin Film Festival attracted more than 400 films from around the world.

Film premieres tend to be glamorous occasions.

(=a group of people working together to make a film)

The film crew are making a documentary about village life.

The company produces digital film cameras.

(=someone who is interested in films and knows a lot about them)

Film buffs will enjoy reading 'The 100 Best Movies of All Time'.

The review was written by 'The Daily Telegraph’s' film critic.

She’s studying for a diploma in film studies.

a story that is told using sound and moving pictures, shown at a cinema or on television

你最近看过什么好的影片吗？

moving pictures of real events that are shown on television or at a cinema

the race to be first with [film footage](bold)(=pictures) of news events

抢先播出新闻事件实况片段的竞赛

the work of making films, considered as an art or a business

我对摄影和电影制作感兴趣。

the thin plastic used in a camera for taking photographs or recording moving pictures

I [shot](bold) five [rolls of film](bold) on vacation.

我在度假时拍了五卷胶卷。

[record/capture/preserve sth on film](bold)

The whole incident was recorded on film.

事件的整个过程都被拍摄下来。

a very thin layer of liquid, powder etc on the surface of something

a film of oil on the surface of the water


film

[filming](bold) n. <U> eg: Filming starts in October.

to use a camera to record a story or real events so that they can be shown in the cinema or on television

把 …拍成电影，拍摄（影片）

She’s in South Africa filming a documentary for the BBC.

她在南非为英国广播公司拍摄一部纪录片。

a thriller [filmed](bold) entirely [on location](bold) in Washington

全部拍摄于华盛顿外景地的一部惊悚片


film-maker

someone who makes films, especially a director or producer

电影制作人〔尤指导演或制片人〕


filter

something that you pass water, air etc through in order to remove unwanted substances and make it clean or suitable to use

filter cigarettes (=with a filter at the end)

a piece of equipment or computer program that only allows certain sounds, images, signals, types of information etc to pass through it

〔只允许特定声音、图像、信号、信息等通过的〕过滤器，过滤程序

The firm uses electronic filters to prevent workers from accessing the Internet.

该公司利用电子过滤器来防止员工上网。

a traffic light that shows car drivers when they can turn right or left

〔指示汽车司机左转或右转的〕分流转弯信号灯


filter

to remove unwanted substances from water, air etc by passing it through a special substance or piece of equipment

The water in the tank is constantly filtered.

鱼缸里的水在不停地过滤。

The ozone layer filters harmful UV rays from the sun.

臭氧层过滤掉有害的太阳紫外线。

if people filter somewhere, they move gradually to that place

〔人群〕逐渐移动，逐渐走过

Chattering noisily, the crowd began to filter into the auditorium.

人群叽叽喳喳地说着话，慢慢步入会堂。

if news, information etc filters somewhere, people gradually hear about it from each other

〔消息、信息等〕慢慢传开，走漏，泄露

The news gradually filtered through from Bombay last night.

if light or sound filters into a place, it can be seen or heard only slightly

〔光线或声音〕隐约地透过，隐约地传入

Moonlight filtered in through the frosted window.

月光透过磨砂玻璃窗隐约照射进来。

The familiar notes of Beethoven’s ‘Für Elise’ filtered from the bar.

贝多芬《致爱丽丝》那熟悉的旋律从酒吧传来。

if traffic filters, or if a system filters it, cars can turn left or right while other vehicles going straight ahead must wait

（使）〔车辆〕分流转弯〔直行的车辆必须等待〕


filthy

[comparative](italic) [filthier](bold) [superlative](italic) [filthiest](bold)

The house was filthy, with clothes and newspapers strewn everywhere.

屋子里很脏，衣服和报纸扔得到处都是。

showing or describing sexual acts in a very rude or offensive way

Your problem is you’ve got a [filthy mind](bold)(=you are always thinking about sex).

你的问题是满脑子下流念头。

Simon had been drinking and was in a filthy temper.

西蒙一直在喝酒，气冲冲的。

the weather, a night etc that is very cold and wet

寒冷潮湿的天气/夜晚/一天

今天晚上出去又冷又潮湿。


filthy

very rich – usually used to say you think someone has too much money


fin

one of the thin body parts that a fish uses to swim

part of a plane that sticks up at the back and helps it to fly smoothly

a thin piece of metal that sticks out from a car or bomb at the back

〔汽车、炸弹的〕鳍状稳定板


final

[in the final analysis](bold) at → [analysis](->analysis) sense 4

last in a series of actions, events, parts of a story etc

The final episode will be shown tonight.

students preparing for their final examinations

Stone is filming the final instalment of his Vietnam trilogy.

斯通正在拍摄越战三部曲的最后一部。

the [final stages](bold) in their relationship

They scored in the [final minutes](bold) of the game.

他们在比赛的最后几分钟得分。

The [final whistle](bold)(=blown at the end of a game) was only seconds away when Redknapp equalised.

雷德克纳普将比分扳平的时候，离终场哨声吹响只剩几秒钟了。

[final demand](bold) BrE(=the last bill you receive for money you owe before court action is taken against you)

being the result at the end of a process

有谁知道最后的比分是多少？

I do not know what the final outcome will be.

我不知道最终结果将会是什么。

if a decision, offer, answer etc is final, it cannot or will not be changed

〔决定、报价、答复等〕不可改变的，决定性的，最终的

The judge’s [decision](bold) is [final](bold).

这位法官的判决是最终判决。

We can advise the client, but in the end it is he who [has the final say](bold).

我们可以提出建议，但是最终的决定权还是在客户自己手里。

[and that’s final!](bold)(=used to say forcefully that you will not change your decision)

She’s not coming with us, and that’s final!

她不跟我们一起去，就这么定了！

happening at or near the end of an event or process

In the final years of his life, Hervey achieved high office in the church.

赫维在他生命的最后几年中获得了教会的要职。

used to emphasize that the last thing in a series of events is very severe or damaging

最大的〔强调最后出现的某事物是极严重或极具破坏力的〕

The vote of no confidence was the final humiliation for a government that had been clinging to office.

不信任投票是对死赖在台上的政府的最大羞辱。


final

the last and most important game, race, or set of games in a competition

He’s through to the men’s tennis final for the first time.

他第一次打进男子网球决赛。

[the finals](bold)(=the last few games or races in a competition)

the set of examinations that students take at the end of their time at university

安娜去年夏天参加了大学毕业考试。

an important test that you take at the end of a particular class in high school or college

〔高中或大学的〕期终考试


finalize

[finalization](bold) /ˌfaɪn/ US /-nl-ə-/  n. <U>

BrE also: finalise  [v](bold) <[T](bold)>

to finish the last part of a plan, business deal etc

最后定下，使〔计划、交易等〕确定

Jo flew out to Thailand to finalize the details of the deal.

乔乘飞机去往泰国，敲定这笔生意的具体事宜。


finally

after a long time, especially when there have been difficulties or delays. [In the end](bold) is used especially in spoken English

After a lot of questioning, James finally admitted he had taken the car.

The plane eventually arrived at 6:30 – over three hours late.

In the end, I decided that the best thing to do was to ask Billy for help.

used when something good happens after you have waited for it for a long time

I’m really glad that Ken’s found a job at last.

At long last after a very long timehe was able to see his family again.

after a long time and when there have been a lot of worries, problems, or delays

After much ado, we moved into our new house last week.

After several delays we finally took off at six o'clock.

几经耽搁后，我们终于在六点起飞了。

Finally, Karpov cracked under the pressure.

最后，卡尔波夫承受不住压力崩溃了。

used to introduce the last in a series of things

And finally, I’d like to thank the crew.

最后，我要感谢全体工作人员。

used when talking about the last in a series of actions

She drove off at great speed, hit several parked cars, and finally crashed into a lamp-post.

她驾车飞速离去，连撞几辆停着的汽车，最后撞到了一根路灯柱上。

The matter was not finally settled until 1475.

那件事到了1475年才彻底解决。


finance

the management of money by governments, large organizations etc

leasing and other forms of business finance

the world of [high finance](bold)(=financial activities involving very large amounts of money)

the money that an organization or person has, and the way that they manage it

〔机构或个人的〕财务情况

She refused to answer questions about her personal finances.

她拒绝回答有关个人财务状况的问题。

money provided by a bank or other institution to help buy or do something

We need to [raise finance](bold) for further research.

我们需要为进一步研究筹资。


finance

[financing](bold) n. <U> eg: The financing for the deal has been approved in principle.

to provide money, especially a lot of money, to pay for something

The concerts are financed by the Arts Council.

音乐会由艺术协会出资举办。


financial

[financially](bold) adv. eg: He was successful and [financially secure](bold). eg: Is the project [financially viable](bold)?

relating to money or the management of money

businesses that provide personal financial services

relating to the money of a country, area, or society, and the way it is earned, spent, and controlled

American voters were anxious for a change in economic policy.

relating to the money, debts, tax etc that are owned and managed by the government

The Indian government is trying to reduce the fiscal deficit.

relating to money, especially all the money in a country, and how it is managed

The Bank of Thailand has retained a tight monetary policy.

relating to the official plan of how the money of a country or organization is spent

City officials are facing tough budgetary decisions.

[adj](bold) <[usually before noun](bold)>

Organic farmers should be encouraged with financial incentives.

应对实行有机栽培的农民给予经济上的鼓励。

It was a wonderful film, but not exactly [a financial success](bold)(=something that makes a profit).

这是一部出色的影片，但在票房上不是很成功。


find

to get or see something that you have been searching for

Police later found the car abandoned in a wood.

to find something that was hidden or that people did not know about before

A second bomb has been discovered in south London.

The airline are still trying to locate my luggage.

Online maps make it easy to locate almost any place in the world.

to find something unexpectedly when you are not looking for it

I came across some old letters from my father in my drawer.

to find something unexpectedly, especially something very important

They may have stumbled across some vital evidence.

Completely by chance we had stumbled on the biggest hit of the year.

to find someone or something that has disappeared, especially by a careful process of collecting information

She had given up all hope of tracing her missing daughter.

to find someone or something that is difficult to find by searching in different places

I’ve been trying to track down a book that’s out of print.

The police managed to track down the killer.

to find something that has been hidden or lost for a long time, by digging or searching for it

In 1796, a carved stone was unearthed near the burial mound.

[past tense and past participle](italic) [found](bold) /faʊnd/

to discover, see, or get something that you have been searching for

发现，找到〔一直在寻找之物〕

Her body was later found hidden in the bushes.

后来她的尸体被发现藏在了灌木丛里。

She had almost given up hope of finding a husband.

她差不多要放弃找个丈夫的希望了。

Tony asked us to find him office facilities in New York.

托尼要我们替他在纽约找个办公地点。

Her mother went to the shops, and on her return, Kathleen was [nowhere to be found](bold)(=could not be found).

妈妈去买东西，回来的时候凯瑟琳找不到了。

to discover something by chance, especially something useful or interesting

〔意外〕碰见〔尤指有用或有意思的东西〕

我在大街上捡到一只皮夹子。

我们在宾馆附近发现一家不错的酒吧。

to discover that someone or something is in a particular condition or doing a particular thing when you see or touch them

发现〔某人或某物处在某状态或在做某事〕

I’m sure we’ll find her hard at work when we get home.

我确信我们到家时会发现她在努力干活。

He tried the door and found it unlocked.

She [woke to find](bold) a man by her bed.

她醒来时发现床边有个男人。

Often he found her quietly weeping alone.

他常常发现她独自默默流泪。

She looked at her glass and was amazed to find it was empty.

她看了一眼自己的杯子，惊奇地发现里面空了。

to be in a particular state or do a particular thing, or to realize that this is happening, especially when you did not expect or intend it

发现，发觉〔尤指无意中处于某状态或在做某事〕

After wandering around, we found ourselves back at the hotel.

闲逛一圈之后，我们不知不觉又回到了宾馆。

[find yourself/your mind etc doing sth](bold)

When he left, Karen found herself heaving a huge sigh of relief.

他走了，卡伦如释重负，长舒了一口气。

She tried to concentrate, but found her mind drifting back to Alex.

她想集中精神，但是发觉自己的思绪又飘回到了亚历克斯身上。

to discover or learn something by study, tests, sums etc

〔经研究、测试、计算等〕发现，找出，查明

The federal government isn’t doing enough to find a cure.

联邦政府未尽全力去寻找对策。

The liquid was found to contain 7.4g of phenylamine.

测得该液体中含有7.4克苯胺。

His study found that married men and women had similar spending patterns.

他的研究发现，已婚男女的消费模式相似。

In more formal English, you say [it was found that](bold)  something was true: It was found that over 50% of children had seen the ad.

to have a particular feeling or opinion, or to have a particular feeling or opinion about someone or something

Will Gary and Gail find happiness together?

加里和盖尔在一起会幸福吗？

[find sth/sb easy/useful/interesting etc](bold)

Lots of women I know find him attractive.

我认识的许多女性都认为他有魅力。

[find it hard/easy/difficult etc (to do sth)](bold)

Hyperactive children find it difficult to concentrate.

多动的孩子觉得很难集中注意力。

to have the experience of discovering that something happens or is true

You might find that his work improves now he’s at a new school.

你可能会发现，他到了新学校，学习进步了。

I find people are often surprised at how little it costs.

我发现人们常常很惊讶于它竟那么便宜。

I think you’ll find more women entering the film business now.

我想你会发现现在越来越多的女性进入电影行业。

I found the people to be charming and very friendly.

我发现那里的人可爱而且非常友好。

if something is found somewhere, it lives or exists there naturally

This species is only found in West Africa.

to succeed in getting enough of something, especially money, time, or energy, to be able to do something

He’s struggling to find the money for the trip.

他在努力筹措旅行的资金。

Where are we going to find the time, the support, and the resources to do all this?

我们到哪里去找时间和人力物力做这一切呢？

to make an official decision in a court of law

[find sb guilty/not guilty (of sth)](bold)

Both men were found guilty of illegally entering the country.

两名男子都被判定为非法入境。

The tribunal found in favour of the defendant.

to reach a place by discovering the right way to get there

if something finds its way somewhere, it arrives or gets there after some time

〔一段时间后〕（自然）到达

Her invention has found its way into the shops.

她的发明摆上了商店的柜台。

find comfort/pleasure/fulfilment etc in sth

to experience a good feeling because of something

在某事中找到安慰/快乐/满足等

He eventually [found solace in](bold) religion.

他终于在宗教中找到了慰藉。

to criticize someone or something, often unfairly and frequently

批评某人/某物，挑某人/某物的毛病

He could always find fault with something, either in my writing or in my personality.

他总能找出什么毛病来，不是我的文章就是我的性格。

find it in your heart/yourself to do sth

感觉能做某事；愿意做某事

Seb could not find it in his heart to tell Nahum.

to discover what you are really like and what you want to do – often used humorously

发现自我〔常为幽默用法〕

得宠，受青睐（于某人/某事物）

The recipes rapidly found favour with restaurant owners.

这些食谱很快就受到了餐馆老板的青睐。

to become confident in a new situation, especially one that is difficult at first

习惯新的环境〔尤指起初困难的环境〕

Rob is still finding his feet as a coach.

罗布还在适应教练这一角色。

She soon saw that her accusation had found its mark.

她很快就看到，她的谴责达到了预期效果。

if a bullet,arrow etc finds its mark etc, it hits what it is supposed to hit

if a remark, criticism etc finds its mark etc, it has the effect that you intended it to have

〔言论、批评等〕击中要害，达到目的

to manage to say something after being too nervous to talk

〔紧张过后〕恢复说话能力

if a writer, musician etc finds their voice, they are able to express their views, ideas, art etc in the way they want to

〔作家、音乐家等〕能从心所欲表达自己的心声

a young film-maker who has finally found his voice

终于能表达自己心声的一位年轻的电影制作人


find

something very good or useful that you discover by chance

〔偶然〕发现的好东西；〔有用的〕发现物

something that someone finds, especially by digging or by searching under water

〔尤指通过挖掘或水下打捞找到的〕发现物


finding

the information that someone has discovered as a result of their study, work etc

〔调查、研究等的〕结果，结论

Surveys conducted in other countries reported similar findings.

在其他国家进行的调查也报告说有类似的结果。

〔法官或陪审团的〕裁决，判决


fine

[chance would be a fine thing](bold) at → [chance](->chance) 1 sense 11

“我们8点30分见吧。”“好的，可以。”

理论上，这个计划听起来不错。

If you want to use cheese instead of chicken, [that’s fine](bold).

要是你想用奶酪来替代鸡肉，也是可以的。

‘Do you want chili sauce on it?’ ‘No, [it’s fine as it is](bold), thanks.’

“你要浇上辣椒汁吗？”“不用了，这样就很好，谢谢。”

[I’m fine (thanks/thank you)](bold) [spoken](special)(=used when telling someone that you do not want any more when they offer you something)

‘More coffee?’ ‘No, [I’m fine](bold), thanks.’

“再来点咖啡吗？”“不了，我够了，谢谢。”

[that’s fine by me/that’s fine with me etc](bold) [spoken](special)(=used when saying that you do not mind about something)

If Scott wanted to keep his life secret, that was fine by her.

如果斯科特想要隐瞒他的生活状况，她也无所谓。

‘How are you?’ ‘Fine, thanks, how are you?’

“你好吗？”“很好，谢谢，你呢？”

Many people regard Beethoven’s fifth symphony as his finest work.

很多人认为贝多芬的第五交响曲是他最杰出的作品。

Hatfield House is a [fine example of](bold) Jacobean architecture.

哈特菲尔德庄园是英王詹姆斯一世时期建筑的典范。

The restaurant was chosen for its good food and [fine wines](bold).

这家餐厅因其美酒佳肴而入选。

如果明天天气晴朗，我们就出门。

我希望天气能为你一直晴下去。

Her dark hair accentuates her [fine features](bold)(=nose, eyes, cheeks etc).

黑发衬托出了她清秀的五官。

fine details, changes, differences etc are very small and therefore difficult to understand or notice

〔细节、变化、差别等〕细微的

We stayed up discussing the [finer points](bold) of Marxist theory.

我们讨论马克思主义理论的细微之处直到深夜。

a mixture of fine and coarse breadcrumbs

fine material is made so that the spaces between the threads are very small

used humorously to say that someone or something is bad in some way

That’s another [fine mess](bold)(=bad situation) he’s got himself into.

这是他闯下的又一个大祸。

You’re [a fine one to talk](bold)(=you are criticizing someone for something you do yourself).

sounding important and impressive, but probably not true or honest

Only time will tell whether these fine sentiments will translate into action.

唯有时间才知道这番豪情能否变成行动。

值得尊敬的好男人/女人等

Your father is a fine man, a real gentleman.

你父亲是个值得尊敬的好人，一位真正的绅士。

if you say that there is a fine line between two different things, you mean that they are so similar that one can easily become the other

某事物和某事物之间只有一线之差

There’s a fine line between bravery and recklessness.

to practise something so often that you become very skilled at it

把某事学到家，把某事做得非常熟练

Mike had got the breakfast routine down to a fine art.

迈克对早餐那一套非常在行。

used when you are criticizing something in a plain and direct way

The
restaurant was terrible, not to put too fine a point
on it.

不客气地说，这家饭店差劲透了。

someone’s finer feelings are the moral values they have, such as love, honour, loyalty etc

美好的感情〔如爱、荣誉、忠诚等〕

You can hardly expect such finer feelings in a thief.

很难指望一个小偷会有这种高尚的情感。

someone who looks big, strong, and physically attractive

体形强壮的男性/身材曼妙的女性

In his portrait, Donlevy is a fine figure of a man.

肖像画中的唐利维是个体形强壮的男子。

a time when someone is very successful, brave etc

The tournament proved to be Gascoigne’s finest hour.

此次锦标赛成为加斯科因的高光时刻。


fine

in a way that is satisfactory or acceptable

“你好吗？”“很好，谢谢。”

If I had a good job and my boyfriend stayed at home, that’d [suit](bold) me [fine](bold)(=be very acceptable to me).

要是我有一份好工作，而我男朋友待在家里，我完全能够接受。

能行，能令人满意；可以接受

‘Something very light,’ he ordered. ‘An omelette will do fine.’

“来点简单的，”他点餐说，“一份煎蛋卷就可以了。”

to do something well or in a satisfactory way

Don’t worry, you’re doing fine. Keep at it.

别担心，你做得不错，坚持下去。

‘How’s your husband?’ ‘He’s doing fine, thank you.’

“你丈夫好吗？”“他很好，谢谢。”

if you cut something fine, you cut it into very small or very thin pieces

to leave yourself only just enough time to do something

留出刚刚好的时间，把时间安排得很紧


fine

to make someone pay money as a punishment

The club was fined £50,000 for financial irregularities.

这家俱乐部因财务违规被罚款5万英镑。


fine

money that you have to pay as a punishment

→see THESAURUS at [punishment](->punishment)

[pay a fine/pay £100/$50 etc in fines](bold)

She was ordered to pay £150 in parking fines, plus court costs.

她被责令支付150英镑停车罚金，外加诉讼费。

Councils will get sweeping powers to [impose fines](bold) on drivers who park illegally.

各市政会将有绝对权力对违章停车者处以罚款。

一旦定罪，这些人将面临巨额罚金。


finely

in a very careful, delicate, or exact way

These instruments are very finely tuned.

这些乐器都非常仔细地调过音。

He wore a silk cloak over a finely embroidered robe.

他在华美的绣花袍外套了件真丝斗篷。

工艺上乘、雕工精美的塑像


finger

→ [butterfingers](->butterfingers) → [fish finger](->fish finger) [have your hands/fingers in the till](bold) at → [till](->till) 2 sense 3 [count sth on the fingers of one hand](bold) at → [count](->count) 1 sense 7 [have green fingers](bold) at → [green](->green) 1 sense 9 [burn your fingers/get your fingers burnt](bold) at → [burn](->burn) 1 sense 16 [point the/a finger at sb](bold) at → [point](->point) 2 sense 9 [let sth slip through your fingers](bold) at → [slip](->slip) 1 sense 15 [snap your fingers](bold) at → [snap](->snap) 1 sense 7 [have sticky fingers](bold) at → [sticky](->sticky) sense 5 [work your fingers to the bone](bold) at → [work](->work) 1 sense 29

one of the four long thin parts on your hand, not including your thumb

The woman had a ring on her finger, so I assumed she was married.

那女人手指上戴着戒指，因此我猜想她已经结婚了。

[run your fingers through/over/along etc sth](bold)

她用手指给他拢了拢头发。

→ [index finger](->index finger) → [little finger](->little finger) → [forefinger](->forefinger) → [middle finger](->middle finger) → [ring finger](->ring finger)

to hope that something will happen the way you want

We’re [keeping](bold) our [fingers crossed](bold) that she’s going to be OK.

to secretly put one finger over another finger, because you are telling a lie – done especially by children

〔说谎时〕偷偷将两根手指交叉〔尤为小孩所为〕

‘He’s nice,’ said Laura, crossing her fingers under the table.

“他不错啊。”劳拉说，偷偷地在桌子底下交叉手指。

to not make any effort to help someone with their work

I do all the work around the house – Frank never lifts a finger.

家里所有的活儿都是我干——弗兰克一点忙都不帮。

to know or be able to explain exactly what is wrong, different, or unusual about a situation

确切地明白，弄清，准确地指出〔错误、不同或异常之处〕

There was something about the man that worried Wycliffe, but he couldn’t put his finger on it.

那个男子身上有种东西让威克利夫不安，但是他说不出那究竟是什么。

to not hurt someone at all, especially to not hit them

不伤害某人〔尤指不动手打人〕

Don’t lay a finger on me, or I’ll call the police!

要是你敢动我一指头，我就报警！

have/keep your finger on the pulse (of sth)

to always know about the most recent changes or developments in a particular situation or activity

掌握（某事物的）脉搏，了解（某事物的）最新变化[发展]

people who have their finger on the pulse of fashion and pop culture

掌握时尚及流行文化脉搏的人

have a finger in every pie/ in many pies

to be involved in many activities and to have influence over a lot of people, used especially when you think someone has too much influence

插手每件/许多事情，每件/许多事情都参与

twist/wrap/wind sb around your little finger

to be able to persuade someone to do anything that you want

Ed could wrap his mother around his little finger.

埃德能让自己的母亲言听计从。

The [finger of suspicion](bold) immediately [fell on](bold) Broderick.

嫌疑立刻指向了布罗德里克。

the part of a glove that covers your finger

anything that is long and thin, like the shape of a finger, especially a piece of land, an area of water, or a piece of food

指状物〔尤指细长条的土地、水域、食物〕

更努力地工作，加把劲干〔用于告诫某人〕

to show someone you are angry with them in a very offensive way by holding up your first two fingers with the back of your hand facing them

〔手背朝对方〕向某人竖起食指和中指〔表示愤怒；此动作极具冒犯性〕

to show someone you are angry with them in a very offensive way by holding up your middle finger with the back of your hand facing them

〔手背朝对方〕向某人竖起中指〔表示愤怒；此动作极具冒犯性〕

to use your hands in an awkward or careless way, so that you drop or break things

an amount of an alcoholic drink that is as high in the glass as the width of someone’s finger

一指宽，一横指〔指玻璃杯内酒的量度〕


finger

to touch or handle something with your fingers

〔用手指〕触碰，拨弄，抚摸，触摸

if someone, especially a criminal, fingers another criminal, they tell the police what that person has done

〔尤指罪犯向警察〕告发〔另一个罪犯〕


fingernail

the hard flat part that covers the top end of your finger


fingerprint

ˈfɪŋɡəˌprɪnt

a mark made by the pattern of lines at the end of a person’s finger, which is used by the police to find out who has committed a crime

He was careful not to [leave](bold) any [fingerprints](bold).

The police questioned Beresford and [took](bold) his [fingerprints](bold)(=made a record of them).

警察讯问了贝雷斯福德，并提取了他的指纹。


finish

[Finish](bold)  is followed by an [-ing](bold)  form, not an infinitive. You say: He finished cleaning the kitchen.
Don’t say: [He finished to clean the kitchen.](strike)

[Finish](bold)  belongs to a group of verbs where the same noun can be the subject of the verb or its object.

You can say: He finished his speech with a joke.  In this sentence, ‘his speech’ is the object of [finish](bold) .

You can say: His speech finished with a joke.  In this sentence, ‘his speech’ is the subject of [finish](bold) .

to complete the last part of something that you are doing

The builders say they should have finished by Friday.

to finish making or doing something that has taken a long time to finish

The new bridge will be completed in two years’ time.

to do the last things that are necessary in order to settle a plan or agreement in a satisfactory way

A spokesman said that they were hoping to finalize an agreement in the near future.

The police have now concluded their investigations.

Ralph Ellis, Managing Director, concluded the conference with a review of the trading year.

to finish something successfully – used especially about agreements or sports competitions

Negotiators are meeting on Friday to wrap up the deal.

Liverpool had several chances to wrap up the game.

to do something as a way of ending a day, an evening, an event etc in an enjoyable or suitable way

They rounded off the day with a barbecue at the beach.

A concert in the park is being organized to round off the programme of events.

get it over with/get it over and done with

to do something that you have to do now, so that it is finished and you can stop worrying about it

Let’s go and do the shopping now and get it over with.

Just tell him how you feel and get it over and done with.

if you are done, you have finished – used especially when other people are waiting for you

to have finished using something – used especially when other people are waiting to use it

I’ll let you know when I’m through with it.

to finish dealing with the final details of something, so that is all finished

‘Is the talk ready?’ ‘I just need to tie up a few loose ends.’

You can’t go anywhere until you’ve finished your homework.

没完成家庭作业前你哪儿也不能去。

I finished typing the report just minutes before it was due.

我在截止时间前几分钟才把报告打完。

‘How’s the decorating going?’ ‘We’ve nearly finished.’

“装修进行得怎么样了？”“差不多快完成了。”

when an event, activity, or period of time finishes, it ends, especially at a particular time

〔事件、活动或时期〕结束，终止

to eat or drink all the rest of something, so there is none left

to complete an event, performance, piece of work etc by doing one final thing

I would like to finish by thanking you all for your help.

我想在最后对大家的帮助表示感谢。

to be in a particular position at the end of a race, competition etc

He finished second in the 100 metres, behind Ben Johnson.

百米赛跑中他获得第二名，排在本•约翰逊之后。

to take away all of someone’s strength, energy etc

Another run like that would just about finish me.

再那样跑一次会把我累趴下的。

to completely use up the supply of something, especially food

The ice cream’s finished – can you get some more?

冰激凌吃完了，你能再买一点吗？

to add the final details that make your work complete

（对某物）作最后的润饰，做完最后的细节工作

The band are putting the finishing touches to their new album.

这支乐队在为新专辑作最后的润色。

to give the surface of something, especially wood, a smooth appearance by painting, polishing, or covering it

〔用油漆、抛光或贴面等方法〕使光滑，给 …作最后加工〔尤指木材〕

The furniture had been attractively finished in a walnut veneer.

家具上贴了一层胡桃木饰面板，十分漂亮。


finish

I was watching the race but I didn’t get to see the finish.

我看了比赛，但没看到最后。

The day was a disaster [from start to finish](bold)(=from the beginning until the end).

这一天从头到尾就是一场灾难。

I won’t walk out – I like to see things through [to the finish](bold).

我不会半途而废——我要把事情做完。

[a close finish](bold)(=an end of a race where two competitors are very close to each other)

a fight or game in which the teams or competitors struggle until one is completely defeated

一决胜负的战斗，一定要分出输赢的比赛

the appearance of the surface of an object after it has been painted, polished etc

〔油漆、抛光等后的〕光洁（度）

那张桌子的表面光洁漂亮。


finite

a finite verb form shows a particular time. ‘Am’, ‘was’, and ‘are’ are examples of finite verb forms, but ‘being’ and ‘been’ are not


fire

→ [ceasefire](->ceasefire) [add fuel to the fire/flames](bold) at → [add](->add) sense 9 [fight fire with fire](bold) at → [fight](->fight) 1 sense 18 [get on like a house on fire](bold) at → [house](->house) 1 sense 11 [hang fire](bold) at → [hang](->hang) 1 sense 12 [play with fire](bold) at → [play](->play) 1 sense 26 [set the world on fire](bold) at → [world](->world) 1 sense 26 [there’s no smoke without fire](bold) at → [smoke](->smoke) 1 sense 5

flames that burn in an uncontrolled way and destroy or damage things

In April, a fire at the school destroyed the science block.

the bright parts of a fire that you see burning in the air

The flames from the burning building were lighting up the night sky.

a large and dangerous fire – used especially in news reports

Firemen fought to keep the blaze under control.

an extremely large and dangerous fire which is out of control – used especially in news reports

The entire building was on fire and hundreds of people were trapped in the inferno.

a very large fire that destroys a lot of buildings, trees etc

The conflagration spread rapidly through the old town.

The fire may have been started by a cigarette.

A candle fell over, setting fire to the curtains.

Firemen successfully extinguished the fire.

Further attempts to fight the fire were abandoned.

The fire was burning more strongly every minute.

After several hours, the fire eventually went out.

(=it burns strongly for a long time over a large area)

Fires were raging in the forest near Magleby.

The whole house was on fire within minutes.

Firefighters took more than an hour to bring the fire under control.

A big fire was raging at the fuel depot.

Greece has suffered many forest fires this year.

(=a very large fire in an area of grass)

There were frequent brush fires during the hot dry summers.

Faulty electrical wiring is being blamed for a house fire.

They cooked strips of meat over a wood fire.

(=a little smoke comes from a fire when it has almost gone out)

(=a fire in a room that is not inside a stove etc)

I sat by the roaring fire and dried off.

(=a fire that you make outside when you are camping)

In the evening we sat around the camp fire.

There was a coal fire in the sitting room.

She lit the gas fire and settled in front of the TV.

There was a real fire blazing in the fireplace.

(=pieces of wood, coal etc that have almost been completely burned)

He stared at the glowing embers of the fire.

uncontrolled flames, light, and heat that destroy and damage things

The warehouse was completely destroyed by fire.

Thirty people died in a fire in downtown Chicago.

30人死于芝加哥闹市区的一场火灾。

Police think that the fire was started deliberately.

Rioters[ set fire to](bold) a whole row of stores (=made them start burning).

暴徒纵火焚烧了一整排商店。

Within minutes, the entire building was on fire.

没一会儿，整幢楼就烧了起来。

burning material used to heat a room, cook food etc, or get rid of things you do not want

You put up the tent and I’ll [make a fire](bold).

The [fire](bold) has almost [gone out](bold)(=stopped burning).

They all sat around the [camp fire](bold), singing songs.

他们全都坐在篝火旁唱歌。

The [fire](bold) was still[ smouldering](bold) in the grate (=there was a little smoke and it had almost stopped burning).

They dried their clothes in front of an [open fire](bold).

a machine that produces heat to warm a room, using gas or electricity as power

[turn the fire up/down](bold)(=make it hotter or colder)

shots fired from a gun, especially many guns at the same time

Troops [opened fire on](bold)(=started shooting at) the demonstrators.

These women did vital work, often under [enemy fire](bold).

这些女性的工作至关重要，而且往往是在敌人的炮火之下。

The rebels agreed to [hold](bold) their [fire](bold)(=not shoot).

[be in the line of fire](bold) at → [line](->line) 1 sense 35

to be severely criticized for something you have done – used in news reports

受到严厉[猛烈]批评〔用于新闻报道〕

Rail chiefs came under fire after raising train fares.

火车票涨价之后，铁路方面主管人员受到猛烈抨击。

Our patrol came under fire from rooftop gunmen.

我们的巡逻队遭到了屋顶枪手的射击。

a very strong emotion that makes you want to think about nothing else

Ali returned to boxing with a new fire in his belly.

阿里怀着重新燃起的斗志返回拳坛。

a part of your body that is on fire feels very painful

to do something that makes someone who is being lazy start doing their work

使某人〔指偷懒者〕加把劲

to do something very difficult and dangerous for someone

a phrase describing Hell, used by some religious people

硫黄烈火〔一些宗教人士形容地狱的说法〕


fire

to make someone leave their job, especially because they have done something wrong

He was fired for surfing the Internet during work time.

Harris was caught stealing, and was dismissed from his job.

to make someone leave their job, especially because they are not good at it, or because they have done something wrong

Bates was sacked from his job after the team failed to win any games.

His boss gave him the sack for taking too much time off work.

to make a lot of workers, especially workers in a large factory or organization, leave their jobs, because there is not enough work for them to do, or not enough money to pay their wages

3000 car workers have been laid off at the factory in Cleveland.

to make someone leave their job because they are no longer needed

5 staff will be made redundant at the end of this month.

to make someone leave their job, Used by employers to avoid saying directly that they are getting rid of people

We’ve had to let two members of staff go.

to make someone leave their job in the army, air force etc

Grant had been discharged from the navy for threatening an officer.

to make someone leave their job in a way that makes it seem as if they have chosen to leave

He had been eased out of office in an attempt to prevent a political crisis.

to make someone leave their job because they have done something wrong – used especially to avoid saying this directly, and also when the job is a powerful one

The colonel and two other senior officers were relieved of their posts.

开（枪）；开（炮）；发射

The police [fired](bold) two [shots](bold) at the suspects before they surrendered.

警察朝嫌疑人开了两枪他们才投降。

[fire a gun/weapon/rifle etc](bold)(=make it shoot)

Guerrillas fired five rockets at the capital yesterday, killing 23 people.

昨天，游击队朝首都发射了5枚火箭弹，炸死23人。

I’ve just been fired from my job, and I don’t know what to do.

我刚被解雇，不知道该怎么办。

航空公司因为他醉酒把他开除了。

In written English, people usually say that someone is [dismissed](bold)  rather than [fired](bold) , which is slightly informal: He was dismissed for being drunk.

to make someone feel interested in something and excited about it

I was fired with enthusiasm to go traveling in Asia.

stories of magic and adventure that fire children’s imaginations

激发儿童想象力的魔法和历险故事

to ask someone a lot of questions quickly, often in order to criticize them

烧木柴的/烧燃气的/烧煤的

if a vehicle’s engine fires, the petrol is lit to make the engine work

to be thinking or doing something well, using all your mental abilities and energy

When the team’s firing on all cylinders, they can beat the best in the league.

那支球队如果全力以赴，可以击败联赛中的最强者。


fire alarm

a piece of equipment that makes a loud noise to warn people of a fire in a building

〔建筑物内的〕火警钟，火警报警器

We were in the middle of an exam when the [fire alarm went off](bold).

我们的考试正进行到一半，这时火警报警器响了。

Someone [set off](bold) the [fire alarm](bold).


firearm

He was charged with illegal possession of a firearm.


fire brigade

a group of people who work together to stop fires burning, but are not paid to do this


firefighter

someone whose job is to stop fires burning


fireplace

a special place in the wall of a room, where you can make a fire


fire station

a building where the equipment used to stop fires burning is kept, and where firefighters stay until they are needed


firework

a small container filled with powder that burns or explodes to produce coloured lights and noise in the sky

a New Year’s Eve [fireworks display](bold)

Jeff and David were in the back yard [setting off fireworks](bold).

杰夫和戴维在后院放烟花。

[There’ll be fireworks](bold) if I get home late again.

如果我再晚回家，有人会发火的。

something that is exciting or impressive

亮点〔令人兴奋或赞叹之物〕

The real fireworks are provided by Shakespeare’s poetry.

真正的亮点来自莎士比亚的诗作。


firm

He is managing director of a large firm.

He trained with a small firm in Cardiff.

The law will not effect medium-sized firms with less than 100 employees.

an engineering/building/electronics etc firm

British firms are competing with a number of foreign companies.

The equipment was supplied by a local firm.

There has been renewed competition from foreign firms.

The business grew from a small family firm into a large company.

a firm of solicitors/accountants/surveyors etc

Ms Shaw is a partner in a firm of solicitors.

Chris has been working for this firm for nearly 20 years.

He joined the firm when he was in his early twenties.

Our firm produces computer software for the business market.

The firm supplies office furniture to local businesses.

a business or company, especially a small one

〔尤指小型的〕公司，商行，事务所

[a firm of accountants/solicitors/builders etc](bold)

Kevin is with a firm of accountants in Birmingham.

凯文在伯明翰的一家会计师事务所工作。


firm

not completely hard, but not soft, and not easy to bend into a different shape

Most doctors recommend sleeping on a firm mattress.

大多数医生建议睡硬床垫。

strongly fixed in position, and not likely to move

Make sure the ladder feels firm before you climb up.

要确保梯子稳固了再爬上去。

A concrete foundation was poured after digging down to firm ground.

挖到坚实的地面后浇筑了水泥地基。

Mount the tanks side by side on [a firm base](bold).

把水箱并排安在稳固的底座上。

Our client hasn’t reached a firm decision on the matter yet.

我们的客户在这件事上还未作出最后决定。

Blackpool remains a [firm favourite](bold) with holidaymakers from Northern Ireland.

布莱克浦仍是北爱尔兰度假者不变的最爱。

Corey was always a [firm believer](bold) in prayer.

科里一直坚信祷告的力量。

They made a [firm offer](bold)(=offered to pay a particular amount) on the house over the weekend.

周末，他们对那幢房子给出了最终买价。

Diana and Laura have been [firm friends](bold)(=close friends) since their early teens.

黛安娜和劳拉从十几岁起一直友情甚笃。

showing in the way that you behave or speak that you are the person in control and that you are not likely to change your answer, belief etc

→see THESAURUS at [determined](->determined)   →see THESAURUS at [strict](->strict)

Cal replied with a polite but firm ‘no’.

卡尔很有礼貌但语气坚决地回答说“不行”。

What this country needs is firm leadership.

这个国家需要的是强有力的领导。

You need to be firm with her or she’ll try to take advantage of you.

你对她要强硬，否则她就会欺负你。

if you have something in a firm grip etc, you are holding it tightly and strongly

紧握，紧紧抓住，牢牢握住

He took a firm grip of my arm and marched me towards the door.

他紧紧抓着我的手臂，快步往门口走去。

to state your opinion clearly and not be persuaded to change it

Jones is urging Christians to stand firm against abortion.

These children [need a firm hand](bold).

if the value of a particular country’s money is firm, it does not fall in value

The pound is still firm against the dollar.


firm

to press down on soil to make it harder or more solid


first

coming before all the other things or people in a series

The first time I flew on a plane I was really nervous.

我第一次乘飞机时确实很紧张。

In the first year, all students take five courses.

第一年，所有学生都选五门课程。

He said the first thing that came into his head.

the first step towards achieving a peace agreement

There’s a meeting on the first Monday of every month.

每月第一个星期一都会开会。

I only read the first two chapters of the book.

我只读了这本书的前两章。

It rained during the first few days of the trip.

The [first and last](bold) mountain I climbed was Mount Rundle (=it was the only mountain I ever climbed).

伦多山是我爬过的第一座山，也是最后一座。

used to say that something has never happened or been done before

For the first time in his life he felt truly happy.

他这辈子第一次真正地感到幸福。

The survey revealed that, for the first time, there are more women in the workplace than men.

这次调查显示，职场里女性首次多于男性。

[Not for the first time](bold) she wondered how he coped with so many children.

她不止一次想知道他是如何应付这么多小孩子的。

Our first priority is to maintain the standard of work.

我们的首要目标是保持工作的水准。

As I see it, my first responsibility is to my family.

在我看来，我首先要对我的家庭尽责。

used to talk about the beginning of a situation, or the situation before something happened

Why did you agree to meet her in the first place?

一开始你为什么同意见她？

He wouldn’t have given you the job in the first place if he didn’t think you could do it.

要是他认为你干不了，一开始就不会给你那份工作的。

used to give the first in a list of reasons or points

首先，第一〔用于列举理由或要点〕

Her success was secured by two factors. In the first place, she had the support of managers.

她的成功有两个因素作保证。首先，她得到了经理们的支持。

at the start of a situation or series of actions

The appointment of research officer will be for two years in the first instance.

研究员的初始任期为两年。

Enquiries should be made in the first instance to the Human Resources Director.

如需查询，请先与人力资源主管联系。

the first time that you look at someone or something, before you notice any details

At first glance the twins look identical.

这对双胞胎乍一看一模一样。

At first sight, there didn’t appear to be much damage.

乍看之下损失似乎不太大。

[love at first sight](bold) at → [love](->love) 2 sense 2

used to say that something should be done or dealt with first because it is the most important

重要的事先来，要紧的事先做

if you see, experience, hear etc something at first hand, you see, experience etc it yourself, not through other people

Many people have seen the horrors of war at first hand.

许多人目睹过战争的恐怖。

the prize that is given to the best person or thing in a competition

She won first prize in a painting competition.

她在一次绘画比赛中得了一等奖。

John was our first choice as a name for the baby.

“约翰”是我们给宝宝取名的首选。

as soon as you get up in the morning, or as soon as you start work

我明天一上班就打电话给你。

The search will resume at first light tomorrow.

to be the person who starts to do something when someone else is too nervous, embarrassed etc to do it

He was glad she had made the first move and kissed him.

(also: [not know/understand the first thing about sth](bold) )

to not know anything about a subject, or not know how to do something

对某事一窍不通[一无所知]

I wouldn’t have the first idea about what to do in that situation.

我若遇此情形就会无所适从。

I don’t know the first thing about cars.

the beginning of a good period of time when you are young, successful etc

[be in the first flush of passion/youth etc](bold)

He was no longer in the first flush of youth.

The first flush of enthusiasm had passed.

热情高涨的初期已经过去。

used in the title of someone’s job or position to show that they have a high rank

〔用于职衔名称，表示职位高〕

officially on the same level as other people but really having more power

第一流的，上等的，质量最高的


first

[First](bold)  is used with the simple past: We first met in 2005.
Don’t say: [We have first met in 2005.](strike)

[First](bold)  usually comes before a main verb: I [first went](bold) to Paris two years ago.

[First](bold)  comes after ‘be’ when it is the main verb: I [was first](bold) in Paris two years ago.

[First](bold)  comes after the first auxiliary: When [did](bold) you [first](bold) realize you wanted to be a doctor?

used when mentioning the first in a list of reasons, arguments, or questions to consider

I want you to consider these three points in your essay: first, what is the writer’s attitude to the war in this poem ...

There are several reasons for this conclusion. Firstly ...

used especially to emphasize that the first of several things you are going to say is the most important thing

The content of the article must, first of all, be accurate.

First of all, a huge thank you to everyone who has supported us over the last two years.

used when giving the first and most important reason or example, especially when you are arguing or discussing something with someone

Our main priority should be better public transport – in the first place to reduce the amount of traffic on our roads.

He’s not the right person for the job. For a start he’s too young.

used when telling someone the first and most important thing that you want to say

There are numerous activities on offer. To start with there are over 60 miles of walks with splendid views.

Let me tell you something about him. To begin with, he is the most difficult man that I know.

An extra five points will be given to the team that finishes first.

最先完成的队将再加五分。

[First of all](bold) we’d better make sure we’ve got everything we need.

首先，我们最好确保所需的东西都齐了。

before doing anything else, or before anything else happens

I’ll join you in a minute but I need to make a phone call first.

我一会儿就来，但是我得先打个电话。

此书2000年首次出版。

at the beginning of a situation or activity

When we were first married we lived in Toronto.

我们刚结婚时住在多伦多。

We first became friends when we worked together.

我们最初是在共事时成为朋友的。

First, I’d like to thank everyone for coming.

首先，我要感谢各位的光临。

First off I’d like you all to fill in an evaluation sheet.

首先我想请各位填写一张评估表。

used before saying the first of several things you want to say, especially when you are annoyed

首先〔用于想说的几件事之前，尤用于生气时〕

First off I didn’t agree with the comments in your email.

首先，我不同意你电子邮件里的意见。

used to introduce the first thing you are going to talk about, or the first thing that is going to happen

第一，首先〔用于介绍第一个事物或第一件事〕

First up is the Blues song ‘Mississippi Lad’.

第一首是蓝调歌曲《密西西比小伙》。

to consider someone or something as the most important person or thing

认为某人/某事最重要，把某人/某事放在第一位

We need to choose energy policies that put the environment first.

我们得选择把环境放在首位的能源政策。

Businesses should always put the customer first.

企业应该始终把顾客放在第一位。

to be the most important person or thing to someone

成为〔某人〕最重要的人[物]，处于最重要地位

The care and well-being of patients should always come first.

病人的护理和健康应该始终放在第一位。

As far as I’m concerned, the children come first.

对卢克来说，生意总是第一位的。

The choir came first in all sections of the competition.

该合唱团在比赛中一路过关斩将夺得桂冠。

used to emphasize the most important quality, purpose, reason etc

首先，首要的是〔用于强调〕

Dublin is thought of first and foremost for its literary heritage.

都柏林首先让人想到的是它的文学遗产。

used to emphasize that something is the most important thing or quality

主要地〔强调是最重要的事或品质〕

She regarded herself as a teacher first and last, not a writer.

她认为自己主要是个教师，而不是作家。

used to say that something will be given to the people who ask for it first, when there is not enough for everyone

Tickets will be allocated [on a first come, first served basis](bold).

票的发放将遵循先到先得的原则。


first

used to talk about the beginning of a situation, especially when it is different now

At first, Gregory was shy and hardly spoke.

起先，格雷戈里很害羞，几乎不说话。

something that has never happened or been done before

The 3–0 defeat was a first for the team.

0比3失利对该队来说是前所未有的。

These results are firsts in the history of women’s athletics.

这些成绩在女运动员历史上是第一次。

‘I think he’ll agree to it.’ ‘[That will be a first](bold).’

“我想他会同意的。”“那倒是破天荒头一遭。”

我一开始就反对那个主意。

I should have known from the first that the relationship would never work.

我一开始就该知道这种关系是不可能有结果的。

the highest mark you can get in a university degree in Britain

〔英国大学学位中的〕优等成绩，最高成绩

海伦获得了法学学位的优等成绩。

the lowest gear in a car or other vehicle, that you use when moving slowly

〔汽车等交通工具的〕一挡，最低挡

You should be in first on a hill like this.

上这样的山坡你应该挂一挡。

He [put](bold) the car [into first](bold) and roared away.

他把车挂到一挡，轰隆隆地开走了。


first

the first person to do something, or the first thing to happen

第一个人；首次出现的事物

There are now many similar housing projects but this was the first.

现在类似的住宅项目有许多，但在当时这一项目是首创。

We hope this year’s festival will be [the first of many](bold).

我们希望今年的节庆活动只是一个开始。

I always thought my sister would be the first to get married.

我一直认为我姐姐会第一个结婚。

used when you have just discovered something that other people already know, and you are slightly annoyed

我第一次知道/听说〔指刚知道其他人已知之事，并略感气恼〕

The first I knew he was in York was when I got an email from him.

我收到他的电子邮件才知道他在约克。

The first I knew about it was when Tony called me.

托尼打电话来我才知道这件事。

used after the name of a king, queen, or pope when other later ones have the same name

一世〔用于国王、女王或教皇的名字后〕

Queen Elizabeth the First (=written as Queen Elizabeth I)


first aid

simple medical treatment that is given as soon as possible to someone who is injured or who suddenly becomes ill

Being [given first aid](bold) at the scene of the accident probably saved his life.

他在事故现场得到急救，这可能救了他的命。


first class

the best and most expensive seats on a plane or train, or rooms in a hotel

〔飞机或火车的〕头等舱位[车厢]；〔酒店的〕头等房间

我们喜欢乘坐头等舱出行。

→ [business class](->business class) → [cabin class](->cabin class) → [economy class](->economy class) → [tourist class](->tourist class)

the class of post used in Britain for letters and parcels, that is quicker and more expensive than second-class post

〔英国优先投递的〕第一类邮件〔比第二类邮件快但贵〕

the class of post used in the US for ordinary business and personal letters

〔美国递送普通商业信函和私人信函的〕第一类邮件，普通平邮

the highest class of degree from a British university

〔英国大学的〕一级优等学位


first-class

[first class](bold) adv. eg: If I send the letter first class it should arrive tomorrow. eg: travel first class

of very good quality, and much better than other things of the same type

relating to the class of post that is the most expensive and quickest to arrive

relating to the best and most expensive class of seats on a plane or train, or rooms in a hotel

〔飞机舱位、火车车厢、酒店房间〕头等的


firstly

used to say that the fact or reason that you are going to mention is the first one and will be followed by others

Firstly, I would like to thank everyone who has contributed to this success.

首先，我要感谢对这次成功做出贡献的每一个人。


first name

the name or names that come before your family name

Her first name’s Helen, but I don’t know her surname.

她的名字叫海伦，但我不知道她姓什么。

to know someone well enough to call them by their first name

〔因熟悉某人而〕直呼其名，（与某人）以名相称


fish

[drink like a fish](bold) at → [drink](->drink) 1 sense 2 [another/a different kettle of fish](bold) at → [kettle](->kettle) sense 3

The pools are home to frogs, newts, and freshwater fish.

We also know that farmed fish don’t have as much omega 3 as wild salmon.

He has been breeding tropical fish for many years.

We used to keep tropical fish when I was young.

Red fish swam on either side of the boat.

(=it takes food from a hook and gets caught)

(=the group of fish that are similar and can breed together)

74 of California's 113 native fish species are in need of protection.

(=for keeping fish indoors, usually as pets)

The filter in his fish tank made a quiet humming noise.

(=for keeping fish outdoors, in a garden)

We’re thinking of building a fish pond in the back garden.

I sprinkled some fish food into the tank.

Shoals of little fish were swimming around her.

The market sells an amazing variety of fresh fish.

(=stored at a very low temperature to preserve it)

I stopped at the supermarket to buy some frozen fish.

A diet of oily fish can help prevent heart disease.

Serve the baked fish with slices of lemon.

(=covered in a mixture of flour and water, and then fried)

The restaurant is well-known for its battered fish dishes.

(=left in smoke to give it a special taste)

It was the finest smoked fish they had ever tasted.

(=preserved by having the water removed)

Occasionally, the guards gave us some vegetables and dried fish.

The dish is made with rice and salted fish.

She works in the fish shop on the High Street.

I brought some salmon at the local fish market.

(=a smooth food, made by crushing fish )

She spread some fish paste on fresh bread.

Why don't we stop off for some fish and chips on the way home?

[plural](italic) fish or [plural](italic) fishes

an animal that lives in water, and uses its fins and tail to swim

Over 1,500 different species of fish inhabit the waters around the reef.

那片礁石周围的水域生活着1,500多种不同的鱼类。

The stonefish is the most deadly of all fishes.

石鱼是所有鱼类中毒性最强的。

The lake is well stocked with fish (=it contains a lot of fish).

[Oily fish](bold)(=fish that contains a lot of oil) is supposed to be good for you.

含脂量高的鱼应该对你有好处。

→ You say [fish and chips](bold), not 'chips and fish'.

to feel uncomfortable because you feel you do not belong in a place or situation

如离水之鱼，（感到）生疏[不自在]

I felt like a fish out of water in my new school.

我在新学校里感到很不适应，就像鱼儿离开了水。

used to tell someone whose relationship has ended that there are other people they can have a relationship with

海里的鱼有的是，天涯何处无芳草〔用于安慰失恋等被离弃的人〕

to have other things to do, especially more important things

someone who is slightly strange or crazy

an unfriendly person who seems to have no strong feelings

态度冷冰冰的人，不热情的人

someone who is important in or who has influence over a very small area

小塘中的大鱼，小地方的要人


fish

a Japanese vessel fishing for tuna in the Eastern Pacific

一艘在东太平洋上捕捞金枪鱼的日本船

to search for something in a bag, pocket etc

She fished around in her purse and pulled out a photo.

她在手提包里翻找，掏出一张照片。

克里斯在口袋里摸找硬币。

to try to catch fish in a particular area of water

Other nations are forbidden to fish the waters within 200 miles of the coast.

其他国家被禁止在离岸200英里内的海域捕鱼。

to try to make someone say something nice about you, usually by first criticizing yourself – used to show disapproval

〔一般通过自贬〕讨别人的恭维，故意要别人赞扬〔含贬义〕

It’s sickening the way he’s always fishing for compliments.

他总是讨人恭维，真恶心。

to try to find out information, without asking directly

‘Are you here with your wife?’ she asked, fishing.

“你和太太一起来的？”她试探地问道。


fisherman

someone who catches fish as a sport or as a job


fishing

钓鱼是他的一项业余爱好。

Terry’s [going fishing](bold) at Lake Arrowhead next weekend.

特里下周末要到阿罗黑德湖钓鱼。

to try to find out secret information by asking a lot of questions about different things

〔通过问大量问题〕打探秘密消息


fist

the hand when it is tightly closed, so that the fingers are curled in towards the palm. People close their hand in a fist when they are angry or are going to hit someone

Malcolm [clenched](bold) his [fist](bold)(=held his fist very tightly closed) angrily.

马尔科姆愤怒地握紧拳头。

Dooley stood up and [shook](bold) his [fist](bold) in her face.

杜利站起身，在她眼前挥舞着拳头。

Varney slammed his fist down onto the table so hard the dishes jumped.

瓦尼一拳砸在桌子上，盘子都给震了起来。

→ [ham-fisted](->ham-fisted) → [tight-fisted](->tight-fisted) [hand over fist](bold) at → [hand](->hand) 1 sense 35

to make a successful or unsuccessful attempt to do something


fit

fit in
fit into
fit out
fit together
fit up

[sb’s face doesn’t fit](bold) at → [face](->face) 1 sense 20

[past tense and past participle](italic) [fitted](bold) also [past tense and past participle](italic) [fit](bold) ([AmE](bold)) [present participle](italic) [fitting](bold)

if a piece of clothing fits you, it is the right size for your body

His clothes did not [fit](bold) him very [well](bold).

The uniform [fitted](bold) her [perfectly](bold).

The jacket’s fine, but the trousers don’t fit.

上装不错，但裤子不合身。

I know this dress is going to [fit](bold) you [like a glove](bold)(=fit you very well).

我知道这条连衣裙你穿会非常合身。

→ Use [fit](bold) to say that clothes are not too big or too small. Use [suit](bold) to say that clothes look attractive on someone[The dress fits, but it doesn’t suit me.](italic)

In this meaning, [fit](bold)  is not used in the progressive. You say: The skirt fits (me).
Don’t say: [The skirt is fitting (me).](strike)

to try a piece of clothing on someone to see if it is the right size for them, or to make sure a special piece of equipment is right for them

I’m being fitted for a new suit tomorrow.

明天我要试穿一套新的衣服。

He may need to be fitted with a hearing aid.

他也许得戴个助听器试试。

[Fit](bold)  is usually passive in this meaning.

if something fits in a place, it is the right size or shape to go there

I couldn’t find a key which fitted the lock.

我找不到能插进这把锁的钥匙。

Most cookers are designed to fit level with your worktops.

大多数灶具都设计成与操作台齐平。

The plastic cover fits neatly over the frame.

这个塑料罩套在架子上正合适。

to put something carefully into a place that is the right size or shape for it

She fitted the last piece into the jigsaw puzzle.

if something fits into a place, there is enough space for it

I wanted to put the wardrobe behind the door, but I don’t think it’ll fit.

我原想把衣橱放在门后，但可能放不下。

You might be able to fit some small flowering plants between the larger bushes.

你或许可以在较大的灌木之间种些小的开花植物。

I don’t think we’ll be able to fit any more people into the car.

我想车里坐不下更多的人了。

我们应该还能再装进一个。

to put a piece of equipment into a place, or a new part onto a machine, so that it is ready to be used

Anti-theft devices are fitted to all our cars.

我们所有的汽车上都安装了防盗装置。

The windows are all fitted with security locks.

所有窗户都装上了防盗锁。

if something fits another thing, it is similar to it or suitable for it

Police said the car fits the description of the stolen vehicle.

警方称这辆车符合对被盗车辆的描述。

Scientists often select facts to fit their theories.

科学家经常会挑选符合自己理论的事实。

He didn’t fit the conventional image of a banker.

他与传统的银行家形象不符。

The rhythm should fit with the meaning of a poem.

韵律应当与诗歌的含义一致。

to make someone suitable for something or able to do something

使某人适合某事，使某人胜任某事

His natural authority fitted him for a senior position.

他与生俱来的威严使他适合担任领导工作。

to be the type of person or thing that you want

We wanted an experienced sportscaster, and Waggoner fit the bill.

我们需要一名经验丰富的体育节目主持人，瓦戈纳正符合要求。

([if the shoe fits (, wear it)](bold) ([AmE](bold)) (spoken) )

used to tell someone that you think a criticism of them is true

要是说得有理（就接受）〔用于告诉对方对其的批评是正确的〕

‘So you think I’m a liar.’ ‘Well, if the cap fits ...’


fit

[comparative](italic) [fitter](bold) [superlative](italic) [fittest](bold)

someone who is fit is strong and healthy, especially because they exercise regularly

〔尤因经常锻炼而〕健壮的，健康的

You must be very fit if you do so much running.

如果你经常这样跑步，身体肯定很健康。

He was young, good-looking, and [physically fit](bold).

I swim twice a week to try and [keep fit](bold).

我一周游两次泳以保持健康。

他的身体状况可能无法参加星期六的比赛。

I don’t know if I’ll be fit enough to take part in the race.

我不知道自己的身体状况是否能参加赛跑。

Psychiatrists said he was fit to stand trial (=he was mentally healthy enough).

精神科医生称他精神正常，可以受审。

She’s over eighty now, but still [as fit as a fiddle](bold)(=very fit).

她现已年过八十，但身体依然很硬朗。

I had just come back from holiday and was fighting fit.

我刚度假回来，身体很健康。

We made sure the land was fit for drilling.

我们确认了这块土地适合钻井。

The food was not fit for human consumption.

这房间的样子可见不得人！

to decide that something is the best thing to do, especially when other people do not agree with you

认为（做某事）恰当，决定（做某事）〔尤在其他人不同意时〕

The government saw fit to ignore our advice.

政府决定对我们的建议不予理会。

Sort out the problem in any way you think fit.

用你认为合适的方法解决这个问题。

healthy enough or in good enough condition for something

身体健康，状况良好（适合做某事）

I was still very shocked and [in no fit state](bold) to work.

我仍然惊魂未定，无法工作。

We’ll have to make sure the house is in a fit state to receive visitors.

我们得确保家里的样子能够接待客人。

高质量的，精美的，最高级的

The meal they provided was fit for a king.

他们做的饭菜简直是御膳水平。

It was getting late and most of us were fit to drop.

天色渐晚，我们大部分人都累得快要瘫倒在地了。

if you are laughing, shouting etc fit to burst, you are doing it a lot

十分恼火[着急，烦恼]的

I was fit to be tied when she didn’t come home until 2 a.m.

她凌晨两点才到家，我都急疯了。


fit

a time when you feel an emotion very strongly and cannot control your behaviour

〔感情的〕冲动，一阵发作

He quit his job in a fit of drunken depression.

a short period of time when someone loses consciousness and cannot control their body because their brain is not working properly

She used to [have fits](bold) as a baby.

她在婴儿时期经常发生痉挛。

people who suffer from [epileptic fits](bold)

a short time during which you laugh or cough a lot in a way that you cannot control

The girls collapsed into a fit of the giggles.

女孩们突然咯咯地笑起来。

We were all [in fits of laughter](bold) trying to clear up the mess.

我们大家一边收拾残局，一边笑得前仰后合。

Carl [had](bold) us all [in fits](bold)(=made us laugh a lot) with his stories.

卡尔的故事把我们大家逗得笑声阵阵。

If your mother finds out about this, she’ll have a fit.

如果你母亲知道这事，她会气炸了。

the way in which something fits on your body or fits into a space

I managed to get everything into the suitcase, but it was a [tight fit](bold).

我终于把所有东西都塞进了手提箱，不过最后是满满当当了。

if there is a fit between two things, they are similar to each other or are suitable for each other

We must be sure that there’s a fit between the needs of the children and the education they receive.

我们必须确保孩子们的需要和他们受到的教育相匹配。

if something happens in fits and starts, it does not happen smoothly, but keeps starting and then stopping again


fit

[past tense and past participle](italic) [fitted](bold) [present participle](italic) [fitting](bold)

to have a seizurea sudden condition in which someone cannot control the movements of their body


fitness

You can improve your fitness by going for a daily run.

Aerobic exercise, such as jogging or cycling, will increase your fitness.

He's working on his fitness in preparation for the New York marathon.

(=keep your body at a good level of fitness)

She worked hard to maintain her fitness while pregnant.

You need a reasonable level of physical fitness for this job.

Swimming is good for your mobility and general fitness.

The gym offers personal fitness training by professionals.

His fitness levels are as good as someone much younger.

Get working on a fitness programme to suit you.

The players have to do a lot of fitness training.

He was offered work as a fitness instructor.

Other facilities in the hotel include a fitness room and a sauna.

We sell a range of exercise and fitness equipment for the home.

My son's something of a fitness fanatic, and works out every day.

(=an examination to see if a sports player is fully fit)

Chris Pike is facing a fitness test before tomorrow's match.

when you are healthy and strong enough to do hard work or play sports

an exercise programme to improve your fitness

Running marathons requires a high level of [physical fitness](bold).

跑马拉松需要身体十分强健。

the degree to which someone or something is suitable or good enough for a particular situation or purpose

He questioned McNeil’s fitness for high office.

他质疑麦克尼尔是否适合身居高位。

The doctor will first determine your fitness to receive the anaesthetic.

医生首先要确定你是否适合接受麻醉。


five

→ [high five](->high five) → [nine to five](->nine to five)

There is also a golf course five miles away.

五英里外还有个高尔夫球场。

The family moved to Canada when he was five (=five years old).

他五岁时全家移居加拿大。

a piece of paper money that is worth five dollars or five pounds

你有两张五美元的钞票来换一张十美元的吗？

to hit the inside of someone’s hand with your hand to show that you are very pleased about something

与某人击掌〔表示对某事很满意〕

used to tell people to stop working for a few minutes

a British ball game in which the ball is hit with the hand against any of three walls

the five amounts of fruit and vegetables that you should eat every day

Beans count as [one of your five a day](bold).

豆子算每日五份果蔬中的一份。


fix

to repair something that is broken or not working properly

He’s outside fixing the brakes on the car.

他在外面修理汽车的刹车。

Ellis was able to quickly find and fix the problem.

埃利斯马上就找到问题所在并修理好了。

to decide on a limit for something, especially prices, costs etc, so that they do not change

确定，决定〔价格、成本等〕

The interest rate has been fixed at 6.5%.

租金定为每月1,750美元。

if two or more companies fix the price for a particular product or service, they secretly agree on the price they will charge for it, in order to keep the price high and make more profit. This practice is illegal

The government accused the two companies of fixing petrol prices.

政府指控那两家公司操纵汽油价格。

to decide on a particular time etc when something will happen

Have you fixed a date for the wedding yet?

‘So when do I get to meet them?’ ‘Tomorrow, if I can fix it.’

“那么，我什么时候能见他们？”“明天，要是我能安排上的话。”

I’ve fixed for you to see him this afternoon at four.

我替你安排了今天下午四点同他会面。

to attach something firmly to something else, so that it stays there permanently

The shelves should be fixed to the wall with screws.

架子应当用螺丝固定在墙上。

I’ll watch the kids and you [fix dinner](bold).

我看孩子，你去准备晚餐。

Terry [fixed](bold) herself a cold [drink](bold) and sat out on the balcony.

特里给自己倒了杯冷饮，到外面的阳台上坐下。

to find a solution to a problem or bad situation

The government seems confident that environmental problems can be fixed.

政府似乎有信心解决环境问题。

fix your attention/eyes/mind etc on sb/sth

to think about or look at someone or something carefully

把注意力/双眼/思想等集中在某人/某物上

Aziz tried to fix his mind on the job at hand.

阿齐兹努力想把思想集中在手头的工作上。

每双眼睛都盯着那个新来的女孩。

to look directly at someone for a long time

to make your hair or make-up look neat and attractive

你在婚礼上的发式是谁给你做的？

Hold on. Let me just [fix](bold) my [face](bold)(=put on make-up) before we go out.

等等，让我化一下妆再出门。

to do a medical operation on a cat or dog so that it cannot have babies

to arrange an election, game etc dishonestly, so that you get the result you want

Many suspected that the deal had been fixed in advance.

许多人怀疑这起交易有人事先操纵。

to use a chemical process on paintings, photographs etc that makes the colours or images permanent

使〔画作、照片等颜色〕固着，使定影

used to say that you will punish someone you are angry with

If anybody did that to me, I’d fix him good.

要是有人那样对我的话，我会好好修理他的。

to be preparing to do something – used in some parts of the US

准备[打算]做某事〔美国部分地区使用〕

I’m fixing to go to the store. Do you need anything?

我准备去商店，你需要什么东西吗？


fix

Robinson called the proposal a [quick fix](bold)(=a temporary or easy solution) of limited value.

鲁宾逊称那项提议只是个权宜之计，意义不大。

to have a problem that is difficult to solve

We’re going to be in a real fix if we miss that bus.

要是我们赶不上那班公交车，就真的麻烦了。

那件事让我们陷入了困境。

an amount of something, especially an illegal drug such as heroin, that you often use and badly want

〔一剂〕致瘾的东西，毒品

I need my fix of caffeine in the morning or I can’t think.

我早上总得来点咖啡因，不然就无法思考问题。

to find out exactly where someone or something is

He peered out, trying to get a fix on the enemy’s position.

他凝视着外面，试图确定敌人的位置。

to understand what someone or something is really like

对某人/某事得出确切的看法

I couldn’t seem to get a fix on the situation.

something that has been dishonestly arranged

民众认为这次选举有人搞鬼。


fixed

firmly fastened to a particular position

固定在浴室墙上的一面镜子

fixed times, amounts, meanings etc cannot be changed

〔时间、数量、意思等〕确定的，不变的

The classes begin and end at fixed times.

上下课的时间都是固定不变的。

My contract was for a fixed term of five years.

我的合同是五年固定期限的。

to have very definite ideas or opinions that you will not change – often used to show disapproval

有固执的想法/看法〔常含贬义〕

He has very fixed ideas about how a wife should behave.

对于为人妻者的行为准则，他有一套顽固的主张。

used to ask someone how much of something they have, or to ask about an arrangement

你有多少 …？你怎么安排 …？

a fixed smile, expression etc does not show any emotion or does not show how someone really feels

〔笑容、表情等〕固定的，僵化的


flabby

having unattractive soft loose flesh rather than strong muscles

used to describe something that is weak or not effective

The band’s performance was tired and flabby.


flag

[fly the flag](bold) at → [fly](->fly) 1 sense 13

a piece of cloth with a coloured pattern or picture on it that represents a country or organization

Children [waving flags](bold) greeted the Russian leader.

孩子们挥舞着旗帜，欢迎俄罗斯领导人。

[a flag is flying](bold)(=a flag is shown on a pole)

[Flags](bold) were [flying at half-mast](bold) because of the death of the Premier.

降半旗为总理的逝世志哀。

a coloured piece of cloth used in some sports as a signal or as a sign showing the position of something

〔某些体育运动中的〕信号旗

随着信号旗落下，比赛开始了。

a free kick near the [corner flag](bold)(=flag on a football pitch)

an expression meaning a country or organization and its beliefs, values, and people

旗帜〔指国家、组织及其所代表的信仰、价值观和民众〕

to achieve success on behalf of your country in a competition

升国旗〔指代表祖国在比赛中获胜〕

Bristol kept the flag flying for English rugby with this win.

布里斯托尔队的这场胜利使英格兰橄榄球得以登上领奖台。


flag

[past tense and past participle](italic) [flagged](bold) [present participle](italic) [flagging](bold)

to make a mark against some information to show that it is important

〔为表示重要〕标示，标出〔信息〕

I’ve flagged the parts I want to comment on.

我已经标示出我要评论的部分。

By the end of the meeting we had begun to flag.

会议结束时，我们已经开始打蔫了。


flame

[old flame](bold) at → [old](->old) sense 4 [naked flame](bold) at → [naked](->naked) sense 5 [fan the flames](bold) at → [fan](->fan) 2 sense 2 [add fuel to the fire/flames](bold) at → [add](->add) sense 9

The firemen successfully put out the flames.

We used a bucket of water to douse the flames.

(=put something over them to make them stop burning)

Barry smothered the flames with a blanket.

(=make them burn more by waving something in front of them)

She used a large piece of card to fan the flames.

By evening, the flames had gradually died down.

He watched the flames flickering in the fireplace.

(=they completely surround and burn something)

Never use a naked flame near spray paint.

hot bright burning gas that you see when something is on fire

Flames poured out of the windows of the building.

火焰从大楼窗口滚滚冒出来。

They rushed past us with buckets of water and tried to [douse](bold) the [flames](bold).

他们提着一桶桶水跑过我们身边去灭火。

They sat around the campfire, watching the [flickering flames](bold).

他们围坐在篝火旁，看着跳动的火焰。

[Flames](bold) quickly [engulfed](bold) the building.

When we reached Mandalay it was in flames.

等我们到达曼德勒时，那里已是一片火海。

They escaped just as the house was [engulfed in flames](bold).

就在房子被大火吞噬的一刹那，他们逃了出来。

to suddenly begin burning in a way that is difficult to control

The helicopter burst into flames after hitting a power line.

直升机撞上电力线，瞬间起火。

怒火/欲火/激情的火焰等


flame

to become suddenly bright with light or colour, especially red or orange

A great fire flamed in an open fireplace.

敞开的壁炉里火烧得很旺。

to send someone an angry or rude message in an email or on a bulletin board

发送愤怒[辱骂]的电子邮件[网站帖子]


flap

a thin flat piece of cloth, paper, skin etc that is fixed by one edge to a surface, which you can lift up easily

〔布、纸、皮等做的〕片状垂悬物

伤口上覆盖着一片快要脱落的皮。

the noisy movement of something such as cloth in the air

〔布等在空中的〕拍打，拍动

a situation in which people feel very excited or worried about something

Rafi’s in a bit of a flap over the wedding plans.

拉菲对婚礼的安排有点焦虑不安。

a part of the wing of an aircraft that can be raised or lowered to help the aircraft go up or down


flap

[past tense and past participle](italic) [flapped](bold) [present participle](italic) [flapping](bold)

if a bird flaps its wings, it moves them up and down in order to fly

〔鸟〕振（翼），扑动（翅膀）

to move quickly up and down or from side to side, often making a noise

（使）〔发出响声地〕飘动，（使）摆动


flare

to suddenly begin to burn, or to burn more brightly for a short time

突然烧起来；〔短暂地〕烧旺

if strong feelings flare or flare up, people suddenly become angry, violent etc

[Tempers flared](bold) during the debate.

if a disease or illness flares up, it suddenly becomes worse

The injury has flared up again, keeping him out of today’s game.

他旧伤复发，无法参加今天的比赛。

if a person or animal flares their nostrilsthe openings at the end of the nose, or if their nostrils flare, their nostrils become wider because they are angry

〔人或动物因气愤而〕张大（鼻孔），张开（鼻翼）

if a piece of clothing flares out, it becomes wider at one end

〔服装〕底部展开，呈喇叭形

这条连衣裙自臀部往下逐渐展开。


flare

a piece of equipment that produces a bright flame, or the flame itself, used outdoors as a signal

闪光装置；信号灯；信号弹；闪光信号

The distress flares were spotted by another ship.

遇险信号被另外一艘船发现了。

There was a brief flare as the match was lit.

火柴划着时闪出一道亮光。

trousers that become wide below the knee


flash

to shine suddenly and brightly for a short time, or to make something shine in this way

Why is that guy flashing his headlights at me?

那家伙为什么朝我闪前灯呢？

Red warning lights [flashed on and off](bold)(=shone for a short time and then stopped shining).

to be shown quickly on television, on a computer, or on a film

〔在电视、计算机或电影中〕闪现

Images of the war flashed across the screen.

电视屏幕上闪过战争的画面。

if thoughts, images, memories etc flash through your mind, you suddenly think of them or remember them

The possibility that Frank was lying flashed through my mind.

弗兰克可能在撒谎的想法闪过我的脑海。

to smile or look at someone quickly and for a short time

（对某人）一笑/一瞥/一看等

‘I love this city,’ he said, flashing a big smile.

“我爱这座城市。”他说，脸上闪现灿烂的笑容。

to show something to someone for only a short time

他亮了一下自己的身份证。

to send news or information somewhere quickly by radio, computer, or satellite

〔通过无线电、计算机或卫星〕迅速播出，传送

Reporters at the scene flashed the news to their offices.

现场记者迅速将新闻发回本社。

if your eyes flash, they look very bright for a moment, especially because of a sudden emotion

〔尤指眼睛因突如其来的情感而〕闪耀，发亮

珍妮特的蓝眼睛闪现出怒火。

if a man flashes, or if he flashes someone, he shows his sexual organs in public

〔男子〕当众暴露（性器官），露（阴）

if someone’s life flashes before their eyes, they suddenly remember many events from their life because they are in great danger and might die

〔处于极度危险、可能死亡时〕某人的平生之事在自己眼前闪现

if a period of time or an event flashes by or flashes past, it seems to end very quickly

〔一段时间或某个事件〕一闪而过，飞逝

我们的假期似乎一眨眼就过去了。


flash

a bright light that shines for a short time and then stops shining

A [flash of lightning](bold) lit up the night sky.

a special bright light used when taking photographs indoors or when there is not much light

Just wait here. I’ll be back in a flash.

就在这里等着，我马上回来。

flash of inspiration/brilliance/insight/anger etc

if someone has a flash of brilliance, anger etc, they suddenly have a clever idea or a particular feeling

灵感/才华/洞察力/怒气等的闪现

a sudden success that ends quickly and is unlikely to happen again

Beene’s new novel proves he isn’t just a flash in the pan.

比恩的新小说证明他并不是个昙花一现的作家。

if there is a flash of something brightly coloured or shiny, it appears suddenly for a short time

〔鲜艳或闪亮之物的〕闪现

那只鸟蓝影一闪，不见了。

a system of instructions for a computer that is used especially to make pictures on a website appear to move

a small piece of coloured cloth worn on the shoulder of a military uniform


flash

a flood or fire that happens very quickly or suddenly, and continues for only a short time

looking very new, bright, and expensive – used to show disapproval

豪华的，阔气的〔含贬义〕

liking to have expensive clothes and possessions so that other people notice you – used to show disapproval

Chris didn’t want to seem flash in front of his mates.

克里斯不想在同伴面前显得是在摆阔。


flashlight

a small electric light that you can carry in your hand


flat

[in/into a flat spin](bold) at → [spin](->spin) 2 sense 6 → [flat feet](->flat feet)

on one level, without any holes or raised areas, and not sloping or curving

Before you lay the tiles, make sure that the ground is completely flat.

not sloping in any direction, so that every part is at the same height

After four hours coming down the mountain, I was glad to be back on level ground.

without any holes or raised areas – used especially when saying how something feels when you touch it

I ran my hand across the animal’s smooth fur.

Be careful – the path is not very even here.

Raise both arms to a horizontal position.

[comparative](italic) [flatter](bold) [superlative](italic) [flattest](bold)

smooth and level, without raised or hollow areas, and not sloping or curving

The countryside near there is [flat as a pancake](bold)(=very flat).

那儿附近的乡间地势非常平坦。

在干净、平整的台面上工作。

a flat rate, amount of money etc is fixed and does not change or have anything added to it

〔费率、金额等〕统一的，固定的

Clients are charged a [flat rate](bold) of £250 annually.

向客户统一收取250英镑的年费。

We charge a [flat fee](bold) for car hire.

a flat tyre or ball has no air or not enough air in it

not very deep, thick, or high, especially in comparison to its width or length

〔尤指与其宽度或长度相比〕浅的，薄的，矮的

The cake came out of the oven flat, not fluffy.

蛋糕出炉时扁扁的，不够松软。

a drink that is flat does not taste fresh because it has no more bubbles of gas in it

a performance, book etc that is flat lacks interest, excitement, or energy

〔演出、书等〕沉闷乏味的，平淡的

Arsenal looked flat for large parts of the game.

比赛的大部分时间里，阿森纳队的表现都乏善可陈。

a flat battery has lost its electrical power

Have you checked that the batteries haven’t [gone flat](bold)(=become flat)?

if prices, economic conditions, trade etc are flat, they have not increased or improved over a period of time

Analysts are expecting flat sales in the coming months.

分析人士预计未来数月销售不景气。

a musical note that is one semitone lower than the note E, B, A etc

降E音/降B音/降A音等

if a musical note is flat, it is played or sung slightly lower than it should be

not showing much emotion, or not changing much in sound as you speak

“他死了。”她淡淡地说。

a refusal etc that is definite and which someone will not change

Our requests were met with a flat refusal.

我们的请求遭到断然拒绝。

to be lying down so that all of your back is touching the floor

to be very ill so that you have to stay in bed for a period of time

I’ve been flat on my back with the flu all week.

我得了流感，在床上躺了整整一个礼拜。

无深浅反差的，无明暗的，缺乏层次的

Flat lighting is typical of Avedon’s portraits.

平面照明是阿维顿肖像照的特征。

used to say that you will definitely not change what you have just said