offence

He had committed the offence of dangerous driving.

In that year, 367 people were charged with terrorist offences.

The number of women convicted of serious offences is fairly small.

He had admitted sex offences against children.

It is an offence to carry a weapon in a public place.

Possession of the drug is an offence punishable by up to one year’s imprisonment.

make sth an offence/make it an offence to do sth

The Act made it an offence to sell cigarettes to children under 16.

It is a criminal offence to sell alcohol to someone under the age of 18.

serious offences such as murder or armed robbery

The police cautioned him for a minor offence.

Because it was a first offence, she was not sent to prison.

(=one that is not as serious as another offence)

For rioting you can receive ten years in prison, while for the lesser offence of violent disorder you can receive five years in prison.

(=a very serious offence against the law of the US, rather than against a state’s law)

The turtles are rare, and it is a federal offense to take them to another state.

Speeding is the most common traffic offence.

Thirty-three people were charged with drug offences.

(=one for which death is the punishment)

Drug smuggling was made a capital offense in 1987.

(=one that you can be arrested for or must go to court for)

Indictable offences are tried by a jury in a Crown Court.

His solicitor said he committed the offence because he was heavily in debt.

他的律师说他犯罪是因为欠下巨债。

when you offend or upset someone by something you do or say

The problem was how to say ‘no’ to her without causing offence.

问题是怎样拒绝她而又不得罪她。

Don’t be upset by what he said; he [meant no offence](bold)(=did not intend to offend anyone).

不要为他的话而生气，他并没有要冒犯的意思。

used to tell someone that you hope that what you are going to say or do will not offend them

没有冒犯的意思，请别见怪

No offense, but this cheese tastes like rubber.

请别见怪，这奶酪吃起来像是嚼橡胶。

to feel offended because of something someone says or does

对(某事)生气，因(某事)见怪

I think he took offence at my lack of enthusiasm.

我觉得他因为我缺乏热情而不开心了。

the weapon of offence used during the attack


offend

to make someone angry or upset by doing or saying something that they think is rude, unkind etc

His remarks deeply offended many Scottish people.

他的话严重冒犯了许多苏格兰人。

Liddy was offended by such a personal question.

提这样私人的问题让利迪很生气。

The careful language is designed not to offend.

言辞谨慎是为了不得罪人。

A solution must be found that doesn’t offend too many people.

必须找到一个不会冒犯太多人的解决办法。

Some of these new buildings really offend the eye (=look very ugly).

这些新大楼中有一些实在有碍观瞻。

Many of the young men here are likely to offend again.

这里的年轻人中有许多很可能会再次犯罪。

to be against people’s feelings of what is morally acceptable

Broadcasters have a responsibility not to offend against good taste and decency.

播音员有责任使自己的行为举止不与高雅趣味和得体言行相悖。


offender

Community punishment is used for less serious offenders.

社区服务处罚被用来罚犯罪情节较轻者。

At 16, Scott was already a [persistent offender](bold)(=someone who has been caught several times for committing crimes).

斯科特16岁时就已经是个惯犯了。

→ [first offender](->first offender) → [sex offender](->sex offender) → [young offender](->young offender)

someone or something that is the cause of something bad

Among causes of air pollution, car exhaust fumes may be [the worst offender](bold).

在造成空气污染的诸多因素中，汽车尾气可能是罪魁祸首。


offensive

[offensively](bold) adv. eg: Rick’s remarks were offensively racist.

very rude or insulting and likely to upset people

无礼的，冒犯的，令人恼火的

I found her remarks [deeply offensive](bold).

我觉得她的话令人非常恼火。

Jan was convicted of possessing an [offensive weapon](bold).

简因为持有攻击性武器而被定罪。

relating to getting points and winning a game, rather than stopping the other team from getting points

〔体育比赛中〕进攻的，攻势的


offensive

a planned military attack involving large forces over a long period

A major [offensive](bold) was [launched](bold) on August 22.

8月22日发起了一场大规模的攻势。

to start attacking or criticizing someone before they start attacking or criticizing you

Republicans went on the offensive over soaring gasoline prices.

共和党在汽油价格暴涨的问题上采取了先发制人的态度。

The international coalition was ready to take the offensive.

a planned set of actions intended to influence a lot of people


offer

ˈɒːfər, ˈɑː-

to ask someone if they would like to have something, or to hold something out to them so that they can take it

[Can I offer you](bold) something to drink?

They offered him a very good job, but he turned it down.

他们给他提供了一份很好的工作，但他拒绝了。

Maureen lit a cigarette and offered one to Lucy.

莫琳点了一支香烟，又递了一支给露西。

The drama school offers places to students who can show talent.

这所戏剧学校为能展现才华的学生提供学习的机会。

to say that you are willing to do something

I don’t need any help, but it was nice of you to offer.

我不需要任何帮助，但是我谢谢你的好意。

我爸爸表示愿意开车来接我们。

The newspaper offered to apologise for the article.

报社表示愿意为那篇文章道歉。

to provide something that people need or want

Your doctor should be able to offer advice on diet.

你的医生应该能够在饮食方面提出建议。

The course offers the opportunity to specialize in the final year.

这门课程提供最后一年进行专门研究的机会。

A number of groups [offer](bold) their [services](bold) free of charge.

The Centre offers a wide range of sports facilities.

该中心提供各式各样的体育运动设施。

I did what I could to offer comfort to the family.

我尽自己所能为家人提供舒适的生活。

to have qualities, opportunities etc that people are likely to want or enjoy

Canada [has much to offer](bold) in terms of location and climate.

从地理位置和气候方面来说，加拿大可提供许多有利条件。

He felt he [had nothing to offer](bold) her that she wanted.

他觉得自己给不了她想要的。

to say that you are willing to pay a particular amount of money for something

They’ve offered us £75,000 for the house.

他们向我们出价7.5万英镑买这幢房子。

The police are offering a reward for any information.

if an opportunity to do something offers itself, it becomes available to you

I’ll raise the subject when a suitable occasion offers itself.

等有合适的机会，我会把这件事提出来的。

to hold out your hand in order to shake hands with someone

(向某人)伸出手去〔握手〕


offer

take up an offer/take sb up on their offer

turn down/refuse/reject/decline an offer

He received the offer of a place at Cambridge University.

They suddenly withdrew their offer at the last minute.

I still did not have a formal job offer.

They were surprised by his generous offer to let them stay at his place.

Any offers of help would be appreciated.

(=I am grateful for it – used especially when politely refusing someone's offer)

I appreciate your offer, but I don’t need any help.

a statement saying that you are willing to do something for someone or give them something

〔愿为某人做某事或愿给某人某物的〕提议；提供

I can’t turn down the offer of a free trip to Milan!

我怎能拒绝免费去米兰旅行的机会！

an amount of money that you are willing to pay for something

Will you [accept](bold) their [offer](bold)?

[make (sb) an offer (for/on sth)](bold)(=offer a particular amount of money for something)

Within 20 minutes they were prepared to make us an offer.

不出20分钟，他们就准备好给我们一个价格了。

The company [made an offer of](bold) $5 million for the site.

这家公司出价500万美元购买这块地皮。

‘I’ll be interested if Newcastle make me a good offer,’ said the 25-year-old striker.

“如果纽卡斯尔队出个好价钱给我的话，那我会有兴趣的。”这名25岁的前锋说。

[be open to offers](bold)(=be ready to consider people’s offers and lower your original price)

We’re asking £2,500, but we’re open to offers.

我们要价2,500英镑，但是可以商议。

a reduction of the price of something in a shop for a short time

〔商店的〕特价，减价，削价

All [special offers](bold) advertised in this brochure are subject to availability.

这本小册子上宣传的所有特价商品售完即止。

There’s a [free offer](bold) on orders over £45.

订购金额超过45英镑可获得一件免费赠品。

To [take advantage](bold) of this [offer](bold)(=buy something at the reduced price), complete the attached forms.

填写所附表格，即可享受优惠价格。

可买到的，供使用的，提供的

Activities on offer include sailing, rowing, and canoeing.

提供的活动项目包括帆船、赛艇和划艇。

I was impressed with the designs on offer.

我对所提供的设计印象深刻。

for sale for a short time at a cheaper price than usual

〔短期〕削价[特价]出售的

if a house that is for sale is under offer, someone has offered to buy it for a particular price


office

a building that belongs to a company or an organization, with rooms where people can work at desks

The department occupies an office just a mile from the White House.

该部门就在离白宫一英里远的地方有个办公楼。

[main/head office](bold)(=the most important office)

Did you go to [the office](bold)(=the office where you work) today?

The agency has a network of regional offices.

这家机构在各地都有办事处。

Office staff need well-designed desks and chairs.

办公室人员需要设计精良的桌椅。

对办公室空间日益增长的需求

a room where someone has a desk and works, on their own or with other people

Sorry, Ann’s not in her office right now.

很抱歉，安现在不在办公室。

丹和莉萨共用一间办公室。

the time between about 9:00 in the morning and 5:00 in the afternoon, when people in offices are working

办公时间〔约为上午9点至下午5点〕

Can you phone again during office hours?

你在办公时间内再打电话来好吗？

the time during the day or week when students can meet with their teacher in the teacher’s office

〔教师在办公室接待学生的〕接待时间，会面时间

Professor Lee’s office hours are from two to four on Mondays and Thursdays.

李教授的接待时间是每周一和周四的下午2点到4点。

an important job or position with power, especially in government

〔尤指政府中拥有权力的〕重要职位

She was celebrating ten years in office.

她正在庆祝自己任职十年。

A provisional military government [took office](bold)(=started in an important job or position).

一个临时军政府开始执政。

[hold office](bold)(=have a particular important job or position)

Trujillo held office as finance minister.

特鲁希略担任财政部长一职。

a five-year [term of office](bold)(=period of time working in an important job)

used in the names of some government departments

〔用于某些政府部门的名称中〕部，局，处

a room or building where people go to ask for information, buy tickets etc

→ [box office](->box office) → [post office](->post office) → [registry office](->registry office)

the place where a doctor or dentist examines or treats people

sb’s good offices/the good offices of sb

help given by someone who has authority or can influence people

I managed to obtain a visa through the good offices of a friend in the Service.

在行政部门一位朋友的大力帮助下，我获得了签证。


officer

ˈɒːfəsər, ˈɑː-

someone who is in a position of authority in the army, navy etc

[an army/naval/military etc officer](bold)

英国空军特种部队的一名指挥官

someone who is in a position in an organization or the government

〔机构的〕高级职员；〔政府的〕官员

the organization's public information officer

The document must be certified by the proper officer of the state.

该文件必须由国家相应官员进行认证。

→ [chief executive officer](->chief executive officer) [press officer](bold) at → [press office](->press office) → [probation officer](->probation officer) → [returning officer](->returning officer)

再增加400名警官的要求


official

someone who is in a position of authority in an organization


official

(=one that relates to an important job or position)

The prime minister was on an official visit to China.

(=the things someone does as part of their job or position)

(=a house someone is able to use as part of their important job)

the ambassador's official residence in London

He spent Wednesday in Washington acting in his official capacity as Senate majority leader.

approved of or done by someone in authority, especially the government

an official investigation into the causes of the explosion

对此次爆炸事件原因的官方调查

official statistics about illegal drug use

非法使用毒品的官方统计数据

You will have to get official permission first.

Finally the letter of appointment came, making it all official.

任命书终于来了，这样一切都名正言顺了。

relating to or done as part of an important job or position

[an official visit/engagement etc](bold)

The president was leaving for a four-day official tour of Mexico.

总统即将前往墨西哥，进行为期四天的正式访问。

the Queen’s performance of [official duties](bold)

They dined in an official capacity with other European leaders.

他们以官方身份和其他欧洲国家领导人一起用餐。

an official explanation, account etc is one that is given formally and publicly, but may not be true

公布的，据官方的，公开宣称的〔但可能并非事实〕

Many doubted the official version of events.

许多人怀疑官方对事件的说法。

The [official line](bold)(=what is said publicly by people in authority) was that the troops were there to protect the King.

官方的说法是军队在那里是为了保护国王。

chosen to represent someone or an organization, or do something for them

the official representative from the American administration

an official event is a formal public event

The official opening of the institute was in May.

这个机构正式成立于5月份。


officially

The new church was [officially opened](bold) on July 5th.

新教堂于7月5日正式开放。

Nothing has yet been [officially announced](bold).

The scheme was [officially launched](bold) in May.

该计划是在5月份正式实施的。

Has the company officially confirmed the appointment?

公司正式证实这项任命了吗？

the number of officially recognized political parties

according to what someone says publicly, even though this may not be true

根据官方的说法，据公布〔尽管不一定是事实〕

根据官方的说法，会谈根本没有进行。


offset

[past tense and past participle](italic) [offset](bold) [present participle](italic) [offsetting](bold)

if the cost or amount of something offsets another cost or amount, the two things have an opposite effect so that the situation remains the same

Cuts in prices for milk, butter, and cheese will be offset by direct payments to farmers.

牛奶、黄油及奶酪的降价将通过直接付款给农民的方式进行补偿。

He was able to offset his travel expenses against tax.

to make something look better by being close to it and different

满头的金发衬出了他黝黑的皮肤。

to do something that will make an action or activity carbon neutral

碳中和，碳补偿〔以抵消日常活动造成的二氧化碳排放量〕

If you have to travel by air, offset your carbon emissions by supporting renewable energy projects.

如果你不得不乘飞机旅行，可以通过支持可再生能源项目来抵消碳排放。


offset

relating to a method of printing in which ink is put onto rollers and the paper then passes between the rollers


offspring

someone’s child or children – often used humorously

〔某人的〕子女，子孙，后代〔常为幽默用法〕

a young mother trying to control her offspring

一个想管住自己孩子的年轻妈妈


often

ˈɒfən, ˈɒftən

[Often](bold)  usually comes before a verb:I often go to bed late.

[Often](bold)  usually comes after the verb ‘be’:She is often late.

[Often](bold)  usually comes after an auxiliary verb such as ‘do’ or ‘have’: I have often wondered what happened to him.

[Often](bold)  is used at the beginning of a sentence, especially when something seems surprising: Often I don’t go to bed until 2 a.m.

[Often](bold)  is also used at the end of a sentence: Do you go to bed late often?

used when saying that something happens many times

Gary was often bad-tempered in the morning.

We often meet up for a drink after work.

I think she likes him – she talks about him a lot.

often – used especially in writing or more formal English

Passengers complain that trains are frequently late.

Older patients frequently forget to take their medicine.

used to emphasize that someone does something many times, or the same thing happens many times

She told herself again and again that everything would be all right.

Gunfire rang out across the city again and again.

His doctor had repeatedly warned him not to work so hard.

often over a long period of time – used especially about something that is annoying or causes problems

It’s hard to keep up with technology when it’s constantly changing.

many times – used when this is annoying or does not have any effect

He forgets his keys time and time again.

I tell students time and time again to keep careful notes.

to often do a particular thing and be likely to do it

Dave tends to arrive late so don’t worry.

Girls tend to be better at languages than boys.

to often do something, especially something that is not good, and be more likely to do it than other people or things

Some people have a tendency to put on weight.

This type of cloth has a tendency to shrink.

to do something fairly often or be fairly likely to do it, especially because this is part of your character

Teenage boys are inclined to take risks.

used when saying that something has happened many times before and is likely to happen again

Some older computer systems were prone to go wrong.

The fitter you are, the less you are prone to injury.

if something happens often, it happens regularly or many times

If you wash your hair too often, it can get too dry.

如果洗头过勤，头发会变得干枯。

[How often](bold) do you see your parents?

Robin is a difficult child; you’ve said so yourself [often enough](bold)(=a lot of times).

罗宾是个难管的孩子，你自己也常常这么说。

It’s not often that a government minister will admit to being wrong.

if something happens often, it happens in many situations or cases

It’s often difficult to translate poetry.

Very often children who behave badly at school have problems at home.

在校表现不佳的孩子往往在家也有问题。

used to say that something sad, disappointing, or annoying happens too much

有太多时候，太过频繁〔表示坏事发生次数太多〕

All too often doctors are too busy to explain the treatment to their patients.

有太多时候，医生忙得没时间对病人解释治疗方法。

This type of accident happens only too often.

An inspector comes round every so often to check the safety equipment.

偶尔有检查员来检查安全设备。


oil

[burn the midnight oil](bold) at → [burn](->burn) 1 sense 20 [pour oil on troubled waters](bold) at → [pour](->pour) sense 8

Oil was discovered in Saudi Arabia in 1938.

How does a company go about finding oil and getting it from the ground?

(=to find oil when you are digging for it)

The engineers drilled down a few hundred metres until they hit oil.

The Ohio Oil Company struck oil on May 3rd.

Plans to drill for oil off the New South Wales coast have recently been revived.

(=to have natural areas of oil, and take it out of the ground)

The US does not produce enough oil to meet its own needs.

the difficult process of extracting the oil

(=oil that has been treated by an industrial process)

(=found under the sea, not far from the coast)

The company has the technical capabilities to produce offshore oil.

2,000 barrels of heavy oil are produced a day.

The oil corporation announced the discovery of another field of light oil.

The increase in oil prices has prompted warnings of a global recession.

YPF was the state oil company in Argentina.

The Soviet Union is the world's largest oil producer.

(=a place where oil is treated by an industrial process)

(=situation in which oil comes out of a ship or other container into the sea)

a terrible oil spill near the Shetland Islands

(=situation in which there is not enough oil, and the price of oil is very high)

(=structure on land or in the sea with equipment for getting oil out of the ground)

the thick dark liquid from under the ground from which petrol is produced

the importance of protecting our oil supplies

保护我们石油供应的重要性

an [oil refinery](bold)(=factory where oil is made purer)

a smooth thick liquid that is used to make machines run easily or is burned to produce heat

Check the oil level in your car every week.

每周都要检查一下汽车的机油量。

a smooth thick liquid made from plants or some animals, used especially in cooking or for making beauty products

〔尤用于烹调或生产美容用品的〕植物油，动物油

Fish oils are supposed to help relieve arthritis.

据说鱼油有助于缓解关节炎的症状。

→ [castor oil](->castor oil) → [cod-liver oil](->cod-liver oil) → [linseed oil](->linseed oil)

油漆；油性涂料；油画颜料


oil

to put oil onto part of a machine or part of something that moves, to help it to move or work more smoothly

加油于 …；给 …加润滑油

to put oil or cream onto your skin, for example to protect you from the sun

我让西蒙帮我在背上抹油。

to help something to be done in business or politics successfully and easily


OK

used to show that you agree with something or give permission for someone to do something

行，可以〔用于表示同意某事或允许某人做某事〕

“今天我能用这辆车吗？”“行啊。”

可以，如果你喜欢那样的话。

used to ask someone if they agree with you or will give permission for you to do something

好吗，行吗〔用于征求别人的允许〕

used when you start talking about something new, or when you pause before continuing

好(了)〔用于转换话题或停顿〕

好，我们来谈下一个问题吧。

好了，到目前为止有什么问题吗？

used to tell someone to stop arguing with you or criticizing you

好了，行了，得了〔用于叫别人不要再和你争吵或批评你〕

好了，好了，算我弄错了。

瞧，我正在尽力呢，行了吧？


OK

okay  [adj](bold) [adv](bold) [spoken](special)

if you are OK, you are not ill, injured, or unhappy

没病(的)；安然无恙(的)；没有不开心(的)

something that is OK is acceptable and will not cause any problems

可以(的)，不错(的)，可接受(的)

“抱歉，我迟到了。”“没关系。”

[Is it OK if](bold) I leave my bags here?

是的，电视机运作没问题。

I’ll pay you the rest tomorrow, if that’s OK with you.

如果你觉得可以，余下的钱我明天付给你。

People usually avoid [OK](bold)  or [okay](bold)  in writing, and use more formal words such as [acceptable](bold)  or [satisfactory](bold) :

We have to make sure that the quality is [acceptable](bold).

‘How was the film?’ ‘It was okay, but not brilliant.’

“电影怎么样？”“还算可以，但谈不上很好。”

我觉得这次考试我考得还可以。

我见过吉姆一次，他看起来人不错。


OK

okay  [v](bold) <[T](bold)> [informal](special)

[past tense and past participle](italic) [OK’d](bold) [present participle](italic) [OK'ing](bold) [third person singular](italic) [OK’s](bold) or [past tense and past participle](italic) [okayed](bold) [present participle](italic) [okaying](bold) [third person singular](italic) [okays](bold)

to say officially that you will agree to something or allow it to happen

〔正式〕同意；批准，允许

The plans have been okayed, so let’s get started as soon as possible.

计划已经获得批准，所以我们尽快开始吧。


OK

to give or get permission to do something


old

If there is more than one adjective, the adjectives are usually used in a fixed order.

You say: There are some nice old houses.
Don’t say: [There are some old nice houses.](strike)

You say: She was dressed in old black clothes.
Don’t say: [She was dressed in black old clothes.](strike)

If you are elderly, you may be eligible for financial assistance.

an older brother or sister. [Elder](bold) sounds more formal than [older](bold)

I’ll be 30 next year – it sounds really ancient!

Everyone thinks you’re past it when you get to 40.

relating to medical care and treatment for old people

very old – used about things that existed thousands of years ago, or things that look very old

antique furniture, clocks, jewellery etc are old and often valuable

used about traditions, problems, or situations that have existed for a very long time

the age-old prejudice against women in positions of power

age-old hatreds between religious groups

a five-year-old/fifteen-year-old etc sb/sth

‘How old is your daughter?’ ‘She’s ten.’

You’re old enough to help with the cooking.

(=used when you think someone should behave more sensibly)

He’s old enough to know better, but he went and did it anyway!

sb is old enough to be sb’s mother/father

(=used when you think that someone is much too old to be having a relationship with another person )

Why would she want to go out with someone who was old enough to be her father?

[comparative](italic) [older](bold) [superlative](italic) [oldest](bold)

something that is old has existed or been used for a long time

旧的，陈旧的，年代久远的

Some of the houses around here are very old.

这里有些房子年代已经很久远了。

The car’s [getting old](bold) now, and things are starting to go wrong with it.

这辆汽车现在越来越旧，已经开始出毛病了。

That story’s [as old as the hills](bold)(=extremely old).

someone who is old has lived for a very long time

I can’t run around like I used to – I must be getting old.

我不能像以前那样东奔西跑了——我一定是老了。

used to talk about how long a person or thing has lived or existed

I can’t believe you’re nearly forty years old!

我无法相信你都快40岁了！

You’re [old enough](bold) to get your own breakfast now.

你现在已经长大，可以自己弄早餐了。

I’m not coming skating. I’m [too old for](bold) that now.

我不来溜冰了，我现在太老玩不动了。

[sb is old enough to know better](bold)(=used to say that you think someone should behave more sensibly)

[sb is old enough to be his/her/your mother/father](bold)(=used to say that someone is too old to be having a sexual relationship with someone else)

your old house, job, girlfriend etc is one that you used to have

I met up with one of my old girlfriends at the weekend.

周末我和一位昔日的女友聚了聚。

我以前的那辆车老是抛锚。

That happened when we were still in the old house.

那件事发生时我们还住在老房子里。

[old flame](bold)(=someone with whom you used to have a romantic relationship)

old things are things that are familiar to you because you have seen them or experienced them many times before

It’s good to get back into the old routine.

真好，生活又恢复了原样。

I enjoyed seeing all the old familiar faces.

我喜欢看到所有那些熟悉的老面孔。

He comes out with [the same old](bold) excuses every time!

他每次都找那些老掉牙的借口！

[it’s the same old story](bold) at → [story](->story) sense 9

an old friend, enemy etc is someone you have known for a long time

In the old days people used to fetch water from the pump.

从前，人们用抽水泵打水。

an earlier time in your life, or in history, when things seemed better or worse than now

We like to chat about the good old days.

我们喜欢聊聊过去的好时光。

to feel or look better again after you have been ill or very unhappy

感觉/看上去恢复了原来的样子

It’s good to see you looking more like your old self again.

很高兴看到你恢复了往日的样子。

used to say that it does not matter which thing, place etc you choose

随便哪个东西/地方/时间等都行

随便什么时候打电话来都行，我一直在这里。

The papers had been dumped on my desk any old how.

报纸乱七八糟地堆在我的书桌上。

可爱/可怜/傻乎乎等的某人〔说到自己喜欢的人时用〕

used to talk about someone you like and admire

You old devil! You were planning this all along!

你这个捣蛋鬼！你一直在计划这事啊！

used to talk very rudely about someone you do not like

老糊涂/老混蛋/老太婆等〔用于粗鲁地谈论不喜欢之人〕

a group of people within an organization or club who do not like changes or new ideas

〔机构或俱乐部内的〕守旧派，保守派，保守分子

He’ll never manage to persuade the old guard.

他绝对劝服不了这群老顽固。

to have a lot of experience of something

(在某方面)是老手，经验老到

to look or behave like someone much older than you, especially because of difficulties in your life

〔尤指因经历过磨难而〕显得成熟，显得老成

if you do something for old times’ sake, you do it to remind yourself of a happy time in the past

看在往日的情分上，念及老交情

the country that you were born in, but that you no longer live in, used especially to mean Europe

〔移民等的〕祖国，故国〔尤指欧洲国家〕

a young person who seems to think and behave like an older person

to punish someone for something wrong that they did to you in the past

old-fashioned and believing in old ideas and customs

a belief based on old ideas that are now considered to be untrue

无稽之谈；愚蠢的信仰；迷信


old age

You need to start putting money away for your old age.

你应该开始为晚年存钱了。

My mother had a very lively mind, even in her old age.

我母亲思维十分活跃，即使到了晚年也依然如此。


old-fashioned

not considered modern or fashionable – used about styles of clothes, furniture etc, or about words and ideas

The room was full of big old-fashioned furniture.

I can’t wear that dress – it’s too old-fashioned.

He had a lot of good old-fashioned values.

not containing the most recent information and therefore not useful

This guidebook is completely out-of-date.

used about machines, equipment, or methods that are old-fashioned and have been replaced by better, more recent ones

In today’s world, technology rapidly becomes outdated.

The accident was blamed on an outdated rail network.

used about styles etc that were fashionable until recently but now look old-fashioned

The pictures in this book already look a bit dated.

I liked the food but the decor in the restaurant was very dated.

not fashionable and not popular with people anymore

They lived in an unfashionable part of London.

The word ‘patriotic’ has become rather unfashionable these days.

old-fashioned – used about machines and equipment that are no longer being produced because better ones have been invented

These days, you buy a computer and it’s almost immediately obsolete.

Many laboratories use obsolete equipment and do not receive enough funding.

old and not suitable for modern needs and conditions

not considered to be modern or fashionable anymore

The idea seems rather old-fashioned now.

这种观念现在看来似乎相当落伍了。

someone who is old-fashioned has ideas, attitudes etc that were more usual in the past than now

He’s very old-fashioned when it comes to music.

在音乐方面，他非常守旧。


olive

[olive](bold) adj. eg: an olive sweatshirt

a small bitter egg-shaped black or green fruit, used as food and for making oil

a tree that produces olives, grown especially in Mediterranean countries

skin colour that is typical of people from countries such as Greece, Italy, or Turkey

extend/offer/hold out etc an olive branch (to sb)

to do or say something in order to show that you want to end an argument with someone

（向某人）伸出橄榄枝〔表示愿意和解〕


olive oil

a pale yellow or green oil obtained from olives and used in cooking


omission

əʊˈmɪʃən, ə-

when you do not include or do not do something

The omission of her name was not a deliberate act.

她的名字不是故意遗漏的。

Copies of the lists were posted so that omissions could be corrected.

多份名单被张贴出来，以便更正遗漏之处。

Your failing to note her mistakes is a serious omission.

你没有发现她的错误，这是个严重的疏漏。

[a glaring omission](bold)(=one that is very bad and easily noticed)


omit

[past tense and past participle](italic) [omitted](bold) [present participle](italic) [omitting](bold)

to not include someone or something, either deliberately or because you forget to do it

Please don’t omit any details, no matter how trivial they may seem.

请不要忽略任何细节，不管它多么微不足道。

Lisa’s name had been omitted from the list of honor students.

莉萨的名字不在优秀学生名单上。

In everyday English, people usually say [leave out](bold)  rather than [omit](bold) :

Please don’t [leave out](bold) any details, no matter how trivial they may seem.

to not do something, either because you forgot or because you deliberately didn’t do it

忘记做某事；故意未做某事

Oliver omitted to mention that he was married.

奥利弗没有提及他已结婚。


on

touching a surface or being supported by a surface

在 …上面〔表示接触或由某一表面支撑着〕

Leave your things on the table over there.

把你的东西放在那边的桌子上。

The little girl was sitting on her father’s shoulders.

小女孩坐在她爸爸的肩上。

used to say that someone or something moves so that they are then touching or supported by a surface

used to say what part of someone’s body is touching the ground or another surface and supporting their weight

He was on his hands and knees searching for something.

used to say what part of someone or something is hit or touched

我真想一拳打到他鼻子上。

used to say where something is written or shown

写在 …上；出现在 …上

He wrote his phone number on a piece of paper.

他把自己的电话号码写在一张纸上。

Dogs must be kept on a lead at all times.

任何时候都要用皮带把狗拴住。

他在加利福尼亚的一个牧场里长大。

in a particular position in relation to something else

〔与其他事物相比〕在〔某位置〕

你会看到学校在你的左边。

They live on the opposite side of the town.

looking or pointing towards something or someone

His eyes were on the stranger standing in the doorway.

他的眼睛看着站在门口的那个陌生人。

She trained her binoculars on the house.

她把望远镜对准了那幢房子。

Don’t use [on](bold)  before ‘this’, ‘last’, or ‘next’ and a day of the week. You say: Term starts this Monday. It was my birthday last Friday.
Don’t say: [on this Monday](strike)  [on last Friday](strike)

affecting or relating to someone or something

There will be new restrictions on the sale of weapons.

对武器买卖将有新的限制。

What effect will these changes have on the tourist industry?

这些变化会给旅游业带来什么影响？

You can get information on local services by calling this number.

你可以打这个电话获取有关当地公共事业机构的信息。

an international conference on global warming

关于全球气候变暖的国际会议

as a result of someone’s order, request, or advice

根据，按照〔某人的命令、要求或建议〕

I accepted the offer on the advice of my lawyer.

我按律师的建议接受了这个条件。

used to talk about what someone usually eats or drinks

They live mainly on beans, lentils, and rice.

他们主要食用豆类、兵豆和米饭。

你的宝宝开始吃固体食物了吗？

乘坐，上〔公共汽车、火车、飞机等〕

Tommy should be on the six o’clock train.

汤米应该乘坐6点钟的那班火车。

She got on the first bus that came along.

第一辆公共汽车来了，她就上去了。

receiving money for a job or as a regular payment

她肯定一年至少挣五万英镑。

the difficulties faced by families on low incomes

using a particular type of fuel or power

以 …为燃料，用 …作动力

大多数公共汽车都以柴油作燃料。

它是靠干线电力供应系统来运转吗？

taking a particular drug or medicine regularly

A lot of these kids are on heroin by the age of 12.

used to say that someone is behaving in a very strange way, as if they are taking an illegal drug

某人吃错什么药了？某人吸了什么毒了？〔用于表示某人的举止十分异常，好像吸食了毒品似的〕

He’s been on the computer all afternoon.

他用钢琴弹奏了一小段乐曲。

The album features Rick Wakeman on keyboards.

这张专辑收录的是里克•威克曼演奏的键盘音乐。

Did you hear that programme on the radio last night?

昨晚的那个广播节目你听了吗？

used to say in what form information is stored or music, films etc are recorded

The movie is now available on video and DVD.

现在可以买到这部电影的录像带和数字影碟。

我总是在磁盘上留个备份。

taking part in an activity or travelling somewhere

这一整周她都在上一门课程。

我在加拿大度假时遇见了他。

My girlfriend is often away on business trips.

included in a group or team of people or in a list

在〔群体或团队〕中；在〔名单〕上

Are you still on the management committee?

Mr Edwards is no longer on the staff here.

爱德华兹先生不再是这里的员工了。

议事日程的下一项是什么内容？

as soon as someone has done something or as soon as something has happened

Couples are presented with a bottle of wine on their arrival at the hotel.

凡夫妇入住宾馆均将获赠一瓶葡萄酒。

All patients are examined on admission to the hospital.

所有病人入院时都要体检。

This essay is a definite improvement on your last one.

这篇文章比起你的上一篇显然大有进步。

销售额比去年增加了10%。

if you have something on you, you have it in your pocket, your bag etc

used to say who is going to pay for something

Each table will get a bottle of champagne [on the house](bold)(=paid for by the restaurant, hotel etc).

每桌都将得到一瓶本店奉送的香槟。

used to say what number you should use in order to telephone someone

你可以打这个电话号码和我联系。

used when something bad happens to you, for example when something you are using suddenly stops working, or someone you have a relationship with suddenly leaves you

〔不好的事发生〕在 …身上

Dorothy’s first husband walked out on her.

多萝西的第一任丈夫抛下她走了。


on

[adj](bold) [adv](bold) <[not before noun](bold)>

used to say that someone continues to do something or something continues to happen, without stopping

继续的[地]，不停的[地]

We decided to play on even though it was snowing.

尽管下雪了，我们仍决定继续比赛。

He went [on and on](bold)(=talked for a very long time) about his job all evening.

他一晚上都在不停地讲他的工作。

if you move, walk etc on, you move forward or further towards something

继续往前的[地]，再向前的[地]

If you walk on a little, you can see the coast.

再往前走一点，你就会看见海岸了。

我们继续朝曼彻斯特驶去。

Now, 40 years on, this is one of the most successful theatres in the country.

40年以后的今天，这家剧院成了国内最为成功的剧院之一。

From that moment on I never believed a word she said.

从那一刻起，我不再相信她说的任何一句话。

if you have something on, you are wearing it

All he [had on](bold) was a pair of tattered shorts.

[Put](bold) your coat [on](bold). It’s freezing outside.

穿上大衣吧，外面冷极了。

used to say that something is attached to something else, especially when it is in the correct position

覆盖；附着〔尤在正确的位置上〕

used to say that something is written somewhere

He was wearing a badge with his name on.

他佩戴着一枚证章，上面有他的姓名。

登上〔公共汽车、火车等〕

The train stopped and two people got on.

火车停下来，有两个人上去了。

if a machine, light etc is on, it is operating

〔机器、灯等〕运作着的，开着的

The TV’s on, but nobody seems to be watching it.

电视开着，但好像没人在看。

He sat down at the desk and switched on the computer.

他坐到书桌前，打开了电脑。

if a radio or television programme etc is on, it is being broadcast

〔广播或电视节目〕正在播出的

《星际迷航》什么时候播出？

if an event is on, it has been arranged and is happening or will happen

The transport union has confirmed that the strike is definitely on.

运输工会已证实肯定会举行罢工。

I’d avoid the city centre – there’s some kind of procession on.

我要避开市中心，那里在举行什么游行。

Is the party still on tonight or have they cancelled it?

今晚的派对照常举行，还是已经取消了？

if you are on at a particular time, you are doing your job at that time

I’m not on again until two o'clock tomorrow.

我要到明天两点钟才上班。

if you have something on, there is something that you must do

I haven’t got anything on tomorrow, so I could see you then.

明天我没什么事，可以来看你。

for short periods but not regularly over a long period of time

He’s been smoking for ten years now, on and off.

到现在，他断断续续地吸烟有十年了。

to keep complaining to someone or asking someone to do something, especially when this annoys them

不停地对某人发牢骚；不断地要某人做某事

I’ve been on at him to fix that cupboard for weeks now.

我已催了他好几个星期叫他修那个柜子。

I wish you wouldn’t go on at me the whole time!

我希望你别没完没了地对我发牢骚！

to keep talking about something, in a way that is boring or annoying

〔令人生厌地〕不断谈论某事物

他老是不停地说钱啊钱的。

我不知道你在唠叨些什么！

if something is not on, it is not acceptable or reasonable

〔某事〕不行，不能接受，不合理

I’m sorry, what you’re suggesting is just not on!

很抱歉，你提出的事无法接受！

to be ready or willing to do something that someone has suggested

Right, how many of you are on for a drink after work?

好，你们有几个人愿意下班后去喝一杯？

used to tell someone that you accept a bet or an invitation to compete against them

‘I bet you £20 he won’t turn up.’ ‘You’re on!’

“我跟你赌20英镑，他不会露面的。” “赌就赌！”


once

Paul’s been to Wexford [once before](bold).

保罗曾去过韦克斯福德一次。

[(just) the once](bold) BrE [spoken](special)

Mrs Peterson came in to see Ruth just the once.

彼德森太太仅仅来看过露丝一次。

one time every week etc, as a regular activity or event

每周一次/每三个月一次等

They took separate holidays at least once every two years.

他们至少每两年一次各自去度假。

Sonya and Ida had once been close friends.

索尼娅和艾达曾经是很要好的朋友。

She and her husband had once owned a house like this.

她和她丈夫曾经也有过这样的房子。

It was sad to see the once-great man looking so frail.

看到曾经的伟人如此虚弱，真让人难过。

in the past, at a time that is not stated

Marx once described religion as the ‘opium of the people’.

马克思曾把宗教称为“人民的鸦片”。

In everyday English, when people mean 'immediately', they usually say [right away](bold)  or, in British English, [straight away](bold)  rather than [at once](bold) :

Now, go upstairs at once and clean your room!

现在立刻上楼去打扫你的房间！

When I saw him I recognized him at once.

again, after happening several times before

I looked at myself in the mirror once more.

我又看了一眼镜子里的自己。

used to say that a situation changes back to its previous state

The crowds had all gone home and the street was quiet once more.

众人都回家去了，街上再次恢复了宁静。

used before you repeat something that you said before

Once again, it must be stressed that the pilot was not to blame.

再说一遍，必须强调的是飞行员没有责任。

if something happens all at once, it happens suddenly when you are not expecting it

All at once there was a loud banging on the door.

突然传来一记重重的敲门声。

A lot of practical details needed to be attended to all at once.

许多实际上的细节问题都需要同时处理。

I do get a little anxious once in a while.

I saw her in the shop every once in a while.

used to emphasize that something has never happened

I never once saw him get angry or upset.

我从未见过他生气或不快。

Not once did they finish a job properly.

他们从来没有把一件事情做好过。

used to say that something unusual happens, especially when you wish it would happen more often

Just for once, let me make my own decision.

就这一次，让我自己作决定吧。

if you deal with something once and for all, you deal with it completely and finally

Let’s settle this matter once and for all.

我们把这个问题彻底解决了吧。

used to emphasize your impatience when you ask or say something that you have asked or said many times before

Once and for all, will you switch off that television!

最后说一次，把那电视关掉！

I wrote to him once or twice, but he didn’t answer.

我给他写过一两次信，但他没有回复。

used to emphasize that this is the only time you are allowing something, asking for something etc, and it will not happen again

好啦，把车借给我吧，就这一次。

at a time in the past that you think was much better than now

以前，从前，那时候〔指比现在好得多的过去某一时期〕

Once upon a time you used to be able to leave your front door unlocked.

从前，大门是可以不上锁的。

a long time ago – used at the beginning of children’s stories

从前，很久以前〔用于儿童故事的开头〕

It only happens like this once in a blue moon.

这样的情况是极为罕见的。

to repeat a bad, stupid, or dangerous action with the result that you get punished or cause trouble for yourself

屡次做坏事[傻事，危险之事]而遭殃

He tried that trick once too often and in the end they caught him.

他一次次故伎重施，最后他们终于把他抓住了。

used to say that people stay the same and cannot change the way they behave and think

一次是 …就永远是 …〔表示一个人的品性是无法改变的〕

used to say that after you have done something one time you do not need or want to do it again

一次就够了〔表示你不需要或不想再做了〕

used to say that people will not do something again if it has been a bad experience


once

一旦我帮他找到了工作，他就会好的。

Once in bed, the children usually stay there.

孩子们一旦上了床，一般就不下来了。


one

There are one or two things to sort out before I leave.

我走之前还有几件事要料理好。

我们中有几个人对他很熟悉。

alone or in pairs, rather than in large numbers or groups


one

used to mean someone or something of a type that has already been mentioned or is known about

〔用于代替已提及的某人、某物或对方已知道的某人、某物〕

‘Have you got a camera?’ ‘No.’ ‘You should buy one(=buy a camera).'

“你有照相机吗？” “没有。” “你应该买一架。”

The train was crowded so we decided to catch a later one (=catch a later train).

火车很挤，于是我们决定乘坐下一班。

The only jokes I tell are the ones that I hear from you.

我说的那几个笑话都是从你这里听来的。

I like all the pictures except this one.

除了这一张，其余的照片我都喜欢。

used to refer to a member of a group or pair of people or things

〔指一组或一对人或物中的〕一个

The children seemed upset. One was crying.

这些孩子好像不开心，有一个在哭。

She has two daughters. One is a primary school teacher, the other is a musician.

她有两个女儿，一个是小学教师，另一个是音乐家。

One of the girls I work with is getting married.

我的一位女同事要结婚了。

Although [one of](bold)  is followed by a plural noun, you use a singular verb: [One of](bold) the windows [was](bold) open. [One of](bold) them [has](bold) gone.

I was the one who had been attacked, not Richard.

受到袭击的是我，不是理查德。

[The only ones](bold) who will benefit are the shareholders.

used when one person or thing in a group does something, then the next, then the next, especially in a regular way

One by one each soldier approached the coffin and gave a final salute.

士兵们逐个走到灵柩前，致以最后的敬礼。

if events happen one after the other, they happen without much time between them

一个接一个地，接二连三地

One after another, tropical storms battered the Pacific coastline.

热带风暴接二连三地在太平洋沿岸肆虐。

if someone or something is many different things all in one, they are all those things

它集电视机、收音机和录像机的功能于一体。

used to mean people in general, including yourself

In everyday English, people usually use [you](bold)  rather than [one](bold) :

used to emphasize that you believe something, will do something etc and hope others will do the same

我就是 …中的一个〔强调自己相信或会做某事等，并希望别人也如此〕

I, for one, am proud of the team’s effort.

我自己就对球队的努力感到非常自豪。

used to give an example of someone or something

…就是一个例子， …就是其中之一

There were several other people absent that afternoon, weren’t there? Mr Ashton for one.

那天下午还有几个人缺席了，对不对？阿什顿先生就是其中之一。

to have or get an advantage over someone

强过（某人）/略胜某人一筹

to feel very calm or relaxed in the situation or environment you are in

She felt as she always did in these mountains: peaceful, without care, [at one with nature](bold).

她心情平静，无牵无挂，和大自然融为一体，一如她在这片群山中惯有的感觉。

He was at one with Wheatley on the need to abandon free trade.

他和惠特利一致认为有必要放弃自由贸易。

used in particular phrases to mean ‘an alcoholic drink’

〔在某些特定的短语中指酒精饮料〕

How about a [quick one](bold) at the pub?

[have had one too many](bold)(=have drunk too much alcohol)

[(have) one for the road](bold)(=have one last alcoholic drink before you leave a place)

关于 …的笑话[幽默故事]

[Have you heard the one about](bold) the chicken who tried to cross the road?

你听过小鸡过马路的那个笑话吗？

if many people do something as one, they all do it at the same time

a particular kind of problem, question, story etc

‘What do you attribute your long life to?’ ‘Oh that’s a difficult one.’

“你认为你长寿的秘诀是什么？” “噢，这问题不容易回答。”

Muhammad Ali and Cassius Clay are one and the same.

穆罕默德•阿里和卡修斯•克莱是同一个人。

to never do a particular thing, because it is not part of your character to do it

〔某人因个性关系〕绝不会做某事

汤姆不是那种会流露自己感情的人。

not/never be (a great) one for (doing) sth

to not enjoy a particular activity, subject etc

I’ve never been a great one for watersports.

我向来不大喜欢水上运动。

used to say that someone belongs to the same group as you, or has the same ideas, beliefs etc

You can talk in front of Terry – he’s one of us.

你可以当着特里的面说，他是我们自己人。

used to say that someone has correctly guessed or understood something immediately

‘You’re not painting the house again are you?’ ‘Got it in one!’

“你不会是又要粉刷房子吧？” “你猜对了！”

used by some people to mean ‘children’, especially young children

used to say that someone’s behaviour is amusing, strange, or surprising

你/他真有趣[奇怪，让人吃惊]


one

used to emphasize a particular person or thing

一个〔用于强调某人或某事〕

One person I find very difficult is Bob.

我觉得很难相处的一个人是鲍勃。

If there’s one thing I can’t stand, it’s people who bite their nails.

要说有什么事是我不能忍受的，那就是有人啃指甲。

on a particular day, morning etc in the past

〔过去的〕某一天/某个早上/某一年等

One morning I was sitting at my desk when a policeman knocked at my door.

一天上午我正坐在书桌旁，突然有个警察来敲我的门。

used to talk about a day, morning etc in the future which is not yet exactly known or decided

〔将来不确定的〕某一天/某个早上/某一年等

We should go out for a drink one evening.

我们应该哪天晚上出去喝一杯。

One day she hopes to move to the South Coast.

她希望有一天能搬到南部海滨去。

used to talk about a particular person or thing in comparison with other similar people or things

一个〔用于比较相似的人或物〕

Why does my card work in [one](bold) cash machine and not in [another](bold)?

为什么我的卡在一台取款机上可以使用，但在另一台上却不能使用呢？

It’s one thing to ... it’s (quite) another to

used to say that the second thing mentioned is very different from the first, and is often much more difficult to do

…是一回事， …则(完全)是另一回事

It’s one thing to say we have a goal; it’s another to actually act on it.

说我们有个目标是一回事，真要把它付诸行动又是另一回事了。

used to introduce a reason for what you have just said

首先，其一〔用来列举理由〕

He couldn’t bring himself to say what he thought. [For one thing](bold), she seldom stopped to listen. [For another](bold), he doubted that he could make himself clear.

他没法说出心里的想法，一是因为她很少会停下来听他讲，二是因为他怀疑自己可能说不清楚。

be one crazy woman/be one interesting job etc

to be a very crazy woman, be a very interesting job etc

是个疯女人/是份有趣的工作等

used before the name of someone you do not know or have not heard of before

某个〔用于不认识或没有听到过的人的名字前〕

He was accused of stealing a horse from one Peter Wright.

他被指控偷了一个名叫彼得•赖特的人的一匹马。


one

Her one concern was to get to the door without being seen.

她唯一担心的就是怎样走到门口而不被人看见。

克莱尔是我唯一能信任的人。

used to emphasize that someone is very famous

无人不知的弗兰克•西纳特拉

used to emphasize that something is the only one of its kind

〔用于强调同类中〕仅有的，唯一的

I even tried my one and only French joke on them.

我甚至试着把我知道的唯一一个法国笑话讲给他们听了。


one

[n](bold) <[C usually plural](bold)> ([AmE](special))


one another

Liz and I have known one another for years.

我和利兹相识有好多年了。

They often stay at one another’s houses.

他们经常住在彼此的家里。


oneself

It is only through study that one really begins to know oneself.

只有通过学习，一个人才能真正了解自己。


ongoing

ˈɑːnˌɡoʊɪŋ, ˈɒːn-


onion

a round white vegetable with a brown, red, or white skin and many layers. Onions have a strong taste and smell


online

ˈɑːn-, ˈɒːn-

[online](bold) adv. eg: The reports are not available online yet.

connected to other computers through the Internet, or available through the Internet

All the city’s schools will be online by the end of the year.

到年底，市里的所有学校都会连接因特网。

directly connected to or controlled by a computer


only

[not only ... but (also)](bold) at → [not](->not) sense 4 [only have eyes for sb](bold) at → [eye](->eye) 1 sense 32 [for sb’s eyes only](bold) at → [eye](->eye) 1 sense 25

not more than a particular number, age etc

There are only a few cars on the island.

used to say that something or someone is not very important, serious etc

只是，不过〔表示不重要、不严重等〕

It’s an interesting job, but it’s only temporary.

这工作很有意思，但只是临时性的。

They’re only small cuts, nothing life-threatening.

这些只不过是轻伤，不会危及生命。

nothing or no one except a particular person or thing

Only the president can authorize a nuclear attack.

只有总统才能授权发动核攻击。

这个停车场仅限员工使用。

used to say that something happens or is possible in one particular situation or place and no others, or for one particular reason

只有（在 …的情况下才 …）

I’ll tell you, but [only if](bold) you don’t tell anyone else.

我告诉你，但条件是你不告诉别人。

I ate the food, but [only because](bold) I was starving.

我吃了这些食物，但只是因为我饿极了。

The transfer takes place [only when](bold) the data is complete.

唯有当数据完整后才可以开始传输。

[Only](bold)  usually comes between the subject and the main verb: I [only ](bold) saw two people.

[Only](bold)  usually comes between an auxiliary verb and a main verb: I can [only](bold) see two people.

When you want to emphasize what you are saying, you sometimes use [only](bold)  at the beginning of a sentence, and put the auxiliary verb before the subject: [Only](bold) later [did ](bold) I understand what she meant. [Only ](bold)by improving social and economic conditions[ can](bold) good health be achieved.

‘When did you email her?’ ‘Only yesterday.’

“你什么时候给她发电子邮件的？” “昨天刚发的。”

[only then did/would/could etc sb do sth](bold)(=at that moment and not before)

Only then did she tell him about the attack.

直到那时她才把袭击的事告诉他。

我差点来不及把文章写完。

used to say that it is not possible to do more than hope etc

We can only hope it won’t rain on the day.

我们只能希望那天别下雨。

used when you are giving a reason for something, to say that you do not know something for certain but think that this is the only possible reason

我只能认为/假定/假设〔用于说明唯一可能的理由〕

I can only assume that it was a mistake.

我只能假设这是一个错误。

‘What’s happening?’ ‘I only wish I knew.’

“发生什么事？” “但愿我能知道。”

used to tell someone that what they want to do will have a bad effect

你只会〔用于告诉某人其所做的事只会带来坏结果〕

Don’t interfere – you’ll only make things worse.

别插手，你只会把事情搞得更糟。

you only have to read/look at/listen to etc sth

used to say that it is easy to know that something is true because you can see or hear things that prove it

你只要读一读/看一下/听一听等某事物〔用于表示要了解事实真相很容易〕

You only have to look at the statistics to see that things are getting worse.

你只要看一看统计数据就能知道情况正在变糟。

used to say that someone did something, with a disappointing or surprising result

结果只是〔用于表示结果令人失望或感到意外〕

I arrived only to find that the others had already left.

我到了之后却发现别人都已经走了。

Prices have risen sharply, as we know only too well.

我们都很清楚价格已经急剧上涨。

Mark was only too happy to agree with her.


only

used to say that there is one person, thing, or group in a particular situation and no others

I was [the only one](bold) who disagreed.

降低成本是唯一的解决办法。

她是担任这项工作的唯一人选。

used when you are going to mention a problem or disadvantage

唯有一点是 …/只有一个问题是 …〔用于提出问题或缺点〕

I could take you. The only thing is Dan might need the car.

我可以送你去，唯一的问题是丹可能要用车。

[the one and only](bold) at → [one](->one) 4 sense 2 [(only) time will tell](bold) at → [time](->time) 1 sense 36


only

used like ‘but’ to give the reason why something is not possible

I’d offer to help, only I’m really busy just now.

我是想帮你的，但眼下我实在很忙。


onset

ˈɑːn-, ˈɒːn-

Consult the doctor if there is a very sudden onset of fever.

the abrupt onset of the rainy season in India

Symptoms may include the rapid onset of nausea and vomiting.

(=happening earlier or later than commonly happens – used especially about serious illnesses)

The patient had a family history of early onset Alzheimer's disease.

An active and healthy lifestyle can delay the onset of disease in later life.

The tradition originates from an old Celtic feast marking the onset of winter.

the beginning of something, especially something bad

某事的开始[发作]〔尤指不好的事情〕


onto

ˈɑːn-, ˈɒːn-

used to say that someone or something moves to a position on a surface, area, or object

到 …上，向 …上，朝 …上

Don’t jump onto (=into) the bus while it’s moving.

别在公共汽车开动时跳上车。

把糖浆倒进鸡蛋混合料中。

used to say that a room, door, or window faces towards something or allows movement into another place

〔房间、门或窗〕朝，向；通往

The dining room looks out onto a pretty garden.

从饭厅望出去能看到一个漂亮的花园。

(also: [get onto sb](bold) ([especially BrE](bold)) )

to speak to someone in order to tell them or ask them something

A number of people have been onto me complaining about the noise.

一些人不断地向我抱怨噪声的事。

Get onto the Press Office and find out what’s happening.

去新闻办公室问问发生了什么事。

to know that a particular person did something wrong or committed a crime

发现某人做了错事，发现某人犯了罪

to have discovered or produced something new and interesting

发现新事物；制作出有趣的事物

With the new show, we were onto something big.

随着这出新剧的上演，我们将大有作为。

I think she’s onto a real winner with this song.

我认为这首歌会使她大获成功。

to be dealing with something or start dealing with something


onwards

also: [onward](bold) ([AmE](bold))  [adv](bold)

beginning at a particular time or age and continuing after that

He walked onwards to the head of the lake.

used to say that the development, increase, or progress of something continues

持续发展；不断增加；不断进步

With exports strong, the business is moving [onwards and upwards](bold).

随着出口的走强，公司蒸蒸日上。


opaque

[adj](bold) <[usually before noun](bold)>

opaque glass or liquid is difficult to see through and often thick

装有不透明玻璃门的淋浴间


open

[keep an eye open (for sth)](bold) at → [eye](->eye) 1 sense 14 [with your eyes open](bold) at → [eye](->eye) 1 sense 19 → [open-eyed](->open-eyed)

not closed, so that things, people, air etc can go in and out or be put in and out

He [threw](bold) the door [open](bold) and ran down the stairs.

他猛地打开门，往楼下跑去。

The gates [swung](bold) silently [open](bold).

The bar door [flew open](bold) and a noisy group burst in.

酒吧的门猛地弹开，冲进来一群吵吵闹闹的人。

All the windows were [wide open](bold)(=completely open).

She looked at the open suitcase with surprise.

她惊讶地看着打开的手提箱。

There was an open bottle of wine on the table.

桌上有一瓶打开的葡萄酒。

not closed, so that your eyelids or your lips are apart

〔眼睛或嘴〕未合上的，张开的

I was so sleepy, I couldn’t [keep](bold) my eyes [open](bold).

He was fast asleep with his mouth [wide open](bold).

not enclosed, or with no buildings, walls, trees etc

There was open ground at the end of the lane.

小巷的尽头有一片开阔地。

[open spaces](bold) such as parks and gardens

At weekends people want to leave the town for open countryside.

到了周末，人们就想离开城镇到开阔的乡村去。

A shoal of fish swam past heading for [the open sea](bold)(=part of the sea away from land).

一群鱼游过，朝外海游去。

The car’s performance is good, especially going fast on the [open road](bold)(=a road without traffic where you can drive fast).

这辆车性能不错，在畅通无阻的道路上快速行驶时尤其出色。

The president was riding with his wife in an open car.

总统和他的夫人乘坐一辆敞篷车。

Martin was struggling with the sails on the open deck.

马丁在露天甲板上费力地扯着船帆。

Many of the tombs had been robbed and left open to the sky.

许多坟墓被盗，裸露在青天白日之下。

The dancing was outside, in the open air.

Jane wanted to rush to the door and get out into the open air.

简很想冲到门口，到外面去。

ready for business and allowing customers, visitors etc to enter

The museum is open daily in the summer months.

夏季里这座博物馆每天开放。

After the security alert, most of the firms affected were [open for business](bold) on Monday morning.

安全警报过后，大多数受到影响的公司都在星期一上午恢复营业。

The villagers are anxious that their local school is kept open.

村民们非常希望他们当地的学校能够继续办下去。

I declare this exhibition open (=officially say that it is now open).

allowing everyone, or everyone in a group, to take part in something, know about something, or have a chance to win something

人人都可参加的，对公众开放的

The competition is open to all readers in the UK.

英国的所有读者都可以参加这次比赛。

In many schools, governors’ meetings are not [open to the public](bold).

在许多学校，董事会议是不对公众开放的。

The discussion was then [thrown open](bold) for the audience’s questions.

这场讨论后来变成开放式，接受听众的提问。

The men’s race appears [wide open](bold)(=anyone could win it).

The painting would fetch several hundred dollars on [the open market](bold)(=a market in which anyone can buy or sell).

这幅画在公开市场上可卖到好几百美金。

if an opportunity, a possible action, a job etc is open to you, you have the chance to do it

〔机会、可能的行动、工作等〕可用的，可拥有的

她仍有机会得到这份工作。

The 1960s was a period when greater opportunities were open to women.

20世纪60年代，女性有了更多的机会。

So what other [options](bold) are [open](bold) to us?

那么我们还有什么其他的选择？

There is only one course of action open to the local authority.

地方当局只有一个办法可以采用。

actions, feelings, intentions etc that are open are not hidden or secret

Her father watched her with open admiration.

她父亲以不加掩饰的赞赏目光看着她。

The party was calling for more [open government](bold)(=when the government makes information freely available).

该政党呼吁要有更多的政务公开。

The case will be tried [in open court](bold)(=in a court where everything is public).

这个案子将进行公开审理。

It is [an open secret](bold)(=it is supposed to be secret, but most people know about it) that she is having an affair with another man.

她和另一个男人有染已是公开的秘密。

honest and not wanting to hide any facts from other people

The couple are quite open with each other about their feelings.

这对夫妻彼此之间开诚布公。

她对自己的志向相当坦白。

needing more discussion or thought before a decision can be made

The matter remains [an open question](bold).

The new rates of pay are open to negotiation.

The test results are open to interpretation.

Officers investigating her death are keeping their options open.

调查她死因的警员暂时未下定论。

likely to suffer from something or be affected by something

易受某事物损害的，容易被某事物影响的

The magazine’s editor is [open to criticism](bold) in allowing the article to be printed.

该杂志的编辑会因允许刊登此文而遭受批评。

The regulations are open to abuse by companies.

这些法规很容易被各公司滥用。

He has [left](bold) himself [open to](bold) accusations of dishonesty.

他使自己陷于被人指责为不诚实的境地。

willing to consider something new or to accept something new

Teachers need to be open to children’s ideas.

教师要乐于倾听儿童的各种想法。

该委员会乐于接受各种建议。

The owners of the building want to sell and are open to offers.

业主想要出售大楼并欢迎报价。

if a road or line of communication is open, it is not blocked and can be used

We try to [keep](bold) the mountain roads [open](bold) all through the winter.

我们力图保持山路在整个冬季都畅通。

spread apart instead of closed, curled over etc

He was sitting in bed with a book lying open (=with its pages apart so it can be read) on his knees.

他坐在床上，腿上放着一本摊开的书。

if you have an open mind, you deliberately do not make a decision or form a definite opinion about something

It’s important to [keep an open mind](bold) as you study the topic.

研究这个题目时，不抱成见很重要。

if something is open to question, there are doubts about it

Whether the new situation is an improvement is open to question.

这一新局面是否算是一种改善仍令人怀疑。

to be very pleased to see someone or something

热烈地欢迎/迎接某人/某事物

Mike will be welcomed back into the team with open arms.

迈克归队将受到热烈的欢迎。

an invitation to visit someone whenever you like

something that makes it easier for criminals to steal, cheat etc

The lack of security measures provides an open invitation to crime.

缺乏安全措施为犯罪分子提供了可乘之机。

to be something that you know and understand very well

是 …非常熟悉的事物，是 …很了解的事物

The natural world was an open book to him.

there is an opportunity for someone to do something

Schoolgirls are being told that the door is open to them to pursue careers in science.

女学生们被告知，她们是有机会从事科学事业的。

to keep looking or listening so that you will notice anything that is important, dangerous etc

睁大眼睛看/竖起耳朵听〔以便注意到重要的、危险的等事情〕

cloth with an open weave or texture has wide spaces between the threads

〔织物的〕稀松织法/质地


open

[open the floodgates](bold) at → [floodgate](->floodgate)

[Open](bold)  belongs to a group of verbs where the same noun can be the subject of the verb or its object.

You can say: She opened the door.  In this sentence, ‘the door’ is the object of [open](bold) .

You can say: The door opened.  In this sentence, ‘the door’ is the subject of [open](bold) .

used about a door, window, container, package, letter, your eyes, or your mouth

She was nervous about opening the letter.

to open a door, drawer, box etc with a key

to open a lid on a bottle, container etc by turning it

I carefully unscrewed the lid of the jar.

to open a drawer, window, cupboard etc using force

The door was locked so we had to force it open.

to open a package by removing the paper that covers it

The children were busy unwrapping their Christmas presents.

to make something no longer fastened or tied, for example a seat belt or a piece of clothing

He unfastened the top button of his shirt.

to move a door, window etc so that people, things, air etc can pass through, or to be moved in this way

她听到有扇门开了又关上。

to unfasten or remove the lid, top, or cover of a container, package etc

He opened the letter and began to read it.

The children were opening their presents.

Mark was about to open a beer when the doorbell rang.

马克正要开一瓶啤酒，这时门铃响了。

to raise your eyelids so that you can see, or to be raised in this way

Barry was awake long before he opened his eyes.

巴里睁开眼睛之前早就醒了。

Carrie smelled coffee and her eyes opened reluctantly.

卡丽闻到了咖啡的味道，这才勉强睁开了眼睛。

to move your lips apart, or to be moved in this way

He opened his mouth but couldn’t think what to say.

他张开嘴，但想不出该说什么。

if a place such as an office, shop, restaurant etc opens or is opened, it starts operating or providing a service

〔公司、商店、餐馆等〕开张，开业

→see THESAURUS at [establish](->establish)

Sarah had recently opened an office in Genoa.

萨拉最近在热那亚开办了一个办事处。

French and Scandinavian offices are due to open in the autumn.

法国和斯堪的纳维亚的办事处将在秋天开始办公。

The Forestry Commission has opened a plant centre selling rare plants.

林业委员会开设了一个植物中心出售稀有植物。

The centre has been a great success since it [opened its doors](bold) a year ago.

该中心自一年前开张以来经营得很成功。

to start business, letting in customers or visitors, at a particular time

to start an activity, event, or set of actions

The US attorney’s office has opened an investigation into the matter.

美国联邦检察官已对此事展开了调查。

An inquest into the deaths will be opened next week.

to make a document or computer program ready to use

打开，开启〔计算机文件或程序〕

Click on this icon to open the File Manager.

点击这个图标打开文件管理器。

if a meeting etc opens or is opened in a particular way, it starts in that way

（使）〔会议等〕开幕，（使）开始

Hughes, opening the Conference, made a dramatic plea for peace.

休斯在大会开幕时对和平的呼吁令人印象深刻。

The concert opens with Beethoven’s Egmont Overture.

音乐会以贝多芬的《埃格蒙特序曲》开场。

to perform a ceremony in which you officially state that a building is ready to be used

为〔大楼等〕举行揭幕典礼；宣布 …落成

The new County Hall building was officially opened by the King.

郡议会新大楼由国王正式宣布落成。

to spread something out or unfold something, or to become spread out or unfolded

John opened his hand to show her he wasn’t holding anything.

约翰摊开手掌，给她看他什么也没拿。

The flowers only open during bright weather.

这种花只在晴朗的天气里开放。

She opened the curtains (=pulled the two curtains apart).

Dave opened his arms (=stretched his arms wide apart) to give her a hug.

to make it possible for cars, goods etc to pass through a place

开通，开放〔使汽车、货物等通过〕

They were clearing away snow to open the tunnel.

他们在清扫积雪使隧道能够通行。

The peace treaty promises an end to war and [opens](bold) the [borders](bold) between the two countries.

这份和约承诺结束战争并开放两国的边境。

Paula and Rachael star as mother and daughter in the play, which opens tonight.

葆拉和雷切尔在今晚首演的剧中饰演一对母女。

The film opened yesterday to excellent reviews.

这部影片昨天公映，获得佳评。

to start an account at a bank or other financial organization by putting money into it

Mary was in the bank to ask about opening a current account.

玛丽在银行里询问开立活期存款账户的事。

to start shooting at someone or something

to make an opportunity for something to happen

给某事物以机会，给某事物敞开方便之门

Research on genes should open the door to exciting new medical treatments.

基因研究应该会为开发令人振奋的新疗法创造机会。

If the record is successful, it could open doors for my career.

这张唱片如果畅销，就能为我的事业打开成功之门。

to make someone realize something that they had not realized before

使某人认清[了解]（某事）

The purpose of the training is to open managers’ eyes to the consequences of their own behaviour.

此次培训的目的是要让管理人员认识到自身行为的后果。

to be ready to consider or accept new ideas

乐于考虑[接受]〔新观念〕

to tell someone your real thoughts and feelings because you trust them

（对某人）敞开心扉，（向某人）倾吐心事


open

In the summer, we camped [in the open](bold).

information that is out in the open is not hidden or secret

By now the whole affair was in the open.

如今整件事情已经公开了。

She never let her dislike for him [come out into the open](bold).

她从不把对他的反感表现出来。

All these concerns need to be [brought out into the open](bold).

所有这些担心都需要公开讲出来。


opening

the time when a new building, road etc is used for the first time, or when a public event begins, especially when it involves a special ceremony

〔新建筑、道路等的〕落成，启用，开通；〔公众活动的〕开幕式

the beginning or first part of something

There are very few openings in scientific research.

科学研究领域很少有职位空缺。

a chance for someone to do or say something

〔某人说话或做事的〕良机，机会

His question left an opening for me to say exactly what I thought.

他的问题正好给我一个机会说出自己真实的想法。

I was startled by the sudden opening of the door.

门突然打开，吓了我一跳。


openly

in a way that does not hide your feelings, opinions, or the facts

Sarah [talked openly](bold) about her problems.

萨拉毫不掩饰地说起自己的问题。

He was [openly critical](bold) of his colleagues.


opera

[operatic](bold) /ˌɒpəˈrætɪk◂/ US /ˌɑː-/  adj. eg: operatic performances

→ [grand opera](->grand opera) → [soap opera](->soap opera)

a musical play in which all of the words are sung

We [go to the opera](bold)(=go to a performance of opera) regularly.


operate

to use and control a machine or equipment

使用，操作，操纵〔机器或设备〕

The Lewis family operated a number of boats on the canal.

刘易斯一家在运河上经营着几艘船。

Clive was experienced in operating the computers.

克莱夫对操作电脑很有经验。

if a machine operates in a particular way, it works in that way

Check that the equipment is operating in a safe manner.

检查一下设备是否安全运转。

The bus is designed to operate in all weather conditions.

这种公共汽车的设计使它能够在各种天气条件下行驶。

大多数冰柜制冷可达零下18摄氏度以下。

if a business or organization operates in a particular place or way, it works in that place or way

〔企业或机构在某处或以某种方式〕经营，营业，活动

a design company operating from offices in Seattle

在西雅图办公楼里运营的一家设计公司

校园里开办了一个幼儿游戏班。

They were trying to reduce [operating costs](bold).

他们在设法降低经营成本。

经营，管理〔企业或机构〕

Nuns are operating an emergency hospital.

修女们在经营一家急救医院。

if a system, process, or service operates, or if you operate it, it works

（使）运作，（使）运行，（使）工作

The whole tax system is now operating more efficiently.

现在整个税收制度运作效率更高了。

The new law doesn’t operate in our favour.

The car parks operate a pay-as-you-leave system.

这些停车场按“离开时付费”的模式运作。

The bus company operates a Monday to Saturday service.

这家公共汽车公司周一至周六运营。

to cut into someone’s body in order to repair or remove a part that is damaged

Doctors had to operate to remove the bullet.

医生不得不开刀取出子弹。

the surgeon who operated on Taylor’s knee

给泰勒的膝部动手术的外科医生

→ A doctor does not ‘operate’ a part of a person’s body. He or she [operates on](bold) it[They need to operate on her stomach (NOT operate her stomach).](italic)

to do your job or try to achieve things in a particular way

Most people just can’t operate in noisy crowded conditions.

大多数人都无法在嘈杂拥挤的环境里工作。

Older children often like to operate independently.

大一些的孩子通常都喜欢独立行事。

if soldiers or police officers are operating in an area, they are working in that area

〔士兵或警察在某地区〕行动，执行公务

Security patrols now operate in some of the most dangerous parts of the city.

目前，治安巡逻队正在该城市最危险的一些地区执行任务。

enemy submarines operating in the Mediterranean

在地中海行动的敌军潜水艇

The foam operates as a very effective filter.

这些泡沫材料能起到很有效的过滤作用。

The car’s service manual is designed to operate as a guide for owners.

汽车的维护手册被设计成具有用户指南的功能。

the laws of evolution operating on each species

对每一物种都产生作用的进化法则


operation

the process of cutting into someone’s body to repair or remove a part that is damaged

He had an operation to remove a blood clot from his brain.

an operation performed in a particular way on a particular part of the body. [Procedure](bold) is used especially in medical English, for example by doctors and people who work in hospitals. In everyday English people usually say [operation](bold)

The procedure normally only takes a few minutes.

an operation to remove an organ from one person’s body and put it into another person’s body

There is a shortage of donors for heart transplants.

medical treatment involving an operation

The singer has just had plastic surgery on her nose.

an operation to make someone’s blood flow past a part of their heart that is blocked or damaged, often using a  that has been removed from another part of their body

He went into hospital for a triple heart bypass.

an operation to repair an area of skin that has been badly damaged, especially using skin from another part of someone’s body

Her leg was severely burned and may require a skin graft.

She has undergone 50 operations since birth.

The operation was carried out by a team of surgeons at Papworth Hospital.

I’ve done this operation hundreds of times.

A man is recovering from an emergency operation after his pet dog attacked him.

Only one person has survived an operation to implant an artificial heart.

He is almost back to full fitness after a knee operation.

The unit cares for patients recovering from major operations.

He had to have his spleen removed in an emergency operation.

a routine operation to remove an appendix

The child underwent a life-saving operation to remove a blockage in her stomach.

He is too weak to undergo a transplant operation.

She’s going to need an operation on her ankle.

He had an operation to reduce the swelling in his brain.

他做了个手术以减轻脑部水肿。

The firm set up its own property development operation.

这家商行成立了自己的房地产开发公司。

Nolan and Barnes were both involved in the operation.

诺兰和巴恩斯都参与了公司经营。

the work or activities done by a business or organization, or the process of doing this work

Many small businesses fail in the first year of operation.

许多小企业在经营的第一年就倒闭了。

The Education Business Partnership has [been in operation](bold) since 1989.

教育商业合作组织从1989年起开始运营。

a set of planned actions or activities for a particular purpose

〔为了专门目的而组织的〕行动

The UN rescue operation started shortly after dawn.

联合国的救援行动在破晓后不久就开始了。

the way the parts of a machine or system work together, or the process of making a machine or system work

The aircraft’s engine operation was normal.

Protective clothing must be worn when the machine is in operation.

机器运转时，必须穿着防护服。

The device has a single button, allowing for easy operation.

这个装置只有一个按钮，操作简便。

Careful checks must be made before the factory commences operation.

工厂开始运营之前必须进行仔细检查。

The new investment system [came into operation](bold) in 1999.

这套新的投资系统于1999年开始运作。

the way something such as a principle or law works or has an effect

a clear example of the law of gravity in operation

万有引力定律产生作用的明显例子

[come/go into operation](bold)(=begin to have an effect)

The new rule comes into operation on February 1.

新规定于2月1日起生效。

[put/bring sth into operation](bold)(=make something start to work)

A scheme is being brought into operation to see how these changes would work.

正在实施一项方案以观察这些变革会产生什么作用。

a planned military or police action, especially one that involves a lot of people

〔尤指涉及众多人员的〕军事行动，警方行动

Britain will carry out a joint [military operation](bold) with the US.

英国将与美国实施联合军事行动。


operational

ˌɒpəˈreɪʃənəl◂

The boat should be operational by this afternoon.

今天下午这艘船应该可以使用了。

The new system [became operational](bold) in March.

Our main offices are now [fully operational](bold).

我们的总部现已全面投入运营。

relating to the operation of a business, government etc

〔企业、政府等〕运作的，操作上的，经营上的

Patco accepted full responsibility for operational management.

帕科同意全面负责经营管理。


operator

someone who works on a telephone switchboard, who you can call for help

Hello, operator? Could you put me through to Room 31?

喂，接线员吗？请帮我接31号房间。

someone who operates a machine or piece of equipment

〔机器或设备的〕操作者，操作员

computers which can be used by untrained operators

未经训练的操作者也可使用的电脑

a person or company that operates a particular business

new regulations affecting taxi operators

对出租汽车公司有影响的新规定

Julian travelled with Caribbean Connection, the UK's leading Caribbean [tour operator](bold)(=company that arranges holidays).

朱利安在加勒比联运——英国主要的加勒比旅游服务公司报了团去旅游。

a [private operator](bold) running regular passenger services

一家提供定期客运服务的私营公司

someone who is good at achieving things by persuading people to help or agree with them

善于摆布他人的人，精明圆滑的人

Monsieur Valentin was a formidable political operator.

瓦朗坦先生是个令人生畏的耍弄政治手腕的高手。

He may not look it, but Newman is a [smooth operator](bold)(=someone who is good at persuading people but who you feel you cannot trust).

虽然表面看不出来，但纽曼的确是个八面玲珑的取巧者。


opinion

what you think about something or someone

People didn’t usually ask his opinion about anything.

She has rather a low opinion of young people.

your opinion about a serious or important issue

In my view, footballers are paid too much.

your opinion, especially when this is influenced by the situation you are in

From a farmer’s point of view, foxes are a nuisance.

the official opinion of a government, political party, or someone in authority

The prime minister has made his position perfectly clear.

The party has changed its position on nuclear weapons.

your opinions and feelings about something or someone, especially when this shows in your behaviour

My parents and I have very different attitudes to life.

It was his attitude to women that shocked me.

an opinion that one group of people have about a subject, especially when this is different from that of another group

There is one school of thought that says that coffee is addictive and is therefore a bad thing.

There are two schools of thought on this.

Everyone seemed to have a different opinion.

He holds strong opinions on these issues.

We asked people for their opinions about the Olympics.

It’s a good idea to ask people for their opinions and suggestions.

(=give your opinion, especially in a formal situation)

She has every right to voice her opinion.

(=gradually decide what your opinion is)

Olson had not yet formed an opinion as to Mark’s reliability.

(=the opinion that most people have about something)

The general opinion seems to be that the government has made a mess of the war.

(=what ordinary people think about something)

How much do newspapers influence popular opinion?

My personal opinion is that his first film was better.

People have strong opinions about this subject.

He and Luke had a difference of opinion.

(=used to say that you disagree, or that people disagree about something)

‘He’s a very nice man.’ ‘That’s a matter of opinion,’ thought Sam.

Contrary to popular opinion, many cats dislike milk.

(=used when giving your opinion, especially when you want to emphasize what you are about to say)

In my humble opinion, he is the greatest sportsman Britain has produced.

As the youngest person there, I knew enough to keep my opinions to myself.

(=people have different opinions about it)

Opinion was divided as to whether the program will work.

(=used especially when politely disagreeing with what someone says)

Of course everyone is entitled to their opinion, but I can't accept what he is saying.

your ideas or beliefs about a particular subject

He asked his wife’s opinion on every important decision.

The two women had very different opinions about drugs.

[in my opinion](bold)(=used when giving your opinion)

In my opinion, the law should be changed.

Don’t say: [on my opinion](strike)  [according to my opinion](strike)

In everyday English, people usually say [I think ...](bold)  rather than [my opinion is ...](bold)  or [in my opinion ...](bold) . In questions, people usually ask [what do you think?](bold)  rather than [what is your opinion?](bold)  [What do you think](bold) of Cathy?

judgment or advice from a professional person about something

When choosing an insurance policy it’s best to [get](bold) an independent [opinion](bold).

选择保险时，最好听听专家的独立意见。

My doctor says I need an operation, but I’ve asked for a [second opinion](bold)(=advice from a second doctor to make sure that the first advice is right).

我的医生说我需要开刀，不过我又征询了其他医生的意见。

They took the painting to get an [expert opinion](bold)(=an opinion from someone who knows a lot).

他们把这幅画拿去征求专家的意见。

have a high/low/good/bad etc opinion of sb/sth

to think that someone or something is very good or very bad

对某人/某事物评价很高/很低/很好/很差等

They have a very high opinion of Paula’s work.

他们对葆拉的工作评价很高。

I was firmly of the opinion that we should not give Jackson any more money.

我坚决主张不要再给杰克逊钱了。


opponent

Who was her main opponent for the presidential nomination?

In July the authorities arrested two leading opponents of the government.

Arizona is a strong opponent, but the Oregon team intend to beat them.

In debate, he was a formidable opponent.

In tomorrow's match, he will take on his most dangerous opponent.

The Democratic Senator has shown himself to be a worthy opponent.

The team were facing their final opponent of the season.

She came within three points of defeating her opponent.

(=gain an advantage over an opponent by being more intelligent or skilful than they are)

Football is all about outwitting your opponents.

(=one of the main opponents, often influencing other people)

She was a leading opponent of gun control in the Senate.

(=one who feels strongly that a particular thing is wrong and tries to stop it)

Brennan was a strong opponent of the death penalty.

(=a very strong opponent, who often expresses their opinions angrily)

She became well-known as a bitter opponent of slavery.

(=one who opposes something with a lot of energy and determination)

a vigorous opponent of the use of nuclear weapons

(=one who publicly expresses disagreement with something)

He was a vocal opponent of closer relations with the United States.

(=one who publicly expresses very strong disagreement)

Many residents were vociferous opponents of the plan.

someone who you try to defeat in a competition, game, fight, or argument

〔竞争、比赛、打斗、争执等的〕对手，敌手

Graf’s opponent in today’s final will be Sukova.

格拉芙今天的决赛对手将是苏科娃。

During the primary elections, McCain was Bush’s leading opponent.

在辩论时他是一位难以应付的对手。

He is admired even by his [political opponents](bold).

someone who disagrees with a plan, idea, or system and wants to try to stop or change it

Rodgers was not an opponent of the new airport.

罗杰斯并不反对建设新机场。

直言不讳反对枪支管制的人


opportunity

I was lucky enough to have the opportunity to travel.

Several employees took the opportunity to retire early.

(=do something very eagerly when you have the chance)

She saw an opportunity to speak to him, and seized it.

(=not do something you have a chance to do)

Dwyer never missed an opportunity to criticize her.

The children should be given the opportunity to make their own choices.

I decided to go, as I might never get this opportunity again.

The course also provides an opportunity to study Japanese.

We had outgrown our house when the opportunity came up to buy one with more land.

Perhaps she would explain later, if the opportunity arose.

It's a great opportunity to try new things.

I'd been wanting to try sailing, and this seemed like the ideal opportunity.

The council has missed a golden opportunity to improve the town centre.

a unique opportunity to stay in a real castle

(=a very good opportunity that you will only get once)

For many athletes, the Olympics are a once-in-a-lifetime opportunity.

Many people see the failed talks as a missed opportunity for peace.

There will be ample opportunity for shopping.

They had little opportunity to discuss the issue beforehand.

(=a chance to take a good photograph, especially of a particular person)

Parents will always look for good photo opportunities at their kid's graduation ceremony.

He decided to leave school at the earliest opportunity.

She went to the museum at every opportunity.

The other team started making mistakes, but we didn't take advantage of this window of opportunity.

(=a country where people have a lot of good opportunities)

America was then seen as a land of opportunity.

The winner of the contest got the opportunity of a lifetime – the chance to work with a top fashion designer.

a chance to do something or an occasion when it is easy for you to do something

a rare opportunity to see inside this historic building

参观这栋历史建筑内部的难得机会

I’d like to take this opportunity to thank you all.

Games and songs provide an opportunity for classroom interaction.

游戏和唱歌提供了课堂互动的机会。

a chance to get a job or improve your situation at work

〔得到工作或晋升的〕机会

There are fewer opportunities for new graduates this year.

今年新毕业的大学生就业机会较少。

[equal opportunities](bold) at → [equal](->equal) 1 sense 2


oppose

to think that a plan or idea is wrong, and to try to prevent it from happening or succeeding

Hundreds of people wrote to oppose the scheme.

to think that something is wrong and should not be allowed

Most people are opposed to the privatization of the city’s public transportation system.

I don’t agree with training animals for entertainment.

She strongly objects to being told what to do.

to try to prevent a change from happening, or prevent yourself from being forced to do something

People often resist change, when they have been used to doing things in a certain way for a long time.

She resisted all attempts to teach her how to cook.

opposed to something – used in adjectives

to disagree with something such as a plan or idea and try to prevent it from happening or succeeding

Congress is continuing to oppose the president’s health care budget.

国会继续反对总统的卫生保健预算。

to fight or compete against another person or group in a battle, competition, or election

还有另外两名候选人和他竞争。


opposed

to disagree with something such as a plan or system

反对某事物，不赞成某事物

Most of us are opposed to the death penalty.

我们大多数人都反对死刑。

two ideas that are opposed to each other are completely different from each other

〔观点〕截然相反的，对立的

The principles of capitalism and socialism are [diametrically opposed](bold)(=completely opposite).

资本主义的原则与社会主义的原则截然相反。

used to compare two things and show that they are different from each other

与某事物相反，而非某事物

Students discuss ideas, as opposed to just copying from books.

学生们讨论观点，而不是单纯照搬课本。


opposite

if one thing or person is opposite another, they are facing each other

The people sitting opposite us looked very familiar.

坐在我们对面的那些人看上去很面熟。

→ Do not say that one thing is ‘opposite to’ or ‘opposite of’ another. Say that one thing is [opposite](bold) another[There’s a car park opposite the hotel.](italic)

to act with someone in a film, especially as the two main characters

〔在影片中〕和某人联袂主演，和某人演对手戏

a comedy in which he stars opposite Julia Roberts

他和朱莉娅•罗伯茨联袂主演的一部喜剧片


opposite

as different as possible from something else

对立的，截然相反的，完全不同的

I thought the medicine would make him sleep, but it [had the opposite effect](bold).

我以为这药会让他睡觉，但是它却起了反作用。

[at the opposite end of the scale/spectrum](bold)

two parties at opposite ends of the political spectrum

政治立场截然对立的两个党派

[At the opposite extreme,](bold) Ashworth’s style is very simple and modern.

截然相反的是，阿什沃思的风格非常简单和现代。

Bob was quicker than Ed? It’s usually [the opposite way round](bold).

鲍勃比埃德快？通常是反过来的。

a political philosophy that was opposite to everything she believed in

和她的所有信仰相悖的一种政治哲学

the opposite direction, way etc is directly away from someone or something

She turned and walked off [in the opposite direction](bold).

But the sign was pointing [the opposite way](bold).

可是指示牌却指着相反的方向。

the opposite side, corner, edge etc of something is on the other side of the same area, often facing it

〔边、角等〕对面的，相对的

The store was [on the opposite side of](bold) the street.

They work [at opposite ends of the country](bold)(=a long distance apart), so only see each other at weekends.

他们虽在同一国家工作，但各在一方，因此只能在周末见面。

the other sex. If you are a man, women are the opposite sex

someone who has the same job in another similar organization

〔在另一个类似的机构中〕居相同职位的人，职务对等的人

a meeting with her opposite number at the Department of Health

她和卫生部同级官员之间的一次会议


opposite

She is the complete opposite of her sister.

My own experience says that the exact opposite is true.

(=used about two things, people etc that are completely opposite)

These two viewpoints seem like polar opposites.

Mum was the polar opposite of dear old Dad.

People believe the Sun moved around the Earth, but Copernicus showed that the opposite was the case.

(=completely different than what has been said)

It looks simple, but it is exactly the opposite.

Exercise does not increase the appetite - in fact, the very opposite is true.

He wasn’t laughing. Quite the opposite, in fact.

Whatever I tell him to do, he does the opposite.

a person or thing that is as different as possible from someone or something else

相反的人[事物]，对立物

“乐观”的反义词是什么？

She’s quite shy, [the exact opposite of](bold) Becky.

她非常害羞，和贝姬正好相反。

The two men were [complete opposites](bold) – Simon tall and fair, Clive short and dark.

这两人完全相反——西蒙高而白，克莱夫矮而黑。

If anything, [the opposite](bold) was true.

一定要说什么的话，那就是情况正好相反。

Is it sensible to think of masculine/feminine as [polar opposites](bold)(=exactly or completely opposite)?

把阳刚和阴柔看成完全的对立面是否有道理？

used to say that something is completely different from what has just been said

I didn’t feel sleepy at all – just the opposite, in fact.

我一点都不困——事实上正好相反。

used to say that often people who have completely different characters become friends or are attracted to each other


opposite

in a position on the other side of the same area


opposition

strong disagreement with or protest against something

Opposition to the proposed scheme was widespread.

The plan met with stiff opposition strong opposition.

a reason you give for opposing an idea or plan

My main objection is that it will cost too much money.

a strong feeling of opposition to something, or dislike for someone, which is shown in your behaviour, and has often existed for a long time

his own antagonism to any form of authority

There is no antagonism towards tourists on the island.

angry remarks or behaviour that show someone opposes something very strongly, or dislikes someone very much

The announcement was greeted with hostility from some employees.

There is a certain amount of hostility towards the police among local people.

a strong feeling of opposition and dislike for someone or something

Her long-standing antipathy to Herr Kohl was well-known.

Darwin shared Lyell's antipathy to the idea that the same species could appear independently in different areas.

(=disagreement that someone feels strongly)

The scheme has met with strong opposition from local people.

It is certain that there will be fierce opposition to the changes.

(=showing extremely strong angry feelings)

The 2,000-strong congress met the violent opposition of left-wingers.

There has been vehement opposition from the fishing industry.

The development went ahead in spite of considerable opposition.

There was growing opposition to the war.

It took three years to overcome local opposition from environmentalists.

(=opposition from many people or in many places)

Journalists have reported widespread opposition to the regime.

Public opposition has blocked the building of nuclear power stations.

(=protest that people express by working together in an organized way)

The proposal was passed with no organized opposition.

(=experience opposition that has to be dealt with)

The proposal faced opposition from road safety campaigners.

meet (with) opposition/run into opposition

A new tax would meet a lot of opposition.

The Bill ran into opposition in the House of Lords.

The police encountered little opposition, and restored order within the hour.

Parents expressed their opposition to the tests.

(=deal with opposition so that it no longer exists)

Nothing he said could overcome their opposition.

arouse opposition/arouse the opposition of sb

A plan to build on farm land aroused local opposition.

The strongest opposition came from Republican voters.

strong disagreement with, or protest against, something such as a plan, law, or system

There was a great deal of opposition to the war.

对这场战争反对的意见很多。

They [face opposition](bold) from local residents as well as from environmentalists.

他们遭到了当地居民以及环境保护主义者的反对。

He is confident in his ability to [overcome](bold) all [opposition](bold) with his personal charm.

他自信有能力以个人魅力来化解一切反对力量。

The proposals have [aroused the opposition of](bold) teachers.

这些建议引起了教师们的反对。

[Strong opposition](bold) resulted in rejection of the bill.

在强烈反对下这项议案遭到否决。

Plans to turn the site into a £600 million leisure complex have met with [stiff opposition](bold).

将该处改造成造价六亿英镑的综合性休闲大楼的计划遭到了激烈的反对。

Much [public opposition](bold) to the new law remained.

公众对这项新法律仍存在普遍的反对情绪。

Workers found themselves [in opposition to](bold) local interests.

工人们发现自己与当地人的利益存在冲突。

in some countries such as Britain, the main political party in Parliament that is not part of the government

the three main [opposition parties](bold)

in some countries such as Britain, a political party that is in opposition is in Parliament, but is not part of the government

The Socialists were elected to power after ten years in opposition.

社会党在野十年后当选执政。

the people who you are competing against

They played well against good opposition.

他们面对强敌打得很出色。

In this meaning, [opposition](bold)  is usually followed by a singular verb: The opposition [was](bold) too strong for us.

In British English, you can also use a plural verb: The opposition [were](bold) too strong for us.

the opposition between capitalism and socialism

资本主义和社会主义的对立


oppression

when someone treats a group of people unfairly or cruelly and prevents them from having the same rights as other people have

They suffered years of political oppression.

他们遭受了多年的政治压迫。


oppressive

暴虐的，残酷的；不公平的

weather that is oppressive is unpleasantly hot with no movement of air

〔天气〕闷热的，令人烦闷的

the [oppressive heat](bold) of the afternoon

a situation that is oppressive makes you unhappy, worried, or uncomfortable

〔情况〕压抑的，令人郁闷的


opt

to choose one thing or do one thing instead of another

Many young people are opting to go on to college.

许多年轻人都选择上大学继续深造。


optical

relating to machines or processes which are concerned with light, images, or the way we see things

microscopes and other [optical instruments](bold)


optimism

The team was in a mood of great optimism.

These figures indicate that we can go into next year with considerable optimism.

(=the belief that a future situation will be good or better than before, although you cannot be not sure)

The U.N. sees cause for cautious optimism in what has been achieved so far.

He expressed guarded optimism about the company's future.

(=optimism based on wrong ideas or information)

In his speech he warned against false optimism about the immediate future.

(=optimism that you feel at the start of a process, especially when it does not continue)

There was initial optimism about a breakthrough in relations between the two countries.

(=optimism that you start to feel again, after you stopped feeling it)

The new leadership has brought renewed optimism.

Diplomats expressed optimism about the progress of the talks.

(=feel the optimism that someone else feels)

After so many problems, I found it hard to share his optimism.

His optimism grew as the time came nearer for his release.

The lower crime figures are certainly grounds for optimism.

A mood of optimism prevails in the White House.

The team are riding a wave of optimism after their recent victory.

(=have a possibility that things might get better)

There is little room for optimism in the current financial situation.

(=be feeling that good things will happen)

The 1970s began full of optimism and confidence about world development .

a tendency to believe that good things will always happen

Recent results must give some cause for optimism.

近来的成绩一定会让人产生某些乐观情绪。

There are grounds for [cautious optimism](bold).

国内新出现的一种乐观主义情绪

There was optimism that an agreement could be reached.

有一种乐观情绪，认为能够达成一项协议。

I don’t share his optimism about our chances of success.

我对我们成功的希望不像他那样乐观。


optimistic

ˌɒptəmɪstɪk◂

I’m optimistic about our chances of winning.

believing that what you hope for will happen

The test results made him feel more hopeful about his chances of recovery.

thinking about what is good in a situation, rather than what is bad

Try to be more positive about your work.

She has a very positive attitude to life.

having a cheerful attitude and showing that you expect to succeed, or that a situation will get better, especially the economic or political situation

The prime minister was upbeat, predicting that the economy would soon come out of recession.

an upbeat message about the party’s chances of winning the election

feeling confident about the future – used especially when talking the economic situation, or a company’s chances of success

He’s very bullish about the company’s prospects.

Stockmarket analysts expect the bullish trend to continue.

hopeful and not worried about what will happen in the future, especially when the situation seems difficult – a very formal use

Koons himself somehow remains sanguine in the face of all the criticism.

Other commentators are less sanguine, and fear that the world economy is on the verge of recession.

if the future or your life seems rosy, it seems good and you expect good things to happen

Returning soldiers found life less rosy than they had hoped.

The price of oil keeps going up, and things look pretty rosy for the big oil companies.

to consider the good parts of a situation, which seems bad in many other ways – used especially when telling someone that they should do this

Look on the bright side – it could have been a lot worse.

believing that good things will happen in the future

Bankers are [cautiously optimistic](bold) about the country’s economic future.

银行家对该国的经济前景持谨慎乐观的态度。

We are still relatively optimistic that the factory can be saved.

我们仍然比较乐观地认为工厂能够得到挽救。

安德鲁抱有更为乐观的想法。

thinking that things will be better, easier, or more successful than is actually possible

过于有信心的，过分乐观的


optimum

the best or most suitable for a particular purpose or in a particular situation

This design makes the optimum use of the available space.

这一设计最大限度地利用了现有的空间。


option

At the moment, children have the option of leaving school at 16.

In a situation like this, you have two options.

Some employees were given the option of retiring early.

Buyers will usually be offered the option of paying in instalments.

Fewer women are choosing the option of motherhood.

Which option do you think they'll go for?

America was persuaded not to take up the option of military action.

You have to look at every option as your business develops.

If you don’t go to college, it may limit your options.

Renting a house may be a better option than buying.

If time is short, taking the car to northern France is an attractive option.

(=something that you can really choose to do)

I wanted to start my own business but financially it was never a realistic option.

(=something you can choose that will be successful)

Surgery may be a viable option when all else fails.

Independent sixth-form colleges are becoming a popular option.

We urgently need to find a cheaper option than oil or gas.

A special savings account can be a safe option.

The new scheme appears to be the airport management’s preferred option.

(=a choice which is not difficult, or which needs the least effort)

For most people, divorce is never an easy option.

(=a particular choice is available to someone)

Giving a prison sentence is only one of the options open to the judge.

(=to not limit what you can choose to do later)

Studying a broad range of subjects helps to keep your options open.

(=have no other choice than to do something)

The council is considering a range of options for improving the city’s transport system.

a choice you can make in a particular situation

There are a number of options available.

This was not the only [option open](bold) to him.

一系列可降低成本的选择方案

Another option is to rent somewhere for six months.

另一个选择是在哪里租六个月。

She [had the option of](bold) staying for an extra year.

Teenage mothers often [have no option but to](bold)(=have no other choice except to) live with their parents.

暂不作决定，留有选择余地

I’m keeping all my options open for the moment.

目前我暂时不作任何决定。

one of the possible choices you can make when using computer software

〔使用计算机程序时的〕选项，选择

the choice which will be the least difficult, least strict, or need the least effort, which someone might choose because they are lazy

Is community service just a soft option for criminals?

社区服务对于罪犯来说是否只是一种较轻的惩罚方式？

the right to buy or sell something in the future

The government has agreed to buy 20 planes, with an option on a further 10.

政府已同意购买20架飞机，并拥有再买10架的选择权。

Connor now owns 302,000 shares and options.

康纳现在拥有302,000份股份和期权。

one of the subjects that you can choose to study at school for an examination, or as part of a course at a college or university

something that is offered in addition to the standard equipment when you buy something new, especially a car

〔购买新设备，尤其是汽车时提供的〕附件，配件

the chance to buy or get something before anyone else

They’ve agreed to give us the first option on their apartment.

他们同意给予我们那套房子的优先购买权。


optional

if something is optional, you do not have to do it or use it, but you can choose to if you want to

其他的短途旅行是自选项目。

In everyday English, people often say that you [don’t have to do sth](bold)  rather than say it is [optional](bold) :


or

used between two possibilities or choices, or before the last one in a list of possibilities or choices

Don’t get the chemicals on your hands or your clothes.

Payment can be made by cash, cheque  or  credit card.

used when giving another choice apart from the one you have already mentioned

Use a pair of scissors or, alternatively, a very sharp knife.

You can go up into the mountains. Alternatively, you can stroll around one of Switzerland’s delightful cities.

used when giving two very different ideas or opinions about something, especially when they need to be balanced against each other

On the one hand, I don’t want to hurt his feelings, but on the other, I don’t want to be miserable for the rest of my life.

used between two words or phrases to show that either of two things is possible, or used before the last in a list of possibilities or choices

Shall we go out to the cinema or stay at home?

我们是出去看电影还是待在家里？

你可以选择火腿、干酪或者金枪鱼。

[... or anything/something](bold) [spoken](special)(=or something of the same kind)

She wasn’t involved in drugs [or anything like that](bold).

Grapes are usually [either](bold) green [or](bold) red.

葡萄一般要么是绿色，要么是红色。

He’s going to do it [whether](bold) we like it [or not](bold).

不管我们喜欢与否，他都会去做这件事。

You must do the job yourself [or else](bold) employ someone else to do it.

你必须自己做这件事，或者就雇别人去做。

used after a negative verb when you mean not one thing and also not another thing

也不，也不是，也没有〔用于含否定意思的动词后〕

He doesn’t have a television or a video.

他没有电视机，也没有录像机。

Sonia never cleans or even offers to wash the dishes.

索尼娅从不收拾整理，甚至都不会说她来洗碗。

used to say that something bad could happen if someone does not do a particular thing

穿上外套，要不你会着凉的。

抓紧时间，不然的话我们要迟到了。

I had to defend myself [or else](bold) he’d have killed me.

我只得自卫，否则他就把我杀死了。

You’d better hand over the money, [or else](bold)(=used to threaten someone).

你最好把钱交出来，不然的话够你受的。

used to correct something that you have said or to give more specific information

即，那就是，或者说〔用于更正说法或给予更确切的信息〕

It’s going to snow tomorrow, or that’s what the forecast says.

明天要下雪，确切地说，气象预报是这样说的。

John picked us up in his car, [or rather](bold) his dad’s car which he’d borrowed.

约翰开着他的车——确切地说是问他爸爸借的车来接我们。

We’ve cleaned it all up, [or at least](bold) most of it.

我们全部清扫了一遍，或者说至少是清扫了大部分。

used to prove that something must be true, by saying that the situation would be different if it was not true

He must be at home, or his car wouldn’t be here.

他肯定在家里，否则他的汽车就不会在这里。

It’s obviously not urgent [or else](bold) they would have called us straight away.

这事显然不急，否则他们当即就打电话给我们了。

used to show that you are guessing at an amount or number because you cannot be exact

或，或者〔表示对某个数量或数字不很确定〕

I saw Donald leaving a minute or two ago.

我看到唐纳德一两分钟前离开的。

There’s a motel [a mile or so](bold) down the road (=about a mile or possibly a little more).

沿这条路一直走，到大约一英里的地方有家汽车旅馆。