trophy

a large object such as a silver cup or plate that someone receives as a prize for winning a competition

〔比赛等赢得的〕奖杯，奖盘

walls lined with banners and athletic trophies

[Football League/Masters/Heisman etc Trophy](bold)(=the name given to a particular competition for which the prize is a trophy)

something that you keep to prove your success in something, especially in war or hunting

〔尤指战争或狩猎中的〕战利品，猎获物，胜利纪念品

A lion’s head was among the trophies of his African trip.

狮头是他非洲之行的战利品之一。

a young beautiful woman who is married to a rich successful man who is much older than her – used to show disapproval

花瓶妻子〔指嫁给比自己年长许多的有钱人的年轻漂亮女子；含贬义〕

a property, piece of art, client etc that is very desirable and gives a lot of status to the person who has it

彰显地位的房产/艺术品/客户等

a rare opportunity to acquire a trophy property in this prestigious location

在这个享有盛名的地段获得一份彰显地位的房产的难得机会


tropical

coming from or existing in the hottest parts of the world

来自热带的；分布于热带的

[tropical diseases/medicine](bold)(=diseases that are common in hot countries or the study of these diseases)

weather that is tropical is very hot and wet


trot

[past tense and past participle](italic) [trotted](bold) [present participle](italic) [trotting](bold)

if a horse trots, it moves fairly quickly with each front leg moving at the same time as the opposite back leg

if a person or animal trots, they run fairly slowly, taking short regular steps

She came trotting down the steps from the library.

她从图书馆出来，小跑着下台阶。

to walk or go somewhere, especially fairly quickly

He trotted off and came back a couple of minutes later, holding a parcel.

他很快离开，几分钟以后又拿着一个包裹回来了。


trot

the movement of a horse at trotting speed

The class has been cancelled three weeks on the trot now.

到现在，这门课程已连续三周被取消。

a fairly slow way of running in which you take short regular steps

She [broke into a trot](bold)(=started running slowly) and hurried on ahead of us.

她突然小跑起来，赶到我们前头。

a book of notes or answers used by students, especially to cheat in tests

〔尤用于考试作弊的〕笔记，答案


trouble

[Trouble ](bold)  is usually used as an uncountable noun: Are you having trouble with your car?
Don’t say: [Are you having a trouble with your car?](strike)  [Trouble](bold)  is not used with ‘a’.

The plural form [troubles](bold)  is used when talking about worries or bad experiences that someone has: Tell me about all your troubles.

He is having trouble getting his message across to the voters.

I hope the delay hasn’t caused you any trouble.

There was some trouble at her office, but she didn’t say what it was.

They are now much more competitive, which can only spell trouble for their rivals.

It’s asking for trouble to wear high-heeled shoes on a long walk.

High interest rates spell big trouble for homeowners.

I’ve been having terrible trouble sleeping.

They had endless trouble with the water supply.

I was having serious trouble knowing where to begin.

(=small problems that you have when you first start doing a new job or using a new system)

There were a lot of teething troubles in the first year.

A couple of nurses rushed into the room to see what the trouble was.

The work was carried out without any trouble.

We’re having a lot of trouble with the new computer system.

我们的新电脑系统有许多问题。

Recent stock market losses point to trouble ahead.

最近股市的下跌预示着未来将有麻烦。

used when saying what is bad about a person or situation or what causes problems

[The trouble with](bold) you [is that](bold) you don’t listen.

你的问题是听不进别人的话。

[The trouble is](bold) there are too many people and not enough places.

问题是人太多，地方不够。

But no one ever remembers – [that’s the trouble](bold).

但是没有一个人记得——这是个问题。

You never think, [that’s](bold) your [trouble](bold).

你从不动脑子，这就是你的问题。

if someone or something is in trouble, they are in a situation with a lot of problems

He admitted that their marriage was in trouble.

他承认他们的婚姻遇到了麻烦。

The company ran into trouble when it tried to expand too quickly.

这家公司扩张太快，陷入了困境。

the dangers of trying to borrow your way out of trouble

试图通过举债摆脱困境的危险性

if someone is in trouble, they have done something which someone will punish them for or be angry about

We’ll be in big trouble if Mr Elliott finds out.

如果被埃利奥特先生发现，我们的麻烦就大了。

I didn’t say anything because I didn’t want to [get into trouble](bold).

我什么也没说，因为我不想惹麻烦。

I hope Tim stays out of trouble this year.

我希望蒂姆今年不会有麻烦。

fighting, violence, or violent behaviour

If the kids start to [cause trouble](bold), ask them to move on.

要是这些小孩子开始捣乱，叫他们走开。

A handful of people came [looking for trouble](bold).

If you [start ](bold)any [trouble](bold), you’ll regret it.

要是你先动手，你会后悔的。

There was [crowd trouble](bold) before the match.

problems in your life which you are worried about

He [poured out](bold) all his [troubles](bold) to me (=told me all about his problems).

他向我倾诉了所有的苦恼。

an amount of effort and time that is needed to do something

[take the trouble to do sth](bold)(=make a special effort to do something)

The teacher [took the trouble](bold) to learn all our names on the first day.

老师在第一天就努力记住了我们所有人的名字。

They’ve obviously [gone to](bold) a lot of [trouble](bold) to arrange everything.

他们显然是费了好大的劲安排了这一切。

[save sb the trouble (of doing sth)](bold)

If you’d asked me first, I could have saved you the trouble.

你要是先问问我，我就会让你省了这个麻烦。

I find that making my own clothes is [more trouble than it’s worth](bold)(=takes too much time and effort).

我觉得自己做衣服太费劲，不划算。

used to say politely that you are happy to do something for someone

‘Are you sure you don’t mind?’ ‘It’s no trouble.’

“你真的不介意吗？” “一点不介意。”

The kids were no trouble (=used to say you were happy to look after them because they were well-behaved).

孩子们很乖，一点都没添麻烦。

a problem that you have with your health

He [has trouble with](bold) his breathing.

when something is wrong with a machine, vehicle, or system

〔机器、车辆或系统的〕故障，毛病

He had to retire from the race because of trouble with the gearbox.

他因为变速箱故障不得不退出比赛。


trouble

if a problem troubles you, it makes you feel worried or upset

There is one thing that’s been troubling me.

They have been [deeply troubled](bold) by the allegations.

他们对这些指控深感忧虑。

to say something or ask someone to do something which may use or waste their time or upset them

I don’t want to trouble the doctor with it.

我就不麻烦你听那些细节了。

used when politely asking someone to do something for you or give you something

我可以麻烦您一下吗？/对不起，麻烦您一下

Sorry to trouble you, but could you tell me the way to the station, please?

对不起，麻烦您一下，请问到车站怎么走？

used to politely tell someone not to help you

Please don’t trouble yourself. I can manage.

不麻烦您了，我自己能行。

to not do something because it needs too much effort

They never troubled to ask me what I would like.

他们从不费心来问一下我喜欢什么。

Luke didn’t trouble to hide his disgust.

卢克懒得去掩饰自己的反感。

In everyday English, people usually say [not bother to do sth](bold)  rather than [not trouble to do sth](bold) :

They didn’t [bother to](bold) ask me what I thought.

if a medical problem troubles you, it causes you pain or problems

He is still being troubled by an ankle injury.

他依然受脚踝伤病的困扰。

to cause someone problems or difficulties

They look good enough to trouble most teams in the competition.

他们看起来状态很好，足以使大多数的参赛队头疼。


troubled

Benson [looked troubled](bold) when he heard the news.

本森听到这消息时面露忧虑。

These are [troubled times](bold) for the coal industry.

对于煤炭工业来说，这是个多事之秋。

a difficult situation, especially where there is a lot of disagreement and problems

We don’t want to enter the troubled waters of race and religion.

我们不想卷入种族和宗教的纷争。

[pour oil on troubled waters](bold)(=try to make an angry situation calmer)


troublesome

引起麻烦的；令人烦恼[讨厌]的


trouser

[v](bold) <[T](bold)> ([BrE](special)) [informal](special)

to get a large amount of money – used to show disapproval

获得〔一大笔钱；含贬义〕

Even though he has in effect been sacked, he will trouser a £150,000 bonus.

尽管实际上已经被解雇，他仍能捞到15万英镑的奖金。


trousers

[trouser](bold) adj. <only before noun> eg: The tickets are in my trouser pocket.

[wear the trousers](bold) at → [wear](->wear) 1 sense 7 [catch sb with their trousers down](bold) at → [catch](->catch) 1 sense 6

[n](bold) <[plural](bold)> ([especially BrE](special))

a piece of clothing that covers the lower half of your body, with a separate part fitting over each leg

I need a new [pair of trousers](bold) for work.

我需要一条上班穿的新裤子。


trout

a common river-fish, often used for food, or the flesh of this fish

鳟鱼〔一种常见河鱼〕；鳟鱼肉

an unpleasant or annoying old person, especially a woman

老家伙，老东西；〔尤指〕老太婆


truce

an agreement between enemies to stop fighting or arguing for a short time, or the period for which this is arranged

休战协议，停战协定；停战期

There was an [uneasy truce](bold) between Alex and Dave over dinner.

晚饭时，亚历克斯和戴夫暂时休战。


truck

a large road vehicle used to carry goods

[pick-up/fork-lift/delivery etc truck](bold)(=large vehicles used for particular purposes)

His car was taken away on the back of a breakdown truck.

他的车被装在牵引车后面运走了。

a railway vehicle that is part of a train and carries goods

〔铁路的〕货车，运货车皮

a simple piece of equipment on wheels used to move heavy objects

to refuse to be involved with someone or to accept an idea

拒不与某人打交道/拒不接受某个观点


truck

They ordered sand to be trucked in from the desert.

他们命人从沙漠运来沙子。

〔快速地〕去，移动，行进

We were trucking on down to Jack’s place.

used to encourage someone to continue what they are doing, especially in the 1970s

继续干，加油〔鼓励某人继续做某事，尤用于20世纪70年代〕


true

based on real facts, and not imagined or invented

based on facts and not containing any mistakes – used about descriptions, information, and numbers

His assessment of the current economic situation is accurate.

definitely true, so that no one can argue or disagree about it

It is indisputable that the situation has got worse.

The decline in inflation was undeniable, even if the reasons for the decline were unclear.

The court makes its decision based on factual evidence.

There is very little factual information about the incident.

The questions ask for a purely factual answer, not for opinion.

used when saying that something is definitely true

It is a fact that women live longer than men.

to be true – used when saying that someone is not lying

if a situation is the case, that is the way the situation truly is

It is certainly the case that crime rates are lower in Europe than in the US.

The prisoners are encouraged to confront the true nature of their crimes.

At the time, I did not recognise the true value of my discovery.

The fixed prescription charge conceals from the general public the true cost of medicines.

Our main difficulty is finding out the true extent of the problem.

The story teaches a lesson about the true meaning of friendship.

He knew someone would soon discover his true identity.

Stephen’s controlled voice disguised his true feelings.

based on facts and not imagined or invented

符合事实的，真的，真实的

It’s not true that I’m going to marry him.

说我要嫁给他，这不是真的。

No, honestly, it’s a [true story](bold).

不，真的，这是一个真实的故事。

Students decide if statements are [true or false](bold).

由学生来判断说法正确与否。

The same is true of all political parties.

[It’s](bold) generally [true to say that](bold) fewer people are needed nowadays.

总的来说现在需要的人员少了。

The results appear to [hold true](bold)(=still be correct) for other countries.

这些结果似乎也适用于其他国家。

[too good to be true](bold) at → [good](->good) 1 sense 24 [not ring true](bold) at → [ring](->ring) 2 sense 5

the true nature of something is its real nature, which may be hidden or not known

The house was sold for only a fraction of its true value.

这房子的售出价格只是实际价值的一小部分。

We need to understand the [true extent](bold) of the problem.

我们需要了解这个问题究竟有多严重。

[true nature/meaning/identity etc (of sth)](bold)

She wasn’t aware of the true nature of their relationship.

她还没意识到他们之间关系的真正性质。

She managed to conceal her [true feelings](bold).

她设法掩饰了自己的真实感情。

After a couple of days she showed her [true self](bold)(=real character).

过了几天她就表现出了真性情。

used when you are admitting that something is correct, but saying that something else, often opposite, is also correct

确实，的确〔用于承认某事的真实性，但同时指出另一个往往是反面的事实〕

‘He’s very hard-working.’ ‘True, but I still don’t think he’s the right man for the job.’

“他工作非常勤奋。” “的确如此，不过我还是认为他不适合做这个工作。”

It is true that there have been improvements in some areas.

having all the qualities which a type of thing or person should have

The heroine finally finds [true love](bold).

女主人公最终找到了真爱。

It’s an amateur sport [in the true sense of the word](bold)(=with the exact meaning of this word).

这是真正含义上的业余运动。

if wishes, dreams etc come true, they happen in the way that someone has said or hoped that they would

〔愿望、梦想等〕实现，成真

[be a dream come true](bold) at → [dream](->dream) 1 sense 5

faithful and loyal to someone, whatever happens

Throughout the whole ordeal, she remained true to her husband.

在整场苦难中，她一直对丈夫忠贞不渝。

used to say that someone is behaving in the bad way that you expect them to

behaving in the way you said you would or according to principles which you believe in

He was true to his word and said nothing about it to Lisa.

他说话算话，对莉萨只字未提此事。

a book, play, description etc that is true to life seems very real and natural

〔书本、戏剧、描述等〕逼真的，活灵活现的

The film is frighteningly true-to-life and very funny.

这部电影拍得非常真实，而且十分有趣。

used to say that you know something is true, when you do not like it

千真万确的〔用来表示知道某事是真的，但并不喜欢〕

‘It’s not as easy as it looks.’ ‘Too true!’

“这不像看起来那么简单。” “千真万确！”

It is only too true that people are judged by their accents.

人们以口音来判断人，这绝对是事实。

fitted, placed, or formed in a way that is perfectly flat, straight, correct etc

〔安装、放置等〕端正的；正确的

If the door’s not true, it won’t close properly.

门如果装得不正，就关不严。

if your aim is true, you hit the thing that you were throwing or shooting at

if you show your true colours, you do something which shows what your real attitudes and qualities are, especially when they are bad

He was forced to reveal his true colours when asked how he would vote.

当被问到他会如何投票时，他就被迫现出了本来面目。

(there’s) many a true word spoken in jest

used to say that when people are joking they sometimes say things that are true and important


true

The arrow flew straight and true to its target.

那支箭不偏不倚地朝着目标飞去。

if a type of animal breeds true, the young animals are exactly like their parents


true

not completely straight, level, or balanced


truly

used to emphasize that the way you are describing something is really true

Fawcett was a [truly remarkable](bold) man.

福西特是一位真正不同凡响的人。

a [truly great](bold) work of medieval literature

一部真正伟大的中世纪文学作品

[I can truly say](bold) I’ve never enjoyed myself so much.

我可以真心地说我从未这样尽兴过。

这个样本真的具有代表性吗？

used to emphasize that something is definitely or completely true

的的确确地，千真万确地〔用于强调〕

I couldn’t believe we were really and truly going at last.

我无法相信我们终于真的要走了。

used at the end of a letter, before the signature

您忠实的〔用于书信结尾、签名之前〕

于是，鄙人留下来收拾残局。


trumpet

a musical instrument that you blow into, which consists of a curved metal tube that is wide at the end, and three buttons you press to change the notes

[blow your own trumpet](bold) at → [blow](->blow) 1 sense 19


trumpet

to tell everyone about something that you are proud of, especially in an annoying way

They are proudly trumpeting the fact that they are creating more jobs.

他们得意地宣扬他们是在创造更多的工作岗位。

if an elephant trumpets, it makes a loud noise


trunk

He left his bicycle leaning against a [tree trunk](bold).

他把他的自行车斜靠在树干上。

the part at the back of a car where you can put bags, tools etc

〔汽车的〕行李舱，后备箱

把你的手提箱放在后备箱里。

([swim trunks](bold) ([AmE](bold)) [swimming trunks](bold) ([BrE](bold)) )

a piece of clothing like very short trousers, worn by men for swimming

a very large box made of wood or metal, in which clothes, books etc are stored or packed for travel

the main part of your body, not including your head, arms, or legs


trust

a strong belief in the honesty, goodness etc of someone or something

At first there was a [lack of trust](bold) between them.

起初，他们之间缺乏信任。

an agreement made on the basis of [mutual trust](bold)(=when people trust each other)

在相互信任的基础上达成的一项协议

You shouldn’t put your trust in a man like that.

你不应该相信那样的男人。

You [betrayed](bold) your father’s [trust](bold)(=did something bad even though he trusted you).

你辜负了你父亲对你的信任。

[breach of trust](bold) at → [breach](->breach) 1 sense 3

an organization or group that has control over money that will be used to help someone else

an arrangement by which someone has legal control of your money or property, either until you are old enough to use it or to invest  it for you

〔为未成年者代管金钱或财产的〕信托，托管

The money your father left you will be [held in trust](bold) until you are 21.

你父亲留给你的钱将被托管到你满21岁。

→ [trust fund](->trust fund) → [unit trust](->unit trust)

to believe that something is true without having any proof

I just had to take it on trust that he would deliver the money.

我只能相信他会把钱送来。

a job or position in which you have been given the responsibility of making important decisions

a group of companies that illegally work together to reduce competition and control prices

托拉斯〔企业为减少竞争、操纵价格而非法形成的组织〕


trust

→ [trusting](->trusting) [tried and trusted](bold) at → [tried](->tried) 2

to believe that someone is honest or will not do anything bad or wrong

Can they be trusted to look after the house?

能信任他们把房子托给他们照看吗？

I didn’t trust myself not to say something rude, so I just kept quiet.

我不能保证自己不说无礼的话，于是就保持沉默。

He was a good driver and I trusted him implicitly.

他是个很好的驾驶员，我完全信任他。

[not trust sb an inch/not trust sb as far as you can throw them](bold)(=not trust someone at all)

to be sure that something is correct or right

我们可以相信这些数据吗？

I [trust](bold) his [judgement](bold) completely.

[Trust](bold) your [instincts](bold)(=do what you feel is the right thing)!

to be sure that something will work properly

Not trusting her voice, she shook her head.

她对自己的嗓子没有信心，于是摇了摇头。

You can’t trust the trains to run on time.

你不能指望火车会准时运行。

He sat down suddenly, as if he didn’t trust his legs to support him.

他突然坐下来，好像信不过他的腿能支撑住自己似的。

used to say that someone has behaved in a bad or stupid way that is typical of them

就知道你/他/他们等肯定会做某事！〔指不好的事〕

Trust you to write down the wrong number!

used to say politely that you hope something is true

I trust that from now on you will take greater precautions.

我希望从现在开始你会采取更好的预防措施。


trustee

someone who has control of money or property that is in a trust for someone else

a member of a group that controls the money of a company, college, or other organization

〔公司、学院或其他机构的〕理事，董事


trustworthy

ˈtrʌstˌwɜːði

if someone is trustworthy, you can trust them because they are honest

Many people do not see politicians as trustworthy.

someone who is reliable  can be trusted to do what they say they will do and not make any mistakes

someone who is responsible can be trusted to behave in a sensible way

Sam’s a good babysitter – he’s responsible and the kids like him.

someone who is dependable can be trusted to do what you need or expect

someone who is steady is sensible and you can depend on them

He’s only sixteen, but he’s steady and reliable.

someone who is loyal  can be trusted to always give help or support to their friends, their country, their political party etc

He is one of the party’s most loyal supporters.

someone who is faithful stays loyal to a person, belief, political party etc, and continues to support them, even in difficult situations

a faithful member of the Communist Party

if you can rely or depend on someone, you can be sure that they will do what you want or need them to do

Don’t worry about a thing – you can depend on me.

Patients rely on doctors to help them make the right decisions about their health care.

able to be trusted to do what you want, or to be accurate

How can we be sure that his evidence is reliable?

if something is trustworthy, you know that it is true or accurate

if you can rely or depend on something, you can be sure that they will do what you want or need them to do

I need a car that I can rely on in all weathers.


truth

→ [half-truth](->half-truth) → [home truth](->home truth) [the moment of truth](bold) at → [moment](->moment) sense 16

He always spoke the truth, whether it was popular or not.

At last I knew the truth about my father’s death.

She was determined to find out the truth.

When she learns the truth, she may decide to help us.

The police will eventually get to the truth of the matter.

She’d promised never to reveal the truth.

Our pride kept us from admitting the truth.

The book comes a little too close to the truth for their liking.

I’ll get the truth out of her, whatever it takes!

Investors should have been told the whole truth.

(=the truth, with nothing added, left out, or hidden)

The simple truth is that there isn’t enough money to pay for it.

(=something that is true but that you regret)

She still misses him, and that’s the sad truth.

She could not bring herself to tell them the awful truth.

(=used to emphasize that you are telling the truth)

We never came here to steal anything, and that’s the honest truth.

Don’t take everything she says as the gospel truth.

The truth of the matter is that we don’t know what really happened.

the true facts about something, rather than what is untrue, imagined, or guessed

How do we know you’re telling us the truth?

我们怎么知道你告诉我们的是真话？

She hoped to find out the truth about her family.

We’ll never know the truth behind what happened.

我们永远不会知道所发生之事背后的真相。

There was some truth in the accusations.

那些指控也有一些真实性。

[grain/element of truth](bold)(=small amount of truth)

There wasn’t a grain of truth in what he said.

There was an element of truth (=a small amount of truth) in what he said.

他的话中有些许真实的成分。

an important fact or idea that is accepted as being true

The experience has taught us some [basic truths](bold).

这次经历教会我们一些基本的道理。

[an unhappy/unpleasant/unwelcome truth](bold)(=an unpleasant or disappointing fact)

It is in his interest to hide unhappy truths about his agency’s performance.

隐瞒自己的代理机构业绩不佳这一真相对他有利。

Early independence leaders were in truth little better than rebels.

used when telling someone the real facts about a situation, or your real opinion

If the truth be known, I felt a little left out at school.

说实话，我感到在学校里有点受冷落。

used when giving your personal opinion or admitting something

To tell the truth, I was frightened to death.

used to say that something is definitely not true

used to say that even if you try to stop people from knowing something, they will find out in the end


try

If you [try to do something](bold) , you attempt to do it: We must try to prevent this from happening again.

If you [try doing something](bold) , you do it in order to find out if it is enjoyable or produces the result you want: I’ve never tried bungee jumping. Try using margarine instead of butter.

to take action in order to do something that you may not be able to do

He tries hard in class, but he’s finding the work difficult.

to try to do something, especially something difficult. [Attempt](bold) is more formal than [try ](bold) and is used especially in written English

Any prisoner who attempts to escape will be shot.

He was attempting to climb one of the world’s highest mountains.

to try as hard as you can to do something

to try to do something, when you find this difficult

It is worth making an effort to master these skills.

She made a big effort to be nice to him.

to try very hard to do something that is very difficult, especially for a long time

She’s still struggling to give up smoking.

Many of these families are struggling to survive.

The company must constantly strive for greater efficiency.

Each employee shall endeavour to provide customers with the best service possible.

to try to do something, especially when you are not sure that you will succeed

I’m not very good at fixing taps, but I’ll have a go.

to try to do something – used when offering to do something, or suggesting that someone should do something

She was trying hard not to show her impatience.

They try desperately to please other people.

He has tried unsuccessfully to quit smoking.

Try your best to block out other distractions.

[past tense and past participle](italic) [tried](bold) [present participle](italic) [trying](bold) [third person singular](italic) [tries](bold)

Let’s have a rest and then we’ll try again.

我们休息一下，然后再试。

Try and take some form of daily exercise.

[try hard/desperately (to do sth)](bold)(=make a lot of effort to do something)

She dabbed at her face and tried hard not to sniff.

她轻轻拍了拍自己的脸，极力忍住不抽鼻子。

I [tried everything](bold) to lose weight with no success.

我试了各种方法减肥，但都没有成功。

[try your best/hardest (to do sth)](bold)(=make as much effort as possible to do something)

我尽了最大努力去安慰她。

I [tried and tried](bold)(=kept making an effort) and eventually I was offered a job.

我一次次地尝试，终于得到了一份工作。

[Try as](bold) he [might](bold)(=as hard as he could), he could not get the incident out of his mind.

他想尽办法，但脑子里仍摆脱不掉那件事。

[it wasn’t for lack/want of trying](bold)(=used to say that if someone does not achieve something it is not because they have not tried)

They didn’t get any goals, but it wasn’t for lack of trying.

他们没有进球，但并不是没有努力。

[you couldn’t do sth if you tried](bold)(=used to say that someone does not have the skill or ability to do something)

to do or use something for a short while to discover if it is suitable, successful, enjoyable etc

It works really well – you should try it.

真的很管用——你应该试试。

They decided they would try living in America for a while.

他们决定在美国住一段时间试试。

[try sth new/different](bold)(=do or use something that is different from what you usually do or use)

If I’m going out for a meal, I prefer to try something different.

如果我到外面吃饭，我喜欢尝试不一样的东西。

We tried the machine on hardwood and soft wood.

我们在硬木和软木上都试过这台机器。

彼得拉试着让小宝宝吃些固体食品。

[try sth for size](bold)(=put on a piece of clothing or test something to find out if it is the correct size or suitable)

Always try a sleeping bag for size before you buy it.

买睡袋之前一定要试试大小是否合适。

to taste food or drink to find out if you like it

to go to a place or person, or call them, in order to find something or someone

去〔某地〕找；问〔某人〕；试一试；找一找

Sorry, he’s not in. Would you like to try again later?

对不起，他不在。您稍后再打来好吗？

Let’s try Mouncy Street. He could be there.

我们到芒西大街去找找看吧，他可能会在那儿。

to attempt to open a door, window etc in order to see if it is locked

He [tried](bold) the [handle](bold) but the door was locked.

他试着转动把手，但门锁住了。

to examine and judge a legal case, or someone who is thought to be guilty of a crime in a court

He was tried for attempting to murder his wife.

他因企图谋杀妻子而受到审判。

The defence argued that a regional court was not competent to try their case.

被告辩称地方法院无权审理他们的案子。

[Try](bold)  is often passive in this meaning.

The programs take too long to load and try the patience of young pupils.

这些程序载入时间太长，会让小学生等得不耐烦。

to try a new activity in order to see whether it interests you or whether you are good at it

I tried my hand at water-skiing for the first time.

我第一次尝试了滑水运动。

to try to achieve something or get something you want, usually by taking a risk

After the war my father went to Canada to try his luck at farming.

战争结束后，我父亲去了加拿大经营农场碰运气。

to behave badly in order to find out how bad you can be before people become angry

〔故意表现恶劣以〕试探（某人）

She is naughty, that one. She tries it on with me sometimes!

她很调皮，就是那个。她有时会故意跟我捣蛋试探我的耐性！

to attempt to start a sexual relationship with someone

When I came back in, one of the men was trying it on with my wife!


try

If your instinct is telling you to give it a try, then go ahead.

(=be worth trying to do because you may succeed)

It’s worth a try – we’ve nothing to lose.

‘Do you really think you can win?’ ‘I’m going to have a darn good try.’

Nice try, Claudia, but not good enough, I’m afraid.

She didn’t manage to break the record, but it was a good try.

她没能打破纪录，但这是一次很好的尝试。

‘You really think you can do that?’ ‘I’m going to [have a try](bold).’

“你真的认为你行吗？” “我想试试。”

‘What are the chances for getting tickets now?’ ‘I guess I could [give it a try](bold).’

“现在弄到票的希望有多大？” “我想我可以试一试。”

It might sound a ludicrous excuse but he thought it was [worth a try](bold).

这个借口也许听起来很荒唐，但他觉得可以试试看。

Only half the students passed the test on their first try.

只有一半的学生是第一次就通过测验的。

a test of something to see if it is suitable or successful or to find out if you like it

尝试〔以此决定是否合适、喜欢等〕

I decided to [give](bold) modelling [a try](bold).

Wines from Apulia’s ancient vineyards are well [worth a try](bold).

产自阿普利亚古老葡萄园的葡萄酒很值得一尝。

four points won by putting the ball on the ground behind the opponents’goal line in rugby

〔英式橄榄球赛中的〕达阵〔在对方球门线后持球触地得四分〕


trying

annoying or difficult in a way that makes you feel worried, tired etc

令人难受的；恼人的；困难的

The beginning of the show is often a [trying time](bold) because of latecomers.

演出刚开始常常是最难熬的时期，因为总会有人迟到。

They do the best they can in [trying circumstances](bold).

他们在艰难的环境下尽自己最大的努力。


T-shirt

a soft shirt with short sleeves and no collar


tub

a small container made of paper or plastic with a lid, in which food is bought or stored

an open container that is usually round, used for washing, storing things in etc

the amount of liquid, food etc that a tub can contain

a large container in which you sit to wash yourself


tube

a round pipe made of metal, glass, rubber etc, especially for liquids or gases to go through

〔输送液体或气体的〕圆管，管子

→ [inner tube](->inner tube) → [test tube](->test tube)

a long hollow object that is usually round

a narrow container made of plastic or soft metal and closed at one end, that you press between your fingers in order to push out the soft substance that is inside

the system of trains that run under the ground in London

〔伦敦的〕地下铁道，地铁

if a situation goes down the tubes, it quickly becomes ruined or spoiled

When Moira turned up, Tess could see all her good work going down the tubes.

莫伊拉一出现，特丝就觉得她所有的心血都白费了。

the part of a television that produces the picture on the screen


tube

to float on a river on a large inner tube for fun


tuck

to push something, especially the edge of a piece of cloth or paper, into or behind something so that it looks tidier or stays in place

把 …塞好〔以便看起来整洁或保持不动〕

She tucked an unruly lock of hair behind her ear.

她把一缕不听话的头发撩到耳后。

to put something into a small space, especially in order to protect, hide, carry, or hold it

Giles was tucking his pile of books under his arm.

贾尔斯腋下夹着他的那摞书。

He took the glasses off and tucked them in his pocket.

他摘下眼镜，塞到口袋里。

to put a tuckspecial fold in a piece of clothing

在〔衣服上〕缝褶子，给 …打褶


tuck

a narrow flat fold of cloth sewn into a piece of clothing for decoration or to give it a special shape

a small medical operation done to make your face or stomach look flatter and younger

cakes, sweets etc – used especially by schoolchildren

甜食，甜品〔指蛋糕、糖果等，尤为学童食用〕


Tuesday

[n](bold) <[C,U](bold)> written abbreviation: Tues. or: Tue.

He first heard the news on Tuesday evening.

他是周二晚上第一次听到这个消息的。

[next Tuesday](bold)(=Tuesday of next week)

a Tuesday (=one of the Tuesdays in the year)

我们是在一个星期二离开迈阿密的。


tug

[past tense and past participle](italic) [tugged](bold) [present participle](italic) [tugging](bold)

to pull with one or more short, quick pulls

那女人轻轻拽了拽他的胳膊。

to pull a piece of clothing quickly onto your body

to make someone feel sympathy for someone or something


tug

a small strong boat used for pulling or guiding ships into a port, up a river etc

She removed the bandage with a sharp tug.


tuition

〔尤指对小组的〕教学，讲课

When I started college, tuition was $350 a quarter.

我开始念大学的时候，学费是每学季350美元。


tumble

to fall down quickly and suddenly, especially with a rolling movement

She lost her balance and tumbled backwards.

她失去了平衡，身体朝后倒去。

A few stones came tumbling down the cliff.

几块石头从悬崖上滚落下来。

莽莽撞撞地行动；胡乱地走

我们跌跌撞撞地出来，到了大街上。

if prices or figures tumble, they go down suddenly and by a large amount

〔价格或数字〕猛跌，暴跌

Mortgage rates tumbled to their lowest level for 25 years.

按揭贷款利率一下子跌到了25年来的最低水平。

if someone’s hair tumbles down, it is long, thick, and curly

〔长而卷曲的浓密头发〕垂下，垂落

Her long dark hair tumbled over her shoulders.

她那深色的长发垂落在肩头。

if words tumble out of someone’s mouth, they speak very quickly because they are excited or upset

The words tumbled out as if he hardly knew what to say first.

他语无伦次，好像不知道先说什么才好。

if water tumbles somewhere, it flows there quickly

一条狭窄的小溪在岩石间奔流。

if something comes tumbling down, it falls suddenly to the ground

Removing the debris could cause the rest of the building to come tumbling down.

清除瓦砾可能会导致建筑物其他部分出现坍塌。

if a system, problem etc comes tumbling down, it suddenly stops working or existing

〔制度〕不起作用；〔问题〕不复存在

In the last year, barriers have come tumbling down.

壁垒已在过去一年里土崩瓦解。


tumble

→ [rough and tumble](->rough and tumble)

a fall, especially from a high place or level

〔尤指从高处的〕倒下，跌倒，摔倒；〔水平的〕下降

It’s possible that stocks could [take a tumble](bold) next year.


tummy

stomach
       – used especially by or to children

He was up all night with [tummy ache](bold).

他肚子疼，整晚都睡不着觉。

[tummy bug/upset](bold) BrE(=an illness of the stomach that makes you vomit)


tumour

([BrE](special)) AmE tumor  [n](bold) <[C](bold)>

a mass of diseased cells in your body that have divided and increased too quickly

[malignant/benign tumour](bold)(=caused by or not caused by )


tuna

金枪鱼〔一种大型食用海鱼〕

the flesh of this fish, usually sold cooked in tins

金枪鱼肉〔通常以罐装熟食出售〕


tune

[call the tune](bold) at → [call](->call) 1 sense 9 [change your tune](bold) at → [change](->change) 1 sense 14 [dance to sb’s tune](bold) at → [dance](->dance) 2 sense 4 → [fine-tune](->fine-tune) → [signature tune](->signature tune)

She was humming a little tune to herself.

They wrote many great tunes together in the 80s.

His songs have simple words and catchy tunes.

(=the tune at the beginning or end of a television programme etc)

a series of musical notes that are played or sung and are nice to listen to

She sang some old classics and a few new tunes.

她唱了几首经典老歌和一些新曲。

to the tune of sth (=using the same tune as another song)

The song was sung to the tune of ‘Amazing Grace’.

这首歌是用《奇异恩典》的曲调唱的。

playing or singing the correct musical note

playing or singing higher or lower than the correct musical note

in tune with sb/sth, out of tune with sb/sth

able or unable to realize, understand, or agree with what someone else thinks or wants

与某人/某事物协调[一致]/不协调[不一致]

The industry is changing in tune with changing demand.

这个行业正随着需求的不断变化作出相应的调整。

used to emphasize how large an amount or number is

高达1,000美元/200万英镑等〔强调数量或数目大〕

Canada is funding the programme to the tune of $30 million.

加拿大给该计划拨款高达3,000万美元。


tune

to make a musical instrument play at the right pitch

Someone’s coming tomorrow to tune the piano.

to make small changes to an engine so that it works as well as possible

调整，调节〔发动机，使达到最佳状态〕

to make a radio or television receive broadcasts from a particular place

调节，调〔收音机或电视频道〕

The radio was tuned to a classical station.

收音机调到了一个古典音乐台。

[stay tuned](bold) at → [stay](->stay) 1 sense 8

finely tuned feelings, senses, or systems are extremely sensitive and able to react quickly

〔感情、感觉或系统〕非常灵敏的

a species finely tuned to life in the desert

十分适应沙漠生活的一个物种


tunnel

A 250-metre-long tunnel provides access to all parts of the development.

He peered uneasily down the dark tunnel at the end of the platform.

She ran down the narrow tunnel leading to the exit.

The prisoners escaped through an underground tunnel.

(=the tunnel under the sea between England and France)

They went by train via the Channel Tunnel.

The roof of the tunnel was a foot above his head.

the entrance to a tunnel/tunnel entrance

To the right was the entrance to a second tunnel.

Burglars had dug a tunnel under the building in an attempted raid.

The contractors will start building the tunnel next month.

The Greenwich Foot Tunnel leads under the River Thames.

a passage that has been dug under the ground for cars, trains etc to go through

〔汽车、火车等通行的〕隧道

the Channel Tunnel (=between England and France)

a passage under the ground that animals have dug to live in


tunnel

[v](bold) <[I always + adv/prep, T](bold)>

[past tense and past participle](italic) [tunnelled](bold) [present participle](italic) [tunnelling](bold) ([BrE](bold)) [past tense and past participle](italic) [tunneled](bold) [present participle](italic) [tunneling](bold) ([AmE](bold))

They were tunnelling into the mountainside.

The prisoners tunneled their way under the fence.

犯人们在围栏下面挖地道通向外面。

if insects tunnel into something, they make holes in it


turbulence

irregular and violent movements of air or water that are caused by the wind

〔空气或水的〕湍流，紊流

a political or emotional situation that is very confused

〔政治上的〕骚乱，骚动；〔情感上的〕波动

A period of political turbulence followed the civil war.

内战结束之后紧接着的是一段政治动荡时期。


turbulent

a turbulent situation or period of time is one in which there are a lot of sudden changes

the turbulent times of the French Revolution

He has had a turbulent political career.

turbulent air or water moves around a lot


turf

[plural](italic) turfs or [plural](italic) turves

a surface that consists of soil with grass on top, or an artificial surface that looks like this

a square piece of turf cut out of the ground

the sport of horse racing, or the track on which horses race

an area that you think of as being your own

How vigorously will the local companies defend their turf?

当地公司会以怎样的力度保卫他们的地盘？

[sb’s own/home turf](bold)(=the place that someone comes from or lives in)

我们在加拿大队的主场将其打败。

[turf war/battle](bold)(=a fight or argument over the areas or things you think belong to you)

turf wars among government bureaucracies


turkey

a bird that looks like a large chicken and is often eaten at Christmas and at Thanksgiving

〔电影或戏剧的〕失败之作

to talk seriously about details, especially in business

〔尤指在商务谈判中〕认真地谈论


turmoil

a state of confusion, excitement, or anxiety

the prospect of another week of political turmoil

政治动乱还要持续一周的可能

Ashley gazed at him, her thoughts in turmoil.

阿什利注视着他，思绪起伏。


turn

turn against
turn around
turn away
turn back
turn down
turn in
turn into
turn off
turn on
turn out
turn over
turn round
turn to
turn up
turn upon

[turn a blind eye (to sth)](bold) at → [blind](->blind) 1 sense 3 [turn the other cheek](bold) at → [cheek](->cheek) 1 sense 4 [turn full circle](bold) at → [circle](->circle) 1 sense 6 [sb would turn in their grave](bold) at → [grave](->grave) 1 sense 3 [not turn a hair](bold) at → [hair](->hair) sense 11 [turn your hand to (doing) sth](bold) at → [hand](->hand) 1 sense 26 [turn over a new leaf](bold) at → [leaf](->leaf) 1 sense 3 [turn your nose up (at sth)](bold) at → [nose](->nose) 1 sense 5 [turn your stomach](bold) at → [stomach](->stomach) 1 sense 4 [turn the tables (on sb)](bold) at → [table](->table) 1 sense 6 [turn tail](bold) at → [tail](->tail) 1 sense 9

to turn around a central point. [Go around](bold) is a little more informal than [turn](bold) and is very common in everyday English

When the fan goes around, the warm air is pushed back downwards.

to turn around and around a central point. [Rotate](bold) and [revolve](bold) are more formal than [turn](bold) and sound more technical

The Earth rotates on its axis once every twenty-four hours.

The stage revolves at various points during the performance.

The ice skater began to spin faster and faster.

to spin around extremely quickly, often in a powerful or uncontrolled way

The blades of the helicopter whirled overhead.

to spin around quickly, especially as part of a dance or performance

The couples were twirling around on the dance floor.

to move around quickly in a circular movement, especially when the movement goes outwards or upwards from the center

Her white skirt swirled around her legs as she danced.

to move in a continuous curve that gets nearer to or further from its central point as it goes around

to move your body so that you are looking in a different direction

Dan turned away, hiding the fear in his eyes.

丹扭过头去，掩饰着眼中的恐惧。

‘No,’ she said, turning her head to see David’s reaction.

“不。”她说着，转过头来看看戴维的反应。

Brigitte glared at him, [turned on her heel](bold)(=turned away suddenly because of anger), and stomped out of the room.

布丽吉特瞪了他一眼，猛地一转身，噔噔噔地走出了房间。

to move something so that it is pointing or aiming in a different direction

现在你们可以把考卷翻过来。

The firemen turned their hoses on the blaze.

消防队员把水龙带对准熊熊烈火。

Could you [turn](bold) your chairs [to face this way](bold)?

你们把椅子转过来朝着这边好吗？

[turn a/the page](bold)(=move a page in a book over so that you can read the next page)

He turned down the corner of the sheet to peep at the baby.

他折起被角以便看一眼婴儿。

to go in a new direction when you are walking, driving etc, or to make the vehicle you are using do this

I watched until he [turned the corner](bold).

我看着他，直到他转过街角。

She cycled up the street and turned into Long Road.

她沿街向前骑去，拐进了朗路。

[Turning the car around](bold), we headed home.

我们把车掉了个头，朝家的方向开去。

if a road, river etc turns, it curves and starts to go in a new direction

〔道路、河流等〕转向，转弯

再往前，这条河就折向东流。

The road [turns sharply](bold) at the top of the hill.

to move around a central or fixed point, or to make something move in this way

The wheels turned slowly, then picked up speed.

轮子慢慢转动，然后开始加速。

不知为什么，钥匙转不动。

[turn the handle/knob/key/tap etc](bold)

She gently turned the handle of the bedroom door.

她轻轻转动卧室门上的把手。

to start to have a different quality, or to make something do this

罗丝的头发已经开始花白了。

In October the leaves turn orange and yellow.

到了10月份，树叶有的变成了橘红色，有的变成了黄色。

The sun had turned the sky a glowing pink.

太阳把天空染得一片绯红。

[the weather turns cold/nasty etc](bold) [also](special) [it turns cold/nasty etc](bold)

Then it turned cold and started to rain.

然后天气变冷，开始下雨。

[turn nasty/mean/violent etc](bold)(=suddenly become angry, violent etc)

The police are worried that the situation could turn violent.

警方担心局势可能演变为暴力冲突。

[Turn](bold)  is a linking verb in this meaning. It links the subject of the sentence with an adjective: His face turned pale. Their relationship turned sour.

to start to think about, deal with, look at etc a particular person, thing, or subject, instead of what you were thinking about etc before

[turn your attention/thoughts/efforts etc to sth/sb](bold)

Many investors have turned their attention to opportunities abroad.

很多投资者把注意力转向了国外的机会。

Phil turned his gaze towards the older man.

菲尔把目光转向那个较年长的男子。

As usual, the conversation turned back to her children.

同往常一样，谈话的内容又回到她的孩子身上了。

Now is the time of year when thoughts turn in the direction of summer holidays.

现在又到大家考虑夏季度假的时候了。

to refuse to help, support, or be involved with someone or something

（对某人/某事）置之不理，（对某人/某事）撒手不管

How can you turn your back on your own mother?

你怎么可以对自己的母亲不闻不问呢？

In his twenties he turned his back on his Catholic faith.

他二十几岁时背弃了天主教的信仰。

to turn so that your back is pointing towards someone or something, and you are not looking at them

她生气地转过身背对着他。

to become a particular age, or to reach a particular time

[it’s turned 2 o'clock/5/midday etc](bold)

to pull a piece of clothing, bag etc so that the inside is facing out

把〔衣服、包等〕里朝外翻

Turn the sweater inside out before you wash it.

to search everywhere for something, in a way that makes a place very untidy

到处寻找某物，把某物翻个底朝天

Thieves had turned the house upside down.

小偷把房子翻了个底朝天。

(also: [turn sth upside down/turn sth on its head](bold) )

to completely change the way that something is done, organized, thought about etc

New approaches to marketing turn old practices upside down.

新的营销方式彻底改变了以前的做法。

Her opinion of him had been turned on its head.

她对他的看法彻底改变了。

to start to improve after going through a difficult period or experience

The manager of the hotel chain claims that they have turned the corner.

那家连锁酒店的经理声称他们已渡过难关。

to make or let someone or something go out from where they are

Turn the dough out onto a lightly floured board.

把面团拿出来，放在撒过一层薄面粉的板上。

There are some criminals who cannot be [turned loose](bold) onto the streets.

有些罪犯是不能任其流窜街头的。

if the tide turns, the sea starts to come in or go out again

if something such as a war, situation, game of sport etc turns, or someone turns it, something happens to change the way it is developing

米尔斯两度进球，扭转了比赛走势。

The victory [turned the tide](bold) of the war in North Africa.

这场胜利扭转了北非战局。

to be disloyal to a person, group, or idea that you have strongly supported before

to twist your ankle in a way that injures it

Wright turned his ankle in the first minutes of the game.

赖特在比赛开始几分钟里就扭伤了脚踝。

an actor turned politician/a housewife turned author etc

someone who has done one job and then does something completely different

演员出身的政治家/家庭主妇变身的作家等

[poacher turned gamekeeper](bold) at → [poacher](->poacher)

to be attractive in a romantic or sexual way

She turned heads whenever she walked into a room.

只要她走进一个房间，就能吸引很多目光。

if something turns people’s heads, they are surprised by it

It did turn some heads when he moved back to the village.

他搬回到村里居住，确实让有些人很吃惊。

Cohen knows how to turn a phrase in his lyrics.

科恩作词时知道如何措辞。

to break up soil so that it is ready for growing crops

to shape a wooden or metal object using a special tool


turn

the time when it is your chance, duty, or right to do something that each person in a group is doing one after the other

[It’s](bold) your [turn](bold). Roll the dice.

I think [it’s](bold) our [turn to](bold) drive the kids to school this week.

我想这周该轮到我们开车送孩子们上学了。

In everyday English, people often say that it is someone’s [go](bold)  in a game rather than [turn](bold) :

if two or more people take turns doing work, using something etc, they do it one after the other, for example in order to share the work or play fairly

The students were taking turns reading aloud.

We took turns in pushing the bike along.

Interest rates were cut and, in turn, share prices rose.

利率下调，股价就相应地上涨了。

one after the other, especially in a particular order

Each of us in turn had to describe how alcohol had affected our lives.

我们每个人都得挨个说一说喝酒如何影响了我们的生活。

a place where one road goes in a different direction from the one you are on

〔道路的〕转弯处，岔路口

According to the map we missed our turn back there.

从地图上来看，我们应该在之前那个路口转弯。

[take the first/a wrong etc turn](bold)(=go along the first etc road)

I think we took a wrong turn coming out of town.

我觉得我们出城时拐错弯了。

There’s a [sharp turn](bold) coming up ahead.

a change in the direction you are moving

a sudden or unexpected change that makes a situation develop in a different way

〔突如其来或意外的〕变化，转变

[take a dramatic/fresh/different etc turn](bold)

From then on, our fortunes took a downward turn.

从那以后，我们的际遇每况愈下。

我的事业已经有了新的转机。

The president was stunned by the sudden [turn of events](bold).

总统对事态发生突变感到非常震惊。

[take a turn for the worse/better](bold)

Two days after the operation, Dad took a turn for the worse.

爸爸在手术两天后病情开始恶化。

the short period from the turn of the century until World War One

从世纪之交到一战之前的短暂时期

happening again and again, especially in an annoying way

problems that presented themselves at every turn

the act of turning something completely around a fixed point

I gave the screw another two or three turns.

changing from one quality, feeling etc to another

轮流地，交替地〔表现某些特质或情感〕

By turns, a 14 year old is affectionate then aggressive, silent then outspoken.

一个14岁的孩子，有时会跟你很亲热，有时又会犯浑，有时一言不发，有时又什么话都说。

the ability to say things in a clever or funny way

to say something you should not say in a particular situation, especially because you do not have enough authority to say it

说不该说的话，说话出格〔尤指超越本分说话〕

I’m sorry if I spoke out of turn, Major Karr.

如果我说了不该说的话，我很抱歉，卡尔少校。

to do something that is helpful or unhelpful for someone

做有利于/有损于某人的事

You did me a good turn by driving Max home last night.

你昨晚开车送马克斯回家，真是帮了我大忙。

used to say that if someone does something nice for you, you should do something nice for them

好心应该得到好报；以德报德

the particular way that someone usually thinks or feels

[an academic/practical etc turn of mind](bold)

youngsters with an independent turn of mind

if the tide is on the turn, the sea is starting to come in or go out

starting to change, or in the process of changing

if milk, fish, or other food is on the turn, it is no longer fresh

〔牛奶、鱼或其他食品〕变酸，变质

a sudden increase in your speed, or the ability to increase your speed suddenly

He’s a top goalkicker with a surprising turn of speed.

他是个顶尖射手，瞬间加速能力十分惊人。

在某处悠闲地散步，在某处闲逛

使某人惊慌，令某人受惊吓


turnout

the number of people who vote in an election

the low turn-out of 54 percent in the March elections

3月份选举中54%的低投票率

the number of people who go to a party, meeting, or other organized event

〔聚会、会议等的〕出席人数，到场人数

I was disappointed by the turn-out for our home match.

我对我们主场比赛的观众到场人数感到失望。

a place at the side of a narrow road where cars can wait to let others pass


turnover

ˈtɜːrnˌoʊvər

the amount of business done during a particular period

The illicit drugs industry has an [annual turnover](bold) of some £200 billion.

非法毒品行业有2,000亿英镑左右的年交易额。

the rate at which a particular kind of goods is sold

the rate at which people leave an organization and are replaced by others

Low pay accounts for the [high turnover](bold).

低薪是人员流动大的原因。

a high degree of labour turnover among women


turtle

a reptile that lives mainly in water and has a soft body covered by a hard shell

any reptile that has a hard shell covering its body, for example a tortoise

a ship or boat that turns turtle turns upside down


tutor

someone who gives private lessons to one student or a small group, and is paid directly by them

The children were educated at home by a succession of tutors.

这些孩子在家接受教育，连续请过几任家庭教师。

a teacher in a British university or college

〔英国大学或学院中的〕讲师

她是我在达勒姆大学时的导师。


tutor

Young men were tutored in the art of handling horses.

年轻男子被教授驭马之术。


tutorial

a period of teaching and discussion with a tutor, especially in a British university

〔尤指英国大学里的〕导师辅导（时间）

a computer program that is designed to teach you how to use another program


tutorial

家庭教师的；助教的；大学导师的；辅导的，指导的


TV

You watch or see something [on TV](bold)  or [on the TV](bold) : We saw the game on TV.
Don’t say: [We saw the game in TV.](strike)

You say that a programme, person etc is [on TV](bold)  or [on the TV](bold) : The news is on TV right now.
Don’t say: [The news is in TV right now.](strike)

这部电影我是在电视上看的。

根据这部小说改编的电视连续剧

He’s the top [TV presenter](bold) for children’s programmes.

他是最优秀的儿童电视节目主持人。


twelve

[twelfth](bold) adj. pron. eg: her twelfth birthday eg: in the twelfth century eg: I’m planning to leave on [the twelfth](bold)(=the 12th day of the month).

He received a twelve-month jail sentence.

Their son Dylan is twelve (=12 years old).


twenty

[twentieth](bold) adj. pron. eg: in the twentieth century eg: her twentieth birthday eg: I’m planning to leave on [the twentieth](bold)(=the 20th day of the month).

a small village twenty miles from Nairobi

距内罗毕20英里的一个小村庄

20年代时，业务扩展了。

The photograph was taken in the late twenties.

照片是在20年代晚期照的。

She was in her early twenties when I met her.

我遇到她时，她20岁出头。

if the temperature is in the twenties, it is between 20 degrees and 29 degrees

a warm day, with temperatures in the low twenties

温暖的一天，气温20度多一点

a piece of paper money that is worth £20 or $20

二十英镑钞票；二十美元钞票

我给了司机一张20美元的钞票。


twice

[once bitten, twice shy](bold) at → [once](->once) 1 sense 19 [once or twice](bold) at → [once](->once) 1 sense 12 [think twice](bold) at → [think](->think) 1 sense 7

He was questioned by police twice yesterday.

他昨天被警察讯问了两次。

[twice a day/week/year etc](bold)(=two times in the same day, week etc)

Letters were delivered twice a week only.

None of our dinner menus are exactly the same [twice over](bold).

我们的晚餐菜单从没有完全重样的。

two times more, bigger, better etc than something else

They employ 90 people, twice as many as last year.

他们雇用了90人，是去年的两倍。

[twice as high/big/large etc (as sth)](bold)

Interest rates are twice as high as those of our competitors.

利率是我们竞争对手的两倍高。

[twice the size/number/rate/amount etc](bold)


twig

a small very thin stem of wood that grows from a branch on a tree


twig

[past tense and past participle](italic) [twigged](bold) [present participle](italic) [twigging](bold)

to suddenly realize something about a situation

过了好长时间他才突然明白过来。


twilight

the small amount of light in the sky as the day ends

The end of the cigarette glowed in the twilight.

烟头在暮色中发着幽幽的红光。

the time when day is just starting to become night

romantic walks along the beach at twilight

the period just before the end of the most active part of someone’s life

Depression in the [twilight years](bold)(=the last years of your life) is usually related to illness.

晚年的精神抑郁通常与疾病有关。

a strange situation involving mystery, dishonesty etc


twin

→ [identical twin](->identical twin) → [Siamese twin](->Siamese twin)

one of two children born at the same time to the same mother

这对双胞胎现在已经八个月大了。


twin

→ [twinset](->twinset) → [twin town](->twin town)

used to describe one of two children who are twins

used to describe two things that happen at the same time and are related to each other

the twin problems of poverty and unemployment

贫穷和失业这两个密切相关的问题

All the twin rooms have private bathrooms.

所有的双床房都配有独立卫生间。


twin

[past tense and past participle](italic) [twinned](bold) [present participle](italic) [twinning](bold)

to form a relationship between two similar towns in different countries in order to encourage visits between them

使〔不同国家的两个类似城市〕结为姐妹城市

Chichester in England is twinned with Chartres in France.

英格兰的奇切斯特和法国的沙特尔结成了姐妹城市。

to form a relationship between two places, people, or ideas

使〔两地、两人或两种思想〕紧密结合，使相连

Dole has been twinned in the history books with his old rival Bush.

在历史书里，多尔和他的老对手布什紧密联系在一起。


twist

[twist/wrap sb around your little finger](bold) at → [finger](->finger) 1 sense 8 [twist the knife (in the wound)](bold) at → [knife](->knife) 1 sense 3

to turn a part of your body around or change your position by turning

He [twisted](bold) his [head](bold) slightly, and looked up at her.

他微微扭过头，抬眼看着她。

She twisted round, so that she could see the dog better.

她转过身子，以便更清楚地看到那条狗。

if you twist your mouth or features, you smile in an unpleasant way or look angry, disapproving etc

咧〔嘴〕，歪起嘴苦笑〔表示生气、不赞同等〕

His [mouth twisted](bold) in a humourless smile.

to bend or turn something, such as wire, hair, or cloth, into a particular shape

She twisted her handkerchief into a knot.

Twist the two ends of the wire together.

to wind something around or through an object

She twisted a silk scarf round her neck.

她把一条真丝围巾围在脖子上。

Ann twisted some daisies through Katherine’s thick brown hair.

安把几朵雏菊缠绕在凯瑟琳浓密的棕色头发上。

to turn something in a circle using your hand

if a road, river etc twists, it changes direction in a series of curves

The road twisted between spectacular mountains.

道路盘旋在壮丽的群山之间。

to change the true or intended meaning of a statement, especially in order to get some advantage for yourself

He’s always trying to [twist](bold) my [words](bold) and make me look bad.

他总是要曲解我的话，丑化我的形象。

to hurt your wrist etc by pulling or turning it too suddenly while you are moving

Harriet slipped on the stairs and twisted her ankle.

哈丽雅特在楼梯上滑倒，扭伤了脚踝。

if a path, road, stream etc twists and turns, it has a lot of bends in it

〔道路、溪流等〕弯弯曲曲，蜿蜒

The river twists and turns through the green fields.

河流弯弯曲曲穿过绿色的田野。

if a person or animal twists and turns, they make twisting movements

to persuade someone to do something they do not want to do

强迫某人做某事，向某人施加压力

No one twisted my arm about coming to see you.

to bend someone’s arm upwards behind their back in order to hurt them

The policeman twisted my arm behind me and arrested me.

警察把我的手臂反扭到背后，拘捕了我。


twist

[(don’t) get your knickers in a twist](bold) at → [knickers](->knickers) sense 3

an unexpected feature or change in a situation or series of events

〔形势或事态的〕意外转折

[a new/cruel/unexpected/strange etc twist](bold)

The robbery took a deadly new twist as the robber pulled out a gun.

抢劫事件出现了关乎生死的新变数——劫匪掏出了枪。

By an amazing [twist of fate](bold), we met again in Madrid five years later.

命运的安排让人惊奇，五年后我们在马德里又相遇了。

He smiled, a slow cynical twist of his lips.

他笑了，嘴巴慢慢一歪，带着嘲笑的意味。

〔河流或道路的〕曲折处，弯子，转弯处

a small piece of something that is twisted into a particular shape

a popular fast dance from the 1960s in which you twist your body from side to side

扭摆舞〔盛行于20世纪60年代〕

‘The woman’s mad,’ she told herself. ‘She’s round the twist.’

“那女人疯了，”她对自己说，“她真是疯了。”


twisted

something twisted has been bent in many directions or turned many times, so that it has lost its original shape

seeming to enjoy things that are cruel or shocking, in a way that is not normal

Whoever sent those letters has a twisted mind.

寄那些信的人心理不正常。


two

[don’t care two hoots](bold) at → [hoot](->hoot) 1 sense 5 [two/three etc of a kind](bold) at → [kind](->kind) 1 sense 6 [be two/ten a penny](bold) at → [penny](->penny) sense 11 [in ones and twos](bold) at → [one](->one) 1 sense 3 [it takes two to tango](bold) at → [tango](->tango) 2 sense 2 [kill two birds with one stone](bold) at → [kill](->kill) 1 sense 13 [no two ways about it](bold) at → [way](->way) 1 sense 54 [fall between two stools](bold) at → [fall](->fall) 1 sense 32

two things of the same type that you use together. Also used about two people who do something together or who you often see together

Winners will receive a pair of tickets for the show.

The pair were arrested six days after the killing.

The British pair will be playing in the final on Saturday.

two things of the same type, or a very small number of things

There were a couple of empty seats at the table.

Do you have any stamps? I just need a couple.

two people who are married or having a sexual relationship

two children who were born on the same day to the same mother

two people who perform together or who are often seen together

a piece of music written for two people to play

a bed for two people, or a room that has a bed for two people in it

two separate single beds, or a room with two separate single beds

We asked for a twin room, and they've give us a double room.

我要离开差不多两周时间。

We have to be there by two (=two o'clock).

我们得在两点之前到那里。

His family moved to Australia when he was two (=two years old).

他两岁时，全家搬到了澳大利亚。

两人一组地，两个事物一组地

I’d like you to line up in twos, please.

to guess the meaning of something you have heard or seen

I saw him leaving her house and I put two and two together.

我看见他离开她家，心里便有了推测。

used to tell someone that you are in the same situation and feel the same way

我们两人的情况一样；我跟你有同感

‘But I don’t know anything about children!’ ‘Well, that makes two of us.’

“可是我对小孩子的事一点都不懂！” “是呀，我和你一样。”

used to tell someone that they will not have an advantage over you by doing something because you can do it too

a year/a week/a moment/an hour etc or two

一两年/一两周/一会儿/一两个小时等

used to talk about two ways of looking at the same situation

used to say that two people are more likely to solve a problem or think of an idea than one person working alone

(AmE [be of two minds (about sth)](bold) )

to be unable to decide what to do, or what you think about something

（对于某事）犹豫不决，举棋不定

I was in two minds about whether to go with him.

我很犹豫要不要和他一起去。

your opinion or what you want to say about a subject

〔对所讨论问题的〕意见，观点

Everyone had to put in their two cents worth.

每个人都必须说说自己的意见。

used to say that it is better to leave two people alone to spend time with each other


two-dimensional

a two-dimensional character in a book, play etc does not seem like a real person

〔书本、剧中等的人物〕缺乏深度的，没有真实感的


type

one member of a group of people or things that have similar features or qualities. [Type](bold) is the usual word to use in scientific or technical contexts. In everyday English, people usually use [kind](bold) or [sort](bold)

a type of person or thing. [Kind ](bold) is less formal than [type](bold), and is used especially in everyday English

The study is the first of its kind in Ireland.

a type of person or thing. [Sort ](bold) is less formal than [type](bold), and is used especially in everyday British English

one type of something from all the ones that are possible – used especially when things have different physical characteristics, or in certain fixed phrases

The first primitive life forms consumed various materials, including hydrogen sulfide, and released oxygen.

In those days, horses were the commonest form of transport.

We need to use alternative forms of energy.

a type that is slightly different from others in the same group

The French make many varieties of cheese.

a type of plant or animal, which can breed together to produce plants or animals of the same type

These forests contain many species of trees.

The giant panda is an endangered species.

used when talking about a particular type of thing

Many people find it embarrassing to discuss problems of a sexual nature.

Minor incidents of this nature normally occur about once a month.

a group of people or things that are all of the same type – used when there is a clear system for deciding which group something belongs to

The three major categories of rock are: igneous, metamorphic, and sedimentary.

She won the best actress category at the Oscars.

used when talking about the particular way that someone does something or thinks about something, when this is very different from that of other people

She has her own special brand of humour.

He has called for a more positive brand of politics.

a type of art, music, literature etc. that has a particular style or feature

He has written novels in several genres, most notably science fiction.

the name of a type of product made by a company, especially one that you use every day such as food or cleaning products

a survey to find out which brand of toothpaste people prefer

advertising for a well-known brand of cigarettes

a type of product made by a particular company – used especially about things such as machines, equipment, or cars

‘What make of car do you drive?’ ‘A Ford.’

one particular type or design of a vehicle, machine etc

Have you flown this particular type of aircraft before?

They use the same type of axe as a tool and a weapon.

I’ve learned to work with different types of people.

These architects felt the time had come for a new type of public building.

Methane is the main type of gas produced.

The best cleanser for you depends on your skin type.

(=one of the classes into which human blood can be separated)

Mother and child had the same blood type.

Find out your personality type by answering our simple questionnaire.

The plant thrives in a wide range of soil types.

I’ve already seen a few movies of this type.

我已经看过几部这种类型的影片了。

[Type](bold)  is a countable noun and should be plural after words such as ‘these’, ‘those’, and ‘many’: this type of building these types of building
Don’t say: [ these type of building](strike)

a person who has, or seems to have, a particular character

乔可不是那种喜欢运动的人。

Beth [is not the type to](bold) make a fuss.

贝丝不是那种小题大做的人。

to be the kind of person someone is sexually attracted to

他并不是我所喜欢的那种人。

a small block with a raised letter on it that is used to print with, or a set of these


type

to write something using a computer or a typewriter

〔用计算机或打字机〕打，打字

Type your password, then press ‘Return’.

输入密码，然后按“回车”键。

[type sth up](bold)(=type a copy of something written by hand, in note form, or recorded)

[type sth in](bold)(=write information on a computer)

Please wait while I type in your details.

请稍候，我来输入你的个人信息。

to find out what group something such as blood, cells, or a disease belong to

找出〔血液、细胞或疾病〕的类型，把 …分类


typical

a typical person or thing is a good example of that type of person or thing

With his camera around his neck, he looked like a typical tourist.

The windows are typical of houses built during this period.

used to describe a very typical and very good example of something

It was a classic case of the cure being worse than the disease.

The book is a classic example of great teamwork.

the archetypal  person or thing is the most typical example of that kind of person or thing, and has all their most important qualities

Indiana Jones is the archetypal adventure hero.

used when you want to emphasize that someone or something is the very best example of something – used especially when you admire them very much

Robert Plant is the quintessential rock ‘n’ roll singer.

having the characteristics that many people believe a particular type of person or thing has – used when you think these beliefs are not true

Hollywood films are full of stereotypical images of women as wives and mothers.

He challenges stereotypical ideas about people with disabilities.

containing the most common types of people or things that are found in something, and showing what it is usually like

a representative sample of college students

very typical of a particular type of thing, or of someone’s character or usual behaviour

Each species of bird has its own characteristic song.

What gives Paris its characteristic charm?

He played with his characteristic skill.

the characteristic symptoms of the disease

to be the best possible example of a particular type of person or thing or of a particular quality

His house was thought to be the epitome of good taste.

having the usual features or qualities of a particular group or thing

This advertisement is a [typical example](bold) of their marketing strategy.

这则广告是他们营销策略的一个典型例子。

On a [typical day](bold), our students go to classes from 7.30 am to 1 pm.

平时我们学生的上课时间是上午7点30分到下午1点。

Try calculating your budget for a typical week.

算算看你平时一周的预算是多少。

Bennett accepted the award with typical modesty.

贝内特以他一贯的谦虚接受了奖品。

It’s not typical of Gill to be so critical.

Mr Stevens’ appointment was a [typical case](bold) of promoting a man beyond his level of competence.

对史蒂文斯先生的任命是典型的小材大用。

used to show that you are annoyed when something bad happens again, or when someone does something bad again

老是这样！又来了！〔表示气愤〕


typically

in a way that a person or group is generally believed to behave

Typically, he didn’t even bother to tell anyone he was going.

他还是那样，甚至都没有告诉任何人他要走了。

Al was his typically cheerful self again.

阿尔又是平时那个快快乐乐的他了。

in a way that shows the usual or expected features of someone or something

舒适的、典型荷兰风格的酒店

The male of the species is typically smaller than the female.

这一物种的雄性一般要比雌性小一些。

in the way that a particular type of thing usually happens

Women in developing countries typically have their first child when they are very young.

发展中国家的女性通常都很早生育。

我一般每天收到大约30封电子邮件。


tyrant

a ruler who has complete power and uses it in a cruel and unfair way

The country had long been ruled by tyrants.

这个国家长期受暴君统治。

someone who has power over other people, and uses it cruelly or unfairly


tyre

On lap two, Millar suffered a burst tire, which caused him to crash.

When police officers examined the car, they discovered that it had two bald tyres.

I have never changed a tyre or looked under a bonnet.

The tyre had punctured and had to be replaced.

There were tire marks on the road close to where the crash happened.

([BrE](special)) AmE tire  [n](bold) <[C](bold)>

a thick rubber ring that fits around the wheel of a car, bicycle etc

I had a [flat tyre](bold)(=all the air went out of it) on the way home.

回家的路上我的轮胎瘪了。


ubiquitous

seeming to be everywhere – sometimes used humorously

似乎无处不在的〔有时为幽默用法〕

如今好像到处都是咖啡馆。

a French film, starring the ubiquitous Gérard Depardieu

一部法国电影，由家喻户晓的热拉尔·德帕迪约主演


ugly

very unpleasant to look at – used about people, objects, and buildings

not pleasant to look at. [Unattractive](bold) sounds more formal and less strong than [ugly](bold)

an unattractive modern town which was built during the 1960s

not pleasant to look at, and spoiling the appearance of something

Unsightly red spots started to appear on her face.

The windows have been blocked off with unsightly metal bars.

extremely ugly, especially in a way that makes you want to look away

His appearance was so repulsive he had to wear a mask.

extremely ugly in a strange or unnatural way

A grotesque figure appeared out of the darkness.

something that is so ugly that it spoils the appearance of an area

Local residents regard the new office building as an eyesore.

I think wind turbines are a blot on the landscape - why can't people just use less electricity?

[comparative](italic) [uglier](bold) [superlative](italic) [ugliest](bold)

extremely unattractive and unpleasant to look at

Nick’s dog is [as ugly as sin](bold)(=very ugly).

used to describe a situation which is very bad or violent, and which makes you feel frightened or threatened

There were [ugly scenes](bold) as rival gangs started attacking each other.

敌对帮派之间开始相互攻击，出现了很可怕的场面。

ugly ideas, feelings, remarks etc are unpleasant

〔观念、感情、话语等〕令人不愉快的，讨厌的，丑恶的

someone who is less attractive, successful etc than other people, but who becomes beautiful and successful later

丑小鸭〔指起初不如别人、后来变得出类拔萃之人〕


ulcer

a sore area on your skin or inside your body that may bleed or produce poisonous substances


ultimate

someone’s ultimate aim is their main and most important aim, that they hope to achieve in the future

Complete disarmament was the ultimate goal of the conference.

全面裁军是这次会议的最终目标。

Our ultimate objective is to have as many female members of parliament as there are male.

我们的最终目标是要让女性议员人数和男性议员一样多。

the ultimate result of a long process is what happens at the end of it

The [ultimate outcome](bold) of the experiment cannot be predicted.

实验的最后结果无法预测。

The [ultimate fate](bold) of the tribe was even sadder.

那个部落的最终命运还要更悲惨。

if you have ultimate responsibility for something, you are the person who must make the important final decisions about it

The ultimate responsibility for policy lies with the president.

政策的最终责任由总统担负。

The [ultimate decision](bold) rests with the Public Health Service.

最后的决定权属于公共卫生部。

better, bigger, worse etc than all other things or people of the same kind

〔同类中〕最出色的，最大的，最糟糕的

The Rolling Stones are the ultimate rock and roll band.

滚石乐队是最出色的摇滚乐队。

The female nude is surely the ultimate test of artistic skill.


ultimate

the best or most modern example of something

最好[最新式]的 …， …的极品， …的精华

The plane was the ultimate in air technology in the '60s.

那种飞机是60年代航空技术的最杰出代表。

Guy’s home is [the ultimate in luxury](bold).


ultimately

finally, after everything else has been done or considered

Ultimately, the decision rests with the child’s parents.

最终，决定权在这孩子的父母手中。

a long but ultimately successful campaign

一场历时很久但最终成功的运动


ultimatum

ˌʌltəˈmeɪtəm

ˌʌltəˈmeɪtəm

My boss gave me an ultimatum: get better results or find another job.

The authorities issued an ultimatum to the students to end their protest or face arrest.

Iraq was presented with an ultimatum by the UN to cease the invasion of Kuwait.

We received an ultimatum from the army demanding our surrender.

The terms of the ultimatum required them to withdraw by noon.

[plural](italic) ultimatums or [plural](italic) ultimata /-tə/

a threat saying that if someone does not do what you want by a particular time, you will do something to punish them

The club [gave](bold) him an [ultimatum](bold) - either he apologized, or he would be expelled from the team.

俱乐部给他下了最后通牒——要么道歉，要么等着被开除出队。

The army [issued an ultimatum](bold) for all weapons in the city to be surrendered by October 26th.

军队发出最后通牒，要求必须于10月26日之前交出该市的全部武器。


umbrella

an object that you use to protect yourself against rain or hot sun. It consists of a circular folding frame covered in cloth

It started to rain, so Tricia stopped to [put up](bold) her [umbrella](bold).

开始下雨了，所以特里西娅停下来撑起雨伞。

I spent the day on the beach, lying under a [beach umbrella](bold), reading.

那天我就在海滩上度过，躺在遮阳伞下面看书。

an organization that includes many smaller groups

〔有众多附属团体的〕伞状组织/团体/机构等

a word whose meaning includes many different types of a particular thing

〔包括多种含义的〕概括词/总称等

District nurses, health visitors, and school nurses will come under the umbrella term ‘community nursing’.

地区护士、健康访视员和学校护士都将归在“社区护理”这个总称下面。

(come/work etc) under the umbrella of sth

to be part of a larger organization or involved in the work done by it

归属于〔较大组织〕；由〔较大组织〕负责实施

The international education program came under the umbrella of the State Department.

国际教育计划由美国国务院负责。

the protection given by a powerful country, army, a weapons system etc

the American nuclear umbrella over western Europe

美国向西欧提供的核保护伞


umpire

the person who makes sure that the players obey the rules in sports such as tennis, baseball, and cricket

〔网球、棒球、板球等运动的〕裁判员


umpire

to be the umpire in a game or competition


unable

Lucy was unable to find out what had happened.

露西无法知道发生了什么事。

Unable to sleep, I got up and made myself a drink.

我睡不着，于是起来给自己倒了杯酒。

In everyday English, people usually say that they [can't/couldn't do sth](bold)  rather than [are/were unable to do sth](bold) :

She [couldn't](bold) find out what had happened.


unacceptable

[unacceptably](bold) adv. eg: Unemployment is unacceptably high.

something that is unacceptable is so wrong or bad that you think it should not be allowed

I found her attitude totally unacceptable.

我觉得她的态度让人完全不能接受。

The recommendations from this report are unacceptable to many black people.

这份报告中的提议让很多黑人无法接受。

It was socially unacceptable to discuss sex then.


unaffected

ˌʌnəˈfektɪd◂

ˌʌnəˈfektɪd◂

The north [remained](bold) largely [unaffected](bold)  by the drought.

北部基本上没有受到干旱影响。

natural in the way you behave – use this to show approval

〔举止〕不装腔作势的，自然的〔含褒义〕


unambiguous

ˌʌnæmˈbɪɡjuəs◂

ˌʌnæmˈbɪɡjuəs◂

a statement, instruction etc that is unambiguous is clear and easy to understand because it can only mean one thing

清楚的，明确的，不含糊的


unanimous

a unanimous decision, vote, agreement etc is one in which all the people involved agree

〔决定、表决、协议等〕一致通过的，无异议的

It was decided by a unanimous vote that the school should close.

关闭学校是大家一致通过的决定。

The decision to appoint Matt was almost unanimous.

任命马特的决定几乎是一致通过的。

The banks were unanimous in welcoming the news.

各银行一致欢迎这个消息。


unauthorized

ʌnˈɔːθəraɪzd

BrE also: [unauthorised](bold)  [adj](bold)

the unauthorized use of government funds

Unauthorized personnel are not allowed on the premises.


unavailable

ˌʌnəˈveɪləbəl

ˌʌnəˈveɪləbəl

Funding for the new school is unavailable.

materials that were unavailable to researchers in the past

研究人员在过去无法得到的材料

Officials were [unavailable for comment](bold)(=not able or willing to talk to reporters).

官员们未能接受访问作出评论。


unavoidable

ˌʌnəˈvɔɪdəbəl

ˌʌnəˈvɔɪdəbəl

[unavoidably](bold) adv. eg: Molly was unavoidably delayed.

There are now fears that war is unavoidable.

人们现在担心战争不可避免。


unaware

Children were playing next to the railway line, totally unaware of the danger.

Laura seemed quite unaware that she had offended me.

The public was largely unaware of the security measures.

Blissfully unaware of the impending danger, Grant stood under the trees.

The man, apparently unaware that he was being filmed, tried to break into the house.

John seemed totally unaware of the effect he was having on my daughters.

Most people remained largely unaware of the change to the law.

Mary's husband appeared quite unaware that he was causing her great embarrassment.

not noticing or realizing what is happening

Mike seems unaware of the trouble he’s causing.

迈克似乎没意识到他所惹的麻烦。

She was [totally unaware](bold) that she was being watched.

她完全没有察觉到自己正在被监视。


unbelievable

ˌʌnbəˈliːvəbəl◂

ˌʌnbəˈliːvəbəl◂

[unbelievably](bold) adv. eg: an unbelievably bad movie

非常好[成功]的；好得令人难以置信的

非常坏的；令人无比震惊的

[It was unbelievable that](bold) we were expected to pay twice.

让人难以相信的是我们竟然要付两次钱。

so extreme that it hardly seems possible

→see THESAURUS at [surprising](->surprising)

very difficult to believe and therefore probably untrue

Yvonne’s excuse for being late was totally unbelievable.

伊冯娜迟到的理由根本不可信。


uncertain

不确定的，无把握的，拿不准的

He was uncertain how much further he could walk.

他不清楚自己还能走多远。

我拿不定主意接下来要做什么。

不清楚的；难预料的；未确定的

It is uncertain how likely this is to occur.

出现这种情况的可能性有多大还不清楚。

My whole [future](bold) now seemed [uncertain](bold).

现在我的整个前途似乎是个未知数。

if you tell someone something in no uncertain terms, you tell them very clearly without trying to be polite

I told Colin in no uncertain terms what I thought of him.

我直截了当地告诉科林我对他的看法。

if someone walks in an uncertain way, they seem as though they might fall

She took a few [uncertain steps](bold) forward.

她踉踉跄跄地向前走了几步。


uncertainty

when you feel doubt about what will happen

Times of great change are also times of uncertainty.

发生巨大变革的时期也是动荡的时期。

There is a great deal of [uncertainty](bold) about [the](bold) company’s [future](bold).

公司的前景有很大的未知性。

a situation which you are not sure about because you do not know what will happen


unchanging

ʌnˈtʃeɪndʒɪŋ

ʌnˈtʃeɪndʒɪŋ

also: un‧changed /ʌnˈtʃeɪndʒd/  [adj](bold)


uncle

the brother of your mother or father, or the husband of your aunt

伯[叔，舅]父；姑[姨]丈

I went to stay with my uncle and aunt for a few days.

我去和叔叔婶婶住了几天。

I was very excited about [becoming an uncle](bold)(=your sister or your brother’s wife has a child).

used by children, in front of a first name, to address or refer to a man who is a close friend of their parents

叔叔，伯伯〔儿语，用于称呼父母的朋友〕

used by children to tell someone to admit they have been defeated

叫叔叔〔儿语，用于要求对方认输〕


unclear

difficult to understand or be sure about, so that there is doubt or confusion

难懂的；不确定的；不清楚的

The terms of the contract are very unclear.

I’m rather unclear about what I’m supposed to be doing here.

我不太明白我在这儿该做些什么。


uncomfortable

not feeling physically comfortable, or not making you feel comfortable

unable to relax because you are embarrassed

→see THESAURUS at [embarrassed](->embarrassed)

She always felt slightly uncomfortable in a hat.

她戴帽子总是觉得有点不自在。


uncommon

Violent crimes against the elderly are fortunately very uncommon.

幸好针对老年人的暴力犯罪非常罕见。

[it is not uncommon for sb to do sth](bold)

It is not uncommon for students to have bank loans.

学生有银行贷款并不少见。


unconditional

ˌʌnkənˈdɪʃənəl◂

ˌʌnkənˈdɪʃənəl◂

not limited by or depending on any conditions

the unconditional release of all political prisoners


unconscious

unable to see, move, feel etc in the normal way because you are not conscious

她被找到时还活着，但已不省人事。

Levin was knocked unconscious by the impact.

a feeling or thought that is unconscious is one that you have without realizing it

〔感觉或想法〕无意识的，未意识到的

to not realize the effect of something you have said or done

未意识到某事物，未觉察到某事物

Doreen appeared to be unconscious of the amusement she had caused.

多琳似乎并未意识到她把大家逗乐了。

an action that is unconscious is not deliberate


unconscious

the part of your mind in which there are thoughts and feelings that you do not realize you have


unconstitutional

not allowed by the constitutionset of rules or principles by which a country or organization is governed

claims that the president’s action was unconstitutional


uncover

to find out about something that has been kept secret

Customs officials uncovered a plot to smuggle weapons into the country.

海关官员侦破了一个走私武器入境的阴谋。


under

something that is under something else has that thing directly above it or covering it

in a lower position than something else, though not always directly under it

From the cliffs we could barely see the people on the beach below us.

His apartment is below ours on the left.

under – used especially to emphasize that something covers, touches, or hides something

The girls wear shorts underneath their cheerleading skirts.

They strolled hand in hand beneath the summer moon.

The water lies just beneath the surface of the earth.

below or at a lower level than something, or covered by something

在 …下面；在 …之下；在 …底下

温迪把盒子藏在了自己的床底下。

在你的照片下面写上名字。

I could see something glittering under the water.

我看到水下有东西在闪闪发光。

他在大衣里面穿了件夹克。

Under her arm, she carried a large portfolio.

In summer, we often slept under the stars.

夏天，我们经常露宿星空之下。

I’d scare my mom by diving in and staying under (=staying under the water) for as long as I could.

我会跳进水里，在水下待到憋不住为止，以此来吓唬我妈妈。

The bench collapsed [under the weight of](bold)(=unable to support the weight of) so many people.

长椅承受不住这么多人的重量塌了。

less than a particular number, amount, age, or price

〔数字、数量、年龄或价格〕低于，少于，在 …以下

These toys are not suitable for children under five.

这些玩具不适合五岁以下的儿童玩。

Most of the events listed cost under £60.

所列活动项目的花费大多低于60英镑。

I spend [just under](bold) four hours a day seeing customers.

我一天接待客户所花的时间将近四小时。

Children aged 12 or under must be accompanied by an adult.

12岁及12岁以下儿童必须由成人陪同。

[be under age](bold)(=be too young to legally drink, have sex etc)

used to say what is being done to something or how it is being dealt with

The possibility of employing more staff is still under discussion (=being discussed, considered etc).

关于是否可以招聘更多员工的问题仍在讨论之中。

All categories of expenditure are under review.

Four new power stations are currently under construction.

有四座新的发电站目前正在建设中。

The port was coming under attack from enemy warships.

那个港口正遭到敌舰的攻击。

affected by a particular condition, influence, or situation

She’s been [under](bold) a lot of [pressure](bold) at work.

[under the influence of alcohol/drink/drugs etc](bold)

He was accused of driving while under the influence of alcohol.

The operation was carried out while she was under general anaesthetic.

手术在她全身麻醉的状态下进行。

I’m glad to see that you have everything [under control](bold).

很高兴看到一切都在你的控制之中。

Two of our national parks are currently [under threat](bold) from road schemes.

筑路计划使我们的两个国家公园正面临遭到破坏的威胁。

The doctor injected something into my arm and I immediately felt myself [going under](bold)(=becoming unconscious).

医生往我手臂里注射了一种东西，我便立即失去了知觉。

if something happens under particular conditions, it happens when those conditions exist

I wish I’d met him under different circumstances.

我真希望不是在这种情况下遇见他的。

The system operates well under normal conditions.

正常情况下这个系统运转良好。

according to a particular agreement, law etc

the question of whether the trade is illegal under international law

根据国际法那笔生意是否违法的问题

Under the terms of the agreement, the debt will be repaid over a 20-year period.

根据这项协议的条款，这笔债务将在20年内还清。

if something happens under a particular leader, government etc, it happens when they are in power

a program initiated under President Clinton and continued under President Bush

在克林顿总统时期启动、布什总统时期继续实施的一个计划

Under her leadership, the magazine’s circulation doubled in less than a year.

在她的领导下，这份杂志的发行量不到一年就翻了一倍。

Would it have been different under a Labour government?

如果是工党执政，会有改变吗？

if you work under someone, they have a higher position in the company, organization etc than you, and they help to direct your work

在 …手下，在 …的管辖下

She had a total staff of ten working under her.

一共有十名员工在她手下工作。

From 1847 to 1851 he served under Captain John Randolph Stokes.

1847年至1851年，他在约翰·伦道夫·斯托克斯上校手下服役。

At Cambridge he studied under (=was a student of) F. R. Leavis.

他在剑桥大学期间师从F. R. 利维斯。

used to say in which part of a book, list, or system particular information can be found

在 …下面〔表示某个信息可以在书、清单或系统中的某个地方找到〕

The baby’s records are filed under the mother’s last name.

宝宝的记录归档在母亲的姓氏下。

if you write or do something under a particular name, you do it using that name instead of your real name

He made a few records [under the name of](bold) Joe Ritchie.

他用乔·里奇的名字录制了几张唱片。


underestimate

to think or guess that something is smaller, cheaper, easier etc than it really is

(对 …)估计不足，低估，看轻

We underestimated how long it would take to get there.

我们低估了到那里所需的时间。

[underestimate the importance/extent/effect/power etc of sth](bold)

Never underestimate the power of the press.

绝不要低估新闻界的力量。

to think that someone is not as good, clever, or skilful, as they really are


underestimate

a guessed amount or number that is too low

Fourteen percent may be an underestimate.


undergo

The equipment has undergone several important design changes in recent years.

After the accident, his personality underwent a complete transformation.

The cyclist underwent emergency surgery yesterday after a collision with a car.

Doctors have to undergo years of training.

The ship is currently undergoing extensive repairs.

Mrs White underwent 20 hours of questioning, and admitted nothing.

[past tense](italic) [underwent](bold) /-ˈwent/ [past participle](italic) [undergone](bold) /-ˈɡɒn/ US /-ˈɡɒːn/

if you undergo a change, an unpleasant experience etc, it happens to you or is done to you

The country has [undergone](bold) massive [changes](bold) recently.

这个国家最近经历了巨大的变化。

He has been released from prison to [undergo](bold) medical [treatment](bold) in the United States.

他获释出狱去美国接受治疗。

She has been [undergoing tests](bold) since Monday.

她从星期一开始一直在接受各种检查。

Teachers should be expected to [undergo](bold) mid-career [training](bold) and development.

教师应该参加中期职业培训和发展活动。


undergraduate

ˌʌndəˈɡrædʒuət◂

a student at college or university, who is working for their first degree

〔在读的〕大学(本科)生


underground

an underground group, organization etc is secret and illegal

〔团体、组织等〕地下的，秘密的，不合法的

underground literature, newspapers etc are read by a small number of people, and would seem slightly strange or shocking to most people

〔文学作品、报纸等〕小众的，非主流的


underground

ˌʌndəˈɡraʊnd

This animal spends most of its life underground.

这种动物一生中的大部分时间都待在地下。

nuclear waste buried [deep underground](bold)

to start doing something secretly, or hide in a secret place

The ANC was forced to go underground when its leaders were arrested.

领导人被捕之后，非洲人国民大会被迫转入地下。


underground

an illegal group working in secret against the rulers of a country

〔反政府的〕地下组织，秘密团体


underline

to draw a line under a word to show that it is important

在 …之下画线〔以示重要〕

→see THESAURUS at [emphasize](->emphasize)

This tragic incident underlines the need for immediate action.

这一悲剧事件突显了立即采取行动的必要性。


underlying

ˌʌndəˈlaɪ-ɪŋ◂

Stress is the underlying cause of many illnesses.

There is an underlying assumption that new technology is always a good thing.

Their actions, he argued, went against the underlying principles of Christian morality.

Little is being done to correct the system's underlying problems.

Death and rebirth are underlying themes in all of his novels.

The underlying message of his speech was that the economic good times are over.

the cause, idea etc that is the most important, although it is not easily noticed

根本的原因/原则/问题等

There is an [underlying assumption](bold) that younger workers are easier to train.

有一种潜在的假设，认为年轻一些的雇员更容易培训。


undermine

to gradually make someone or something less strong or effective

economic policies that threaten to undermine the health care system

可能会损害卫生保健制度的经济政策

[undermine sb’s confidence/authority/position/credibility etc](bold)

The constant criticism was beginning to undermine her confidence.

不断的批评开始削弱她的信心。


underneath

directly under another object or covered by it

(掩盖)在〔另一物体〕下面

He got out of the car and looked underneath.

It’s near where the railway goes underneath the road.

它靠近铁路从公路下方穿过的地方。

She was wearing a smart jacket with a T-shirt underneath.

她穿了件时髦的夹克，里面是一件T恤衫。

Her blonde hair was hidden underneath a baseball cap.

一顶棒球帽遮住了她的满头金发。

A number had been painted underneath the table.

used to say what someone’s character is really like when their behaviour shows a different character

She seems confident, but she’s really quite shy underneath.

她看起来自信，其实相当腼腆。

I think he’s a genuinely nice guy [underneath it all](bold).

我认为他本质上是个非常好的人。


underneath

the bottom surface of something, or the part of something that is below or under something else

We need to paint the underneath with a rust preventer.

我们需要用防锈漆把底部刷一下。


underpants

a short piece of underwear worn by men under their trousers

a short piece of underwear worn under trousers by men or women

〔男用或女用的〕衬裤，内裤


underpin

[past tense and past participle](italic) [underpinned](bold) [present participle](italic) [underpinning](bold)

to give strength or support to something and to help it succeed

the theories that underpin his teaching method

America’s wealth is underpinned by a global system which exploits the world’s poor.

美国的财富是靠一个剥削全世界穷人的全球体系来支撑的。

to put a solid piece of metal under a wall or house in order to make it stronger

加固〔墙体或房屋〕的地基


underscore

[v](bold) <[T](bold)> ([especially AmE](special))

to emphasize the fact that something is important or true

to draw a line under a word or phrase to show that it is important

在〔单词或短语〕底下画线〔以示强调〕


understand

[Understand](bold)  is not used in the progressive. You say: I understand what you’re saying.
Don’t say: [I’m understanding what you’re saying.](strike)

to know the meaning of something, or the reasons for something

Doctors are beginning to understand what causes the disease.

to understand something, especially the truth about a situation or the reasons for something

to understand a joke, what someone says, the reasons why something is true etc

He explained the math homework twice, but I still don’t get it.

to understand something, or understand why something is important

The dream was easy to describe, but difficult to comprehend.

They had failed to comprehend the significance of the problem.

to understand what someone is telling you, or what a situation is like, especially because you have some experience or knowledge about this

‘It can be really hard to give up smoking.’ ‘I know exactly what you mean.’

We now know what the scientists meant when they warned about global warming.

to understand something such as an explanation or story as you hear it, read it etc

to completely understand an idea or a fact, especially a complicated one

Some of his theories can be rather difficult for the ordinary reader to grasp.

I don’t think Stuart really grasped the point I was making.

to understand what something means or the reasons for something, after thinking carefully about it

She looked at him, puzzled, trying to fathom the reasons for his actions.

to understand something that is not easy to understand, especially by thinking about it

People are still trying to make sense of the news.

used when something seems impossible to understand

I can’t make head nor tail of his plays, and I’m not sure that anyone else can either.

[past tense and past participle](italic) [understood](bold) /-ˈstʊd/

to know the meaning of what someone is telling you, or the language that they speak

I’m sorry, I don’t understand. Can you explain that again?

对不起，我不明白。你能再解释一遍吗？

The woman had a strong accent, and I couldn’t understand what she was saying.

那女人口音很重，我听不懂她在说些什么。

[make yourself understood](bold)(=make what you say clear to other people, especially when speaking a foreign language)

I’m not very good at German, but I can make myself understood.

我德语不是太好，不过我能说清楚自己的意思。

to know or realize how a fact, process, situation etc works, especially through learning or experience

〔尤指通过学习或经历〕了解，知道

I don’t really understand the political situation in Egypt.

我并不十分了解埃及的政治形势。

You don’t need to understand how computers work to be able to use them.

要使用计算机不需要非得搞懂它的工作原理。

How the drug works isn’t [fully understood](bold).

这种药的作用机制尚未完全为人所知。

I understand that this treatment may not work.

我知道这种治疗方法可能不管用。

to realize how someone feels and why they behave the way they do, and to be sympathetic

Just tell him how you feel – I’m sure he’ll understand.

就告诉他你的感受——我相信他会理解的。

I understand how you feel, but I think you’re overreacting.

我理解你的感受，但我认为你的反应过激了。

I can understand her wanting to live alone and be independent.

我能理解她想一个人独立生活。

to believe or think that something is true because you have heard it or read it

‘I understand that he was 62 when he died,’ McLeish said.

“据我所知他是62岁时去世的。”麦克利什说。

It is understood that the Queen approves of her nephew’s romance.

Dillons is understood to be reorganising the company’s management structure.

据说狄龙斯正在重组公司的管理架构。

In more formal English, you say [it is understood that](bold)  when saying what people in general believe is true: It is understood that an agreement will be signed today.

to make someone believe that something is true, going to happen etc, without telling them this directly

〔不直接说明而〕使某人相信 …

I was given to understand that the property was in good condition.

给我的感觉是房子维护得挺好。

if something is understood, everyone knows it, or has agreed to it, and there is no need to discuss it

…不言而喻； …理所当然

From childhood it was understood that your parents would choose your husband.

从小你就知道父母会为你挑选丈夫。

to accept something as having a particular meaning

In this document, ‘children’ is understood to mean people under 14.

在本文件中，“儿童”是指14岁以下的人。

used when you are telling someone what they should or should not do, especially when you are angry with them

明白了吗？〔用于告诫某人应该或不应该做什么，尤在对其感到生气时使用〕

Never speak to me like that again! Do you understand?

别再那样子对我说话！懂了吗？


understandable

[understandably](bold) adv. eg: They were understandably upset.

understandable behaviour, reactions etc seem normal and reasonable because of the situation you are in

〔行为、反应等〕可以理解的，合情理的

[It is understandable that](bold) parents are angry, and looking for someone to blame.

父母生气了想找个人出气，这是可以理解的。

He just can’t face anyone at the moment, which is [perfectly understandable](bold).

他现在就是无法面对任何人，这完全可以理解。


understanding

ˌʌndəˈstændɪŋ

The authorities don’t seem to have a clear understanding of the problem.

Scientists continued to gain a greater understanding of the effects of radiation.

It is hoped that the research will broaden our understanding of the disease.

The classes really helped to increase our understanding of the subject.

All of this will lead to a better understanding of the overseas market.

Before you begin, it is vital that you have a clear understanding of what you want to achieve.

The degree gives students a thorough understanding of issues relating to housing.

They lacked any real understanding of the subject.

The sales force has a good understanding of the market.

The aim of the examination is to test basic understanding of the written language.

We have only a limited understanding of how the brain processes this information.

knowledge about something, based on learning or experience

How does this add to our understanding of the problem?

这对我们理解这个问题有何益处？

If you know the neighbourhood, you [have an understanding of](bold) what the children are like.

假如你熟悉这个街区，你就会知道这里的孩子是什么样子的了。

Linguists currently [have little understanding of](bold) the exact cause of language change.

目前，语言学家对语言变化的真正原因知之甚少。

How can we [gain an understanding of](bold) other cultures?

我们怎样才能了解其他文化呢？

Over time, you will get [a](bold) far [better understanding of](bold) the job.

经过一段时间以后，你对这个工作的了解会多得多。

Success depends on [a clear understanding of](bold) the problem.

只有认清问题，才能获得成功。

[a basic understanding of](bold) AIDS prevention

[come to/reach an understanding](bold)(=stop arguing and agree)

My father was furious at first, but eventually we came to an understanding.

起初爸爸很生气，不过我们最后取得了一致意见。

We [had an understanding](bold) that Jean-Claude should never be mentioned.

我们有一个共识，永远不提让－克洛德。

the ability to understand people’s behaviour and to forgive them when they do something wrong

The principal listened to the boy’s story with sympathy and understanding.

校长满怀同情和理解地倾听那个男孩的讲述。

the way in which someone judges the meaning of something

According to my understanding of the letter, it means something quite different.

根据我对这封信的理解，它的意思完全是另外一回事。

if you agree to something on the understanding that something else will be done, you agree to it, believing that it will be done

以 …为条件，在认为 …的情况下

Jack lent Sarah the money on the understanding that she would pay it back next month.

杰克把钱借给了萨拉，相信她会在下月归还。


understanding

sympathetic and kind about other people’s problems

→see THESAURUS at [sympathetic](->sympathetic)

Luckily, I have a very understanding boss.

幸运的是，我有一个非常通情达理的上司。


understatement

a statement that is not strong enough to express how good, bad, impressive etc something really is

不充分的陈述，轻描淡写的陈述

To say the movie was bad [is an understatement](bold).

说这部电影不好还算是客气的。

‘It wasn’t very easy to find the house.’ ‘That’s got to be [the understatement of the year](bold)!’

“这房子不是很好找。” “那可是本年度最轻描淡写的说法了！”

the practice of making something seem to have less of a particular quality than it really has

‘We have not done quite well enough,’ Macmillan said, with characteristic understatement.

“我们做得还不够好。”麦克米伦以他特有的低调态度说道。


undertake

Every task he undertook was tackled with great determination.

The work is being undertaken by team of experts.

Students may undertake full-time supervised research leading to the award of a Ph.D.

The Court of Appeal decided to undertake a review of the Law.

You should not undertake a long journey if you are unwell.

I’m rarely asked to undertake teaching duties these days.

(=not to be started without serious thought, for example because it is difficult)

It was not a voyage to be undertaken lightly.

[past tense](italic) [undertook](bold) /-ˈtʊk/ [past participle](italic) [undertaken](bold) /-ˈteɪkən/

to accept that you are responsible for a piece of work, and start to do it

[undertake a task/a project/research/a study etc](bold)

Dr Johnson undertook the task of writing a comprehensive English dictionary.

约翰逊博士担负起编写一本综合性英语词典的工作。

→see THESAURUS at [promise](->promise) 1

He undertook to pay the money back in six months.

他保证在六个月之内还钱。


undertaking

ˌʌndəˈteɪkɪŋ

an important job, piece of work, or activity that you are responsible for

Starting a new business can be a risky undertaking.

创办新企业有时是一件有风险的事情。

Both organizations [gave](bold) an [undertaking](bold) to curb violence among their members.

两个组织都作出承诺要约束其成员的暴力行为。


underwater

ˌʌndəˈwɔːtə◂

ˌʌndərˈwɒːtər◂, -ˈwɑː-

[underwater](bold) adv. eg: He dived underwater and swam away.

below the surface of an area of water, or able to be used there


underway

[be under way](bold) at → [way](->way) 1 sense 10

The project is already [well underway](bold).

Your peace will be shattered when the tourist season [gets underway](bold)(=starts).

一到旅游旺季，你的宁静生活就被打乱了。

something such as a boat or train that is underway is moving

〔船、火车等〕在行进中的


underwear

clothes that you wear next to your body under your other clothes

You just need to take a change of underwear.

你只需带一套换洗的内衣。


undesirable

ˌʌndɪˈzaɪərəbəl◂

something or someone that is undesirable is not welcome or wanted because they may affect a situation or person in a bad way

不受欢迎的；不合意的；讨厌的

The drug may have other undesirable effects.

这种药可能会有其他副作用。


undesirable

someone who is considered to be immoral, criminal, or socially unacceptable

security measures to keep out undesirables

阻止不良分子进入的保安措施


undo

[past tense](italic) [undid](bold) /-ˈdɪd/ [past participle](italic) [undone](bold) /-ˈdʌn/ [third person singular](italic) [undoes](bold) /-ˈdʌz/

to open something that is tied, fastened, or wrapped

解开，打开，松开〔某物〕

to try to remove the bad effects of something you have done

We cannot [undo the damage](bold) of a lifetime in only 30 days.

我们不能在短短的30天内消除影响一生的伤害。

If a medicine is taken again too soon, it may undo all the good that has been done.

如果服用一种药物时间间隔过短，可能会抵消所有已产生的药效。

to remove the effect of your previous action on a computer

撤销〔先前的计算机指令〕


undone

One of these buttons has [come undone](bold).

The washing-up had been [left undone](bold).

In the end, Othello is undone by his jealousy.

最后，奥赛罗被自己的嫉妒心毁了。


undoubtedly

used for saying that something is definitely true

Undoubtedly, public interest in folk music has declined.

无疑，大众对民间音乐的兴趣减退了。