hair

[have a good/fine/thick etc head of hair](bold) at → [head](->head) 1 sense 14 [not see hide nor hair of](bold) at → [hide](->hide) 2 sense 5 [split hairs](bold) at → [split](->split) 1 sense 8

He’s about six feet tall, with dark hair and blue eyes.

She had shiny jet black hair, and skin as white as snow.

Her long fair hair fell untidily over her shoulders.

the beautiful girl with the long golden hair

He wore his long, sandy brown hair in a ponytail.

I have pale, mousy hair that is dull and lacks shine.

He gazed at her long neck and beautiful auburn hair.

Her father’s hair was starting to turn silver.

I like your hair when it’s short like that.

When he was young, his hair was thick and curly.

She had dark frizzy hair which might have been permed.

Her golden wavy hair fell around her shoulders.

Her hair is so fine, it’s difficult to style.

(=stiff and standing up on top of your head)

How do you keep your hair in such perfect condition?

If your hair is out of condition, this may be because you are eating the wrong foods.

She combed her hair until it was all glossy.

her lustrous dark hair flowing on to her shoulders

(=becoming thinner because you are losing your hair)

(=gradually disappearing, so that it is high on your forehead)

The man was in his late thirties, and his hair was receding slightly.

His face was bright red and his hair looked dishevelled.

(=a little untidy, in a way that looks attractive)

his youthfully handsome face and tousled hair that hung untidily over his collar

Her hair was all windswept when they came off the beach.

He cleaned his teeth and brushed his hair.

(=change its colour, especially using chemicals)

I’m growing my hair long, but it’s taking forever.

He was a small, round man who was losing his hair.

He ran his fingers through her smooth silky hair.

He patted me on the back and ruffled my hair.

Genes control characteristics such as hair colour and eye colour.

The survey showed that 75% of women have used hair dye.

She brushed away a strand of hair from her eyes.

She tossed a stray lock of hair back off her forehead.

the mass of things like fine threads that grows on your head

a short fat man with no hair on his head

他是一个浅色头发的高个子。

[Hair](bold)  is only used as an uncountable noun in this meaning: He has black hair.
Don’t say: [He has black hairs.](strike)

one of the long fine things like thread that grows on people’s heads and on other parts of their bodies, or similar things that grow on animals

〔人的〕头发，毛，汗毛；〔动物的〕茸毛，毛(发)

The cat has left white hairs all over the sofa.

那猫的白色猫毛掉得满沙发都是。

to be very worried or angry about something, especially because you do not know what to do

〔尤因不知怎么办而〕极其绝望；〔因焦急、愤怒而〕撕扯自己的头发

Anyone else would have been tearing their hair out trying to follow these instructions.

换了谁来遵从这些指令都会急得焦头烂额的。

to enjoy yourself and start to relax, especially after working very hard

玩乐放松〔尤指在辛勤工作之后〕

The party gave us all a chance to really let our hair down.

这次聚会给了我们所有人一个痛快玩乐的机会。

a day when your hair does not look tidy or neat even when you try to arrange it carefully – used humorously

头发蓬乱的一天，倒霉的一天〔幽默用法〕

I’m [having](bold) a bit of [a bad hair day](bold).

used to tell someone to keep calm and not get annoyed

All right, all right, keep your hair on! I’m sorry.

好啦，好啦，别发火！对不起。

to annoy someone, especially by always being near them

惹恼某人，〔尤指〕烦扰某人

if a story, experience etc makes your hair curl, it is very surprising, frightening, or shocking

〔故事、经历等〕使人大吃一惊[毛骨悚然]

to remain completely calm when something bad or surprising suddenly happens

处之泰然，面不改色，从容不迫

alcohol that you drink to cure a headache caused by drinking too much alcohol the night before – used humorously


haircut

when you have a haircut, someone cuts your hair for you

to agree to accept less money for something

They may have to take a haircut on their investment.

他们可能只有接受投资亏损这一事实了。


hairdresser

a person who cuts, washes, and arranges people’s hair in particular styles

I have a hairdresser’s appointment this afternoon.

a man whose job is to cut men’s hair and sometimes to shave them

someone who cuts or arranges people’s hair as their job

someone whose job is to give beauty treatments to your skin, hair etc

Her beautician told her she had problem skin.


hairdryer

a machine that blows out hot air for drying hair


hairstyle

the style in which someone’s hair has been cut or shaped


half

You say [one and a half](bold) , [two and a half](bold)  etc: She is two and a half.
Don’t say: [one and half](strike)  [two and half](strike)

The phrases [one and a half](bold) , [two and a half](bold)  etc are followed by a plural noun: We were there for one and a half days.
Don’t say: [We were there for one and a half day.](strike)

You can use [half (of)](bold)  with a plural noun and a plural verb: Only half the citizens [vote](bold).

You can use [half (of)](bold)  with an uncountable noun and a singular verb: Half the food [was](bold) wasted.

You say [half (of) the](bold) : I’ve only read half the story.
Don’t say: [I’ve only read the half story.](strike)

[predeterminer](bold) [pron](bold) [adj](bold) <[only before noun](bold)>

exactly or about 50% (½) of an amount, time, distance, number etc

Over half of the children live in one-parent families.

半数以上的孩子生活在单亲家庭。

Only half the guests had arrived by seven o’clock.

7点钟前只来了一半客人。

If you look at our members, at least half are women.

看看我们的会员，至少有一半是女性。

沿这条路走大约半英里就到了。

You can’t just waltz in a half hour late.

你不可以迟到半小时才大摇大摆地进来。

沿这条路走大约半英里就到了。

It’s only half the size of a normal violin.

它只有普通小提琴的一半大。

They offered to pay half the cost of repairs.

他们提出支付一半的修理费用。

We missed half of what he said because someone was talking.

因为有人讲话，他大半的话我们都没听到。

She seems to be asleep [half the time](bold).

她似乎多半时间都在睡觉。

Getting covered in mud is [half the fun](bold).

很大一部分乐趣在于浑身沾满泥巴。

(also: [half one/two/three etc](bold) ([BrE](bold)) (spoken) )

1点半/2点半/3点半等

我是6点半左右打电话的。

We’ll be there by seven or half past(=half past seven).

我们会在7点或7点半前到那儿。

There were half a dozen other people in front of me.

a small opportunity to do something, especially one which someone would take eagerly

I’d go to university if I [got half the chance](bold).

要是我有一丁点机会，我就去上大学。

Many kids would sleep till noon [given half a chance](bold).

只要有机会，很多孩子会睡到中午。

if you have half an eye on something, or if you are listening with half an ear, you are giving only part of your attention to it

心不在焉[不全神贯注]地看/听

He listened with only half an ear and his thoughts wandered.

他心不在焉地听着，思绪游移不定。

The teacher kept half an eye on them all through the lesson.

整堂课上老师分出一部分注意力留意着他们。

used to say that when you have done the most difficult part of an activity, the rest is easy

Getting the audience to like you is half the battle.

让观众喜欢你意味着成功了一大半。

Hold on, this will only take half a second.

an explanation that is not complete, used especially to say that someone is trying to keep something secret

Journalists are convinced that she was only telling them half the story.

记者们确信她只告诉了他们部分真相。

used to say that you would like to do something but you probably will not do it

有点想做某事〔但很可能不做〕

He had half a mind to ask for his money back.

I have half a mind to tell your mother about this.

我有点想把这事告诉你母亲。

actions or methods that are not strong enough, and so are not effective in dealing with a difficult problem

折中的办法，不彻底的行动

这时候不痛不痒的办法行不通。

something that is less than what you wanted or asked for, but that you might accept because it is better than nothing


half

(=make something 50% smaller or 50% less)

The company has reduced the number of staff by half.

The number of passengers using the service has increased by half.

He graduated in the top half of his law school class.

The upper half of the door contained a stained glass window.

The northern half of the city is generally poorer.

Profits doubled in the first half of the year.

Half the patients were given the drug and the other half were given a sugar pill.

He struggled with ill health in the latter half of his life.

[plural](italic) halves /hɑːvz/ US /hævz/

[one/two etc and a half](bold)(=1½, 2½ etc)

[first/second/other half (of sth)](bold)

He kept the other half of the cake for himself.

他把另一半蛋糕留给了自己。

[top/bottom/northern etc half (of sth)](bold)

A veil covered the lower half of her face.

面纱遮住了她的下半边脸。

[break/cut/tear etc sth in half](bold)(=into two equal parts)

[reduce/cut sth by half](bold)(=make something 50% smaller)

one of the two parts into which a sports event is divided

France played very well in the first half.

法国队上半场打得非常好。

a player who plays in the middle part of the field in sports like football,rugby etc

〔足球、英式橄榄球等的〕前卫

the 23-year-old Newcastle [centre half](bold)

给我来半品脱拉格啤酒好吗？

a child’s ticket, for example on a bus or train, that is cheaper than an adult’s ticket

到滑铁卢，一张全票，一张半票，谢谢。

used when you think that something is very unusual or surprising, or very good

used to emphasize that a situation is more difficult, complicated, or unpleasant than people realize

整个情况的一部分〔用于强调比人们所意识到的更难、更复杂或更糟〕

Everyone knows she’s a difficult girl, but they [don’t know the half of it](bold).

大家都知道她是个难相处的女孩，但却不知道她还有更糟糕的一面。

used humorously to mean your husband, wife, or partner

你的另一半〔幽默用法，指丈夫、妻子或伴侣〕

to do something very eagerly and using a lot of care and effort

做某事不半途而废，善始善终地做某事

I’m sure it will be a fantastic wedding. Eva never does anything by halves.

我肯定婚礼一定会办得非常出色。伊娃办事从不马虎。

to share something, especially the cost of something, equally between two people

〔两人〕平均分摊(某物的费用)；平分，对半分

你要和我合买一个比萨饼吗？

very clever, rich etc in an annoying way

how people who are much richer or much poorer than you manage their lives, work, money etc

富人[穷人]是怎样过日子的


half

他的身体一半在水中，一半露在水面上。

She was standing there half dressed, putting on her make-up.

她衣服穿了一半，站在那里化着妆。

if something is half one thing and half something else, it is a combination of those two things

一半〔表示某事物是两种事物的结合〕

他有一半英格兰血统，一半瑞士血统。

used to emphasize something bad, to say that it is almost an extremely bad thing

极其，非常〔强调情况很糟〕

I had been driven half out of my mind with worry.

half the size, amount etc of something else

The new machine has all the same functions, but is only half as large.

这台新机器功能和原来的一样，但体积只有原来的一半大。

larger by an amount that is equal to half the original size

A flat in London costs almost half as much again as a flat in Glasgow.

伦敦的公寓价格几乎比格拉斯哥高出一半。

not half as/so good/interesting etc (as sb/sth)

much less good, less interesting etc than someone or something else

远不如(某人/某物)好/有趣等

The movie wasn’t half as entertaining as the book.

这部电影远不如原书好看。

She can’t love you half as much as I do.

used when you want to emphasize an opinion or statement

She doesn’t half talk once she gets started.

她只要一打开话匣子就没个完。

an expression meaning good, used especially when you are rather surprised that something is good

相当好，不错〔尤指出乎意料〕

实际上，这次聚会很不错。

The group was about half and half, complete beginners and people with some experience.

这个小组里有的完全是新手，有的有一些经验，差不多各占一半。


half-brother

a brother who is the son of only one of your parents

同父异母[同母异父]的兄弟


half-hearted

ˌhɑːf ˈhɑːtɪd◂

done without much effort and without much interest in the result

半心半意的，敷衍了事的，不热心的

Congress has made half-hearted attempts at finance reform.

国会尝试了一下金融改革，却没有尽力而为。


half-sister

a sister who is the daughter of only one of your parents

同父异母[同母异父]的姐妹


halfway

[meet sb halfway](bold) at → [meet](->meet) 1 sense 19

at a middle point in space or time between two things

〔空间或时间的〕中间(的)，半途(的)

他追凯文一直追到楼梯的中间。

It was a terrible film – I left halfway through.

这部电影太烂，我看到一半就离场了。

traffic queues stretching back halfway to London

中途停滞、一路排到伦敦的汽车长龙

They’ve just reached the halfway stage of the project.

此项目他们刚刚进行到一半。

to have done something that will allow you to achieve something else

Establish the right relationships at work and you’re halfway there.

在工作中建立恰当的人际关系，你就成功了一半。

to achieve something partly but not completely

We’re still only halfway to finishing the job.

我们离完成工作还有一半进程呢。

这里唯一一家还算体面的宾馆


hall

the area just inside the door of a house or other building, that leads to other rooms

〔住宅的〕门厅，〔正门入口处的〕走廊

We hung our coats in a cupboard in the hall.

我们把外套挂在门厅的衣柜里。

a passage in a building or house that leads to many of the rooms

〔建筑物内的〕走廊，过道

Each floor had ten rooms on both sides of the hall.

每一层在走廊的两边都各有十个房间。

a building or large room for public events such as meetings or dances

Five hundred people filled the lecture hall.

500名听众把演讲厅都挤满了。

[church/village hall](bold)(=used by people who live in a place)

A coffee morning is to be held in the village hall.

村礼堂要举行一次咖啡早会。

卡内基音乐厅的一场音乐会

→ [city hall](->city hall) sense 2 → [concert hall](->concert hall) → [dance hall](->dance hall) → [music hall](->music hall) sense 2 → [town hall](->town hall)

a college or university building where students live

〔学院或大学的〕学生宿舍

For a brief time Tom and Dave had shared a room in hall.

汤姆和戴夫短暂合住过一间学生宿舍。


Halloween

the night of October 31st, which is now celebrated by children, who dress in costumes and go from house to house asking for sweets, especially in the US and Canada. In the past, people believed the souls of dead people appeared on Halloween.

万圣节前夕〔10月31日之夜〕


hallway

〔住宅的〕门厅，〔正门入口处的〕走廊

〔建筑物内的〕走廊，过道


halt

(=make something or someone stop moving)

Paris was brought to a halt by striking transport workers.

In front of them, the truck gradually slowed down and came to a halt.

(=something stops very slowly – used for emphasis)

Just ahead, he could see traffic grinding to a halt.

sth screeches/shudders/skids/jolts to a halt

(=a vehicle stops very quickly and noisily – used for emphasis)

The car skidded to a halt and three men jumped out.

As the train drew to a halt, people started to get off.

The government has called for a halt to the violence.

(=officially say that something must stop)

Judge Marquez ordered a halt to logging on Indian lands.

Irish farmers demanded a halt to imports of British cattle.

The news put a halt to our celebrations.

His career came to an abrupt halt when he was seriously injured in a road accident.

My happiness was brought to a sudden halt by the death of my father.

Bad weather brought the game to a premature halt.

The game was brought to a temporary halt when the floodlights failed.

The government called for an immediate halt to the fighting.

Wendy had slowed down, almost to a complete halt.

(=one that happens slowly – used for emphasis)

One accident can bring the whole road system to a grinding halt.

(=one in which a vehicle shakes noisily as it stops moving)

He slammed his foot on the brake pedal, bringing the truck to a shuddering halt.

Heavy snowfalls [brought](bold) traffic [to a halt](bold)(=made it stop moving).

The World Championship was [brought to a](bold) temporary [halt](bold)(=was stopped from continuing).

[come/grind/screech etc to a halt](bold)(=stop moving or continuing)

The whole peace process seems to have ground to a halt.

整个和平进程似乎已经停滞。

The president has [called for a halt to](bold) the wave of emigration.

总统呼吁遏制移民国外的热潮。

I urge those responsible to call a halt to the violence.

我敦促肇事者停止暴力行径。

a place in the countryside where a train stops to let passengers get off, but where there is no station

〔乡村地区没有车站建筑物的〕小火车站


halt

to prevent someone or something from continuing – used especially in news reports

The government has failed to halt economic decline.

Safety concerns have led them to halt work on the dam.

出于安全方面的顾虑，他们已经停止水坝的施工。

[Halt](bold)  is mainly used in journalism. In everyday English, people usually say [stop](bold) :

They had to [stop](bold) the building work.

游行队伍在一个热闹的拐角处停下了。

used as a military order to tell someone to stop moving or soldiers to stop marching


halve

Cash cuts have halved the number of places available on training courses.

经费削减使培训名额减少了一半。

to cut or divide something into two equal pieces


ham

the upper part of a pig’s leg, or the meat from this that has been preserved with salt or smoke

someone who receives and sends radio messages for fun rather than as their job

an actor who performs with too much false emotion

演技做作的演员，表演过火的演员


ham

[past tense and past participle](italic) [hammed](bold) [present participle](italic) [hamming](bold)

to perform with too much false emotion when acting


hamburger

a flat round piece of finely cut beefmeat from a cow which is cooked and eaten in a bread bun

beef that has been cut into very small pieces


hammer

a tool with a heavy metal part on a long handle, used for hitting nails into wood

a tool like this with a wooden head used to make something flat, make a noise etc

an event that damages something very seriously

The decision is a hammer blow for the coal industry.

这一决定对于煤炭业是一个沉重的打击。

if people go at each other hammer and tongs, they fight or argue very loudly

〔打斗或争吵〕激烈地，闹哄哄地

if someone does something hammer and tongs, they do it with all their energy

the part of a gun that hits the explosive charge that fires a bullet

a heavy metal ball on a wire with a handle at the end, which you throw as far as possible as a sport

a wooden part of a piano that hits the strings inside to make a musical sound


hammer

to hit something with a hammer in order to force it into a particular position or shape

Hammer the nails into the back of the frame.

All afternoon, Martin had been hammering away in the conservatory.

整个下午马丁一直在温室里埋头苦干。

to hit something many times, especially making a loud noise

The rain was hammering against the window.

to hurt someone or something by causing them a lot of problems

British industry was being hammered by the recession.

英国工业正受到经济衰退的冲击。

Robinson hammered the ball into the goal.

to strongly criticize or attack someone for something they have said or done

The president has been hammered for his lack of leadership.

总统因领导无方而受到猛烈抨击。

to make sure that people understand something by repeating it many times

〔向人们〕反复说明某事；强调某事

The message must be hammered home that crime doesn’t pay.

这一点必须反复强调——犯罪是划不来的。

if your heart hammers, you feel it beating strongly and quickly

She stood outside the door, her heart hammering.

她站在门外，心怦怦直跳。

〔在体育比赛中〕彻底击败

阿森纳队以5比0大败曼联队。


hamper

to make it difficult for someone to do something

She tried to run, but was hampered by her heavy suitcase.

她想跑，但沉重的旅行箱拖累了她。

An attempt to rescue the men has been hampered by bad weather.

对那几名男子的营救行动受到恶劣天气的阻碍。


hamper

a basket with a lid, which is used for carrying food or sending it to someone as a present

有盖篮子〔用于盛装食品或作为礼篮〕

他们送给我们一个精美的圣诞礼篮。

a large basket that you put dirty clothes in until they can be washed

〔放置待洗脏衣服的〕洗衣筐


hand

→ [cash-in-hand](->cash-in-hand) → [freehand](->freehand) → [hands-on](->hands-on) → [left-hand](->left-hand) → [right-hand](->right-hand) [be an old hand (at sth)](bold) at → [old](->old) sense 17 [bite the hand that feeds you](bold) at → [bite](->bite) 1 sense 15 [have blood on your hands](bold) at → [blood](->blood) 1 sense 2 [have your hands/fingers in the till](bold) at → [till](->till) 2 sense 3 [force sb’s hand](bold) at → [force](->force) 2 sense 7 [overplay your hand](bold) at → [overplay](->overplay) sense 2 [shake sb’s hand/shake hands with sb](bold) at → [shake](->shake) 1 sense 4 [wash your hands of sth](bold) at → [wash](->wash) 1 sense 5

(=the hand someone is not already using)

Amy was stroking the dog with her free hand.

(=stretched out towards someone or something)

She took her father’s outstretched hand and began to walk from the room.

Hamil shook the dice in his cupped hand.

Marta waved a hand to attract his attention.

They were singing and clapping their hands.

Joanne and Kevin held hands on the sofa.

‘Nice to meet you,’ he said, as they shook hands.

He reached across the table and took her hand in his.

(=hold someone’s hand in order to take them somewhere)

She took the boy by the hand and led him across the street.

(=take hold of the hands of people on either side of you)

They stood in a circle and joined hands.

Emily clasped her hands together and stood there nervously.

(=put your hands together and rest them on something)

(=lift your hand, especially when you want to ask or answer a question)

If you know the answer, raise your hand.

His hands trembled as he lifted the cup.

His other hand was holding his mobile phone.

Her hands gripped the steering wheel very tightly.

He felt Connor’s hand grasp his shoulder.

The disease means she has trouble controlling her hand movements.

(=a movement of your hand to show what you mean)

He made a rude hand gesture at the other driver.

They got down on their hands and knees to search.

The phone could fit into the palm of his hand.

Let a dog sniff the back of your hand, rather than your fingers.

(=without using a tool, weapon, machine etc)

With his bare hands he forced the doors apart.

the part of your body at the end of your arm, including your fingers and thumb, that you use to hold things

Steve gripped the steering wheel tightly with both hands.

In her hand was a tattered old photograph.

她手中拿着的是一张破旧的老照片。

help with something – used in the following phrases

If you get stuck, Denise is always willing to lend a hand.

如果你有困难，丹尼丝总是乐于帮忙。

[I could do with a hand/use a hand](bold)(=it would be useful to have some help)

[a helping hand](bold) at → [help](->help) 1 sense 9

control, power, or influence that someone has

The president has [strengthened the hand of](bold) the gun lobby.

总统给枪支游说团体撑了腰。

This matter is too important to be left [in the hands of](bold)(=in the control of) an inexperienced lawyer.

这件事情事关重大，不能交给没有经验的律师来处理。

a manager with [a firm hand](bold)(=who controls things strictly)

if a situation or person gets out of hand, they become impossible to control any longer

The demonstration was getting out of hand.

(also: [on the one hand ... on the other hand](bold) )

used to give another opinion or fact that should be considered as well as the one you have just given

另一方面；一方面 …，另一方面 …

I’d like to eat out, but on the other hand I should be trying to save money.

我想出去吃饭，但另一方面我又该省钱。

→ Don’t say ‘on one hand’. Say [on the one hand](bold).

used to say that someone cannot have, take, or touch something

喂，别碰那张CD！它是我的！

Tell your little brother to [keep](bold) his [hands off](bold) my car.

告诉你的小弟弟别碰我的汽车。

if something is in hand, it is being done or dealt with

Plans are in hand to perform ‘Oz’ next semester.

目前正在筹划下学期演出《绿野仙踪》的事。

Lisa seemed to [have](bold) things [in hand](bold) by the time he returned.

他回来的时候莉萨好像手头有事在忙。

Our officers have to concentrate 100 per cent on the task in hand.

我们的官员必须将全部注意力都集中在要处理的事情上。

[take sb in hand](bold)(=begin to deal with someone’s problems etc)

if you work a week, a month etc in hand, you do not get paid until after you have worked two weeks, two months etc

押〔一周、一个月等的工资〕先干活〔即工作两周、两个月等后领薪〕

if you have time, money etc in hand, you have it available

I usually have a few days’ leave in hand at the end of the year.

年底的时候通常我手头会有几天假期。

if a team or player has a game in hand in a competition, they still have another game to play in which they could gain more points

〔球队或球员〕还有一场比赛

being dealt with or cared for by someone

The matter is in the hands of the police.

You can be sure your children are in good hands.

你可以放心，你的孩子会被照顾得很好。

The fear is that nuclear secrets could [fall into the wrong hands](bold).

令人担心的是核机密可能落入敌人之手。

[a safe pair of hands](bold) at → [safe](->safe) 1 sense 12

→ Don’t say ‘in the hand of someone’. Say [in the hands of someone](bold).

with your arms straight up in the air – used especially to tell someone to do this as a sign that they will not attack you

举起手来〔尤用于命令某人做投降的姿态〕

The men emerged from the building with their hands up.

几名男子举着双手从楼里走了出来。

used to tell people to put their arm straight up in the air if they know the answer to a question or want to say something

Hands up if you agree with what Eric was saying.

Recent economic performance suggests that a major crisis is at hand.

最近的经济状况预示着一场重大危机可能即将到来。

别担心，随时有人可以帮你！

Peter turned his attention to the task at hand.

彼得将注意力转移到手头的工作上。

something that is to hand is close to you, so that you can reach it easily

我们的员工会随时提供帮助。

done or made by a person rather than a machine

我们只得手洗自己的衣服。

delivered by someone personally, rather than being sent through the post, emailed etc

if you know or experience something first hand, you have personal experience of it

第一手的[地]；直接的[地]

a chance to view at first hand the workings of the court

亲眼见识法庭工作方式的机会

if you know something second, third etc hand, someone tells you about it, but you have no personal experience of it

Until now, information has been second or third hand, but this news comes from someone who was there.

此前只有间接的消息，但这一消息却来自现场人员。

caused or done by a particular person – used about something bad or unpleasant that someone does

Anyone who [suffered at the hands of](bold) care workers will be entitled to compensation.

任何在护理员那里吃过苦头的人都有资格获得赔偿。

This is their third defeat at the hands of the world champions.

这是他们第三次败在世界冠军队手下了。

She’s only marrying him to get her hands on his money.

她嫁给他只是图他的钱财。

I would read any book I could lay my hands on.

凡是我能到手的书我都要看。

if something comes to hand, it is there for you to use – used especially about something that is there by chance

They ran, picking up [whatever](bold) weapons [came to hand](bold).

他们不管什么武器拿起来就跑。

to influence or be involved in something

if two things go hand in hand, they are closely connected

Wealth and power go hand in hand in most societies.

在大多数社会里，财富和权力都是密切相关的。

They say that genius often goes hand in hand with madness.

他们说天才往往都是疯子。

if two people walk, stand etc hand in hand, they walk, stand etc while they are holding each other’s hand

They walked hand in hand in silence up the path.

他们手拉手，默默地沿着小路走去。

to have a difficult job, problem, situation etc to deal with

手头有某事/某人待处理〔指困难的事情、问题等〕

I’m afraid we have a murder on our hands, Inspector.

我们恐怕有一宗谋杀案要处理，警督。

if something or someone is off your hands, you are not responsible for them anymore

Once this problem is off our hands we can relax for a while.

这个问题一脱手，我们就可以放松一下了。

She wants someone to take the kids off her hands occasionally.

她希望偶尔有人能替她带一下孩子。

to try to do something you have not tried before

John dreamed of being a writer and had tried his hand at poetry.

约翰梦想成为作家，已尝试过写诗。

to do something well, even if it is the first time you have tried

能做好某事〔即使是第一次尝试的事〕

Larry’s one of those men who can turn their hand to anything.

拉里是那种什么事都做得来的人。

without even stopping to consider what someone has suggested, asked for etc

[reject/dismiss/refuse etc sth out of hand](bold)

Aromatherapy was dismissed out of hand by traditional doctors.

传统的医生武断地认为香薰疗法根本不值一提。

Nigel always won hands down in any argument.

无论争辩什么，奈杰尔总是毫不费劲地获胜。

Can’t it wait? I already have my hands full.

那件事不能等一下吗？我已经忙得团团转了。

to do hard or dirty physical work – usually used in questions or negative statements

干体力活，干脏活〔通常用于疑问句或否定句中〕

It’s not that the jobs aren’t there, it’s just that she doesn’t want to get her hands dirty.

不是没有事做，只是她不想干脏活累活。

to get involved in the difficult, dishonest, or unpleasant side of something

牵连到困难[不诚实，讨厌]的事

He never talked to the media or got his hands dirty in any way.

他从来不和媒体打交道，也绝不去沾惹什么事情。

to do something that you used to do a lot, so you do not forget how to do it

You should at least work part-time, just to keep your hand in.

你至少应该做一份兼职工作，免得生疏了。

closely connected with someone, especially in an illegal activity

〔尤指在违法行为中〕关系密切，互相勾结

Far from being independent, the government and media work hand in glove.

if you gain or lose something hand over fist, you gain or lose it very quickly

〔获得或失去某物〕迅速地

Five years ago, the company was losing money hand over fist.

五年前，这家公司一下子亏了很多钱。

used to tell the people who are watching a performance to clap or cheer loudly

〔请观众〕热烈鼓掌，大声喝彩

Let’s all [give](bold) the girls [a big hand](bold).

我们大家都给女孩们热烈鼓掌加油吧。

(BrE also: [all hands to the pumps](bold) )

used to say that everyone is needed to help in a particular situation

With only half an hour to get everything ready, it was all hands on deck.

只有半小时就要把一切都准备好，这得人人出力了。

the left hand does not know what the right hand is doing

used to say that two parts of an organization that should be doing the same thing are each doing different things without the other knowing

〔同一机构中的两个部门〕各干各的，各自为政

someone who does physical work on a farm, factory, ship etc

〔农场、工厂或船上等的〕体力劳动者

the playing cards given to one person in a game

a long thin piece of metal that points at the numbers on a clock

if someone’s hands are tied, they cannot help in a particular situation because of rules, laws etc

某人受到约束〔因而无能为力〕

The bank claims its hands are tied by federal regulators.

银行声称受到联邦监管机构的约束。

to make it very difficult or impossible for someone to do what they think is best

can do sth with one hand (tied) behind your back

used to say that you can do something very easily

permission for a man to marry a particular woman

a unit for measuring the height of a horse, equal to about ten centimetres

一掌，掌宽〔用于量度马匹高度的单位，约10厘米〕


hand

hand around
hand back
hand down
hand in
hand on
hand out
hand over

to give something to someone else with your hand

He lit a cigarette and handed it to her.

This form must be handed to all employees.

这份表格必须发到所有雇员手中。

You have to hand it to her. She’s really made a success of that company.

你不得不佩服她，她的确把那家公司经营得很成功。


handbag

a small bag in which a woman carries money and personal things

used humorously to describe a situation in which two people are fighting, but in a way that is so weak or lacking in force that the fight is funny to watch

〔软弱无力的〕打闹〔幽默用法〕

Dennis looked like he threw a punch, but it was just handbags.

丹尼斯看似挥了一拳，其实只是装样子。


handbook

a short book that gives information or instructions about something


handful

an amount that you can hold in your hand

The boy picked up a handful of stones and started throwing them at us.

那男孩捡起一把石子，开始朝我们扔过来。

几个人[物]，少数人[物]

There were only a handful of people there.

someone, especially a child, who is a handful is difficult to control

是难管教[控制]的人〔尤指孩子〕

She’s a lovely child, but she can be a bit of a handful sometimes.

她是个可爱的孩子，不过有时候会比较难管。


handicap

if someone has a handicap, a part of their body or their mind has been permanently injured or damaged. Many people think that this word is offensive.

〔身体或智力上的〕残障，残疾〔许多人认为此词具有冒犯性〕

a situation that makes it difficult for someone to do what they want

Not speaking the language is a real handicap.

不会讲这种语言的确是一个障碍。

an advantage that is given to a weaker player in a game of golf

〔高尔夫球比赛中的〕差点

He’s improved a lot, and his handicap has come down from 18 to 12.

他的球技进步很大，差点已从18降为12。

a race for horses in which the best horses carry extra weight so that all the horses have an equal chance of winning

〔给最好的马额外负重的〕让步赛


handicap

[past tense and past participle](italic) [handicapped](bold) [present participle](italic) [handicapping](bold)

to make it difficult for someone to do something that they want or need to do

The charity is handicapped by lack of funds.

这个慈善机构因为缺乏资金难以开展工作。


handkerchief

a piece of cloth that you use for drying your nose or eyes


handle

to do the things that are necessary to complete a job

大部分文书工作是我做的。

The case is being handled by a top lawyer.

此案正由一位顶尖律师负责处理。

The finance department handles all the accounts.

Computers can handle huge amounts of data.

to deal with a situation or problem by behaving in a particular way and making particular decisions

应付〔局面〕，处理〔难题〕

The headmaster handled the situation very well.

校长很好地处理了这一情况。

我知道这件事我处理得很糟糕。

把它交给我吧，我能应付的。

Most customers were satisfied with the way their complaints were handled.

大多数客人对自己投诉的受理方式感到满意。

Opposition leaders will be watching carefully to see how the prime minister handles the crisis.

反对党领导人将密切注意首相如何处理这一危机。

to deal with a person or behave towards them in a particular way, especially in order to keep them happy

Some customers are quite difficult to handle.

to not become upset in a difficult situation

She can’t handle it when people criticize her.

to touch something or pick it up and hold it in your hands

We teach the children to handle the animals gently.

我们教孩子们接触动物时动作要温柔。

to control the movement of a vehicle or an animal

I didn’t know if I’d be able to handle such a large vehicle.

我不知道我能不能驾驶这么大一辆车。

the way a vehicle handles is how easy it is to control

The car handles well, even on wet roads.

这辆汽车很好开，即使在湿滑的路上也没问题。

The Post Office handles nearly 2 billion letters and parcels over the Christmas period.

圣诞节期间邮政局要处理近20亿件信件和包裹。

Bennet was charged with [handling stolen goods](bold).


handle

[fly off the handle](bold) at → [fly](->fly) 1 sense 16

the part of a door that you use for opening it

然后他转动把手走了进去。

the part of an object that you use for holding it

to start to understand a situation, subject etc

It’s difficult to get a handle on how widespread this problem is.

很难了解这个问题的普遍程度。


handlebars

[n](bold) <[plural](bold)> also: [handlebar](bold) <[C](bold)>

the bar above the front wheel of a bicycle or motorcycle that you turn to control its direction

〔自行车或摩托车的〕把手


handout

money or goods that are given to someone, for example because they are poor

people who have to live on handouts from the state

必须依赖国家发放的救济金生活的人们

a piece of paper with information, which is given to people who are attending a lesson, meeting etc

〔分发给听众的〕材料，讲义，印刷品


handsome

[handsomely](bold) adv. eg: He was handsomely rewarded by the king.

In everyday English, people usually say [good-looking](bold)  rather than [handsome](bold) :

Her new boyfriend is really [good-looking](bold).

Sam was [tall, dark, and handsome](bold).

萨姆高大黝黑，相貌堂堂。

a woman who is handsome looks attractive in a strong healthy way

an animal, object, or building that is handsome looks attractive in an impressive way

〔动物、物体〕漂亮的，给人印象深的；〔建筑〕宏伟的，雄伟的

一排宏伟的乔治王朝时期的房子

He managed to make a [handsome profit](bold) out of the deal.

他从这笔买卖中赚取了丰厚的利润。

a handsome gift or prize is worth a lot of money

〔礼品、奖品〕贵重的，值钱的

There are some handsome prizes to be won.

a handsome victory is important and impressive

They won a handsome victory in the elections.

他们在选举中取得了重大的胜利。


handy

[comparative](italic) [handier](bold) [superlative](italic) [handiest](bold)

[It’s](bold) very [handy](bold) having a light above your desk.

Take your swimming trunks with you – they might [come in handy](bold)(=be useful).

带上你的游泳裤，可能会派上用场的。

I always [keep](bold) my gun [handy](bold) just in case.

Do you [have](bold) a piece of paper [handy](bold)?

The house was in Drury Lane, very handy for the theatre.

那房子在德鲁里街，离剧院很近。

good at using something, especially a tool

手巧的，灵活的，善用〔尤指工具〕的


hang

hang about
hang about with
hang around/round
hang around with
hang back
hang on
hang on to
hang out
hang over
hang together
hang up

[past tense and past participle](italic) [hung](bold) /hʌŋ/

to put something in a position so that the top part is fixed or supported, and the bottom part is free to move and does not touch the ground

Philip hung his coat on a hook behind the door.

菲利普把自己的大衣挂在门后的钩子上。

She hung the sheets on the washing line.

to be in a position where the top part is fixed or supported, and the bottom part is free to move and does not touch the ground

An old-fashioned gas lamp hung from the ceiling.

一盏老式煤气灯吊挂在天花板上。

Her long hair hung loose about her shoulders.

The shirt hung down almost to his ankles.

衬衫差不多都垂到他脚踝了。

to fix a picture, photograph etc to a wall

I wanted to hang the picture in the hall.

我想把这幅画挂在门厅里。

if a picture, photograph etc is hanging somewhere, it is fixed to a wall

There was a family photograph hanging on the wall.

if the walls of a room are hung with pictures or decorations, the pictures etc are on the walls

The entrance hall was hung with rich tapestries.

门厅的墙上挂着华丽的壁毯。

to kill someone by dropping them with a rope around their neck, or to die in this way, especially as a punishment for a serious crime

Corey hanged himself in his prison cell.

If he is found guilty, he will almost certainly hang.

如果被判有罪，他几乎肯定会被处以绞刑。

to fasten attractive paper to a wall in order to decorate a room

We spent the afternoon [hanging wallpaper](bold).

if something such as smoke hangs in the air, it stays in the air for a long time

The smoke from the bonfires hung in the air.

if a door, someone’s mouth etc hangs open, it is open

〔门、嘴巴等〕开着，张着

if something hangs in the balance, it is not certain what will happen to it

The future of the company hangs in the balance.

if something is hanging by a thread, it is in a very dangerous situation and may not continue

He is still in hospital, his life hanging by a thread.

他仍在医院里，命悬一线。

(also: [hang tough](bold) ([especially AmE](bold)) )

to remain brave and determined when you are in a difficult situation

She hung her head, not sure how to reply.

她垂下头，不知该如何回答。

Daphne had [hung](bold) her [head in shame](bold).

to wait for a short while before you do something

我想我们应该等一星期再说。

to leave something in a situation where it has not been explained, completed, or dealt with

His resignation has left some important questions hanging in the air.

他辞职后留下一些重要问题有待解决。

Go straight on for two blocks, then hang a left.

继续往前开两个街区，然后左转。

to spend time somewhere, relaxing and enjoying yourself

〔在某处〕消磨时间，休闲

We were just hanging with the dudes at Mike’s house.

我们只是在迈克家和几个哥们儿泡在一起。

used to express annoyance or to say that you will not allow something to happen

I’ll be hanged if I’ll give them any money!

used to say that you are disappointed or annoyed about something

见鬼，该死〔用于表示失望或厌烦〕

used to say that you are not going to do something

让某事见鬼去吧〔表示不想做某事〕

Oh hang the report, let’s go for a drink.

写什么鬼报告呀，我们去喝一杯吧。

I/you might as well be hanged for a sheep as (for) a lamb

used to say that, if a small action may have the same bad results for you as a larger one, there is no reason for not doing the larger thing


hang

to learn how to do something or use something

学会做某事；学会使用某物

It seems difficult at first, but you’ll soon get the hang of it.

开始时看上去挺难，不过很快你就会掌握的。


hangover

a pain in your head and a feeling of sickness that you get the day after you have drunk too much alcohol

→see THESAURUS at [headache](->headache)

I [had a](bold) terrible [hangover](bold) the next day.

第二天我的宿醉反应很厉害。

something from the past that still exists or happens but is no longer necessary or useful

旧时遗留之物〔已不需要或无用〕

This feeling was a hangover from her schooldays.

这种情感是她学生时代遗留下来的。

an institution which is a hangover from Victorian times

维多利亚时代留存下来的机构


happen

[accidents (will) happen](bold) at → [accident](->accident) sense 5

to happen – used especially when talking about events that have been planned or that have already happened

The conference will take place on the 16th of June.

The competition took place on Saturday 30th June.

to happen – used especially when talking about events that have not been planned

The incident occurred outside the police station at around 9 pm.

used when saying that a particular event happens

There was an earthquake about a week ago.

to happen – used about problems, questions, or opportunities

There aren’t any jobs at the moment, but we’ll let you know if something comes up.

This question often comes up when I’m talking to students.

to happen unexpectedly – used about problems, arguments, or difficult situations

A dispute arose about who should receive the money.

It is best to deal with the problem as soon as it arises.

to happen – used about problems or difficult situations, especially ones that are less serious, and can quickly be dealt with

The banks will contact their customers if a problem crops up.

to happen suddenly and unexpectedly – used about very bad events

Disaster struck, and he lost all movement in his legs.

when something happens, there is an event, especially one that is not planned

It’s impossible to predict what will happen next.

不可能预测接下来会发生什么。

She carried on as if nothing had happened.

她继续干，似乎什么都未曾发生。

This was [bound to happen](bold) sooner or later.

这事注定会发生，只是早晚的问题。

This kind of thing [happens all the time](bold).

We’ll still be friends, [whatever happens](bold).

不管发生什么，我们仍然是朋友。

something/anything/what happens to sb/sth

if something happens to someone or something, they are affected by an event

He should be here by now – something must have happened to him.

他现在应该到了，一定是发生了什么事。

The same thing happened to me last year.

去年，同样的事在我身上发生了。

What’s happened to your coat? It’s all ripped.

你的外套怎么了？都扯破了。

if you happen to do something, you do it by chance

我碰巧在城里看见詹姆斯。

used when telling someone something in an angry way

某人/某物碰巧[凑巧]是 …〔表示恼怒〕

used to tell someone something that is surprising, interesting, or useful

碰巧，正巧〔用于告诉某人惊讶、有趣或有用的事〕

As it happens, I know someone who might be able to help.

真巧，我正好认识一个人，这个人也许帮得上忙。

used to tell someone not to worry about a mistake they have made, an accident they have caused etc

这种事情难免会发生〔用于告诉某人别因自己犯了错、出了事等而担忧〕

It’s not your fault – these things happen.

这不是你的错，这是在所难免的。

used to ask where a person or thing is now

Whatever happened to Steve? I haven’t seen him for years.

史蒂夫哪里去了？我已经好久没见他了。


happily

So she married the prince, and they [lived happily ever after](bold)(=used at the end of children’s stories to say that someone was happy for the rest of their life).

她嫁给了王子，他们从此过着幸福的生活。

幸好，他的伤势并不严重。

Most restaurants will happily accept payment by credit card.

大多数餐馆会乐意接受信用卡付款。


happiness

the feeling you have when you enjoy doing something, or when something happens that you enjoy

Are you taking the trip for business or pleasure?

His music has given pleasure to a great many people over the years.

happy feelings, which show in your expression, your voice, and your behaviour

'Morning, everybody!' she said with a loud cheerfulness.

His normal cheerfulness seemed to have returned.

the feeling you have when you have done something well, or when something is as good as it should be

She stood back and looked at her work with satisfaction.

He gets a lot of satisfaction from helping young people in his coaching job.

Joey sighed with contentment, snuggling down in his warm bed.

The sisters hugged and cried tears of joy.

It was a day of great joy for the whole town.

the feeling you have when you are very pleased and excited because something good has happened

They watched with delight as their new son started walking.

To her delight, she discovered the perfect wedding present.

a feeling of very great happiness and great pleasure – used when something has a great effect on your senses

Lying in the warm sun and listening to the sea felt like sheer bliss complete bliss.

Her idea of bliss is to be curled up on the sofa watching a romantic comedy with a big bowl of popcorn.

The happy couple looked a picture of domestic bliss.

a feeling of great happiness and excitement, especially because you have achieved something or something good has happened to you

As they reached the top, the climbers experienced a moment of elation.

Her mood suddenly changed from tears and misery to a feeling of elation.

an extremely strong feeling of happiness and excitement, especially because you have achieved something, or because of the effects of a drug

The euphoria that new parents feel quickly changes to exhaustion.

The euphoria of Ireland’s amazing victory over England last Sunday has died away.

The drug produces a feeling of euphoria.

an extremely strong feeling of happiness and pleasure, especially sexual pleasure

It was a moment of sheer ecstasy complete ecstasy.

His grandchildren bring him great happiness.

(=having all the qualities which happiness should have)

At last, she found true happiness with a man she loved.

(=happiness that is as good as it can be)

The birth of my child was a moment of sheer happiness.

One of the greatest sources of human happiness is love.

In Oxford, he at last found personal happiness and intellectual fulfilment.

Leonie had found a lasting happiness in her relationship with Jim.

Living together before you marry is no guarantee of future happiness.

(=happiness that comes from family relationships and life at home)

After six years with Joe, the normality of domestic happiness bored her.

(=happiness that comes from being married)

Does being similar to your wife or husband lead to marital happiness?

It’s a story about a music composer who unexpectedly finds happiness as a teacher.

He wrongly believes that money can bring happiness.

He would never achieve true happiness until he took control of his life.

As I drove back home, I was filled with happiness.

The bride’s face seemed to glow with happiness.

wish sb (every) happiness/wish (every) happiness to sb

(=say that you hope someone will have a happy life)

I would like you to join me in wishing every happiness to Annabelle and Steven.

Being by the ocean gave her a feeling of great happiness.

(=the act of trying to achieve happiness)

The Declaration of Independence guarantees ‘liberty’ and ‘the pursuit of happiness.’

→see THESAURUS at [pleasure](->pleasure)

朱丽叶的双眼闪耀着幸福的光芒。

We want our children to have the best possible chance of happiness.

我们希望自己的孩子得到追求幸福的最佳机会。


happy

The room looked bright and cheerful it made you feel good.

It was the day before the vacation and everyone was in a good mood.

feeling happy with your life, job, situation etc

He was contented with his job as a cycle mechanic.

She sat down with a contented expression on her face.

He was glad to see someone that he knew.

very happy because something good has happened

The doctors say they are delighted with her progress.

He’s thrilled at the idea of going to Disneyworld.

very happy because you have heard some good news

She was overjoyed when she found out that her son was safe.

I was over the moon when I won the championship.

The crowd were ecstatic, and cheered wildly.

a blissful time is one in which you feel extremely happy

We stayed on the islands for two blissful weeks.

It sounded blissful – sea, sun, and good food.

[comparative](italic) [happier](bold) [superlative](italic) [happiest](bold)

having feelings of pleasure, for example because something good has happened to you or you are very satisfied with your life

It’s a lovely house and we’ve been very happy here.

房子很漂亮，我们住在这里非常开心。

I’ve never [felt happier](bold) in my life.

我一生从未感到如此快乐。

他是一个快乐的孩子，很少哭鼻子。

I loved her and thought I could [make](bold) her [happy](bold).

我爱她，我想我能让她幸福快乐。

I’m happy that everything worked out well in the end.

我很高兴到最后一切都很顺利。

What a wonderful opportunity! I’m so happy for you.

多好的机会呀！我真为你高兴。

[the happy couple](bold)(=a couple that have just got married or will soon get married)

You are [happy to do](bold)  something or [happy to be doing](bold)  something: I’m very happy to be here.
Don’t say: [I’m very happy for being here.](strike)

You are [happy that](bold)  something has happened or is true: I’m very happy that I’m here.

You are [happy about](bold)  something: I’m so happy about your engagement.
Don’t say: [I’m so happy for your engagement.](strike)

You are [happy for](bold)  someone when something good has happened to them: Congratulations – I’m happy for you.

a happy time, relationship, event etc is a good one that makes you feel happy

〔使人感到〕愉快的，幸福的

This has been the happiest day of my life.

这是我一生中最快乐的一天。

I have lots of happy memories of the place.

我对那地方有着许多美好的回忆。

The story has a [happy ending](bold), however.

不过故事的结局还是圆满的。

When’s [the happy event](bold)(=the birth of your child)?

→see THESAURUS at [satisfied](->satisfied)

On the whole, I’m happy with the way I look.

总体来说，我对自己的外貌比较满意。

People living nearby are not happy with the decision.

附近的居民对这一决定感到不满。

Mum wasn’t happy about Tess going off travelling on her own.

妈妈不放心特丝单独外出旅行。

I pretended to agree with her, just to [keep](bold) her [happy](bold).

我假装同意她，纯粹是为了让她高兴。

我对现在自己所做的很满意。

to be very willing to do something, especially to help someone

乐意做某事〔尤指帮助别人〕

used to wish someone happiness on a special occasion

生日/新年/圣诞节等快乐

used to wish someone happiness on their birthday

By a [happy coincidence](bold), James was also in town that weekend.

巧得很，詹姆斯那个周末也在城里。

I’m in the [happy position](bold) of not having to work.

a way of doing something that is not extreme but is somewhere between two possible choices

〔两件事之间〕皆大欢喜的折中办法

I always tried to [strike a happy medium](bold) between having a home that looked like a bomb had hit it and becoming obsessively tidy.

我一直想找个满意的折中办法，使家里既不会像被炸过那样乱，也不会像有洁癖似的过分齐整。

His choice of words was not a very happy one.

if you are in or go to your happy place, you imagine you are in a place that makes you feel calm and happy, because it helps you stop thinking about a bad situation

一个/你的快乐之乡〔指通过美好的想象来摆脱烦恼等的思想境界〕

([not a happy camper](bold) ([AmE](bold)) (informal) )


harass

to make someone’s life unpleasant, for example by frequently saying offensive things to them or threatening them

A number of black youths have complained of being harassed by the police.

一些黑人青年投诉称受到警察骚扰。

[sexually/racially harass sb](bold)(=harass someone because of their sex or race)

One woman claimed that she had been sexually harassed by a male manager.

一名女子声称曾遭到一名男经理性骚扰。

to keep attacking an enemy again and again

反复攻击，屡次侵扰〔敌人〕


harassment

when someone behaves in an unpleasant or threatening way towards you

African-Americans have been complaining about police harassment for years.

非洲裔美国人多年来一直抱怨受到警察的骚扰。

Political parties are banned, and harassment of dissidents is commonplace.

政党被取缔，而持不同政见者受到骚扰也是司空见惯的事。

[sexual/racial harassment](bold)(=because of someone’s sex or race)

We need effective strategies to combat sexual harassment in the workplace.

我们需要采取有效策略对抗职场性骚扰。


harbour

([BrE](special)) AmE harbor  [n](bold) <[C](bold)>

an area of water next to the land where the water is calm, so that ships are safe when they are inside it

当他们驶入朴次茅斯港的时候


harbour

([BrE](special)) AmE harbor  [v](bold) <[T](bold)>

to keep bad thoughts, fears, or hopes in your mind for a long time

怀有，心存〔不好的想法、恐惧或希望〕

I think he’s harbouring some sort of grudge against me.

我觉得他对我有点怀恨在心。

She began to harbour doubts over the wisdom of their journey.

她开始对他们的旅行是否明智产生了怀疑。

to contain something, especially something hidden and dangerous

Sinks and draining boards can harbour germs.

洗涤槽和沥水板可能藏有病菌。

to protect and hide criminals that the police are searching for


hard

[hardness](bold) n. <U> eg: a material that would combine the flexibility of rubber with the hardness of glass

difficult to press down, break, or cut, and not at all soft

not completely hard, but not easy to press or bend – used especially when this seems a good thing

exercises to make your stomach muscles nice and firm

difficult to bend and not changing shape

The collar of his shirt felt stiff and uncomfortable.

made of a thick hard material and not hollow

The floor felt strong and solid beneath her feet.

having a structure that is made of a material that is difficult or impossible to bend

used about food that is pleasantly hard, so that it makes a noise when you bite it – often used about things that have been cooked in thin  until they are brown

Bake the cookies until they are crisp and golden.

food that is crunchy makes a noise when you bite on it – often used about things that are fresh, for example fruit, vegetables, and nuts

The carrots were still nice and crunchy.

meat that is tough is too hard and is difficult to cut or eat

too hard and bending like rubber rather than breaking – used especially about meat

[comparative](italic) [harder](bold) [superlative](italic) [hardest](bold)

firm, stiff, and difficult to press down, break, or cut

After months without rain, the ground was too hard to plough.

数月无雨，土地坚硬难犁。

难做的；难懂的；困难的，不易的

→see THESAURUS at [difficult](->difficult)

This year’s exam was much harder than last year’s.

今年的考试比去年的难得多。

You’ll have to make some hard decisions.

你们必须作出困难的决定。

他们是一支很难打败的球队。

[it is hard to believe/imagine/see/know etc](bold)

It was hard to see what else we could have done.

很难想出我们原本还可以做些什么。

It’s hard to believe that anyone would say something like that.

很难相信有人会说出那样的话。

Permanent jobs are [hard to come by](bold)(=difficult to find or get).

It must be hard for her, bringing up three kids on her own.

她一个人养育三个孩子，一定很不容易。

Telling my parents is going to be [the hardest thing](bold) about it.

最难办的将是如何告诉我的父母。

[have a hard time doing sth](bold)(=be difficult for someone to do something)

I had a hard time persuading him to accept the offer.

我费了很多功夫说服他接受那个提议。

Such criticism was [hard to take](bold)(=difficult to accept).

using or involving a lot of mental or physical effort

费力的，费劲的；耗费体力[脑力]的

To be successful in sport requires [hard work](bold) and a great deal of determination.

要在体育方面有所成就需要艰辛的努力和百折不挠的决心。

After [a hard day](bold) at work, I just want to come home and put my feet up.

辛苦工作一天之后，我只想回家休息。

[a hard day’s work/walking/skiing etc](bold)

There’s a sauna where you can relax after a hard day’s skiing.

有一个桑拿浴室，在滑了一天雪疲惫不堪之时，你可以在里面放松一下。

Becoming a doctor never interested him. It was [too much like hard work](bold)(=it would involve too much work).

对于当医生他从不感兴趣，那要付出太多的艰辛。

a situation or time that is hard is one in which you have a lot of problems, especially when you do not have enough money

〔尤指缺钱时处境或日子〕艰难的，困苦的，拮据的

[Times were hard](bold) and they were forced to sell their house.

那时的日子很艰难，他们被迫卖掉了房子。

He had clearly [fallen on hard times](bold)(=did not have much money).

to criticize someone in a way that is unfair, or to be too strict with them

离婚会对孩子造成很大伤害。

Standing all day is very hard on the feet.

to learn, achieve, or do something after a bad experience or by making mistakes

He [learned the hard way](bold) about the harsh reality of the boxing world.

他碰过壁后才了解拳击界的严酷现实。

Make sure you put the baby’s diaper on before you start feeding her. I [learned this lesson the hard way](bold).

给宝宝喂奶之前一定要给她垫上尿布，这是我受过教训才懂的。

他是好不容易才得到升职的。

Jane gave the door a [good hard](bold) push.

她狠狠地给了他一记耳光。

facts that are definitely true and can be proved

确切[确凿]的证据/事实/信息等

There is no hard evidence to support this theory.

没有切实的证据支持这一理论。

showing no sympathetic or gentle feelings

difficult to do and needing a lot of effort

A strong wind made the race very hard going.

因为刮大风，选手都跑得很吃力。

boring, or difficult to deal with, talk to etc

I find some of his friends pretty hard going.

我觉得他的有些朋友相当乏味。

to make something you are doing seem more difficult than it really is

Juventus were making hard work of what should have been an easy game.

尤文图斯队在本该轻松取胜的比赛中陷入苦战。

hard water contains a lot of minerals, and does not mix easily with soap

used to tell someone that you feel sorry for them because they have not succeeded in what they were trying to do

真不幸，真倒霉〔对别人表示同情〕

‘I failed my driving test.’ ‘Oh, hard luck!’

“我没通过驾照考试。”“唉，你真倒霉！”

when bad things happen to you that are not your fault

(also: [hard cheese](bold) ([BrE](bold)) )

used to say that you do not care if someone is having problems, does not like something etc

If you don’t like the idea then hard luck!

如果你不喜欢这个主意，那抱歉啦！

to treat someone badly or cause problems for them

〔故意〕让某人难堪[难受]，让某人吃苦头

They reached the border where officials gave them a hard time.

他们到了边境，在那里受到边防官的刁难。

Hostile critics have given Hartman a hard time.

充满敌意的评论家严厉地批评了哈特曼。

to have a lot of problems or bad experiences

I’m glad she’s happy at last – she’s had such a hard time.

我很高兴她终于得到了幸福，她曾饱受苦难。

Vegetarians still often [have a hard time of it](bold) when it comes to eating out.

外出就餐对于素食者来说依然是很头痛的事。

to demand a lot or refuse to give too much when you are making an agreement

〔交涉时〕要求苛刻，寸步不让

The company is believed to have struck a hard bargain.

据信该公司在谈判过程中态度强硬。

anger between people because of something that has happened

We’d known each other too long for hard feelings.

我们相识太久，彼此之间不会心生嫌隙。

used to tell someone that you do not want to be angry with them or for them to be angry with you

I’m sorry it didn’t work out, but no hard feelings, eh?

很抱歉那不行，别生我的气，好吗？

to think carefully about something, especially with the result that you change your opinions or behaviour

You should take a long hard look at the issues before committing yourself.

你应该认真考虑这些问题再作出决定。

a strict way of dealing with someone or something

The president should abandon his hard line in the region.

总统应该停止在该地区采取的强硬措施。

The school takes a very hard line on drugs.

该学校在毒品问题上的态度非常强硬。

news stories that are about serious subjects or events

TV news programs seem to be more interested in gossip than in hard news.

电视新闻节目似乎对小道消息比对重大新闻更感兴趣。

strong, ready to fight, and not afraid of anyone or anything

Jones was known as soccer’s [hard man](bold).

琼斯是出了名的足球硬汉。

someone who is hard as nails seems to have no feelings such as fear or sympathy

严苛的上司[监工]；“周扒皮”

people who have extreme left-wing or right-wing political aims and ideas

concerns about the re-emergence of the hard right in some areas

对某些地区极右势力复苏的担心

I never touch [the hard stuff](bold)(=strong alcohol).

a big turn to the left or right, for example when you are driving

a hard ‘c’ is pronounced /k/ rather than /s/; a hard ‘g’ is pronounced /g/ rather than /dz/


hard

→ [hard by](->hard by) → [hard up](->hard up) [(hard/hot/close) on sb’s heels](bold) at → [heel](->heel) 1 [(hard/hot/close) on the heels of sth](bold) at → [heel](->heel) 1 [play hard to get](bold) at → [play](->play) 1 sense 23

using a lot of effort, energy, or attention

She has [worked hard](bold) all her life.

He had [thought long and hard](bold) before getting involved with the project.

参与这个计划之前他曾思之再三。

She [tried her hardest](bold) to ignore what he’d said.

她竭力不去理会他说的话。

I couldn’t convince him no matter how hard I tried.

不管我怎么努力，都说服不了他。

to be badly affected by something that has happened

受到严重影响，受到沉重打击

Sales were hard hit by high interest rates.

销售因高利率而受到严重影响。

难以做到某事，做某事有困难

You’d be hard pressed to find anyone better for the job.

找一个更适合做这份工作的人很难。

As a child I felt hard done by, living so far away from my friends.

我小时候觉得很不公平，住得离朋友们那么远。

to be very upset about something, especially bad news

对某事〔尤指坏消息〕感到悲伤[难过]

Alan took his mother’s death particularly hard.

母亲的去世让艾伦特别伤心。

His second major contract followed hard upon the first.

第一个大合同之后，他紧接着又签下了第二个。


harden

to become firm or stiff, or to make something firm or stiff

(使)变硬；(使)坚固；(使)硬化

It will take about 24 hours for the glue to harden.

胶水干透大约需要24小时。

if your attitude hardens, or if something hardens it, you become more strict and determined and less sympathetic

(使)变得更坚定；(使)变得强硬

Attitudes towards the terrorists have hardened even more since the attack.

自从那次袭击后，对待恐怖分子的态度更加强硬了。

if your face or voice hardens, or if something hardens it, you look or sound less sympathetic or happy

(使)〔脸色、嗓音〕变得冷酷

His face hardened momentarily, then he looked away.

他的脸色一时阴沉下来，随即把头转向一边。

to make yourself not feel pity or sympathy for someone


hardly

[Hardly](bold)  usually comes before a main verb: He hardly said a word.

[Hardly](bold)  comes after the first auxiliary verb: I can hardly believe you said that. We could hardly have known what was going to happen next.
Don’t say: [I hardly can believe you said that.](strike)

[Hardly](bold)  usually comes after the verb ‘be’ when it is used in simple tenses such as ‘is’ or ‘was’: This was hardly surprising.

In writing, you can use [hardly](bold)  at the beginning of a sentence before an auxiliary to say that one thing happens very soon after another thing: [Hardly had](bold) the rain stopped, when the sun came out.

You say [hardly any](bold) : There’s hardly any milk.
Don’t say: [There’s hardly no milk.](strike)

[Hardly](bold)  is not the adverb of [hard](bold) . The adverb of [hard ](bold)  is [hard](bold) : I work hard.
Don’t say: [I work hardly.](strike)

My parents divorced when I was six, and I hardly knew my father.

我六岁时父母离婚，我对父亲几乎一无所知。

The children were so excited they [could hardly](bold) speak.

孩子们兴奋得几乎连话都说不出来了。

[Hardly anyone](bold)(=almost no one) writes to me these days.

如今几乎没有人给我写信了。

Dad ate [hardly anything](bold)(=almost nothing).

There was [hardly any](bold)(=very little) traffic.

She lives in Spain, so we [hardly ever](bold)(=almost never) see her.

她住在西班牙，所以我们几乎见不到她。

[hardly a day/week/month etc goes by without/when](bold)(=used to say that something happens almost every day, week etc)

Hardly a month goes by without another factory closing down.

几乎每个月都会有一家工厂倒闭。

used to mean ‘not’, when you are suggesting that the person you are speaking to will agree with you

It’s [hardly surprising](bold) that she won’t answer his calls after the way he’s treated her.

他这样对她，她不接他的电话也不奇怪。

You [can hardly](bold) blame Tom for not waiting.

你不能责怪汤姆没有等你。

My boss [could hardly](bold) be described as handsome.

我的老板一点也算不上英俊。

[hardly the time/place/person etc](bold)(=a very unsuitable time, place, person etc)

This is hardly the place to discuss the matter.

这里不是讨论这件事的地方。

used to say that something has only just happened

She had hardly sat down when the phone rang.


hardship

The severe winter caused great hardship in remote villages.

Many pensioners experienced hardship paying the tax.

(=will be affected by a difficult or painful situation)

One in four families in Britain is facing financial hardship.

(=make someone be in a difficult or painful situation, used for emphasis)

Civil war has inflicted hardship and suffering on thousands of people.

The program aims to alleviate hardship among the poorest sections of society.

In the early years, the settlers faced great hardship.

The 1930s brought severe hardship to the Midwest, especially for Oklahoma.

The closure of the steelworks caused economic hardship for the town.

It is a region of considerable hardship and poverty.

Prolonged illness can cause real hardship for many families.

The ban is causing unnecessary hardship for fishermen.

His deportation would pose undue hardship on family members left in the United States.

(=when you lack the things that your body needs)

The people of the war-torn region face severe physical hardship.

(=hardship that affects you rather than other people or people in general)

The personal hardship experienced by my client includes the loss of his home, his job and his family.

(=a serious lack of money or of things that you need in order to live)

Emergency government aid helped to relieve the flood victims' material hardship.

In times of hardship, your family may be the only people you can go to for help.

something that makes your life difficult or unpleasant, especially a lack of money, or the condition of having a difficult life

an economic policy that [caused](bold) great [hardship](bold) for many people

造成许多人贫困的经济政策

Many students are [suffering](bold) severe financial [hardship](bold).


hardware

computer machinery and equipment, as opposed to the programs that make computers work

equipment and tools for your home and garden

〔家用和园艺用的〕金属器件[用具]；五金制品

the machinery and equipment that is needed to do something


harm

Try to choose products that do the least harm to the environment.

Very small amounts of the chemical cause no lasting harm.

None of us wants to inflict harm on another human being.

A child can be taken into care if he is or is likely to suffer significant harm.

He was put in a mental hospital to prevent harm to others.

If you drink too much alcohol, you can do yourself serious harm.

They were afraid that he would do them some actual physical harm.

Depriving a child of love does irreparable emotional harm.

The report highlights the environmental harm caused by transporting goods around the world.

The scandal has caused irreparable harm to his career.

The injury caused him discomfort but no lasting harm.

(=so much harm that it cannot be described completely)

This type of abuse can cause a child untold harm.

People need to be more aware of the potential harm of being overweight.

(=cause more problems rather than improve a situation)

If you don’t warm up properly, exercise may do more harm than good.

(=used to tell someone not to worry about something they have done)

‘I’m sorry, I didn’t mean to push you.’ ‘Don’t worry, no harm done.’

(=used when you think that something seems reasonable, although other people may not)

Sure, he gets attention when he performs at a charity event, but where’s the harm in that?

damage, injury, or trouble caused by someone’s actions or by an event

The scandal did his career a lot of harm.

丑闻对他的职业生涯造成很大损害。

Our children deserve protection from harm.

我们的儿童理应得到保护以免受伤害。

→ [grievous bodily harm](->grievous bodily harm)

She was relieved to see the children had come to no harm.

她看到孩子们没有受到伤害，舒了一口气。

to have no intention of hurting or upsetting anyone

She’s a terrible gossip but she means no harm.

她很爱说长道短，不过没有恶意。

there’s no harm in doing sth/it does no harm to do sth

used to suggest that someone should do something that may be helpful or useful to them

It wouldn’t do you any harm to get some experience first.

if someone or something is out of harm’s way, they are in a place where they cannot be hurt or damaged

在安全的地方，在不受伤害的地方

Copies of your documents should be kept in a safe place, well out of harm’s way.

你的那些文件要保存在安全的地方，一个绝对不会遭到损坏的地方。

if something dangerous is out of harm’s way, it is in a place where it cannot hurt anyone or damage anything

〔危险物品〕在不会造成伤害的地方

If you have small children, make sure that you store all medicines out of harm’s way.

如果你有年幼的孩子，一定要把药品存放在安全的地方。


harm

to have a bad effect on someone or something

Many working mothers said having children harmed their careers.

to harm something badly. [Damage](bold) is more serious than [harm](bold)

His reputation was damaged and his career was in ruins.

The affair has damaged people’s confidence in the government.

to be likely to harm someone or something

The new housing development will be detrimental to the character of this small town.

to harm something, especially someone’s ability to do something or the correct working of a system

Any amount of alcohol that you drink will impair your ability to drive.

to have a bad effect on the future success of something

Don’t do anything to prejudice our chances of winning.

In everyday English, people usually say that something [is bad for](bold)  something rather than that it [harms](bold)  something:

chemicals that [are bad for](bold) the environment

The kidnappers didn’t harm him, thank God.

绑匪没有伤害他，谢天谢地。

to make people have a worse opinion of a person or group


harmful

causing physical harm – used especially about things that cause harm to your health, the environment etc

to have a harmful effect on someone or something. This phrase is very commonly used in everyday English when saying that something is harmful

Everyone knows that too much alcohol is bad for you.

used about things that cause permanent physical harm, or that have a bad effect in other ways, for example on people’s opinion of someone

Acid rain has a damaging effect on trees and the soil.

The allegations were very damaging to his career.

Constant criticism is damaging to a child’s self-esteem.

causing harm or having a bad effect on something

Employers are worried that the new laws will have a detrimental effect on their business.

chemicals that are detrimental to the environment

policies that have been detrimental to the interests of old people

a negative effect is one that is bad and causes problems

The car tax had a negative effect on car sales.

the negative impact of the recession in the US

hazardous substances are likely to be dangerous to people’s health and safety

Hazardous waste needs to be disposed of safely.

toxic substances, smoke etc are poisonous

used about something that has a gradual bad effect which is not easy to notice, especially on people’s morals, or on their health

the pernicious effects of violent video games

the pernicious effect of secondhand smoke

chemicals that are harmful to the environment


harmless

[harmlessly](bold) adv. eg: The spear whistled harmlessly over his head.

unable or unlikely to hurt anyone or cause damage

Her brother’s a bit simple, but he’s quite harmless.

她的弟弟有点愚钝，不过他绝对不会伤害别人。

It was just a bit of [harmless fun](bold).

这只是个没有恶意的玩笑。


harmony

We aim to promote racial harmony through shared sporting activities.

There was a lot of tension beneath the impression of domestic harmony.

As producer and director, the Coen brothers work together in perfect harmony.

(=quite friendly and peaceful when compared to something else)

The tribes have lived together in relative harmony for years.

His search for inner harmony led him to Buddhism.

The two friends continued to live in harmony.

He urged all Americans to work in harmony to solve the nation’s problems.

If this really is a fair society, why is it taking so long to achieve racial harmony?

(=do things that help friendship or peace develop or improve)

We need to develop ways of promoting harmony between nations.

The idea is to create better harmony in the community.

The couple decided to put their problems behind them in an attempt to restore harmony to the family.

We must stop these disagreements in the interests of peace and harmony.

There was a quiet sense of harmony between them as they walked along.

notes of music combined together in a pleasant way

用完美的和声演唱的唱诗班

the gorgeous vocal harmonies on ‘Mexicali Rose’

《墨西哥玫瑰》的精彩和声演唱

when people live or work together without fighting or disagreeing with each other

〔一起生活或工作时的〕融洽相处

I do believe it is possible for different ethnic groups to live together in harmony.

我确信不同民族的人民可以融洽相处。

to agree with another idea, feeling etc, or look good with other things

和某事物一致；和某事物协调

Your suggestions are not in harmony with the aims of this project.

你的建议与本项目的目标不符。

the pleasant effect made by different things that form an attractive whole


harsh

[harshly](bold) adv. eg: ‘Shut up,’ Boris said harshly.

harsh conditions are difficult to live in and very uncomfortable

The hostages are being held in [harsh conditions](bold).

人质被拘押在恶劣环境中。

a young girl suddenly exposed to the [harsh realities](bold) of life

骤然置身于残酷现实生活中的小女孩

His theory met with harsh criticism from colleagues.

他的理论遭到了同事们的严厉批评。

the harsh measures taken against the protesters

针对抗议者采取的严厉措施

‘She’s an idiot!’ ‘Aren’t you being a bit harsh?’

“她是个白痴！”“你是不是有点太苛刻了？”

He had [harsh words](bold)(=severe criticism) for the Government.

他的声音刺耳且令人恐惧。

She stood outside, blinking in the harsh sunlight.

她站在外面，在耀眼的阳光下眨动着双眼。

the harsh outline of the factories against the sky

在天空映衬下丑陋的工厂轮廓线

too strong and likely to damage the thing you are cleaning

My skin is quite sensitive and I find some soaps too harsh.

我的皮肤很敏感，我觉得有些肥皂刺激性太强。


harvest

The late frosts ended hopes of a good harvest that year.

A series of poor harvests plunged them into debt.

Plum growers are expecting a bumper harvest this year.

This year's grain harvest is expected to be well over 85 million tons.

He hired extra workers to help at harvest time.

Orchard farmers are busiest during the September and October harvest season.

They were working late into the night to get the harvest in.

(=there are no crops or only poor crops)

the time when crops are gathered from the fields, or the act of gathering them

收马铃薯的时节下起了雨。

the crops that have been gathered, or the amount and quality of the crops gathered

[good/bumper harvest](bold)(=a lot of crops)

种植李树的农民期盼着今年有个好收成。

to get good or bad results from your actions

The company is now reaping the harvest of careful planning.

公司现在尝到了精心规划带来的甜头。


harvest

to take or collect for use, especially to take a part of someone’s body to put into someone else’s body

采集；〔尤指〕移植，切除〔器官〕

His family has given permission for his organs to be harvested.

他的家人已经同意将他的器官移植给他人。


haste

great speed in doing something, especially because you do not have enough time

我很快就对自己的仓促感到后悔。

In his haste to leave, he forgot his briefcase.

他走得很匆忙，忘了带公文包。

In everyday English, people usually say [hurry](bold)  rather than [haste](bold) :

In my [hurry](bold), I left my coat behind.

They left in haste, without even saying goodbye.

他们走得很匆忙，连再见都没说。

used to say that it is better to do something slowly, because if you do it too quickly you will make mistakes


hastily

‘Don’t worry,’ Jenny added hastily. ‘I checked with Lizzie first.’

“别担心，”珍妮赶紧补充，“我先和莉齐核实过了。”


hat

→ [hard hat](->hard hat) → [old hat](->old hat) [at the drop of a hat](bold) at → [drop](->drop) 2 sense 5 [I’ll eat my hat](bold) at → [eat](->eat) sense 8 [hang up your hat](bold) at → [hang up](->hang up) [be talking through your hat](bold) at → [talk](->talk) 1 sense 29

a piece of clothing that you wear on your head

玛丽亚戴着一顶漂亮的新帽子。

[bowler-hatted/top-hatted etc](bold)(=wearing a bowler hat, top hat etc)

be wearing your teacher’s/salesman’s etc hat

(also: [have your teacher’s/salesman’s etc hat on](bold) )

to be performing the duties of a teacher etc, which are not your only duties

干着老师/销售员等的工作〔指做不止一份工作〕

I’m a manager now and only put my salesman’s hat on when one of our sales reps is having real problems.

我现在当经理了，只有当我们的销售代表遇到真正的难题时我才做销售工作。

used to say you admire someone very much because of what they have done

我向某人致敬〔表示钦佩某人〕

I take my hat off to Ian – without him we’d have never finished this project on time.

我向伊恩致敬——没有他我们绝不可能准时完成这个项目。

if someone’s name is drawn out of a hat, they are chosen, for example as the winner of a competition, because their name is the first one that is taken out of a container containing the names of all the people involved

The first correct entry out of the hat on September 2nd will win a prize.

9月2日第一个被抽中并且答案正确者将赢得奖品。

to collect money from a group of people, especially in order to buy someone a present

〔尤指一群人为了给某人买礼物而〕凑钱

to say publicly that you will compete in an election or for a job

正式宣布参加竞选[应聘]


hatch

if an egg hatches, or if it is hatched, it breaks, letting the young bird, insect etc come out

这些蛋要三天时间才能孵化。

if a young bird, insect etc hatches, or if it is hatched, it comes out of its egg

(使)〔幼禽、幼虫等〕孵出，破壳而出

策划阴谋/秘密计划/密谋交易等


hatch

a hole in a ship or aircraft, usually used for loading goods, or the door that covers it

〔船、航空器上的〕舱口,舱门

[escape hatch](bold)(=a hole in an aircraft etc through which you can escape)

a small hole in the wall, floor, or ceiling of a room, or the door that covers it

〔墙、地板或天花板上的〕开口；活板门

something you say before drinking an alcoholic drink quickly


hate

[hated](bold) adj. eg: the hated security police

[Hate](bold)  is not usually used in the progressive. You say: I hate that record. He hated her new boyfriend.
Don’t say: [I am hating that record.](strike)  [He was hating her new boyfriend.](strike)

In spoken English, people sometimes say [I’m hating](bold)  to describe their feelings about something that is happening right now: I’m hating every minute of this film.

to dislike someone or something very much

He hated the fact that his wife was more successful than he was.

to hate someone or something. [Can’t stand](bold) is less formal than [hate](bold), and is very common in everyday English

She’s OK, but I can’t stand her husband.

He couldn’t bear the thought of life without Nicole.

to hate something or someone very much. [Loathe](bold) and [detest](bold) are a little more formal than [hate](bold)

Greg had detested his brother for as long as he could remember.

to hate someone or something very much and have no respect for them

He despised the man and could never forgive him for what he had done.

They despised the wealth and consumerism of the West.

to hate something because you think it is morally wrong

It’s the kind of movie you either love or hate.

这是那种你要么喜欢要么讨厌的电影。

保罗不喜欢别人给他照相。

Pam hates it when Lee calls her at work.

帕姆不喜欢李在上班时给自己打电话。

Jenny’s mother hates her staying out late.

珍妮的母亲不喜欢她晚上在外面待到太晚。

to dislike someone very much and feel angry towards them

I hated myself for feeling jealous of her.

[hate sb’s guts](bold) [informal](special)(=hate someone very much)

In everyday English, people often say they [can’t stand](bold)  someone rather than say they [hate](bold)  someone:

used to emphasize that you do not want something to happen

我不愿某人/某物做某事〔用于强调〕

I’d hate for him to think I wasn’t interested.

我不想让他认为我不感兴趣。

used when you feel sure that something would have a bad result, or when an idea is unpleasant to think about

I hate to think what would have happened if you hadn’t called the police.

我不敢想如果你没有报警会发生什么事。

I hate to say it, but .../I hate to tell you this, but ...

used when saying something that you do not want to say, for example because it is embarrassing

我真不想说，不过 …/我不好意思告诉你，但 …

I hate to say it, but I was glad when he went home.

我真不好意思说，但是我很庆幸他回家去了。

used to say that you are sorry that you have to ask etc

抱歉问一句/打断你/打扰你等

I hate to ask you this, but would you mind giving me a lift home?

我真不想开口，但你能让我搭你的车回家吗？

我真不想打扰你，不过这事很紧急。


hate

[pet hate](bold) at → [pet](->pet) 3 sense 2

He gave me a look of pure hate as I entered the room.

White nationalists are using the media to preach a message of hate.

sb’s eyes are burning/smouldering/blazing with hate

Then he noticed the dark eyes, smouldering with hate.

His speech was an expression of pure hate.

(=someone who is hated by a lot of people)

After the incident, he became a hate figure in the British press.

(=letters or messages expressing hate and threats towards someone)

Since appearing on the show she has even received hate mail from the public.

an angry unpleasant feeling that someone has when they hate someone and want to harm them

Mrs Williams has spoken of her hate for her husband’s killers.

威廉斯太太谈起过她对杀害她丈夫的凶手的仇恨。


hatred

an angry feeling of deep dislike for someone or something

It is easy to understand their hatred for the invaders of their country.

racial hatred of people who belong to a different race

the angry feeling that someone has when they hate someone and want to harm them

His mind was filled with hate and the desire for revenge.

Her love for him turned to hate, and she tore up all his old letters.

Thatcher became a hate figure for the left someone who many people hate.

His enemies started a hate campaign against him in the press.

a very strong feeling of hatred for someone or something that you think is extremely unpleasant

I felt nothing but loathing for him after the way he’d treated me.

a feeling of hatred and anger that often makes people behave unpleasantly to each other

The animosity between parents who are getting a divorce can often cause great suffering to their children.

a deep feeling of hatred towards something that you think is morally wrong or unpleasant

the abhorrence of terrorism by all decent people

a feeling of hate towards someone or something you think does not deserve any respect at all

I have nothing but contempt for these people.

It was terrifying to know that someone could feel such hatred towards me.

Gang members have a hatred of the police.

(=deliberately try to cause arguments or bad feelings between people)

Right-wing parties tried to stir up hatred and exploit racial tension.

(=deliberately encourage people to hate each other)

He faces criminal charges for inciting racial hatred.

Feelings of racial hatred were drummed into him as a child.

Churches and mosques were burnt as ethnic hatred turned into violence.

(=hatred between people who belong to different religious groups)

The law makes it an offence to stir up religious hatred.

The child opened her eyes and stared at Juliet with pure hatred.

What, I wondered, had I done to provoke such deep hatred?

She told me, in a voice full of hatred and contempt, that I meant nothing to her.

She talked about the feelings of hatred she has towards her son’s killer.

an angry feeling of extreme dislike for someone or something

A look of pure hatred flashed across her face.

她脸上闪过十足的仇恨表情。

他对所有外国人的深恶痛绝

Abby made no secret of her hatred for her father.

阿比并不掩饰她对父亲的仇恨。

Ellis was a sick young man with a deep hatred of women.

埃利斯是个变态的男青年，他对女人有着深切的仇恨。

the old hatreds and prejudices that simmered below the surface

长久以来憋在心中的仇恨与偏见


haul

to pull something heavy with a continuous steady movement

the steam locomotive which hauled the train

to move somewhere with a lot of effort, especially because you are injured or tired

吃力地挪向/走出〔某处〕等

Patrick hauled himself painfully up the stairs.

帕特里克拖着沉重的步伐痛苦地走上楼梯。

to succeed in achieving a higher position in society, in a competition etc

提高〔社会地位、比赛中的排名等〕

He is confident that the club can haul themselves further up the league.

他肯定那家俱乐部在联赛中的排名还会上升。

to criticize someone severely because they have done something wrong

猛地重击/挥拳打/踢某人


haul

→ [long-haul](->long-haul) → [short-haul](->short-haul)

a large amount of illegal or stolen goods

〔一大批〕非法物品，赃物

The gang escaped with a haul worth hundreds of pounds.

匪徒带着价值几百英镑的赃物逃跑了。

A haul of stolen cars has been seized by police officers.

一批被盗汽车被警察截获。

something that takes a lot of time and effort

At last we’ve won our freedom but [it’s been a long](bold) bitter [haul](bold).

我们终于赢得了自由，但这是一个漫长而艰难的过程。

until something that will take a long time is done or achieved

I’m [in](bold) this [for the long haul](bold)(=going to stay involved until the end).

Over the long haul, these small increases add up.

久而久之，这些小小的增长会积少成多。

the amount of fish caught when fishing with a net


haunt

if the soul of a dead person haunts a place, it appears there often

The pub is said to be haunted by the ghost of a former landlord.

据说这个酒吧里经常有一位前任老板的鬼魂出没。

缠扰，烦扰；萦绕在 …心头

Clare was haunted by the fear that her husband was having an affair.

克莱尔总是担心丈夫有外遇。

to cause problems for someone over a long period of time

an error that would [come back to haunt](bold) them for years to come

会在今后几年不断缠扰他们的一个失误


haunt

a place that someone likes to go to often

The Café Vienna was a [favourite haunt](bold) of journalists and actors.

维也纳小餐馆是记者和演员最爱光顾的一个地方。


haunted

a haunted building is believed to be visited regularly by the soul of a dead person


have

[past tense and past participle](italic) [had](bold) /d, əd, həd/ strong /strong/ /hæd/ [third person singular](italic) [has](bold) /z, əz, həz/ strong /strong/ /hæz/

used with past participles to form perfect tenses

〔与过去分词连用构成动词的完成时态〕

‘I hope you’ve read the instructions.’ ‘Yes, of course I have.’

“我希望你已经看过使用说明了。”“当然看过了。”

used to say that someone should do something

You’d better phone to say you’ll be late.

你最好打电话去说一声你要晚到。

We’d better not tell Jim about our plans just yet.

我们最好先别把计划告诉吉姆。

Had we known about it earlier, we could have warned people of the danger.

假如早点知道这件事的话，我们就能提醒人们有危险了。


have

have on
have (got) against
have (got) in
have out
have over
have up

In British spoken English, people usually use [have got](bold)  instead of [have](bold)  for many of its meanings. [Have](bold)  sounds more formal and is the usual choice in written English. You say: He's got a cold.  You write: He has a cold.

In questions in British spoken English, [Have you got ...? ](bold) is often used instead of [Do you have ...?](bold)  You say: Have you got his address?  You write: Do you have his address?

In negative sentences in British spoken English, you use [haven't got ](bold) or [hasn't got](bold) . You say: He hasn't got any money.  You write: He does not have any money.

[Have got](bold)  is mainly used in the present tense. In the past tense you usually use [had](bold) , and in the future you usually use [will have](bold) .

In American English, [have got ](bold) is much less common. It is used when you want to emphasize what you are saying: He's got a gun!  It is also often used in the phrase [have got to](bold)  (= have to) : We've got to go.

In negative sentences, British speakers often say [I haven't got ...](bold)  where American speakers say [I don't have ...](bold)  In questions, British speakers say [Have you got ...?](bold)  where American speakers say [Do you have ...?](bold)

(also: [have got](bold) ([especially BrE](bold)) )

used to say what someone or something looks like, what qualities or features they possess etc

具有〔某种外表、特性或特征〕

她一头黑发，眼睛是棕色的。

Sullivan’s music does have a certain charm.

沙利文的音乐确实具有某种魅力。

You need to have a lot of patience to be a teacher.

当老师必须具备相当的耐心。

He didn’t even have the courtesy to answer my letter.

他连给我回封信的礼貌都没有。

[have it in you](bold)(=have the skill or special quality needed to do something)

You should have seen the way Dad was dancing – I didn’t know he had it in him!

你真该看看爸爸跳舞的样子——我还真不知道他有这两下子呢！

to include or contain something or a particular number of things or people

Japan has a population of over 120 million.

日本有超过1.2亿的人口。

used to say that someone owns something or that it is available for them to use

He’s a lovely dog – how long have you had him?

这只狗真可爱，你养了多久了？

今天晚上我能用一下车吗，爸爸？

to be holding something or carrying it with you

I’m afraid I don’t have my address book with me.

Senses 1-4 of [have](bold)  are not used in the progressive.
Don’t say: [I am having ...](strike)  [It is having ...](strike)

[have a look/walk/sleep/talk/think etc](bold)

Someone had been having a cigarette in the toilet.

I usually have breakfast at about seven o'clock.

to experience something or be affected by something

We’ve been having a lot of difficulties with our new computer system.

我们使用新计算机系统时遇到了重重困难。

I’m afraid your son has had a serious accident.

恐怕你儿子遇到严重事故了。

He is in hospital having treatment for a knee injury.

他正在医院接受膝伤的治疗。

Thanks for everything – we had a great time.

谢谢你——我们玩得很开心。

He found it quite natural to have people fussing over him.

他觉得别人对他关怀备至理所应当。

to think of something or to experience a particular feeling

If you have any good ideas for presents, let me know.

如果你想到送什么礼物好，就告诉我。

I have lots of happy memories of my time in Japan.

to suffer from a disease, injury, or pain

其中一名受害者断了一条腿。

if you have a particular amount of time, it is available for you to do something

You have just 30 seconds to answer the question.

你只有30秒时间回答这个问题。

I haven’t time to stop and talk just now.

我这会儿没时间停下来说话。

你有格雷厄姆的消息了吗？

I expect he had some help from his father.

我估计他得到了他父亲的帮助。

have your hair cut/your house painted etc

to pay a professional person to cut your hair etc for you

Where do you normally have your hair done?

我们刚请人换了一台新的引擎。

if you have something stolen, broken etc, someone steals, breaks etc something that belongs to you

马林斯在一场斗殴中鼻子被打骨折了。

to have made something ready to be used, or have finished doing something

将某事准备好/做完/完成等

我应该在星期一前将车准备好。

used to say that your body or something else is in a particular position or state, because you moved or did something

使保持；使在〔某位置或状态〕

used to say that there is someone who is your relation or friend

她有一个叔叔在威斯康星州。

It was nice for Alice to have friends of her own age.

艾丽斯有同龄的朋友是件好事。

to be employed in a particular job or to be responsible for doing something

有〔工作〕；承担，担负〔责任〕

她的男友有一份收入丰厚的工作。

The headteacher has responsibility for the management of the school.

校长担负着管理学校的责任。

I can’t stand here talking – I have work to do (=there is work that I must do).

我不能站在这儿讲话——我有工作要做。

to employ or be in charge of a group of workers

Margaret Gillies currently has a team of 20 volunteers working for her.

玛格丽特•吉利斯目前有一支20人的志愿者队伍在她手下工作。

if a shop or a hotel has goods or rooms, they are available for you to buy or use

〔商店〕有〔商品供应〕；〔宾馆〕有〔房间〕

They didn’t have any sweaters in my size.

他们没有我穿的尺码的毛衣。

if you have someone with you, they are present with you

Luckily I had a friend with me who spoke German.

幸好当时有个会讲德语的朋友和我在一起。

to hold someone violently by a part of their body

if you have visitors or guests, they have come to your home, office etc

Sorry, I didn’t realize you had visitors.

对不起，我不知道你有客人。

We had friends to stay over the weekend.

if you have an event such as a meeting, party, or concert, it happens because you have organized it

举办〔会议、聚会、音乐会等〕

We’re having a party on Saturday – you’re very welcome to come.

周六我们要搞个聚会，非常欢迎你来。

a mistake that could have disastrous results

可能产生灾难性后果的错误

Cardew was having a bad influence on the other students.

卡迪尤对其他学生产生了不良影响。

used to say that an opportunity or choice is available for you

If you have the chance, you should go and see it – it’s a really good film.

有机会你应该去看一下，这部电影真的不错。

Women managers have a choice as to whether they wear trousers or a skirt.

女经理可以选择穿裤装或裙装。

Last year I had the honour of meeting the Prince of Wales.

去年我有幸见到了威尔士王子。

if a woman has a baby, it is born from her body

Anna insisted on having the baby at home.

安娜坚持要在家里生孩子。

to affect someone in a way that makes them start doing something

使〔某人〕作出〔某种反应〕

Within minutes he had the whole audience laughing and clapping.

短短几分钟内他就让全体观众发出阵阵笑声和掌声。

to persuade or order someone to do something

劝说[命令]〔某人〕做〔某事〕

She had me doing all kinds of jobs for her.

她让我替她做各种各样的工作。

我会让赫德森带你去你的房间。

to finish or settle an argument or a difficult situation

I should throw you out now and have done with it.

我应该把你赶出去，这事就了了。

used when you are reporting what people say or what a story says

Rumour has it that Kim is not his child.

if you have a place, time, or person all to yourself, you do not have to share them with anyone else

He couldn’t wait to have Beth all to himself.

他巴不得马上就和贝丝单独在一起。

It was the first time I’d had a room to myself.

那是我第一次独自拥有一个房间。

say this to politely ask someone to give you something

say this to ask for something that you have chosen in a restaurant or shop

我/我们想要〔在餐馆点菜或在商店买东西时使用〕

I’ll have a T-bone steak and chips, please.

请来一份T骨牛排和炸薯条。

Please have a seat, and the doctor will be right with you.

used to say that someone will not allow something to happen

They’re trying to play tricks on me again, but I won’t have it.

他们又想耍弄我了，可我是不会让他们得逞的。

I won’t have you walking home all by yourself.

我不能让你独自一人走回家。

We can’t have people wandering about on private land.

我们不允许外人在私人领地上溜达。

used to say that you are not sorry that something bad has happened to someone, because they deserved it

I’m not surprised his wife left him – he’s had it coming for years.

他老婆离开他，我不觉得奇怪——他早就该落得这种下场。

used to say you have suddenly thought of the solution to a problem or that you suddenly understand a situation

used to say that you do not know the answer to a question

你把我问住了，你把我难倒了

‘What makes you think women can’t do that kind of work?’ He scratched his head. ‘Well, now, you’ve got me there.’

“你为什么认为女性不能做那种工作？”他挠了挠头，说：“嗯，你把我问住了。”

used to start to tell someone something when you are annoyed with them

你给我听着〔表示对某人很恼火〕

I’ll have you know you’re insulting the woman I love.

你给我听着，你在侮辱我爱的女人。

to want to make life difficult for someone because you dislike them

试图刁难某人，有意同某人过不去

Dean thinks his teachers have it in for him.

迪安认为他的老师有意和他过不去。

if someone has had it, they are going to fail or die, or be in serious trouble

某人完了，某人糟了，某人大难临头了〔表示某人将失败、死亡或陷于大麻烦中〕

Press the wrong button and you’ve had it.

if someone has had it, they are very tired or annoyed and cannot continue with something

某人受够了〔表示某人很厌烦或恼怒〕

I can’t believe he’s done it again. I’ve had it with him!

我简直不相信他又那么干了，我受够了！

if something has had it, it no longer works and cannot be repaired

某物已经坏了，某物不能用了〔表示某物不再运转且无法修理〕

to refuse to agree to something, listen to someone etc

I tried to explain to her, but she just wasn’t having any of it.

我极力向她解释，但她根本不听。

used to say that someone has been deceived, for example by being tricked into paying too much

你付了200英镑？你上当了！


have

[v](bold) [have to do sth](bold)  also: [have got to do sth](bold) ([especially BrE](bold))

if you have to do something, you must do it because it is necessary or because someone makes you do it

必须，不得不〔指有必要或被迫做某事〕

We don’t have to rush – there’s plenty of time.

我们不必着急——有的是时间。

I hate having to get up early in the morning.

If you earn more than £5,000, you will have to pay tax.

如果你收入超过5,000英镑，就得交税了。

I’ve got to be at the hospital at 4 o'clock.

It’ll have to be on a Sunday. I’ll be working every other day.

必须在星期天，其他日子我都上班。

In writing, people often prefer to say someone [is forced to do](bold)  something or [is obliged to do](bold)  something, as these sound more formal than [have to do](bold)  something:

[They [had to ](bold)pay tax on the full amount.](strike)

They [were obliged to](bold) pay tax on the full amount.

[Many businesses [have had to](bold) close.](strike)

Many businesses have [been forced to](bold) close.

used to say that it is important that something happens, or that something must happen if something else is to happen

必须，一定〔指做某事很重要〕；只有 …（才 …）

There will have to be a complete ceasefire before the Government will agree to talks.

只有完全停火后，政府才会同意举行会谈。

You have to be good to succeed in this game.

这个游戏要过关得有真本事。

used to tell someone how to do something

First of all you have to mix the flour and the butter.

首先要将面粉和黄油混合在一起。

used to say that you are sure that something will happen or something is true

House prices have to go up sooner or later.

No one else could have done it – it had to be Neville.

不可能是其他人干的——肯定是内维尔。

used to suggest that someone should do something because you think it would be enjoyable or useful

一定要〔用于提议某人做某事〕

You’ll have to come and meet my wife some time.

你什么时候一定要来我家见见我太太。

used when something annoying happens in a way that things always seem to happen

非得〔指讨厌的事常常这样发生〕

Of course, it had to happen today, when all the shops are shut.

偏偏赶在今天，所有的商店都关门了。

used to say that only one thing or person is good enough or right for someone

只有，只能是〔表示只有某一事物或人令某人满意〕

For Francesca it has to be the Ritz – nowhere else will do.

弗朗西丝卡一定要住丽思酒店——其他地方都不行。

used to ask someone to stop doing something that annoys you

Lieutenant, do you have to keep repeating everything I’ve just said?

中尉，我说什么你都非得重复一遍吗？

used to show that you are making an honest statement even though it may be embarrassing for you

I have to say I don’t know the first thing about computers.

不得不说，我对计算机一窍不通。


haven

→ [safe haven](->safe haven) → [tax haven](->tax haven)

a place where people or animals can live peacefully or go to in order to be safe

The riverbanks are a haven for wildlife.

河的两岸是野生动植物的栖息地。

圣艾夫斯是艺术家的圣地。

[a haven of peace/tranquillity/calm](bold)

In the middle of the city, this garden is a haven of tranquillity.

在市中心，这座花园是一处宁静之地。


hay

[a roll in the hay](bold) at → [roll](->roll) 2 sense 10

long grass that has been cut and dried, used as food for cattle

〔作牛饲料用的〕干草，饲草

to take the opportunity to do something now, because you may not be able to do it later

晒草要趁太阳好；抓紧时机


hazard

The rubbish needs to be removed before it becomes a health hazard.

The unoccupied building was declared a fire hazard.

Protesters claim that the nuclear reactor is a safety hazard.

Cars parked in the wrong places can cause a traffic hazard.

One of the most widespread natural hazards is flooding.

(=a danger or problem in the environment)

Oil from the tanker caused an environmental hazard.

Lead pipes are a serious hazard to health.

Microwave ovens are a potential hazard if not used properly.

There was concern that overhead power lines could cause a health hazard.

It was not known whether radiation from the weapons posed any hazard to soldiers.

They took steps to eliminate all potential fire hazards.

He led the campaign to recognize and reduce the hazard from radiation in our environment.

something that may be dangerous, or cause accidents or problems

Polluted water sources are a hazard to wildlife.

受污染的水源会对野生生物构成危险。

That pile of rubbish is a [fire hazard](bold)(=something that is likely to cause a fire).

the health hazard posed by lead in petrol

汽油中的铅对健康构成的威胁

the economic hazards of running a small farm

[occupational hazard](bold)(=a danger that exists in a job)

Divorce seems to be an occupational hazard for politicians.

离婚对政客们来说似乎是一种职业风险。


hazard

to say something that is only a suggestion or guess and that might not be correct

$50,000? I don’t know. I’m only [hazarding a guess](bold).

5万美元？我不知道，我只是瞎猜。

to risk losing your money, property etc in an attempt to gain something


hazardous

dangerous, especially to people’s health or safety

→see THESAURUS at [dangerous](->dangerous)   →see THESAURUS at [harmful](->harmful)

The chemicals in paint can be [hazardous to health](bold).

油漆中的化学物质可能对健康有害。


he

[pron](bold) <[used as the subject of a verb](bold)>

used to refer to a man, boy, or male animal that has already been mentioned or is already known about

‘Where’s Paul?’ ‘He’s gone to the cinema.’

“保罗在哪儿？”“他去看电影了。”

used when talking about someone who may be male or female. Some people think this use is old-fashioned.

人，他〔泛指男性或女性，有人认为这种用法过时〕

Everyone should do what he considers best.

每个人都应按照自己认为最好的去做。


he

I discovered that Mel wasn’t a he, but a she.

我发现梅尔不是男人，而是女人。