lighting

the lights that light a room, building, or street, or the quality of the light produced

照明设备；〔照明的〕光线，灯光

Better [street lighting](bold) might help to reduce crime.

改善街道照明或许有助于减少犯罪。

Fluorescent lighting is much cheaper to use than light bulbs.

使用荧光灯照明比用普通灯泡便宜得多。

[subdued/dim/soft lighting](bold)(=lighting that is not very bright)


lightly

with only a small amount of weight or force

using or having only a small amount of something

Divorce is not a matter you can afford to take lightly.

to be punished in a way that is less severe than you deserve

He got off lightly because his father was a lawyer.

他获得轻判，因为父亲是一名律师。

without worrying, or without appearing to be worried

“会没事的。”他轻松地说。


lightning

Suddenly there was a flash of lightning and a roll of thunder.

A series of lightning flashes crackled overhead.

(=lightning that appears as a long white line)

The tree was struck by a lightning bolt.

(=an occasion when lightning hits something)

A lightning strike sent a surge through the electricity supply system.

After a few minutes, the thunder and lightning moved further away.

Lightning flashed in the sky, and there was a loud crash of thunder.

(=lightning that appears as lines connected to each other)

(=lightning that appears as a sudden flash of brightness covering a large area of sky)

Thunder rumbled and sheet lightning flashed ominously among the clouds.

a powerful flash of light in the sky caused by electricity and usually followed by thunder

Two farm workers were [struck by lightning](bold)(=hit by lightning).

两个农场工人遭闪电击中。

Mitch moved like lightning and caught the little girl before she fell.

米奇眼疾手快，一把抓住了小女孩，没有让她摔倒。

something bad or unpleasant is not likely to happen to the same people or in the same place twice

闪电不在一处打两次；倒霉的事不可能在同一人身上〔同一场所〕重复发生；事不过二


lightning

闪电般的，很快的〔往往事先没有警告〕

[at/with lightning speed](bold)(=extremely quickly)


like

similar to something else, or happening in the same way

她的头发是深褐色的，和我的一样。

俱乐部就应该像一个大家庭。

那花园看上去就像是一个热带丛林。

他终于感到自己像一个真正的军人了。

My experience is [very much like](bold) that described in the book.

我的经历很像这本书上说的那样。

Sometimes you sound [just like](bold)(=exactly like) my mum!

有时候你听上去简直就像我妈！

He’s growing [more like](bold) his father every day.

他一天比一天长得更像他的父亲。

He looked [nothing like](bold)(=not at all like) the man in the police photograph.

他看上去一点也不像警方照片上的那个人。

used when asking someone to describe or give their opinion of a person or thing

某人/某物是什么样的？某人/某物怎么样？

他们的房子里面是什么样子的？

[Things like](bold) glass, paper, and plastic can all be recycled.

玻璃、纸张、塑料之类的东西都可以回收利用。

Try to avoid fatty foods like cakes and biscuits.

尽量不要吃蛋糕和饼干之类的高脂食品。

In written English, people usually use [for example](bold) , [for instance](bold) , or [such as](bold)  rather than [like](bold) :

packaging materials, [for instance](bold) paper, glass, and plastic

Try to avoid fatty foods [such as](bold) cakes and biscuits.

这不像史蒂文，他不会迟到的。

It’s [just like](bold) her to run away from her responsibilities!

她就是这样，总是逃避责任！

used when you are showing someone how to do something

像这样〔用于教人做某事时〕

You have to fold the corners back, like so.

你得把角折回去，像这样。

if you do something just like that, you do it without thinking about it or planning it carefully

就像那样〔表示做某事没有经过仔细思考或计划〕

You can’t give up your job just like that!

你不能就那样把工作辞了！

not much more or less than a particular amount

The machinery alone will cost something like thirty thousand pounds.

单是机器就要花费大约3万英镑。

He’s scored something like 60 goals this season.

这个赛季他进了约60个球。

Twenty years ago travel was nothing like as easy as it is now.

20年前旅行根本不像现在这样方便。

This will be [nothing like enough](bold) money.

used to say that a particular thing is very enjoyable

没有什么能比得上一杯好茶了！

used when giving an amount or number that you think is closer to being right than one that has been mentioned

更可能像[是]〔用于提供较之前提及的更准确的数量或数目〕

The builders say they’ll be finished in three months, but I think it’ll be more like six.

建筑商说他们会在三个月内完工，但是我认为六个月的可能性更大。

that’s more like it/this is more like it

used to say that something is better, more correct, or more enjoyable than something else

那还比较像样，这还差不多

That gives us a total of 52 – that’s more like it.

那样我们得出的总数是52个——这还比较像样。

She sat down by the pool and took a sip of her wine. ‘This is more like it,’ she said.

她在泳池旁边坐下来，抿了一口葡萄酒。“这还差不多。”她说。

used when you want to change something that has been said, to make it more true

应该说，说成是 …还差不多

‘Poor David,’ she said. ‘Poor Harriet, more like it!’

“可怜的戴维，”她说，“应该说是可怜的哈丽雅特！”

used in a joking, friendly way, when you are surprised by what someone has just said or done

你什么人哪！你怎么回事！〔一种开玩笑的友好说法，表示惊异于对方的说法或做法〕

‘I think she’s a lovely lady.’ ‘What are you like!’

“我觉得她是一位可爱的女士。”“你怎么回事！”


like

You [like](bold)  someone or something: I like my teacher. She likes tennis.

You [like doing](bold)  something: She likes playing tennis.

You [like to do](bold)  something: She likes to play tennis at weekends.
Don’t say: [She likes play tennis.](strike)

[Like doing](bold)  something and [like to do](bold)  something both mean the same thing. You use [like to do](bold)  especially when saying that someone does something regularly or often.

[Like ](bold)  is not usually used in the progressive. You say: I like animals. She liked to make cakes.
Don’t say: [I am liking animals.](strike)  [She was liking to make cakes.](strike)

In spoken English, people sometimes say [I’m liking](bold)  to describe their present feelings about something that is happening right now or that they have just seen or heard about: I’m liking this music – what is it?

to think that someone or something is nice

I like your dress – it’s a beautiful colour.

I like to see the children enjoying themselves.

to like someone or something, especially something that you have liked for a long time or someone who you have known for a long time

Over the years, I’ve become quite fond of him.

He had always been fond of drinking at lunchtime, perhaps too fond.

to like someone or something – often used in negative sentences

I like Maria but I’m not keen on her husband.

Our English teacher was very keen on Shakespeare, but I couldn’t stand him.

I know he’s keen on opera. Let’s take him to see ‘La Traviata’.

I’m quite keen on the idea of having a fancy dress party.

to like doing a particular activity or be interested in a particular subject – used especially by young people

to like someone or something, especially something surprising or unusual

to like to have something – often used humorously

He’s partial to the occasional glass of wine.

used when saying that you begin to like something, especially something that you did not like before

I didn’t like the colour of the room at first, but it’s growing on me.

to like something very much. [Adore](bold) is stronger than [love](bold) but is less common

The children absolutely adore her books.

(also: be mad about sth (BrE) (informal) )

to be extremely interested in an activity and spend a lot of time doing it or watching it

to like an activity very much, because it gives you a lot of pleasure or excitement

From a very early age he had a passion for fast cars.

To be a great performer, you have to work very hard and have a passion for the music you play.

to like doing something so much that you spend all your free time doing it

My son’s addicted to computer games – he hardly ever comes out of his room.

I started watching the show out of curiosity, but now I’m addicted!

to enjoy something or think that it is nice or good

I don’t [like it](bold) when you get angry.

我不喜欢你生气时的样子。

[How](bold) do you [like](bold) living in London (=how much do you like it)?

我不喜欢在公共场合说话。

I like to see people enjoying themselves.

我喜欢看到人们玩得开心。

The time I [like best](bold)(=like most of all) is the evening when it’s cool.

我最喜欢的是傍晚凉爽的时候。

One of the things I like about John is his sense of humour.

我喜欢约翰的一点就是他的幽默感。

I didn’t [like the idea](bold) of being a single parent.

to think that someone is nice or enjoy being with them

Jessica’s really nice, but I don’t like her boyfriend.

杰茜卡人很好，可我不喜欢她的男朋友。

She’s a lovely girl and I [like](bold) her [very much](bold).

她是个很可爱的女孩，我非常喜欢她。

In time, I [got to like](bold) her (=began to like her).

一段时间之后，我开始喜欢她了。

to approve of something and think that it is good or right

I don’t [like the way](bold) he shouts at the children.

我不喜欢他那样对孩子们吼叫。

He’s never liked talking about people behind their backs.

他从来不喜欢在背后议论别人。

I don’t like him taking all the credit when he didn’t do any of the work.

我不喜欢他什么事也没做却独占功劳。

She doesn’t like to swear in front of the children.

她不喜欢在小孩子面前说粗话。

to try to do something regularly or make something happen regularly

I like to get up early and get a bit of work done before breakfast.

我喜欢早起，在吃早餐前干点活。

We like our students to take part in college sports activities.

我们希望学生参加学院的体育活动。

used to say that you want something or want to do something

想要，希望〔用于表示想要某物或做某事〕

I’d like to apologize for my behaviour yesterday.

我想为我昨天的行为道歉。

I’d [just like](bold) to say how grateful we are for your help.

我只想说，我们非常感激你的帮助。

He would like us all to be at the meeting.

他希望我们全都参加会议。

used to ask someone if they want something or want to do something

想要〔用于问某人是否想要某物或做某事〕

Contact our office if you would like more information.

若要了解详情，请与我们的办事处联系。

[How would you like](bold)(=would you like) to spend the summer in Italy?

你想到意大利去过夏天吗？

Would you like me to pick you up in the morning?

whatever thing you want, in whatever place you want etc

你喜欢的任何事物/任何地方/任何东西等

You can choose anything you like from the menu.

as long as you like/as much as you like etc

You know you’re welcome to stay with us as long as you like.

你知道的，你在我们家可以想住多久住多久。

used to emphasize that something unpleasant is true or will happen and cannot be changed

不管你喜不喜欢〔强调令人讨厌的事是真的或即将发生，并且无法改变〕

Like it or not, people are often judged by their appearance.

不管你喜不喜欢，大家都往往以貌取人。

used to say that you wish or hope something is true, when you are not sure that it is

我倒是想[希望]( …)〔用于表示希望某事是真的，但不肯定〕

I’d like to think that we offer an excellent service.

我倒是希望我们能提供出色的服务。

I would like to believe that the company can be successful in the future.

我愿意相信公司将来能取得成功。

to click a Facebook ‘like’ button on a webpage to show that you like or agree with something

used to suggest or offer something to someone

如果你愿意〔用于提出建议或提供某物〕

I can give you her phone number, if you like.

如果你要的话，我可以把她的电话号码给你。

如果你愿意，我可以陪你去。

used to agree to something, even if it is not really what you want yourself

要是你喜欢，随便你〔用于表示同意，即使并非自己所愿〕

‘Shall we get a takeaway on the way home?’ ‘If you like.’

“我们回家路上买份外卖好吗？”“随便你。”

used to suggest one possible way of describing something or someone

可以说是〔用于提出形容某物或某人的可行方法〕

We don’t have a proper agreement, but we have an informal understanding, if you like.

我们没有签正式的协议，但是可以说，我们有了非正式的协定。

你觉得亚历克斯喜欢我吗？

used to say that you do not believe someone can do something

我倒要看看你/他如何做某事〔表示不相信某人能做某事〕

I’d like to see you organize a conference!

我倒要看看你是怎样筹办大会的！

used to ask someone to imagine how they would feel if something bad happened to them instead of to you or someone else

如果 …你会有什么样的感觉？〔用于让人换位设想，如果不好的事情发生在自己身上会如何〕

How would you like being left alone for hours in a strange place?

如果把你一个人丢在陌生的地方好几个小时，你会有什么感觉？

How would you like it if someone treated you in that way?

如果有人那样对你，你会怎么想？

used to say that what someone has said or done is rude and unfair

亏你说得出口[干得出来]！〔用于表示对粗鲁和不公正言行的反感〕

I like that! She didn’t even say thank you!

真亏她做得出来！连句谢谢的话都没有！

used to say that someone must accept a situation or decision they do not like because it cannot be changed

喜不喜欢都得这样〔用于表示某种情形或某个决定不能改变而只能接受〕


like

the things that someone likes and does not like

We all have our own likes and dislikes when it comes to food.

说到食物，我们都有自己的好恶。

Soldiers, policemen, and the like were all called in to help with the emergency.

军队、警察等都奉令来应付这一突发事件。

They believe that the government does not spend enough money on health, education, and such like.

他们认为，政府在卫生、教育等方面投入的经费不够。

used to talk about someone you do not like or do not approve of

类似某人/某物的人/物〔用于谈论不喜欢或不赞同的人或物〕

I don’t want you spending time with the likes of him.

我不希望你和他这种人交往。

used to talk about people of a particular type

…的一类人/物〔用以谈论某种人或事物〕

Information is collected through the likes of the FBI, CIA, and Scotland Yard.

情报是通过联邦调查局、中央情报局和苏格兰场这一类的机构收集来的。

something similar to someone or a particular person or thing, or of equal importance or value

像某人/某物一样的人/物

This will be a show the like of which has never been seen before.

这将会是一个前所未见的节目。

The man was a genius. We shall not see his like again.

那人是个天才，我们将再也见不到这样的人了。


like

in the same way as. Some people consider this use to be incorrect

像 …一样，如同〔有些人认为这种用法不正确〕

No one else can score goals like he can!

Don’t talk to me like you talk to a child.

不要像跟孩子说话那样跟我说话。

used when you are repeating something that you have already said

Like I said, I don’t mind helping out on the day.

我说过了，我不介意那天去帮忙。

I’m sorry, but, like I say, she’s not here at the moment.

对不起，不过如我所说，她这会儿不在这里。

as if. Some people think that this use is not correct English

好像，似乎〔有些人认为这种用法不正确〕

他看着我，就好像我是个疯子。

这肉闻上去好像已经变质了。


like

used in speech to fill a pause while you are thinking what to say next

嗯〔用在说话中填补思考下文时出现的停顿〕

当时我，呃，就站在那里。

used to tell the exact words someone used

I asked Dave if he wanted to go, and he’s like, no way!

我问戴夫想不想去，他说，“决不！”

used to describe an event, feeling, or person, when it is difficult to describe or when you use a noise instead of words

我/他/她就这个样子〔用于描述难以形容的事件、感情或人，或用声音代替语言〕

She was like, huh?(=she did not understand)

The ambulance will be too late, as like as not.

等救护车来很可能已经太晚了。


like

The second dispute was sorted out in a like manner.

第二次纠纷也是用类似的方式解决了。

They get on well together because they are [of like mind](bold).

他们志趣相投，因而关系不错。

Try to buy two fish [of like size](bold).


likelihood

the degree to which something can reasonably be expected to happen

Using a seatbelt will reduce the likelihood of serious injury in a car accident.

系安全带可以降低在车祸中受重伤的可能性。

There was very little likelihood of her getting the job.

她得到这份工作的可能性很小。

They must face the likelihood that the newspaper might go bankrupt.

他们必须面对这个可能性——报社也许会破产。

If I refused, it would in all likelihood mean I’d lose my job.

如果我拒绝，那我十有八九会丢掉工作。


likely

It did not seem very likely that he was still alive.

At this age, boys were more likely than girls to be active in sports.

As parents, if we expect bad behaviour we are quite likely to get it.

The smallest puppies are the least likely to survive.

It seems hardly likely that she would tell her husband about it.

The project looked increasingly likely to fail.

What is the most likely explanation for the way she acted?

Consider the options open to you, and their likely consequences.

(=the likely effect or influence of something)

What is the likely impact of the new factory on the local environment?

[comparative](italic) [likelier](bold) [superlative](italic) [likeliest](bold)

something that is likely will probably happen or is probably true

可能的；可能发生的；可能属实的

What are the likely effects of the law going to be?

这条法规可能会产生什么样的影响？

the most [likely cause](bold) of the problem

最有可能造成这个问题的原因

Children who live in the country’s rural areas are [very likely](bold) to be poor.

住在该国乡村地区的孩子大多很贫穷。

Young drivers are far more likely to have accidents than older drivers.

年轻司机发生车祸的可能性要远远大于年长的司机。

It is [more than likely](bold)(=almost certain) the votes will have to be counted again.

选票很有可能要重新点算。

It could have been an accident, but that was [hardly likely](bold)(=not very likely).

这有可能是意外事故，但可能性不大。

He could offer no [likely explanation](bold) when I asked him.

我问他的时候，他不能给出一个合理的解释。

the three most [likely candidates](bold) for president

最有可能当选的三位总统候选人

One likely source of energy is wind power.

有一种合适的能源就是风能。

used to tell someone you do not believe what they have just said

说得像真的似的〔用于告诉某人你不相信他刚才说的话〕


likely

I’d very likely have done the same thing in your situation.

我要是处在你这种情况，也很有可能会那样做的。

[(as) likely as not](bold) [spoken](special)(=very probably)

As likely as not, the meeting will take place in the village pub.

会议很有可能就在村子的酒馆里开。

used to disagree strongly, or to say that something will not happen

才不呢！不可能！〔表示强烈反对或断言某事不会发生〕

‘He said you’d be giving them a lift.’ ‘Not likely!’

“他说你会让他们搭便车。”“才不呢！”


likewise

Nanny put on a shawl and told the girls to [do likewise](bold).

南妮披上披肩，并叫女孩们也这样做。

The clams were delicious. Likewise, the eggplant was excellent.

蛤蜊味道鲜美，茄子也同样美味。

used to return someone’s greeting or polite statement

也一样〔用于回应问候或客气话〕

‘You’re always welcome at our house.’ ‘Likewise.’

“欢迎你随时来我家做客。”“你也一样。”


likewise

也一样〔用于回应问候或客气话〕

“欢迎你随时来我家做客。”“你也一样。”


limb

[risk life and limb](bold) at → [risk](->risk) 2 sense 1 [tear sb limb from limb](bold) at → [tear](->tear) 2 sense 9

All the other countries signed the agreement, leaving Britain out on a limb.

其他国家都签署了协议，使英国处于孤立无援的境地。

He’d [gone out on a limb](bold)(=taken a risk) to help us.


lime

a small juicy green fruit with a sour taste, or the tree this grows on

a tree with pleasant-smelling yellow flowers

a white substance obtained by burning limestone, used for making cement, marking sports fields etc


lime

给〔土壤〕施石灰肥料〔以控制酸性〕


limit

the highest number, speed, temperature etc that is allowed by a law or rule

He borrowed money up to the limit that the bank allowed.

There’s no limit on the amount of money that may be brought into the US.

Pollution levels are over the official limit.

Some families set limits on how much they spend on each other’s Christmas present.

rules or laws that strictly control what you are allowed to do

Travel restrictions might reduce the spread of the disease.

Unions are pressing for restrictions on steel imports from Japan.

Because of restrictions on reporting, newspapers were not allowed to cover the story.

New restrictions have been imposed on immigration.

limits on what a person or thing is able to do – used especially when you would like to be able to do more

The president was unwilling to accept limitations on his power.

Hikers should know their physical limitations and not take unnecessary risks.

facts or conditions that limit what you can do, for example not having enough time, money etc

Financial constraints are forcing many people in their twenties to live with their parents.

The last part of the show had to be cut because of time constraints.

The constraints of prison life are sometimes too much for people to bear.

the largest number or amount that is possible, normal, or allowed

Classes have a maximum of twenty students.

What’s the maximum you can earn before you have to pay tax?

the smallest number or amount that is possible or allowed

He was sentenced to a minimum of 25 years in prison.

Our aim is to reduce the number of accidents to an absolute minimum.

the largest number or amount of something that is officially allowed

There is a ceiling on the amount of foreign investment.

Import quotas may rise from the present ceiling of 18.5 million to 20 million.

Congress was once again considering raising the federal debt ceiling.

Set a time limit for the completion of the task.

We have to put a limit on the number of participants.

He reported a driver for exceeding the speed limit.

Borrowers who go over the spending limit set by the credit card company are penalised.

There is no upper limit on the amount you can borrow.

Ensure the temperature in the aquarium does not fall below the lower limit.

The alcohol in his blood was four times more than the legal limit.

Too many people go over the speed limit in residential areas.

The time limit for making a claim is three months.

The lower age limit for entering the Royal Marines is sixteen.

There are strict spending limits imposed by law on all candidates.

(=limits on how much time a politician can spend in office)

Should Senators be subject to term limits?

the greatest or least amount, number, speed etc that is allowed

My wife and I set a limit on how much we spend on clothes.

我和妻子给服装的开支设定了一个限额。

Pesticide levels in drinking water are already above legal limits in many areas.

许多地区的饮用水中所含杀虫剂浓度已超出法定限度。

the greatest possible amount of something that can exist or be obtained

〔现有的或可获取的〕最大量，极限

He’d [reached the limit](bold) of his patience.

Our finances are already [stretched to the limit](bold)(=we do not have any extra money).

我们的财力已经用到了极限。

[There’s no limit to](bold) what you can do if you try.

如果你努力的话，成就无可限量。

the furthest point or edge of a place, often one that must not be passed

〔常指不可以通过的〕界限，边界

He had not been outside the limits of the prison walls for 20 years.

他已经20年没出过监狱高墙了。

The public is not allowed within a 2-mile limit of the missile site.

公众不得进入导弹发射场两英里范围内。

beyond the area where someone is allowed to go

That area of beach was off limits to us ‘city kids’.

我们“城市孩子”不得进入那个沙滩区域。

beyond what you are allowed to do or have

His private life is off limits to the press.

他的私生活不容媒体涉足。

within the time, level, amount etc considered acceptable

You can come and go when you want – within limits.

你可以自由来去——但要有分寸。

to have drunk more alcohol than is legal or safe for driving

to know what you are good at doing and what you are not good at

I know my limits. I’m not an administrator.

我有自知之明，我不是搞管理的料。

to have a set of rules about what is reasonable behaviour, and to not accept behaviour that does not follow these rules

I have my limits. You will not use that kind of nasty language in class.

我有我的原则，你在课堂上不能用那种污秽的语言。


limit

to stop an amount or number from increasing beyond a particular point

a decision to limit imports of foreign cars

to stop someone from doing what they want or from developing and improving beyond a particular point

限制，制约〔某人的发展等〕

A lack of formal education will limit your job opportunities.

缺乏正规教育会令你的就业机会受到局限。

I limit myself to two cups of coffee a day.

我限制自己一天只喝两杯咖啡。

to exist or happen only in a particular place, group, or area of activity

局限于某处[团体，范围]


limitation

ˌlɪmɪˈteɪʃən

ˌlɪmɪˈteɪʃən

Spending limitations have been placed on the council's housing budget.

(=an emphatic way of saying to place limitations on something)

The government has imposed severe limitations on the types of food that can be imported.

(=do more than you would normally be able or allowed to do)

Can men and women ever transcend the limitations of their roles?

(=know what your qualities or abilities will allow you to do)

Know your limitations, and don't exercise too hard or you'll get injured.

Take pride in your achievements, but accept your limitations.

(=show where something or someone is not very good)

The film shows his limitations as a actor.

This approach to the problem has serious limitations.

(=limitations that are a natural part of something)

We recognize the inherent limitations of our research.

This odd effect on the film results from technical limitations in the video equipment.

He has physical limitations which prevent him from lifting heavy objects.

Practical limitations, such as a shortage of equipment, may prevent them from achieving their goal.

Certain legal limitations are placed on the scope of Parliament's power.

the act or process of controlling or reducing something

Any limitation to the king’s power could be permanent.

对国王权力的任何限制都有可能是永久性的。

[damage limitation](bold) at → [damage](->damage) 1 sense 3

qualities that stop someone or something from being as good or as effective as you wish they could be

〔某人或某事物的〕局限性，不足之处

Despite the limitations of the survey, it did suggest some general trends.

这次调查尽管有局限性，但也确实说明了一些普遍的倾向。

It’s a good little car, but it [has](bold) its [limitations](bold).

这是一辆很好的小汽车，但也有不足之处。

a rule or condition that stops something from increasing beyond a particular point

a limitation on the number of hours children can work

The new law imposes limitations on campaign contributions.

新的法律给竞选捐款规定了限额。


limited

not very great in amount, number, ability etc

There are only a limited number of tickets available.

My knowledge of the business is limited.

The organization has very [limited resources](bold).

So far, the education reforms have had only [limited success](bold).

迄今为止，教育改革只取得了有限的成效。

Unfortunately, the drug is of limited value in treating cancer.

遗憾的是，该药对于治疗癌症作用有限。

used after the name of British business companies that have limited liability

有限责任的〔置于英国有限责任公司名称之后〕


line

[draw the line at](bold) at → [draw](->draw) 1 sense 16 [draw a line (between sth)](bold) at → [draw](->draw) 1 sense 15 [where do you draw the line?](bold) at → [draw](->draw) 1 sense 17 [draw a line under sth](bold) at → [draw](->draw) 1 sense 18 [hard line](bold) at → [hard](->hard) 1 sense 21 [hook, line and sinker](bold) at → [hook](->hook) 1 sense 9 [lay sth on the line](bold) at → [lay](->lay) 2 sense 18 → [picket line](->picket line) [the poverty line/level](bold) at → [poverty](->poverty) sense 2 [read between the lines](bold) at → [read](->read) 1 sense 14

a long thin mark on a piece of paper, the ground, or another surface

The teacher put a red line through the first sentence.

If the ball goes over the line, it’s out of play.

a thin line that has been cut into a surface

Deep grooves had been cut into the stone to channel the water.

Lyle ran his fingernail along the groove in the table.

a deep line in the ground which has been made by the wheels of vehicles

The deep ruts made by the trucks were full of water.

The tractor’s wheels caught a rut in the field and jolted him.

a line on clothes, material, or paper where it has been folded or crushed

She was trying to smooth out the creases in her dress.

She had wrinkles in her skirt where she had sat.

The deep lines on his forehead showed that he was a worried man.

a deep line on someone’s face caused by becoming old

The manufacturers claim that the cream will reduce wrinkles.

Even with a few wrinkles, she still looks great.

Draw a [straight line](bold) across the top of the page.

在这一页的上方画一条直线。

Sign your name on the [dotted line](bold)(=line made up of a series of dots).

The edges of the pitch are marked by white lines.

The goalkeeper just managed to stop the ball going over the line.

守门员刚好把球截住，没有让它越过球门线。

an imaginary line on the surface of the Earth, for example showing where one country or area of land stops and another begins

分界线，边界线〔地理上的假想线〕

He was born in a small town just across the state line.

他的出生地正好位于州界线另一边的一个小镇。

They were still travelling along the same line of longitude.

他们依旧在同一条经线上飞行。

→ [International Date Line](->International Date Line)

a row of people or things next to each other

There was a line of fir trees on either side of the road.

The four men were [standing in a line](bold) on the other side of the table.

那四个男人在桌子的另一边站成一排。

A couple of the posts were [out of line](bold)(=not in a straight row).

a row of people, cars etc that are waiting one behind the other

〔人、汽车等在等候时排的〕队，队伍

I looked in despair at the long line in front of the ticket office.

我绝望地看着售票处前面的长队。

I joined the line of vehicles waiting to get into the car park.

我排进车辆的队伍，等着进停车场。

Customers stood in line for 20 minutes at the cash register.

顾客在收银机前排了20分钟的队。

He tried to [cut in line](bold)(=go in front of other people who are waiting).

The woman [next in line](bold) began to mutter to herself.

排在下一位的那个女人开始嘀嘀咕咕地自言自语。

the direction or imaginary line along which something travels between two places

Light travels [in a straight line](bold).

A boat came into my [line of vision](bold)(=the direction I was looking in).

[line of fire/attack/movement etc](bold)(=the direction in which someone shoots, attacks, moves etc)

I was directly in the animal’s line of attack.

我正好处于那动物的攻击方向。

They knew they needed to block their enemy’s [supply lines](bold)(=the direction used for carrying supplies of food etc).

他们知道必须封锁敌人的补给线。

She frowned, and [deep lines](bold) appeared between her eyebrows.

她皱起眉头，眉心出现深深的皱纹。

There were [fine lines](bold) around her eyes.

No one can avoid lines and wrinkles as they get older.

人年纪大了免不了长皱纹。

I’m sorry, [the line is busy](bold)(=someone is already using it).

There seems to be a fault [on the line](bold).

There was a click, then [the line went dead](bold)(=suddenly stopped working completely).

Henry is [on the line](bold)(=on the phone) from New York.

I [got on the line to](bold)(=phoned) the hospital as soon as I heard about the accident.

我一听说这起事故就打电话去医院。

I wished he would just [get off the line](bold).

I’m sorry, it’s a [bad line](bold) and I can’t hear you.

对不起，线路不好，我听不见你说话。

[Hold the line](bold)(=wait on the phone), please, and I’ll put you through to our sales department.

请别挂电话，我给你接我们的销售部。

Do you have a separate line for your modem?

你的调制解调器有独立的电话线吗？

We were delayed because of a problem further along the line.

我们因为前方路轨故障晚点了。

When you get to central London, take the Victoria Line to Finsbury Park.

你到了伦敦市中心以后，乘维多利亚线到芬斯伯里公园。

[railway line](bold) BrE, [railroad line](bold) AmE

The trail follows a disused railroad line along the edge of the valley.

这条小路沿着山谷边缘一条废弃的铁路线延伸。

the point at which one type of thing can be considered to be something else or at which it becomes a particular thing

There is a [fine line](bold) between superstition and religion.

迷信与宗教之间只有一线之隔。

The [dividing line](bold) between luxuries and necessities is constantly changing.

奢侈品和必需品之间的界线一直在变化。

Sometimes he found it hard to [draw the line](bold) between work and pleasure.

有时候他觉得很难划清工作和娱乐之间的界线。

Her remarks did not quite [cross the line](bold) into rudeness.

Large numbers of families are living on or near the [poverty line](bold)(=the point at which people are considered to be very poor).

很多家庭生活在贫困线上或贫困线的边缘。

the outer shape of something long or tall

〔长或高的物件的〕线条，轮廓，外形

She was wearing a loose dress which softened the lines of her body.

她穿着一条宽松的连衣裙，身体的曲线变得柔和了。

a modern building with clean, elegant lines.

一幢线条简洁优雅的现代化建筑

a line of written words, for example in a poem or a document

他引用了莎士比亚的一些诗句。

He liked to introduce himself with a witty opening line.

他喜欢用一句俏皮的开场白作自我介绍。

This was one of his favourite [chat-up lines](bold)(=remark for impressing someone you want to attract).

这是他最爱用的搭讪话之一。

words that someone has to learn and say as part of a play or performance

It always took me ages to [learn](bold) my [lines](bold).

我总是要花很长时间才能记住台词。

an opinion or attitude, especially one that someone states publicly and that influences their actions

〔尤指公开表明并影响本人行为的〕态度，方针，路线

I can’t agree with the government’s line on immigration.

我不能认同政府在移民问题上的态度。

Journalists are often too willing to accept [the official line](bold)(=the opinion that a government states officially).

记者对官方说法往往很乐意接受。

He found it hard to accept [the party line](bold)(=the official opinion of a political party) on every issue.

他觉得很难在每个问题上都认同党的路线。

[take a tough/firm/hard line on sth](bold)

The school takes a very tough line on drugs.

[toe the line](bold) at → [toe](->toe) 2

a particular way of doing something or of thinking about something

[line of argument/reasoning/inquiry etc](bold)

It seemed useless to pursue this line of questioning.

照这样盘问下去好像没有用。

Opposition parties soon realized they would have to try a different line of attack.

不久反对派就意识到，他们必须改变攻击方法。

The police are [following](bold) several different [lines](bold) of enquiry.

警方正在采用几种不同的调查方法。

We were both thinking [along the same lines](bold)(=in the same way).

In South Africa, the press developed [along](bold) very different [lines](bold)(=in a very different way).

在南非，报刊的发展方向很不一样。

More groups will now be set up [on these lines](bold)(=this way).

现在将会有更多的团体以这种方式成立。

The company’s rapid success means it’s definitely [on the right lines](bold)(=doing something the right way).

公司的迅速兴起说明它肯定是走对了路。

a series of events that follow each other

This is the latest in a [long line](bold) of political scandals.

这是一连串政治丑闻中最近发生的一桩。

the edge of an area that is controlled by an army, where soldiers stay and try to prevent their enemy from moving forward

They finally broke through the German line.

他们终于突破了德军防线。

young soldiers who were sent to the [front line](bold) to fight

被送去前线作战的年轻士兵

One regiment was trapped behind [enemy lines](bold).

有一个团被困在敌军后方。

Reinforcements were available just [behind the lines](bold).

a series of levels of authority within an organization

Decisions are taken by senior officers and fed down through the [line of command](bold) to the ordinary soldiers.

高级军官作出决策，然后通过各级指挥传达给普通士兵。

There should be more direct discussion between managers and workers [lower down the line](bold).

管理人员和下层职员之间应该有更直接的商讨。

a piece of strong string, rope, or wire used for a particular purpose

〔作某用途的〕一段绳子[电线等]

She hung the clothes out on the [washing line](bold)(=line for hanging wet clothes on to dry).

她把衣服挂在外面的晾衣绳上。

The [fishing line](bold)(=line for catching fish) snapped and the fish got away.

钓鱼线啪的一声绷断，鱼儿逃走了。

〔商店货品的〕种类，类型

The company has just launched a new line of small, low-priced computers.

这家公司刚刚推出新款价格低廉的小型电脑。

We usually start with general questions [along the lines of](bold), ‘How do you feel?’

我们开始交谈时，通常会问“你感觉如何？”这类笼统的问题。

They’re trying to organize a trip to the beach or [something along those lines](bold).

他们正在想法安排一次去海滨的旅行或类似的活动。

if people divide along religious, party etc lines, they divide according to the religion, political party, or other group they belong to

按照宗教/民族/党派等(划分)

The committee was [split along](bold) party [lines](bold).

The community remains [divided along](bold) religious [lines](bold).

这个社区依然根据宗教分成不同的群体。

using a computer to get information or to communicate with people

Most of our sales staff now work on line.

我们的销售人员现在大多在线操作。

a new nuclear reactor which should be on line by 2005

应于2005年前启用的一个新核反应堆

If there is a power failure, the emergency generators should come on line within 15 minutes.

如果停电，应急发电机应在15分钟内开始运转。

to write a short letter or email to someone

给某人写短信[电子邮件]

Drop me a line and let me know how you’re getting on.

给我写封短信，告诉我你的近况。

used to say that you do not believe someone’s excuse

别跟我来那一套〔表示不相信对方的借口〕

I know for a fact you weren’t sick yesterday, so don’t give me that line.

我确定你昨天没有生病，所以别跟我来这一套。

to start to do what someone else wants you to do, or to make someone do this

一致行动/使某人行动一致

Now that France and Germany have signed up, other countries will soon fall into line.

既然法国和德国都已经签字，其他国家很快就会照办的。

The few party rebels were soon brought into line.

那几个叛党分子不久便就范了。

if something changes in line with something else, it changes in the same way and at the same rate as it

与某事物一致，随着某事物

Pensions will be increased in line with inflation.

退休金会随着通货膨胀而增加。

to change a system so that it works according to a particular set of rules, laws etc

UK immigration procedures will have to be changed to bring them into line with the latest European ruling.

to say or do something that is not acceptable in a particular situation

You just keep quiet! You’re way out of line.

to not obey someone, or to do something that you should not do

Anybody who steps out of line will be in deep trouble.

to be very likely to get or be given something

很有可能获得某物/做某事

[first/second/next etc in line for](bold)

He must be first in line for the editor’s job.

他肯定是最有望得到那份编辑工作的人选。

be first/second/next etc in line to the throne

to be the person who has a right to become a future king or queen

是王位的第一/第二/下一位等继承人

As the eldest son, he was next in line to the throne.

作为长子，他是王位的下一位继承人。

if something important is on the line, there is a risk that you might lose it or something bad could happen to it

有失去的可能；处在危险中

From now on, all our jobs are on the line.

从现在起，我们都有失业的危险。

She knew that her whole future was on the line.

她知道自己前途一片凶险。

[put yourself/your neck on the line (for sb)](bold)(=risk something bad happening to you)

I’ve already put myself on the line for you once, and I’m not going to do it again.

我已经为你冒险过一次，不会再有第二次了。

to be the type of thing that someone is interested in or good at

是某人感兴趣的事；是某人的专长

Acting’s not really in my line, I’m afraid.

to get information about someone or something

获得有关某人/某事的消息

We need to get some kind of a line on these guys.

我们需要了解一下这些家伙的情况。

at some time during an activity or period of time

在某活动[时期]中的某段时间[某个时刻]

Somewhere along the line, Errol seemed to have lost interest in her.

这期间有段时间，埃罗尔似乎对她失去了兴趣。

later, after an activity or situation has been continuing for a period of time

There may be more costs further down the line.

往后说不定还有更多的开销。

Now, three years down the line, we’re beginning to see the problems with the treatment.

如今过了三年，我们开始看到这种疗法的问题所在。

在工作期间；在执行任务时

be in the firing line/in the line of fire

to be one of the people who could be criticized or blamed for something

在受批评者之列，成为批评[指责]的对象

As one of the president’s chief advisers, he’s bound to be in the firing line.

作为总统的首席顾问之一，他势必成为批评的对象。

to be in a place where a bullet etc might hit you

A couple of civilians were caught in the firing line.

a punishment given to school children that consists of writing the same thing a lot of times

He got 50 lines for being cheeky to a teacher.

他因为对老师无礼而被罚抄写50遍。

your family, considered as the people you are related to who lived before you and the people who will live after you

It looks as if Joe might be the last of the line (=the last in his family).

看来乔可能是这个家族的最后一代了。

This particular gene is passed down through the male line.

这一特定的基因是由父系遗传的。

[line of succession](bold)(=the system by which an important position or property is passed from a parent to their children, and then to their children etc)

Henry the Eighth wanted a male heir to ensure the Tudor line of succession.

亨利八世想要一名男性继承人来确保都铎王朝的延续。

She’s keen to do something in the fashion line.

她很想在时装行业有所作为。

a company that provides transport for moving goods by sea, air, road etc

他经营一家跨大西洋航运公司。

an amount of an illegal drug in powder form, arranged in a line so it can be breathed in through the nose

〔粉末状毒品在吸食前排成的〕一条，一行


line

to sew a piece of material onto the inside or back of another piece to make it stronger or warmer

to form a layer over the inner surface of something

The birds use small leaves for lining their nests.

鸟儿用小叶子来铺垫鸟巢。

to form rows along the sides of something

人群夹道站在通往王宫的路上。

这条街道两旁小商铺鳞次栉比。

to make yourself richer, especially by doing something dishonest – used to show disapproval


linen

[wash your dirty laundry/linen](bold) at → [dirty](->dirty) 1 sense 7

cloth made from the flax plant, used to make high quality clothes, home decorations etc


liner

a piece of material used inside something, especially in order to keep it clean

〔尤指起保持清洁作用的〕衬里，衬垫


linger

to continue to exist, be noticeable etc for longer than is usual or desirable

继续存留〔较惯常或理想的时间长〕

Unfortunately the tax will linger on until April.

不幸的是，这项税收要持续到4月份。

to stay somewhere a little longer, especially because you do not want to leave

〔尤因不想离开而〕逗留，流连

They lingered over coffee and missed the last bus.

他们多喝了一会儿咖啡，错过了末班公共汽车。

I spent a week at Kandersteg and could happily have lingered on.

我在坎德施泰格逗留了一个星期，本来还可以开开心心地多待几天。

to continue looking at or dealing with something for longer than is usual or desirable

迈克的目光在她的脸上徘徊。

There’s no need to linger over this stage of the interview.

没必要在面试的这个阶段耽搁时间。

to continue to live although you are slowly dying

He surprised all the doctors by lingering on for several weeks.

他拖了几个星期才去世，让所有的医生都很惊讶。


linguist

someone who is good at foreign languages, especially someone who speaks several

通晓外语的人；〔尤指〕会说几种外语的人

someone who studies or teaches linguistics


linguistic

related to language, words, or linguistics


linguistics

lɪŋˈɡwɪstɪks

lɪŋˈɡwɪstɪks

[Linguistics](bold)  is followed by a singular verb: [Linguistics is](bold) the scientific study of language.

the study of language in general and of particular languages, their structure, grammar, and history


lining

a piece of material that covers the inside of something, especially a piece of clothing

〔尤指服装的〕衬里，里子

[every cloud has a silver lining](bold) at → [cloud](->cloud) 1 sense 6

a substance or material that covers the inside of part of the body


link

if two things are linked, they are related in some way

警方认为这些谋杀案之间有关联。

Some birth defects are linked to smoking during pregnancy.

有些先天缺陷与孕期吸烟有关。

[be closely/directly/strongly etc linked](bold)

Our economy is inextricably linked with America’s.

我们的经济和美国经济有着密不可分的关系。

to make a connection between two or more things or people

对大自然的热爱把两位诗人联系在一起。

Exactly how do we link words to objects?

我们到底如何把词语和所指物体联系起来？

Strong family ties still linked them together.

牢固的家庭纽带依然把他们联系在一起。

to physically join two or more things, people, or places

连接〔两个或两个以上的人、物或地点〕

The pipe must be linked to the cold water supply.

这条水管必须和冷水供应系统连接。

The climbers were linked together by ropes.

A long bridge links Venice and the mainland.

一座长桥把威尼斯和大陆连接了起来。

He walked with her, [linking arms](bold)(=putting his arm around her arm).

to show or say that there is a connection between two people, situations, or things

He denied reports linking him to Colombian drug dealers.

有报道称他和哥伦比亚毒贩有联系，对此他矢口否认。

to make one thing or situation depend on another thing or situation

Pay increases will now be linked to performance.

to connect computers, broadcast systems etc, so that electronic messages can be sent between them

连接〔计算机、广播系统等〕

Local terminals are linked to the central computer.

本地终端和中央计算机连接。

to set up a link to a website or webpage

How can I find out who has linked to my blog?

我如何才能知道谁链接到了我的博客？


link

→ [cuff link](->cuff link) → [missing link](->missing link) [weak/weakest link](bold) at → [weak](->weak) sense 15

a way in which two things or ideas are related to each other

〔两个事物或观点之间的〕联系，关联

There are a number of links between the two theories.

这两种理论之间有一些联系。

a relationship or connection between two or more people, countries, organizations etc

〔人、国家、组织等之间的〕联系，关系

the [close link](bold) between teacher and student

The company has [strong links](bold) with big investors.

公司与大投资者之间关系牢固。

Organizers of the project hope that international links will be forged.

这个项目的筹划者希望能建立起国际间的联系。

a person or thing that makes possible a relationship or connection with someone or something else

For elderly people, TV is a vital link with the outside world.

对于老年人来说，电视是他们与外界保持联系的一个重要媒介。

something that makes communication or travel between two places possible

The office has [direct](bold) computer [links](bold) to over 100 firms.

这个办事处与一百多家公司的电脑直接联网。

a piece of ground near the sea where golf is played

〔高尔夫球〕海滨球场，林克斯球场

a special word or picture in an Internet document that you click on to move quickly to another part of the same document or to another document

Send an email to the above address to report a broken link (=a link that is not working properly).

如发现链接失败，请发送电子邮件至上述地址告知。


lion

a large animal of the cat family that lives in Africa and parts of southern Asia. Lions have gold-coloured fur and the male has a manelong hair around its neck.

The firm has captured the lion’s share of the UK market.

这家公司已经占有英国市场最大的份额。

if you go into the lion’s den, you go among people who are your enemies


lip

[bite your lip](bold) at → [bite](->bite) 1 sense 1 [lick your lips](bold) at → [lick](->lick) 1 sense 5 [not pass sb’s lips](bold) at → [pass](->pass) 1 sense 24 [read sb’s lips](bold) at → [read](->read) 1 sense 18 [smack your lips](bold) at → [smack](->smack) 1 sense 3 [a stiff upper lip](bold) at → [stiff](->stiff) 1 sense 11

one of the two soft parts around your mouth where your skin is redder or darker

She had big eyes and [full lips](bold)(=large and round lips).

她眼睛大大的，嘴唇很丰满。

Matt opened the door with a [smile on](bold) his [lips](bold).

马特开了门，嘴角挂着微笑。

Marty [kissed](bold) me right [on the lips](bold)!

马蒂一下吻在我的嘴唇上！

[thin-lipped/thick-lipped/full-lipped](bold)(=having lips that are thin, or large and round)

Stephen [pursed](bold) his [lips](bold) with distaste (=brought them together tightly into a small circle).

the edge of a hollow or deep place in the land

the old road that ran along the lip of the gorge

the edge of something you use to hold or pour liquid

talk that is not polite or respectful – used especially by adults to children

无礼的话〔尤为大人对小孩说话时使用〕

Don’t [give](bold) me any of your [lip](bold)!

used to say that you will not tell anyone about a secret

an actress whose name is on everyone’s lips

名字挂在大家嘴边的一个女演员


lipstick

something used for adding colour to your lips, in the shape of a small stick


liquid

→ [washing-up liquid](->washing-up liquid)

a substance that is not a solid or a gas, for example water or milk


liquid

in the form of a liquid instead of a gas or solid

Children take antibiotics [in liquid form](bold).

easily changed into money by being sold or exchanged

Their shares are more liquid than those of many smaller companies.

他们的股票比许多较小公司的股票更容易变现。

drink, especially alcoholic drink – used humorously

饮料〔尤指酒类；幽默用法〕


list

→ [Civil List](->Civil List) [be on the danger list](bold) at → [danger](->danger) sense 5

a set of names, places, jobs you need to do etc, which are written one below the other

She made a list of the people she wanted to invite to the wedding.

Could I have a list of hotels in Bournemouth and the surrounding area?

I forgot to bring my shopping list with me.

a list of things you need or things you have to do which you keep in order to help you remember them

Use a checklist when visiting properties to buy, so that you keep a record of which features you liked and didn’t like.

I made a checklist of things I needed to do before the holiday.

a list of the most suitable people for a job or prize, chosen from a larger group of people

Her name is on the shortlist for the Booker Prize.

You were lucky to even get onto the shortlist.

A shortlist is drawn up, from which the successful candidate will be chosen.

an official list containing the names of all the people, organizations, or things of a particular type

a civil register of births, deaths, and marriages

Make sure your name is on the electoral registerthe official list of people who can vote.

a list of all the activities or events that have been planned, especially one that shows when each event will happen

First on the programme is a speech by the organizer, Mrs Jenkins.

A spectacular program of exhibitions, displays and competitions has been planned.

Because of bad weather, our programme of events has had to be changed slightly.

a list of the subjects that will be discussed at a meeting

Have you got a copy of the agenda for tomorrow’s meeting?

The fuel crisis will be at the top of the agenda for today’s board meeting.

an alphabetical list of names and subjects at the back of a book, that shows which page they are mentioned on

It’s a lot quicker if you use the index.

a list of everything in a house, factory, or shop, written so that you know exactly what is there

Some of the things in the shop were not listed in the inventory.

The company keeps a full inventory of its equipment.

She made an inventory of everything in the apartment.

Could you make a list of any supplies we need?

They’ve compiled a list of children’s clubs and organizations.

I was put on a waiting list to see a specialist at the hospital.

Her name was at the top of the list of students.

The full list of winners is on page seven.

We’ll send you a catalog and price list.

(=a list of wines available in a restaurant)

(=a list of people who are waiting for something)

If  you don’t get the class you want, you can put your name on a waiting list.

(=a list of people that a company sends information to)

If you do not want to be on our mailing list, please tick the box below.

the guest list for the wedding reception

Painting the bedroom is at the top of my to-do list.

(=a list of people, organizations etc that someone wants to harm or stop)

a set of names, numbers etc, usually written one below the other, for example so that you can remember or check them

Make a list of all the things you have to do.

把你必须做的所有事情列一个清单。

The first person on my list is Mrs Gilling.

我的名单上排在第一位的是吉林夫人。

(also: [be at the top/bottom of a list](bold) )

to be considered very important or not very important

是（ …中）最紧要的/最不紧要的

A good car is high on my list of priorities.

买一辆好车是我的当务之急。


list

to write a list, or mention things one after the other

The guidebook lists 1,000 hotels and restaurants.

旅游手册上列有1,000家宾馆和餐厅。

to put someone on an official list, especially a hospital or court list

把 …列入正式名单〔尤指医院或法庭的名单〕

[list sb in fair/stable etc condition](bold)

Several passengers were listed in critical condition.

有几名乘客被列入重症名单。

The case was listed for trial in the Crown Court.

该案被列入刑事法庭审理清单。


listen

listen for
listen in
listen out
listen up

You [listen to](bold)  someone or something: I love listening to classical music.
Don’t say: [I love listening classical music.](strike)

You [listen to ](bold) someone or something [doing](bold)  something: I listened to the rain falling on the roof.

You [hear ](bold) someone or something: I heard a sudden shout.

You [hear](bold)  someone or something [do](bold)  something: I heard something fall into the water.

You [hear](bold)  someone or something [doing](bold)  something: I heard someone shouting.

to pay attention to what someone is saying or to a sound that you hear

I didn’t hear the answer, because I wasn’t listening when she read it out.

He listened carefully to every word I said.

to listen carefully to what someone is saying

I nodded to show I was paying attention.

She was tired and wasn’t paying attention to what he was saying.

to secretly listen to someone else’s conversation by standing near them, hiding behind a door etc

I caught him eavesdropping on our conversation.

They spoke in quiet voices which made it hard to eavesdrop.

to hear someone say something, especially accidentally

I overheard him say something about wanting to move house.

Excuse me! I couldn’t help overhearing that you were planning a trip to Thailand.

to listen to a radio programme, or to someone using a radio

Over a million people tune in to the programme each week.

Tune in at the same time next week for the next episode.

The equipment could be used by criminals to tune in to police broadcasts.

to connect a piece of electronic recording equipment to a telephone system so that you can listen to people’s telephone conversations

The police had tapped the phones of all three suspects.

The president had to resign over an illegal phone-tapping operation.

to hide a small piece of electronic recording equipment in someone’s room, car, office etc in order to listen secretly to what is said there

Security agents bugged their offices and managed to get some evidence against them.

Wells was convinced the house was bugged and insisted on playing loud music while we talked.

to pay attention to what someone is saying or to a sound that you can hear

Listen! There’s a strange noise in the engine.

听！引擎发出奇怪的声音。

The whole class was listening attentively.

Liz stood still and listened hard (=very carefully).

利兹静静地站着，仔细倾听。

used to tell someone to pay attention to what you are going to say

听着，听好〔用于告诉某人留意你要说的话〕

听着，我要你跟我一起去。

to consider what someone says and accept their advice

I told him not to go, but he just wouldn’t listen.

我叫他不要去，可他就是不听。

我当初要是听爸爸的话就好了。

She refused to [listen to reason](bold)(=accept sensible advice).


listen

[Have a listen](bold) to this new album!


listener

someone who listens carefully and sympathetically to other people

认真倾听的人/有同情心的听者


listing

〔正式或公开的〕列表，清单

a listing of all households in the district

lists of films, plays, and other events, with the times and places at which they will happen

〔电影、戏剧等的〕上映信息，演出信息；活动一览表

if a company has a listing on the stock exchange, it can offer its shares for sale


literacy

the state of being able to read and write

新一轮成人识字[扫盲]运动


literal

the literal meaning of a word or expression is its basic or original meaning

〔词或词组〕本义的，原义的，字面意思的

A trade war is not a war in the literal sense.

贸易战不是字面意义上的战争。

a translation that translates each word exactly instead of giving the general meaning in a more natural way


literally

according to the most basic or original meaning of a word or expression

The name of the cheese is Dolcelatte, literally meaning ‘sweet milk’.

这种奶酪名叫Dolcelatte，字面意思是“甜牛奶”。

I said I felt like quitting, but I didn’t [mean](bold) it [literally](bold)(=I did not mean exactly what I said)!

我是说我不想干了，但并不是真的不干了！

to believe exactly what someone or something says rather than trying to understand their general meaning

仅仅从字面上理解某人/某事物

她是从字面上去理解《圣经》的。

used to emphasize that something, especially a large number, is actually true

的确，确实〔用于加强语气，尤指数目庞大〕

The Olympic Games were watched by literally billions of people.

奥运会确确实实有几十亿人观看。

used to emphasize a strong expression or word that is not being used in its real or original meaning. Some people consider this use to be incorrect

简直〔用于强调并非用于其本义的词或词组；有些人认为这种用法不正确〕


literary

[literary criticism](bold)(=the study of the methods used in writing literature)

typical of the style of writing used in literature rather than in ordinary writing and talking

liking literature very much, and studying or producing it

爱好文学的；从事文学研究[创作]的


literature

books, plays, poems etc that people think are important and good

He has read many of the major [works of literature](bold).

他读过许多重要的文学作品。

all the books, articles etc on a particular subject

〔某一学科的〕著述，文献资料

Several cases of mercury poisoning have been recorded in the literature.

文献上记载了几宗汞中毒事件。

printed information produced by people who want to sell you something or tell you about something

〔推销商品或提供信息的〕印刷品，宣传品


litre

the basic unit for measuring liquid in the metric system

a measurement that shows the size and power of a vehicle’s engine

2.6/3.5升等排量的引擎

福特汽车2.8升排量的引擎


litter

waste paper, cans etc that people have thrown away and left on the ground in a public place

〔在公共场所乱扔的〕垃圾，废弃物

People who [drop litter](bold) can be fined in some cities.

在有些城市，乱扔垃圾的人会被罚款。

存在乱扔垃圾问题的一个小镇

[Litter](bold)  is an uncountable noun and is not used in the plural. You say: The ground is covered in litter.
Don’t say: [The ground is covered in litters.](strike)

[Litter](bold)  is always followed by a singular verb: Litter [was](bold) left all over the field.

When talking about one piece of paper, can etc, you say a [piece of litter](bold) : I didn’t see a single piece of litter.

a group of baby animals that a mother gives birth to at the same time

〔同时出生的〕一窝〔小动物〕

→see THESAURUS at [baby](->baby) 1   →see THESAURUS at [group](->group) 1

small grains of a dry substance that is put in a container that a cat uses as a toilet indoors

猫砂〔一种干燥的颗粒物质，置于容器中供猫在室内便溺用〕

dead leaves and other decaying plants on the ground in a forest

〔森林里的〕落叶，枯枝落叶层

A litter of notes, papers, and textbooks were strewn on the desk.

一堆笔记、考卷和课本乱七八糟地摊在桌子上。

a substance such as straw that a farm animal sleeps on

〔家畜睡觉用的〕褥草，垫草

a chair or bed for carrying important people, used in past times

〔旧时重要人物坐的〕轿，舆


litter

if things litter an area, there are a lot of them in that place, scattered in an untidy way

桌子上乱七八糟地堆满文件。

if something is littered with things, there are a lot of those things in it

Recent business news has been littered with stories of companies failing.

最近的商业新闻都是公司倒闭的消息。

to leave waste paper, cans etc on the ground in a public place

〔在公共场所〕乱扔（垃圾）

if an animal such as a dog or cat litters, it gives birth to babies


little

[a little bird told me](bold) at → [bird](->bird) sense 4

If there is more than one adjective, the adjectives are usually used in a fixed order.

You say: What a pretty little cottage!
Don’t say: [What a little pretty cottage!](strike)

You say: I bought a little black bag.
Don’t say: [I bought a black little bag.](strike)

You can say [smaller ](bold)  or [smallest](bold) , but ‘littler’ and ‘littlest’ are not often used. You say: Her feet are even smaller than mine.
Don’t say: [Her feet are even littler than mine.](strike)  [Her feet are more little than mine.](strike)

She was cutting the meat up into little bits.

[little tiny/tiny little](bold) [spoken](special)(=extremely small)

[little bitty](bold) AmE [spoken](special)(=extremely small)

[a little something](bold) [informal](special)(=a small present, or a small amount of food)

I’d like to buy him a little something to thank him.

我想给他买样小东西谢谢他。

used between an adjective and a noun to emphasize that you like or dislike something or someone, although they are not important, impressive etc

小的〔用于形容词和名词之间，强调喜欢或厌恶〕

It could be a [nice little](bold) business.

这可能是一门不错的小生意。

It was another of her [silly little](bold) jokes.

这是她开的另一个愚蠢的小玩笑。

[poor little thing](bold)(=used to show sympathy)

The poor little thing had hurt its wing.

这可怜的小东西翅膀受伤了。

With a little bit of luck we should finish by five o’clock.

我们有点运气的话，5点钟之前应该能完成。

I’m going to give you a little bit of advice.

我要给你一点小小的建议。

Let me tell you a little bit about myself.

我来给你稍微讲讲我自己吧。

You could have a little sleep in the car.

你可以在车里小睡一会儿。

我们沿着这条小路走了一小段。

We didn’t have toys like this when I was little.

在我小时候，我们没有这样的玩具。

[sb’s little boy/girl](bold)(=someone’s son or daughter who is still a child)

Mum, I’m 17 – I’m not your little girl any longer.

妈，我17岁了——我不再是你的小女孩了。

[sb’s little brother/sister](bold)(=a younger brother or sister who is still a child)

Her little brother and sister were fighting again.

她年幼的弟弟和妹妹又在打架了。

done in a way that is not very noticeable

微弱的；不明显的；轻微的

她为一点小事就会很生气。

There isn’t time to discuss every little detail.

没有时间讨论每一个琐碎的细节了。

not important – used when you really think that something is important

微不足道的〔指实际上认为某事很重要〕

There’s just that little matter of the £5,000 you owe me.

就是你欠我5,000英镑这件小事情。

(just) that little bit better/easier etc

better, easier etc by a small amount that will have an important effect

（就）更好/更简单一点等〔指量少而效果大〕

Working fewer hours will make life just that little bit easier for me.

工作时间少几个小时就会让我的生活轻松一点。

someone’s wife – often used humorously but now considered offensive by many women

老婆，婆娘〔指某人的妻子；常为幽默用法，但现在许多妇女认为此说法具有冒犯性〕


little

[A little](bold)  means ‘some, but not a lot’.

You use [a little](bold)  before uncountable nouns: We still have a little time left.

You can say [a little of the](bold) : A little of the milk got spilled.
Don’t say: [A little of milk got spilled.](strike)

[Little](bold)  is mainly used in more formal English. It means ‘not much’ and emphasizes how small an amount is.

You use [little](bold)  before uncountable nouns: There is little chance of success.

You can say [very little](bold) : He has very little money.

In everyday English, people usually say [not much](bold)  instead: There is not much chance of success. He does not have much money.

only a small amount or hardly any of something

There’s little doubt in my mind that he’s guilty.

我心里几乎毫不怀疑他是有罪的。

I paid little attention to what the others were saying.

我不大注意别人在说什么。

Little is known about the causes of the problem.

这个问题的起因人们所知甚少。

Changes in the law have done little to improve the situation.

修改法律对于改善局势几乎没有什么作用。

他们的财富现在已经所剩无几。

Many of the students speak [little or no](bold) English.

许多学生几乎一点英语也不会说。

He knew [little or nothing](bold)(=almost nothing) about fixing cars.

My lawyer advised me to say [as little as possible](bold).

我的律师建议我尽量少说话。

He did [precious little](bold)(=very little) to help.

The laboratory tests are of [little real](bold) value.

这些实验室测试几乎没什么实际的价值。

Fortunately I had a little time to spare.

幸好我能抽出一点时间来。

班上有一半多一点的人会游泳。

He walked on a little (=a short distance) and then turned back.

他往前走了一小段，然后掉头往回走。

Would you like a little more milk in your coffee?

你的咖啡里要再加一点牛奶吗？

The city is regaining a little of its former splendour.

这座城市正在一点点恢复昔日的辉煌。

used to emphasize how surprisingly small an amount is

只有5英镑/3个月/10英尺等〔表示数量少得令人惊讶〕

Prices for his paintings start from as little as £100.

他的画起价只有100英镑。

The weather can change completely in as little as half an hour.

天气可以在短短半小时之内完全改变。

used to emphasize how small an amount there is, how small an amount is possible etc

仅有的一点；尽可能的一点

I handed over what little money I had left.

我把仅剩的一点钱交了出来。

used to say that only a small amount of something is needed or has a great effect

一点点（某物）就已足够[有很大的作用]


little

You use [a little](bold)  before an adjective: I was a little worried about her.
Don’t say: [I was worried a little about her.](strike)

He was a little surprised at her request.

对于她的请求，他有点吃惊。

[a little more/better/further etc](bold)

We’ll have to wait a little longer to see what happens.

我们得再等一会儿，看看会发生什么事情。

The town has changed little over the years.

这些年来，小镇几乎没有什么变化。

The situation has improved [very little](bold).

[little known/understood etc](bold)(=not known about by many people)

[little more/better etc (than sth)](bold)

His voice was little more than a whisper.

他的说话声就像是窃窃私语。

used to say that someone did not know or think that something would happen or was true

某人没有想到/意识到/认为〔某事会发生或是真的〕等

Little did I know that the course of my life was about to change.

当时我一点也没有想到，我的人生轨迹即将发生变化。

Little by little he became accepted by the family.

他渐渐地被这家人接受了。

Graham was more than a little frightened by what he had seen.

格雷厄姆被眼前所见吓了一大跳。


live

live down
live for
live in
live off
live on
live out
live through
live together
live up to
live with

Judy lives in that nice house on the corner.

How do you like living in the city again after so many years away from it?

In 1905 Russell was living at 4 Ralston Street.

use this when talking about the country, city, or area where you usually live

The man is believed to be from somewhere in the north of England.

if a group of people or animals inhabit an area, they live there – used especially in written descriptions

The island is mainly inhabited by sheep.

Some tribes still inhabit the more remote mountains and jungles of the country.

to live in a particular country, city etc

Miss Badu grew up in Dallas but now resides in Brooklyn.

At that time there were many American writers residing in Paris.

Miss Tonelli, how exactly did you come to reside at your current address?

The government bureau has prepared a booklet for US citizens residing abroad.

to live somewhere when you are a child or teenager

This is the neighborhood where my father grew up.

if you live in a place, you have your home there

He lives just across the street from me.

We live only a few miles from the coast.

我们住的地方离海边只有几英里远。

A rather odd family came to [live next door to](bold) us.

有一户相当奇怪的人家搬到了我们隔壁。

As soon as I saw the place, I knew I didn’t want to [live there](bold).

我一看到那地方，就觉得不想住在那儿。

We’re still looking for [somewhere to live](bold).

They’ve finally found [a place to live](bold).

他们终于找到了住的地方。

My grandmother came to live with us when I was ten.

我10岁的时候，祖母搬来和我们同住。

Most seventeen-year-olds still [live at home](bold)(=live with their parents).

17岁的孩子大都还住在家里。

The house has 3,600 square feet of [living space](bold)(=the areas of a house you live in).

这房子有3,600平方英尺的居住空间。

[live rough](bold) BrE(=live outside because of having no home)

I ran away from home and lived rough for nine months.

我离家出走，露宿了9个月。

a plant or animal that lives in a particular place grows there or has its home there

These particular birds live on only one island in the Pacific.

这些独特的鸟只栖息在太平洋的一个岛上。

if you live at a particular time, you are alive then

She lived at a time when women were not expected to work.

她生活的时代妇女不用工作。

Gladstone lived during a period of great social change.

格拉德斯通生活在一个社会大变革时期。

[the best/greatest etc that/who ever lived](bold)(=the best, greatest etc who has been alive at any time)

He’s probably the best journalist who ever lived.

他也许是有史以来最优秀的新闻记者。

没有阳光，植物就无法生存。

He is extremely ill and not expected to live.

他病得很重，看来活不成了。

那个婴儿只活了几个小时。

People on average are [living](bold) much [longer](bold) than before.

人的平均寿命比以前长多了。

I’ll never forget this [for as long as](bold) I [live](bold).

我一辈子也忘不了这件事。

[live to (be) 80/90 etc/live to the age of 80/90 etc](bold)

[have two weeks/six months etc to live](bold)

He knows he’s only got a few months to live.

他知道自己只能再活几个月。

He did not [live to see](bold)(=live long enough to see) the realization of his dream.

他没能活着看见自己的梦想实现。

to have a particular type of life, or live in a particular way

过 …生活；以〔某种方式〕生活

The people in this country just want to live in peace.

这个国家的人只想过和平的生活。

People should not live in fear of crime.

人们不应该生活在对犯罪的恐惧中。

We live in hope that a cure will be found.

我们一直抱着能够找到治疗方法的希望。

The two communities live peacefully alongside each other.

She thought that she would get married and [live happily ever after](bold)(=like in a children’s story).

她想她会结婚，从此过上幸福的生活。

有些人喜欢过冒险的生活。

Most elderly people prefer to live independently if they can.

大多数老年人只要自己还行，都喜欢独立生活。

They earn enough money to [live well](bold)(=have plenty of food, clothes etc).

他们赚的钱足够过上富足的生活。

I just want to [live](bold) my [life](bold) in my own way.

我只是想按自己的方式生活。

He’s not well enough to [live a normal life](bold).

他身体欠佳，还不能正常生活。

[live a quiet/active/healthy etc life](bold)

He had chosen to [live the life of](bold) a monk.

She’s now in Hollywood [living a life of luxury](bold).

她目前在好莱坞，过着奢侈的生活。

I have always tried to live by my faith (=according to my religion).

我一直努力按照自己的信仰生活。

We struggle on, [living from day to day](bold)(=trying to find enough money each day to buy food etc).

我们艰难度日，过一天算一天。

He was tired of [living out of a suitcase](bold)(=spending a lot of time travelling).

他厌倦了拎着行李东奔西跑的生活。

the way that someone lives is the way that they earn money to buy food etc

Fishing is the way their families have lived for generations.

捕鱼是他们祖祖辈辈的谋生手段。

She wanted to get out and live a little.

我们终于开始享受生活了！

to imagine that things are happening to you

他活在一个虚幻的世界里。

You must stop [living in the past](bold)(=imagining that things from the past are still happening).

the place where something lives is the place where it is kept

Those big dishes live in the cupboard next to the fridge.

那些大碟子放在冰箱旁边的碗橱里。

if an idea lives, it continues to exist and influence people

〔观念〕继续影响，流传下去

That day will always [live in](bold) my [memory](bold).

那一天将永远留在我的记忆里。

the part of a building where people live, especially a building that is used by many people or is used for several different purposes

the money you need to spend in order to live, for example on food or a house

His tuition is paid, but he’ll work to cover his living expenses.

他的学费已经付了，但是他还要打工赚取生活费。

the way someone organizes how and where they will live

Her mother disapproved of the living arrangements, saying that two girls living with four boys was bound to cause problems.

她母亲不赞成她的生活安排，说两个女孩和四个男孩住在一起肯定会出麻烦。

to do things that you enjoy and spend a lot of money

to get money by being clever or dishonest, and not by doing an ordinary job

to pretend all the time that you feel or believe something when actually you do not feel that way

I knew that I could not continue to live a lie.

我知道我不能继续过虚伪的生活了。

to be still alive after the time that you were expected to die

捡了一条命〔比预期活得更久〕

She’s been living on borrowed time for the last year.

过去的一年，她的命是捡来的。

if people live in sin, they live together and have a sexual relationship without being married

to enjoy doing something so much that you spend most of your time on it

Politics is the stuff I live and breathe.

used to say that you have just learned something that you did not know before

真是活到老学到老〔用于表示刚得知以前不知道的事〕

used to say that you should accept other people’s behaviour, even if it seems strange

自己活也得让别人活〔用于表示要接受别人的行为，即使看上去奇怪〕

used to say that someone’s life will be boring if they do not do a particular exciting thing

（如果没有 …）你就白活了

You haven’t lived until you’ve tasted champagne.

没有喝过香槟的话，你就算白活了。

used to say that someone will wish that they had not done something

If you marry him, you’ll live to regret it.

你要是嫁给他，你会后悔的。

to continue to live or work after a failure or after you have dealt with a difficult situation

〔经历失败或困难后〕继续奋斗下去

Hopefully, the company will live to fight another day.

希望公司能继续经营下去。

to enjoy doing a lot of different things

She believes in living life to the full.

她相信生活就是要多姿多彩。

used to say that someone has a nice life because they have a lot of money and buy expensive things – often used to show disapproval

to have only just enough money to buy food

We lived from hand to mouth, never knowing where the next meal was coming from.

我们日子过得紧巴巴的，从来是吃了上顿没下顿。

to have the kind of life that you always wanted to have, especially after becoming very successful or rich

〔尤指功成名就或有钱之后〕过上梦想的生活，实现梦想

I always wanted to be a famous singer, and now I'm living the dream.

我一直想成为著名歌手，现在终于如愿以偿。

used as an expression of loyal support for a person

used to say that you hope something continues to exist for a long time


live

Protesters want to stop the export of live sheep and cattle.

抗议者希望阻止出口活羊活牛。

the number of live births per 1,000 population

每1,000人中的活产婴儿数目

We were so excited to see [real live](bold) elephants.

看到活生生的大象我们非常兴奋。

a live television or radio programme is seen or heard on television or radio at the same time as it is actually happening

一个直播的听众来电广播节目

There will be live TV coverage of tonight’s big match.

电视台将直播今晚的大战。

a live performance is one in which the entertainer performs for people who are watching, rather than for a film, record etc

A lot of the bars have [live music](bold).

许多酒吧都有现场音乐演奏。

The band will be giving a [live](bold) concert [performance](bold) next week.

下星期该乐队将举办一场现场音乐会。

We’ll be playing you a track from his new [live album](bold)(=[album](bold,->album) that was recorded from a live performance).

我们将为你播放他的现场版新专辑中的一首歌曲。

It’s always different when you perform in front of a [live audience](bold)(=an audience watching a live performance).

在现场观众面前表演总是不一样的。

a wire or piece of equipment that is live has electricity flowing through it

〔电线或设备〕通电的，带电的

a live bomb still has the power to explode because it has not been used

They came across a field of live, unexploded mines.

他们遇到一片尚未引爆的雷区。

live bullets are real ones that are made of metal and can kill people

Troops fired [live ammunition](bold) to disperse the crowd.

a live subject or problem is one that still interests or worries people

当前所关心的，时下仍受人关注的

Drink-driving is still very much a [live issue](bold).

酒后驾车仍然是个时下非常受人关注的话题。

She threw the paper onto the live coals.

她把纸扔到燃烧的煤块上。

live yoghurt contains bacteria that are still alive


live

if something is broadcast live, it is broadcast on television or radio as it is actually happening

The ceremony will be [broadcast live](bold) on television.

这场典礼将在电视上现场直播。

The match will be [shown live](bold) by the BBC.

这场比赛将由英国广播公司现场直播。

if people perform live, they perform in front of people who have come to watch, rather than for a film, record etc

〔在观众面前〕现场演出[表演]

I love their music, but I’ve never seen them [perform live](bold).

我喜欢听他们的音乐，但我从来没有看过他们的现场表演。

The band is [playing live](bold) in Birmingham tonight.

今晚该乐队将在伯明翰现场演出。

Their latest CD was [recorded live](bold)(=recorded at a live performance) in New York.

他们的这张最新唱片是在纽约现场演出时录制的。

when a system or project goes live, people start to use it after it has been planned and discussed for a long time

〔系统或项目经长时间计划和讨论后〕开始使用

Their new information retrieval system went live last month.

他们新的信息检索系统上个月开始使用。

a new security project which will go live in October

将于10月份启动的一个新的安全项目


lively

[comparative](italic) [livelier](bold) [superlative](italic) [liveliest](bold)

someone who is lively has a lot of energy and is very active

a place or situation that is lively is exciting because a lot of things are happening

激动人心的，令人兴奋的〔因有很多事情发生〕

The hotel is situated next to the lively bustling port.

酒店位于那个熙熙攘攘的港口旁。

这座城市丰富多彩的夜生活

lively movements or music are very quick and exciting

a lively discussion, description etc is very interesting and involves a lot of ideas

The book offers a lively account of her travels.

书中生动地描绘了她的旅行见闻。

a [lively debate](bold) on environmental issues

someone who has a lively mind is intelligent and interested in a lot of things

Even Paula has shown a [lively interest](bold) in politics.

就连葆拉也对政治表现出浓厚的兴趣。

Charlie has a very [lively imagination](bold)(=he often invents stories, descriptions etc that are not true).

查利有非常丰富的想象力。

something that has a lively taste has a strong but pleasant taste

这葡萄酒有一股浓郁的果香味。


liver

a large organ in your body that produces bile and cleans your blood


livestock

animals such as cows and sheep that are kept on a farm


living

[scare/frighten the (living) daylights out of sb](bold) at → [daylight](->daylight) sense 3 [beat/knock the (living) daylights out of sb/sth](bold) at → [daylight](->daylight) sense 4

He’s one of the greatest living composers.

他是仍然健在的最伟大的作曲家之一。

The sun affects all [living things](bold)(=people, animals, and plants).

a [living language](bold)(=one that people still use)

if someone is living proof of a particular fact, they are a good example of how true it is

I’m living proof that you don’t need a college degree to be successful.

没有大学学位也能获得成功，我就是一个活生生的例子。

the living proof of government economic incompetence

during the time that anyone can remember

It was the worst storm in living memory.

这是人们记忆中最严重的风暴。

a life that is so unpleasant that it seems better to be dead

a very unpleasant situation that makes you suffer for a long time

These past few days have been a living hell.

过去这几天真是人间地狱。

someone who is famous for being extremely good at something, and who still does that activity

〔某方面极为杰出的〕活着的传奇人物

他的音乐使他成为当今的传奇人物。


living

→ [cost of living](->cost of living) → [standard of living](->standard of living) [in the land of the living](bold) at → [land](->land) 1 sense 7

She was able to make a living out of her talents as a cook.

'What does he do for a living?' 'I think he's a taxi driver.'

The farmers in these drought-stricken areas are barely able to scratch out a living.

She earned a meagre living as a shop assistant.

the way that you earn money or the money that you earn

It’s not a great job, but it’s a living.

这不是什么了不起的工作，不过是一种生计。

What do you [do for a living](bold)?(=what do you do as a job?)

It’s hard to make a decent living as a musician.

当音乐家很难过上体面的生活。

[scrape/scratch a living](bold)(=get just enough to eat or live)

all the people who are alive as opposed to dead people

the way in which someone lives their life

the position or income of a parish priest


living room

the main room in a house where people relax, watch television etc


lizard

a type of reptile that has four legs and a long tail


load

a large quantity of something that is carried by a vehicle, person etc

The lorry had [shed its load](bold)(=the load had fallen off).

The plane was carrying a [full load](bold) of fuel.

We got a load of complaints about the loud music.

很多人向我们投诉音乐太吵。

the largest amount of something that a vehicle can carry

满满一公共汽车/一汽车/一卡车等

(also: [a load of rubbish](bold) ([BrE](bold)) )

used to say that something is bad, untrue, or stupid

十足的胡闹；一派胡言；彻头彻尾的蠢话

我觉得这场比赛简直就是瞎胡闹。

the amount of work that a person or machine has to do

〔一个人或一台机器的〕工作量，负荷

The computer couldn’t handle the load and crashed.

计算机难以处理负荷，死机了。

[a light/heavy load](bold)(=not much or a lot of work)

Hans has a heavy teaching load this semester.

这学期汉斯的教学任务很重。

My [work load](bold) has doubled since Henry left.

亨利走后，我的工作量加倍了。

They hired more staff in order to [spread the load](bold).

他们雇用了更多员工来分担工作量。

a problem or worry that is difficult to deal with

When someone is depressed, the extra load of having financial problems can make the situation worse.

当一个人情绪低落的时候，如果还有经济困难，那便是雪上加霜。

Knowing he was safe was [a load off](bold) my [mind](bold)(=I felt less worried).

得知他平安以后，我如释重负。

Coping with ill health was a heavy load to bear.

克服病痛是个难以承受的重负。

a quantity of clothes that are washed together in a washing machine

I’ve already done three [loads of laundry](bold) this morning.

今天早上我已经用洗衣机洗过三缸衣服了。

used to tell someone to look at or listen to something that is surprising or funny

看[听]某人/某事〔用于叫人注意令人惊奇或好笑的事〕

Get a load of this! Your stars say you are going to meet someone who’s rich.

看看这个！你的星座运程说你会遇上一个有钱人呢。

the amount of weight that something is supporting

an amount of electrical power that is being produced


load

to put a large quantity of something into a vehicle or container

把 …装上〔车辆〕，将 …装进〔容器〕；（给 …）装货

给小型货车装货花了一小时。

你帮我把碗碟放进洗碗机好吗？

Emma loaded all the groceries into the car.

埃玛把所有的食品杂货放进车里。

She loaded up the car with camping gear.

to put a necessary part into something in order to make it work, for example bullets into a gun or film into a camera

将〔某物〕装入〔设备中以便使用〕

你装的是200还是400的胶卷？

Can you load the CD into the player, please?

请你把光盘放入播放机中好吗？

载入这个程序需要一点时间。

To load the file, press the ‘return’ key.

if a ship, aircraft etc loads, goods are put onto it

〔船、航空器等〕承载，装载

The first ship to load at the new port was the ‘Secil Angola’.

在这个新港口装货的第一艘轮船是“西塞尔·安哥拉”号。

The boat called at Lerwick to load up with fresh vegetables.

船在勒威克停靠装载新鲜蔬菜。


loaf

[plural](italic) loaves /ləʊvz/ US /loʊvz/

bread that is shaped and baked in one piece and can be cut into slices

[white/wholemeal/granary etc loaf](bold) BrE

food that has been cut into very small pieces, pressed together, and baked

〔切细、压实再焙烤的〕糕

used to tell someone to think more carefully about what they are doing


loaf

to spend time somewhere and not do very much

They spend all day loafing around on street corners.


loan

an amount of money that is borrowed, especially from a bank or company, which you agree to pay back by the end of a period of time

a large amount of money that someone borrows from a bank or company to buy a house

Nick told me the mortgage on his apartment is worth about $90,000.

Anyone taking out a mortgage should be aware that interest rates can go up at any time.

It took my parents nearly thirty years to pay off  their mortgage.

money that you pay for borrowing money, especially that you pay every year or every month at a fixed rate

Credit companies charge huge amounts of interest.

the amount of money that you owe to bank when you have spent more money than you had in your account

I left university with no job and a big overdraft.

20% of the bank’s customers regularly use their overdraft facility.

You have to pay a fee for unauthorized overdrafts.

an amount of money that a person or organization owes

The company now has debts of almost £2 million.

A lot of the money went towards paying his debts.

The family were $100,000 in debt they owed $100,000.

an arrangement with a shop or bank that allows you to buy something and pay for it later

(=give back the money you borrowed, usually over a period of time)

You can repay the loan early without a penalty.

I hoped to persuade my bank manager to give us a loan.

Banks are cautious about making new loans.

(=agree to give the lender something if you do not pay back the loan on time)

What is the interest you will pay on a bank loan?

(=money lent to a person, rather than a company)

If you want money for a specific purchase, you can get a personal loan.

The bank offers a range of business loans to meet the needs of small businesses.

(=money lent to a student to pay for university)

Many college graduates are paying off huge student loans.

(=to be paid back after a long/short time)

I intended the money as a short-term loan.

They offer an interest-free loan for two years.

a low-interest loan to the country from the International Development Association

(=that says how much the loan will be, how much you will pay back each month etc)

Read the terms of your loan agreement carefully.

an amount of money that you borrow from a bank etc

It’ll be years before we’ve paid off the loan.

我们要过好几年才能还清贷款。

if something or someone is on loan, they have been borrowed

（从某人处/某处）借出（的）

Cantona initially went on loan to Leeds United.

坎通纳最初是租借给利兹联队的。


loan

to lend someone something, especially money

Jeff’s loaned us his car for the weekend.

杰夫已经把车借给我们周末用。

把〔贵重物品〕出借给〔某人〕

The National Library has loaned several manuscripts.

国家图书馆借出了几件手稿。

Two of the steam trains have been loaned to other railways.

其中两列蒸汽火车借给别的铁路公司了。


lobby

a wide passage or large hall just inside the entrance to a public building

〔公共场所入口处的〕门廊，前厅，大厅

a hall in the British parliament where members of parliament and the public meet

〔英国议会中的〕民众接待厅

one of the two passages in the British parliament where members go to vote for or against a bill

〔英国议会中的〕投票走廊〔其一供投赞成票，另一供投反对票〕

a group of people who try to persuade a government that a particular law or situation should be changed

〔力图使政府更改某项法律或改变某种局面的〕游说团体

一个有影响力的环保游说团体

In this meaning, [lobby](bold)  is usually followed by a singular verb: The business lobby [has](bold) warned the government against raising taxes.

In British English, you can also use a plural verb: The business lobby [have](bold) warned the government against raising taxes.

an attempt to persuade a government to change a law, make a new law etc

〔力图说服政府更改法律、制定新法律等的〕游说

a mass lobby of Parliament by women’s organizations

妇女团体对议会的集体游说


lobby

[past tense and past participle](italic) [lobbied](bold) [present participle](italic) [lobbying](bold) [third person singular](italic) [lobbies](bold)

to try to persuade the government or someone with political power that a law or situation should be changed

游说〔政府或有政治权力的人更改法律或改变局面〕，进行疏通

The group is lobbying for a reduction in defence spending.

该团体正在游说政府削减国防开支。

We’ve been lobbying our state representative to support the new health plan.

我们一直在游说我们的州议员支持新的医疗卫生计划。


lobster

a sea animal with eight legs, a shell, and two large claws


local

[adj](bold) <[usually before noun](bold)>

relating to the particular area you live in, or the area you are talking about

affecting or limited to one part of your body


local

someone who lives in the place where you are or the place that you are talking about

We asked one of the locals to recommend a restaurant.

我们请一位当地人推荐一家餐馆。

a pub  near where you live, especially one where you often drink

〔尤指经常光顾的〕住处附近的小酒馆

I usually have a pint or two at my local on Friday nights.

星期五晚上我通常在邻近的小酒馆里喝上一两品脱。

a bus, train etc that stops at all regular stopping places

〔沿线每站都停的〕普通公共汽车[列车等]


locally

in or near the area where you are, or the area you are talking about

The restaurant only uses vegetables which are grown locally.

Police say they believe the man lives locally.

The villa has a private garden and there’s a swimming pool close by.

in the area of the town where you are, or that you are talking about

Are there good schools in the neighborhood?

in the particular area of the country where you are, or that you are talking about

He’s known around these parts as the ‘bag man’ because of the bag he always carries with him.

I live locally, so it’s easy to get to the office.

我就住在附近，所以上班很方便。

Most of the country will be dry, but there will be some rain locally.

全国大部分地区天气干燥，但局部地区有雨。


locate

位于某处/位于某处附近等

The business is located right in the center of town.

We couldn’t locate the source of the radio signal.

我们无法确定无线电信号的来源。

to put or build something in a particular place

把 …设置在；把 …建造在

Large retail chains are usually only prepared to locate stores in areas of high population density.

大型零售连锁店一般只愿意开在人口密集的地区。

to come to a place and start a business, company etc there

We are offering incentives for companies to locate in our city.

我们提供优惠条件，鼓励企业来本市落户。


location

a particular place, especially in relation to other areas, buildings etc

〔尤指相对于其他地区、建筑物等的〕地点，位置

His apartment is in a really good location.

its isolated [geographical location](bold)

[Location](bold)  is often used when talking about buying or selling property. In everyday English in other contexts, people usually say [place](bold) :

It can be stressful moving to a new [place](bold).

〔某物的〕所处地点，位置

The map shows the [precise location](bold) of the crash.

地图上标出了车祸发生的确切地点。

a place away from a film studio where scenes are filmed

It was hard to find a suitable location for the desert scenes.

要找合适的地方拍摄沙漠镜头很困难。

Most of the movie was shot on location in Africa.

这部影片大部分是在非洲的外景地拍摄的。

the act of finding the position of something

The main problem for engineers was the location of underground rivers in the area.

工程师们面临的主要难题是要确定该地区地下河的位置。


lock

lock away
lock in
lock onto
lock out
lock up

to fasten something, usually with a key, so that other people cannot open it, or to be fastened like this

to put something in a place and fasten the door, lid etc with a key

to become fixed in one position and impossible to move, or to make something become fixed

He locked his hands around the younger man’s throat.

他用双手卡住那个较年轻的人的喉咙。

A moment later they were [locked in an embrace](bold)(=holding each other very tightly in a loving or friendly way).

过了一会儿，他们紧紧地拥抱在一起。

Their [eyes locked together](bold)(=they could not look away from each other) for an instant.

他们四目交投，对视了片刻。

if you are locked in a situation, you cannot get out of it

The two groups are locked in a vicious cycle of killing.

这两个团伙陷入了互相厮杀的恶性循环。

The company is locked into a five-year contract.

公司被一个五年期的合同套牢了。

[Lock](bold)  is usually passive in this meaning.

to be involved in a long, serious argument or fight with someone

卷入斗争/战斗/争论等之中

They are now locked in a bitter custody battle over the three children.

他们现在陷入了一场苦战，争夺三个孩子的监护权。

if people lock arms, they join their arms tightly with the arms of the people on each side

The police locked arms to form a barrier against the protesters.

警察臂挽着臂组成一道人墙，阻挡抗议者。

The band have now locked horns with their record company over the album.

乐队眼下为专辑的事和他们的唱片公司吵得不可开交。


lock

→ [air lock](->air lock) → [combination lock](->combination lock)

a thing that keeps a door, drawer etc fastened and is usually opened with a key or by moving a small metal bar

I’m sorry, there isn’t a lock on the bathroom door.

对不起，浴室门上没有锁。

[pick a lock](bold) at → [pick](->pick) 1 sense 10

kept safely in a box, cupboard etc that is locked

Dad keeps all his liquor under lock and key.

爸爸把他所有的酒都锁了起来。

He moved the whole company, lock, stock, and barrel, to Mexico.

他把公司整个都搬到了墨西哥。

a small number of hairs on your head that grow and hang together

He gently pushed a lock of hair from her eyes.

他轻轻地为她拂去眼前的一绺头发。

a part of a canal or river that is closed off by gates so that the water level can be raised or lowered to move boats up or down a slope

〔运河、河流的〕水闸，船闸

a hold which wrestlers use to prevent their opponent from moving

the degree to which a vehicle’s front wheels can be turned in order to turn the vehicle

Pro football still has a lock on male viewers aged 18 to 34.

职业足球赛的观众依然以18到34岁的男性为主。


locker

a small cupboard with a lock in a school, sports building, office etc, where you can leave clothes or possessions while you do something

〔学校、体育馆、办公室等供存放衣物等的〕锁柜，寄物柜

a very cold room used for storing food in a restaurant or factory

〔餐馆或工厂用于储存食物的〕冷藏间


lodge

to make a formal or official complaint, protest etc

进行投诉/提出抗议/提出上诉等

He lodged an appeal with the High Court.

They lodged a complaint against the doctor for negligence.

to become firmly stuck somewhere, or to make something become stuck

[Lodge](bold)  is usually passive when used as a transitive verb.

to provide someone with a place to stay for a short time

a building used to lodge prisoners of war

The refugees were lodged in old army barracks.

to put something important in an official place so that it is safe

Be sure to lodge a copy of the contract with your solicitor.

一定要把合同的一份副本存放在你的律师那儿。

The money was lodged in a Swiss bank account.

这笔钱存在一个瑞士银行的账户里。

to pay to live in a room in someone’s house

John lodged with a family in Bristol when he first started work.

约翰刚开始工作时寄住在布里斯托尔的一户人家家里。


lodge

a small house on the land of a large country house, usually at the main entrance gate

〔乡村大宅院中通常位于大门口的〕小屋，侧屋

a room or small building at the entrance to a college, institution etc for someone whose job is to watch who enters and leaves

〔大学、机构等的〕门房，管理员室

a house or hotel in the country or mountains where people can stay when they want to go hunting, shooting etc

〔乡村或山间供狩猎者等使用的〕小屋，小舍

a local meeting place for some organizations, or the group of people who belong to one of these organizations

〔某些会社的〕地方分会；地方分会集会处

他是共济会一地方分会的会员。

a traditional home of Native Americans, or the group of people that live in it

〔印第安人的〕棚屋；〔居住在棚屋里的〕印第安人住户


loft

a room or space under the roof of a building, usually used for storing things in

Our neighbours have just done a [loft conversion](bold)(=changed the loft into bedrooms).

我们的邻居刚刚完成阁楼改建。

a raised area in a barn used for keeping hay or other crops in

〔谷仓内贮放干草或其他作物的〕厩楼

a raised area above the main part of a room, usually used for sleeping

〔房间的〕跃层〔通常供睡觉用〕

a space above a business, factory etc that was once used for storing goods, but has been changed into living space

〔由公司、工厂等楼上储物区改建而成用于居住的〕阁楼居室

她刚在曼哈顿买了一间改建的阁楼居室。

the raised place in a church where the organ or choir is


loft

to hit a ball very high in golf or cricket

〔高尔夫球或板球中〕将〔球〕击高[吊高]


log

[it’s as easy as falling off a log](bold) at → [fall](->fall) 1 sense 31 [sleep like a log/top](bold) at → [sleep](->sleep) 1

〔树上砍下的〕大木头；原木

an official record of events, especially on a journey in a ship or plane

〔事件的〕正式记录；〔尤指〕航海日志，飞行日志

The captain always [keeps](bold) a [log](bold).


log

[past tense and past participle](italic) [logged](bold) [present participle](italic) [logging](bold)

to make an official record of events, facts etc

正式记录〔事件、事实等〕

to travel a particular distance or for a particular length of time, especially in a plane or ship

〔尤指飞机或船只〕行驶，行进〔一定距离或时间〕

The pilot has logged 1,200 flying hours.

那位飞行员已有1,200小时的飞行记录。


logic

I could not understand the logic of her actions.

(=to use someone’s logic in an activity or situation)

Following this logic, none of these distressing conditions would be considered 'real' illnesses.

Why do we not apply the same logic in the way we treat animals?

The government should accept this logic and exempt all students from paying the tax.

It defies logic to import food that we can grow more easily and cheaply here.

(=used when you want to argue that something is reasonable)

Logic suggests that if the air is warmer, more water evaporates.

(=used to say that something will definitely happen because of logic)

Logic dictates that poorer people will be more affected by the rise in inflation.

Reducing your carbon footprint is also backed by good economic logic.

(=logic that seems sensible within a particular activity or situation)

Each major religion has its own internal logic.

(=logic that is important, but not easily noticed)

These word lists show students the underlying logic of English spelling.

(=logic in which one thing leads to another in a way that cannot be avoided)

By the inexorable logic of war, the bombings provoked an even stronger response.

He worked out, with impeccable logic, that the best thing to do would be to cooperate.

(=used when something does not seem sensible, but there are understandable reasons for it)

With a certain logic, the child said that ‘ten and one’ would be the next number after ten.

a way of thinking about something that seems correct and reasonable, or a set of sensible reasons for doing something

逻辑；〔做某事的〕道理，合理的想法

The logic behind this statement is faulty.

这种说法的逻辑是错误的。

There is [a certain logic](bold) in their choice of architect.

他们对建筑师的选择是有一定道理的。

Commercial logic has forced the two parts of the company closer together.

出于商业上的考虑，公司的这两个部门不得不更加紧密地合作起来。

a formal method of reasoning, in which ideas are based on previous ideas

a set of choices that a computer uses to solve a problem


logical

[logically](bold) /-kli/  adv. eg: He tried to think logically.

It’s a logical site for a new supermarket, with the housing development nearby.

附近有住宅区，新的超级市场选址在此是合情合理的。

using a thinking process in which facts and ideas are connected in a correct way

The detective has to discover the murderer by logical deduction.

那位侦探得通过逻辑推理来找出凶手。


logo

a small design that is the official sign of a company or organization

〔公司或组织的〕标识，标志，徽标


lonely

unhappy because you are alone or do not have any friends

Tammy felt very lonely when she first arrived in New York.

Our neighbor George is a very lonely man.

I get so lonesome here with no one to talk to.

lonely because your situation makes it difficult for you to meet people

People caring for sick relatives often feel very isolated.

Children of very rich parents can grow up isolated from the rest of society.

feeling that you do not belong in a particular place or group

She felt very alienated as the only woman in the company.

In high school she felt somehow different and alienated from other students.

unhappy because you are a long way from your home and the people who live there

When I first went to Germany, I was very homesick.

used when saying that you feel unhappy because someone is not there with you

[comparative](italic) [lonelier](bold) [superlative](italic) [loneliest](bold)

Don’t you get lonely being on your own all day?

你整天独自一人不感到寂寞吗？

→ Do not use [lonely](bold) to mean ‘without anyone else’. Use [alone](bold)[She is afraid to travel alone (NOT travel lonely).](italic)

a lonely experience or situation makes you unhappy because you are alone or do not have anyone to talk to

〔经历或情况〕在孤单中进行的，孤独的

a lonely place is a long way from where people live and very few people go there


lonesome

very unhappy because you are alone or have no friends

孩子们不在身边，贝丝很孤单。

a lonesome place is a long way from where people live and very few people go there

靠近峡谷的一个人烟稀少之地