ruler

someone such as a king or queen who has official power over a country or area

a long flat straight piece of plastic, metal, or wood that you use for measuring things or drawing straight lines


ruling

an official decision, especially one made by a court

〔尤指法庭的〕裁决，裁定

the recent Supreme Court ruling on defendants’ rights

最高法院最近就被告权利的裁决


ruling

the ruling group in a country or organization is the group that controls it

the [ruling body](bold) of American golf

美国高尔夫球运动的管理机构

a ruling interest or emotion interests someone more than anything else

〔兴趣或情感〕居支配地位的

Football remains the [ruling passion](bold) of many men.

足球仍是许多男人最大的爱好。


rumour

information or a story that is passed from one person to another and which may or may not be true

The band denied the rumours that they may be splitting up.

The truth finally came out after months of rumour.

I’ve heard rumours about a ghost in the building.

a situation in which a lot of people are talking about something that is happening, especially something that is happening in politics or public life, and trying to guess what the truth is

There was a great deal of speculation about a possible merger involving Belgium’s largest banks.

The report fuelled speculationcaused more speculation that he was about to resign.

His future as a player has been the subject of intense speculation.

things that people say about what they think has happened in other people’s private lives, which is usually not true

She tells me all the latest gossip from the office.

The magazine was full of gossip about celebrities.

You shouldn’t believe every piece of gossip you hear.

something that people talk about a lot but which is not official

The government has dismissed talk of a military strike on the country.

There’s been a lot of talk of him resigning.

something that you have heard from someone else, but cannot prove whether it is true or untrue – often used in legal contexts

All the accounts were based on hearsay rather than eye-witness reports.

A rumour spread that he had been killed.

There are a lot of rumors going around that they’re going to sell the company.

Not long afterwards, ugly rumours began to circulate.

Rumour has it that they plan to get married.

There were wild rumours flying around the office on Wednesday.

Someone has been spreading rumours about us.

He is denying rumors that he plans to drop out of the race.

The actor’s agent would not confirm the rumour.

He says that the rumours are completely unfounded.

False rumors began to spread that troops were massing on the border.

Rumours were rife that the band had refused to play.

The arrests followed widespread rumours of police corruption.

(=one that keeps being repeated for a long time)

Despite persistent rumours of an affair, his wife stood by him.

There is a strong rumour that the government is planning to drop the idea.

It has been a week of wild rumour and exaggeration.

(=a false one that someone spreads to make trouble)

The claims were dismissed by the government as ‘malicious rumours’.

Ugly rumours persisted that there had been a cover-up.

(=one that has not been proved to be true)

Journalists spread scurrilous rumours about the school.

(=rumours that are not likely to be true)

This led to wild rumours of American involvement in the attack.

([BrE](special)) AmE rumor  [n](bold) <[C,U](bold)>

I’ve heard all sorts of rumours about him and his secretary.

我听说了有关他和他秘书的种种传闻。

There’s an unsubstantiated rumour that Eddie is bankrupt.

有个未经证实的传言，说埃迪破产了。

the people, considered as a group, who discuss something and pass rumours to each other

His name has come up in the rumour mill as a possible director for the project.

有谣传说他可能出任这个项目的主管。


run

run across
run after
run along
run around
run around after
run around with
run away
run away with
run by/past
run down
run in
run into
run off
run off with
run on
run out
run out on
run over
run past
run round
run through
run to
run up
run up against
run with

→ [running](->running) 1 [cut and run](bold) at → [cut](->cut) 1 sense 38 [be/run/go counter to sth](bold) at → [counter](->counter) 3 [run deep](bold) at → [deep](->deep) 2 sense 4 [run dry](bold) at → [dry](->dry) 1 sense 4 [run low](bold) at → [low](->low) 1 sense 4 [run sb ragged](bold) at → [ragged](->ragged) sense 5 [run rings around sb](bold) at → [ring](->ring) 1 sense 8 [run riot](bold) at → [riot](->riot) 1 sense 2 [be running short](bold) at → [short](->short) 3 sense 2 [run sb/sth to earth](bold) at → [earth](->earth) 1 sense 14 [run to fat](bold) at → [fat](->fat) 2 sense 6 [run sb/sth to ground](bold) at → [ground](->ground) 1 sense 19 [run to seed](bold) at → [seed](->seed) 1 sense 4 [run wild](bold) at → [wild](->wild) 2 sense 1 [be up and running](bold) at → [up](->up) 1 sense 22

to move very quickly, by moving your legs more quickly than when you walk

to run quite slowly for exercise over a long distance

to run somewhere as quickly as you can, especially because you have to do something urgently

He dashed across the road to the police station.

We raced to the bus stop and got there just in time.

to run as fast as you can for a short distance

to run very quickly and without really looking where you are going, because you are in a hurry

He tore down the street and around the corner.

to run quickly and with a lot of energy, so that you might knock down anyone or anything that gets in your way

They all charged out of the school gates at 4 o'clock.

Dennis charged through the door into my office.

to start running away very quickly, especially to escape or because you are afraid

The men took to their heels as soon as they saw the police.

to run away very quickly, in order to escape from someone or something

to run easily with long steps – used especially about tall people with long legs

John loped across the street to meet me.

to run fairly slowly, taking short steps – used especially about horses and dogs

if a horse gallops, it runs very quickly

The horse galloped off across the field.

to suddenly run somewhere very fast, especially in order to escape

Suddenly a fox bolted out from beneath a hedge.

[past tense](italic) [ran](bold) /ræn/ [past participle](italic) [run](bold) [present participle](italic) [running](bold)

I ran down the stairs as fast as I could.

Several people ran to help her when she fell.

她摔倒了，好几个人跑去扶她。

The children [came running](bold) out of the house.

Women [ran screaming](bold), with children in their arms.

妇女们抱着孩子，一边跑一边尖叫。

Jane struggled free and [ran for](bold) her [life](bold)(=ran in order to avoid being killed).

Hurry! [Run for it](bold)(=run as quickly as possible in order to escape)!

He picked up the child and [ran like hell](bold)(=ran very quickly, especially in order to escape).

Firefighters are to run 500km to raise money for a children’s charity.

消防人员将跑500公里，为一个儿童慈善机构筹款。

他从走廊的这头跑到另一头。

我以前从未参加过马拉松比赛。

Murray has said she will consider running in the 3000 metres.

默里说她将考虑参加3,000米赛跑。

if a race is run at a particular time or in a particular place, it happens at that time or in that place

德比马赛将于3点钟举行。

[Run](bold)  is usually passive in this meaning.

to organize or be in charge of an activity, business, organization, or country

→see THESAURUS at [control](->control) 2

For a while, she ran a restaurant in Boston.

有一段时间她在波士顿开餐馆。

Many people don’t care who runs the country.

很多人不在乎由谁统治国家。

Courses are currently being run in London and Edinburgh.

目前伦敦和爱丁堡两地都开设了这些课程。

Many people belong to a pension scheme run by their employers.

许多人参加了由雇主管理的养老金计划。

The hotel is well-run and extremely popular.

这家酒店经营得很好，十分受欢迎。

a [state-run](bold)(=controlled by the government) television station

Run and ask your mother where she’s put the keys.

快去问你妈，她把钥匙放在哪儿了。

I need to run to the store for some more milk.

我得赶快到商店去再买点牛奶。

if a bus, train etc service runs, it takes people from one place to another at fixed times

The number 61 bus runs to the city centre.

61路公共汽车开往市中心。

if a company or other organization runs a bus, train etc service, they make it operate

They’re running special trains to and from the exhibition.

他们有往返展览会的专线列车。

这个软件可在任何一台个人电脑上运行。

if you run a program, you make it operate

The RS8 system runs both Unix and MPX-32.

if a machine or engine runs, it operates

She got out of the car and left the engine running.

[run on electricity/gas/petrol etc](bold)(=get its power from electricity etc)

大多数汽车使用无铅汽油。

if you run a machine or engine, you make it operate

You shouldn’t [keep the engine running](bold) when the car is standing still.

汽车停下来时，不应该让引擎空转。

I often run the washing machine more than once a day.

我经常一天不止一次使用洗衣机。

She didn’t realize the tape was running as she spoke.

她没有意识到她说话的时候，磁带正在录音。

[Run](bold)  is usually used in the progressive in this meaning.

if you run a tape, you make it move backwards or forwards

to print something in a newspaper or magazine, or broadcast something on television

The company is running a series of advertisements in national newspapers.

公司正在全国性报纸上刊登一系列广告。

一家地方电视台报道了她的事迹。

if a program runs on television, it is shown. If a story runs in a newspaper or magazine, it is printed

〔节目在电视上〕播放；〔故事在报纸或杂志上〕刊登

The series ran for 20 episodes and was extremely popular.

这个系列片播了20集，极受欢迎。

Conan Doyle’s stories ran in ‘The Strand’ magazine.

柯南·道尔的小说在《河滨》杂志上连载。

to move too fast or in an uncontrolled way

Her car ran off the road and into a tree.

她的汽车冲出路面，撞到一棵树上。

The truck [ran out of control](bold) and hit a house.

卡车失控，撞上了一栋房子。

A bicycle is relatively cheap to buy and run.

自行车买和用都相对便宜。

Salinas is running for a second term as president.

萨利纳斯正在竞选连任总统。

an attempt to encourage more women to [run for office](bold)

鼓励更多女性竞选公职的尝试

Feinstein will win if she runs against Lungren.

范斯坦如果和朗格伦竞争，将会胜选。

if something long such as a road or wire runs in a particular direction, that is its position, or that is where you put it

Developers want to run a road right through his farm.

开发商想修一条路，正好穿过他的农场。

The Sierra mountain range [runs the length of](bold) the north west coast of Majorca.

谢拉山脉横贯马略卡岛西北海岸。

to move something lightly along a surface

Charles ran his fingers through her hair.

查尔斯用手指拢着她的头发。

to flow in a particular direction or place

眼泪开始顺着她的脸颊淌下来。

if a tap is running, water is coming out of it, or if you run a tap, you make water come out of it

He ran the tap until the water was really hot.

他开着水龙头，直到流出的水很烫。

I could hear her running a bath upstairs.

我听到她在楼上放洗澡水。

Could you run me a nice hot bath while I finish my meal?

趁我吃饭的时候你给我放一浴缸热水好吗？

if someone’s nose is running, liquid is flowing out of it

if something runs for a particular length of time, it can officially be used for that time

My car insurance only has another month to run.

我的汽车保险只剩一个月了。

to continue being performed regularly in one place

to happen in a particular way or at a particular time

〔以某种方式或在某个时间〕发生

Andy kept things [running smoothly](bold)(=happening in the way they should) while I was away.

我不在的时候，安迪把一切都安排得井井有条。

He was given a further three month prison sentence to run concurrently.

他另外又获刑三个月，合并执行。

The course runs over a three year period.

to be at a particular level, amount, or price

处于，达到〔某个水平、数量或价格〕

The cost of repairing the damage could run to $5000.

修理损坏之处的费用可达5,000美元。

if a story, discussion etc runs in a particular way, it has those particular words or events

The story runs that someone offered Lynch a further $500.

事情是这样的: 有人又给了林奇500美元。

‘President’s marriage really over’ ran the headline in a national newspaper.

一家全国性报纸的头条新闻是“总统的婚姻真的完了”。

if something runs its course, it continues in the way you expect until it has finished

Recession in the country has run its course and left an aftermath of uncertainty.

该国的经济衰退已经偃旗息鼓，但是余波未了，未来仍然捉摸不定。

if a subject, discussion, event etc will run and run, people will continue to be interested in it for a long time

〔话题、讨论、事件等〕将持续很长时间

这个故事将会一直流传下去。

if a feeling runs through you, or a thought runs through your mind, you feel it or think it quickly

A feeling of excitement ran through her body as they touched.

他们彼此碰到时，她全身一阵激动。

The same thought kept running through his mind.

这个想法一直萦绕在他的脑海里。

if feelings run high, people are very angry, upset, excited etc

Tension ran high and fights broke out among the crowd.

气氛紧张，人群中发生了打斗。

Feelings have been running high in the town, following the murder of a young girl.

一个年轻女孩被害之后，镇上群情激愤。

to keep telling someone what they should do all the time, in a way that annoys them

to run towards a place where you will be safe, especially to avoid bullets

跑向安全的地方〔尤指为躲避子弹〕

He was shot in the leg as he ran for cover.

他跑着找地方躲避的时候，腿部中了弹。

to try to protect yourself from a bad situation or from being criticized

躲避；使〔自己〕不受批评

His success at backing winning horses has had the bookmakers running for cover.

他赌马总是押对，已经让赌马经纪人唯恐避之不及。

if colour runs, it spreads from one piece of clothing or one area of cloth to another when the clothes are wet

The T-shirt ran and made all my other clothes pink.

T恤衫渗色，把我其他衣服都染成粉红色了。

if paint runs, it moves onto an area where you did not intend it to go

to arrange for someone or something to be checked or tested

Ask your doctor to run a test on your blood sugar levels.

让医生给你测一下血糖水平。

if a hole in tights or stockings runs, it gets bigger in a straight line

〔裤袜、长筒袜等〕脱线，抽丝

to bring drugs or guns into a country illegally in order to sell them

→ [drug runner](->drug runner) → [gun-running](->gun-running)

if something such as a quality, disease, or skill runs in the family, many people in that family have it

〔某种品质、疾病、技能等〕在家族中遗传，是家族特征

糖尿病似乎是家族遗传的。

to have a body temperature that is higher than normal, because you are ill

to try very hard to avoid a particular situation or person because you do not want to deal with them

尽量避而远之，躲得远远的

If someone asked me to marry them, I’d probably run a mile.

如果有人来向我求婚，我可能会躲得远远的。

to arrive, go somewhere, or do something late, early, or at the right time

I’m running late, so I’ll talk to you later.

我要晚了，回头再和你谈。

If the train runs on time, we’ll be there by ten.

如果火车准时，我们10点钟之前可以到那儿。

to feel worried because someone who you are competing against is becoming very successful or powerful

〔因对手越来越成功或强大而〕担心，烦恼

to react in a very eager way when someone asks or tells you to do something

He thinks he’s only got to look at me and I’ll come running.

他以为只要他使个眼色，我就会赶紧照他说的办。

to ask someone for help, advice, or sympathy when you have a problem

Well I warned you, so don’t come running to me when it all goes wrong!

我警告过你的，所以出了问题别来求我！

He ran his eyes along the books on the shelf.

to try to do something difficult before you have learned the basic skills you need

不会走就想跑，没掌握基本功就做难事

A lot of language students want to run before they can walk.

to drive quickly through a red traffic light instead of stopping


run

→ [dry run](->dry run) → [dummy run](->dummy run) → [fun run](->fun run) → [milk run](->milk run) → [print run](->print run) → [trial run](->trial run)

a period of time spent running, or a distance that you run

She usually [goes for](bold) a [run](bold) before breakfast.

He was still following me, and in a panic I [broke into a run](bold).

他仍然在尾随我，我吓得跑了起来。

Moving to Spain will be better for you in the long run.

从长远来看，搬到西班牙对你更合适。

Sufficient supply, in the short run, will be a problem.

短期内能否有充足供应将会是个问题。

一般/正常/普遍类型的某事物

The place was very different from the normal run of street cafes.

一连串，一系列〔成功或失败〕

Losing my job was the start of a run of bad luck that year.

失业是我那年一连串霉运的开始。

His extraordinary run of successes has been stopped.

他那种无往不利的成功势头已经结束。

an amount of a product produced at one time

to be trying to escape or hide, especially from the police

在逃跑，在躲藏〔尤指为逃避警察〕

if an army or opponent is on the run, they will soon be defeated

to be very busy and continuously rushing about

Typical of stress is this feeling of being continuously on the run.

这种一直奔波不停的感觉就是压力的典型表现。

to do something while you are on your way somewhere or doing something else

在赶路[做其他事]的时候做某事

I always seem to eat on the run these days.

这些天我好像总是边赶路边吃饭。

to suddenly start running, in order to escape

if you have the run of a place, you are allowed to go anywhere and do anything in it

We [had the run of](bold) the house for the afternoon.

下午我们可以在房子里自由活动。

a situation in which lots of people suddenly buy a particular product

There’s always a run on roses before Valentine’s Day.

情人节前玫瑰花总是很热销。

a situation in which lots of people sell dollars etc and the value goes down

an occasion when a lot of people take their money out of a bank at the same time

to make your opponent in a competition use all their skill and effort to defeat you

〔在竞争中〕让某人使出浑身解数才获胜

They’ve given some of the top teams a run for their money this season.

这个赛季他们让一些顶级球队赢得很艰难。

to succeed in doing something successfully for a long time

Investors have also had a good run for their money.

投资者也是一直稳赚不亏。

a continuous series of performances of a play, film etc in the same place

〔在相同地方的〕连续上演

His first play had a three-month run in the West End.

他的第一部戏在伦敦西区连续上演了三个月。

a journey by train, ship, truck etc made regularly between two places

〔火车、船、卡车等的〕固定行程[航程]

It’s only a 55-minute run from London to Brighton.

伦敦到布赖顿不过55分钟车程。

the daily [school run](bold)(=the journey that parents make each day taking their children to and from school)([BrE](bold))

父母每天接送孩子上下学的行程

an enclosed area where animals such as chickens or rabbits are kept

〔板球或棒球比赛中的〕分

Jones [made](bold) 32 [runs](bold) this afternoon.

琼斯今天下午得了32分。

a special area or track on a mountain for people to ski or sledge down

〔滑雪运动的〕坡道，滑道

an attempt to be elected to an important position

He is preparing a run for the presidency.

a line of torn stitches in tights or stockings

〔裤袜或长筒袜的〕脱线，抽丝

a set of notes played or sung quickly up or down a scale in a piece of music

〔按音阶顺序快速上行或下行的〕急奏，急唱

a set of cards with numbers in a series, held by one player


runner

→ [drug runner](->drug runner) [gun runner](bold) at → [gun-running](->gun-running) → [front-runner](->front-runner)

The runners and riders appear in Friday’s Racing Post.

赛马和骑师上了星期五的《赛马邮报》。

to leave somewhere quickly in order to avoid paying for something or having to meet someone

〔为避免付款或遇到某人而〕迅速逃离，溜掉

By the time the police got there, the boys had done a runner.

警察到达那里时，那些男孩子已经溜掉了。

one of the two thin pieces of metal under a sledge, or the single piece of metal under a skate

〔雪橇底部的〕滑板；〔冰鞋底部的〕冰刀

the bar of wood or metal that a drawer or curtain slides along

〔抽屉或帘子的〕导轨，滑槽，滑道

a stem on a plant that grows along the ground and then puts down roots to form a new plant


running

Did you [go running](bold) this morning?

New facilities include a pool and a running track.

新设施包括一个游泳池和一条跑道。

the process of managing or organizing a business, home, organization etc

Brian took over the [day-to-day running](bold) of the company while his father was away.

父亲不在期间，布赖恩接手公司的日常管理。

He praised the [smooth running](bold) of the election.

他称赞竞选组织得很顺利。

to have some hope or no hope of winning a race or competition

〔在竞赛中〕有/没有希望取胜

Who’s in the running for the world title this year?

今年谁有希望夺得世界冠军？

to be the person who makes most of the suggestions in a relationship, plan, activity etc

〔在关系、计划、活动等中〕主动，带头


running

if a house has running water, it has pipes which provide water to its kitchen, bath, toilet etc

Rinse the vegetables thoroughly under running water.

用流水将蔬菜彻底冲洗干净。

a spoken description of an event, especially a race or game, made while the event is happening

〔对赛事等的〕现场解说，现场报道

She [gave](bold) us [a running commentary](bold) on what was happening in the street.

她就街上的情况向我们作现场报道。

a total that keeps being increased as new costs, amounts etc are added

Keep a running total of your expenses as you go along.

进行的同时记个开支流水账总数。

an argument or joke that continues or is repeated over a long period of time

持久的争论/反复讲的笑话

a sore area on your skin that has liquid coming out of it

a machine that is in running order is working correctly

the order in which the different parts of an event have been arranged to take place

used to tell someone to go away and stop annoying you

滚开〔用于告诉某人不要打扰你〕


running

for three years etc without a change or interruption

She won the prize for the fourth year running.


runway

a long specially prepared hard surface like a road on which aircraft land and take off

a long narrow part of a stage that stretches out into the area where the audience sits

〔伸入观众席的〕延伸台道；T台


rural

happening in or relating to the countryside, not the city

→see THESAURUS at [country](->country) 1

like the countryside or reminding you of the countryside

像乡村的；使人想起乡村的

这周围很像乡村，对不对？


rush

to move very quickly, especially because you need to be somewhere soon

He was rushing out of his office in order to go to a meeting.

There’s no need to rush - we have plenty of time.

to do something or go somewhere more quickly than usual, especially because there is not much time

People hurried into stores to escape the rain.

You ll have to hurry or we 'll be late for breakfast

I hurried through the rest of my workout and showered as quickly as I could.

She raced downstairs to tell her mother.

He raced back to his car and called for help.

to run very quickly and without really looking where you are going, because you are in a hurry

I saw two boys tearing across the field towards the tree.

He tore down the stairs and out of the house.

to run somewhere very fast, especially only a short distance

Bob dashed across the road to his friend’s house.

Her heart was pumping furiously as she dashed through the kitchen to the front door.

I dashed outside to try to rescue the unfortunate creature.

to hurry when you are doing something or going somewhere

You better hustle or you’re going to miss the school bus.

to hurry somewhere, especially because you need to do something

Suddenly frightened, she hastened back to where her friends were standing.

She took a deep breath and then hastened after him.

to move very quickly, especially because you need to be somewhere very soon

〔尤因赶路而〕急速行进，冲，奔

一个小女孩从她身边匆匆经过。

to do something very quickly and without delay

I rushed to pack my suitcase before she came back.

趁她还没回来，我赶紧把手提箱收拾好。

to do or decide something too quickly, especially so that you do not have time to do it carefully or well

He does not intend to rush his decision.

When we first met, neither of us wanted to rush things.

我们刚认识时，谁也不想心太急。

to take or send someone or something somewhere very quickly, especially because of an unexpected problem

〔尤因意外事件而〕急送〔某人或某物去某处〕

The Red Cross rushed medical supplies to the war zone.

红十字会将医疗物资火速送往战区。

Dan was [rushed to hospital](bold) with serious head injuries.

丹因头部重伤被急速送往医院。

to try to make someone do something more quickly than they want to

I’m sorry to rush you, but we need a decision by Friday.

很抱歉催你，不过我们得在星期五之前作出决定。

They felt they were being rushed into choosing a new leader.

他们觉得自己是被催着去选一位新领导。

if water or another liquid rushes somewhere, it moves quickly

〔水或其他液体〕快速流动

used to say that someone’s face becomes red because they feel embarrassed

〔因尴尬〕某人的脸/面颊涨红

I felt the blood rush to my face as I heard my name.

听到我的名字，我感到自己一下子涨红了脸。

to attack a person or place suddenly and in a group

They rushed the guard and stole his keys.

他们突袭卫兵并偷走了他的钥匙。

to give parties for students, have meetings etc, in order to decide whether to let them join your fraternity or sororitytype of club

〔大学生联谊会通过舞会、聚会等〕招纳，吸引〔新会员〕

to go through the process of trying to be accepted into one of these clubs

争取加入〔大学生联谊会〕


rush

a sudden fast movement of things or people

She felt a cold rush of air as she wound down her window.

她摇下窗子，感到一股冷风吹来。

At five past twelve there was a [mad rush](bold) to the dinner hall.

12点零5分，人们疯狂地冲向餐厅。

I knew there would be a [last-minute rush](bold) to meet the deadline.

我就知道最后赶期限的时候会很紧张。

Don’t worry, [there’s no rush](bold). We don’t have to be at the station until 10.

别担心，不用急的，我们10点到车站就可以。

do sth in a rush (=do something quickly because you need to hurry)

I had to do my homework in a rush because I was late.

我得赶紧做家庭作业，因为已经迟交了。

I’m sorry, I can’t talk now – I’m in a rush.

对不起，我现在不能聊，我在赶时间。

the time in the day, month, year etc when a place or group of people is particularly busy

The café is quiet until the lunchtime rush begins.

在午饭高峰时间开始之前，这家小餐馆很清静。

a situation in which a lot of people suddenly try to do or get something

〔很多人〕争做，急需，抢购

There’s always a rush on swimsuits in the hot weather.

到了大热天泳衣总是很抢手。

the rush to put computers in all schools

给所有学校都安装电脑的热潮

a sudden strong, usually pleasant feeling that you get from taking a drug or from doing something exciting

〔服用毒品或做了令人兴奋的事后产生的〕快感，亢奋

The feeling of power gave me such a rush.

手握权力的感觉让我如此兴奋。

a sudden very strong feeling of anger etc

I felt a rush of excitement when she arrived.

她来到的时候，我感到一阵激动。

她心中突然涌起一阵嫉妒。

a type of tall grass that grows in water, often used for making baskets

the first prints of a film before it has been edited

the time when students in American universities who want to join a fraternity or sororitytype of club go to a lot of parties in order to try to be accepted

〔美国大学生联谊会的〕纳新活动时间


rush hour

the time of day when the roads, buses, trains etc are most full, because people are travelling to or from work

〔上下班的〕高峰时间，交通拥挤时间

早高峰时间我堵在了路上。


rust

the reddish-brown substance that forms on iron or steel when it gets wet

There were large patches of rust on the car.

a plant disease that causes reddish-brown spots


rust

to become covered with rust, or to make something become covered in rust


rusty

a new metal that will never [go rusty](bold)

if you are rusty, you are not as good at something as you used to be, because you have not practised it for a long time

〔技能〕荒疏的，荒废的，生疏的


ruthless

[ruthlessly](bold) adv. eg: The uprising was ruthlessly suppressed.

so determined to get what you want that you do not care if you have to hurt other people in order to do it

→see THESAURUS at [determined](->determined)

They have shown a ruthless disregard for basic human rights.

determined and firm when making unpleasant decisions

〔作出令人不快的决定时〕坚决的

He ran the company with ruthless efficiency.

他以铁面无情的高效率经营这家公司。

Throw away clothes you don’t wear – be ruthless.

把你不穿的衣服扔掉——要坚决。


sack

a large bag made of strong rough cloth or strong paper, used for storing or carrying flour, coal, vegetables etc

〔装面粉、煤、蔬菜等用的〕麻袋，粗布袋，厚纸袋，大口袋

when someone is dismissed from their job

They’ve never actually [given](bold) anyone [the sack](bold).

他们从未真的辞退过什么人。

She claimed she’d been threatened with the sack.

她称自己受到过解雇的威胁。

It’s one o'clock – time to hit the sack.

in bed – used to talk about sexual activity

在床上〔用于谈论性行为〕

a situation in which an army goes through a place, destroying or stealing things and attacking people

1527年对罗马城的劫掠


sack

They couldn’t sack me – I’d done nothing wrong.

他们不能解雇我——我没做错什么事。

He was sacked from every other job he had.

其他工作他做一份丢一份。

In written and formal British English, people often prefer to use [dismiss](bold)  rather than [sack](bold) :

People can be [dismissed](bold) for misusing the Internet at work.

to knock down the quarterback in American football

〔在美式橄榄球中〕擒杀〔四分卫〕

if soldiers sack a place, they go through it destroying or stealing things and attacking people

〔军队〕劫掠，洗劫，破坏


sacred

[sacredness](bold) n. <U> eg: the sacredness of human life

上帝的，神的；宗教（性）的

→see THESAURUS at [religious](->religious)

有些动物被认为是神圣的。

这块土地对这些部落成员而言是神圣的。

很重要的；神圣的；深受尊重的

Frontiers which have held for over forty years are no longer sacred.

已经存在40多年的边界不再是不可动摇的了。

Few things were sacred to Henry, but local history was one of them.

对亨利来说很少有什么东西是宝贵的，但当地的历史可以算是其中之一。

He had no respect for everything I [held sacred](bold).

我认为重要的事情他全都不屑一顾。

used to express shock when something you think is valuable or important is being changed or harmed

怎么能这样呢？〔对有价值的或重要的事物被改变或受损害时表示惊讶〕


sacrifice

when you decide not to have something valuable, in order to get something that is more important

The minister stressed the need for economic sacrifice.

部长强调了在经济上作出牺牲的必要性。

The workforce were willing to [make sacrifices](bold) in order to preserve jobs.

雇员为了保住饭碗情愿作出牺牲。

She brought three children up single-handedly, often at great [personal sacrifice](bold).

她独自把三个孩子带大，常常需要作出巨大的个人牺牲。

the act of offering something to a god, especially in the past, by killing an animal or person in a religious ceremony

献祭〔尤指旧时在宗教仪式中把动物或人杀死作祭品〕

They [made sacrifices](bold) to ensure a good harvest.

an animal, person, or object offered to a god in sacrifice

In those days, an animal was offered as a sacrifice to God.

那时候把动物作为祭品献给上帝。

a [human sacrifice](bold)(=a person killed as a sacrifice)

the act of dying while you are fighting for a principle or in order to help other people

Captain Oates [made the ultimate sacrifice](bold) in a bid to save his colleagues.

奥茨上尉为救同僚而牺牲了自己的生命。


sacrifice

to willingly stop having something you want or doing something you like in order to get something more important

A Labour government chose to sacrifice defence for welfare.

有一届工党政府选择牺牲国防来提高福利。

He sacrificed a promising career to look after his kids.

他为了照看孩子牺牲了很有前途的事业。

mothers who sacrifice themselves for their children

为了子女而牺牲自己的母亲们

In everyday English, people often say [give up](bold)  rather than [sacrifice](bold) :

He [gave up](bold) a promising career to look after his kids.

to kill an animal or person and offer them to a god in a religious ceremony


sad

sad, especially for a long time – used about people and periods of time

sad because you are away from your home, family, and friends

She sometimes felt homesick when she first arrived in Japan.

feeling sad for a few hours or days, often for no reason

Whenever I’m feeling down, I go out and buy myself some new clothes.

She’s been kind of down since that argument with Jack.

looking or sounding sad and without hope – used about people, places, and weather

looking sad and disappointed because something you hoped for did not happen

‘I didn’t pass,’ he said, looking dejected.

He was understandably downcast after the team’s loss.

Don’t look so glum! Maybe you’ll win next time.

looking a little sad and thoughtful, because you wish that the situation was different

very sad, especially because you are lonely, cold, ill, or upset – used about people and periods of time

I felt miserable and blamed myself for what had happened.

very sad and without hope for a long time, because things are wrong in your life or because of a medical condition

After his wife left him, he became depressed and refused to talk to anyone.

extremely sad because of something that has happened to someone or something that you care about very much

very upset because of something bad that has happened, so that you cannot think clearly

She was very distressed when he left her.

The boy’s hospital bed was surrounded by distraught relatives.

extremely sad and shocked, because something very bad has happened

The whole town was devastated by the tragedy.

He had listened patiently to his client’s sad story about her awful life.

It was with great shock that we heard the sad news that he had died.

It’s a sad fact that a significant amount of crime is committed by young people.

The sad truth is that the new law will not deter criminals.

I’m really disappointed that this happened. It’s a sad day for football.

Take the sad case of Gary Marsh, who was badly injured during a match.

The sad thing is that there’s little we can do about the situation now.

[comparative](italic) [sadder](bold) [superlative](italic) [saddest](bold)

not happy, especially because something unpleasant has happened

不愉快的，伤心的，难过的

Dad looked sad and worried as he read the letter.

爸爸读着信，看上去又难过又担心。

I was very sad to hear that he had died.

圣诞节过去了，莉莉感到很伤感。

I was sad about the friends I was leaving behind.

要离开那些朋友，我很难过。

a sad event, situation etc makes you feel unhappy

听到这个令人伤心的消息我很难过。

It was a [sad case](bold). The boy ended up in prison.

事情很惨，那个男孩最后进了监狱。

看到他们争吵真叫人心里难受。

今天对我们大家来说是一个伤心的日子。

There aren’t enough teachers, which is a [sad state of affairs](bold)(=bad situation).

师资不足，这种情况很糟糕。

It’s sad if people are too afraid to go out alone at night.

如果人们吓得晚上都不敢独自出门，那就太糟糕了。

[the sad fact is (that)](bold) [spoken](special)

The sad fact is that prejudice still exists.

可悲的是，偏见仍然存在。

[Sad to say](bold)(=unfortunately), the country is heading towards civil war.

很不幸，这个国家正在走向内战。

a sad person has a dull, unhappy, or lonely life

She’s a sad character – without any friends at all.

她是个可悲的人——一个朋友都没有。

Stay in on Saturday night? What a sad idea!

星期六晚上待在家里？这想法多没劲！

having learned something from an unpleasant experience

He came out of the relationship sadder but wiser.

他走出了那段恋爱关系，吃了苦头也学了乖。


saddle

a leather seat that you sit on when you ride a horse

〔自行车或摩托车的〕车座

We did six or eight hours in the saddle every day.

我们每天有六或八个小时骑在马背上。

in a position in which you have power or authority

He always has to be in the saddle, controlling everything.

他总是一定要掌握大权，控制一切。

a large joint of meat taken from the middle of the animal’s back


sadly

很遗憾，这家企业经营失败了。

very much – used when talking about bad situations or states

极为，非常〔用于谈到不好的情形或状态〕

这座花园已经完全荒芜了。

He was a popular man who will be sadly missed.

他人缘很好，大家都会非常想念他。

I’m afraid you’re going to be sadly disappointed.

If you think you’ll get any money from him, you’re sadly mistaken.

如果你认为自己可以从他那里拿到点钱，你就大错特错了。


sadness

a sad feeling, caused especially when a happy time is ending, or when you feel sorry about someone else’s unhappiness

Charles felt a great sense of sadness and loss.

the unhappy feeling you have when you are in a very difficult or unpleasant situation, especially when this lasts for a long time

After years of unhappiness, she finally decided to leave him.

She was a tense, nervous young woman, whose deep unhappiness was obvious to all those around her.

You do not know how much pain and unhappiness you have caused.

the feeling of being very sad, especially because someone has died or because terrible things have happened to you

There seemed to be nowhere to go to be alone with her sorrow.

His heart was filled with great sorrow after her death.

great unhappiness, caused especially by living or working in very bad conditions

The cold weather is with us again and the misery of the homeless is increasing.

Thousands of families were destined to a life of misery.

The misery and pain he caused were, for him, merely a measure of his success.

a feeling of great unhappiness, because very bad things have happened and you have no hope that anything will change

At the end of the month, she still had no job and was tired, frustrated, and close to despair.

great sadness that you feel when someone you love has died

He was overcome with grief when his wife died.

a strong feeling of great sadness, especially because you miss someone you love

She remembered the heartache of the first Christmas spent away from her sons.

a mental illness that makes someone feel so unhappy that they  have no energy or hope for the future, and they cannot live a normal life

He slipped into a depression in which he hardly ate or even left his room.

a feeling of being very unhappy and without hope

She felt useless, and this contributed to her despondency.

a feeling of sadness, that you feel even though there is no particular reason for it

Modigliani expressed his melancholy through his painting.

她感觉到了贝丝深深的哀痛。

It was with great sadness that we learned of his death.

我们听到他去世的消息，感到极为悲痛。

There was [a touch of sadness](bold) in his voice (=he sounded a little sad).

他的声音里含着一丝悲伤。

His relief [was tinged with sadness](bold)(=he also felt rather sad).

他的欣慰中带着一丝哀伤。


safe

[play it safe](bold) at → [play](->play) 1 sense 9 [it’s a safe bet (that)](bold) at → [bet](->bet) 2 sense 4 [safe seat](bold) at → [seat](->seat) 1 sense 2 [sb’s secret is safe (with sb)](bold) at → [secret](->secret) 2 sense 1

not in danger of being harmed, lost, or stolen. Also used about a place where someone or something is safe

if something is secure, it is safe from thieves and criminals. Also used about a place where something is safe

How do I know that my personal details are secure?

not likely to be damaged or harmed by something

The equipment was well protected from the rain.

Always make sure that you are well protected from the sun.

in a place where someone or something cannot be hurt or damaged

She put the glass vases on the top shelf, out of harm’s way.

Make sure that he stays out of harm’s way.

The kidnappers released the young man unharmed.

not hurt or damaged, after an accident, an attack, or a dangerous experience – used when you are surprised by this

Miraculously, the old part of the city remained unscathed.

not harmed or damaged, especially after a journey or a dangerous experience

safe, after being in a dangerous situation

As soon as they were out of danger, they stopped for a rest.

[comparative](italic) [safer](bold) [superlative](italic) [safest](bold)

She doesn’t [feel safe](bold) in the house on her own.

她独自一人在家感到不安全。

The birds’ nests are high up, safe from predators.

鸟巢筑在高处，安全地避开了捕食者。

Make sure you [keep](bold) these documents [safe](bold).

你一定要妥善保管这些文件。

[be (as) safe as houses](bold) BrE(=be completely safe)

[safe and sound/well](bold)(=unharmed, especially after being in danger)

The missing children were found safe and sound.

失踪的孩子们找到了，他们都安然无恙。

not likely to cause any physical injury or harm

Flying is one of the safest forms of travel.

乘飞机是最安全的出行方式之一。

不要靠近边缘——这不安全。

The water is treated to [make](bold) it [safe](bold) to drink.

这水经过处理，可以安全饮用。

Drivers should [keep a safe distance](bold) from the car in front.

驾驶员应该与前面的车辆保持安全距离。

not involving any risk and very likely to be successful

I think it’s safe to say that the future is looking pretty good.

我想可以肯定地说前景是乐观的。

a place where something is not likely to be stolen or lost

把信用卡放在安全的地方。

a journey etc when someone or something is not harmed or lost

平安的旅行/到达/归来等

His family celebrated his safe return home.

[safe journey](bold) BrE(=said to someone when they start a long journey)

爸爸打电话来祝我一路平安。

a safe subject of conversation is not likely to upset anyone or make people argue

保险的，不会令人不快的，不会引起争议的

I kept to safe subjects, like the weather.

我只谈一些无关痛痒的话题，例如天气。

to do something in order to be certain to avoid an unpleasant situation

I’d take an umbrella, just to be on the safe side.

为稳妥起见，我还是带把伞好。

to be with someone who will look after you very well

在可靠的人手里，受到妥善照顾

Everyone wants to feel that their children are in safe hands.

人人都希望认为自己的孩子交到了安全可靠的人手里。

used to say that it is better to be careful, even if this takes time, effort etc, than take a risk that may have a bad result

Set the alarm clock – better safe than sorry!

给闹钟设好时间——宁求稳妥以免后悔啦！

completely certain that something is true or will happen

She went out, safe in the knowledge that no one else was awake.

她确定其他人都没醒，就出去了。

someone you can trust to do a difficult job without making mistakes

used by young people to show approval of something

酷！棒！好！〔年轻人用来表示赞成某事〕

“亚历克斯要开派对。”“噢，太好了！”

used to say that something is good and that there is no problem

“你的新老板怎样？”“她挺好。”


safe

a strong metal box or cupboard with special locks where you keep money and valuable things


safe

嗨，喂〔年轻人打招呼用语〕


safeguard

to protect something from harm or damage

[safeguard sb’s interests/rights/welfare etc](bold)

The industry has a duty to safeguard consumers.

这个行业有责任保护消费者。

technology that will safeguard the environment

a program for safeguarding the computer system against viruses


safeguard

a rule, agreement etc that is intended to protect someone or something from possible dangers or problems

International safeguards prevent the increase of nuclear weapons.

国际安全条约防止核武器数量增加。

safeguards against the exploitation of children

避免儿童遭受剥削的保护措施


safely

I think we can safely assume that she will pass the exam.

我想我们可以确信她会通过考试。


safety

The police must put public safety first.

She didn’t seem to care about her own personal safety.

(=for people driving and walking on roads)

Extra lighting would improve road safety in this area.

New food safety laws say that sandwiches for sale in shops must be kept refrigerated.

(=official rules designed to make something safe)

He claims safety standards on ferries are still not high enough.

(=rules designed to make something safe)

She was sold an electric fire that broke all the safety regulations.

Your employer should provide the necessary safety equipment.

(=something that is done to make something safe)

New safety measures have been introduced after two horses died in last year’s race.

The firing range is poorly designed and poses a significant safety hazard.

(=figures showing how safe or unsafe something has been in the past)

(=things that are done to prevent people becoming ill or having accidents during an activity)

The Agency’s function is to promote health and safety at work.

New plans have been announced to improve safety on the railways.

There were few laws or regulations to ensure the safety of workers.

They fear for the safety of relatives they have left behind.

He had been kept in custody for his own safety.

For safety reasons visitors won’t be able to go down the tunnels.

(=in order to prevent accidents from happening, when this is possible but not very likely)

A fence was put around the lake as a safety precaution.

when someone or something is safe from danger or harm

measures to improve the [health and safety ](bold)of employees

改善雇员健康状况和安全保障的措施

We were able to watch the lions in complete safety.

我们可以绝对安全地观看狮子。

For safety, always climb with a partner.

为安全起见，登山一定要有同伴。

You shouldn’t travel alone, [for safety’s sake](bold).

为安全起见，不要独自一人旅行。

[For](bold) your [own safety](bold), please do not smoke inside the plane.

为了您自身的安全，请不要在飞机上吸烟。

Campaigners have challenged the safety of genetically modified foods.

活动参加者对转基因食品的安全性提出了质疑。

[safety standards/regulations/precautions etc](bold)(=things that are done in order to make sure that something is safe)

Lower speed limits are part of a new road safety campaign.

降低汽车限速是新的道路安全运动的一个内容。

how safe someone is in a particular situation

The boy had been missing for five days and there were fears for his safety.

男孩失踪已经五天了，大家都担心他的安全。

安全的地方，没有危险的地方

Thirty thousand people fled to the safety of the capital.

三万人逃往首都安全的地方。

Firefighters led the children to safety.

消防员把孩子们带到安全的地方。

They [reached safety](bold) seconds before the bomb went off.

在炸弹爆炸前的几秒钟他们跑到了安全的地方。

used to say that it is safer to be in a group than alone

a way of getting two points in American football by making the other team put the ball down in its own goal

安全得分〔美式橄榄球中迫使对方在自己球门区内将球放下而得两分〕

a lock on a gun that stops anyone from shooting it by accident

保险机，保险栓〔枪上的一种锁定装置，用来防止意外走火〕

equipment etc that keeps you safe when you are doing something dangerous

安全护带/安全帽/防护眼镜等


sail

to travel on or across an area of water in a boat or ship

the first Europeans to sail across the Atlantic

乘船横渡大西洋的首批欧洲人

She always wanted to [sail around the world](bold).

她一直想要乘船环游世界。

[sail the Pacific/the Atlantic etc](bold)

We’re taking two months off to sail the Caribbean.

我们要请两个月假去加勒比海航行。

他们下星期要起航前往安提瓜岛。

to direct or control the movement of a boat or ship that has a sail

Blake sailed the ship safely through the narrow passage.

布莱克驾船安全驶过这条狭窄的航道。

to move quickly and smoothly through the air

to move forwards gracefully and confidently

to do or say something that is nearly wrong, illegal, or dishonest

近乎违法；几乎逾规；近乎说谎


sail

a large piece of strong cloth fixed onto a boat, so that the wind will push the boat along

[hoist/lower the sails](bold)(=put the sails up or down)

The following week the ‘Queen Elizabeth’ set sail for Jamaica.

接下来的一周，“伊丽莎白女王”号起航前往牙买加。

moving along on a ship or boat that has sails


sailor

我们两个都是经验丰富的水手。

someone who does or does not feel sick when they are on a boat or ship


saint

someone who is given the title ‘saint’ by the Christian Church after they have died, because they have been very good or holy

〔死后由基督教会追封的〕圣徒，圣人

Statues of saints lined the walls of the church.

教堂的墙边立着一排圣徒雕像。

someone who is extremely good, kind, or patient

圣人〔指道德高尚、善良或有耐心的人〕

His wife must have been a saint to put up with him for all those years.

他妻子容忍了他那么多年，一定是个圣人。

You need the patience of a saint for this job.

做这份工作需要有极大的耐心。


sake

in order to help, improve, or please someone or something

He moved to the seaside for the sake of his health.

I hope he’s told the truth [for](bold) his [own sake](bold)(=because it will be good for him).

为了他自己好，我希望他已经说出了真相。

used when you are telling someone how important it is to do something or not to do something

看在上帝的分上〔表示某事很重要〕

看在上帝的分上，千万别迟到！

used to show that you are angry or annoyed

if you do something for the sake of it, you do it because you want to and not for any particular reason

只是想那样做〔没有特殊的原因〕

She likes spending money just for the sake of it.

她喜欢花钱就是因为想花钱。

if something is done for its own sake, it is done for the value of the experience itself, not for any advantage it will bring

鉴于某事本身的价值，为某事本身的缘故

if you say something for the sake of argument, what you say may not be true but it will help you to have a discussion

Let’s say, just for the sake of argument, that you’ve got £200 to invest.

为了方便讨论，比方说你有200英镑可用于投资。


sake

a Japanese alcoholic drink made from rice


salad

a mixture of raw vegetables, especially lettuce,
							cucumber, and tomato

Would you like some salad with your pasta?

你的意大利面要配些沙拉吗？

[toss a salad](bold)(=mix it all together, usually with a dressing)

raw or cooked food cut into small pieces and served cold

〔或生或熟、切成小块食用的〕沙拉，凉拌菜


salary

the money that you receive regularly for doing your job, usually paid to you every month. [Salary](bold) is usually used for professional jobs such as teachers, managers, doctors etc

Her salary is paid directly into her bank account.

the money that someone is paid every week by their employer, especially someone who works in a shop or factory

Practically all my wages go on housing and transport to work.

the money that you receive regularly for doing your job, and from things such as a business or investments

The amount of tax you have to pay depends on your income.

People on low incomes are finding it difficult to pay their fuel bills.

the total amount of money you earn from any job you do – used especially when the amount is different each month or year

The average worker’s earnings have not kept up with inflation.

She’s now earning a good salary as an interpreter.

Which graduates command the highest salaries?

Large companies often pay better salaries.

We offer competitive salaries to graduates.

His salary was increased to £80,000 a year.

They will cut salaries before they cut jobs.

She moved to a job with a higher salary.

It sounds an interesting job, but the salary is too low.

He’s now a top executive with a six-figure salary.

His current salary is just over £30,000 a year.

(=the basic amount that someone is paid)

You get a basic salary, and then other benefits on top.

(=the salary someone gets when they start a job)

The starting salary for a hotel manager is $26,400.

Your pension is based on a proportion of your final salary.

The workforce agreed to take salary cuts.

(=the list of increasing salaries that someone in a job can earn)

He is almost at the top of his salary scale.

He couldn’t afford to take a drop in salary.

They were offered a 10% increase in salary.

money that you receive as payment from the organization you work for, usually paid to you every month

〔通常按月发放的〕薪金，工资

The average salary for a teacher is $39,000 a year.

教师的平均工资是39,000美元一年。


sale

→ [bill of sale](->bill of sale) → [jumble sale](->jumble sale) → [point of sale](->point of sale)

A salesman may communicate perfectly well with a customer but fail to make a sale.

Harry lost the sale because he was not persistent enough.

He wants a quick sale, so he might reduce the price.

The company has reported continuing strong sales.

Sales for the first three months of this year were disappointing.

The Ford Fiesta has achieved record sales in Italy.

Car sales have fallen every month for the past two years.

The company has annual sales of over $300 million.

(=sales of things to the public in shops)

The volume of retail sales was 0.3 percent higher than in the previous quarter.

Export sales rose for the sixth consecutive month.

Last month saw record high-street sales.

Sales are expected to improve over the coming year.

(=increase quickly and by a large amount)

Computer sales soared as prices continued to come down.

(=decrease quickly and by a large amount)

Meat sales have slumped following the most recent health scare.

The company said its sales figures continued to show growth.

It achieved only 20% of its sales target.

(=the people who sell a company's products)

The sales force had grown from 40 to 270.

There has been an encouraging improvement in sales performance.

The sales forecast is for a 12% increase in sales over the current year.

The company is expecting a 20% increase in sales next year.

Some jobs may be cut following a big drop in sales.

Because of its high volume of sales, the company can keep prices low.

The use and sale of marijuana remains illegal.

吸食和贩卖大麻一直是违法的。

Harvey gets a $50 commission every time he [makes](bold) a [sale](bold)(=sells something as part of his job).

哈维每做成一笔生意可得到50美元的佣金。

Car salesmen will often bring down the price rather than [lose](bold) a [sale](bold)(=fail to sell something).

汽车推销员常常宁愿降价也不愿失去一笔生意。

the total number of products that are sold during a particular period of time

Britain’s [retail sales](bold)(=all the things sold to the public in shops) jumped 3.2 percent in April.

4月份英国的零售销量猛增了3.2%。

We did not reach our summer [sales targets](bold).

我们未能达到夏季的销售指标。

The company no longer releases its [sales figures](bold)(=how much money it makes or loses from sales).

这家公司不再公布自己的销售数字。

We grossed more than $500,000 in sales last year.

我们去年的销售总额超过50万美元。

the part of a company that deals with selling products

她找到了一份销售部的工作。

a worldwide [sales force](bold) of 1,100

全球范围内1,100人的销售队伍

请问，这些是要出售的吗？

There was a ‘for sale’ sign in the yard.

院子里有一块写着“待售”的牌子。

Reluctantly, they [put](bold) the family home [up for sale](bold)(=made it available to be bought).

他们万分不舍地把家里的房子拿去出售。

A wide range of postcards and other souvenirs are on sale in the visitors’ centre.

游客中心有各种明信片以及其他纪念品出售。

Stephen King’s new novel will [go on sale](bold)(=will begin to be sold) next week.

斯蒂芬·金的新小说将于下星期上市。

available to be bought at a lower price than usual

这副手套削价出售，只卖九美元。

a period of time when shops sell their goods at lower prices than usual

Marsdon’s department store is [having](bold) a [sale](bold) this week.

马斯顿百货商店本周大减价。

[the sales](bold) BrE(=when all the shops have a sale)

I picked up some real bargains in the January sales this year.

今年1月份大减价时我买了些很便宜的东西。

an event at which things are sold to the person who offers the highest price

when a company makes a special effort to try to increase the amount of its products that it sells

the things that someone says when they are trying to persuade you to buy something

if a shop buys something on sale or return, it can return the goods that it is unable to sell

剩货包退〔零售商可以把卖不完的货物退还给批发商〕


salesman

a man whose job is to persuade people to buy his company’s products


salmon

a large fish with silver skin and pink flesh that lives in the sea but swims up rivers to lay its eggs


salon

a place where you can get your hair cut, have beauty treatments etc

a shop where fashionable and expensive clothes are sold

a room in a very large house, where people can meet and talk

〔大宅中的〕客厅，会客室

a regular meeting of famous people at which they talk about art, literature, or music, popular in the past in France

沙龙〔以前在法国流行的谈论艺术、文学或音乐的定期名流社交聚会〕


salt

→ [Epsom salts](->Epsom salts) → [smelling salts](->smelling salts) → [old salt](->old salt) [rub salt into the wound](bold) at → [rub](->rub) 1 sense 6 [worth his/her salt](bold) at → [worth](->worth) 1 sense 10

a natural white mineral that is added to food to make it taste better or to preserve it

这里面也许要加点盐和胡椒粉。

a [pinch of salt](bold)(=a very small amount)

someone who is ordinary but good and honest

世上的盐，地上的盐〔指普通但品行良好诚实的人〕

to not completely believe what someone tells you, because you know that they do not always tell the truth

〔因某人不总是说实话而〕对某事半信半疑，有保留地相信某事

Most of what he says should be taken with a pinch of salt.

他说的大部分话都不可全信。

a type of chemical substance that is formed when an acid is combined with a base

盐〔酸和碱形成的化合物〕


salt

to add salt to food to make it taste better

The meat is salted to store it through the winter.

to put salt on the roads to prevent them from becoming icy

〔为防止结冰〕撒盐于〔道路上〕


salt

water that contains salt, especially naturally in the sea

咸水；盐水；〔尤指〕海水


salty

language, a story, or a joke that is salty is amusing and often about sex

〔语言、故事、玩笑〕不正经的，下流的


same

used to say that two people, things, events etc are exactly like each other

The houses on the street all look the same.

They were doing the same jobs as the men, but being paid less.

used to say that there is very little difference between two people, things etc

There are insects that look exactly like green leaves.

identical  things are exactly the same in every way

The tablets were identical in size, shape, and colour.

two things that are indistinguishable are so similar that it is impossible to know which is which or to see any differences between them

The copy was indistinguishable from the original painting.

two or more amounts, totals, levels etc that are equal are the same as each other

Spend an equal amount of time on each essay question.

to be the same, even though you expect them to be different

People often think that movie stars are special, but really they’re no different from anybody else.

if you  can’t tell the difference  between two people or things, or if you  can’t tell them apart, they look, sound, or seem exactly the same to you

Emma and Louise sound so alike on the phone that I can’t tell the difference.

In written English, people often prefer to say that two amounts or values are [equal](bold)  rather than [the same](bold) :

They demanded [equal](bold) pay for work of [equal](bold) value.

the same person, place, thing etc is one particular person etc and not a different one

他每天晚上都坐在同一把椅子上。

It is [those same people](bold) who voted for the Democrats who now complain about their policies.

正是那些当初投票选民主党的人，现在却抱怨起民主党的政策来。

[the very same](bold)(=the same person or thing and not a different one – used to emphasize that what you are saying seems surprising)

We stood in front of the very same house in which Shakespeare wrote his plays.

我们就站在莎士比亚创作戏剧的那所房子前面。

used to say two or more people, things, events etc are exactly like each other

〔两个或两个以上的人、物、事情等〕完全相同的，一模一样的

两位女士穿着一模一样的连衣裙。

He gets the same pay as me but he gets his own office.

他和我拿同样的工资，但他有自己的办公室。

That’s funny – Simon said exactly the same thing.

真有趣，西蒙说了一模一样的话。

The furniture is made in [much the same](bold)(=almost the same) way as it was 200 years ago.

这家具的制造工艺和200年前的几乎一样。

used to say that a particular person or thing does not change

同样的，没有变化的，一成不变的

Her perfume has always had the same effect on me.

她身上的香水给我的感觉一如既往。

He’s [the same old](bold) Peter – moody and irritable.

他还是以前那个彼得——喜怒无常且爱发火。

if two things happen at the same time, they both happen together

Kate and I both went to live in Spain at the same time.

我和凯特同时移居西班牙。

与此同时，同时〔用于表示另外的事情也属实〕

We don’t want to lose him. At the same time, he needs to realise that company regulations must be obeyed.

我们不想失去他，同时他也要认识到公司的规章制度必须要遵守。

It doesn’t matter whether she was happy to leave or not. It amounts to the same thing – she’s gone.

她想不想走无所谓，结果都一样——她已经走了。

something that you have heard many times before – used especially to show disapproval

老一套的说法/借口等〔尤作贬义〕

It’s the same old story – his wife didn’t really love him.

还是那一套——他老婆并不真正爱他。

used to say that a situation has not changed, when this is boring or annoying but you did not really expect it to change

Nothing interesting's going on - just same old same old.

没什么有意思的事儿——还是老样子。

used to say that different actions, behaviour etc have the same result or effect

都一样，反正一个样〔用于表示行为或表现等不同但结果或效果一样〕

‘I could mail the letter or send a fax in the morning.’ ‘Same difference. It still won’t get there on time.’

“我可以明天上午寄信或者发个传真。”“都一样，反正都来不及了。”

for the same reasons – used when you want to say that something else is also true, especially something very different or surprising

I realise that he hasn’t come up with any new ideas, but by the same token we haven’t needed any.

我知道他没有想出什么新点子，不过我们也并不需要。

to be in the same difficult situation that someone else is in

Others in her profession are in the same boat.

和她干同一行的人也处于同样的困境。


same

[one and the same](bold) at → [one](->one) 2 sense 17

You usually say [the same](bold) : They both gave the same reason for leaving. I’d like the same sort of car. The buildings all look the same.
 [They both gave a same reason](strike) . [I’d like a same sort of car](strike) .

You say [the same as](bold) : His answer was the same as mine.
Don’t say: [the same like mine](strike)  [the same with mine](strike)

You can also say [this same](bold)  or [that same](bold)  followed by a noun, to emphasize it: At that same moment, the telephone rang.

In written English, people often prefer to say that an amount or level [remains constant](bold)  rather than [stays the same](bold) .

used to say that two or more people or things are exactly like each other

The coins may look the same but one’s a forgery.

这些硬币虽然看起来一样，但其中有一个是假币。

Your measurements are [exactly the same](bold) as Dana’s.

你的尺寸和达纳的完全相同。

Thanks for your help – I’ll do the same for you one day.

谢谢你的帮助——总有一天我会报答你的。

used to say that a particular person or thing does not change

同样的，没有变化的，一成不变的

Things just won’t be the same without Sam.

没有萨姆在，情况再也不一样了。

你也一样！〔用于回答对方的问候〕

‘Merry Christmas!’ ‘And the same to you, Ben.’

“圣诞快乐！” “也祝你圣诞快乐，本。”

你也一样！〔用于生气地回应粗鲁话〕

“去你的！”“滚你的！”

in spite of a particular situation, opinion etc

I realise she can be very annoying, but I think you should apologise all the same.

我知道她有时候会很讨厌，但我认为你还是应当向她道歉。

in spite of something that you have just mentioned

I’m not likely to run out of money but, all the same, I’m careful.

我不大可能会没有钱用，不过尽管如此，我还是很小心。

used to say that someone does not mind what decision is made, would be pleased with any choice, or does not really care

对某人来说都一样[都不错，无所谓]

If it’s all the same to you, I’ll go this weekend.

如果你都行的话，我这个周末去。

used to say that you feel the same way as someone else

我也一样〔用于表示与别人有同感〕

“我累死了。”“我也一样！”

used to ask for another drink of the same kind

再来一杯〔用于吩咐要同样的饮料〕

another person, thing etc like the one just mentioned

也是一样[相同]的〔用于指人或事物与刚才提及的那个一样〕

He has produced a string of thrillers, and this movie is just more of the same.

他拍过一系列惊悚片，这部电影也是同样类型。


same

‘Rain’ and ‘reign’ are pronounced the same, even though they are spelt differently.

rain和reign发音相同，尽管拼法不一样。

Everyone had to dress the same as a well-known historical figure.

每个人都必须装扮成一位历史名人。

和别人一样，我也有自尊心。


sample

He compared the samples with a blood sample from Mr Green.

They analysed soil samples collected from streams.

Archaeologists are studying DNA samples from ancient Egyptian mummies.

The study took samples from workers at four nuclear plants.

He said he had once fainted when giving a sample of blood.

All the samples were tested for bacteria.

a small part or amount of something that is examined in order to find out something about the whole

I’d like to see some samples of your work.

我想看看你做的一些样品。

They took a [blood sample](bold) to test for hepatitis.

他们取了血样做肝炎化验。

a small amount of a product that people can try in order to find out what it is like

a small group of people who have been chosen from a larger group to give information or answers to questions

〔抽查的〕样本，被抽选的一组人员

The sample consisted of 98 secondary school teachers.

抽样对象是98名中学教师。

Out of a [random sample](bold) of drivers, 21% had been in an accident in the previous year.

在随机抽样调查的驾驶员中，有21%曾在上一年发生过事故。

a nationally [representative sample](bold) of over 950 elderly persons

抽选950余位老人作为全国具有代表性的样本

a small part of a song from a CD or record that is used in a new song

节录乐曲〔用在新曲子中的、选自唱片中某一首曲子的一小段旋律〕

Her latest album makes extensive use of samples from a wide range of acid jazz tracks.

她的最新专辑从各类迷幻爵士乐中选用了大量节录乐曲。


sample

to taste food or drink in order to see what it is like

品尝，尝试〔食品或饮料〕

to choose some people from a larger group in order to ask them questions or get information from them

18% of the adults sampled admitted having had problems with alcohol abuse.

在接受抽样调查的成年人中有18%承认有过酗酒问题。

to try an activity, go to a place etc in order to see what it is like

Here’s your chance to [sample the delights of](bold) country life.

体验乡村生活乐趣的机会来了。

to use a small part of a song from a CD or record in a new song

节录〔唱片的某一首曲子，用于新乐曲中〕

Many of his songs have been sampled by other artists.

他的许多歌曲都被别的歌手节录过。


sanction

The United Nations is considering new economic sanctions.

International sanctions were imposed on Iraq after it invaded Kuwait in 1990.

Due to strict sanctions, the country is unable to import the medicines it needs.

The US imposed economic sanctions on Panama.

Washington has since refused to lift sanctions.

The last administration decided to ease sanctions against Cuba.

The UN will have the job of enforcing the sanctions.

(=send something to another country when this is not allowed)

Several companies broke trade sanctions by continuing to export weapons to the country.

official orders or laws stopping trade, communication etc with another country, as a way of forcing its leaders to make political changes

a resolution to [impose sanctions](bold)(=start using sanctions) on North Korea

The UN Security Council may impose [economic sanctions](bold).

联合国安理会可能会实施经济制裁。

Any talk about [lifting sanctions](bold)(=ending them) is premature.

现在就谈取消制裁为时过早。

official permission, approval, or acceptance

Apparently, the aide had acted without White House sanction.

显然，这名助理的所作所为未经过白宫的批准。

a form of punishment that can be used if someone disobeys a rule or law

the harshest possible sanction which could be imposed


sanction

The church refused to sanction the king’s second marriage.

教会拒绝批准国王的第二次婚姻。

a barbaric custom, but one sanctioned by long usage

一种野蛮但由来已久的风俗


sanctuary

an area for birds or animals where they are protected and cannot be hunted

The park is the largest wildlife sanctuary in the US.

这座公园是美国最大的野生生物保护区。

a peaceful place that is safe and provides protection, especially for people who are in danger

Fleeing refugees found sanctuary in Geneva.

出逃的难民在日内瓦找到了避难所。

the part of a religious building that is considered to be the most holy

the room in a religious building where religious services take place

〔宗教建筑中进行宗教活动的〕殿堂，圣所

the right that people had under Christian law, especially in the past, to be protected from police, soldiers etc by staying in a church

〔旧时教堂的〕庇护权〔指根据基督教教规，在教堂里的人有权不受警察、军人等的抓捕〕


sand

a substance that forms beaches and deserts, or an area of this substance

He could see several small figures out on the sands.

an area of sand or small stones at the edge of the sea or a lake

a large area of land where it is always very hot and dry, and there is a lot of sand

a hill made of sand near the sea or in the desert

We went for a long walk along the dunes.

The dunes are home to a wide variety of birds and plants.

a substance consisting of very small pieces of rocks and minerals, that forms beaches and deserts

〔快速流逝的〕光阴，时光


sand

also: [sand down](bold)  [v](bold) <[I,T](bold)>

to make a surface smooth by rubbing it with sandpaper or using a special piece of equipment

〔用砂纸等〕打磨，（把 …）磨光


sandal

a light shoe that is fastened onto your foot by bands of leather or cloth, and is worn in warm weather


sandwich

→ [club sandwich](->club sandwich) → [open sandwich](->open sandwich)

two pieces of bread with cheese, meat, cooked egg etc between them

a cake consisting of two layers with jam and cream between them

山莓果酱奶油夹心海绵蛋糕


sandwich

to put something in a very small space between two other things

A layer of transparent material is sandwiched between the pieces of glass.

一层透明材料夹在玻璃中间。


sane

able to think in a normal and reasonable way

He seems [perfectly sane](bold)(=completely sane) to me.

在我看来他神志完全正常。

No sane person would want to kill a baby.

神志正常的人不会去杀一个婴儿。

reasonable and based on sensible thinking

a sane and sensible approach to gun control

一个明智而又合理的枪支管制方法

(also: [enable sb to stay/remain sane](bold) )

to stop someone from thinking about their problems and becoming upset

让某人不再担忧，让某人冷静下来

The only thing that kept me sane was music.

唯一能够帮我解忧的就是音乐。


sarcasm

a way of speaking or writing that involves saying the opposite of what you really mean in order to make an unkind joke or to show that you are annoyed

‘Good of you to arrive on time,’ George said, with [heavy sarcasm](bold)(=very clear sarcasm).

“你到得真准时啊。”乔治不加掩饰地挖苦道。

There was just a touch of sarcasm in her voice.

她的话音里含有一丝挖苦。


sarcastic

saying things that are the opposite of what you mean, in order to make an unkind joke or to show that you are annoyed

He can’t help making sarcastic comments.

他忍不住要说些嘲讽的话。

‘I thought so,’ she said with a sarcastic smile.

“我以为是这样的。”她说时嘲讽地一笑。


satellite

a machine that has been sent into space and goes around the Earth, Moon etc, used for radio, television, and other electronic communication

the launch of a communications and weather satellite

This broadcast comes live via satellite from New York.

本节目通过卫星从纽约现场直播。

a natural object that moves around a planet

a country, area, or organization that is controlled by or is dependent on another larger one

卫星国；附属机构[地区]

the former Soviet satellite country of Lithuania

a town that has developed next to a large city

We stayed in Aurora, a satellite suburb of Chicago.

我们停留在奥罗拉，芝加哥的一个卫星郊区。


satire

[satirical](bold) /səˈtɪrɪk/  adj. eg: a well-known satirical magazine

a way of criticizing something such as a group of people or a system, in which you deliberately make them seem funny so that people will see their faults

the characteristic use of satire in Jonson’s work

琼森作品中讽刺手法的独特运用

a comedy group that does political satire

一个专门搞政治讽刺的喜剧团体

a piece of writing, film, play etc that uses this type of criticism

〔文章、电影、剧本等的〕讽刺作品

a biting satire of the television industry


satisfaction

ˌsætəsˈfækʃən

ˌsætəsˈfækʃən

a feeling of happiness or pleasure, especially because you have achieved something good or useful

Most teachers take great pride and satisfaction in their work.

a feeling of pleasure and satisfaction that you get when you or someone connected with you has achieved something good

Her father’s pride in her accomplishments was clear.

I was blushing with pride because I had been chosen to be on the team.

the feeling of being happy and satisfied because you have what you want or need. [Contentment](bold) is rather a formal use

Only when you truly know yourself can you find contentment.

He sat back with a look of deep contentment on his face.

a feeling of being satisfied and happy with your life. [Fulfilment](bold) is rather a formal use

Some women find fulfillment in being a mother, but this is not true for all women.

It was hard work, but it gave her great satisfaction.

The victory gave him immense satisfaction.

There is real satisfaction in helping other people to overcome their problems.

They expressed complete satisfaction with the agreement.

(=happiness with your own life or achievements)

The job offered William little personal satisfaction.

(=satisfaction that you express in a quiet, not very obvious way)

He announced with quiet satisfaction that they had achieved their target.

(=when you succeed or are proved right, but do not really feel happy about it)

‘That’s exactly what I expected,’ he said with grim satisfaction.

In general, job satisfaction among farm workers is extraordinarily high.

Staff work as a team to achieve customer satisfaction.

also: gain/derive satisfaction from sth (formal)

I get a lot of satisfaction from teaching.

He derived great satisfaction from knowing his son had followed in his footsteps.

They found satisfaction in helping others achieve their goals.

He took great satisfaction in doing his job well.

They have the satisfaction of knowing that the company needs them.

To have won both awards in the same year gives us great satisfaction.

Yet children also bring immense rewards and satisfaction.

As she looked at what she had created, she felt a quiet satisfaction.

Those taking part expressed their satisfaction with the outcome of the talks.

Performing such a difficult piece gave her a deep sense of satisfaction.

He allowed himself a little smile of satisfaction.

(=the number of people who feel satisfied)

Research shows a high level of satisfaction with the system.

(=something that gives you a feeling of satisfaction)

It is a source of deep satisfaction to him that he was eventually proved to be right.

a feeling of happiness or pleasure because you have achieved something or got what you wanted

She got great satisfaction from helping people to learn.

她在帮助人们学习的过程中得到很大的满足。

‘I’ve passed all my exams,’ he announced with satisfaction.

“我通过了所有的考试。”他满意地宣布。

Finance officials expressed satisfaction with the recovery of the dollar.

财政官员对美元的回升表示满意。

the satisfaction of knowing/seeing/having etc

I didn't want to give him the satisfaction of knowing that I was jealous.

我不想让他知道我嫉妒他而得意。

for your own satisfaction (=because you want to be sure about something)

For her own satisfaction, she checked through the figures again.

为了放心，她把数字又检查了一遍。

if something is done to someone’s satisfaction, it is done as well or as completely as they want, so they are pleased

The question could not be resolved, at least not to my satisfaction.

这问题无法解决，至少达不到让我满意的地步。

when you get money or an apology from someone who has treated you badly or unfairly

I [got no satisfaction](bold) from the customer complaints department.

顾客投诉部还没有给出让我满意的答复。

when someone gets something that they want, need, or have demanded


satisfactory

[satisfactorily](bold) adv. eg: The question has not been satisfactorily answered.

good enough – often used when something reaches a fairly good standard, but is not of a high standard

For a beginner, this camera produces satisfactory results.

The meal was all right, but rather expensive.

if something is acceptable to you, you think it is good enough and you are willing to take it

They can't find a solution that is acceptable to both sides.

enough in quantity, or of a good enough standard. [Adequate](bold) sounds rather formal and is used especially in official contexts

good enough in quality – used especially when something is as good as most other things

I want my kids to get a decent education.

The food’s decent and the service is good.

satisfactory, but not of the best quality – used especially about food and drink, or someone’s skill at doing something. [Passable ](bold) sounds rather formal

None of the hotels they suggested were up to scratch.

to be good enough for a particular purpose

After her initial difficulties she has made a very satisfactory recovery.

For a small amount of cream, a wire whisk is perfectly satisfactory.

Frege’s theory is not entirely satisfactory.

This system was far from satisfactory for a number of reasons.

something that is satisfactory seems good enough for you, or good enough for a particular situation or purpose

令人满意的，够好的，合适的

His progress this term has been satisfactory.

他这学期的进步令人满意。

an arrangement that is satisfactory to both sides

There seems to be no satisfactory explanation.

似乎没有令人满意的解释。

None of the solutions was entirely satisfactory.

这些解决办法没有一个是让人完全满意的。


satisfied

feeling that something is as good as it should be, or that something has happened in the way that you want

The teacher is satisfied with his progress.

satisfied. [Happy](bold) is very commonly used instead of [satisfied ](bold) in everyday English

I’m happy to work part-time until the kids are older.

He came out looking pleased with himself.

satisfied with what you are doing, so that you do not want to change anything

She seemed content to just sit and watch the others.

Sam was quite content with his life on the farm.

feeling that you have achieved enough in your life, and that you do not need things that are more interesting, important, or useful

I enjoy being a mother, but to feel fulfilled I need to work too.

They have plenty of [satisfied customers](bold).

他们的许多客户都很满意。

I’m not satisfied with the way he cut my hair.

他给我理的发型我不满意。

If you’re not completely satisfied, you can get your money back.

如果你不完全满意，可以退款。

Someone is [satisfied with](bold)  something: They were not satisfied with the room.
Don’t say: [They were not satisfied about the room.](strike)

In everyday English, people usually say [happy](bold)  rather than [satisfied](bold) :

Are you [happy](bold) with the arrangements?

feeling sure that something is right or true

He was satisfied that he had done nothing wrong.

他确信自己没有做错什么。

used to say in an annoyed way that you agree to do something that you do not really want to do

（你）该满意了吧？〔表示不情愿地同意某人的要求〕

Okay, okay, I’ll ask him this afternoon. Satisfied?

好吧，好吧，我今天下午问他，满意了吧？

used when you are annoyed with someone because they have done something that has a bad result

（你）满意了吧？〔因某人做了不好的事而表示不满〕

Dad's said neither of us can go now. Are you satisfied?

爸爸说了，现在我俩谁也不能去。这下你满意了吧？


satisfy

Education must satisfy the needs of its pupils.

The company was unable to satisfy demand for the product.

They don't get enough food to satisfy their appetite.

It is difficult to satisfy a desire for power.

Her urge to travel had never been satisfied.

(=let someone know something they want to know)

I had to read the letter, just to satisfy my curiosity.

(=provide the things that someone wants)

We work hard to satisfy customers' wants.

(=provide the things that someone hopes to get)

The new government failed to satisfy the aspirations of the people.

I needed to satisfy my cravings for chocolate.

The application must satisfy the requirements of Article 6.

Free treatment is available providing that two conditions are satisfied.

These programmes permit students to enter higher education without satisfying all the admissions criteria.

[past tense and past participle](italic) [satisfied](bold) [present participle](italic) [satisfying](bold) [third person singular](italic) [satisfies](bold)

to make someone feel pleased by doing what they want

Nothing I did would ever satisfy my father.

我做什么都不能让父亲满意。

if you satisfy someone’s needs, demands etc, you provide what they need or want

The program is designed to satisfy the needs of adult learners.

这一课程是为满足成年学习者的需要而设计的。

[satisfy sb’s hunger/appetite](bold)(=give someone enough food to stop them from feeling hungry)

A salad won’t be enough to satisfy my appetite.

一份沙拉是不够让我吃饱的。

Just to [satisfy](bold) my [curiosity](bold)(=find out something), how much did it cost?

我只是好奇想问一下，这花了多少钱？

to make someone feel sure that something is right or true

Jackson tried to satisfy me of his innocence.

杰克逊试图让我相信他是清白的。

Having satisfied herself that no one was there, she closed the door.

她确信那里没人，就把门关上了。

to be good enough for a particular purpose, standard etc

符合，达到〔要求、标准等〕

Have you [satisfied](bold) all the [requirements](bold) for the general degree?

你达到普通学位的所有要求了吗？


satisfying

ˈsætəsfaɪ-ɪŋ

ˈsætəsfaɪ-ɪŋ

making you feel satisfied, because you have got or achieved something you wanted

There’s something very satisfying about baking your own bread.

satisfying, because you feel you are doing something useful for yourself or for other people

It's been hard work, but very rewarding.

making you feel satisfied and happy with your life, because you are using your abilities in a useful way. [Fulfilling](bold) and [rewarding](bold) are very close in meaning. [Fulfilling](bold) is used more about your feelings about your life in general, and that something makes you feel a happier person

We want to provide a more fulfilling life for people who are mentally ill.

a happier and more fulfilling relationship

What should be a happy and fulfilling experience all too often is not.

making you feel pleased and satisfied, because something is good

The results of the training scheme were very pleasing.

making you feel pleased and satisfied, especially because people like what you have done, or you feel that you were right about something

Their enthusiastic reception of his paintings was very gratifying.

It's gratifying to know that these videos are appreciated.

It is extremely gratifying to hear that something I did affected someone's life in such a positive way.

making you feel pleased and happy, especially because you have got what you wanted

It can be very satisfying to work in the garden.

在花园里干活可以让人内心十分满足。

food that is satisfying makes you feel that you have eaten enough


Saturday

[n](bold) <[C,U](bold)> written abbreviation: Sat.

They arrived in Paris on Saturday evening.

他们于星期六晚抵达巴黎。

我上星期六在购物中心见到了萨莉。

[next Saturday](bold)(=Saturday of next week)

a Saturday (=one of the Saturdays in the year)

It was a crazy idea to go to the store on a Saturday.

星期六去商店真是个疯狂的想法。


sauce

a thick cooked liquid that is served with food to give it a particular taste

rude remarks made to someone that you should respect

what’s sauce for the goose is sauce for the gander

used to say that if one person is treated in a particular way, other people should be treated in the same way

应该一视同仁，适于此者亦应适于彼


saucepan

a deep round metal container with a handle that is used for cooking

Heat the oil and garlic in a large saucepan.

在大平底锅里把油和大蒜加热。


saucer

a small round plate that curves up at the edges, that you put a cup on


sausage

a small tube of skin filled with a mixture of meat, spices etc, eaten hot or cold after it has been cooked

‘Have you heard from Tom yet?’ ‘No, not a sausage!’

“你有没有汤姆的消息？”“没有，毫无音讯！”


savage

[savagely](bold) adv. eg: He was savagely attacked and beaten.

criticizing someone or something very severely

The government has announced savage cuts in spending.

政府宣布大幅度削减开支。

an offensive word used to describe people who have a simple traditional way of life

未开化的，原始的，野蛮的


savage

[n](bold) <[C](bold)> [old-fashioned](special) [not polite](special)

a very offensive word for someone who has a simple traditional way of life


savage

if an animal such as a dog savages someone, it attacks them and injures them badly

〔动物〕乱咬，凶猛地攻击

to criticize someone or something very severely

The prime minister was savaged by the press for failing to take action quickly enough.

首相因未能迅速采取行动而受到新闻界的猛烈抨击。


save

to gradually collect money by not spending all the money you have, especially when you regularly put some of it in a bank

She doesn’t earn much, but she still manages to save a few dollars each week.

We’re saving for a deposit to buy a house.

to regularly save part of the money you earn, especially over a long period of time

You should start setting aside part of your earnings as retirement savings.

to try to save money by spending less on the things you need and by saving what you can, especially when you do not earn very much

My parents scrimped and saved for years to send me to college.

to keep something, especially money, in a safe place to be used later

I wanted to surprise her, so I squirreled away a couple of dollars a week to spend on a present.

to spend less money by buying only the things that you really need, or by buying cheaper things

Weddings can be expensive, but you can economize by doing some things yourself.

to make someone or something safe from danger, harm, or destruction

→see THESAURUS at [protect](->protect)   →see THESAURUS at [rescue](->rescue) 1

Emergency aid could save millions threatened with starvation.

紧急援助可以拯救数百万受到饥饿威胁的人。

a new treatment that could [save](bold) his [life](bold)

能够挽救他生命的一种新疗法

She was determined to save her marriage.

to keep money in a bank so that you can use it later, especially when you gradually add more money over a period of time

He managed to save enough to buy a small house.

他想办法攒够钱买了一幢小房子。

到目前为止，我已存了大约500英镑。

to use less money, time, energy etc so that you do not waste any

We’ll save a lot of time if we go by car.

我们要是开车去，可以节省很多时间。

Everyone is being encouraged to save energy.

每个人都被鼓励节约能源。

to keep something so that you can use or enjoy it in the future

We’ll save the rest of the food and have it later.

我们把剩下的食物留着以后吃。

I had a bottle of champagne which I’d been saving for a special occasion.

我有一瓶香槟，是留到特别的日子喝的。

to keep all the objects of a particular kind that you can find, so that you can use them

I’m saving up vouchers to get a cheap air ticket to the States.

我在攒代金券来换一张去美国的便宜机票。

to help someone by making it unnecessary for them to do something that they do not want to do

使免除，使不用做〔不想做的事情〕

If you lent me £5, it would save me a trip to the bank.

如果你能借我五英镑，我就省得去一趟银行了。

I’ll take the shopping home in the car to save you carrying it.

我会把买的东西放在车里带回家，免得你用手拎着。

[save sb the trouble/bother (of doing sth)](bold)

I’ll get a taxi from the station to save you the trouble of coming to collect me.

我会从火车站叫个出租车，省得你费事来接我。

to stop people from using something so that it is available for someone else

We’ll save some dinner for you if you’re late.

你要是回来晚了，我们会给你留饭的。

to make a computer keep the work that you have done on it

Don’t forget to save before you close the file.

在关闭文件之前，不要忘记保存。

你把你做的改动保存了吗？

to stop the other team from scoring in a game such as football

〔足球等运动中〕救（球）

The goalkeeper just managed to save the shot.

守门员勉强扑出了这次射门。

used to thank someone who has helped you out of a difficult situation or solved a problem for you

Thanks again for the loan – you really saved my life.

再一次谢谢你借钱给我，你真是救了我啊。

to help someone to escape from an extremely difficult or dangerous situation

帮助某人逃脱困境[险境]

他为了自保在法庭上撒了谎。

to stop things from going badly and make a situation end successfully

A local businessman saved the day by donating £30,000 to the school.

一位当地的商人向这所学校捐助了三万英镑，挽救了局面。

to do something that will stop you from looking stupid or feeling embarrassed

A compromise must be found which will allow both sides in the dispute to save face.

必须找到折中的办法，让纠纷双方都可以保住面子。

the one good thing that makes someone or something acceptable

His sense of humour was his only saving grace.

幽默感是他唯一的可取之处。

used to tell someone that it is not worth saying anything, because nothing they say will make any difference to the situation

用不着白费唇舌，说也没有用

I tried to explain, but she told me to save my breath.

我想解释，但她叫我还是省点口水吧。

to prevent someone from doing something that they want to do but that you think is harmful

阻止某人做某事以免自尝苦果

in the Christian church, to free someone from the power of evil and bring them into the Christian religion

〔基督教〕拯救（某人），使摆脱罪孽


save

an action in which a player in a game such as football prevents the other team from scoring

〔足球等体育运动的〕救球

Martin [made](bold) a brilliant [save](bold) from Nichol’s shot.

马丁做了个精彩的救球动作，挡住了尼科尔的射门。


save

also: [=save for](bold)  [prep](bold) [formal](special)

She answered all the questions save one.

所有问题她都回答了，除了一个问题。

Little is known about his early life, save that he had a brother.

除了知道他有个弟弟外，他的早期生活几乎不为人知。


saving

all the money that you have saved, especially in a bank

积蓄；〔尤指〕银行存款，储蓄金

Buying a house had taken all their savings.

买房子花掉了他们所有的积蓄。

an amount of money that you have not spent, or an amount of something that you have not used

The new engines will lead to savings in fuel.

All small companies will need to [make savings](bold) if they are to survive.

所有的小公司若要生存就必得节省。

when you save money rather than spend it


saw

a tool that you use for cutting wood. It has a flat blade with an edge cut into many V shapes.

a short familiar phrase or sentence that is considered to contain some truth about life

That reminds me of the [old saw](bold) about being careful about what you wish for.

这使我想起了许愿需谨慎的那条古训。


saw

[past tense](italic) [sawed](bold) [past participle](italic) [sawn](bold) /sɔːn/ US /sɒːn/ or [past participle](italic) [sawed](bold) ([AmE](bold))

He sawed through a power cable by mistake.


say

[wouldn’t say boo to a goose](bold) at → [boo](->boo) 2 sense 3 [easier said than done](bold) at → [easy](->easy) 2 sense 4 [enough said](bold) at → [enough](->enough) 2 sense 6 [it goes without saying](bold) at → [go without](->go without) [needless to say](bold) at → [needless](->needless) sense 1 [no sooner said than done](bold) at → [soon](->soon) sense 9 [not say/breathe a word](bold) at → [word](->word) 1 sense 10 [well said](bold) at → [well](->well) 1 sense 13 [when all’s said and done](bold) at → [all](->all) 1 sense 17

You [say](bold)  something [to](bold)  someone: The principal said a few words to us.
Don’t say: [say someone something](strike)

You use [say](bold)  with speech marks (‘...’) when quoting the exact words that someone used: ‘I’m sorry I’m late,’ she said. Joe said: ‘I’ll be back soon.’

You use [say (that) ](bold)  when reporting what someone said:She said that she [was](bold) sorry she [was](bold) late. Joe said he [would](bold) be back soon. After [said](bold) , the verb in the other clause is usually also in the past tense.

You [tell](bold)  someone something: Diane told me the news. He told us a long story.
Don’t say: [tell something to someone](strike)

You [tell](bold)  someone [about](bold)  something that has happened: She told me about the accident.
Don’t say: [He told about the accident.](strike)

You use [tell](bold)  someone [(that)](bold)  when reporting what someone said: I told them that I [was](bold) sorry. The teacher told me I [could](bold) go home.  After [told](bold) , the verb in the other clause is usually also in the past tense.
Don’t say: [He told that he was sorry.](strike)

to say something, especially in a definite or formal way – used in official contexts

The witness stated that he had never seen the woman before.

We will announce the winners next Sunday.

They were announcing the train times over the loudspeaker system.

‘My personal life is none of your business,’ she declared.

to talk about someone or something, especially without giving many details

Did Tom mention anything about what happened at school?

to let someone know your feelings by putting them into words

Young children often find it difficult to express their emotions.

to say what your opinion is about someone or something

The prime minister was asked to comment on the crisis.

to say that you have noticed that something is true – used especially in formal writing

We have already noted that most old people live alone.

Someone once remarked that the problem with computers is that they only give you answers.

to say something more, after what has already been said

He added that he thought it could be done fairly cheaply.

to mention something that seems particularly important or relevant

Dr Graham points out that most children show some signs of abnormal behaviour.

It’s worth pointing out that few people actually die of this disease.

to talk about your opinions, worries, or the things you disagree about

The programme will give listeners the chance to air their views about immigration.

Workers were able to air their grievances.

to talk publicly about your feelings or about whether you approve or disapprove of something

The president has already voiced his support for the proposal.

She voiced concern for the safety of the hostages.

to say something very quietly, using your breath rather than your full voice

to say something quietly without pronouncing the words clearly

to say something quietly, especially when you are annoyed but do not want someone to hear you complaining

‘This is ridiculous,’ he muttered under his breath.

She muttered something about having to go home early.

to say something in a soft slow gentle voice

She stroked his hair and murmured, ‘Don’t worry. You’ll be all right.’

‘As I was saying,’ Lewis growled, ‘it needs to be finished today.’

to suddenly say something without thinking, especially something embarrassing or secret

It was partly nervousness that had made him blurt out the question.

to speak with a lot of pauses and repeated sounds, because you have a speech problem, or because you are nervous or excited

‘I’ll, I’ll only be a m-moment,’ he stammered.

I just wanted to say thank you for being there.

Some parents are unable to say no to their children.

I was about to say something to him when he looked up and smiled.

She stopped abruptly, suddenly afraid to say the words aloud.

If you don’t know the answer, don’t be afraid to say so.

I know it’s a terrible thing to say, but I wish he’d just go away.

He usually has something to say about just about everything.

[past tense and past participle](italic) [said](bold) /sed/ [third person singular](italic) [says](bold) /sez/

to express an idea, feeling, thought etc using words

“别哭了。”他柔声说道。

A spokesman said that the company had improved its safety standards.

一名发言人说公司已经提高了安全标准。

I always said I would buy a motorbike when I had enough money.

我一直说等我有了足够的钱就买一辆摩托车。

她有没有说发生了什么事？

I would like to say how much we appreciate your hard work.

我想说我们非常感谢你的辛勤劳动。

‘Why did she leave?’ ‘I don’t know – she [didn’t say](bold).’

“她为什么要离开？”“我不知道——她没说。”

“这不对头。”他自言自语道。

[a terrible/silly/strange etc thing to say](bold)

[say hello/goodbye/thank you etc](bold)(=say something to greet someone, thank someone etc)

I’ve said I’m sorry – what more do you want?

我已经道歉了——你还要怎样？

[say yes/no (to sth)](bold)(=agree or refuse)

我可以去吗，妈妈？唉，请您同意吧！

[say nothing/anything/something (about sth)](bold)

He looked as if he was going to say something.

I wished I had said nothing about Jordi.

我真希望当时没有对乔迪发表任何意见。

[have anything/nothing/something to say](bold)

Although he didn’t [say so](bold), it was clear that he was in pain.

虽然他没说，但是他明显很痛苦。

[What makes you say that](bold)(=why do you think that)?

say to do sth (=tell someone to do something)

尼娜说要4点30分和她碰头。

I’d like to [say a few words](bold)(=make a short speech).

‘So what are your plans now?’ ‘[I’d rather not say](bold).’

“那么你现在的计划是什么？”“我还是不说的好。”

In written English, people often avoid using [say](bold)  when referring to opinions or ideas expressed by another writer. Instead, they prefer to use a more formal verb such as [argue](bold) , [assert](bold) , [claim](bold) , or [maintain](bold) .

to give information in the form of written words, numbers, or pictures – used about signs, clocks, letters, messages etc

〔用文字、数字、图画等〕表达〔信息〕，说明

牌子上说“十分钟后回来”。

时钟显示时间为3点20分。

He received a letter saying that the appointment had been cancelled.

他收到一封信，说预约取消了。

say to do sth (=give information about what you should do)

The label says to take one tablet before meals.

The card doesn’t even say who sent the flowers.

卡片上甚至没说是谁送的花。

[It says here](bold) they have live music.

这里写着他们有现场音乐演出。

What do you think the writer is [trying to say](bold) in this passage?

你认为作者在这一段要表达什么意思？

So what you’re saying is, there’s none left.

那么你的意思是说什么都没剩下。

[All I’m saying is](bold) that it might be better to wait a while.

[Say](bold)  is usually used in the progressive in this meaning.

used to talk about something that people think is true

说〔人们认为是真实的事〕，据说

[they say/people say/ it is said (that)](bold)

They say that she has been all over the world.

It is said that he was a spy during the war.

据说他在战争期间是个间谍。

He’s said to be the richest man in the world.

据说他是世界上最富有的男人。

Well, [you know what they say](bold) – blood’s thicker than water.

哎呀，你知道大家都是这么说的——血浓于水。

The rest, [as they say](bold), is history.

接下来的，就如他们所说的，都是尽人皆知的故事了。

to show clearly that something is true about someone or something’s character

表明〔某人的性格或某物的特质〕是 …

The kind of car you drive says what kind of person you are.

你开什么样的车说明你是哪种类型的人。

The fact that she never apologized [says a lot about](bold)(=shows very clearly) what kind of person she is.

她一直没有道歉，这足以说明她是什么样的人。

[It said a lot for](bold) the manager (=it showed that he is good) that the team remained confident despite losing.

球队虽败自信犹在，这充分说明主教练执教有方。

These results [don’t say much for](bold) the quality of teaching (=they show that it is not very good).

这些考试成绩说明教学质量不高。

to show what someone is really feeling or thinking, especially without using words

〔尤指不用话语〕显示，表明〔真实的感受或想法〕

她脸上的表情写着“我爱你”。

to speak the words that are written in a play, poem, or prayer

Can you say that line again, this time with more feeling?

你能把那句台词再说一遍吗？这次多带些感情。

used when suggesting or supposing that something might happen or be true

If we put out, say, twenty chairs, would that be enough?

如果我们搬出去比方说20把椅子，够不够?

[let’s say (that)/just say (that)](bold)

假设你的计划失败，那怎么办？

Just say you won the lottery – what would you do?

假定你中了彩票——你打算做什么？

[Say](bold)  is usually used in the imperative or with [let’s](bold)  in this meaning.

to try to persuade yourself that something is true or not true

I kept saying to myself that this wasn’t really happening.

我不断地对自己说这不是真的在发生。

我得说，这蛋糕看上去真不错。

我不得不说我印象很深刻。

used to say that you do not think or feel something

I can’t say I envy her being married to him!

used for giving your opinion even though other people may not agree

我倒是要说〔尽管别人可能不同意〕

used when you do not know the answer to something

used to be polite when saying something that may embarrass or offend the person you are talking to

That’s just the point, Mr Glover, if I may say so.

恕我直言，格洛弗先生，那正是问题的关键。

used to say that something is true in spite of what you have just said

The diet can make you slim without exercise. Having said that, however, exercise is important too.

这份食谱可以让你不用锻炼就能苗条。话虽如此，锻炼也还是很重要的。

used to ask someone whether they agree with the statement you have just made

It seems very unlikely, wouldn’t you say?

这好像极不可能，你说对不对？

used to ask someone if they agree with a suggestion

你觉得怎样？你看行吗？〔用以询问某人是否同意所提的建议〕

We could go into partnership – what do you say?

我们可以合作，你觉得怎样？

[What do you say we](bold) all go to a movie?

我们大家一起去看电影，你看怎么样？

[What would you say to](bold) a meal out?

我们出去吃饭，你说好吗？

used to say that you understand what someone means, although they have not said it directly

别说了，不用再说了〔用以表示明白了某人的意思〕

‘I saw him leaving her house at 6.30 this morning.’ ‘Say no more!’

“我看到他今天早晨6点30分从她家出来。”“不用说了！”

used to say that you completely agree with someone

你说得真对！〔表示完全同意某人的意见〕

‘It’s cold in here.’ ‘You can say that again!’

“这里很冷。”“说得没错！”

used when someone says something that you agree with, although you would not have actually said it yourself because it is not polite

这可是你说的！〔表示同意某人的话，只是碍于礼貌自己不便说出〕

‘I was always stubborn as a kid.’ ‘You said it!’

“我小时候总是很固执。” “这可是你自己说的！”

‘Let’s go home.’ ‘You said it! I’m tired.’

“我们回家吧。”“同意！我累了。”

used to say that you do not agree with a statement, opinion etc

谁说的？〔表示不同意别人的说法、意见等〕

谁说博物馆的工作不值得干？

used to say that nobody can know something

谁能说得准？〔表示没有人知道问题的答案〕

Who can say what will happen between now and then?

谁能说得准这段时间里会发生什么？

Many women believe that skin cream makes their skin look younger, and who’s to say that they’re wrong?

许多女性相信护肤霜会使她们的肌肤显得年轻，谁知道她们是不是错了呢？

used to show you are surprised by what someone has told you – also often used when you are not at all surprised by what someone has told you

不会吧！不至于吧！〔表示对某人所说的事表示惊讶，亦常用来表示一点也不觉得惊讶〕

used to ask someone to tell you when to stop pouring them a drink or serving them food because they have got enough

够了请说一声〔用于给某人倒饮料或添食物时〕

used to tell people to smile when you are taking their photograph

〔给别人拍照时说的〕笑一笑

used to tell someone that they have only to ask and you will do what they want

只要你说一声〔表示愿意做某人要求的事〕

Anywhere you want to go, just say the word.

想去任何地方，你只要说一声。

used when you want to mention something good about someone, especially when you have been criticizing them

我也要为某人说句公道话〔尤用在批评过某人之后〕

I will say this for Tom – at least he’s consistent.

我也要为汤姆说句公道话——他至少能始终如一。

You’ve got determination – I’ll say that for you.

你很有决心——我也得为你说句公道话。

used when giving an opinion that you are sure is correct, even if the person you are talking to might disagree with you

即使你不同意，不管你怎么认为〔强调自己的看法没错〕

Say what you like about him, he’s a very good writer.

不管你怎么看，他就是个非常优秀的作家。

used to tell someone that you agree to do what they want, accept their opinion etc, especially because you do not want an argument

随便你，由你吧〔尤指说话人因不想引起争执而答应做某事、接受某人观点等〕

used to say that you have made the best offer that you can

再公道不过了〔表示已提供了最好的条件〕

If I win, I’ll buy you a drink. Can’t say fairer than that.

如果我赢了就请你喝杯酒，这样再公道不过了。

used to say that you would like something

我喜欢某物；我愿意做某事

used to say yes to a question, in a strong way

“争吵得很厉害吗？”“就是啊！”

used when you do not want to give a lot of details about something

这么说吧，大致说来〔不想说具体细节时用〕

Let’s just say she wasn’t very pleased about it.

这么说吧，她对此不大高兴。

used when you are not quite sure how to describe someone or something

他这人，怎么说呢，有点怪怪的。

used to ask someone for an explanation when they have done something wrong

你还有什么可说的？〔用于要求做错事的人作出解释〕

used when you did not hear what someone said or when you cannot believe that something is true

你说什么？〔用于没听清别人的话或不敢相信某事属实时〕

喂，嘿，我说呀〔用于引起别人的注意〕

used before giving your reaction to something

啊，哟〔对某事作出具体回应前使用的开头语〕

‘My husband’s broken his leg.’ ‘I say! I’m sorry to hear that.’

“我丈夫腿骨折了。”“啊！听到这事我很难过。”

to criticize someone or say something unpleasant directly to them instead of saying it to someone else

当着某人的面直说[直接批评]

I knew they wanted me to leave, even though they wouldn’t say it to my face.

我知道他们要我走，虽然他们没有当面这么说。

used to say that it is not surprising that someone or something is better than another person or thing because the other person or thing is so bad

没什么奇怪的，没什么不寻常的〔指某人或某物太糟糕，因而比其更好也不让人惊讶〕

This version is better than the original, but that’s not saying much.

这个版本比原版好，不过这也没什么可奇怪的。

used to say that you could have described something, criticized someone etc a lot more severely than you have

Jane could have been more considerate, to say the least.

说得客气点，简当时可以考虑得更周到一些。

used before giving more details or being more exact about something

那就是说，换句话说，更具体地说

They, that’s to say Matt and John, were arguing about what to do.

他们，也就是马特和约翰，在争论该怎么办。

used to make sure the person you are talking to does not think something that is not true

I’m quite happy in my job but that’s not to say I’m going to do it for the rest of my life.

我对自己的工作很满意，但这并不是说我就准备一辈子干这个工作。

used when adding a stronger description of something

The information is inadequate, not to say misleading.

信息不够充分，更不用说还会误导别人。

a lot/something/not much etc to be said for (doing) sth

used to say that there are a lot of or not many advantages to something

（做）某事有许多/有些/没有多少好处等

There’s a lot to be said for taking a few days off now and then.

It was a town with very little to be said for it.

used to mention another thing involved in what you have just been talking about

It wasn’t much for three years’ work, to say nothing of the money it had cost.

三年没有干出什么名堂，更不用说花掉的钱了。

Her father would have something to say about it.

有许多话要说，有一肚子话要说

used to emphasize who is in control in a situation

某人说了算，照某人说的办〔用于强调〕

My wife wants to go to Italy this year, and what she says goes!

我妻子想今年去意大利，她说了算！

to give your opinion about something, especially something you do not like

〔尤指对不喜欢的事〕发表看法，说出意见