oral

[orally](bold) adv. eg: The drug should be taken orally. eg: The statement may be given orally or in writing.


oral

also: [=oral ex#am](bold)  [n](bold) <[C](bold)>

a spoken test, especially in a foreign language

〔大学里学位考试的〕口试


orange

a round fruit that has a thick orange skin and is divided into parts inside

[Peel](bold) the [oranges](bold) and divide them into segments.

把橙子去皮，然后分成几瓣。


orbit

to travel in a curved path around a much larger object such as the Earth, the Sun etc

沿轨道运行；环绕 …运行

The satellite orbits the Earth every 48 hours.

这颗人造卫星每48小时绕地球运行一周。


orbit

the curved path travelled by an object which is moving around another much larger object such as the Earth, the Sun etc

〔环绕地球、太阳等运行的〕轨道

The telecommunications satellite went into orbit at the end of last year.

去年年底这颗通信卫星进入了轨道。

the area of power and influence of a person, an organization etc

countries within the orbit of the British Commonwealth


orchestra

[Orchestra](bold)  is usually followed by a singular verb: The orchestra [was](bold) rehearsing for a concert.

In British English, you can also use a plural verb: The orchestra [were](bold) rehearsing for a concert.

the instruments that have strings, for example

the instruments made of metal that you blow through, for example

a large group of musicians playing many different kinds of instruments and led by a conductor

the area of seats in a theatre close to and on the same level as the stage


ordeal

ɔːˈdiːl, ˈɔːdiːl

After thirteen days, the hostages' long ordeal finally ended.

Bruce Gordon has described his terrifying ordeal in a shark attack.

The treatment she had to go through was a painful ordeal.

(=experience something that is very bad or difficult)

I'd already gone through the ordeal of a divorce once.

The girl will not have to undergo the ordeal of giving evidence in court.

He faced the ordeal of caring for his dying wife.

In his book, he describes how he endured the ordeal of prison life.

The woman survived her ordeal and identified her attacker.

She is recovering from her ordeal after a bomb went off on the train she was on.

(=make someone suffer something very painful or frightening)

Simon Collier was subjected to a horrifying ordeal at gunpoint.

(=not make someone have to do something difficult)

Thank goodness she was spared the ordeal of surgery.

(=used to say who has made someone go through something painful or difficult)

She has only just revealed her ordeal at the hands of her stepfather.

a terrible or painful experience that continues for a period of time

She then had to [go through the ordeal](bold) of giving evidence.

此后她不得不经历提供证词的痛苦。

She was forced to [face the ordeal of](bold) withdrawal symptoms.

她被迫面对脱瘾症状的痛苦折磨。

He was beginning to wonder if he would [survive the ordeal](bold).

他开始怀疑自己能否熬过这场磨难。

Teresa had a transplant in 1989 and was just [recovering from](bold) that [ordeal](bold) when she suffered a brain hemorrhage.

特雷莎在1989年做了一次移植手术，而正当她刚刚从那可怕的磨难中逐渐恢复时，又患了脑出血。

Soon the whole [terrifying ordeal](bold) would be over.

这场恐怖的磨难很快就会过去的。


order

→ [pecking order](->pecking order) → [point of order](->point of order) → [standing order](->standing order) [call sb/sth to order](bold) at → [call](->call) 1 sense 16 [set/put your own house in order](bold) at → [house](->house) 1 sense 7 [be given/get your marching orders](bold) at → [march](->march) 1 sense 5 [in short order](bold) at → [short](->short) 1 sense 22 [under starter’s orders](bold) at → [starter](->starter) [tall order](bold) at → [tall](->tall)

Of course, the notes must be played in the right order.

The pages had been put in the wrong order.

He always closed the windows in the same order.

They announced the results in reverse order, starting with the last.

The dogs are given numbers, and stand in numerical order while the judge looks at them.

(=the order that things happened in time)

The paintings are arranged in chronological order.

(=with the lowest or highest number first)

The films are ranked in ascending order of profitability.

Put the events of the story into a logical order.

Decide what points you want to talk about, and put them in order.

in order of importance/priority/preference etc

The country’s main exports were, in order of importance, coffee, sugar, and soya beans.

The men argued that they had only been following orders.

(=be given orders by them and obey them)

Anyone who disobeys these orders will be severely punished.

The soldiers had orders to shoot anyone on the streets after 10 o'clock.

The general says he received no order to withdraw.

What happens to a soldier who disobeys a direct order?

They had strict orders not to allow anyone through.

(=when a judge in a court says you must do something)

Now they’re faced with a court order that could force them to leave.

President Grant issued an executive order establishing a reservation for the Nez Perce Indians.

(=when the doctor says you must do something)

She was to rest as much as possible on doctor’s orders.

Samuel trained every day in order to improve his performance.

塞缪尔为了提高成绩天天训练。

In order to understand how the human body works, you need to have some knowledge of chemistry.

想了解人体是如何工作的，你需要掌握一些化学知识。

so that something can happen or so that someone can do something

Sunlight is needed in order for the process of photosynthesis to take place in plants.

植物需要阳光来进行光合作用。

the way that things or events are arranged in relation to each other, so that one thing is first, another thing is second etc

Make sure that you [put](bold) the books back in the right [order](bold).

一定要把书按正确顺序放回去。

in order (=one after another, according to a plan)

Then they call out our names in order and we answer yes or no.

然后他们依次喊我们的名字，我们回答是或否。

Their names are [arranged](bold) in alphabetical [order](bold).

他们的名字是按字母顺序排列的。

[in order of importance/difficulty etc](bold)

The cities are listed in order of importance.

这些城市是按重要性的顺序排列的。

Students learn the verbs in order of difficulty.

学生按难易程度的顺序学习动词。

[in ascending/descending order](bold)(=starting with the lowest or highest number)

The prices are given in ascending order.

She read out the names in reverse order.

她按相反的顺序念出名字。

There seemed to be no [logical order](bold) to the sections.

这几部分似乎没有逻辑顺序。

an instruction to do something that is given by someone in authority

The captain had to give the order to abandon ship.

船长不得不发出弃船的命令。

She is under orders to have a complete rest.

她接到命令，要她充分休息。

He was thrown into the river on the emperor’s orders.

按照皇帝的命令，他被抛进河里。

The company cannot be identified by order of the court.

法院责令不得披露该公司的身份。

a situation in which rules are obeyed and authority is respected

The riots are a threat to [public order](bold).

暴乱对公共秩序构成了威胁。

[keep order/keep sb in order](bold)(=stop people from behaving badly)

The physics teacher couldn’t keep order in any class.

这名物理教师根本就维持不好课堂秩序。

She had trouble keeping her teenage sons in order.

她管不住她那几个十几岁的儿子。

The army was called in to [restore order](bold).

a situation in which everything is controlled, well organized, and correctly arranged

You need to [put](bold) your financial affairs [in order](bold).

你要安排好自己财务上的事。

She keeps her room [in good order](bold).

她把自己的房间保持得很整洁。

a request for food or drink in a restaurant or bar

〔在餐厅或酒吧的〕点菜，点饮料

The waiter [took](bold) our [orders](bold).

[last orders](bold) BrE(=the last time you can order a drink before a bar closes)

the food or drink you have asked for in a restaurant or bar

〔餐厅里〕所点的菜肴饮料；〔酒吧里〕所点的酒

When our order finally arrived we were very hungry indeed.

我们点的东西终于端上来时，我们已经饿坏了。

a request by a customer for a company to supply goods

Goods will be sent within 24 hours of [receiving](bold) your [order](bold).

货物将于收到贵方订单后24小时内发出。

You can always [cancel](bold) your [order](bold) if you change your mind.

如改变主意，可随时取消订货。

The government has [placed an order for](bold)(=asked a company to supply) new weapons.

Please complete the enclosed [order form](bold).

on order (=asked for, but not yet received)

我的自行车已经下单订购了。

[make/supply sth to order](bold)(=produce something especially for a particular customer)

他们按订货要求生产手工制作的鞋子。

goods that you have ordered from a company

Your order has arrived – you can collect it from the store any time.

你订的货品已到，你可以随时到店提取。

In everyday English, people usually say that a machine or piece of equipment is [not working ](bold)  or is [broken](bold)  rather than [out of order](bold) :

if a machine or piece of equipment is out of order, it is not working

〔机器或设备〕发生故障，失灵

if someone’s behaviour is out of order, it is unacceptable

to be breaking the rules in a committee, court, parliament etc

The MP’s remarks were ruled out of order.

该议员的言论被裁定为违反规程。

if something is in order, it is correct or right

to be a suitable thing to do or say on a particular occasion

if an official document is in order, it is legal and correct

if something that you do is in order, it is allowed by the rules in a committee, court, parliament etc

She keeps her bicycle in good working order.

the political, social, or economic situation at a particular time

He called the rioters a threat to the social order.

他说那些暴乱分子是对社会秩序的一种威胁。

The people of South Africa wanted a [new order](bold).

He dared to challenge the [established](bold)(=traditional)[order](bold).

to be suitable for a particular occasion or situation

〔在某场合或情况中〕适宜，恰当

Casual clothes are the order of the day.

to be very common at a particular time – used especially when you disapprove of something

〔在某一时期〕变得很寻常，非常普遍〔尤用于不赞同某事时〕

Sexual explicitness is the order of the day.

the way that life and the world are organized and intended to be

自然而然的事，理所当然的事

People accepted the class system as part of the [natural order of things](bold).

人们把社会等级制度看成天经地义的事。

to move away from the enemy in war in an organized way

〔打仗时从战线上〕有序地撤退

(also: [on the order of sth](bold) ([AmE](bold)) )

a little more or a little less than a particular amount, especially a high amount

大约700万美元的一个数字

a society of monks or nunspeople who live a holy life according to religious rules

an organization or a society whose members meet for secret ceremonies

a group of people who have received a special official reward from a king, president etc for their services or achievements

获得勋位的一批人，勋爵士团

an official piece of paper that can be exchanged for money

→ [money order](->money order) → [postal order](->postal order)

people who belong to the lowest social class

a group of animals or plants that are considered together because they evolved from the same plant or animal

→ [class](->class) 1 sense 5 → [species](->species)

a list of jobs that a computer has to do in a particular order

〔计算机的〕任务排序，队列

used to ask people to stop talking in a meeting or parliament

安静！安静！〔用于会议或议会开会时〕


order

to tell someone that they must do something, using your official power or authority

He ordered his men to put down their weapons.

to say to someone that they must do something

The headmaster told me to wait outside his office.

to tell someone exactly what they must do

The doctor gave instructions that she should rest as much as possible.

used about a high-ranking person such as a general, captain, or king ordering someone to do something

The general commanded the troops to fall back.

They believe that the Lord has commanded them to do this.

to tell someone to do something, especially when you tell them exactly how it should be done

The architect was instructed to keep the plans simple.

She took three tablets every day, as instructed by her doctor.

to give someone an official or legal order to do something

The judge directed the jury to find her not guilty.

to officially order someone to appear in a court of law in order to answer questions

Another three of the president’s advisors were subpoenaed.

to ask for food or a drink in a restaurant, bar etc

〔在餐厅、酒吧等〕点，要〔食物或饮料〕

to ask for goods or services to be supplied

I’ve ordered a new computer from the supplier.

我向供应商订购了一台新的电脑。

我来给你预订一辆出租车。

to tell someone that they must do something, especially using your official power or authority

The court ordered his release from prison.

“待在那儿。”她命令道。

Tom was ordered to pay £300 as compensation.

汤姆被勒令支付300英镑作为赔偿。

Her doctor had ordered her to rest for a week.

她的医生嘱咐她休息一个星期。

The soldiers were ordered back to their units.

士兵接到命令要返回各自编队。

这张清单是按字母顺序排列的。


orderly

arranged or organized in a sensible or neat way

The tools were arranged in orderly rows.

She needs to organize her ideas in a more orderly way.

她需要把自己的想法组织得更有条理些。

The elections were conducted [in an orderly fashion](bold).

They waited in a dignified and orderly manner outside the church.

他们庄重而有序地在教堂外面等候。


orderly

someone who does unskilled jobs in a hospital

〔医院里从事简单工作的〕护理员，勤杂人员


ordinary

average, common, or usual, not different or special

The book is about [ordinary people](bold).

Art should be part of [ordinary life](bold).

艺术应该是日常生活的一部分。

It is good because it is written in friendly, ordinary language.

它很不错，因为它是用平易近人的日常语言写的。

out of the ordinary (=unusual or unexpected)

Anything out of the ordinary made her nervous.

任何稍不寻常的事都会使她感到惶恐不安。

[in the ordinary way](bold) BrE(=as normal)

The money is taxed as income in the ordinary way.

这笔钱作为收入按正常方式扣税。

[sb/sth is no ordinary ...](bold)(=used to say someone or something is very special)

鲁伊斯可不是一般的囚犯。

I thought the paintings were pretty ordinary.


organ

She died after suffering serious damage to internal organs.

(=the most important organs for life, for example the heart and brain)

Luckily, the bullet passed through his body without hitting vital organs.

(=the eyes, ears, nose, mouth, and skin, used to give us information about the world around us)

Our minds function through the brain, nervous system, and sense organs.

As with the other sensory organs, taste is highly developed in babies at birth.

(=the stomach, intestines etc, used to digest food)

(=an organ from one person's body that is put or can be put into another person's body)

There is a chronic shortage of donor organs.

(=an operation to put an organ from one person’s body into another person’s body)

Up to 5,000 people are waiting for an organ transplant.

(=someone who gives an organ for an organ transplant)

Not all patients who die are suitable as organ donors.

a part of the body, such as the heart or lungs, that has a particular purpose

the liver, heart, and other [internal organs](bold)

肝脏、心脏及其他内脏器官

loss of blood flow to his [vital organs](bold)

Extra doses of the hormone caused the animals’ [reproductive organs](bold) to develop sooner than usual.

额外使用激素使得这些动物的生殖器官比正常情况下发育得更快。

In Arizona, 480 people are waiting for [organ transplants](bold).

亚利桑那州有480人在等待器官移植。

dying people who have agreed to be [organ donors](bold)

愿意捐献器官的垂死的病人

a penis – used because you want to avoid saying this directly

a large musical instrument used especially in churches, with keys like a piano and large pipes that air passes through to produce the sound

〔尤用于教堂内的〕管风琴

an electronic musical instrument that produces music similar to a pipe organ, but that does not have pipes

an organization that is part of, or works for, a larger organization or group

a newspaper or magazine which gives information, news etc for an organization or group

the [official organ](bold) of the Communist Party


organic

[organically](bold) /-kli/  adv. eg: organically produced cheese eg: A writer’s style must develop organically.

Our restaurant uses only fresh organic vegetables.

Many people think that organic food is better for health.

(=farming without using artificial chemicals)

the environmental benefits of organic farming

Organic farmers build up soil fertility by crop rotation.

Synthetic fertilisers are banned on organic farms.

The store stocks a wide range of organic produce.

(=buy only organic food, or use only organic methods to farm)

Not all families can afford to go organic.

More farms are becoming organic, but it is not always an easy choice.

(=containing only food that is produced using organic methods)

All the ingredients are totally organic.

relating to farming or gardening methods of growing food without using artificial chemicals, or produced or grown by these methods

不使用化肥的，有机的，绿色的

[Organic farming](bold) is better for the environment.

change or development which is organic happens in a natural way, without anyone planning it or forcing it to happen

The company’s path to success was by means of organic growth.

这家公司是通过逐步发展壮大走上成功之路的。

living, or produced by or from living things

Adding [organic matter](bold) such as manure can improve the soil.

施粪肥之类的有机物能够改良土壤。

细菌对有机废物产生作用。

an organic system or relationship is one in which the parts or people fit well and in a comfortable way with each other

an [organic relationship](bold) between the individual and his community

个体和他所在社区之间不可分割的关系

They believe in the [organic unity](bold) of the universe.

他们相信宇宙是一个有机的整体。


organism

an animal, plant, human, or any other living thing

All [living organisms](bold) have to adapt to changes in environmental conditions.

一切生物都要适应环境条件的变化。

Genes operate together in determining the characteristics of an [individual organism](bold).

基因的共同作用决定生物个体的特性。

a system made up of parts that are dependent on each other

从本质上来说，社会是一个有机的整体。


organization

ˌɔːɡənaɪˈzeɪʃən

[organizational](bold) adj. eg: organizational skills

a group of people, companies, or countries, which is set up for a particular purpose

Greenpeace is an international organization that protects the environment.

a large important organization such as a bank, church, or university

The University is an important academic institution.

an organization for people in a particular profession, sport, or activity, which officially represents its members – often used in names

I met a representative of the National Association of Teachers.

an organization of people with the same political aims which you can vote for in elections

He voted for the Republican Party’s candidate.

an important group of people who make the rules and advise people about what should be allowed

The government has set up an advisory body.

an organization for people who share an interest, for example a sport

an organization formed by workers in order to protect their rights

The union ordered its members out on strike.

an organization which collects money to help people who are poor, sick etc and does not make any profit for itself

She has raised a lot of money for local charities.

an organization set up by the government, which has official power but whose members have not been elected

the amount of money that is wasted on government quangos

a group such as a club or business that has formed for a particular purpose

The public expect high standards from any large organization.

公众对任何大型机构都期望很高。

a voluntary organization which helps disabled people with their transport needs

帮助残疾人士满足其交通需求的一个志愿组织

[international organizations](bold) such as the UN

诸如联合国之类的国际组织

planning and arranging something so that it is successful or effective

Putting on a show of this kind involves considerable organisation.

举行这样的演出需要做大量的组织工作。

The college has helped Anne with the organization of the event.

学院帮助安妮进行这次活动的筹备工作。

the way in which the different parts of a system are arranged and work together

There needs to be a change in the organization of the health service.


organize

to make the necessary arrangements so that an activity can happen effectively

组织，筹划，安排〔活动〕

The course was organized by a training company.

这一课程是由一家培训公司组织的。

Students need to learn how to organize their work.

学生要学会如何安排好自己的学习。

to manage a group of people who are doing something

组织，安排〔人员做某事〕

The lawyer helped to organize a group of parents who took action for their children.

这位律师帮助把一群为孩子而采取行动的家长组织起来。

The scientists need to organize themselves and work as a team.

这些科学家要组织起来，作为一个团队来工作。

to arrange something so that it is more ordered or happens in a more sensible way

He doesn’t need you to organize his life for him.

他不需要你来安排他的生活。

Organize yourself to arrive at places on time.

你要安排好时间，准时到达预定地点。

to arrange things in a particular order or pattern

We are learning about how genes are organized.

我们在了解基因是如何排列的。

to form a trade union or persuade people to join one

The law gives workers the right to organize and bargain collectively.

法律赋予工人组织工会和集体谈判的权利。


organized

involving people working together in an effective and well-planned way

有序的，有组织[条理]的

Organized groups of citizens are more successful at changing the government’s mind.

Organized networks of thieves are stealing cattle.

有组织的盗窃网络在偷牛。

[organized religion](bold)(=a religion that has lasted for a long time with leaders and many followers)

arranged or ordered well, badly, carefully etc

组织良好的/很糟的/周密的等

I want to work with a well-organized team.

我想和有良好组织性的团队一起工作。

a [highly organized](bold)(=well-organized) social system

achieving your aims in a way that is effective, ordered, and sensible

〔思路〕清晰的，有条理的

It will take me a few days to [get organized](bold).

我要花几天时间来理清思路。


orient

to give a lot of attention to one type of activity or one type of person

针对某事/某人，围绕某事/某人，以某事/某人为重点

a course that is oriented towards the needs of businessmen

针对商业人士需求的一门课程

A lot of the training is orientated around communications skills.

培训的许多内容以沟通技巧为重点。

The organization is strongly oriented towards research.

该机构非常注重研究工作。

to find exactly where you are by looking around you or using a map

She looked at the street names, trying to orient herself.

她看看街名，试图确定自己的方位。

It takes new students a while to orientate themselves to college life.

新生要经过一段时间才能适应大学生活。


orient

[the East](bold) at → [east](->east) 1 → [Occident](->Occident)

the eastern part of the world, especially China and Japan

东方（世界）〔尤指中国和日本〕


orientation

ˌɔːriənˈteɪʃən, ˌɒri-

the type of activity or subject that a person or organization seems most interested in and gives most attention to

The company needs to develop a stronger orientation towards marketing its products.

公司需要针对其产品的营销设定一个更为明确的目标。

How can we get students to adopt a serious orientation to learning?

我们怎样才能让学生对学习采取认真的态度呢？

He was unhappy with the commercial orientation of the organization.

他对该组织的商业目的很不满意。

the political opinions or religious beliefs that someone has

〔政治、宗教方面的〕观点，取向，倾向

The meeting is open to everyone, whatever their political or religious orientation.

这个会议人人都可以参加，不论其政治或宗教倾向如何。

The party has a broadly socialist orientation.

该政党大体上倾向于社会主义。

the fact that someone is heterosexual or homosexual

性取向〔指某人是异性恋还是同性恋〕

Discrimination on the grounds of sexual orientation is still far too widespread.

以性取向为理由的歧视仍然太普遍了。

a period of time during which people are trained and prepared for a new job or course of study

〔新工作或学习课程开始前一段时间的〕培训，训练；迎新

This is orientation week for all the new students.

这是让全体新生熟悉情况的迎新周。

the angle or position of an object, or the direction in which it is facing


origin

the place or situation in which something begins to exist

the origins of the conflict in the Middle East

the thing, place etc that you get something from

They get their money from various sources.

the [root ](bold)of a problem is the main cause. The [roots](bold) of something are the things that it was originally based on

Allergies are at the root of a lot of health problems.

At the root of the crisis was a shortage of hard cash.

They want a return to the roots of Christianity.

Reggae has its roots in a range of different musical styles.

the place where something first started to exist

the place where something important first started – used mainly in the following phrases

Ancient Athens is considered to be the cradle of democracy.

an idea, suggestion etc from which a discussion, process, or project can develop

His paper provided an excellent starting point for discussion.

to have developed from something that existed before

The word origami comes from the Japanese ori (folding) and kami (paper).

Where did the idea for the book come from?

The film is based on a traditional Chinese story.

She later wrote a book based on her experiences in Africa.

to come from a particular place, group, or situation, especially one that existed a long time ago. [Originate](bold) is more formal than [come from](bold)

The jewellery probably originates from Egypt.

Genes also tell us that native Americans originated from a small group of migrants who crossed the Bering land bridge from Siberia.

Christmas pudding is thought to have originated from a type of medieval porridge, which was made of meat, dried fruit, nuts, sugar and spices.

Our system of government is founded on the principle of democracy.

to come from something, especially by means of a long or complicated process – often used about words coming from another language

Much of the English language is derived from Latin.

to develop from something that existed long ago

Halloween has its origins in an ancient Celtic festival.

Modern country and Western music has its roots in the folk songs of the rural south.

to come from a particular past time or event or from something that existed a long time ago

Our friendship goes back to our freshman year in college.

The college goes back to the Middle Ages.

(=a place or situation in which different things all started to exist)

It may be that all life on Earth has a common origin.

(=having started to exist only a short time ago)

This particular theory is of very recent origin.

(=used to say that no one knows where, when, or how something started)

The fire was still being treated as of doubtful origin.

sth’s historical/geographical/political etc origins

This type of story has its historical origins in eighteenth century gothic novels.

The ceremony has its origins in medieval times.

(=used to say that something can find evidence that it began to exist at a particular time or in a particular place)

The Roman Catholic Church traces its origins back to the 4th century.

(=find where, when etc something began to exist)

It’s difficult to trace the origin of some words.

(=used to explain how something began to exist)

a government which owes its origins to revolution

(=something comes from a particular place or or develops from a particular situation)

a grape whose origins lie in northern Italy

The technique’s origins lie in the popular arts of the time.

(=used to say when or how something began)

The school’s origins go back to the 12th century.

(=try to find out where, when etc something began to exist)

researchers investigating the origin of AIDS

(=the country or place where something is made or produced)

The rugs are somewhat cheaper in their country of origin.

(also: [origins](bold) <[plural](bold)> )

→see THESAURUS at [beginning](->beginning)

a new theory to explain the origins of the universe

解释宇宙起源的一种新理论

The tradition [has](bold) its [origins in](bold) the Middle Ages.

old folk tales [of unknown origin](bold)

[country/place of origin](bold)(=where something came from)

All meat should be clearly labelled with its country of origin.

所有肉类都要清楚地标出原产国。

the country, race, or type of family which someone comes from

[of French/German/Asian etc origin](bold)

Two thirds of the pupils are of Asian origin.

这些小学生中有三分之二是亚裔。

The form asks for information about the person’s [ethnic origin](bold).

这张表格要求填写本人所属族裔的信息。

Immigrants rarely return to their [country of origin](bold).

移民很少有人会返回出生国。

She never forgot her [humble origins](bold).

她从未忘记自己的卑微出身。


original

əˈrɪdʒɪnəl, -dʒənəl

əˈrɪdʒɪnəl, -dʒənəl

existing or happening first, before other people or things

The land was returned to its original owner.

The kitchen still has many [original features](bold)(=parts that were there when the house was first built).

这间厨房仍保留着当初的许多特点。

The original plan was to fly out to New York.

completely new and different from anything that anyone has thought of before

新颖的，独特的；与众不同的，独创的

I don’t think George is capable of having [original ideas](bold)!

我认为乔治不会有别出心裁的主意！

an original work of art is the one that was made by the artist and is not a copy

The original painting is now in the National Gallery in London.

原作现藏于伦敦的国家美术馆。


original

a work of art or a document that is not a copy, but is the one produced by the writer or artist

〔艺术作品或文件的〕原作，原稿，原件

The colours are much more striking in the original.

I’ll keep a copy of the contract, and give you the original.

我将留一份合同副本，把原件给你。

in the language that a book, play etc was first written in, before it was translated

someone whose behaviour, clothing etc is unusual and amusing

〔举止、服装等〕怪异滑稽的人，独特有趣的人


originally

in the beginning, before other things happened or before things changed

The building was originally used as a prison.

We originally intended to stay for just a few days.

我们原先打算只逗留几天。

Originally, we had planned a tour of Scotland but we didn’t go in the end.

起先我们计划到苏格兰旅游，但最后没有成行。


originate

to come from a particular place or start in a particular situation

这个计划最早是怎么想到的？

A lot of our medicines originate from tropical plants.

我们的许多药物源自热带植物。

Many Christmas traditions originated in Germany.

圣诞节的许多传统起源于德国。

The idea originated with the ancient Greek philosophers.

这种观念起源于古希腊哲学家。

The town originated as a small fishing port.

这个城市最初是一个小渔港。

to have the idea for something and start it

The technique was originated by an Italian artist.

这种技艺由一位意大利艺术家首创。


ornament

a small object that you keep in your house because it is beautiful rather than useful

装饰品，点缀物，饰物，摆设

a shelf covered with books and ornaments

The building style is plain, with very little ornament.

该建筑风格朴素，极少使用装饰。

The coins were only ever used for ornament, not as currency.

这些硬币从来只用于装饰，而不作为货币使用。


orphan

The war has left thousands of children as orphans.

这场战争使成千上万的孩子成为孤儿。


orphan

She was orphaned when her parents died in a plane crash.

父母死于空难后，她便成了孤儿。


orthodox

orthodox ideas, methods, or behaviour are accepted by most people to be correct and right

〔观念、方法或行为〕传统的，正统的

He challenged the orthodox views on education.

他对传统的教育观念提出了质疑。

someone who is orthodox has the opinions and beliefs that are generally accepted as being right, and does not have new or different ideas

Orthodox economists believe that a recession is now inevitable.

正统的经济学家认为经济衰退现在是无法避免了。

believing in all the traditional beliefs, laws, and practices of a religion

→see THESAURUS at [religious](->religious)


other

→ [another](->another) → [each other](->each other) [every other](bold) at → [every](->every) sense 5 [on the one hand ... on the other hand](bold) at → [hand](->hand) 1 sense 5

You use [other](bold)  before a plural noun: children from other countries
Don’t say: [others countries](strike)

[Others](bold)  is a plural pronoun meaning ‘other people or things’: We try to help others.

[Another](bold)  is written as one word: There must be another way of doing it.
Don’t write: [an other](strike)

used to refer to the second of two people or things, which is not the one you already have or the one you have already mentioned

One man was arrested, but [the other one](bold) got away.

一个人被捕，但另一个逃脱了。

He kept shifting awkwardly from one foot to the other.

他一直笨拙地来回倒换双脚。

She took it for granted that each knew who the other was.

她想当然地认为这两人互相认识。

used to refer to all the people or things in a group apart from the one you have already mentioned or the one that is already known about

She’s much brighter than all the other children in her class.

她比班上所有其他孩子都要聪明得多。

I chose this coat in the end because [the other ones](bold) were all too expensive.

最后我选择了这件外套，因为其他的都太贵了。

I can see Julie, but where have all the others gone?

我看到朱莉了，可是其他人都去哪儿了？

used to refer to additional people or things of the same kind

There are one or two other problems I’d like to discuss.

还有一两个别的问题我想讨论一下。

I’ve got some other friends I’d like to invite.

我还想邀请一些其他的朋友。

among others (=used when mentioning one or more examples)

The guests included, among others, Elizabeth Taylor and Michael Jackson.

嘉宾包括伊丽莎白•泰勒和迈克尔•杰克逊。

used to refer to a different person or thing from the one you have already mentioned or the one that is already known about

David and Jessica were playing with two other children.

戴维和杰茜卡在和另外两个小孩一起玩。

You’d better change into some other clothes.

Do you envy other women who seem to manage their lives better?

你羡慕其他看似能更好地安排自己生活的女人吗？

Can we discuss this [some other](bold) time?

我们能否换个时间讨论这个问题？

There is [no other](bold) job I would rather do.

没有别的工作是我想干的。

Saudi Arabia produces more oil than [any other](bold) country.

I hope you will learn to show more respect for others (=other people).

我希望你能学会更加尊重别人。

Some people are at greater risk than others.

一些人的风险比另一些人更大。

used to refer to the thing that is opposite you, furthest from you, or moving away from you

[the other side/end/direction etc](bold)

You can park on the other side of the street.

The truth was known to no one other than herself.

除了她自己之外，没有人知道真相。

He doesn’t eat pork, but other than that he’ll eat just about anything.

他不吃猪肉，但除此之外他几乎什么都吃。

used to emphasize that the person involved in something is famous, impressive, or surprising

Johnson’s defence lawyer was none other than Joe Beltrami.

约翰逊的辩护律师不是别人，正是乔•贝尔特拉米。

the opposite of what you have just mentioned

I always thought that rugby was a rougher game than football, but in fact it’s the other way round.

我一直以为英式橄榄球比美式橄榄球粗野，但事实正好相反。

Students practise translating from French to English and the other way around.

学生们练习法语和英语互译。

used to say that something happened recently, without saying exactly when

那天/那天早上/那个星期等〔表示发生在最近的某个时候，但不说明具体是什么时候〕

something/someone/somewhere etc or other

used when you are not being specific about which thing, person, place etc you mean

某事物/某人/某个地方等

我们会有办法弄到这笔钱的。

used when you are expressing an idea or opinion again in a different and usually simpler way

The tax only affects people on incomes of over $200,000 – in other words, the very rich.

这项税只影响收入在20万美元以上的人，也就是说，非常有钱的人。

So he is a fraud, a common thief in other words.

所以他是个骗子，也就是说，是个惯偷。

used to refer to a woman with whom a man is having a sexual relationship, even though he already has a wife or partner

〔和已婚或有女友的男人发生性关系的〕那个女人，第三者

He left his wife and child and moved in with the other woman.

他离开妻儿，搬去和那个女人住了。


otherwise

used when saying what bad thing will happen if something is not done

否则，要不然〔指如果不做某事，就会发生不好的事〕

You’ll have to go now, otherwise you’ll miss your bus.

你现在就得走，要不然就赶不上公共汽车了。

Put your coat on, otherwise you’ll get cold.

穿上外套，不然你会着凉的。

used when saying what would have happened or might have happened if something else had not happened

否则，要不然〔指如果某事没有发生，就会发生另一事〕

We were delayed at the airport. Otherwise we would have been here by lunch time.

我们在机场耽搁了，否则午饭前就可以到这里了。

They got two free tickets to Canada, otherwise they’d never have been able to afford to go.

他们得到两张去加拿大的免费机票，不然的话他们根本没有钱去。

to say, think, or decide something different

并非如此说/认为/决定等

The government claims that the economy is improving, but this survey suggests otherwise.

政府宣称经济状况在好转，但这份调查显示情况并非如此。

He was tired but otherwise in good health.

I could hear the distant noise of traffic. Otherwise all was still.

我能听见远处车流的声音，除此之外，一切都很安静。

This spoiled an otherwise excellent piece of work.

这就把本来很出色的一件作品毁掉了。

Their arrival livened up an otherwise dull afternoon.

他们的到来使原本沉闷的午后活跃起来了。

used to refer to the opposite of what has just been mentioned

We welcome any comments from viewers, favourable or otherwise.

我们对观众的任何意见，或褒或贬，都表示欢迎。

The truth or otherwise of this diagnosis would be revealed in the future.

这一诊断是否正确将来总会明了。

I’m afraid I will be otherwise engaged that day.

恐怕那天我要忙别的事情。

Albert DeSalvo, otherwise known as the Boston Strangler

people who smoke or otherwise abuse their bodies

吸烟或以其他方式糟蹋自己身体的人

it cannot be otherwise/how can it be otherwise?

used to say that it is impossible for something to be different from the way it is

不可能是别的/怎么可能会是别的？

Life in the military is hard – how can it be otherwise?

军队生活是艰苦的，怎么可能不艰苦呢？


ought to

You say that someone [ought to do](bold)  something: You ought to explain.

You say that someone [ought to have done](bold)  something: You ought to have explained (=but you did not).

You say that someone [ought not to do](bold)  something: She ought not to go.

You say that someone [ought not to have done](bold)  something: She ought not to have gone (=but she did go).

You can also use [oughtn’t](bold) : She oughtn’t to go. She oughtn’t to have gone.

You ask [ought](bold)  someone [to do](bold)  something: Ought we to tell them?

You ask [ought](bold)  someone [to have done](bold)  something: Ought we to have told them?

used to say that someone should do something because it is the best or most sensible thing to do

The company ought to be making changes in its marketing strategy.

公司应该在营销策略上作出改变了。

What sort of crimes ought the police to concentrate on?

警方应当集中打击哪一类罪案？

You were out enjoying yourself when you ought to have been studying.

应该学习的时候你却在外面玩。

used to make a suggestion about something you think is a good idea, especially in a social situation

应该〔用于提出建议，尤在社交场合〕

We ought to get together some time soon.

You ought to meet him; he’s really nice.

你应该见见他，他真的不错。

We ought to get her some flowers for her birthday.

我们应当送她些花祝贺她的生日。

我应该给布赖恩打个电话。

used to say that someone should do something or something should happen, because it is morally right or fair

应该，应当〔做符合道德规范或公平的事〕

The courts ought to treat black and white defendants in exactly the same way.

法庭应当对黑人和白人被告一视同仁。

Many people felt that America ought not to take part in the war.

许多人认为美国不应该加入这场战争。

used to say that you think something will probably happen, is probably true etc

应该〔表示某事可能会发生、可能属实等〕

He left two hours ago, so he ought to be there by now.

他是两小时前离开的，所以现在应该到那里了。

They ought to win – they’ve trained hard enough.

他们应该能赢，他们训练得够刻苦的。

That ought to be enough potatoes for eight people.

那些土豆应该够八个人吃了。

New technology ought to make this easier.

新技术应当能使这事变得容易些。


ounce

[n](bold) <[C](bold)> written abbreviation: oz

a unit for measuring weight, equal to 28.35 grams. There are 16 ounces in a pound.

盎司〔等于28.35克，1磅为16盎司〕

一点头脑/真实性/体面等

If you had an ounce of sense you wouldn’t believe him!

你要是有一点头脑就不会相信他！

every (last) ounce of courage/energy/strength etc

all the courage, energy etc that you have

(最后剩下的)全部勇气/精力/力量等

Every ounce of attention was focused on our common goal.

我们把全部的精力集中于共同的目标上。

an ounce of prevention (is worth a pound of cure)

used to say that it is better to prevent a problem before it happens than to try to solve it after it has happened

if there is not an ounce of fat on someone, they are thin and usually look healthy

(某人身上)没有多余的肉，(某人)瘦得很健康


our

[determiner](bold) <[possessive form of ‘we’](bold)>

We must preserve our natural environment.

我们必须保护我们的自然环境。

We must each take responsibility for [our own](bold) actions.

我们每个人都必须对自己的行为负责。

used to show that the person mentioned is your child, brother, or sister – used in northern England

我们的，我家的〔英格兰北部使用〕

Our Sharon did really well in her exams.

我家莎伦考试考得非常好。


ours

[pron](bold) <[possessive form of ‘we’](bold)>

used to refer to something that belongs to or is connected with us

I’ll show you to your room. Ours is next door.

我带你去你的房间，我们的房间在你的隔壁。

The main difference between our brains and those of monkeys is that ours are bigger.

我们的大脑和猴子的大脑之间的主要差别在于我们的要大些。

The Thackers are [friends of ours](bold).


ourselves

used by the person speaking to show that they and one or more other people are affected by their own action

We prepared ourselves for the long journey ahead.

我们为将要开始的长途旅行做好了准备。

It was strange seeing ourselves on television.

在电视上看到自己感觉很奇怪。

我们自己，我们亲自〔用于强调we或us〕

As parents ourselves, we understand the problem.

身为家长，我们理解这个问题。

used after ‘as’, ‘like’, or ‘except’ instead of ‘us’

More help is needed for people like ourselves.

像我们这样的人需要更多的帮助。

We weren’t supposed to play by ourselves near the pond.

我们不可以独自在池塘边玩耍。

I knew that Tim and I wouldn’t be able to do the whole job by ourselves.

我知道单靠蒂姆和我是无法完成全部工作的。

without having to share something with any other people


out

[out of your mind](bold) at → [mind](->mind) 1 sense 24 [out of the blue](bold) at → [blue](->blue) 2 sense 4 [out of luck](bold) at → [luck](->luck) 1 sense 10 [out of this world](bold) at → [world](->world) 1 sense 15 [be out of the question](bold) at → [question](->question) 1 sense 9 [out front](bold) at → [front](->front) 1 sense 8 [out back](bold) at → [back](->back) 2 sense 2 [out of sorts](bold) at → [sort](->sort) 1 sense 10

from inside an object, container, building, or place

〔从里面〕往外，向外，出来

She opened her suitcase and took out a pair of shoes.

她打开手提箱，拿出一双鞋。

Charlotte went to the window and looked out.

Out you go(=used to order someone to leave a room)!

The keys must have fallen out of my pocket.

钥匙一定是从我口袋里掉出去的。

Someone had torn several pages out of her diary.

有人从她的日记本上撕去了几页。

I don’t think I’d have the courage to jump out of a plane.

我想我是没有勇气从飞机里往外跳的。

All the roads out of the city were snowbound.

出城的所有道路都被大雪封住了。

The egg cracked open and out came a baby chick.

蛋壳裂开了，出来一只小鸡。

→see THESAURUS at [outside](->outside) 1

Many of the homeless have been sleeping out for years.

许多无家可归者常年露宿街头。

away from your home, office etc, especially for a short time

我不在时有人来过电话吗？

to or in a place that is not your home, in order to enjoy yourself

Let’s eat out tonight (=eat in a restaurant).

起先他很害羞，不敢约她出去。

[be/get out and about](bold)(=go to places where you can meet people)

Most teenagers would rather be out and about with their friends.

大多数青少年都宁愿和朋友们出去玩。

in or to a place that is far away or difficult to get to

在[到]很远的地方去；在[去]很难到达的地方

They’ve rented a farmhouse [right out](bold) in the country.

他们在偏僻的乡下租了一间农舍。

The Astra Satellite is travelling some 23,000 miles out in space.

阿斯特拉卫星在2.3万英里以外的太空中运行。

a little village about five miles out of Birmingham

离伯明翰大约五英里远的一座小村庄

used to say that something is given to many people

The examination will start when all the question papers have been handed out.

试卷全发完后考试就开始。

used to say that someone gets rid of something or makes it disappear

你把昨天的报纸丢掉了吗？

Mother used washing soda to get the stains out.

a fire or light that is out is no longer burning or shining

The firefighters arrived, and within minutes the fire was out.

消防员赶到，几分钟后火就被扑灭了。

if the sun, moon, or stars are out, they have appeared in the sky

〔太阳、月亮或星星〕出来

When the sun came out, a rainbow formed in the sky.

太阳出来时，天空中出现了一道彩虹。

if the flowers on a plant are out, they have opened

It’s still February and already the primroses are out.

才2月份，报春花就已经开放了。

used to say that something is done carefully or completely

I spent all morning cleaning out the kitchen cupboards.

我花了一个早上清理厨房里的橱柜。

In the summer months the soil dries out quickly.

夏天的时候土壤干得很快。

not included in a team, group, competition etc

The Welsh team was surprisingly knocked out in the semi-finals.

威尔士队出人意料地在半决赛中被淘汰。

Daniels will be out of the team until he recovers from his injury.

丹尼尔斯要到养好伤以后才能归队。

used to say where something comes from or is taken from

A lot of good music came out of the hippy culture in the 1960s.

许多优秀音乐来源于20世纪60年代的嬉皮士文化。

The money is automatically taken out of your bank account every month.

这钱每月自动从你的银行账户里转出。

away from the main part or edge of something

一座长长的半岛伸入海中。

She stuck her head out of the window to see what was happening.

她把头探出窗外看看发生了什么事。

if a machine, piece of equipment etc is out, it is not working

〔机器、设备等〕出了毛病的，发生故障的

I don’t believe it – the elevator’s out again!

我简直无法相信，电梯又坏了！

[be out of order](bold) at → [order](->order) 1 sense 8

used to say that a product is available to be bought

新一部《哈利•波特》出版了吗？

Sony have brought out a new portable music system.

索尼公司推出了一款新式的便携式音响系统。

no longer in a particular state or situation

She’s not completely cured, but at least she’s out of danger.

她尚未痊愈，但至少已经脱离了危险。

This whole situation is getting out of control.

Karen waved until the car was [out of sight](bold)(=too far away to be seen).

卡伦挥着手，直到汽车再也看不见了。

having left the institution where you were

一个刚刚大学毕业的年轻人

Once he was out, he returned to a life of crime.

他一出狱就再次走上了犯罪道路。

You can’t wear that – maxi skirts have been out for years.

你不能穿那个，长裙早就过时了。

The word’s out that Mel Gibson is in town.

有消息透露说梅尔•吉布森在城里。

to say something in a voice that is loud enough for others to hear

(大声)念出/叫出等某物

We all listened as he read the statement out loud.

他大声宣读声明的时候我们都听着。

She fainted – she was out for about ten minutes.

她晕倒了，昏迷了大约十分钟。

How hard did you hit him? He’s [out cold](bold).

你把他打得有多重？他完全昏迷了。

used to say that there is none of something left because you have used it all, sold it all etc

这张专辑没几分钟就卖完了。

Don’t cry, I’ll be back before the week’s out.

别哭，我不出一周就回来了。

if a measurement, result etc is out, it is wrong because the numbers have not been calculated correctly

He was out in his calculations, so there was a lot of carpet left over.

他算错了，所以地毯还剩下很多。

[not far off/out/wrong](bold) at → [far](->far) 1 sense 2

试图得到某物/力图做某事

安德鲁很想痛快地玩一玩。

used to say that someone, especially a political party, no longer has power or authority

该是我们把共和党选下台的时候了。

The party has been out of office for a long time.

used to say that someone has stopped working as a way of protesting about something

The railway workers have come out in sympathy with the miners.

铁路工人也起来罢工支持矿工。

if a homosexual is out, they have told people that they are homosexual

出柜〔指公开承认自己是同性恋者〕

if a particular suggestion or activity is out, it is not possible

〔建议或活动〕不可能，不行

We don’t have enough money to rent a car, so that’s out.

我们没有足够的钱租车，所以那样不行。

when the tide is out, the sea by the shore is at its lowest level

〔潮汐〕在最低水位；落[退]潮

You can walk across the sands when the tide is out.

退潮后你可以从沙滩上走过去。

a player or team that is out in a game such as cricket  or baseball is no longer allowed to bat

〔板球、棒球等比赛中选手或球队〕出局

萨塞克斯队得了365分后全部出局。

a ball that is out in a game such as tennis or basketball  is not in the area of play

〔网球、篮球等运动的球〕出界

used to tell someone to say something which they have been unwilling to say or have difficulty saying

说出来！〔要某人说出难以启齿的事〕

好啦，说呀！到底出了什么事？

because of a particular feeling that you have

They obeyed him out of fear rather than respect.

他们服从他是出于畏惧而不是尊敬。

Just out of curiosity, why did you take that job?

只是因为好奇问一问，你为什么接受那份工作？

used to say what substance or materials a particular thing is made of

用黑色大理石雕刻成的墓碑

used to say how common something is, or how large a part of a group you are talking about

[nine out of ten/three out of four etc](bold)

Nine out of ten students pass the test first time.

这门考试十个学生中有九个第一次就通过了。

Apparently they’ve lost three games out of seven already.

据说他们七场比赛已经输了三场。

slightly unhappy because you feel different from the rest of a group of people and cannot share their fun, conversation etc

〔因为和周围的人格格不入而觉得〕不自在，不是滋味

I felt a bit out of it because I was the only one who couldn’t speak French.

我感到有点不自在，因为我是唯一不会说法语的人。

unable to think clearly because you are tired or drunk, or have taken drugs

〔因疲惫、酒醉或吸毒而〕神志不清，昏昏沉沉

You were really out of it last night. What were you drinking?

你昨晚脑子很不清醒。你喝了什么？

in a place that could be anywhere except here

My real father is out there and one day I plan to find him.

我的生父就在某个地方，我打算哪天去找他。

where someone or something can be noticed by many people

在那里〔在大家都会注意到的地方〕

Jerry Lewis is out there all the time raising money for disabled kids.

杰里•刘易斯总是在那里为残疾孩子募捐。

an idea, work of art etc that is out there is so unusual that it might seem silly or extreme

〔想法、艺术作品等〕古怪的，出格的

He’s brilliant, but some of his ideas are really out there.

他很聪明，但有些想法真的很出格。

in front of something, especially a building, where everyone can see you

前面〔人人都能看到的地方，尤指大楼前面〕

As a civil rights leader, he was always out front.

作为一位民权领袖，他一直承担着领导责任。

Molly is very out front in talking about her mistakes.

莫莉讲到自己的错误时非常坦率。


out

[prep](bold) ([especially AmE](special)) [informal](special)

from the inside to the outside of something – many teachers of British English consider it incorrect to use ‘out’ as a preposition

从 …里面出去，离开 …〔许多英国英语教师认为把out作为介词使用是不正确的〕

Karen looked out the window at the back yard.

Get out the car and push with the rest of us!


out

to publicly say that someone is homosexual when that person would prefer to keep it secret

Several politicians have been outed in recent months.

最近几个月有好几名政客被曝光是同性恋。

[Out](bold)  is usually passive in this meaning.

to let the public know a fact about someone that they would prefer to keep secret

He was outed as a supporter of the far-right party.

他被揭发为极右党派的支持者。

used to say that it is difficult to hide a murder, the truth etc

谋杀案/真相等终将水落石出！


out

an excuse to avoid doing an activity or to avoid being blamed for something

I’m busy on Sunday, so that gives me an out.

星期天我很忙，这就给了我一个借口。

an act of making a player in baseball lose the chance to score a point

(与某人)不和的，(和某人)争吵的

Wilson is on the outs with his family because of his relationship with that woman.

威尔逊因为和那个女人的关系而与家人不和。


outbreak

[break out](bold) at → [break](->break) 1

if there is an outbreak of fighting or disease in an area, it suddenly starts to happen

〔战争〕爆发；〔疾病〕暴发


outburst

something you say suddenly that expresses a strong emotion, especially anger

〔感情的〕突然迸发〔尤指怒火〕

他后来为自己发脾气而道歉。

his father’s violent outbursts of temper


outcome

The final outcome of the investigation is still to be announced.

The ultimate outcome of this controversy remains in doubt.

What is the likely outcome of the election?

When you throw a die, there are six possible outcomes.

Hopes for a successful outcome to the war were fading.

Everyone is hoping for a positive outcome to the talks.

(=a good result, especially one that makes everyone happy)

Adopting a child does not automatically result in a happy outcome.

Our main aim is to achieve a satisfactory outcome for both parties.

The desired outcome of most services is a satisfied customer.

Considerable progress has been made towards a favourable outcome.

Discontinuing treatment too early may result in an unfavourable outcome.

(=what someone is supposed to learn from something)

It is important to set teaching objectives and learning outcomes.

(=what happens when a particular policy is used)

A number of factors affect policy outcomes.

(=what happens whan a particular medical treatment is used)

Funding is provided to collect and analyze data on treatment outcomes.

(=how healthy someone is after using a particular treatment, system etc)

The meeting had a very satisfactory outcome.

Did coverage in the media affect the outcome of the trial?

(=be the thing that causes the final result)

This move ultimately decided the outcome of the conflict.

At the leadership elections today, it is their votes that will determine the outcome.

It is too early to predict the final outcome of the survey.

Medical science must await the outcome of proper international debate.

the final result of a meeting, discussion, war etc – used especially when no one knows what it will be until it actually happens

〔会议、讨论、战争等无法预知的〕结果，后果

It was impossible to predict the outcome of the election.

这次选举的结果无法预测。

People who had heard the evidence at the trial were surprised at the outcome.

在审判过程中听过证词的人都对此结果感到吃惊。

[Outcome](bold)  is slightly formal and is used mostly in writing. In everyday English, people are more likely to talk about [what happened](bold) :

It was impossible to predict [what would happen](bold) in the election.


outdoor

[Outdoor](bold)  is an adjective and [outdoors](bold)  is an adverb.

You say: an outdoor swimming pool
Don't say: [an outdoors swimming pool](strike)

You say: They could play outdoors.
Don't say: [They could play outdoor.](strike)

existing, happening, or used outside, not inside a building

(在)户外的；用于户外的

someone who enjoys camping, walking in the countryside etc


outdoors

It’s warm enough to eat outdoors tonight.

今晚很暖和，可以在户外用餐。

He wants a job that will let him work outdoors.

他想找一份可以在户外的工作。


outdoors

the countryside far away from buildings and cities

〔远离建筑物和城市的〕旷野，野外

a woman with a taste for adventure in the great outdoors

一名喜欢到野外探险的女子


outer

Remove the tough outer leaves before cooking.

烹煮之前先把外面的老叶子去掉。

relating to objects, activities etc that are part of the world, as opposed to your own thoughts and feelings

His inner conflict is related to struggles in the outer world.

他内心的矛盾和外部世界的争斗有关。


outfit

a set of clothes worn together, especially for a special occasion

〔尤指在特殊场合穿着的〕全套服装

她为了这次派对买了套新衣服。

a group of people who work together as a team or organization

〔一起工作的〕一群人，全班人马

My outfit was sent to Italy during the war.

我的一班队友在战争期间都被派往意大利。

a set of equipment that you need for a particular purpose or job

〔特定目的或工作所需的〕全套设备


outfit

[past tense and past participle](italic) [outfitted](bold) [present participle](italic) [outfitting](bold)

to provide someone or something with a set of clothes or equipment, especially ones that are needed for a particular purpose

为 …提供全套服装[设备]，配备，装备

a car outfitted with dual controls for driver training

驾驶员培训用的配有双重控制系统的汽车

Members outfit themselves in Civil War clothing.

成员身穿内战时期的服装。


outgoing

someone who is outgoing likes to meet and talk to new people

We’re looking for someone with an outgoing personality.

我们在找一个性格外向的人。

someone who will soon finish their time as president etc


outing

a short trip that a group of people take for pleasure

〔一群人的〕短途旅游，远足

They had [gone on an outing](bold) to the pool for Robert’s birthday.

他们去游泳池玩了，为罗伯特庆贺生日。

when someone publicly says that someone else is homosexual, when that person does not want anyone to know

〔在当事人不愿意别人知道的情况下〕公开指出某人是同性恋(的行为)


outlet

a way of expressing or getting rid of strong feelings

〔强烈情感的〕发泄途径[方法]

Is football a good outlet for men’s aggression?

足球是男人宣泄好斗情绪的有效途径吗？

a shop, company, or organization through which products are sold

Benetton has [retail outlets](bold) in every major European city.

贝纳通公司的零售店遍及欧洲各主要城市。

a shop that sells things for less than the usual price, especially things from a particular company or things of a particular type

廉价经销店，〔尤指销售某公司或某类型产品的〕折扣店

a place on a wall where you can connect electrical equipment to the supply of electricity

a pipe or hole through which something such as a liquid or gas can flow out

〔液体或气体的〕出口；排水口；通风口


outline

(=the main ideas or parts of something rather than all the details)

The report gives only a broad outline of the company's performance.

Each chapter begins with a brief outline of the topics covered in the chapter.

I remembered the basic outline of the story, but not how it ended.

(=one that has no details and that might change)

Thompson gave me a rough outline of what had happened at the previous meeting.

The paragraph gives readers only the bare outline of Milton's life.

The leaflet gives you an outline of the Party's main policies.

The first chapter provides an outline of the theory of evolution.

I could just make out a vague outline of a barn.

Through the spaces between the bars he saw the blurred outline of the oil derrick high in the sky.

Peeling off the tape after the paint has dried leaves a clear outline to the shapes.

First, I draw out the outline of the leaf onto paper, and start adding areas of colour.

(=draw the outline of something, usually with your finger or toe)

She traced the outline of his lips with her fingers.

Once I am happy with the outline sketch, I start painting.

the main ideas or facts about something, without the details

a broad outline of the committee’s plans

委员会计划的一个粗略纲要

A debt reduction scheme was agreed in outline (=people agreed on its main points).

债务削减计划大致已经商定。

a line around the edge of something which shows its shape

The outlines of animals were cut into the rock.

a plan for a piece of writing in which each new idea or fact is separately written down

Always write an outline for your essays.

写文章一定要先列个提纲。


outline

to describe something in a general way, giving the main points but not the details

The new president outlined plans to deal with crime, drugs, and education.

新总统概述了解决犯罪、毒品和教育问题的计划。

to show the edge of something, or draw around its edge, so that its shape is clear

画 …的轮廓，描 …的外形

用红色勾画出我们住宅轮廓的地图

[Outline](bold)  is usually passive in this meaning.


outlook

Despite her health problems, she has a positive outlook.

This pessimistic outlook on their lives leads to depression.

Education should give students a wider outlook on life.

I saw Helen last week and she seemed to have a fresh outlook on life.

(=how you feel about the things in your life)

Exercise can help improve your mental outlook.

The Puritans' religious outlook affected every aspect of their lives.

(=beliefs about what is right and wrong)

Their ethical and moral outlook concerning terrorism is the complete opposite of mine.

June's new job gave her a fresh outlook.

None of my arguments could change his outlook or behavior.

your general attitude to life and the world

〔对生活和世界的〕看法，观点，态度

He’s got a good [outlook on life](bold).

Exercise will improve your looks and your outlook.

运动将会改善你的外在形象和人生态度。

She still has an optimistic outlook for the future.

她对未来仍抱有乐观的态度。

what is expected to happen in the future

The outlook for the weekend is unsettled, with periods of heavy rain.

周末的天气情况不稳定，会有阵发性的大雨。

The outlook for sufferers from this disease is bleak.

这种疾病的患者痊愈的希望渺茫。

a gloomy economic outlook in Western Europe

〔从某处望见的〕景色，风光

a very pleasing outlook from the bedroom window

从卧室窗户看出去的宜人景色


out-of-date

if information is out-of-date, it is not recent and may no longer be correct

〔信息〕过时的，不再正确的

→see THESAURUS at [old-fashioned](->old-fashioned)

The information in the tourist guide is already out-of-date.

旅游指南上的资料已经过时。

if something is out-of-date, it is no longer considered useful or effective, because something more modern exists

Their manufacturing methods are hopelessly out-of-date.

他们的生产方法已经完全过时了。

an official document that is out-of-date cannot be used because the period of time for which it was effective has finished


output

the amount of goods or work produced by a person, machine, factory etc

产量比去年提高了30%。

the amount of electricity produced by a generator

〔发电机的〕输出量，输出功率


output

[past tense and past participle](italic) [output](bold) [present participle](italic) [outputting](bold)

if a computer outputs information, it produces it


outrage

The response to the jury’s verdict was one of outrage.

陪审团的裁决引发了愤慨。

environmentalists’ outrage at plans to develop the coastline

环境保护主义者对海岸地区开发计划的愤慨

an event that produces great anger and shock, especially because it is cruel or violent

令人震惊而愤慨的事件；〔尤指〕暴行


outrage

to make someone feel very angry and shocked

激起〔某人〕的愤慨；使〔某人〕震怒

Customers were outraged by the price increases.

价格上涨使顾客感到愤怒。


outrageous

very shocking and extremely unfair or offensive

骇人的；极不公正的；蛮横的

It’s outrageous that the poor should pay such high taxes.

要穷人缴纳如此高的税很过分。

extremely unusual and slightly amusing or shocking

极不寻常的，有点可笑[吓人]的


outright

对他的行为直截了当的抨击

someone who has definitely and easily won


outright

clearly and directly, without trying to hide your feelings or intentions

If she [asked](bold) me [outright](bold), I’d tell her.

如果她坦率地问我，那我会告诉她。

They [rejected](bold) the deal [outright](bold).

他们断然拒绝了这笔交易。

to own something such as a house completely because you have paid the full price with your own money

一次性付款买下/完全拥有某物

The passenger was [killed outright](bold).


outset

at or from the beginning of an event or process

It was clear from the outset that there were going to be problems.

从一开始就很清楚会有问题出现的。

It’s better to get something in writing right at the outset.

最好一开始就有个书面的东西。

A person with higher qualifications can get a better paid job at the outset of their career.

学历较高的人就业之初就能得到薪水较高的工作。


outside

not inside a building, but usually close to it

He was standing outside, smoking a cigarette.

outside – used mainly before the following prepositions or adverbs

Don’t stand out in the rain – come inside.

away from buildings and in the open air – used especially when talking about pleasant or healthy things you do outside

Kids should spend as much time out of doors as possible.

Leave the wood to dry slowly in the open air.

outside – used when talking about eating outside

When we got up, it was still dark outside.

我们起床时，外面天还没亮。

not inside a building or room but close to it

在外面〔指在建筑物、房间外面不远处〕

I’ll meet you outside the theatre at two o'clock.

我两点钟在剧院外面等你。

Several people were standing in the hallway outside of his room.

有几个人站在他房间外面的走廊上。

在〔建筑物或房间的〕外面

We went outside to see what was happening.

我们到外面去看看发生了什么事。

超出〔城市、国家等的〕界限

她经常离开英国出去旅行。

close to a place, city etc but not in it

在〔某地、某城市等的〕外围

我们在城外几英里的地方露营。

Bolton is a mill town [just outside](bold) Manchester.

博尔顿是一座磨坊之城，就在曼彻斯特边上。

Maritza, 19, lives in Everett, outside of Boston.

马里察，19岁，居住在波士顿城外的埃弗里特。

beyond the limits or range of a situation, activity etc

超出〔情况、活动等的〕界限，在 …范围之外

恐怕我没有这方面的经验。

if someone is outside a group of people, an organization etc, they do not belong to it

不属于〔某群体、组织等〕，在 …之外

Few people outside the government realized what was happening.

政府之外的人员很少有人知道发生了什么事。

The university administrators ignored criticism from outside.

大学行政人员对外界的批评置若罔闻。

Management consultants were brought in from outside the company.

从公司外面请来了管理顾问。

Outside of love, the best thing you can give a child is attention.

除了爱，你能给予孩子最好的东西就是关注。

I’m taking one big trip this summer, but outside of that I’ll be around.

今年夏天我要去长途旅行，但其他时候我都在这里。

if the time that someone takes to do something, especially finish a race, is outside a particular time, it is greater than that time

He finished in 10 minutes 22.4 seconds, 4 seconds outside the record.

他的成绩是10分22.4秒，比纪录慢了4秒钟。


outside

We turned off the outside lights and went to bed.

我们关掉外头的电灯，上床睡觉了。

The house will need a lot of outside repairs before we can sell it.

房子的外部需要好好修一修，之后我们才能把它卖出去。

involving people who do not belong to the same group or organization as you

〔组织或团体〕外面的，外部的

Outside observers said the election was free and fair.

外部观察员说此次选举自由而公正。

Consultants were brought in to provide some outside advice.

顾问被请来提供一些外部的建议。

The city is largely cut off from the outside world.

这座城市在很大程度上与外界隔绝了。

computers linked by modems to the outside world

通过调制解调器连通外部世界的电脑

interests, experiences etc that are not part of your work or studying

业余爱好/工作以外的经历等

Children should be encouraged to take up outside interests, such as music or sport.

应该鼓励儿童培养课堂以外的爱好，比如音乐或体育。

a very small possibility that something will happen

极小的可能性，不大可能的希望

Ireland still have an outside chance of winning.

爱尔兰队仍然有一线获胜的希望。

a telephone line or telephone call which is to or from someone who is not inside a particular building or organization

Dial ‘9’ before the number when making outside calls.

拨打外线请在号码前加拨“9”。

a number or amount that is the largest something could possibly be

the lane that is nearest the middle of the road


outside

the part or surface of something that is furthest from the centre

The outside of the house was painted white.

这房子的外墙刷成了白色。

the area around something such as a building, vehicle etc

〔建筑物、车辆等的〕周围，周边地带，外围

From the outside, it looked like any other big warehouse.

从外面看，它就跟别的大仓库一样。

someone who is on or from the outside is not involved in an activity or does not belong to a particular group, organization etc

局外(人)，外界(人士)

Influences from the outside can undermine the values you want to teach your children.

来自外界的影响会削弱你想要教给自己孩子的价值观。

To anyone on the outside, our marriage seemed perfect.

在外人看来，我们的婚姻似乎很完美。

used to describe the way someone appears to be or to behave

Ken was furious, but forced himself to appear calm on the outside.

肯十分愤怒，但表面上仍强装镇静。

Life on the outside was not as easy as he’d first thought.

出狱后的生活并非像他原来想的那样容易。

if a car passes another car on the outside, it passes on the driver’s side

used to say that a particular number or amount is the largest something could possibly be, and it might be less

It’s only a 20-minute walk, half an hour at the outside.

步行只要20分钟，最多半个小时。


outsider

someone who is not accepted as a member of a particular social group

〔不被某一社会团体接受的〕局外人，外人，非成员

I’m an outsider, the only foreign woman in the group.

我是个外人，是这群人里唯一的外国女人。

To an outsider, the system seems complex and confusing.

对局外人来说，这套体系似乎复杂而难懂。

someone who does not belong to a particular company or organization or who is not involved in a particular activity

〔公司或组织的〕外部人士，外来者

a political outsider who is running for governor

someone who does not seem to have much chance of winning a race or competition

〔比赛中〕赢面不大的人，不被看好的人

Last year he was a rank outsider for the title.

去年他争夺过该项冠军，却不被看好。


outskirts

the parts of a town or city that are furthest from the centre

远离城市中心的地区，市郊，郊区


outstanding

an [outstanding example](bold) of a 13th-century castle

尚未完成的；有待解决的；未付的

We’ve got quite a few debts still outstanding.

我们有许多债务尚未偿还。

The question of who is in charge is of outstanding importance.

由谁负责是一个非常重要的问题。


outward

relating to how a person or situation seems to be, rather than how it really is

The economy and [outward appearance](bold) of the area have changed considerably.

该地区的经济和面貌发生了很大的变化。

His clenched fist was the only [outward sign](bold) of his anger.

他那紧握的拳头是他内心愤怒的唯一外在表现。

a journey in which you are travelling away from home

directed towards the outside or away from a place


outwards

towards the outside or away from the centre of something

Stand with your elbows pointing outwards.


outweigh

to be more important or valuable than something else

比 …更重要；比 …更有价值

The benefits of the scheme outweigh the disadvantages.


oval

a shape like a circle, but wider in one direction than the other


oven

a piece of equipment that food is cooked inside, shaped like a metal box with a door on the front

把烤箱预热至200摄氏度。

Press the mixture onto the bread and bake in a hot oven for ten minutes.

把混合料抹在面包上，然后在烤箱内高温烘烤10分钟。

[have a bun in the oven](bold) at → [bun](->bun) sense 5


over

above or higher than something, without touching it

在 …上面[上方]〔但未碰触〕，在 …上空

She leaned over the desk to answer the phone.

The sign over the door said ‘Mind your head’.

门上方的警示牌写着“小心碰头”。

We watched a helicopter flying low over the harbour.

我们看着一架直升机在港口低空飞行。

在 …上面；盖在 …上面

尸体上盖着一层薄薄的白布单。

She wore a large jacket over her sweater.

她在毛衣外面穿了件宽大的夹克。

Mind you don’t spill coffee over my best tablecloth.

当心别把咖啡洒在我最好的桌布上。

from one side of something to the other side of it

从〔某物的〕一边到另一边

Somehow the sheep had jumped over the fence.

不知怎么，那只羊跳过了围栏。

The road over the mountains is steep and dangerous.

这条翻越山区的路陡峭而危险。

Their house has a magnificent view over the bay.

从他们家能看到海湾的壮美景致。

on the opposite side of something from where you already are

就在路对面有一个公共汽车站。

他们住在河对面的里士满区。

汽车从悬崖边上冲了下去。

in or to many parts of a particular place, organization, or thing

He used to wander over the moors, losing all track of time.

他过去常在旷野上漫步，完全忘记了时间。

They said they had cleaned up but there were bottles all over the place.

他们说已经清扫过了，但那里到处都是瓶子。

Scientists from all over the world gather here.

来自世界各地的科学家聚集在这里。

if you are over an illness or a bad experience or situation, you are no longer affected by it

〔从疾病或糟糕的经历或情形中〕恢复过来，熬过来

I think we’re over the worst of the crisis now.

我想我们现在已经熬过了最危急的关头。

He had a fever last night, but he seems to be over it now.

昨晚他发烧，但现在好像已经好了。

Sybil has never got over the shock of her mother’s death.

西比尔一直未能从母亲去世的打击中恢复过来。

I’m over him now (=I am no longer in love with him).

more than a particular number, amount, or level

The Japanese were producing over 100 million tons of steel.

日本的钢产量超过了1亿吨。

toys suitable for children over the age of three

[the over-30s/50s etc](bold)(=people who are more than a particular age)

为60岁以上人士设立的联谊俱乐部

Will you be home over the summer vacation?

Over a period of ten years he stole a million pounds from the company.

他在10年间从公司偷走了100万英镑。

我们能否边吃饭边谈这个问题？

about a particular subject, person, or thing

He’s having problems over his income tax.

他在所得税方面有些问题。

There is concern over the bad image of the legal profession.

大家对法律界的不良形象甚为担忧。

in control of or influencing someone or something

Genghis ruled over an empire that stretched from Persia across to China.

She had great personal influence and power over her followers.

她对自己的追随者有强大的个人影响力和操纵力。

used to say that someone or something is more successful or better than someone or something else

伊普斯威奇队对曼彻斯特城队3比1的胜利

Can Labour maintain its lead over the Conservatives?

工党能否保持相对保守党的领先地位？

It has one great advantage over its rivals.

和对手相比，它具有一个很大的优势。

using something such as a telephone or radio

I don’t want to talk about this over the telephone.

我不想在电话里谈这件事。

我是在收音机里听到这个消息的。

He gets a travel allowance over and above his existing salary.

他除现有的薪水以外，还有一份出差补助。

making a sound louder than another sound

‘What?’ he yelled over the noise of the engine and the wind.

“什么？”他高喊道，声音盖过了引擎声和风声。

if you choose one thing over another, you choose that thing rather than the other

What is your main reason for choosing one restaurant over another?

你在选择餐厅时考虑的主要因素是什么？


over

from an upright position into a position of lying on a surface

He was so drunk he fell over in the road.

他喝得烂醉，跌倒在马路上。

Engineers are working to prevent the tower from toppling over.

工程师在设法防止这座塔倒塌。

so that someone or something is no longer straight or flat, but is bent or folded in the middle

弯下(的)；折起来(的)

As Sheila bent over, a sudden pain shot up her back.

希拉弯腰时，突然感到背部一阵疼痛。

He folded the paper over and put it in his pocket.

from one side of an object, space, or area to the other side

从 …的一边到另一边，穿越

There are only three canoes so some people will have to swim over.

仅有三条独木舟，所以一部分人得游过去。

The wall was crumbling where children had climbed over.

墙上孩子们爬过的地方正在崩坍。

I went over (=crossed the room, street etc) to say hello, but Vincent didn’t recognize me.

我走过去打招呼，但文森特没有认出是我。

We flew over to the US to visit my Aunt Polly.

我们乘飞机去美国探望了波莉姨妈。

One of my cousins is coming over from France with his wife and daughter.

我的一个表亲和他的妻子女儿要从法国过来。

Come [over here](bold) and see what I’ve found.

到这里来，看看我找到了什么。

in a place that is on the other side of a space or area

Bill lives over on the other side of town.

Do you see that building [over there](bold)?

你看到那边的那幢建筑了吗？

You really should come over and see our new house.

你真的该过来看看我们的新房子。

I spent the whole day over at Gabby’s place.

We could drive over to Oxford this afternoon.

今天下午我们可以开车到牛津去。

if an event or period of time is over, it has finished

〔一件事或一段时间〕完结(的)，结束(的)

[over (and done) with](bold)(=used about something unpleasant)

I’m so glad the mid-term exams are over and done with.

我很高兴期中考试总算结束了。

You’d better give them the bad news. Do it now – get it over with.

你最好把这个坏消息告诉他们。现在就去，把这件事情了结。

The bus pulled over to the side of the road.

公共汽车开到路边停了下来。

Would you move over, so I can sit next to you.

你挪过去一点好吗，让我坐在你身边。

The attacker was ordered to hand over his weapon.

Most of the money has been signed over to his children.

大部分的钱都签字移交给了他的子女。

We switched over from electricity to gas because it was cheaper.

我们从用电改为用燃气，因为燃气较便宜。

so that the bottom or the other side of something can now be seen

Turn the box over and open it at that end.

把盒子翻过来，从那头打开。

Josh rolled over and went back to sleep.

more than or higher than a particular number, amount, or level

Almost 40% of women are size 14 [or over](bold).

差不多40%的女性穿14码或14码以上。

People earning £33,000 [and over](bold) will pay the higher rate of tax.

收入3.3万英镑或以上者将缴纳更高的税。

used before an adjective or adverb to mean ‘very’ or ‘too’

很，太〔用于形容词或副词前〕

She didn’t seem over pleased when I asked her to wait.

我叫她等一下，她好像不大高兴。

Perhaps we were all over enthusiastic about the project.

也许我们对此项目太有热情了。

an amount of something that is over is what remains after some of it has been used

There should be some money over when I’ve paid all the bills.

付完所有的账单后我应该还会剩下一些钱。

There was a little food left over from the party.

派对上剩下了一点点食物。

used to show that something is completely covered with a substance or material

Most of the windows have been boarded over.

大部分窗户都用木板封死了。

The door had been painted over with a bright red varnish.

门上刷了一层鲜艳的红漆。

We stood on the roof watching the planes fly over.

我们站在屋顶上看飞机从头顶飞过。

After talking it over with my wife, I’ve decided to retire.

和妻子仔细地商量过后，我决定退休。

I’ll need time to read the contract over before I sign.

我需要时间仔细阅读合同后再签字。

Think it over carefully before you make a decision.

if you start or do something over, you do it again

我搞混了，只得重新开始。

The way to learn the script is to say it to yourself over and over again.

背熟剧本的办法是自己反复地念。

used to say how many times the same thing happens

The pattern is repeated many times over.

这一模式被照搬了许多次。

used to say by how much an amount is multiplied

两倍/三倍等，乘以二/三等

Trade between the two countries has increased five times over.

两国间的贸易量增加了五倍。

used to emphasize that you do the whole of something again from the beginning, or that the same thing happens again

Their first plan had gone wrong, so they had to start all over again.

他们的第一个计划出了错，因此只得从头再来。

We had quarrelled about the money before, and now it was happening all over again.

我们以前就为这笔钱的事争吵过，现在又开始吵了。

used to say that it is now someone else’s turn to do something, to speak etc

I’ve done my best. Now it’s over to the professionals.

我已经尽了最大的努力，现在该交给专业人员了。

used when communicating by radio to show that you have finished speaking

Are you hearing me loud and clear? Over.

我说话你听得清楚吗？完毕。

used to say what something is compared to or preferred to

The Celtic Church maintained the Greek calendar over against that of Rome.

凯尔特教会一直沿用古希腊历法，而不用古罗马历法。

(also: [it’s not over until it’s over](bold) )

used during a game, election etc to say that, although a particular result seems likely, the situation could still change

〔比赛、选举等〕直到最后才能见分晓


over

the period of time in the game of cricket during which six or eight balls are thrown by the same bowler in one direction

〔板球比赛中投手的〕投球轮


overall

The overall cost of the exhibition was £400,000.

展览会的全部费用是40万英镑。

The overall result is an increase in population.

An overall winner and a runner-up were chosen.

总冠军和第二名被选了出来。

We don’t want all the details now, just the overall picture.

现在我们不需要全部细节，只要知道大致的情况。


overall

总的来说，价格仍在上涨。


overall

a loose-fitting piece of clothing like a coat, that is worn over clothes to protect them

〔穿在其他衣服外面的〕宽大罩衫

heavy cotton trousers with a piece covering your chest, held up by pieces of cloth that go over your shoulders

a piece of clothing like a shirt and trousers in one piece that is worn over other clothes to protect them


overcast

ˌəʊvəˈkɑːst◂

ˌoʊvərˈkæst◂

The sky was overcast and a light rain began to fall.

天空阴云密布，并下起了小雨。


overcome

[past tense](italic) [overcame](bold) /-ˈkeɪm/ [past participle](italic) [overcome](bold)

to successfully control a feeling or problem that prevents you from achieving something

控制〔感情〕；克服〔困难〕

Her financial problems could no longer be overcome.

她的经济困难再也无法解决。

if someone is overcome by smoke or gas, they become extremely sick or unconscious because they breathe it

被〔烟或气体〕熏得失去知觉；被呛晕

The engineer was working on the freezer when he was overcome by gas.

工程师在修理冰柜时被燃气熏倒了。

[Overcome](bold)  is usually passive in this meaning.

if someone is overcome by emotion, they cannot behave normally because they feel the emotion so strongly

〔某种情绪〕控制 …，对 …产生极大的影响

to fight and win against someone or something

澳大利亚队2比1战胜了荷兰队。


overcrowded

ˌəʊvəˈkraʊdɪd◂

Staff had to work in [overcrowded conditions](bold).

员工们只得在过度拥挤的环境中工作。


overdue

not done, paid, returned etc by the time expected

过期未完成的；过期未付的；过期未还的

The baby was a week overdue (=it was expected to be born a week ago).

宝宝超过预产期有一周了。

something that is overdue should have happened or been done a long time ago

早该发生的；早该完成的；期待已久的

We welcome this announcement and think it’s [long overdue](bold).

我们欢迎这个声明，并且对此期待已久。


overestimate

(=used to emphasize that something is very important)

His influence on rock music cannot be overestimated.

The importance of good medical care can hardly be overestimated.

it is hard/difficult to overestimate sth

It is hard to overestimate the effect the war has had on these children.

(=used to say that something is not as important as some people think)

It is easy to overestimate the effect of prison on criminals.

The CIA consistently overestimated the Soviet Union's military strength.

We seriously overestimated how much confidence he had in himself.

massively/grossly/vastly etc overestimate sth

Western countries massively overestimated the extent of the problem.

to think something is better, more important etc than it really is

对 …估计过好，对 …估计过高

He tends to overestimate his own abilities.

The importance of training in health and safety [cannot be overestimated](bold)(=is extremely important).

对健康和安全方面的培训极为重要。

to guess an amount or value that is too high

对〔数额或价值〕估计过高

Most patients overestimated how long they had had to wait to see a doctor.

大多数病人对看病所需的等待时间估计过长了。


overestimate

ˌəʊvərˈestəmət

a calculation, judgment, or guess that is too large

The figure of 30% is clearly an overestimate.

30%这个数字显然是估计过高了。


overhead

[overhead](bold) adj. eg: overhead wires


overhead

money spent regularly on rent, insurance, electricity, and other things that are needed to keep a business operating

〔企业的〕经常性支出，运营费用〔如租金、保险费、电费等〕

Their offices are in London so the overheads are very high.

他们的办事处在伦敦，所以经常性开支非常大。

a piece of transparent material used with an overhead projector to show words, pictures etc

〔使用高射投影仪时用以显示文字、图片等的〕透明胶片


overhear

[past tense and past participle](italic) [overheard](bold) /-ˈhɜːd/ US /-ˈhɜːrd/

to accidentally hear what other people are saying, when they do not know that you have heard

我碰巧听到了他们谈话的部分内容。

She overheard the management discussing pay rises.

她无意中听到管理层在讨论加薪的事。

We overheard the teacher say there would be a pop quiz today.

我们无意中听到老师说今天有突击测验。

I [couldn’t help overhearing](bold) your argument.

我无意中听到了你们的争吵。


overlap

[past tense and past participle](italic) [overlapped](bold) [present participle](italic) [overlapping](bold)

if two or more things overlap, part of one thing covers part of another thing

与〔某物〕部分重叠，交搭，叠盖

One of Jilly’s front teeth overlaps the other.

吉里的一颗门牙与另一颗有些交叠。

屋顶的瓦片相互叠搭在一起。

if two subjects, ideas etc overlap, they include some but not all of the same things

〔两种学科、观念等〕部分交叉

Maxwell’s responsibilities overlap yours, so you will be sharing some of the work.

马克斯韦尔的职责和你的有重叠，所以有些工作你们将共同承担。

The study of sociology overlaps with the study of economics.

社会学研究和经济学研究有共通之处。

two great men with overlapping interests

两位兴趣有共同之处的伟人

if two activities or periods of time overlap, the second one starts before the first one has finished

〔活动或时间上〕重叠，交叉

The second phase of development overlaps the first.

发展的第二阶段和第一阶段有重叠。


overlap

the amount by which two activities, ideas, things etc overlap

〔两种活动、观点、事物等〕交叉的数量，重叠部分

There is [considerable overlap](bold) between the girls’ and boys’ test results.

女孩和男孩的测试结果有相当多的共同之处。


overlook

to not notice something, or not see how important it is

It is easy to overlook a small detail like that.

那样的小细节很容易被忽略。

Nobody could [overlook the fact that](bold) box office sales were down.

谁也无法忽视票房销售额在下降这个事实。

to forgive someone’s mistake, bad behaviour etc and take no action

不计较，宽恕〔某人的过失、坏行为等〕

She found him entertaining enough to overlook his faults.

她觉得他很有趣，足以让她包容他的缺点。

if a house, room etc overlooks something, it has a view of it, usually from above

我们的房间可以俯视大海。


overly

Your views on economics are overly simplistic.

你对经济学的看法过于简单。


overnight

Pam’s [staying overnight](bold) at my house.

他一夜之间就成了百万富翁。

声誉不是一夜之间就能改变的。

→ Do not talk about ‘an overnight’ because [overnight ](bold)is never a noun. It is either an adverb or an adjective.


overnight

happening during the night or for the night

夜间的，晚上的；只供一夜的

his overnight decision to become a vegetarian


override

[override](bold) /ˈəʊvəraɪd/ US /ˈoʊ-/  n. <C> eg: a manual override

[past tense](italic) [overrode](bold) /-ˈraʊd/ US /-ˈroʊd/ [past participle](italic) [overridden](bold) /-ˈrɪdn/

to use your power or authority to change someone else’s decision

〔以权力或权威〕否决；改变〔别人的决定〕

The EU commission exercised its power to override British policy.

to be regarded as more important than something else

The needs of the mother should not override the needs of the child.

母亲的需要不应优先于孩子的需要。

to stop a machine doing something that it does by itself

超驰控制，超控，使用手动控制让〔自动控制的机器〕停下来

Can you override the automatic locking system?

可以通过手动控制让这个自动锁定系统解除锁定吗？


overseas

to or in a foreign country that is across the sea


overseas

coming from, existing in, or happening in a foreign country that is across the sea


oversight

a mistake in which you forget something or do not notice something

→see THESAURUS at [mistake](->mistake) 1

I assure you that this was purely an oversight on my part.

我向你保证，这纯粹是我的一时疏忽。

He has general oversight of all training courses.

他全面负责所有的培训课程。


overt

ˈəʊvɜːt, əʊˈvɜːt

[overtly](bold) adv. eg: an overtly political message

overt actions are done publicly, without trying to hide anything

〔行动〕公开的，不加隐瞒的

an overt attempt to silence their political opponents

他们想压制政敌言论的明显企图

公然的种族歧视是非法的。


overtake

[past tense](italic) [overtook](bold) /-ˈtʊk/ [past participle](italic) [overtaken](bold) /-ˈteɪkən/

to go past a moving vehicle or person because you are going faster than them and want to get in front of them

他把车驶出所在车道想超过那辆小货车。

to develop or increase more quickly than someone or something else and become more successful, more important, or more advanced than them

〔发展或增长〕超越，超过

Television soon overtook the cinema as the most popular form of entertainment.

电视很快就超过了影院，成为最大众化的娱乐方式。

Hingis has now overtaken her in the world tennis rankings.

现在辛吉斯的世界网球排名已经超过了她。

if something bad, especially a feeling, overtakes you, it happens to you suddenly and has a strong effect on you

〔不愉快的事〕突然降临到

She was overtaken by emotion and started to cry.

她突然情绪激动，哭了起来。

他突然产生了一种可怕的惊慌感。

if you are overtaken by events, the situation changes, so that your plans or ideas are not useful anymore

The diplomatic negotiations were soon overtaken by events.

外交谈判不久就遭遇变故。


overthrow

[past tense](italic) [overthrew](bold) /-ˈθruː/ [past participle](italic) [overthrown](bold) /-ˈθrəʊn/ US /-ˈθroʊn/

to remove a leader or government from power, especially by force

〔尤指用武力〕颠覆，推翻〔某领导或政府〕

Rebels were already making plans to overthrow the government.

反叛者已在密谋颠覆政府。

to get rid of the rules, ideas, or systems of a society

背弃，摒弃〔规则、观念或社会制度〕


overthrow

the defeat and removal from power of a leader or government, especially by force

〔尤指用武力对某领导或政府的〕打倒，推翻

The organization was dedicated to the overthrow of capitalism.

该组织致力于推翻资本主义。


overtime

To earn enough money, he puts in a lot of overtime.

Many teachers do a lot of unpaid overtime.

They offered us a bonus and unlimited overtime.

The salary figure does not include overtime pay.

If Joe worked 100 hours overtime at time and a half, his overtime payments would be $15,662.

(=payments that are set according to a standard scale)

Generous overtime rates are paid for late-night and weekend work.

time that you spend working in your job in addition to your normal working hours

超时工作，加班时间，额外工作时间

They’re [working overtime](bold) to get the job finished.

He’s been [doing](bold) a lot of [overtime](bold) recently.

Many employees work countless hours of [unpaid overtime](bold).

许多员工无偿加班无数个小时。

Many of our offices will be working [on overtime](bold) until the end of the year.

我们的许多办事处都要加班到年底。

the money that you are paid for working more hours than usual

He earns £450 a week, including overtime.

他周薪450英镑，包括加班费。

As she put down the phone, her brain was working overtime.

她放下电话听筒，飞快地开动脑筋。

a period of time added to the end of a sports game to give one of the two teams a chance to win

〔体育比赛的〕加时，延长期

Steve Smith scored all nine of the Hawks’ points in overtime.

史蒂夫•史密斯在加时赛中拿下了鹰队的全部九分。


overturn

ˌoʊvərˈtɜːrn

if you overturn something, or if it overturns, it turns upside down or falls over on its side

(使)翻倒，(使)倾覆；打翻

Leslie jumped to her feet, overturning her chair.

莱斯莉一跃而起，碰倒了椅子。

His car overturned, trapping him inside.

他的汽车发生侧翻，把他困在了里面。

to change a decision or result so that it becomes the opposite of what it was before

His conviction was overturned by the Court of Appeal.

他的有罪裁决被上诉法院推翻了。

to suddenly remove a government from power, especially by using violence

〔尤指用暴力突然〕推翻，颠覆〔政府〕


overview

The report provides an overview of the recent policy changes.

I wanted to get an overview of the main environmental concerns.

In business, you take an overview of a problem and then think of the best solutions.

We need someone who will have an overview of the whole system.

It is useful to give a brief overview of the research done so far.

(=concerning the main ideas or parts rather than all the details)

This chapter gives a broad overview of accounting practices in the UK.

(=including all the details and important points)

a comprehensive overview of the nuclear energy programme

a detailed overview of current legislation on gun control

The book gives a historical overview of the revolution.

a short description of a subject or situation that gives the main ideas without explaining all the details

The document provides a general overview of the bank’s policies.

这份文件对银行政策作了概述。

This chapter gives a broad overview of the main concerns facing employers.

这一章对雇主最为关心的问题作了粗略概述。


overweight

Being seriously overweight doubles the risk of heart disease.

The vet said the dog was grossly overweight and that it was affecting his heart.

I’m about 15 pounds overweight right now.

someone who is overweight is too heavy and fat

〔人〕体重超常的，过重的，肥胖的

[10 kilos/20 pounds etc overweight](bold)

something such as a package that is overweight weighs more than it is supposed to weigh

My luggage was overweight by five kilos.


overwhelm

if someone is overwhelmed by an emotion, they feel it so strongly that they cannot think clearly

〔感情上〕使〔某人〕感到不能自持，使不知所措

Harriet was overwhelmed by a feeling of homesickness.

哈丽雅特心中充满思乡之情，不能自已。

The children were overwhelmed with excitement.

[Overwhelm](bold)  is often passive in this meaning.

if work or a problem overwhelms someone, it is too much or too difficult to deal with

〔问题等〕使无法解决，使应接不暇，压垮

We were overwhelmed by the number of applications.

申请多得让我们应接不暇。

They would be overwhelmed with paperwork.

大量的文书工作将使他们疲于应付。

[Overwhelm](bold)  is usually passive in this meaning.

to surprise someone very much, so that they do not know how to react

I was completely overwhelmed by his generosity.

We were overwhelmed by the sheer size of the place.

那地方超大的面积让我们非常惊讶。

In 1532 the Spaniards finally overwhelmed the armies of Peru.

if water overwhelms an area of land, it covers it completely and suddenly


overwhelming

ˌəʊvəˈwelmɪŋ

having such a great effect on you that you feel confused and do not know how to react

难以抗拒的，令人不知所措的

She felt an overwhelming desire to hit him.

She found the city quite overwhelming when she first arrived.

她初来时觉得这座城市令她不知所措。

very large or greater, more important etc than any other

There is overwhelming evidence that smoking damages your health.

有难以辩驳的证据表明吸烟有损健康。

An [overwhelming majority](bold) of the members were against the idea.

占压倒性多数的成员反对这项主张。

The proposal has been given overwhelming support.

这一提议得到了压倒性多数的支持。

The British Air Force succeeded despite [overwhelming odds](bold) against them.

英国空军虽然处境极为不利，但还是完成了任务。


overwhelmingly

ˌəʊvəˈwelmɪŋli

used to emphasize the great amount or degree of something

Congress voted overwhelmingly in favor of the bill.

国会以压倒性多数票支持这个议案。

The response was overwhelmingly positive.


owe

to need to pay someone for something they have sold to you or because they have lent you money – used especially when talking about particular amounts of money

The football club still owes £2.3 million.

to owe money, especially to several different companies – used when talking about a person’s financial situation

We started getting deeper and deeper into debt.

to owe an amount of money to your bank because you have taken more money out of an account than you have put in

He received a letter saying he was overdrawn.

The bank charged me even though I was only a few pence overdrawn.

to be overdrawn, with the agreement of your bank

When I finished college I had a big overdraft.

to need to pay someone for something that they have done for you or sold to you, or to need to give someone back money that they have lent you

How much do I owe you (=often used to show that you want to pay for something)?

to feel that you should do something for someone or give someone something, because they have done something for you or given something to you

应该做；应给予；对 …负有 …的义务

He asked for help from a colleague who [owed](bold) him [a favour](bold).

他请了一个同事帮忙，那人曾欠他一个情。

I owe Shaun a letter; I must write soon.

我欠肖恩一封信，我得尽快写。

Thanks a lot for being so understanding about all this – [I owe you one](bold)(=used to thank someone who has helped you, and to say that you are willing to help them in the future)!

非常感谢你对这一切这么理解——我欠你一个人情！

owe sb (=be in a position in which someone has helped you, so that you should help them)

我们去找找乔看——他欠我的情呢！

to feel that you should give someone an explanation of why you did something, or say you are sorry

to have something or achieve something because of what someone else has done

把 …归功于，有 …是由于

He probably owes his life to her prompt action.

很可能是因为她行动迅速，才救了他一命。

to know that someone’s help has been important to you in achieving something

[owe sb a lot/owe sb a great deal](bold)

“我非常感激我的父母。”他承认道。

[owe it all to sb/owe everything to sb](bold)

to be successful because of the good effect or influence of something or someone

Their success [owes more to](bold) good luck than to careful management.

他们的成功更多靠的是好运气，而不是苦心经营。

Pearson’s work [owed much to](bold) the research of his friend, Hugh Kingsmill.

皮尔逊的工作成果很大程度上应该归功于他朋友休•金斯米尔的研究。

to feel you should do something for someone, because they have helped you or given you support

〔认为〕应该为某人做某事

You owe it to your supporters not to give up now.

为了对得起你的支持者，你现在不应该放弃。

to feel you should try to achieve something because it is what you deserve

You owe it to yourself to take some time off.

provinces owing allegiance to the Emperor

to be unwilling to work in order to get things, and expect them to be provided for you – used to show disapproval

认为生来就该过舒服的日子〔含贬义〕


owing to

Owing to a lack of funds, the project will not continue next year.

由于缺乏资金，该项目明年将不再继续推进。

Flight BA213 has been delayed owing to fog.

BA213次航班因雾延误。


owl

a bird with large eyes that hunts at night


own

[come into your own](bold) at → [come](->come) 1 sense 6 [hold your own](bold) at → [hold](->hold) 1 sense 24

You say [my own](bold) , [her own](bold) , [their own](bold)  etc: They miss their own country. The town has its own station.
Don’t say: [They miss the own country.](strike)  [The town has an own station.](strike)

You can also say [of my own](bold) , [of her own](bold) , [of their own](bold)  etc: I want to have a room of my own. Each house has a garden of its own.

[adj](bold) [pron](bold) <[always after a possessive](bold)>

used to emphasize that something belongs to or is connected with a particular person or thing and not any other

每一种舞蹈都有自己的节奏。

The yacht was intended for the King’s own personal use.

这艘游艇是专供国王私用的。

His face was only a few inches from her own.

他的脸离她自己的脸非常近。

I’d like to have a place of my own (=my own home).

我想有个属于自己的地方。

[your very own](bold)(=used to add more emphasis)

One day I want to have a horse of my very own.

总有一天我要有一匹完全属于我自己的马。

[sth to call your own/which you can call your own](bold)(=something that belongs to you)

She just wanted a place to call her own.

她只是想要个属于她自己的地方。

used to emphasize that someone did or made something without the help or involvement of anyone else

自己的〔强调没有别人的帮助或介入〕

We encourage students to develop their own ideas.

我们鼓励学生要有自己的想法。

It’s your [own fault](bold) for leaving the window open.

是你自己不好，没把窗户关上。

I’ve been living on my own for four years now.

He didn’t want to be [left on](bold) his [own](bold).

You can’t expect him to do it all on his own.

你不能指望全部由他一个人来做。

if you do something for someone’s own good etc, you do it to help them even though they might not like it or want it

为你自己的好处/安全/利益等

I’m only telling you this for your own good.

我是为了你好才告诉你这些的。

He was kept away from the other prisoners for his own safety.

把他和其他囚犯隔离开来是为了他的安全。

used to say that someone has too much of a good quality so that it may be a disadvantage

过分好/聪明等对你没好处

Stephen can be too generous for his own good.

斯蒂芬有时慷慨过头，反而对自己不好。

to do something bad to someone who has harmed you, as a way of punishing them

(对某人)报复，(向某人)复仇

She wanted to get her own back on Liz for ruining her party.

她要报复利兹毁了她的派对。

to have strong opinions and intentions that are not influenced by other people

希拉丽是个非常有主见的女人。

to change or deal with something in a way that makes it seem to belong to you

Great singers can take an old song and make it their own.

优秀的歌手能够把一首老歌唱得像是自己的歌一样。


own

[Own](bold)  is not used in the progressive. You say: They own several cars.
Don’t say: [They are owning several cars.](strike)

if you own something, it legally belongs to you

They live in a flat but they don’t own it.

to own something – used when focussing on the fact that someone has the use of something, rather than the fact that they legally own it

It is illegal to possess a firearm in Britain.

One man holds a third of the company’s shares.

to be owned by someone – written on signs, labels etc

to have something which belongs to you, especially because you have bought it, been given it etc and it is legally yours

〔尤指通过购买、接受赠予等而合法地〕拥有〔某物〕

The building is owned by the local council.

这幢大楼归地方议会所有。

You need to get permission from the farmer who owns the land.

你要得到拥有这块土地的农场主同意。

Many more people now own their own homes.

现在更多的人拥有了自己的住房。

[publicly/privately owned](bold) BrE(=belonging to the government or a private organization)

to behave in a way that is too confident and upsets other people

就像是这里的主人似的〔指表现过于大模大样而令他人不快〕

她表现得就好像这里是她的！

They walked in as if they owned the place.

他们走进来就跟他们是这里的主人似的。

I own that I judged her harshly at first.

我承认原先我对她的评价很苛刻。

to defeat someone very easily or by a large amount


owner

我碰见了当地宾馆的老板。

He was now [the proud owner of](bold) a bright red sports car.

他现在拥有了一辆亮红色跑车，很是自豪。

Dog-owners have been warned to keep their animals under control.

狗主人已经被提醒看管好自己的狗。

[home-owner](bold)(=someone who owns their house)


ownership

a dispute over the ownership of the land

The company was returned to private ownership in mid-1987.

1987年年中，这家公司重归私人所有。

The price of [home ownership](bold) is increasing.


oxygen

a gas that has no colour or smell, is present in air, and is necessary for most animals and plants to live. It is a chemical element: symbol O

氧〔一种化学元素，符号为O〕


pace

The rapid pace of change creates uncertainty.

The pace of life in the countryside is slower.

The economy was growing at a slow but steady pace.

This allows each child to learn at his or her own pace.

Singapore prospered and modernized at a breakneck pace.

After a surge in exports, the pace slackened considerably the following year.

Support for the campaign is gathering pace.

(=continue to do something or happen as quickly as before)

China's society is transforming but can it keep up the pace?

(=do something as fast as something else is happening or being done)

It’s essential that we constantly update our skills and keep up with the pace of change.

The pace of change accelerated dramatically in the early 1980s.

Here, the sun shines every day and the pace of life is slower.

The pace of development in computer graphics is amazing.

Some senior party figures favor a slower pace of reform.

the speed at which something happens or is done

The pace of change in our lives is becoming faster and faster.

我们生活的变化速度越来越快。

Public spending continues to rise at a steady pace.

the speed at which someone walks, runs, or moves

You need to step up the pace of your exercises.

[at a slow/leisurely/brisk etc pace](bold)

Lucy set off at a leisurely pace back to the hotel.

露西迈着悠闲的步子出发回宾馆。

He [quickened](bold) his [pace](bold), longing to be home.

他加快步伐，盼望着早点回到家中。

Traffic slowed to a [walking pace](bold).

车流速度减缓，犹如步行。

a single step when you are running or walking, or the distance you move in one step

〔跑或走的〕一步，一步之距

He [took](bold) a [pace](bold) towards the door.

Rebecca walked a few paces behind her mum.

丽贝卡走在妈妈身后几步远的地方。

to change or increase as fast as something else, or to move as fast as someone else

（与某物/某人）并驾齐驱，步伐一致

Salaries have not always kept pace with inflation.

工资上涨的速度往往赶不上通货膨胀。

The supply of materials cannot keep pace with demand.

to make a person, vehicle, animal etc show how well they can do something

测试某人/某物的本领[性能]；使某人/某物展示本领[性能]

The test driver puts all the cars through their paces.

试车手测试了所有的车辆。

if a company sets the pace, it does something before its competitors or to a better standard

Japanese firms have been setting the pace in electronic engineering.

(also: [set a brisk/cracking etc pace](bold) ([BrE](bold)) )

to go faster than the other competitors in a race, who then try to achieve the same speed

The Italians set the pace for the first eight laps.

前八圈意大利队一马当先。

to make something happen or develop more quickly than it would do normally

measures designed to force the pace on alternative energy policies

旨在加快实施替代能源政策步伐的措施

to be able to deal with situations where you are very busy and have to think and act very quickly

If you can stand the pace, working in advertising pays well.

从事广告业报酬很高，只要你能适应紧张的工作节奏。


pace

to walk first in one direction and then in another many times, especially because you are nervous

I found Mark at the hospital, [pacing](bold) restlessly [up and down](bold).

我看见马克在医院里焦躁不安地踱来踱去。

Sam stood up and paced the floor, deep in thought.

萨姆站起身，在屋里来回踱步，陷入沉思。

to control the speed that you move at in a race, so that you still have energy left near the end

〔比赛中〕控制自己的速度

Nicky paced herself and came through the ranks to win.

尼基控制好自己的速度，超过了一个又一个选手，最终获得了胜利。

to organize your life and activities so that you do not have too much to do

调整自己的生活[活动]节奏

You need to pace yourself and decide which tasks are the most important.

你应该调整一下自己的节奏，将工作分出轻重缓急来。

(also: [pace sth ↔ off](bold) [pace sth ↔ out](bold) )

to measure a distance by walking across it with steps of equal length

The director paced out the length of the stage.

那位导演步测了舞台的长度。