dead

You’re dead wrong, so let me handle this.

The countryside around here is dead flat all the way to the sea.

The room was dead quiet while we waited for Ted to reply.

He came home dead drunk in the middle of the night.

(=completely disapprove of or disagree with something)

I’d like to be an actress but Mum and Dad are dead set against it.

At the moment, Steve’s just dead set on winning the gold medal.

She was so shocked that she stopped dead in her tracks.

‘It’s a crazy idea.’ ‘You’re dead right!’

“这主意很愚蠢。” “你说得太对了！”

一切突然变得死一般寂静。

[be dead (set) against sth](bold)(=completely disagree with something)

Her family were dead against the marriage.

她的家人坚决反对这桩婚事。

When he saw her, he [stopped dead in his tracks](bold)(=suddenly stopped moving completely).

直接地；准确地；正巧，恰恰

I stared [dead ahead](bold) at the doorway.


dead

Families on both sides buried their dead.

[the dead and injured/wounded/dying](bold)

Most of the dead and injured had been passengers on the bus.

大部分死伤者都是公共汽车上的乘客。

the middle of the night or the middle of the winter


deadline

It's easier to work hard if you have a deadline.

(=have to finish something by a deadline)

We're all under pressure and working to deadlines.

Everyone's working extremely hard to meet the deadline.

(=fail to finish something by a deadline)

There will be penalties if the government misses the deadline to cut air pollution.

(=decide on a date when something must be finished)

The deadline has been set at January 31st.

(=make the date or time later than it was before)

My editor agreed to extend the deadline by two weeks.

Things began to get more frantic as the deadline loomed.

(=the date or time by which you must do something goes past)

The deadline had already passed for him to raise the money.

(=a time or date when something must definitely be finished)

We're working to a very strict deadline.

(=one that is difficult because it does not allow much time to do something)

As a journalist, you have to be able to work to tight deadlines.

The project went on long after the December deadline.

a date or time by which you have to do or complete something

He [missed the deadline](bold) for applications.

It has to be in before the deadline of July 1st.

在7月1日截止期前一定要交上去。

I'm always working under pressure to [meet deadlines](bold)(=finish something on time).

我总是在赶工期的压力下工作。

他们把中午12点定为截止期限。

[a tight/strict deadline](bold)(=one that must be met but is difficult)


deadly

[seven deadly sins](bold) at → [sin](->sin) 1 sense 1

someone who will always be your enemy and will try to harm you as much as possible

两个人很快就成了不共戴天的仇敌。

He was [in deadly earnest](bold)(=completely serious).

〔造成损害方面〕极有效的；极具杀伤力的

She hit the target with deadly accuracy.


deadly

我是非常认真的，这不是儿戏！


deaf

physically unable to hear anything, or unable to hear well

Deaf people use sign language to communicate.

to have difficulty hearing things, for example because you are old

You’ll have to speak up – she’s a bit hard of hearing.

having a permanent physical condition which makes it difficult for you to hear things

Not all hearing-impaired people are completely deaf.

By the time he was 50 he had begun to go deaf.

If the mother gets the disease, her baby may be born deaf.

A blow on the head left him permanently deaf.

He was totally deaf, and unable to walk.

Most children who are partially deaf can be taught in normal schools.

She must be stone deaf if she didn’t hear all that noise!

Many profoundly deaf children have great difficulty in learning to read.

He won’t hear you - he’s as deaf as a post.

physically unable to hear anything or unable to hear well

communication between deaf and hearing people

失聪者和听力正常者之间的交流

I think Mum’s [going](bold) a bit [deaf](bold).

She’s [deaf and dumb](bold)(=unable to hear or speak) and communicates using sign language.

她又聋又哑，用手语交流。

Tom was born [profoundly deaf](bold)(=having great difficulty hearing).

[stone deaf/deaf as a post](bold) [informal](special)(=completely deaf)

→ [hard of hearing](->hard of hearing) → [tone-deaf](->tone-deaf)

to be unwilling to hear or listen to something

不愿听某事，不肯听取某事

to be unwilling to listen to what someone is saying or asking

The factory owners turned a deaf ear to the demands of the workers.

工厂主对工人们提出的要求置若罔闻。

if advice or a warning falls on deaf ears, everyone ignores it

〔建议或警告〕遭人忽视，不被理睬


deal

The two companies have recently done a major deal.

Why don't we make a deal to stay out of each other's way?

(=agree a deal after a lot of discussions)

The US and North Korea reached a deal about North Korea's nuclear development program.

The singer has signed a $20 million deal with an American TV network.

(=agree a deal by discussing over a long period)

We have negotiated a special deal with one of the world’s leading car hire companies.

A deal between the two companies has now been concluded.

(=finally agree on a deal, especially one that is good for you)

The salesman was eager to clinch the deal.

(=agree a deal, especially when it is difficult or you have to accept some things you would rather not accept)

In the end, they had to cut a deal with the Communists.

(=decide not to make a deal after discussing one)

Twenty-five jobs were lost after their partner pulled out of the deal.

It’s 99% certain that the deal will go through.

The cost was simply too high, so the deal fell through.

You can buy two for £10, which sounds like a good deal.

He lost a fortune in an unwise business deal.

(=one that involves an agreement about how much people will be paid)

They are currently negotiating a new pay deal.

(=an agreement to end fighting between countries)

After weeks of negotiation the prospect of a political deal seemed increasingly unlikely.

A number of recent arms deals have embarrassed the government.

(=one between a singer or band and a recording company)

It’s hard for a band to get a record deal.

(=one that will be fixed for one year, two years etc)

The five-year deal is estimated to be worth $17.2 million.

Some senior members of the party were involved in shady deals and bribery.

I got free accommodation as part of the deal.

The hotel group refused to release the financial terms of the deal.

(=something that has been completely agreed)

The takeover has been described as a done deal.

an agreement or arrangement, especially in business or politics, that helps both sides involved

〔尤指生意或政治方面的〕协议

They made a deal to sell the land to a property developer.

他们达成了协议把这块地卖给房地产开发商。

rumors that the company had done a deal with Microsoft to market its products

有关该公司已和微软公司达成协议销售其产品的传言

Twelve US soldiers were released after a deal between the army and the guerillas.

军方和游击队达成协议之后，12名美国士兵获释。

It took a great deal of time and effort.

那花费了大量时间和精力。

His work has been attracting a great deal of attention.

他的作品吸引了大量关注。

[a great/good deal more/less etc](bold)(=a lot more, less etc)

She’s married to a man a good deal older than herself.

她嫁给了一个年龄比她大许多的男人。

You use [a great deal of](bold)  or [a good deal of](bold)  with uncountable nouns: a great deal of money a good deal of work

[A great/good deal of](bold)  is not used with nouns in the plural.
Don’t say: [a great deal of people](strike)

You can use [a lot of](bold)  with nouns in the plural or uncountable nouns: a lot of people a lot of trouble

treatment of a particular type that is given or received

The prime minister promised farmers a [new deal](bold)(=a new and fairer system).

首相向农民保证推行一项新政策。

[a rough/raw deal](bold)(=unfair treatment)

Women tend to get a raw deal from employers.

女性常常受到雇主不公正的对待。

used to say that you agree to do something

used when you want to know about a problem or something strange that is happening

怎么回事？他干吗发这么大火？

when you give out cards to players in a card game

fir
       or pine wood used for making things


deal

to take the necessary action, especially in order to solve a problem

We need to deal with problems like pollution and climate change.

I spend most of my day dealing with customer enquiries.

to deal with a problem or difficult situation by making particular decisions – used especially when talking about how well or badly someone does this

Most customers were happy with the way their complaints had been handled.

to start to deal with a problem, especially one that is complicated

We need to tackle the issue of drugs in schools.

The government is introducing new measures to tackle online crime.

to deal with all the practical details of something that needs to be done or organized. [Attend to](bold) is more formal than [see to](bold)

My son saw to all the funeral arrangements.

to do the work or make the arrangements that are necessary for something to happen – used especially when you do this for someone else so that they do not have to worry about it

My secretary takes care of all the paperwork.

if a company or organization processes a letter, form etc, they do the things that are usually done as part of their official system, in order to deal with it

It will take a minimum of 14 days to process your passport application.

I called their office, and they said that my request was still being processed.

Both countries are having to deal with the problem of violence in urban areas.

New laws were introduced to deal with the issue.

For a while I had no idea how to deal with the situation.

The president has flown home to deal with the crisis.

Working in the Customer Service Department, you become an expert in dealing with complaints.

Our staff will be able to deal with any enquiries.

All our ambulance drivers are trained to deal with emergencies.

I chose this job because I like having to deal with new challenges every day.

Most schools don't deal with the problem of bullying very effectively.

Most of these issues have now been successfully dealt with.

Our National Health Service does not deal adequately with the question of old age.

[past tense and past participle](italic) [dealt](bold) /delt/

to give playing cards to each of the players in a game

Many users end up dealing to support their habit.

许多吸毒者最后都是靠做毒品买卖来供自己吸毒。

to cause harm to someone or something – used in news reports

（给某人或某事物）造成伤害[损失，打击]〔用于新闻报道〕

[deal a heavy/severe/serious etc blow](bold)

The sanctions have dealt a severe blow to the local tourism industry.

制裁对当地旅游业造成了沉重的打击。

This will deal a blow to consumer confidence.


dealer

someone who buys and sells a particular product, especially an expensive one

商人；〔尤指贵重物品的〕经销商

someone who gives out playing cards in a game


dealing

[insider dealing](bold) at → [insider trading](->insider trading) → [wheeling and dealing](->wheeling and dealing)

the business activities or relationships that someone is involved in

She is ruthless in her dealings with competitors.

她在和竞争对手打交道时毫不留情。

We’ve [had dealings with](bold) him in the past.

我们过去和他有业务往来。

the activity of buying, selling, or doing business with people

[plain/honest/fair dealing](bold)(=a particular way of doing business)


dear

(also: [Dear me!](bold) (old-fashioned) )

used to show that you are surprised, upset, or annoyed because something bad has happened

天哪！天啊！〔用来表示惊讶、不安或恼怒，因为发生了糟糕的事〕

‘I think I’m getting a cold.’ ‘Dear oh dear!’

“我觉得我要感冒了。” “哦，天哪！”


dear

[comparative](italic) [dearer](bold) [superlative](italic) [dearest](bold)

used before someone’s name or title to begin a letter

尊敬的，亲爱的〔用在信函开头某人姓名或头衔前面〕

→see THESAURUS at [expensive](->expensive)

Cars are 59% dearer in Britain than in Europe.

a dear friend or relative is very important to you and you love them a lot

to think that something is very important

Household economy was something my mother held very dear.

used to describe someone or something in a way that shows your love or liking of them

Here we are, back in dear old Manchester!

if you run, fight, hold on etc for dear life, you do it as fast or as well as you can because you are afraid

She grasped the side of the boat and [hung on for dear life](bold).


dear

亲爱的，宝贝〔称呼心爱的人〕

used when speaking in a friendly way to someone, especially someone who is much younger or much older than you. This use can sometimes sound rather patronizing

亲爱的，乖乖〔尤用于对比自己年轻或年长许多的人说话，有时听上去有居高临下的意味〕

亲爱的，我能为你做什么吗？

Come along, [my dear](bold), take a seat.

a fairly rude expression meaning an old woman

老太婆〔相当无礼的说法〕


dear

to cause a lot of trouble and suffering for someone

使某人付出惨重代价；给某人带来许多麻烦和痛苦

Carolyn’s marriage to Pete cost her dear.

与皮特的婚姻让卡罗琳付出了惨重的代价。


death

→ [Black Death, the](->Black Death, the) [kiss of death](bold) at → [kiss](->kiss) 2 sense 3 [life and death](bold) at → [life](->life) sense 10

We still don't know what caused his death.

Any delay in calling an ambulance may have resulted in her death.

Thousands of people are starving to death.

He was stabbed to death in an attack outside his home.

(=decide someone must die as an official punishment)

Two men were sentenced to death for the killings.

(=be killed as a punishment for something you have done)

The rebels were defeated and their leaders put to death.

He fell while climbing in the mountains, and only narrowly escaped death.

He met his death tragically while on holiday in Greece.

The entertainment world was last night mourning the actor's death.

Her family are trying to come to terms with Anna's tragic death.

Paul's first marriage ended with the early death of his wife.

He remained president until his untimely death in 2004.

The disease is a significant cause of premature death in the developing world.

The jury returned a verdict of accidental death.

(=caused by violence, especially deliberately)

There is a high rate of violent death in America.

Many of the prisoners faced certain death.

In the west, most countries have abolished the death penalty.

Because of his young age, the judge decided not to impose the death sentence.

(=the number of people who die each year from something)

The death rate from heart attacks is about 50% higher for smokers.

(=the number of people who die in an accident)

Officials fear the death toll could be as high as 3000.

(=a threat to kill someone deliberately)

The writer had received a number of death threats.

The cause of death was a bullet in his chest.

(=the official punishment of death for a crime)

There were strong protests against the sentence of death.

the end of the life of a person or animal

The death of his mother came as a tremendous shock.

他母亲的去世是个巨大的打击。

Cancer is the leading [cause of death](bold) in women.

How Danielle [met](bold) her [death](bold)(=died) will probably never be known.

可能永远也无法得知丹妮尔的死因。

His family are still [mourning](bold) John’s [tragic death](bold).

约翰的家人仍在为他的不幸去世而哀伤。

The 76-year-old pensioner was beaten to death.

[put/sentence/condemn sb to death](bold)(=kill someone or decide they should be killed as an official punishment)

Legend has it that Sarah was put to death for practising witchcraft.

传说萨拉是因为行巫术被处死的。

Members of the family have received [death threats](bold).

这个家庭的成员遭到了死亡威胁。

He remained president until his [untimely death](bold)(=death at a surprisingly young age).

他担任总统期间英年早逝。

Two of the passengers managed to [escape death](bold)(=avoid being killed).

a campaign to reduce the number of traffic deaths

减少交通事故死亡人数的运动

I heard there’d been a [death in the family](bold).

我听说这户人家有人去世了。

某事物的永久终结[毁灭，破灭]

The latest bombing is the death of all our hopes.

最近的炸弹爆炸事件使我们所有的希望都化为乌有。

These regulations could [spell the death](bold)(=lead to the end) of the American car industry.

这些规定可能会毁掉美国的汽车工业。

used to emphasize that a feeling or emotion is very strong

极度，要命〔强调感觉或情绪的强烈〕

[be bored/scared/frightened etc to death](bold)

She was scared to death of what might happen next.

她对接下来可能会发生的事怕得要命。

I’m absolutely [sick to death of](bold) it (=very angry, bored, or unhappy about something).

He drove at a speed which frightened Leonora to death.

他的车速让莉奥诺拉吓得要死。

她过去总是让我担心得要命。

used to say that an action is continued with a lot of effort and for as long as possible

They just [work](bold) you [to death](bold) in that place.

在那个地方，他们就是让你没命地干活儿。

to perform or present an idea, joke etc so often that people become tired of it

Most of his material has been done to death by numerous comedians.

他的大部分段子都是老梗，已经被许多喜剧演员说滥了。

They will [fight to the death](bold) rather than give an inch of ground.

他们宁愿战死也不肯让出一寸土地。

soldiers locked in a struggle to the death

until you achieve something even if it means that you suffer

The leadership election has become a fight to the death.

领导人选举变成了一场你死我活的恶斗。

a creature that looks like a human skeleton, used in paintings, stories etc to represent the fact that people die

(AmE [look/feel like death warmed over](bold) )

看起来/感到病得厉害[累得要命]

used to warn someone that they are likely to become ill because they are wet or cold

你会（着凉）生病的〔因为身上湿或冷〕

used to say that someone is causing you a lot of worry and problems

某人会让我担心死[会要我的命]

那孩子真是让我愁得要命！


debate

There has been considerable debate about the way forward for education.

(=interesting and involving a lot of different opinions)

The conference produced some lively debate.

(=in which people put forward strong and different arguments)

The future of the nuclear industry has been a matter of intense debate.

(=in which people express strong opinions in an angry way)

There has been a fierce debate over the way the war was fought.

(=involving more people or a more general discussion)

We believe that there should be a wider debate on such an important issue.

(=in which people put forward their ideas publicly, so that everyone can form an opinion.)

He called for a public debate on race and discrimination.

(=one that involves everyone in a country)

It is time to start a national debate on the future of the health service.

(=involving members of political parties)

There was much political debate on pensions reform.

the long-running debate about the future of our inner cities

This is unlikely to be the final word in this ongoing debate.

I think we should have a public debate on this issue.

The episode provoked fierce debate about freedom of speech.

How can the party stifle debate on such an important issue?

(=happens over a period of time and and involves strong feelings)

A national debate is now raging over the level of youth crime.

Teaching methods have long been the subject of debate.

(=be something that people have discussed)

The effectiveness of the government’s policy has been a matter of fierce debate.

(=be something that people should discuss)

The future of the police force is a matter for public debate.

discussion of a particular subject that often continues for a long time and in which people express different opinions

The new drug has become the subject of [heated debate](bold) within the medical profession.

这种新药成了医学界激烈争论的话题。

There has been [widespread public debate](bold) over the introduction of genetically modified food.

公众已对引入转基因食品进行了广泛的讨论。

There was much [lively debate](bold) about whether women should spend more time in the home.

就妇女是否应该花更多时间待在家里这个话题有许多热烈的争论。

A fierce [debate raged](bold) over which artist’s work should be chosen for the prize.

就哪位艺术家的作品应该得奖一事展开了激烈的争论。

the [ongoing debate](bold) between environmentalists and the road-building lobby over the future of our countryside

环境保护主义者和游说修建公路的团体之间正在进行的有关我们乡村未来的讨论

Nuclear power has always been a topic that has [sparked off](bold) considerable [debate](bold).

核电一直是引起相当多争议的话题。

a formal discussion of a particular problem, subject etc in which people express different opinions, and sometimes vote on them

〔正式的〕讨论，辩论〔有时会为此进行投票表决〕

It would have been better to hold the debate during the day.

当时要是把辩论安排在白天进行可能更好。

What topics are under debate in Congress this week?

本周国会讨论的是什么议题？

if an idea is open to debate, no one has proved yet whether it is true or false

Whether that would have made any difference is open to debate.

那样做是否有用还有待商榷。


debate

to discuss a subject formally when you are trying to make a decision or find a solution

这个问题将在星期二讨论。

Meanwhile, philosophers debate whether it’s right to clone an individual.

与此同时，哲学家们就克隆人是对是错的问题进行辩论。

an invitation to debate with William on the future of democracy

His conclusions [are hotly debated](bold)(=argued about strongly).

他的结论引发了热烈的讨论。

to consider something carefully before making a decision

〔作出决定前〕反复考虑，斟酌

I debated with myself whether I should tell anyone.

我在反复考虑是否应该告诉别人。

For a moment Mary debated telling Rick the truth.

玛丽犹豫了片刻要不要把真相告诉里克。


debit card

→ [cash card](->cash card) → [cheque card](->cheque card) → [credit card](->credit card)

a plastic card with your signature on that you can use to pay for things. The money is taken directly from your bank account


debris

the pieces of something that are left after it has been destroyed in an accident, explosion etc

She was hit by [flying debris](bold) from the blast.

她被爆炸产生的飞散碎片击中。

Clean the ventilation ducts to remove dust and insect debris.

清洁通风管道，以清除灰尘和昆虫残骸。


debt

At that time he was drinking a lot and running up debts.

The first thing I'm going to do is pay off my debts.

He was hoping he would soon have enough money to settle his debts.

It took him three years to clear his bank debts.

(=pay the interest on a debt, but not pay it back)

By then, she was borrowing more money just to service her debts.

(=say officially that it does not have to be paid)

The bank finally agreed to write off the debt.

Many poor countries are saddled with huge debts.

The programme aims to reduce the debt of the world's poorest countries.

Young people often leave university with huge debts.

The average outstanding debt on credit cards in Britain is now over £3,000.

The company wanted to reduce its heavy debts.

Companies lose millions of pounds each year from having to write off bad debts.

The company closed with bank debts of about £350 million.

(=the total amount that is owed by the government of a country)

Their national debt is the third largest in the world.

a sum of money that a person or organization owes

He had enough money to pay off his outstanding debts.

他有足够的钱偿还亏欠的债务。

Nearly half the students said they were in debt.

The band will be in debt to the record company for years.

乐团将欠唱片公司的债很多年。

A rash business decision left him $600 in debt.

生意上一个草率的决定使他欠下了600美元的债。

这家俱乐部陷入更深的债务之中。

[be heavily/deeply in debt](bold)(=owe a lot of money)

the degree to which you have learned from or been influenced by someone or something else

Braque [acknowledged](bold) his [debt](bold) to Impressionist painting.

布拉克承认受到了印象派绘画的影响。

the fact of being grateful to someone who has helped you

I [owe a debt of gratitude](bold) to my tutors.


debut

the first public appearance of an entertainer, sports player etc or of something new and important

〔演员、运动员等的〕首次登台，初次亮相；〔新事物的〕问世

He [made](bold) his Major League [debut](bold) as shortstop.

他以游击手的身份在美国职业棒球大联盟首次亮相。

His Broadway debut was ‘The Scarlet Pimpernel’.

他在百老汇舞台上的首次演出是《红花侠》。

他们的首张专辑是1991年录制的。

He scored in his debut match for the club.

他第一次代表俱乐部上场比赛就进了球。


debut

to appear in public or become available for the first time

The show will debut next Monday at 8.00 pm.

这出戏首演时间是下星期一晚8点。

to introduce a product to the public for the first time

Ralph Lauren debuted his autumn collection in Paris last week.

拉尔夫·劳伦上周在巴黎首次推出了他的秋装系列。


decay

to be slowly destroyed by a natural chemical process – use this especially about natural things such as wood or plants, or about teeth

to decay. [Rot](bold) is less formal than [decay](bold) and is more common in everyday English

The fruit was left to rot on the ground.

Most of the wood under the paint had rotted.

the smell of rotting vegetation decaying leaves and plants

if food goes off, it starts to smell bad and is no longer be safe to eat

if food spoils, it starts to decay, so that it is no longer safe to eat. [Spoil](bold) is more formal and is less common in everyday British English than [go off](bold)

Food left in the sun will quickly start to spoil.

to begin to have a soft green or black substance growing on the surface of the food, so that it is not good to eat anymore

to decay – use this especially about dead plants or flesh

to decay and have a very bad smell – use this especially about flesh or plants

After two days, the body was already beginning to putrefy.

to decay naturally into substances that do not harm the environment – use this especially about man-made materials and chemicals

Unlike many other materials, plastic does not biodegrade.

to be slowly destroyed by a natural chemical process, or to make something do this

Most archaeological finds are broken, damaged, or decayed.

大部分考古发现物都已破裂、损坏或腐烂。

In everyday English, people usually say [rot](bold)  rather than [decay](bold)  when talking about food:

There was a smell of [rotting](bold) vegetables.

if buildings, structures, or areas decay, their condition gradually becomes worse

〔建筑、结构或地区〕破败，毁坏

Hundreds of historic buildings are being allowed to decay.

数百幢历史建筑被任由破败。

if traditional beliefs, standards etc decay, people do not believe in them or support them anymore

〔传统观念、标准等〕失去影响力，衰败，衰落

In Orthodox Europe, mass religion seems to have decayed less.

在正教会流行的欧洲地区，集体宗教信仰的影响力似乎衰退得没那么严重。


decay

You can use a preservative on the wood to prevent further decay.

Eating too much sugar causes tooth decay.

Everything in our environment is subject to natural decay.

The natural processes of decay gradually destroys archaeological sites.

I couldn't see any signs of decay on the fruit.

the natural chemical change that causes the slow destruction of something

old cars in various [stages of decay](bold)

the gradual destruction of buildings, structures etc because they have not been cared for

〔疏于维护而造成建筑物等的〕破败，衰败

During the war, the area fell into decay.

战争期间这个地区衰败了。

the gradual destruction of ideas, beliefs, social or political systems etc

〔观念、信仰、社会制度、政治制度等的〕衰退，没落


deceased

someone who has died, especially recently

死者，已故之人〔尤指最近去世的人〕

The deceased left a large sum of money to his children.


deceive

to make someone who trusts you believe something that is not true

This was a deliberate attempt to deceive the public.

to make someone believe something that is not true, in order to get something from them or make them do something

A man posing as an insurance agent had tricked her out of thousands of dollars.

to make someone believe something that is not true by using a clever but simple trick

to make people believe something that is not true, by deliberately not giving them all the facts, or by saying something that is only partly true

The company was accused of misleading customers about the nutritional value of the product.

to trick or deceive someone, especially so that they become involved in someone else’s dishonest activity without realizing it

The spies duped government and military officials alike.

to trick someone, especially by telling them something that is not true

I’m pretty good at judging people; I didn’t think he was trying to con me.

He had been deceived by a young man claiming to be the son of a millionaire.

他被一个自称是百万富翁之子的年轻人骗了。

He tried to deceive the public into thinking the war could still be won.

他试图欺骗公众相信这场战争仍有胜算。

I wouldn’t deceive you about anything as important as this.

像这么重要的事我不会欺骗你的。

In everyday English, people usually say [trick](bold)  rather than [deceive](bold) :

She thought they were trying to [trick](bold) her.

to refuse to believe that something is true because the truth is unpleasant

I thought she loved me, but I was deceiving myself.

我以为她是爱我的，但我是在自我欺骗。

He didn’t deceive himself that he and Ruth could remain friends.

他并未自欺地认为他和露丝能继续做朋友。

to give someone a wrong belief or opinion about something

Don’t be deceived by the new cover – this is a rehash of old hits.

别被新封面误导，这只是一些经典老歌的重新包装罢了。


December

[n](bold) <[C,U](bold)> written abbreviation: Dec.

the 12th month of the year, between November and January

去年12月他们去了布拉格。

杰克的生日是12月6日。

The event was to take place on 6th December.

这项活动将于12月6日举行。

她的信是12月6日到的。


decent

可接受的，相当好的，像样的

→see THESAURUS at [satisfactory](->satisfactory)

你就没有一件像样的外套吗？

a house with a [decent-sized](bold) yard

Their in-flight magazine is [halfway decent](bold)(=quite good).

他们的航班杂志还算可以。

following moral standards that are acceptable to society

The majority of residents here are decent citizens.

这里的大部分居民都是正派的市民。

Paul visited the local bars more frequently than was decent for a senior lecturer.

保罗过于频繁地光顾当地酒吧，不太合乎高级讲师的身份。

The chairman [did the decent thing](bold)(=did what people thought he ought to) and resigned.

I decided her father was a decent guy after all.

我认为她父亲毕竟是个好人。

[It was decent of](bold) you to show up today.

wearing enough clothes so that you do not show too much of your body – used humorously

穿好衣服的，穿得体面的〔幽默用法〕

你穿好了吗？我能进来了吗？


deception

the act of deliberately making someone believe something that is not true

She didn’t have the courage to admit to her deception.

她没有勇气承认自己的欺骗行为。

He was convicted of [obtaining money by deception](bold).


decide

We decided to send our son to a boarding school.

to decide something, especially after thinking about it for a long time. [Make up your mind](bold) is less formal than [decide](bold) and is mainly used in spoken English

Have you made up your mind about where you’ll go on holiday?

to decide to do something – especially when this is different from what people expect or tell you to do

More young couples are choosing not to marry.

to decide after thinking carefully about something, especially about something that is very important

They made a decision not to have children.

to decide that you will definitely do something, especially because you think it will be better for you, or because of your past experiences

to officially decide what something shall be

Each hospital can determine its own pay rates.

to decide to support a particular plan, argument etc – used especially about groups of people

Eight of the ten committee members came down in favour of the changes.

to officially decide about something important after discussing and carefully considering it – used especially about groups of people

After two hours of discussion, the committee had still not come to a decision on any of the proposals.

to make a choice or judgment about something, especially after considering all the possibilities or arguments

Tina’s decided to go to Rome for her holidays.

It was decided that four hospitals should close.

I can’t decide whether I like him or not.

People have a right to decide how to spend their own money.

民众有权决定怎么花自己的钱。

A meeting was called to decide between the three candidates.

召开了一次会议来决定在这三名候选人中选哪位。

decide for yourself (=make your own decision)

The trainees decide among themselves what programs to take.

He eventually decided against telling her.

他最终还是决定不告诉她。

After a long discussion, they decided in favour of (=chose) the older applicant.

经过长时间的讨论，他们决定选那位较年长的求职者。

In more formal English, you can say[ it is decided that](bold)  something should be done: It was decided that he should resign.

to influence a situation or event so that a particular result is produced

It was the penalty kick that decided the match.

那个点球决定了比赛胜负。

to be the reason for someone making a particular choice

Taxes could be [the deciding factor](bold) for millions of floating voters.

税收对数百万游离选民来说可能成为决定性因素。

The look he gave her decided her not to ask.

他看她的神情使她决定不问了。

The Commission will have the power to decide disputes.

该委员会将有权裁决争端。

If the Parole Board decides in his favour, the prisoner will be released.

如果假释委员会作出对那名犯人有利的判决，他就能获释。


decidedly

definitely or in a way that is easily noticed

Cole’s style is decidedly more formal than the previous manager’s.

科尔的待人处事风格显然比前任经理要严肃正经。

in a way that shows that you are very sure about a decision

‘I’m not going to do it,’ said Margaret decidedly.

“这件事我不做。”玛格丽特坚决地说。


decision

I want to think about it a bit longer before I make a decision.

I fully accept the decision taken by the committee.

(=make a decision after a lot of thought)

We hope they will reach their decision as soon as possible.

(=wish you had not made a particular decision)

I was already regretting my decision to go on holiday with him.

(=think about changing a decision you have made)

He said he wasn't prepared to reconsider his decision.

They want him to reverse his decision to quit.

(=officially change a decision by another person or group)

A director of the company had overruled that decision.

The government has postponed its decision about when to hold the election.

My father made all the important decisions.

The government now has some major decisions to make.

In the end I took the difficult decision to retire early.

It was a good decision to change the name of the product.

She chose to study Engineering and it was definitely the right decision.

I thought I'd made the wrong decision marrying Jeff.

(=one that you have thought about clearly)

Belinda had made a conscious decision to have a baby.

It's now time to come to a clear decision on this.

The council will make a final decision in four months.

Police officers often have to make snap decisions on how to act.

The history of the law is full of controversial decisions.

(=one that you make without enough thought)

Don't let yourself be forced into making hasty decisions.

Jo and I made a joint decision that we should separate.

(=one that a number of people make together)

Society should take collective decisions about individual rights and responsibilities.

a choice or judgment that you make after a period of discussion or thought

Do you ever wonder if you made the right decision?

She refused to discuss her decision to quit the group.

她拒绝谈论她要退出该团体的决定。

We finally came to a firm decision on the matter.

我们终于对此事作出了明确的决定。

Viewers make the final decision as to who should be eliminated from the competition.

比赛中谁该被淘汰出局由观众最终决定。

The judges’ [decision](bold) is [final](bold)(=it will not be changed).

裁判们的判罚是最终判罚。

the quality someone has that makes them able to make choices or judgments quickly and confidently

the ability to act with speed and decision

The Court has the ultimate power of decision.


decisive

[decisively](bold) adv. eg: Yet again, we have failed to [act decisively](bold).

[decisiveness](bold) n. <U> eg: military decisiveness eg: the speed and decisiveness of his victory

an action, event etc that is decisive has a big effect on the way that something develops

Women can [play a decisive role](bold) in the debate over cloning.

We will [take decisive steps](bold) towards political union with Europe.

我们将朝着与欧洲在政治上联合的方向迈出关键的步子。

someone who is decisive is good at making decisions quickly and with confidence

a talent for quick [decisive action](bold)

能够迅速而果断地行动的天赋

definite and clear in a way that leaves no doubt


deck

[all hands on deck](bold) at → [hand](->hand) 1 sense 37 [clear the decks](bold) at → [clear](->clear) 2 sense 17 [hit the deck](bold) at → [hit](->hit) 1 sense 17

the outside top level of a ship that you can walk or sit on

a staircase leading to the passenger deck

〔公共汽车、飞机等的〕一层

I managed to find a seat on the upper deck.

我在上层找到了一个座位。

Eddie returned to the [flight deck](bold)(=the part of an aircraft where the pilot sits).

→ [double-decker](->double-decker) sense 1 → [single-decker](->single-decker)

a wooden floor built out from the back of a house, where you can sit and relax outdoors

〔屋后供休息的〕木制露台

a piece of equipment used for playing music tapes, records etc

〔录音机的〕走带机构；〔唱机的〕转盘托面


deck

to decorate something with flowers, flags etc

The street was decked with flags for the royal wedding.

街道上装点着庆祝王家婚礼的旗帜。

[Deck](bold)  is usually passive in this meaning.

to hit someone so hard that they fall over

格里一个转身把他打倒在地。


declaration

an important official statement about a particular situation or plan, or the act of making this statement

Under Islamic law it was possible to divorce by simple declaration.

an official or serious statement of what someone believes

〔关于思想、主张等的〕宣言

the United Nations Declaration of Human Rights

a statement in which you officially give information about yourself


declare

to state officially and publicly that a particular situation exists or that something is true

The court declared that Brown’s case should be reviewed.

法庭宣布布朗的案子应该进行复审。

Several countries wanted Antarctica to be declared a ‘world park’.

有几个国家希望将南极洲宣布为“世界公园”。

The city was declared to be in a state of siege.

该市被宣布处于封锁状态。

The war was declared illegal by the International Court of Justice.

这场战争被国际法庭宣布为非法。

Mr Steel has been [declared bankrupt](bold)(=it has been officially stated that he cannot pay his debts).

斯蒂尔先生已被宣布破产。

We celebrate September 16, the day when Mexico [declared independence](bold) from Spain (=officially stated that it was no longer ruled by Spain).

我们在9月16日举行庆祝活动，这一天是墨西哥摆脱西班牙统治宣布独立的日子。

He [declared](bold) his [intention](bold) to stand for president.

他宣布自己打算竞选总统。

Carol held a press conference and declared that she was innocent.

卡萝尔举行了一个记者招待会宣称自己是无辜的。

Edward declared himself angry and frustrated.

爱德华宣称自己既气愤又沮丧。

to state officially that you are at war with another country

to say that something is wrong and that you will do everything you can to stop it

（向自己认为不对的事）宣战

Angry residents have declared war on the owners of the factory.

气愤的居民已经向工厂主宣战。

to state on an official government form how much money you have earned, what property you own etc

All tips are counted as part of your earnings and must be declared.

所有的小费都算作你收入的一部分，必须申报。

to tell a customs official that you are carrying goods on which you should pay tax when you enter a country

〔向海关官员〕申报〔应征税的物品〕

to tell people that you are connected with something that is being discussed

宣布有关系，申明利益关系

I should, at this point, declare an interest: I own shares in the company.

到了这个时候，我应该申明利益关系: 我拥有这家公司的股份。

to choose to end your team’s turn before all your players have batted


decline

The higher prices caused a sharp decline in sales.

We noticed a rapid decline in his health.

(=extremely fast, and by a large amount)

The last three years have seen a dramatic decline in the number of tigers in the area.

Hunting led to a marked decline in bird numbers.

After 1870, there was a gradual decline of the disease.

There has been a steady decline in club membership.

The long-term decline in the manufacturing industry is still continuing.

This area has been severely affected by long-term industrial decline.

The use of agricultural chemicals has led to a decline in water quality.

At the beginning of the century the cloth trade was going into decline.

The firm suffered a sharp decline in its profits.

These measures are intended to halt the decline in fish populations.

(=make something start to improve again)

The main aim is to reverse the decline of the world’s environment.

(=used to say that a decline happens at a particular time or in a particular place)

The 20th century saw a steady decline in the rural population.

a decrease in the quality, quantity, or importance of something

下降；减少，削减；衰落，没落

There has been a decline in the size of families.

The island’s population initially numbered 180, but there was a gradual decline until only 40 people were left.

该岛人口原来有180人，后来逐渐减少到只剩下40人。

the [economic decline](bold) faced by many cities

the widely held belief that educational standards are in decline

教育水准在下降的普遍观点

[fall/go etc into decline](bold)(=become less important, successful etc)

The port fell into decline in the 1950s.

20世纪50年代，这个港口开始衰落了。


decline

[declining](bold) adj. eg: declining attendance at baseball games

→see THESAURUS at [decrease](->decrease) 1

Spending on information technology has declined.

用于信息技术的支出减少了。

汽车销量下滑了四分之一。

After the war, the city declined in importance.

战后这座城市的重要性下降了。

to say no politely when someone invites you somewhere, offers you something, or wants you to do something

Offered the position of chairman, Smith declined, preferring to keep his current job.

对担任主席的邀约，史密斯拒绝了，他宁愿留在现在的职位上。

Mary declined a hot drink and went to her room.

玛丽谢绝了热饮料，到自己的房间去了。

Mary declined Jay’s invitation to dinner.

玛丽谢绝了杰伊请吃晚饭的邀请。

The minister [declined to comment](bold)(=refused to speak to people who report the news) about the progress of the peace talks.

部长拒绝就和谈进程发表评论。

Her health has been declining progressively for several months.

几个月来她的健康状况不断恶化。

Qualified staff are leaving and standards are declining.

称职的员工不断离去，人员水准持续下降。

if a noun,pronoun, or adjective declines, its form changes according to whether it is the subject,object etc of a sentence

变格，词形变化〔名词、代词或形容词根据其在句中是作主语、宾语或是其他成分，形式发生相应变化〕

if you decline a noun,pronoun, or adjective, you show the various forms that it can take

列出〔名词等〕的词形变化


decorate

to paint the inside of a room, put special paper on the walls etc

The bathroom is decorated in green and yellow.

浴室是用绿色和黄色装潢的。

We plan to spend the weekend decorating.

我们计划用这个周末来装修。

to make something look more attractive by putting something pretty on it

Children’s pictures decorated the walls of the classroom.

教室的墙上装点着孩子们的画。

an old-fashioned dress decorated with ribbons and lace

饰有丝带和花边的老式连衣裙

to give someone a medal as an official sign of honour


decoration

ˌdekəˈreɪʃən

ˌdekəˈreɪʃən

something pretty that you put in a place or onto something to make it look attractive, especially for special occasions

Half a dozen girls volunteered to put up decorations for the dance.

We're making our own Christmas decorations this year.

You could use the ribbon as a decoration.

a small pretty object that is used in a room or house to make it look more attractive

The shelves were crammed with ornaments and souvenirs.

small inexpensive objects used to decorate a room

The shop sold cheap knick-knacks for tourists.

She had dusted all the ornaments and knick-knacks.

a small amount of food that is used to make a dish look nice or add taste to it

decoration on a car, object, or piece of clothing that goes along the length of it

a white skirt with black trim along the hem

a decoration on the edge of a piece of cloth that is made of many small folds in the cloth

something that is added in order to make another thing seem more attractive

the colourful embellishments on a medieval manuscript

His style is simple and without embellishment.

something pretty that you put in a place or on top of something to make it look attractive

the style in which something is decorated

他是伊斯兰装饰风格的专家。

a box with paper flowers glued to it for decoration

when you paint or put special paper on the inside walls, ceiling etc of a house or building

something such as a medal that is given to someone as an official sign of honour


decorative

pretty or attractive, but not always necessary or useful


decrease

[Decrease](bold)  belongs to a group of verbs where the same noun can be the subject of the verb or its object.

You can say: They decreased the number of buses.  In this sentence, ‘the number of buses’ is the object of [decrease](bold) .

You can say: The number of buses decreased.  In this sentence, ‘the number of buses’ is the subject of [decrease](bold) .

The average rainfall has decreased by around 30 percent.

to decrease. [Go down](bold) is less formal than [decrease](bold) and is the usual word to use in conversation

Unemployment has gone down in the past few months.

to decrease – used with numbers or amounts, or about the level or standard of something

Support for the government is  steadily declining.

Union membership diminished from 30,000 at its height to just 2,000 today.

to decrease, especially by a large amount. [Fall](bold) and [drop](bold) are less formal than [decrease](bold)

The number of tigers in the wild has fallen to just over 10,000.

At night, the temperature drops to minus 20 degrees.

to suddenly decrease very quickly and by a very large amount

Share prices have plummeted 29% in the last four months.

Climate change could cause global temperatures to plummet.

if a price or value slides, it gradually decreases in a way that causes problems – used especially in news reports

The dollar fell in late trading in New York yesterday and slid further this morning.

to gradually decrease until there is very little left of something, especially numbers or amounts, popularity, or importance

if a number or the amount of an activity that is happening tapers off, it gradually decreases, especially so that it stops completely

Political violence tapered off after the elections.

Violent crime has significantly decreased over the last ten years.

During this period unemployment decreased considerably.

Aircraft collisions decreased markedly during the 1990s.

Since then, elephant numbers have been decreasing rapidly.

The survival rate decreases dramatically as the disease progresses.

Population levels actually began to slightly decrease five years ago.

The proportion of adult cigarette smokers has been steadily decreasing.

to become less or go down to a lower level, or to make something do this

The number of people who have the disease has [decreased significantly](bold) in recent years.

近年来，患这种病的人明显减少。

They want to decrease their reliance on oil.

他们想减少对石油的依赖。

Average house prices decreased by 13% last year.

去年房屋均价下降了13%。

By 1881, the population of Ireland had decreased to 5.2 million.

到1881年，爱尔兰的人口减少到了520万。

The North’s share of the world’s energy consumption is expected to decrease from 70% to 60%.

北半球发达国家在全球能源消耗中的占比预计将从70%下降到60%。

Attacks of asthma decrease in frequency through early adult life.

成年早期，哮喘的发病频率会逐渐减少。


decrease

used when the number, amount, or level of something becomes less than it used to be

There has been a significant decrease in the number of deaths from lung cancer.

used when the price, amount, or level of something is made lower

There will be further price reductions in the sales.

A small reduction in costs can mean a large increase in profits.

used when a government or company reduces the price, amount, or level of something

It is possible that there will be further job cuts.

used when the number, amount, or level of something goes down, especially by a large amount

The figures showed a sharp fall in industrial output.

There was a dramatic drop in temperature.

used when the number, amount, level, or standard of something goes down, especially gradually

During the 1970s, there was a gradual decline in the birthrate.

the process of becoming less, or the amount by which something becomes less

Teachers reported decreases in drug use and verbal abuse of teachers.

There has been a decrease of 1 degree in average temperature.


decree

an official order or decision, especially one made by the ruler of a country

〔尤指由国家统治者颁布的〕政令，法令

The Emperor [issued](bold) the [decree](bold) repealing martial law.

皇帝下诏令取消了军事管制。


decree

to make an official judgment or give an official order

The King decreed that there should be an end to the fighting.


dedicate

to give all your attention and effort to one particular thing

The actress now dedicates herself to children’s charity work.

这名女演员现在致力于儿童慈善工作。

to say at the beginning of a book or film, or before a piece of music, that it has been written, made, or performed for someone that you love or respect

to state in an official ceremony that a building will be given someone’s name in order to show respect for them

to use a place, time, money etc only for a particular purpose

The company dedicated $50,000 for the study.

该公司为此项研究拨出专款5万美金。


dedicated

someone who is dedicated works very hard at what they do because they care a lot about it

满腔热忱的，有奉献精神的

一位爱岗敬业、待人体贴的教师

她是一名坚定的社会主义者。

The Woodland Trust is dedicated to preserving our native woodland.

林区信托基金机构致力于保护我们的本土林地。

made for or used for only one particular purpose


dedication

ˌdedɪˈkeɪʃən

ˌdedɪˈkeɪʃən

hard work or effort that someone puts into a particular activity because they care about it a lot

〔对某项活动的〕奉献，全身心投入

To reach a high level of skill requires talent, dedication, and a lot of hard work.

要达到高级技术水平需要天分，还需要全身心的投入和很多的努力。

an act of dedicating something to someone, or a ceremony where this is done

the words used at the beginning of a book, film, or piece of music, thanking someone or saying that book etc has been written to show respect for them

〔书、电影或音乐作品前的〕献词


deduce

to use the knowledge and information you have in order to understand something or form an opinion about it

From her son’s age, I deduced that her husband must be at least 60.

从她儿子的年龄来推测，我想她丈夫肯定至少有60岁了。

What did Darwin deduce from the presence of these species?

达尔文从这些物种的存在推断出了什么？


deduct

[deductible](bold) adj. eg: Interest charges are [tax deductible](bold).

to take away an amount or part from a total

The payments will be deducted from your salary.

这些款项将从你的工资里扣除。


deduction

the process of using the knowledge or information you have in order to understand something or form an opinion, or the opinion that you form

Children will soon [make deductions](bold) about the meaning of a word.

儿童很快就会推断词义了。

the process of taking away an amount from a total, or the amount that is taken away

After deductions for tax etc, your salary is about £700 a month.

扣除税款等之后，你的月薪大约有700英镑。


deed

something someone does, especially something that is very good or very bad

〔尤指很好或很坏的〕行为，行动

After the morning’s [good deeds](bold) he deserved a rest.

他上午做了那些好事，理应休息一下。

She tried to strangle her baby and her lover helped her finish the [evil deed](bold).

an official paper that is a record of an agreement, especially an agreement concerning who owns property

〔尤指财产所有权的〕契约，证书

以行为（的方式），用行动

Everyone sins at some time, in thought if not in deed.

每个人都会在某些时候犯下罪过，即便不是在行动上，也会在思想上。

something kind or helpful that you do – used humorously

今天行的善事〔幽默用法〕


deem

[Deem](bold)  is not used in the progressive. You say: He deems it his duty to report the incident.
Don’t say: [He is deeming it his duty to report the incident. ](strike)

to think of something in a particular way or as having a particular quality

They deemed that he was no longer capable of managing the business.

他们认为他没有能力再管理这家企业了。

[deem sth necessary/appropriate etc](bold)

They were told to take whatever action they deemed necessary.

他们被告知可采取任何自认为必要的行动。

They were deemed to be illegal immigrants.

UK plans were deemed to infringe EU law.

英国的计划被认为触犯了欧盟法律。


deep

[comparative](italic) [deeper](bold) [superlative](italic) [deepest](bold)

going far down from the top or from the surface

〔从顶部或表面向下延伸〕深的，厚的

The castle is on an island surrounded by a deep lake.

这座城堡坐落在岛上，岛周围是一个很深的湖。

The swimming pool has a deep end and a shallow end for kids.

这个游泳池一端是深水区，一端是供小孩儿用的浅水区。

We’ll take the boat out into [deep water](bold) where we can dive.

我们要把船开到我们可以潜水的深水处去。

you use deep to say what distance something goes down from the top or surface

挖一个约12英寸深的洞。

In places, the snow was waist-deep (=deep enough to reach a person’s waist).

going far in from the outside or from the front edge of something

〔从外部或前缘往里延伸〕深的，纵深的

She was sitting in a deep leather chair.

她坐在一张座位很深的皮椅子里。

Despite the peace process, there are deep divisions in the community.

尽管启动了和平进程，社会依然存在严重分裂。

这个国家正处于严重的经济衰退中。

Evan will [be in deep trouble](bold) if he is caught.

埃文如果被抓住的话，他可就麻烦大了。

a deep breath or sigh is one in which you breathe a lot of air in or out

She stopped and took a [deep breath](bold).

a deep feeling, belief etc is very strong and sincere

〔感情等〕强烈的，深厚的；〔信念等〕笃定的

请允许我表示深切的慰问。

The letters show her deep affection for him.

这些信件显示出她对他的款款深情。

He has a deep understanding of the environment.

She gazed at him with wide deep blue eyes.

她深蓝色的大眼睛凝视着他。

important but complicated or difficult to understand

这些问题对我来说太深奥了。

There is a deep issue of principle involved.

这里涉及深刻的原则问题。

if someone is in a deep sleep, it is difficult to wake them

He lay down and [fell into](bold) a [deep sleep](bold).

thinking so hard or paying attention to something so much that you do not notice anything else that is happening around you

陷入沉思的/专注于谈话的等

a strong effect or influence that remains for a long time

What he said [made a deep impression on](bold) me.

他的话给我留下了深刻的印象。

a deep person is serious and intelligent, but is hard to know well

Henry has always been a [deep one](bold). He keeps his views to himself.

亨利总是深藏不露，把自己的想法藏在心里。

to be in a bad situation because of something you have done

to be in trouble or in a difficult or serious situation

The company is in deep water over their refusal to reduce prices.

这家公司因不肯降价而陷入困境。

a deep ball is hit, thrown, or kicked to a far part of the sports field

〔球〕长的，深的，深入后场的

to choose to do or be made to do a very difficult job without having prepared for it

〔在没有准备的情况下〕（使）做困难的事

She decided to jump in at the deep end, buy a farm, and teach herself.

她决定迎难而上，买个农场，自己摸索着干。

to become angry suddenly and violently, usually when there is not a good reason

〔一般指莫名其妙地〕勃然大怒


deep

[still waters run deep](bold) at → [still](->still) 2 sense 5

a long way into or below the surface of something

Some bones were hidden deep beneath the ground.

The tunnel led deep under the mountains.

这条隧道在山底深处穿过。

We were deep in a tropical rainforest (=far from the edge of the forest).

汤姆深深凝视着她的眼睛。

They talked deep into the night (=very late).

if you know or feel something deep down, you secretly know or feel it even though you do not admit it

He knew, deep down, that he would have to apologise.

他心里知道自己得道个歉。

if someone is good, evil etc deep down, that is what they are really like even though they usually hide it

她本质上是个宅心仁厚的人。

if things or people are two deep, three deep etc, there are two, three etc rows or layers of things or people

二排/三排等；二层/三层等

People were standing four deep at the bar.

if a feeling such as hatred or anger runs deep in someone, they feel it very strongly, especially because of something that has happened in the past

〔仇恨、愤怒等情绪〕强烈，深切

The prejudice runs deep and we need to understand the fears behind it.

偏见很深，我们要理解其背后的恐惧心理。

to be very involved in a situation, especially so that it causes you problems


deepen

if a serious situation deepens, it gets worse – used especially in news reports

〔局势、情形〕加剧，恶化〔尤用于新闻报道〕

to become stronger or greater, or to make something stronger or greater

Jeanne liked Simon as a friend but she did not want the relationship to deepen.

作为朋友珍妮很喜欢西蒙，但她不想让这种关系更进一步。

这一想法只是让他更加悲观了。

The mystery deepened (=became even more mysterious).

Students explore new ideas as they deepen their understanding (=understand more) of the subject.

随着对这门课的理解加深，学生们开始探究新的观点。

if someone’s smile or frown deepens, they smile even more or frown even more

〔笑容、皱眉等〕变深，加深

她因担忧皱起的眉头愈加紧锁。

if water deepens, or if someone deepens it, it becomes deeper

到了城外这条河就变深了。

The harbour was deepened to take bigger boats.

港口被挖深以便停泊更大的船只。

if light or a colour deepens, it becomes darker

〔光〕变暗；〔颜色〕变深

他放松下来后声音就变低沉了。

if your breathing deepens, you take more air into your lungs


deeply

used to emphasize that a belief, feeling, opinion etc is very strong, important, or sincere

她的谎言深深地伤害了我父亲。

Teachers are deeply divided on this issue.

在这个问题上教师们分歧很大。

Most doctors [think deeply](bold) about what their patients want.

大部分医生都认真考虑病人的需要。

John kept sinking more deeply into the mud.

to take a large breath of air into your lungs

to be in a deep sleep, from which it is hard to wake up


deer

a large wild animal that can run very fast, eats grass, and has horns


default

if you win a game, competition etc by default, you win it because your opponent did not play or because there were no other competitors

因对手弃权[缺席]，因轮空〔而获胜〕

if something happens by default, it happens because you did not do anything to change it

failure to pay money that you owe at the right time

The company is in default on its loan agreement.

该公司未能履行其贷款协议。

The bank can seize the asset in the event of a default in payment.

如果未按期付款，银行可以没收该项资产。

failure to do something that you are supposed to do according to the law or because it is your duty

the way in which things are arranged on a computer screen unless you decide to change them

〔计算机、软件等的〕默认状态，系统预设状态

You can change the [default settings](bold) to suit your needs.

你可以根据需要改变默认设置。

the usual and expected way in which something is done, unless you decide to do something different

This way of working seems to be the default these days.

如今，这种工作方式似乎成了常规做法。

because of the lack or absence of something

In default of any other instructions, they decided to use the same system as before.

因为没有收到其他指令，他们决定采用与过去一样的方法。


default

to fail to pay money that you owe at the right time

He defaulted on his child support payments.

to not do something that you are supposed to do, especially that you are legally supposed to do


defeat

The party suffered a defeat in the state elections.

The army inflicted a heavy defeat on the English.

If I left my job, I would be admitting defeat.

(=formally accept that you have lost in a game, election etc)

In May 1945 Germany faced defeat at the hands of the Allies.

The polls were forecasting a heavy defeat for the president.

(=a complete defeat, by a very large amount)

He quit as prime minister following a crushing defeat in regional elections.

They are still bitter about their humiliating defeat.

The party suffered a disastrous defeat in the 2006 election.

The goalkeeper was blamed for the team’s narrow defeat.

It was their worst general election defeat since 1982.

The president resigned following a series of military defeats.

Arsenal are now out of the competition, following their shock defeat by Torquay Town.

The socialist party suffered a crushing defeat in the elections.

社会党在选举中遭遇惨败。

She was a woman who hated to admit defeat.

The defeat of the army was followed by the establishment of constitutional government.

打败军队后建立了立宪政体。


defeat

to win a victory over someone in a war, competition, game etc

〔在战争、比赛等中〕战胜，打败

他们希望在海上击败敌人。

In everyday English, people usually say [beat](bold)  rather than [defeat](bold)  when talking about sport, games, or elections:

if something defeats you, you cannot understand it and therefore cannot answer or deal with it

It was the last question on the paper that defeated me.

考卷上的最后一道题把我难住了。

[defeat the object/purpose (of the exercise)](bold)

Don’t let your arms relax as that would defeat the object of the exercise.

手臂不要放松，否则达不到锻炼的目的。


defect

They have found a major defect in the program.

There are one or two minor defects on the car’s paintwork.

Doctors examined the baby and could find no physical defects.

Older buildings are bound to have some structural defects.

(=one that is passed to you in your genes)

The condition is caused by a genetic defect.

About 11% of children have birth defects.

Laura was born with a rare heart defect.

(=an incorrect way of saying certain sounds)

He had a speech defect which made it quite difficult to understand him.

Laziness was just one of his character defects.

The old system had some serious defects.

She had surgery to correct a defect in her right eye.

a fault or a lack of something that means that something or someone is not perfect

All the cars are tested for defects before they leave the factory.

所有汽车在出厂前都经过品质检验。


defect

to leave your own country or group in order to go to or join an opposing one

a Russian actor who defected to the West

一名叛逃到西方国家的俄罗斯演员


defective

not made properly, or not working properly

有问题的，有毛病的，有缺陷的

The disease is caused by a defective gene.

这种疾病是由缺陷基因引起的。


defence

(=group of soldiers, pilots etc trained to defend a country)

The country's defence forces are on standby in case of an attack.

(=a system of people, organizations etc to defend a country)

Is the national defence system adequate?

Ministers in Brussels have been discussing a possible European defence policy.

There were plans to cut defence spending by one billion pounds.

(=amount of money a government makes available for defence)

They have called for the defence budget to be increased.

(=part of the government dealing with defence)

This is secret information, known only to the Defence Department.

(=person in a government in charge of defence)

The Defence Secretary is under pressure to resign.

the act of protecting something or someone from attack

In Britain, the defence of the country has historically been left to the navy.

在英国，国防历来由海军负责。

a firm commitment to the defense of human rights

The first [line of defence](bold) is a smoke detector.

第一道防线是烟雾探测器。

something that can be used to protect something or someone from attack

该地区的防洪设施需要整修。

The immune system is the body’s defence against infection.

免疫系统是身体抵御感染的屏障。

all the systems, people, materials etc that a country uses to protect itself from attack

对国防问题进行全国性讨论的呼吁

all the armies, weapons, structures etc that are available to defend a place

〔某地的〕防御，防卫力量

The invading army easily overcame the town’s defences.

侵略军轻而易举地突破了该镇的防御。

something that you say or do in order to support someone or something that is being criticized

Jean wrote a letter to the paper in Angela’s defense.

琼写了封信到报社为安杰拉辩护。

为民族主义所作的哲学辩护

Evelyn Waugh came to Wilson’s defence and acknowledged the brilliance of the book’s themes.

伊夫林·沃站出来为威尔逊辩护，认为这部书的主题非同凡响。

the things that are said in a court of law to prove that someone is not guilty of a crime

〔法庭中的〕辩护，辩词，答辩

Major has a good defence and believes he will win the case.

梅杰的辩词很有说服力，他相信能够打赢这场官司。

all the lawyers who try to prove in a court of law that someone is not guilty of a crime

something you do or a way of behaving that prevents you from seeming weak or being hurt by others

Liz dropped her defences and began to relax.

利兹放下防备心理，开始放松了。

the players on a sports team whose main job is to try to prevent the other team from getting points


defend

to say something to support an idea or person when other people are criticizing them

The mayor defended the action, saying that it was the best option.

to strongly defend someone who is being criticized, or strongly defend your ideas or your rights

My grandfather would always stand up for what was right.

I don't want him fighting, but I do want him to stand up for himself.

to strongly defend someone who is being criticized, especially when no one else will defend them

The other kids tease her, but Sarah often sticks up for her.

to say something to defend someone who is being criticized

Aitken's colleagues quickly came to his defence.

to do something in order to protect someone or something from being attacked

the need to defend democracy against fascism

advice on how women can defend themselves from sex attackers

有关妇女如何保护自己免受性侵犯的建议

We need to defend against military aggression.

to use arguments to protect something or someone from criticism, or to prove that something is right

为 …辩护，为 …辩白，为 …辩解

She was always defending her husband in front of their daughter.

她在女儿面前总是为丈夫辩解。

Students should be ready to explain and defend their views.

学生应该能够解释并捍卫自己的观点。

He defended his wife against rumours and allegations.

针对谣言和指控，他为妻子进行了辩护。

Cooper wrote to the journal immediately, defending himself.

库珀立刻给那份刊物写信，为自己辩护。

In everyday English, people usually say [stand up for](bold)  someone rather than [defend](bold)  someone:

She was the only person who [stood up for](bold) me at the meeting.

to do something in order to stop something from being taken away or in order to make it possible for something to continue

the workers’ attempts to [defend](bold) their [interests](bold)

工人们为维护自己利益所作的努力

We are [defending](bold) the [right](bold) to demonstrate.

to protect your own team’s end of the field in a game such as football, in order to prevent your opponents from getting points

Bournemouth defended well throughout the game.

伯恩茅斯队在整场比赛中防守得很出色。

to take part in a competition that you won the last time it was held, and try to win it again

争取卫冕[保住]〔头衔等〕

The world champion was [defending](bold) his [title](bold).

这位世界冠军在争取卫冕。

He is defending a Labour majority of 5,000.

他想把工党5,000票的多数局面保持下去。

to be a lawyer for someone who has been charged with a crime

〔律师〕辩护，为〔被告〕辩护

他有最优秀的律师为他辩护。

Howard, defending, said Thompson had been drinking heavily.

霍华德在辩护时表示，汤普森当时喝了很多酒。


defender

one of the players in a game such as football who has to defend their team’s goal from the opposing team

It’s his fourth season as an Arsenal defender.

这是他成为阿森纳队后卫之后踢的第四个赛季。

someone who defends a particular idea, belief, person etc

He presented himself as a defender of democracy.


defensive

used or intended to protect someone or something against attack

The prince drew up his forces in a strong defensive position.

亲王将部队布成坚固的防御阵势。

The rockets are a purely [defensive measure](bold) against nuclear attack.

这些火箭弹纯粹是针对核攻击的防御性措施。

behaving in a way that shows you think someone is criticizing you even if they are not

戒备的，自卫的，有戒心的

She despised herself for sounding so defensive.

她因自己话里话外充满戒备而讨厌自己。

relating to stopping the other team from getting points in a game


defensive

behaving in a way that shows that you think that someone is criticizing you even if they are not

处于戒备状态（的），存有戒心（的）

In his presence, she was constantly on the defensive.

在他面前她总是步步为营。

if you put someone on the defensive in an argument, you attack them so that they are in a weaker position

an issue that put the White House on the defensive


defer

[past tense and past participle](italic) [deferred](bold) [present participle](italic) [deferring](bold)

Further discussion on the proposal will be deferred until April.

对此提案的进一步讨论将推迟到4月份。

The committee [deferred](bold) their [decision](bold).


defiance

behaviour that shows you refuse to do what someone tells you to do, especially because you do not respect them

Running away was an act of defiance against his parents.

离家出走是他对父母的反抗。

Many people were drinking in the streets, in flagrant defiance of the ban.

许多人在街上喝酒，公然违抗禁令。


deficiency

a deficiency of safe play areas for children

安全的儿童游戏场地的缺乏

Some elderly people suffer from iron deficiency in their diet.

一些老人日常饮食中缺铁。

There are deep deficiencies in this law.


deficit

The recession left the Government with a massive deficit.

Congress must slash federal spending to curb a growing deficit.

Last year there was a budget deficit of US $70,000,000.

(=the difference between the amount of goods a country imports and the amount it exports)

Last year the country had its largest trade deficit in recent history.

We had a trade deficit of more than $4 billion.

Friday's trade figures showed a £10 billion deficit.

The party is facing a deficit of £1.3million for this year, so it must find ways of cutting its costs.

We must drastically cut our budget deficit to sustain economic growth.

His proposals have so far failed to eliminate the deficit.

the difference between the amount of something that you have and the higher amount that you need

逆差，亏损，赤字，不足额

the country’s widening [budget deficit](bold)

这个国家日益扩大的预算赤字

Many countries have a big deficit in food supply.

许多国家食物供应严重不足。

The US balance of payments was in deficit.

美国的国际收支平衡出现逆差。


define

to describe something correctly and thoroughly, and to say what standards, limits, qualities etc it has that make it different from other things

The duties of the post are difficult to define.

这一职位的职责很难界定。

The tasks will be clearly defined by the tutor.

70% of the workers can be defined as low-paid.

70%的工人可以被划定为低收入者。

to explain exactly the meaning of a particular word or idea

I’ll now try to define the term ‘popular culture’.

我现在来试试给“通俗文化”这个词下定义。

A budget is defined as ‘a plan of action expressed in money terms’.

“预算”的定义是“以钱来表述的行动计划”。

Define precisely what you mean by ‘crime’.

把你说的“犯罪”明确定义一下。

to show the edge or shape of something clearly

标明 …的界限，明确显示 …的轮廓

The bird has [sharply defined](bold) black and rust markings.

这只鸟长有颜色分明的黑色和铁锈色斑点。


definite

→see THESAURUS at [certain](->certain) 1

It’s impossible for me to give you a definite answer.

我不可能给你明确的答复。

We need to record sufficient data to enable definite conclusions to be reached.

我们需要记录足够的数据，才能得出明确的结论。

He’d shown definite signs of resigning himself to the situation.

他明显表现出安于这种状况的样子。

a definite arrangement, promise etc will happen in the way that someone has said

〔安排、许诺等〕确切的，确定的

Fix a definite date for the delivery of your computer.

确定一个电脑交付的确切日期。

saying something very firmly so that people understand exactly what you mean

She’s not definite about retiring from the game.

她没有明确说是否退出比赛。


definitely

‘Do you reckon Margot will be there?’ ‘[Definitely not](bold).’

“你认为玛戈会在那里吗？” “肯定不会。”

The hotel fitness centre is definitely worth a visit.

这家酒店的健身中心绝对值得一去。


definition

The head teacher gave us a precise definition of the school’s aims.

This is a very broad definition of what poetry is.

Some psychiatrists still use a very narrow definition of mental illness.

Some doctors don’t accept the dictionary definition of euthanasia, and want to create different categories of assisted death.

What is the legal definition of manslaughter?

Can you give me a definition of 'psychology'?

The new law has broadened the definition of terrorism.

a phrase or sentence that says exactly what a word, phrase, or idea means

There are many definitions of the word ‘feminism’.

“女权主义”一词有许多定义。

if something has a particular quality by definition, it must have that quality because all things of that type have it

People say that students are by definition idealistic and impatient.

人们说学生在本性上是理想主义的、躁动不安的。

the clear edges, shapes, or sound that something has

technologies such as high definition television


definitive

a definitive book, description etc is considered to be the best and cannot be improved

the definitive study of Victorian railway stations

对维多利亚时代火车站最权威的研究

a definitive agreement, statement etc is one that will not be changed

〔协议、声明等〕最终的，确定的

a definitive agreement to buy the company


deflect

if someone or something deflects something that is moving, or if it deflects, it turns in a different direction

He [deflected](bold) the [blow](bold) with his forearm.

to do something to stop people paying attention to you, criticizing you etc

转移，引开〔注意、批评等〕

his attempts to [deflect attention](bold) away from his private life

他想把注意力从其私生活上引开的努力

The committee is seeking to [deflect criticism](bold) by blaming me.

委员会试图通过指责我来转移批评的矛头。

to take someone’s attention away from something

Nothing can deflect me from reaching my goal.

没有什么能够阻碍我实现目标。


defy

[past tense and past participle](italic) [defied](bold) [present participle](italic) [defying](bold) [third person singular](italic) [defies](bold)

to refuse to obey a law or rule, or refuse to do what someone in authority tells you to do

违抗〔法律或规则〕；拒不服从〔有权威者〕

to be almost impossible to describe or understand

简直无法描述/分析/相信等

The beauty of the scene defies description.

to not happen according to the principles you would expect

a 16-week premature baby who defied the odds and survived

奇迹般活下来的16周早产儿

used when you ask someone to do something that you think is impossible

我倒要看某人能否做成某事

我倒要看看哪一位能提出反证。


degree

Mature students are more likely to get a good degree.

For many jobs you need to have a university degree.

(=the level at which you pass a degree at a British university)

(=a British university degree that is above pass level)

The ideal candidate will have an honours degree.

First degrees usually take three or four years.

(=one that you take after a first degree)

He was offered a grant for a postgraduate degree.

(=a higher degree for which you study for one or two years)

The government is encouraging more people to get a science degree.

She has an arts degree from Sussex University.

a joint degree in Economics and Statistics

(=a higher degree for which you do your own research)

You will earn more if you have a college degree.

The ideal candidate will hold a degree in physical chemistry.

Not enough students are taking degrees in Physics.

At the end of the three years, he was awarded a first-class honours degree.

I didn't enjoy the first year of my degree course.

Candidates should be educated to degree level.

a unit for measuring temperature. It can be shown as a symbol after a number. For example, 70° means 70 degrees

[20 degrees Celsius/70 degrees Fahrenheit/1 degree Centigrade etc](bold)

The temperature dropped to five degrees Centigrade.

a unit for measuring the size of an angle. It can be shown as a symbol after a number. For example, 18° means 18 degrees

度，度数〔角的量度单位〕

Then the cylinder is rotated 180 degrees.

然后圆柱体被旋转了180度。

1960s Britain was characterised by a greater degree of freedom than before.

20世纪60年代英国的特点是相比以前有了更大的自由度。

Newspapers vary in [the degree to which](bold) they emphasize propaganda rather than information.

报纸在宣传和信息上的侧重程度各不相同。

(also: [to some degree/to a certain degree](bold) )

To a degree, it is possible to educate oneself.

从某种程度上讲，自学是可能的。

We’re all willing to support him to some degree.

我们都愿意给他一定的支持。

a course of study at a university or college, or the qualification that is given to you when you have successfully completed the course

〔大学的〕学位课程；学位

Applicants must [have a degree](bold) in Engineering.

申请人必须有工程学学位。

By degrees, he forced himself into a sitting position.


delay

There was a slight delay in the departure of the plane.

Patients often face long delays in getting the treatment they need.

After a considerable delay, the report was finally published.

A train had broken down, causing a two-hour delay.

The roadworks are likely to cause serious traffic delays.

Unfortunately flight delays do sometimes occur.

The bad weather caused a three-hour delay in sending out rescue helicopters.

People are experiencing considerable delays in receiving their mail.

Commuters face long delays as a result of the rail strikes.

The new rules should reduce delays in bringing prisoners to trial.

After a series of delays and setbacks, the project was finally approved.

when someone or something has to wait, or the length of the waiting time

韦弗先生，很抱歉耽搁了一些时间。

Why was there a delay in warning the public?

为什么不及时向公众发出警告？

Long delays are expected on the motorways.

高速公路上估计会有长时间的耽搁。

when something does not happen or start when it should do

推迟〔指某事没有按时发生或开始〕

They must restore normal services without delay.

他们必须马上恢复正常服务。

There can be no excuse for any [further delay](bold).


delay

to wait until a later time to do something

He decided to delay his decision until he had seen the full report.

to change an event to a later time or date

to delay doing something. [Put off](bold) is less formal than [delay](bold) or [postpone](bold), and is the usual phrase to use in everyday English

I used to put off making difficult decisions.

The game has been put off till next week.

to delay doing something, especially while you are waiting for more information or for something else to happen

House buyers seem to be holding off until interest rates drop.

to delay doing something until a later date, usually because something else needs to happen first

The decision had been deferred until after a meeting of the directors.

She decided to defer her university application for a year so that she could go travelling.

to delay doing something that you ought to do

Don’t procrastinate – make a start on your assignments as soon as you get them.

Don’t delay – send off for the information now.

别拖延——即刻去函索取信息。——即刻去函索取信息。

He [delayed](bold) his [decision](bold) on whether to call an election.

在是否宣布举行选举一事上，他推迟作出决定。

The opening of this section of the road is delayed until September.

这一路段推迟到9月份开通。

Our meeting was delayed for ten minutes.

我们的会议推迟了十分钟。

Big companies often delay paying their bills.

大公司常常会拖延支付账单。

The flight was badly delayed because of fog.


delegate

someone who has been elected or chosen to speak, vote, or take decisions for a group

Around 350 delegates attended the conference.

大约有350名代表参加了大会。


delegate

to give part of your power or work to someone in a lower position than you

〔向下级〕授（权），委托（权限），下放（权力）

一个好的经理知道何时该放权。

It takes experience to judge correctly how much power should be delegated.

应该下放多少权力需要靠经验来准确判断。

Minor tasks should be delegated to your assistant.

次要的工作应交给你的助手去做。

to choose someone to do a particular job, or to be a representative of a group, organization etc

委派〔某人〕做〔某项工作〕；委任〔某人〕为代表

I was delegated to find a suitable conference venue.

我受命去找一个合适的会场。


delegation

ˌdeləˈɡeɪʃən

ˌdeləˈɡeɪʃən

a group of people who represent a company, organization etc

the head of the American delegation to the United Nations

一个贸易代表团将访问科威特。

the process of giving power or work to someone else so that they are responsible for part of what you normally do


delete

to remove something that has been written down or stored in a computer

I think you should delete the second paragraph.

You can delete any files that are no longer required.

to remove a section from a piece of writing or a film

You’ll have to cut some of your essay if it’s over 1,500 words.

A couple of scenes had to be cut because they were too violent.

to draw a line through a word to show that it was a mistake or that you want to change what you have written

If you make a mistake in the exam, just cross it out.

I’ve crossed out the names of people who can’t come.

to remove writing or pictures from paper with a rubber, or from a board with a cloth

Use a pencil so you can rub out your mistakes.

I had to rub the whole thing out and start again.

to remove sounds or pictures that have been recorded on a machine

You can erase the tape or record over it.

Somehow all my photographs had been erased.

他的名字从名单上删掉了。


deliberate

a [deliberate attempt](bold) to humiliate her

对他的袭击完全是有预谋的。

deliberate speech, thought, or movement is slow and careful

〔讲话、思想或行动〕沉着的，从容不迫的

He approached her with slow, deliberate steps.

他迈着缓慢、从容的步子向她走去。


deliberate

The jury deliberated for four days before acquitting him.

陪审团斟酌了四天之后裁断他无罪。

There was silence while she deliberated on his words.

她掂量着他的话，四周一片沉默。


deliberately

if you do something deliberately, you do it because you want to

deliberately, especially in order to annoy someone or get an advantage for yourself

I didn’t push her on purpose; it was an accident.

deliberately, especially in order to have a particular result or effect

Very few teenagers become pregnant intentionally.

done after thinking carefully about what you are doing, especially because you know what the results of your actions might be

Parents pass their values to their children, though not always consciously.

if you knowingly do something wrong or illegal, you do it even though you know it is wrong

FBI agents arrested Dillon for ‘knowingly making a false statement on a passport application’.

done in a way that is intended or planned

〔做事、说话〕慎重地，从容不迫地，不慌不忙地

He shook his head slowly and deliberately.


delicate

needing to be dealt with carefully or sensitively in order to avoid problems or failure

→see THESAURUS at [difficult](->difficult)

There’s something I have to speak to you about – it’s a [delicate matter](bold).

我有件事要跟你讲——是一件需要谨慎处理的事。

The sun can easily damage a child’s [delicate skin](bold).

阳光很容易晒伤小孩儿娇嫩的皮肤。

someone who is delicate is hurt easily or easily becomes ill

〔人〕娇气的，娇弱的，体弱多病的

→see THESAURUS at [ill](->ill) 1   →see THESAURUS at [weak](->weak)

a part of the body that is delicate is attractive and graceful

〔身体部位〕优美的，优雅的

Her wrists and ankles were slim and delicate.

她的手腕和脚踝纤巧而优雅。

made skilfully and with attention to the smallest details

a plate with a delicate pattern of leaves

a taste, smell, or colour that is delicate is pleasant and not strong

这酒没有甜味，且味道清淡。


delicious

[deliciously](bold) adv. eg: deliciously spicy meat

something that is delicious  tastes very good, and you enjoy eating or drinking it

The apple pie is delicious with vanilla ice cream.

food that is tasty  has a strong taste that you like

She makes a really tasty dish with chicken and rice.

succulent food contains a lot of juice and tastes good – used especially about fruit, vegetables, or meat

food that looks or smells appetizing  makes you feel that you want to eat it

The soup didn’t look very appetizing but it tasted delicious.

food that is mouth-watering  smells or looks delicious, especially in a way that persuades you to buy or eat it

The waiter came round with a tray of mouth-watering cream cakes.

having a strong pleasant taste – used especially in written descriptions

tasting very good – used about food, not about drinks

‘The meal was absolutely delicious,’ she said politely.

“这顿饭味道好极了。”她礼貌地说道。


delight

It gave her great delight to tease him about his various girlfriends.

She opened the present and laughed with sheer delight.

Spencer was staring at the girl with obvious delight.

He took delight in entertaining guests in his apartment.

Lucy suddenly saw the sea and screamed with delight.

‘That’s a brilliant idea’! she said, laughing with delight.

His suggestion was greeted with delight.

It’s a beautiful park and a source of delight to most visitors.

(=used to say that something gave someone a lot of pleasure)

The princess stopped to talk to people, much to the delight of the crowd.

a feeling of great pleasure and satisfaction

→see THESAURUS at [pleasure](->pleasure)

To the delight of his proud parents, he has made a full recovery.

他完全康复了，他的父母因此又高兴又自豪。

她欣喜地倒抽了一小口气。

something that makes you feel very happy or satisfied

a chance to sample the delights of nearby Vienna

去附近的维也纳体验各种乐趣的机会

It was a delight to see him so fit and healthy.

看到他身体这么强壮健康，真让人高兴。

to enjoy something very much, especially something you should not do

以（做）某事为乐〔尤指做不该做的事〕

Chris takes great delight in teasing his sister.


delight

to give someone great satisfaction and enjoyment

Her fabulous recipes will delight anyone who loves chocolate.

她那些绝妙的配方将使每一个爱吃巧克力的人感到愉悦。

He is delighting audiences with his wit and humour.

他在用自己的智慧和幽默娱乐观众。


delighted

[Delighted](bold)  is not used with ‘very’. You say: I’m absolutely delighted.
Don’t say: [I’m very delighted.](strike)

I’m delighted that we have settled the matter.

我很高兴我们把这事解决了。

她对自己的新家感到满意。

Her screams of delighted laughter filled the air.

她喜悦的尖叫声在空中荡漾。


delightful

[delightfully](bold) adv. eg: a movie that’s full of delightfully comic moments


deliver

to take goods, letters, packages etc to a particular place or person

The morning mail has just been delivered.

They set off to deliver supplies to an isolated village.

他们出发把物资运送到一座偏僻的村庄。

I’m [having](bold) some flowers [delivered](bold) for her birthday.

我在安排人给她送花祝贺生日。

The king delivered a televised speech to the nation on November 5.

国王在11月5日向全国发表了电视讲话。

In everyday English, people usually say [give a speech/lecture/talk](bold)  rather than [deliver a speech/lecture/talk](bold) .

to do or provide the things you are expected to, because you are responsible for them or they are part of your job

the costs of delivering adequate nursing care

the failure of some services to [deliver the goods](bold)(=do what they have promised)

一些服务机构未能按承诺提供服务

The company will [deliver on its promises](bold).

to help a woman give birth to her baby, or to give birth to a baby

They rushed her to hospital where doctors delivered her baby.

他们急速将她送到医院，让医生给她接生。

to give something such as a blow, shock, or warning to someone or something

给予〔打击、震惊或警告〕

He delivered a strong warning about the dangers facing the government.

他就政府所面临的危险发出了强烈警告。

to officially state a formal decision or judgment

The jury delivered a verdict of unlawful killing.

陪审团宣布了非法杀害的裁断。

to put someone into someone else’s control

Sharett had betrayed him and delivered him to the enemy.

沙雷特出卖了他，把他交给了敌人。

to get the votes or support of a particular group of people in an election

〔在竞选中〕得到〔投票或支持〕

他得不到拉美裔选民的票。

to help someone escape from something bad or evil

“救我们脱离邪恶吧。”她祈祷道。


delivery

We offer free delivery anywhere in the UK.

Delivery is free for purchases over £20.

(=that delivers mail and packages very quickly)

A brown package arrived by special delivery.

You have to pay extra for next-day delivery.

(=when a record is kept of posting and safe delivery)

I’d better send my passport by recorded delivery.

The strike stopped mail deliveries to 20,000 homes and businesses.

(=a parcel that someone delivers to you)

I’m expecting a parcel delivery later today.

I gave the kids some money for a pizza delivery.

The normal delivery time is 7 – 10 days after you place your order.

We try to maintain a high standard of delivery service to our customers.

(=an amount of money you pay for delivery)

There’s no delivery charge on goods over £20.

(=piece of paper showing the details of your order)

A delivery note is sent along with the goods.

Just then a delivery truck stopped outside.

He got a job as a delivery man for a hardware store.

We usually do the deliveries in the morning.

I’m afraid we don’t make deliveries on Saturdays.

We offer free, next-day delivery on all orders.

We've just had a delivery of tiles from Italy.

Someone must be at home to accept the delivery.

The airline has just taken delivery of three new passenger jets.

the act of bringing goods, letters etc to a particular person or place, or the things that are brought

Most Indian restaurants offer free delivery.

大多数印度餐馆提供免费外送服务。

You can expect delivery in a week to ten days.

你可以在一周至十天内收到货物。

on delivery (=when something is delivered)

The restaurant pays [cash on delivery](bold) for fish, which the local fishermen like.

这家饭店买鱼采用货到付款的方式，受到当地渔民的欢迎。

to officially accept something large that you have bought

提取〔所购买的大型商品〕

We expect to take delivery of the aircraft sometime in June.

我们预期6月份的某个时候接收这架飞机。

豪厄尔太太的分娩很顺利。

Liz was taken to the [delivery room](bold)(=a room in a hospital for births) immediately.

the way in which someone speaks in public

〔在公共场合的〕讲话方式，演说风格

你还得在演说技巧上下功夫。


demand

Recently the demand for new cars has been relatively low.

There’s always a big demand for photographs of celebrities.

There is a huge demand for business software and services.

One of the problems is the growing demand for housing.

Consumer demand for new technology is strong.

(=supply as much as people need or want)

There are reports that the company cannot produce enough to meet demand.

Public funding for higher education has not kept up with demand.

The existing services were not capable of coping with the demand for advice.

A very hard winter boosted the demand for natural gas.

Higher interest rates reduce the demand for credit.

Demand for energy has continued to rise.

Demand for the products has fallen in the last six months.

Fuel-efficient cars are now much in demand.

(=more is available than people need or want)

In the 1980s, the supply of grain far exceeded the demand.

Many factories closed through lack of demand.

There’s often a surge in demand for the Internet at the weekend.

the need or desire that people have for particular goods and services

Production is increasing faster than demand.

作为演讲者，他始终受到欢迎。

→ [supply and demand](->supply and demand)

a very firm request for something that you believe you have the right to get

demonstrations in support of the nationalists’ demands

声援民族主义者要求的示威

the difficult, annoying, or tiring things that you need to do, or a skill you need to have

要求〔指需要做的困难事情或需要掌握的技能〕

The curriculum [makes](bold) great [demands](bold) on the teacher.

这门课程对教师提出了很高的要求。

There are [heavy demands](bold) on people’s time these days.

如今，人们的时间都很紧。

[place/put demands on/upon sb/sth](bold)

the increased demands placed on police officers

when a lot of people have asked for something to be done, performed etc

[by/due to popular demand](bold)(=because of popular demand)

The exhibition will run for an extra week, due to popular demand.

应公众要求，这次展览将延长一周。

Should you feed your baby on demand, or stick to a timetable?

给宝宝喂食应该按需还是按时？


demand

You [demand](bold)  something: I demand an explanation!

You [demand to do](bold)  something: She demanded to see the manager.

In everyday English, you [demand that](bold)  someone [does](bold)  something: I demand that he apologizes.

In formal English, you [demand that](bold)  someone [do](bold)  something, using the base form of the verb (= the infinitive without ‘to’) : His opponents are demanding that he resign.
Don’t say: [demand someone to do something](strike)

You use the base form of the verb when talking about the past: They demanded that he [resign](bold).  In everyday English, people also say: They demanded that he [resigned](bold).

You [demand that](bold)  someone [should do](bold)  something: His opponents demanded that he should resign.  This pattern is often used in the past, when reporting what someone has demanded.

to ask for something very firmly, especially because you think you have a right to do this

〔坚决〕要求〔尤因认为有权这么做〕

→see THESAURUS at [ask](->ask) 1   →see THESAURUS at [insist](->insist)

Angry demonstrators demanded the resignation of two senior officials.

愤怒的示威者要求两名高级官员辞职。

我要求知道发生了什么事情。

They demanded that the military government free all political prisoners.

他们要求军政府释放所有政治犯。

It seemed that no matter what she did, more was demanded of her.

好像无论她做什么，都会有更多的要求等着她。

‘Where are you going?’ she demanded angrily.

“你要去哪里？”她气愤地质问道。

if one thing demands another, it needs that thing in order to happen or be done successfully

Too many things [demanded](bold) his [attention](bold) at the same time.

太多事情同时需要他的关注。

It’s a desperate situation demanding a desperate remedy.

情况危急，需要背水一战。


demanding

needing a lot of ability, effort, or skill

要求高的；费力的；需要技能的

expecting a lot of attention or expecting to have things exactly the way you want them, especially in a way that is not fair

〔人〕要求严格的；〔尤指〕苛求的，要求过高的

Her mother could be very demanding at times.


demise

〔曾经存在的事物的〕终止，结束，消亡

the [imminent demise](bold)(=happening soon) of the local newspaper

the mystery surrounding Elena’s [untimely demise](bold)(=when death happens sooner than is normal or expected)


democracy

It is one of the few countries in the area that is a true multiparty democracy.

The sanctions are supported by all the major Western democracies.

They are facing many of the same problems that all new democracies experience.

the emerging democracies of Eastern Europe

a system of government in which every citizen in the country can vote to elect its government officials

→see THESAURUS at [government](->government)

a return to democracy after 16 years of military rule

16年军政府统治后民主制度的恢复

a country that has a government which has been elected by the people of the country

a situation or system in which everyone is equal and has the right to vote, make decisions etc

〔组织等中的〕民主，民主作风


democratic

[democratically](bold) /-kli/  adv. eg: democratically elected councils

controlled by representatives who are elected by the people of a country

〔政府等〕民主的，民主政体的

the role of the media in the [democratic process](bold)

organized according to the principle that everyone has a right to be involved in making decisions

organized according to the principle that everyone in a society is equally important, no matter how much money they have or what social class they come from

按民主原则组织的，体现民主的，平等的

belonging to or supporting the Democratic Party of the US

〔美国〕民主党的，支持民主党的

the Democratic nominee for the presidency


demographic

ˌdeməˈɡræfɪk◂

ˌdeməˈɡræfɪk◂

relating to the population and groups of people in it

Demographic trends show that there are rising numbers of old people.

人口统计趋势显示老龄人口数量增加。


demographic

information about a group such as the people who live in a particular area

人口统计数据，人口统计资料

the demographics of a newspaper’s readership

a part of the population that is considered as a group, especially by advertisers who want to sell things to that group

群体，人群〔尤指广告商的推销对象〕


demolish

The entire east wing of the building was demolished in the fire.

大楼的整个东翼都被大火烧毁了。

to prove that an idea or opinion is completely wrong

他几分钟内就把我的论点驳倒了。

These ants can demolish large areas of forest.

这些蚂蚁会彻底毁掉大片大片的森林。

迈阿密队以46比3大败得克萨斯队。

他狼吞虎咽地吃掉了第二份馅饼。


demolition

〔建筑物的〕拆毁，毁掉，拆除

Consent is required for the demolition of any building.

拆毁任何建筑物都需要获得许可。

Demolition work has already begun at the site.

50,000 fans watched the 7-0 demolition of Dynamo Kiev.

五万粉丝目睹了基辅迪纳摩队以0比7惨败。

a process in which something is ended or ruined completely

The policies are intended to halt the demolition of the rural economy.

这些政策旨在阻止农村经济全面崩盘。

the act of proving that an idea, opinion etc is wrong

〔对某个观点的〕推翻，驳倒

This is a legend that deserves demolition.


demon

He was speeding down the motorway as if pursued by a demon.

他在高速公路上飞速行驶，就像有魔鬼在追赶他似的。

something that makes you anxious and causes you problems

She struggled with her husband’s demons of addiction and alcoholism.

她努力应对丈夫的吸毒、酗酒问题。

someone who is very good at something – often used humorously

好手，高手〔常为幽默用法〕

含酒精的饮料〔常为幽默用法〕


demonstrate

The study demonstrates the link between poverty and malnutrition.

这项研究证明了贫困与营养不良之间的联系。

Hitchcock’s films demonstrate that a British filmmaker could learn from Hollywood.

This section will attempt to demonstrate how the Bank of England operates.

这一部分将试图说明英格兰银行是如何运作的。

The government now has an opportunity to [demonstrate](bold) its [commitment](bold) to reform.

政府现在有机会展示其改革的决心了。

to show or describe how to do something or how something works

→see THESAURUS at [explain](->explain)   →see THESAURUS at [show](->show) 1

They’ll be demonstrating how to handle modern, high performance cars.

他们将演示如何驾驶现代化的高性能汽车。

Instructors should demonstrate new movements before letting the class try them.

教练应该先示范新的动作，然后再让全班学员去做。

to protest or support something in public with a lot of other people

Supporters demonstrated outside the courtroom during the trial.

审判期间，支持者们在法庭外示威。

to show that you have a particular ability, quality, or feeling

展示，表露出〔某种能力、品质或感情〕

He has demonstrated an ability to meet deadlines.

他展示了如期完成任务的能力。


demonstration

In April, students began holding demonstrations to demand more freedom.

A large demonstration was organized by the opposition.

also: participate in a demonstration (formal)

As many as 400,000 people took part in the demonstration.

I've never been on a demonstration before.

They were prevented by police from joining the demonstration.

Police moved in to break up the demonstration.

The incident sparked a demonstration of 2,000 people.

Violent street demonstrations took place in the capital.

Opponents of the new law are planning a big demonstration next week.

a series of massive demonstrations against the war

(=involving a very large number of people)

There have been mass demonstrations in some American cities.

Everyone has the right to take part in peaceful demonstrations.

Nine people have been killed during violent demonstrations.

A street demonstration completely blocked the centre of the city.

In France, student demonstrations were disrupting university teaching.

A series of public demonstrations have been held in cities across the country.

(=in which people protest against something)

The price increases were met by a series of strikes and protest demonstrations.

(=to protest about the government or a political policy)

She was arrested twice for her part in political demonstrations.

an anti-government/pro-democracy etc demonstration

There have been further violent anti-government demonstrations this week.

public demonstrations in support of the rebels

There were demonstrations in protest at the food shortages.

an event at which a large group of people meet to protest or to support something in public

Supporters staged a demonstration outside the US embassy.

支持者在美国大使馆外举行了示威。

Police opened fire on a peaceful demonstration.

警察朝和平示威的人群开了枪。

a demonstration against the government’s educational policies

an act of explaining and showing how to do something or how something works

He [gave](bold) a practical [demonstration](bold) of the boat’s military potential.

他通过实际操作演示了这艘小艇的军事潜能。

an action that proves that someone or something has a particular ability, quality, or feeling

〔能力、品质或感情的〕表示，表露

The high level of calls is a [clear demonstration of](bold) the need for this service.

大量的来电明确地表示了对这种服务的需求。


demonstrator

someone who takes part in a demonstration

someone who shows people how to do something or how something works


denial

When the accusation was made, it met with a strong denial.

The report led to vehement denials from the minister involved.

(=saying very definitely that something is not true)

Her categorical denial conflicted with the evidence.

There were angry denials of corruption in the police force.

The Army has consistently issued official denials of involvement.

(=deny something publicly or officially)

Immediately the government issued a denial of the rumours.

He made no public denial of the allegations against him.

a statement saying that something is not true

The government [issued](bold) an [official denial](bold) of the rumour.

政府发表了正式声明，否认这一谣言。

denials that border security had not been strict enough

对边境安全措施不够严格的否认

when someone refuses to allow someone else to have or to do something

protests against the denial of human rights

a condition in which you refuse to admit or believe that something bad exists or has happened

〔对坏事的〕拒绝承认，不肯相信

His girlfriend is in denial, and refuses to admit that he will soon die.

他的女友不肯接受事实，拒不相信他很快就要死了。


denote

[denotation](bold) /ˌdiːnəʊˈteɪʃ/ US /-noʊ-/  n. <C>

What does the word ‘curriculum’ denote that ‘course’ does not?


denounce

to express strong disapproval of someone or something, especially in public

Amnesty International denounced the failure by the authorities to take action.

to give information to the police or another authority about someone’s illegal political activities

告发，检举，举报〔某人的非法政治活动〕


dense

[densely](bold) adv. eg: a [densely populated](bold) area

Their helicopter could not land because of the dense jungle.

(=plants, bushes etc growing around and under trees)

The bird is found mainly in woodland where there is dense undergrowth.

The land around here is covered with dense vegetation.

steep-sided mountains with a dense covering of trees

The country is served by a dense network of roads.

(=a lot of people living close together)

Britain has a particular problem because of dense population.

made of or containing a lot of things or people that are very close together

A narrow track wound steeply up through dense forest.

一条狭窄陡峭的小道穿过茂密的森林蜿蜒而上。

Am I being dense? I don’t quite understand.

是我太笨了吗？我不太明白。

a dense piece of writing is difficult to understand because it contains a lot of information or uses complicated language

〔文章等因信息量大或语言复杂而〕难懂的

a substance that is dense has a lot of mass in relation to its size

Water is eight hundred times denser than air.


density

the degree to which an area is filled with people or things

areas of high [population density](bold)

the relationship between the mass of something and its size


dental

在60年代，牙齿护理是免费的。


dentist

someone whose job is to treat people’s teeth

I’ve made an appointment with the dentist.

She always dreaded a visit to the dentist.

a dentist who has special training to operate on people’s teeth

a dentist who makes teeth straight when they have not been growing correctly

someone who is specially trained to help a dentist by cleaning teeth and giving advice about how to keep teeth healthy

Ask your dental hygienist for advice on using floss.

[the dentist/the dentist’s](bold)(=the place where a dentist works)

I’m [going to the dentist](bold) this afternoon.