move

move along
move around
move away
move down
move in
move off
move on
move out
move over
move up

[move the goalposts](bold) at → [goalpost](->goalpost) sense 2 [move in for the kill](bold) at → [kill](->kill) 2 sense 2 [move heaven and earth](bold) at → [heaven](->heaven) sense 9 [when the spirit moves you](bold) at → [spirit](->spirit) 1 sense 15

[Move](bold)  belongs to a group of verbs where the same noun can be the subject of the verb or its object.

You can say: They moved the store to bigger premises.  In this sentence, ‘the store’ is the object of [move](bold) .

You can say: The store moved to bigger premises.  In this sentence, ‘the store’ is the subject of [move](bold) .

to go to a different place, or change the position of your body

Every time I move I get a pain in my left shoulder.

to move slowly from one side to the other

Donny swayed drunkenly as he walked back to his car.

to move repeatedly from one side to another, with small gentle movements

He rocked backward and forward in his chair.

The boat rocked from side to side with the waves.

The bike wobbled a bit, but she soon got it under control.

to keep moving or playing with your fingers, hands, feet etc, because you are bored or nervous

Diana fidgeted nervously with her pencil.

to make very small movements from side to side with your body, especially because you feel uncomfortable

By the end of the hour, most of the children were squirming in their seats.

to make small movements from side to side, especially in order to get into or out of something

The dog wriggled under the fence and escaped into the street.

She managed to wriggle into the dress, but it was much too tight.

if part of your body twitches, it makes small movements that you cannot control

to make a movement – used especially when describing a situation in which no one moves, or someone wakes up

In the village a dog barked but no one stirred.

The sleeping child stirred and opened her eyes.

to move – used when you are trying hard to make something move, often without success

to move to a different house, office etc

to move to a different place – used about companies, organizations, and people who work for them

NATO’s main headquarters relocated to Brussels.

Klein is relocating to London to head up the investment banking team.

not moving – use this especially about people who are not moving, or about places where there is no wind

There was no wind and the trees were completely still.

not moving – use this about cars, trains, or objects

The truck swerved and hit a stationary vehicle.

not moving or not able to move, especially because of fear or tiredness

As the disease progressed, she became increasingly immobile.

completely still – used especially in literature

Kemp sat motionless as the verdict was read.

not moving because there is no wind – use this about air and water

if traffic is at a standstill it is not moving

Traffic was at a standstill on the motorway.

to change from one place or position to another, or to make something do this

（使）改变位置，（使）移动，搬动

Please keep the doors closed while the train is moving.

火车行驶时请保持车门关闭。

“来吧。”休说。但没有人动。

Could you move your car, please? It’s blocking the road.

你能把车挪一下吗？挡着路了。

The plane moved slowly along the runway, then stopped.

飞机沿着跑道慢慢滑行，然后停了下来。

Becca moved down the steps and into the yard.

贝卡走下台阶，来到院子里。

I could hear someone moving around upstairs.

我听到有人在楼上来回走动。

The bar was so crowded you [could hardly move](bold).

酒吧很挤，人都难以挪动。

At Christmas, you [couldn’t move for](bold) toys in this house (=there were a lot of toys).

圣诞节的时候，这房子里玩具多得让人都挪不开步。

Paul [couldn’t move a muscle](bold)(=could not move at all) he was so scared.

保罗动弹不得——他吓坏了。

if a person or company moves, or if you move them, they go to live or work in a different place

We’ve moved seven or eight times in the last five years.

在过去五年里我们搬了七八次家。

你什么时候搬到孟菲斯去？

They’ve moved into bigger offices in London.

他们已搬往伦敦更大的办公室。

He had to move his mother into a nursing home.

他不得不让他母亲住进一家养老院。

The company is moving its sales center downtown.

公司正在把销售中心搬往闹市区。

[move house/home](bold) BrE(=go to live in a different house)

My parents kept moving house because of my dad’s job.

因爸爸工作的缘故，我父母不断地搬家。

to change from one opinion or way of thinking to another

Neither side is willing to move on the issue of territory.

双方都不愿意在领土问题上让步。

The two political parties have moved closer towards each other in recent months.

这两个政党在最近几个月里过从甚密。

At this stage, children move further away from the influence of their parents, and depend more on their friends.

在这个阶段，儿童进一步脱离父母的影响，更多地依赖朋友了。

to persuade someone to change their opinion

She won’t be moved – it doesn’t matter what you say to her.

她是劝不动的——不管你对她说什么。

to make progress in a particular way or at a particular rate

Things moved quickly once the contract was signed.

合同一签，事情进展就很快了。

The negotiations seem to be moving in the right direction.

谈判好像正在朝着正确的方向发展。

The plan should boost employment and get things moving in the economy.

这个计划应该能够促进就业，推动经济的发展。

to start taking action, especially in order to achieve something or deal with a problem

The governor has yet to move on any of the recommendations in the report.

州长对于报告中的建议尚未有所行动。

You’ll have to move fast if you want to get a place on the course.

要想报上这门课程，你得赶快行动。

to change to a different job, class etc, or to make someone change to a different job, class etc

（使）变换〔工作、班级等〕

Several students were moved from the beginners’ class into the intermediate one.

一些学生从初级班被转到中级班。

He spent five years at KLP, before moving to IMed as a manager.

他在KLP公司工作了五年，然后跳到IMed公司做经理。

to make someone feel strong emotions, especially of sadness or sympathy

Russell was deeply moved by what he heard.

拉塞尔被他所听到的事情深深感动了。

His speech [moved](bold) the audience [to tears](bold).

他的演讲让听众感动得落泪。

Seeing her there had moved him to think about the time they had together.

在那儿见到她使他想起他们在一起的时光。

I have never before felt moved to write, but I feel I must protest.

以前我从未想过要写点什么，但现在我觉得我必须提笔抗议了。

to change the time or order of something

我们能把会议改到周四吗？

to start talking or writing about a different subject

We seem to be moving away from the main point of the discussion.

我们好像偏离讨论的要点了。

Come on, get moving or you’ll be late for school.

快点，别磨蹭，否则你上学要迟到了。

it’s time I was moving/we ought to get moving etc

used to say that you need to leave or go somewhere

I ought to get moving – I have to be up early tomorrow.

我该走了——我明天得早起。

to change the position of one of the objects used to play a game such as chess

to officially make a proposal at a meeting

The chairman moves that the meeting be adjourned.

我提议确认宣读的会议记录。

[move an amendment](bold) BrE(=suggest a change)

They want to move an amendment to the bill.

if things of a particular kind are moving, they are being bought, especially at a particular rate

〔尤指按某一速度〕出售，脱手

The highest-priced homes are still moving slowly.

to change the way you think and behave, as society changes

与时俱进；顺应时代[潮流]

If the resorts want to keep attracting tourists, they need to move with the times.

这些度假胜地要想不断吸引游客就得顺应潮流。

to spend a lot of time with a particular type of people and know them well

与某一群体/社会/圈子的人交往

She spent time in England, where she moved in high society.

她在英格兰待过，在那里与上层社会人士交往。


move

We made the move mainly for financial reasons.

The government made no move to hold the promised elections.

Environmentalists welcomed the move to limit the length of fishing nets.

The move was supported by the government.

a move is aimed at doing sth/is designed to do sth

The move is aimed at strengthening its business in the region.

I cannot decide on such an important move on my own.

The writers made a bold move by killing off the main character.

I’m not sure it was a good move giving him the job.

He hoped he had made the right move in telling his father.

Barcelona began the unprecedented move of shipping in drinking water.

What should happen next? What’s our next move?

It was a bad move letting him come here in the first place.

One wrong move and the business might never recover.

She waited for Michael to make the first move.

(=a decision that will improve the type of job you can do)

It looked like a good career move, with the possibility of promotion later.

(=there are plans, especially secret ones, to do something)

The decision seemed to be a move in the right direction.

One false move, and she’d fall over the edge.

She made a sudden move towards me from the doorway.

something that you decide to do in order to achieve something

She’s still thinking about her [next move](bold).

她还在考虑她的下一步行动。

the Board’s recent moves to cut interest rates

董事会最近调低利率的举动

Most of the council members are reluctant to [make](bold) such a drastic [move](bold).

大多数市政会成员不愿采取如此极端的举动。

The authorities have [made no move](bold) to resolve the conflict.

当局没有采取任何措施来解决冲突。

She decided to learn as much about it as she could, which seemed like a wise move.

她决定尽可能多地学习这方面的知识，看来是明智之举。

Taking the position was a good [career move](bold)(=a decision that will improve the type of jobs you can do).

接受这个职位在事业上是走对了一步。

[there are moves afoot (to do sth)](bold) BrE(=there are plans, especially secret ones)

It seems there could be moves afoot to close the centre.

好像有计划要关闭这个中心。

when someone moves for a short time in a particular direction

〔朝某一方向的〕移动，活动

Good gymnasts rehearse their moves mentally before a competition.

优秀的体操运动员赛前都会在心中默默地把动作过一遍。

He [made no move](bold) to come any nearer.

Martin [made a move](bold) towards the door.

His green eyes followed Cissy’s every move.

他那双绿色的眼睛紧盯着茜茜的一举一动。

One [false move](bold)(=move in the wrong direction) and I’ll shoot.

a change, especially one which improves a situation

〔尤指朝好的方面的〕转变，改变

a move away from traditional industries such as coal mining

Much more research is being done, which is [a move in the right direction](bold).

现在在做的研究工作多得多了，这个转变方向是正确的。

to be travelling from one place to another

to be changing and developing a lot, especially in a way that improves things

Museums are on the move, adding exhibits that entertain and educate.

博物馆在改变，增加了具有娱乐性和教育性的展品。

to do something first, especially in order to end a quarrel or start a relationship

〔尤指为了结束争吵或建立关系〕迈出第一步，先采取行动

Men say they like it when women make the first move.

when you change the position of one of the objects in a game such as chess

几步棋下来，罗恩把他的王将死了。

It’s your move, Janet (=it is your turn to move an object).

It’s getting late – we ought to make a move.

when you leave one house, office etc, and go to live or work in a different one

The move to a larger office building is long overdue.

早就应该搬去大一点的办公楼了。

to try to start sexual activity or a sexual relationship with someone


movement

He made a small movement with his head, to indicate the door.

Some people have trouble controlling their hand movements.

Clothes should not be so tight that they restrict your movement.

He made a big sweeping movement with his arm.

His eye caught a slight movement behind the bushes.

Don't make any quick movements that might scare the dog.

She swung her legs off the bed in one easy movement.

Tom leaped over the fence in one smooth movement.

the jerky movements of a frightened horse

When giving a massage, use firm rhythmic movements.

waves caused by the forward movement of the boat

(=when people can go wherever they want)

The automobile gave people a freedom of movement previously unknown.

(=when someone or something can move easily)

Cyclists wear tight fitting shorts for ease of movement.

a group of people who share the same ideas or beliefs and who work together to achieve a particular aim

〔具有相同观念或信念的〕运动（团体）

[civil rights/feminist/peace etc movement](bold)

20世纪60年代的民权运动

Mendes led a movement to stop destruction of the rain forest.

门德斯领导一个阻止破坏雨林的运动。

when someone or something changes position or moves from one place to another

A slight movement of the curtains showed where she was hiding.

窗帘稍微动了一下，暴露了她藏身的位置。

He motioned to the door with a movement of his head.

他动了一下头，朝门口示意。

a planned change in the position of a group of soldiers

reports of [troop movements](bold) in the area

a gradual change or development in a situation or in people’s attitudes or opinions

变化，发展；〔态度或观点的〕转变

There’s been no movement in the peace talks since Thursday.

自周四以来，和平谈判一直没有进展。

a movement towards equality with men in the workplace

朝着职场男女平等方向的转变

the places where someone goes and the things they do during a certain period

〔在某段时间内〕某人的行踪，某人的活动

Police are trying to trace Carter’s movements since Tuesday.

警方在设法追查卡特自星期二以来的行踪。

one of the main parts into which a piece of music is divided, especially a symphony

the moving parts of a piece of machinery, especially a clock or watch

〔活动〕机件；〔尤指钟表的〕机芯

when you get rid of waste matter from your bowels


movie

a series of images that tell a story and are shown in a cinema or on television

a film – used especially by people who make films or by critics

Steven Spielberg’s latest Hollywood blockbuster

a film that gives detailed information and facts about a particular subject

The book was later made into a full-length feature film starring Sean Penn.

Monroe appeared in a number of comedies.

a film about two people who are in love, which is intended to make the people who watch it feel happy

‘Notting Hill’ is a romantic comedy starring Julia Roberts and Hugh Grant.

an exciting film, especially about murder or serious crimes

‘The Birds’ is a classic Hitchcock thriller.

a film that shows strong feelings of fear or evil and whose characters are often immoral, or these films in general

‘The Big Sleep’ is a classic Hollywood film noir.

a film that has lots of fighting, explosions etc

a frightening film about ghosts, murders etc

John Wayne is famous for making westerns.

a film about imaginary events in the future or in outer space

‘2001: A Space Odyssey’ is probably the most famous sci-fi movie ever made.

The 1920s were the golden age of silent movies.

a film with characters that are drawn or made using a computer

One of his first animated films was ‘Snow White and the Seven Dwarfs’.

a type of Japanese animated film, which often has a science fiction story

Miyazaki’s anime film ‘Spirited Away’ became an international success.

the use of computers to create characters and images in a film

a short film, usually shown before a longer movie in the cinema

a series of short scenes from a film or programme, shown in order to advertise it in a cinema, on television etc

Brando was one of Hollywood’s greatest actors.

a woman who acts in a film. Women who appear in films or plays usually prefer to be called [actors](bold)

She was the actress who played Scarlet O'Hara in ‘Gone with the Wind’.

the person who tells the actors and actresses in a film what to do

The director of the film is Quentin Tarantino.

the person who makes the arrangements for a film to be made and controls the

the people operating the camera, lights etc who help the director make a film

Maybe we could go out to dinner and take in a movie.

Depp will star in director Tim Burton’s next movie.

The children have made their own movies for the contest.

What movies are they showing this weekend?

(=becomes available for the public to see)

The movie has already been released in the US.

She was watching an old movie on television.

a scene from the classic movie ‘Casablanca’

(=one that a small group of people like very much and watch often)

a showing of the cult movie ‘The Rocky Horror Picture Show’

(=one that cost a lot of money to make, or very little money to make)

How did you get started in the movie industry?

He and his wife are both movie directors.

He started out as an actor, then became a movie producer.

Do you know how to operate a movie camera?

It was strange to see herself up there on the movie screen.

[n](bold) <[C](bold)> ([especially AmE](special))

a film made to be shown at the cinema or on television

It was like one of those old John Wayne movies.

She once played the innocent victim in a horror movie.

她曾在一部恐怖电影里扮演无辜的受害人。

a movie about two gay teenagers who fall in love

We [took](bold) the kids [to the movies](bold).

In those days, we [went to the movies](bold) every week.

那时候，我们每周都去看电影。

Why were you at the movies all by yourself?

films in general, and the events in them

He couldn’t believe his luck. It was the sort of thing that only happened in the movies.

他不相信他的运气，这种事只有在电影里才会发生。


movie theater

a building where you go in order to watch films


moving

[movingly](bold) adv. eg: She spoke movingly about her father’s last days.

making you feel strong emotions, especially sadness or sympathy

Bayman’s book about his illness is deeply moving.

巴伊曼写他所患疾病的那本书非常感人。

a moving account of his childhood in Ireland

有关他在爱尔兰童年生活的感人描写

Attending the memorial service was a [moving experience](bold).

参加这次追悼仪式是一次十分感人的经历。

Be careful when changing lanes in fast-moving traffic.

车流速度快的时候变道要小心。

an archer learning to hit a [moving target](bold)

练习射击活动靶的射箭运动员

something that is changing continuously, so that it is very difficult to criticize it or compete against it

活动靶子〔指某事物由于不断变化而让人无从批评或难以竞争〕

The company is constantly improving the system, making it a moving target.

公司不断改进这一系统，让竞争者难以企及。

someone who makes something start to happen

He was the moving spirit behind the founding of the union.


MP

someone who has been elected to a parliament to represent people from a particular area of the country

她是代表利物浦市的议员之一。


Mr

[no more Mr Nice Guy!](bold) at → [guy](->guy) sense 5

used before a man’s family name to be polite when you are speaking to him, writing to him, or talking about him

先生〔用于男子姓氏之前的礼貌称呼〕

used when speaking to a man in an official position

先生〔对有官职男子的称呼〕

a man who would be the perfect husband for a particular woman

the leader or most important person in a group, especially a criminal group

〔尤指犯罪集团的〕头儿，老大

someone who is honest and always obeys the law

used humorously to say that someone has a particular quality or behaves in a particular way

讽刺先生/邋遢先生/健忘先生等〔幽默用法，表示某人具有某种品质或行为方式〕

I don’t think we need any comments from Mr Sarcasm here.

我认为我们不需要讽刺先生在这里发表任何高见。


Mrs

used before a married woman’s family name to be polite when you are speaking to her, writing to her, or talking about her

夫人，太太〔对已婚妇女的礼貌称呼〕

Mrs Meddeman heads the fundraising committee.

梅迪门夫人主管筹资委员会。

→ Some women prefer to be addressed as [Ms](bold) because it does not draw attention to whether or not they are married.

used humorously to say that a woman has a particular quality or behaves in a particular way

整洁夫人/高效夫人/爱打听夫人等〔幽默用法，表示某个女性具有某种品质或行为方式〕

Mrs Superefficient has already taken care of it.

“超高效夫人”已经处理这事了。


Ms

used before a woman’s family name when she does not want to be called ‘Mrs’ or ‘Miss’, or when you do not know whether she is married or not

女士〔置于女子姓氏前的称呼，用于其不想被称为“夫人”或“小姐”或其婚姻状况不明时〕


much

[so much the better](bold) at → [better](->better) 3 sense 4

亨利的房间比我的大得多。

I’m feeling [very much](bold) better, thank you.

[much the best/most interesting etc](bold) BrE

The adverb [much](bold)  is mainly used before comparative adjectives or adjectives with 'too': He’s much older than she is. The soup was much too salty.

It is not usually used before other adjectives, but [much](bold)  can be used before [different](bold) , especially in negatives and questions: It's not much different from when I was young.

used to ask or talk about the degree of a difference

〔询问或谈论区别的程度〕

She kept weighing herself to see how much heavier she was getting.

她老是称体重看自己重了多少。

used to ask or talk about how big an additional amount of something is

〔询问或谈论某事物增加的数量〕

used to emphasize the difference you are mentioning

[how much better/nicer/easier etc](bold)

I was surprised to see how much better she was looking.

看到她变得漂亮多了我很惊讶。

How much better life would be if we returned to the values of the past!

如果我们重拾过去的价值观，生活会有多好呀！

used to talk about a strong feeling or something that is done often

〔用于谈论强烈的感情或经常做的事〕

I think you have to accept the pain, however much it hurts.

我想你必须得承受这份痛苦，无论这伤痛有多重。

We’re looking forward to your visit [so much](bold).

我们热切盼望着您的到来。

The money will buy much needed books for the school.

这笔钱将用于购买学校急需的书籍。

“你喜欢它吗？”“不怎么喜欢。”

Tony hasn’t changed much in the last ten years.

used to say that something does not often happen

We don’t go to the theatre much anymore.

Kids don’t play outside as much as they used to.

孩子们不像以前那样经常在外边玩耍了。

used to say that something is very similar to something else

很像某事物，和某事物几乎一样

The house was [very much](bold) as I’d remembered it.

那房子和我记忆中的几乎完全一样。

Plants are classified in much the same way as animals.

植物分类的方式和动物的差不多。

used to say that someone feels very surprised, embarrassed etc when something happens

令某人大为吃惊/非常尴尬等的是

Much to my relief, the conversation turned to another topic.

谈话内容转到其他话题上去了，让我大大松了口气。

used to say that a greater thing is even less true, likely, or possible than the thing you have just mentioned

The shelves were lined with books which neither Hugo nor Sally would ever open, much less read.

书架上放满了雨果和萨莉都不会去打开、更不用说去读的书。

Much as I like Bob, I wouldn’t want to live with him.

虽然我喜欢鲍勃，但我不会想和他生活在一起。

used to say that one description of someone or something is less suitable or correct than another

与其说是 …不如说是 …

She was not so much nervous as impatient for the journey to be over.

说她紧张，不如说她是不耐烦，希望旅途快点结束。


much

[Much ](bold)  is mainly used in questions and negative sentences, or after [too](bold)  or [so](bold) : Was there much snow? There’s not much time left. You’ve used too much soap.

[Much](bold)  sounds very formal in positive statements. It is usually better to say [a lot of](bold) : There was a lot of food left.
Don’t say: [There was much food left.](strike)

You use [much](bold)  before uncountable nouns: I don’t have much money.

You use [many](bold)  before plural nouns: There are too many advertisements on TV.
Don’t say: [There are too much advertisements on TV.](strike)

关于他的旅行他说得不多。

Do you get much chance to travel in your job?

你的工作有很多出差机会吗？

After much consideration we have finally arrived at a decision.

经过深思熟虑，我们最终作出了决定。

Much of the city was destroyed in the attack.

城市的大部分区域都在这次袭击中遭到了破坏。

一个人干，工作量太大了。

It would cost far too much to have the thing repaired.

It was such a small thing to have caused [so much](bold) trouble.

这么点的小事却造成了这么大的麻烦。

used to ask or talk about the amount or cost of something

多少，多少钱〔用于询问或谈论某物的数量或价格〕

How much flour should I use in the sauce?

我要在调味汁中放多少面粉？

I know how much hard work goes into looking after a baby.

我知道照看小孩有多辛苦。

我希望你玩得和我一样高兴。

used to emphasize how surprisingly large an amount is

多至10/100等〔用于强调数量大得惊人〕

有些机器价格高达2万英镑。

used in negative expressions to say that something is not important, interesting, good etc

〔用于否定句，表示并不那么重要、有趣、好等〕

‘What are you doing?’ ‘Oh, not much, really.’

“你在干什么？”“噢，没什么，真的。”

I [don’t think much](bold) of that idea (=I do not think it is good).

我不认为那个主意有多好。

The car may [not be much to look at](bold)(=it does not look good) but it’s very reliable.

这辆车也许看上去不怎么样，但性能非常可靠。

It’s the best book he’s written, but [that’s not saying much](bold)(=none of his books is very good).

这是他写得最好的书了，但也不怎么样。

to not be a good example of something or not be very good at something

to be too difficult for someone to do or bear

对某人来说太困难；不是某人所能承受的

The effort of climbing the stairs had been too much for the old man.

对那位老人来说，爬楼梯是很困难的。

The shock had been too much for her – she never recovered.

那个打击对她来说太大了——她一直没有缓过来。

The restaurant’s very grand but the food isn’t up to much.

饭店富丽堂皇，但食物不怎么样。

used to say that there is little difference between two things or amounts

‘Isn’t the woollen carpet more expensive?’ ‘A little, perhaps, but there’s not much in it.’

“羊毛地毯是不是更贵？”“可能稍贵些，但相差不大。”

to think or say the thing that has just been mentioned

Carson strongly disapproved of the plan and said as much at the meeting.

卡森强烈反对这个计划，他在会议上也是这么说的。

‘Max was lying all the time.’ ‘ I thought as much.’

“马克斯一直在说谎。”“我也这样认为。”

used to say that someone only succeeded in doing something with great difficulty

某人尽最大努力也只能做某事

He looked so stupid, it was as much as I could do to stop myself from laughing.

他看上去真傻，我拼命忍住才没笑出来。

used when you are surprised or annoyed that someone did not do something

甚至没有做某事，连某事都没有做〔表示惊讶或恼怒〕

They left without so much as saying goodbye.

他们连再见都没有说就走了。

He’d received not so much as a thank you from Tiffany.

他甚至没有听到蒂法尼对他说一句谢谢。

used to say that a particular action, idea, statement etc was not useful or did not produce the result that was hoped for

某事毫无用处；某事未产生期盼的结果

He’s late again. So much for good intentions.

想得再好也没用，他又迟到了。

used when saying one good thing about someone or something when they are being criticized a lot

我要为某人/某事物这么说〔用于为正遭受批评的人或事说句好话〕

Well, he does admit it when he’s wrong, I’ll say that much for him.

嗯，如果有错他确实会承认的，这我要替他说句公道话。

〔额外的数量〕一样多，同样多

The car only cost me £1,500 but it cost as much again to get it insured.

这辆车只花了我1,500英镑，可是买保险也要这么多钱。

used to say that someone’s behaviour is unacceptable or impolite

有点过分/太过分〔用于指某人的行为不能让人接受或不礼貌〕

It’s a bit much expecting you to pay for it all.

指望你来出所有的钱，这有点过分了。

to treat a person or thing as though you think they are very important or special

重视[认真对待]某人/某物

新闻界对这个发现大肆宣传。

They’ve always made much of their nephews and nieces.

他们总是很宠爱他们的侄子和侄女。


mud

[as clear as mud](bold) at → [clear](->clear) 1 sense 18 [drag sb’s name through the mud](bold) at → [drag](->drag) 1 sense 10 [sb’s name is mud](bold) at → [name](->name) 1 sense 15

wet earth that has become soft and sticky

By the end of the game, all the kids were covered in mud.

比赛结束的时候，所有的孩子都浑身是泥。

The path beside the river was slippery with mud.

Many villages in Mali consist of mud huts.

马里的许多村庄都是泥草房。

boots [caked with mud](bold)(=covered in mud)

It was impossible to move the car – its wheels had got stuck in the mud.

这车子动不了——车轮陷到泥里了。

used for expressing good wishes when having an alcoholic drink with someone


muddy

沾满泥的；泥泞的，多泥的

Take your boots off outside if they’re muddy.

要是靴子上都是泥，你就脱在门外吧。

糊涂的；混乱的；不清晰的

On the issue of education, the difference between the two parties is muddy.

在教育问题上，两个政党的差别不明显。

The carpet was an unpleasant muddy brown.

〔声音〕模糊的，不清晰的


muddy

[past tense and past participle](italic) [muddied](bold) [present participle](italic) [muddying](bold) [third person singular](italic) [muddies](bold)

Lizzy walked around the edge of the field, taking care not to muddy her new shoes.

莉齐沿着田边走，小心翼翼地不让新鞋子沾上泥土。

to make a situation more complicated or confusing than it was before – used to show disapproval

把水搅浑，使事情[问题]更加复杂〔含贬义〕


mug

a tall cup used for drinking tea, coffee etc

〔喝茶、咖啡等用的有柄的〕大杯，马克杯

a large glass with a handle, used especially for drinking beer

〔尤指喝啤酒用的有柄的〕大玻璃杯

someone who is stupid and easy to deceive

Only a mug would pay that much for a meal.

只有傻瓜才会为一顿饭花那么多钱。

to be something that only stupid people do because it is not likely to be successful or to bring you money

是傻瓜干的事，是不易成功的事；是无利可图的事

Something scared him. Probably your [ugly mug](bold)!


mug

[past tense and past participle](italic) [mugged](bold) [present participle](italic) [mugging](bold)

to attack someone and rob them in a public place

〔在公共场所〕对 …行凶抢劫

→see THESAURUS at [attack](->attack) 2   →see THESAURUS at [steal](->steal) 1

A lot of people won’t go out alone at night because they’re afraid of being mugged.

许多人因害怕被抢劫，晚上不愿单独出门。

to make silly expressions with your face or behave in a silly way, especially for a photograph or in a play

〔尤指照相或演出时〕做鬼脸，扮傻相

All the kids were mugging for the camera.

所有的孩子都在对着相机做鬼脸。


multicultural

involving or including people or ideas from many different countries, races, or religions

多元文化的，融合多种文化的


multinational

ˌmʌltɪˈnæʃənəl◂

ˌmʌltɪˈnæʃənəl◂

a multinational company has factories, offices, and business activities in many different countries

〔公司〕跨国的，在多国经营的

由多个国家的人组成的，多国的

the UN’s multinational peace-keeping force


multinational

a large company that has offices, factories etc in many different countries

Multinationals have made large investments in Thailand.

跨国公司在泰国进行了大量投资。


multiple

many, or involving many things, people, events etc

包括[涉及]多个人[物，事件等]的；多的；多种的

Baxter was rushed to the hospital with multiple stab wounds.

巴克斯特因多处刺伤被紧急送往医院。

Having multiple partners increases your risk of sexual diseases.

His new album includes multiple versions of the same songs.

他的新专辑包括同一些歌曲的多种版本。


multiple

a number that contains a smaller number an exact number of times


multiply

[past tense and past participle](italic) [multiplied](bold) [present participle](italic) [multiplying](bold) [third person singular](italic) [multiplies](bold)

to do a calculation in which you add a number to itself a particular number of times

Children will learn to multiply in the second grade.

儿童会在二年级学习乘法。

to increase by a large amount or number, or to make something do this

（使）大大增加，（使）倍增

The amount of information available has multiplied.

可获得的信息大大增加了。

Smoking multiplies the risk of heart attacks and other health problems.

吸烟大大增加了患心梗和其他疾病的危险。

细菌在温热的食物里繁殖得很快。


multitude

I had never seen such a multitude of stars before.

我以前从未见过这么多的星星。

ordinary people, especially when they are thought of as not being very well educated

〔尤指被认为未受过良好教育的〕大众，民众，群众

Political power has been placed in the hands of the multitude.

政治权力已交到民众手中。

Clamoring multitudes demanded a view of the pope.

众人叫嚷着要求面见教皇。

to make faults or problems seem less clear or noticeable – used humorously

掩盖真相，掩藏缺陷[问题]〔幽默用法〕

Patterned carpet can hide a multitude of sins (=the carpet is dirty, but the pattern hides it).


mum

used to tell someone that they must not tell other people about a secret

别声张，不要讲出去，要保密


mumble

to say something too quietly or not clearly enough, so that other people cannot understand you

He bumped into someone and mumbled an apology.

他撞到一个人，咕哝着道了歉。

A woman on the corner was mumbling to herself.

角落里有个女人在喃喃自语。


mummy

mother – used especially by young children or when you are talking to young children

妈咪，我可以到外面玩吗？

a dead body that has been preserved by wrapping it in cloth, especially in ancient Egypt


mundane

ordinary and not interesting or exciting

刚开始，这工作非常乏味。

The mundane task of setting the table can be fun on holidays.

摆放餐具这种无趣的事情在假日里也会变得有意思起来。

concerned with ordinary daily life rather than religious matters

世俗的，尘世间的，人世间的


municipal

relating to or belonging to the government of a town or city


murder

[scream blue murder](bold) at → [scream](->scream) 1 sense 1

Whoever had committed these murders had planned them carefully.

They had wished him dead, but that did not make them guilty of murder.

(=say that you think someone murdered a person)

(=officially say that someone may be guilty of murder)

Is there enough evidence to charge him with murder?

The police are investigating the murder of a homeless man.

He is wanted for the brutal murder of a young girl.

He didn’t kill his wife in a moment of anger; it was cold-blooded murder.

He was charged with premeditated murder.

(=for which the killer has never been found)

Police questioned the man about two unsolved murders.

I am arresting you for attempted murder.

(=the most serious type of murder under U.S. law)

If convicted of first-degree murder, he will spend the rest of his life in prison.

Hitler was responsible for the largest mass murder in history.

The family of the murder victim pleaded for information to find the killer.

(=the gun, knife etc used to murder someone)

His blood matched the blood found at the murder scene.

A murder investigation is underway after a woman’s body was found in a tunnel.

(=an official statement saying someone may be guilty of murder)

He has escaped a murder charge, but his career is finished.

Police believe the motive for the murders was robbery.

the crime of deliberately killing someone

On the night the [murder](bold) was [committed](bold), he was out of the country.

凶案发生当晚他不在国内。

The man [accused of](bold) her [murder](bold) will appear in court today.

被指控谋杀她的那名男子将于今天出庭。

He was found guilty of [attempted murder](bold).

She was charged with two counts of [first degree murder](bold).

她被控犯有两项一级谋杀罪。

The mother of the [murder victim](bold) wept in court.

凶案受害者的母亲在法庭上痛哭。

Police are searching for the [murder weapon](bold).

Detectives have launched a [murder investigation](bold).

警方探员已经启动凶杀案调查。

to do anything you want, even things that are wrong, without being punished

犯了大错而不受惩罚，为所欲为

She lets those kids get away with murder.

她听任那些孩子为所欲为。

It’s murder doing the shopping on Saturdays.

今天早上的交通状况太糟糕了。

这双新鞋把我的脚害惨了。


murder

to kill someone deliberately and illegally

He was convicted of murdering a policeman.

他被判谋杀一名警察的罪名成立。

Thousands of civilians were brutally murdered during the civil war.

成千上万的平民在内战中遭到残杀。

to spoil a song, play etc by performing it very badly

糟蹋〔歌曲、剧本等，指表演拙劣〕

那是一首很好的歌曲，但被他们唱砸了。

used to tell someone that another person will be very angry with them

某人会宰了你〔表示某人会很生气〕

Your dad’ll murder you when he hears about it.

要是你爸听说这事，他会宰了你。

used to say that you are very hungry or thirsty and want a particular food or drink

我很想喝一杯啤酒/吃一张比萨饼等

在决赛中他们把我们打得落花流水。


murmur

[murmuring](bold) n. <C,U> eg: murmurings of discontent

to say something in a soft quiet voice that is difficult to hear clearly

“干得好。”乔治低语道。

The girl murmured something polite, and smiled.

那个女孩低声说了些客套话，并且笑了笑。

Julie turned over and murmured in her sleep.

朱莉翻了个身，叽里咕噜地说着梦话。

to complain to friends and people you work with, but not officially

〔向朋友和同事〕私下抱怨，发牢骚


murmur

a soft low sound made by people speaking quietly or a long way away

[murmur of agreement/surprise/regret etc](bold)(=one that expresses a particular feeling)

There was a murmur of agreement from the crowd.

人群中发出表示赞同的低语声。

a complaint, but not a strong or official complaint

私下的抱怨，怨言，牢骚话

There have been murmurs of discontent over the new rules.

对新的规则已有一些不满的言论。

to do something without complaining, especially when this is surprising

一声不吭[毫无抱怨]地做某事

他们二话不说就在表格上签了名。

the soft low sound made by water, the wind etc

〔水、风等发出的〕低沉的声音，轻柔的声音

an unusual sound made by the heart, which shows that there may be something wrong with it


muscle

[flex your muscles](bold) at → [flex](->flex) 1 sense 2

the hard muscles of his back and shoulders

(=muscles that move in a strong attractive way)

The sight of his rippling muscles sends women wild.

Bend your knees and use your thigh muscles when picking up heavy objects.

If you strengthen the muscles in your back you are less likely to have back problems.

It’s a good idea to stretch your muscles after weight lifting.

(=bend your arm muscles so that people can see how strong you are)

He was lifting weights and flexing his muscles.

A hot bath will help relax sore muscles.

He tensed his stomach muscles, ready for the blow.

(=tighten so that you can move a part of your body)

These nerves tell the muscles when to contract.

This exercise will help increase muscle strength.

Swimming is good exercise for improving muscle tone.

The drug helps control painful muscle spasms.

(=the substance that muscles are made from)

If you lose weight too quickly you will lose muscle tissue as well as fat.

one of the pieces of flesh inside your body that you use in order to move, and that connect your bones together

Relax your [stomach muscles](bold), then stretch again.

放松腹部肌肉，然后再伸展。

Regular exercise will help to [strengthen your muscles](bold).

经常锻炼有助于强健肌肉。

Rooney has [pulled](bold) a [muscle](bold) in his thigh and won’t play tomorrow.

鲁尼大腿肌肉拉伤，明天打不了比赛。

The soldier stood without moving a muscle.

The unions have a lot of political muscle.

工会有很大的政治影响力。

The agreement will give the UN some muscle to enforce human rights.

It [took muscle](bold) to work in an old-fashioned kitchen.

在老式厨房里干活很费力。

[put some muscle into it](bold)(=used to tell someone to work harder)


muscle

使劲挤进 …/从 …中挤过

Joe and Tony muscled their way through the crowd.


muscular

[muscularity](bold) /ˌmʌskjəˈlærəti/  n. <U>

She was fast and strong, with a slender, muscular body.

她动作敏捷有力，有着修长而结实的身材。


museum

a building where important cultural, historical, or scientific objects are kept and shown to the public

The museum has an extensive collection of early photographs.

这座博物馆藏有大量早期的照片。


mushroom

one of several kinds of fungus with stems and round tops, some of which can be eaten


mushroom

New housing developments mushroomed on the edge of town.

城郊新住宅区雨后春笋般地冒出来。


music

[face the music](bold) at → [face](->face) 2 sense 7

the sounds made by musical instruments or people singing

the main series of musical notes in a piece of music

the main series of notes in a piece of music that has many notes being played at the same time, especially in classical music

the chords or notes in a piece of music that support the melody

an arrangement of musical notes – use this about music without words

a piece of music that someone has written

a piece of music, especially classical music

one of the songs or pieces of music on a CD

a piece of popular music that forms part of a concert or show

Ella was listening to music on her iPod.

He composed the music for the ‘Lord of the Rings’ films.

We began making music together about five years ago.

They were kept awake by loud music from next door.

Johnny Cash was one of country music’s greatest stars.

Live music can sound very different from recorded music.

the soft background music in the restaurant

We perform a wide variety of choral music.

(=classical music played by a small group of musicians)

a performance of Schumann’s chamber music

(=classical music played by a large group of musicians)

He has a large CD collection, mostly orchestral music.

For music lovers, the city has two world-famous orchestras.

a series of sounds made by instruments or voices in a way that is pleasant or exciting

I often listen to classical music when I’m in the car.

我经常在车上听古典音乐。

A new piece of music was specially written for the occasion.

为了这个活动专门写了一首新曲子。

a set of written marks representing music, or paper with the written marks on it

McCartney never learned to [read music](bold).

麦卡特尼一直没有学会识谱。

if someone’s words are music to your ears, they make you very happy or pleased

〔某人的话〕听起来顺耳，中听

to write music so that the words of a poem, play etc can be sung

为 …谱[配]上曲调〔以便能唱〕


musical

relating to music or consisting of music

a musical version of the fairy tale ‘Cinderella’

童话故事《灰姑娘》的音乐剧版

When he began his musical career, King played only for black audiences.

金在音乐事业的开始阶段只为黑人观众演奏。

good at or interested in playing or singing music

擅长音乐的；对音乐感兴趣的；有音乐天赋的

她很有乐感，而且喜欢唱歌。

〔声音〕音乐般好听的，悦耳的


musical

a play or film that includes singing and dancing

Webber had three musicals playing in London at one time.

韦伯有三部音乐剧同时在伦敦上演。

[Broadway/West End musical](bold)(=one that is performed in New York’s or London’s important theatres)

Carroll appeared in a number of Broadway musicals.

卡罗尔出演过许多百老汇音乐剧。


musician

someone who plays a musical instrument, especially very well or as a job


must

[you must be joking](bold) at → [joke](->joke) 2 sense 2

You say that you [must ](bold) do something: I must get a new key.

Don’t use ‘to’ after [must](bold) .
Don’t say: [I must to get a new key.](strike)

You use [must not ](bold) when saying someone should not do something, for example because it is dangerous or wrong: You must not leave without telling me where you’re going.

You say that something [must have ](bold) happened, or that someone [must have](bold)  done something, when you are fairly sure that this is true, based on what you know: They must have caught an earlier train.

You say that you [have to](bold)  do something: She has to do some shopping.

You use [don’t have to](bold)  when it is not necessary for someone to do something: You don’t have to leave yet.

You use [had to](bold)  instead of ‘must’ when talking about the past: He had to get up early the next day.

used when saying that it is very important that someone does something, because someone in authority or a rule says this, or because of the situation

to need to do something because it is necessary or important

to have to do something, because of a rule or law, or because of the situation you are in

Members of parliament are obliged to declare all their financial interests.

to have to do something because of a rule or law – used especially in written notices and official documents

New students are required to register with a doctor.

(also: be under an obligation to do sth )

to have to do something because it is the duty of someone in your position to do it, or because you have officially agreed to do it

The landlord is under an obligation to keep the building in good repair.

to have to do something that you do not want to do, because you are in a situation that makes it impossible to avoid

She was forced to retire early due to ill health.

[modal verb](bold) negative short form: mustn’t

to have to do something because it is necessary or important, or because of a law or order

所有乘客都必须系安全带。

天晚了，我真的必须走了。

For the engine to work, the green lever must be in the ‘up’ position.

要启动引擎，绿色操纵杆必须在“上”这一挡。

Accidents must be reported to the safety officer.

出了事故必须向安全员报告。

In everyday English, people usually say someone [has to](bold)  or [has got to do sth](bold)  rather than say they [must do sth](bold) , which can sound slightly formal or emphatic:

Everyone [has to](bold) wear a seat belt.

used in negative sentences to say that something should not happen, because of a rule or law or because of the situation

〔用于否定句中，指制度、法律规定或形势决定某事不应发生〕

You mustn’t talk to your mother like that.

你不应该那样和你母亲说话。

This book must not be removed from the library.

We must never forget how much we owe to these brave men.

我们一定不能忘记要对这些勇士心存感激。

No one must disturb him while he’s sleeping.

used to say you think something is very likely to be true or very likely to have happened

萨姆现在肯定将近90岁了。

His new car must have cost around £20,000.

他的新车肯定花了两万英镑左右。

There must be something wrong with the engine.

Karl must’ve seen ‘Star Wars’ six or seven times.

《星球大战》卡尔一定看过六七遍了。

used to suggest that someone should do something, especially because you think they will enjoy it or you think it is a good idea

应该〔用于建议别人做某事，尤在认为某人会喜欢或认为所提建议是个好主意时使用〕

You must come and stay with us in London sometime.

你一定得找个时间来伦敦，到我们这儿住住。

‘We must do this again,’ he said. ‘I’ve enjoyed it thoroughly.’

“我们一定要再来一次，”他说，“我玩得太开心了。”

used to say that you intend or want to do something

一定要〔表示打算或想要做某事〕

我今晚一定要打电话给她。

我得承认〔用于强调所说的话〕

我得说，这让我非常震惊。

used to tell someone that their behaviour upsets or annoys you

（为什么）你非要 …？〔用于告诉某人其举止令人生气或困扰〕

为什么你非要总是这样多疑？

something that is so good, exciting, or interesting that you think people should have it, see it etc

必有/必看/必读等的东西

The exhibit is a must-see for anyone interested in Japanese art.

对于对日本艺术感兴趣的人来说，这件展品是必看之作。

used to tell someone that they are allowed to do something, but that you do not approve of it or agree with it

好吧，如果你非要一起去，那就去吧。

如果你一定要吸烟，请到外面去吸。

used when you answer a question that you think someone should not have asked, because it is slightly impolite

如果你非要知道〔用于回答认为别人不该问的问题，因为提这个问题不太礼貌〕

好吧，如果你非要知道，我三十六岁了。


must

必须做的事；必不可少的东西

Warm clothes are a must in the mountains.

御寒衣物在山里是必不可少的。


mustard

[keen as mustard](bold) at → [keen](->keen) 1 sense 4

a yellow sauce with a strong taste, eaten especially with meat

a plant with yellow flowers and seeds that are used to make mustard sauce

Other magazines have tried to copy ZAPP, but have never quite cut the mustard.

其他杂志想效仿ZAPP，但都不太成功。


muster

to get enough courage, confidence, support etc to do something, especially with difficulty

鼓起〔勇气〕；积聚〔信心〕；争取〔支持〕

[muster (up) the courage/confidence/energy etc to do sth](bold)

Finally I mustered up the courage to ask her out.

最后我鼓起勇气约她出去。

Senator Newbolt has been trying to muster support for his proposals.

纽博尔特参议员一直在努力争取让人们支持他的提议。

‘It’s going to be fine,’ replied David, [with as much](bold) confidence [as he could muster](bold).

“会好的。”戴维尽可能自信地回答道。

if soldiers muster, or if someone musters them, they come together in a group

〔士兵〕集合；召集，集结〔士兵〕

In April 1185, he began to [muster](bold) an [army](bold).

1185年4月，他开始召集军队。


muster

to be accepted as good enough for something

I wasn’t sure that our clothing would pass muster at the club door.

我不敢肯定我们的衣着能否通过俱乐部的门岗。

a gathering together of soldiers so that they can be counted, checked etc


mutate

if an animal or plant mutates, it becomes different from others of the same kind, because of a change in its genetic structure

Simple organisms like bacteria mutate rapidly.

像细菌那样的简单有机体突变的速度很快。

Technology continues to mutate at an alarming rate.

技术继续以惊人的速度变化发展。


mutation

a change in the genetic structure of an animal or plant that makes it different from others of the same kind

〔动物或植物的〕突变，变异

a change in a speech sound, especially a vowel, because of the sound of the one next to it

〔尤指元音的〕语音变化，音变


mutter

[mutter](bold) n. <singular> eg: His voice subsided to a mutter.

[muttering](bold) n. <C,U> eg: The mutterings about his leadership continued to grow.

to speak in a low voice, especially because you are annoyed about something, or you do not want people to hear you

‘I never want to come here again,’ he muttered to himself.

“我再也不想来这儿了。”他嘀咕道。

Elsie muttered something I couldn’t catch and walked off.

埃尔茜咕哝了一句什么，我也没有听懂，她就走掉了。

‘He’s such an unpleasant man,’ Alyssia [muttered under](bold) her [breath](bold).

“他真是个讨厌的人。”阿莉西娅轻声嘟囔着。

to complain about something or express doubts about it, but without saying clearly and openly what you think

Some senators muttered darkly about the threat to national security.

一些参议员私下里谈论国家安全面临的威胁。


mutual

mutual feelings such as respect, trust, or hatred are feelings that two or more people have for each other

Mutual respect is necessary for any partnership to work.

互相尊重是任何一种伙伴关系成功建立的必要条件。

European nations can live together in a spirit of mutual trust.

欧洲国家能以相互信任的态度共处。

I didn’t like Dev, and the feeling seemed to be mutual.

我不喜欢德夫，他好像也不喜欢我。

The two men were a [mutual admiration society](bold), gushing about how much they were learning from each other.

两个男人互相吹捧，盛赞对方让自己受益匪浅。

mutual support, help etc is support that two or more people give each other

〔支持、帮助等〕相互的，彼此的

MAMA puts new mothers in touch with each other, for [mutual support](bold) and friendship.

“妈妈”组织让新妈妈们彼此接触认识，互相扶持，互相关爱。

when two or more people both agree to something

The relationship was ended by mutual agreement.

双方都同意结束这段关系。

a friend or interest that two people both have

We discovered a mutual interest in drama.

我们在戏剧方面找到了共同兴趣。


mutually

something that is mutually acceptable etc is acceptable etc to both or all the people involved

大家都能接受的/都能获益的/都方便的等

We eventually arrived at a figure that was mutually acceptable.

我们最后商定了一个大家都能接受的数目。

two ideas or beliefs that are mutually exclusive cannot both exist or be true at the same time

〔思想或信念〕相互排斥[矛盾]的


my

[determiner](bold) <[possessive form of ‘I’](bold)>

used by the person who is speaking to show that something belongs to or is connected with himself or herself

你看到我的汽车钥匙了吗？

I’m sure you don’t want to listen to all my problems.

我肯定你不会想听我所有的这些问题。

Even [my own](bold) family wouldn’t believe me.

连我自己的家人也不相信我。

used when you are surprised or shocked about something

天哪，哎呀〔表示意外或震惊〕

used when talking or writing to someone that you love or like a lot

亲爱的〔用于称呼所爱或喜欢的人〕


my

used when you are surprised,impressed, or upset

哎呀〔表示感到意外、印象深刻或伤心〕

哎呀！看看那棵树有多大！

‘It’s 3.30.’ ‘[Oh my](bold), I’m going to be late!’

“现在是3点30分。”“哎呀，我要迟到了！”


myself

[pron](bold) <[reflexive form of ‘I’](bold)>

used by the person speaking or writing to show that they are affected by their own action

我自己〔表示说话者或写作者的行为影响到其自身〕

我本人，我亲自，我自己〔用以强调代词I或me〕

Why do I always have to do everything myself?

为什么我总是什么事情都得自己来？

They say it’s a beautiful place, but I myself have never been there.

他们说那地方很漂亮，不过我自己从未去过那儿。

used after ‘like’, ‘as’, or ‘except’ instead of ‘me’

我自己〔用于like、as或except之后来代替me〕

除了我自己，不能责怪任何人。

这房子全是我一个人粉刷的。

used when the person speaking does not feel well, or is not able to behave normally, for example because he or she is upset or ill

感觉自己不舒服；感到自己状态不佳

Sorry, I’m not myself today. I’ve had some bad news.

对不起，我今天状态不佳。我听说了一些坏消息。

to not have to share something with anyone else

独自占有某事物，独用某事物

Everyone else had gone out and I had the apartment all to myself.

其他人都出去了，就我独自一人在公寓里。


mysterious

[mysteriously](bold) adv. eg: Jackson had mysteriously disappeared.

difficult to explain or understand, and often strange or slightly frightening

the mysterious disappearance of ships in the waters of the Bermuda Triangle

At first this must seem a puzzling question.

impossible to understand, so that you feel very confused

Like many people, I find theoretical physics baffling.

For some inexplicable reason her mind went completely blank.

mysterious and difficult to understand, but also often attractive or interesting – used especially about people, their expressions, or things they say

having a meaning that is difficult to understand, and is not expressed in a clear direct way – used especially about things that people say or write

I got a rather cryptic message from him.

if something is a mystery, you cannot understand how or why it happens

Four years later, his death remains a complete mystery.

if an event or a situation, especially one that happened a long time ago, is shrouded in mystery, it is mysterious because no one knows exactly what happened

Stone age civilization, veiled in mystery as it is, has provided the greatest challenge to historians.

mysterious events or situations are difficult to explain or understand

〔事件或状况〕神秘的，难以解释[理解]的

→see THESAURUS at [strange](->strange) 1

The police are investigating the mysterious deaths of children at the hospital.

警察正在调查这家医院的儿童神秘死亡事件。

Benson later disappeared [in mysterious circumstances](bold).

本森后来就神秘地失踪了。

a mysterious person is someone who you know very little about and who seems strange or interesting

I decided to find out more about my mysterious new neighbour.

我决定多了解一下我那位神秘的新邻居。

someone who behaves in a mysterious way says very little about what they are doing

Helen’s being very mysterious about her plans.

海伦把她的计划弄得很神秘。

She hid her thoughts behind a mysterious smile.

她神秘地一笑，掩饰了自己的想法。


mystery

It’s a mystery how he got my phone number.

What caused the accident remains a mystery.

The children were given the clues and had to try to solve the mystery.

(=it becomes more difficult to understand)

Why would he run away if he were not guilty? The mystery deepens.

Research has unravelled much of the mystery surrounding the ageing process.

She said that her husband’s disappearance was a complete mystery.

What happened to her is still an unsolved mystery.

It is one of the great mysteries of science.

It was a minor mystery how the file had survived the fire.

If they are right, they have solved one of the biggest mysteries in astronomy.

(=it is something that you will never understand – used humorously)

Where socks disappear to after they’ve been washed is one of life’s little mysteries.

The origins of this tradition remain shrouded in mystery.

Mystery has always surrounded the purpose of the great stone circle of Stonehenge.

We wondered about the great mystery of death.

(=part of something that seems mysterious)

There is an element of mystery and miracle in the process.

(=a feeling that something is mysterious)

The garden had hidden corners that gave it a sense of mystery.

an event, situation etc that people do not understand or cannot explain because they do not know enough about it

神秘事物，难以理解的事物，谜

Twenty years after the event, his death [remains a mystery](bold).

事情过去二十年了，他的死仍然是个谜。

The way her mind worked [was](bold) always [a mystery to](bold) him.

她脑子里在想些什么对他来说始终是个谜。

‘Why did he do it?’ ‘I don’t know. [It’s a complete mystery](bold).’

“他为什么这么做？” “我不知道，这完全是个谜。”

The police never [solved](bold) the [mystery](bold) of Gray’s disappearance.

警察一直没有侦破格雷失踪的谜案。

But why would anyone want to kill Jack? [The mystery deepened](bold).

但为什么会有人想杀死杰克呢？疑团越来越深了。

What happened to the paintings after that is an [unsolved mystery](bold).

后来那些画的命运如何是个不解之谜。

I don’t know how he got the job – it’s [one of life’s little mysteries](bold).

我不知道他是怎么得到那份工作的——那永远是个小小的谜。

How life began on Earth is one of the great mysteries of science.

地球生命的起源是一大科学谜团。

the quality that something or someone has when they seem strange, secret, or difficult to understand or explain

Her dark glasses gave her an [air of mystery](bold).

戴上墨镜给她增添了一丝神秘气质。

Annie knew that there was some [mystery surrounding](bold) her birth.

安妮知道她的身世是个谜。

The circumstances of his death were veiled in mystery.

他的死笼罩着一层神秘气息。

a subject, activity etc that is very complicated, secret, or difficult to understand, and that people want to learn about

his introduction to the mysteries of the perfume business

他初次接触神秘的香水行业

a story, film, or play about a murder, in which you are not told who the murderer is until the end

悬疑[推理，侦探]故事[电影，戏剧]

一部阿加莎•克里斯蒂的悬疑小说


mystery

used to describe someone or something that people do not recognize or know anything about, especially when this causes great interest

Who was the mystery woman spotted on board the yacht with the prince?

那个被发现和王子同在游艇上的神秘女人是谁？


mystical

also: [mystic](bold)  [adj](bold) <[usually before noun](bold)>

involving religious,spiritual, or magical powers that people cannot understand

神秘的；神奇的，不可思议的

音乐的精神力量以及神秘能力


myth

Stalin created a lot of myths about himself.

People still believe the myth that money will bring them happiness.

Our  goal is to debunk the myth that science is boring.

A number of myths have grown up about their relationship.

The myth still persists that we need to build more roads.

Myth had it that Mrs Thatcher only needed four hours sleep a night.

Contrary to popular myth, most road accidents are not the result of speeding.

Is it a modern myth that we are living in a classless society?

(=that has a lot of influence on people)

There is a powerful myth that crime has increased – in fact there was much more crime 100 years ago.

The idea that Kennedy was shot by the CIA is one of the enduring myths of our time.

It’s a complete myth that eating carrots helps you to see in the dark.

an idea or story that many people believe, but which is not true

〔许多人相信的〕错误观念，荒诞说法

It was important to dispel the myth that AIDS was a gay disease.

an ancient story, especially one invented in order to explain natural or historical events


mythology

[mythological](bold) /ˌmɪθəˈlɒdʒɪk/ US /-ˈlɑː-/  adj. eg: The walls are painted with mythological scenes.

ideas or opinions that many people have, but that are wrong or not true

〔许多人所持有的〕错误的想法，不正确的看法

According to [popular mythology](bold), school days are the best days of your life.

一种很流行的错误看法是，学生时代是人生中最美好的时期。


nail

[hit the nail on the head](bold) at → [hit](->hit) 1 sense 26

Her long nails were painted a pearly pink.

She had small hands with polished finger nails.

Don't paint short nails in dark colours.

(=to make your nails look attractive by cutting them and making the skin around them neat)

She had manicured nails and expensive clothes.

(=to accidentally damage a nail on one of your fingers)

a thin pointed piece of metal with a flat top, which you hit into a surface with a hammer, for example to join things together or to hang something on

The key was hanging on a nail by the door.

钥匙挂在门边的一颗钉子上。

your nails are the hard smooth layers on the ends of your fingers and toes

She sat [painting](bold) her [nails](bold)(=putting a coloured substance on them).

→ [fingernail](->fingernail) → [toenail](->toenail)

one of several bad things which help to destroy someone’s success or hopes

导致某人/某事物失败的因素

Observers fear that this strike will be [another nail in the coffin](bold) of the industry.

观察家担心这次罢工将是对该行业的又一次致命打击。

the [final nail in](bold) his [coffin](bold)

very tough and not easily frightened, or not caring about the effects of your actions on other people

铁石心肠的，冷酷无情的；非常坚强的

if you pay money on the nail, you pay it immediately

They [got it](bold) absolutely [on the nail](bold).


nail

to fasten something to something else with nails

A sign saying ‘No Fishing’ had been nailed to the tree.

树上钉着一块写有“禁止钓鱼”的牌子。

nail sth up (=permanently close a window or door by fixing something across it using nails)

to catch someone and prove that they are guilty of a crime or something bad

It took us 10 years to nail the guy who killed our daughter.

我们花了十年时间，终于将杀害我们女儿的那个家伙绳之以法。

The state police finally nailed him for fraud.

州警方最终以诈骗罪拘捕了他。

if you nail something, you succeed in getting it, after a lot of time or effort

〔花费很多时间或精力而〕得到

她终于找到了理想的工作。

to do something perfectly, especially when singing or performing

〔尤指唱歌或表演时〕出色完成，完美演绎

I thought that song might be too big for you, but you absolutely [nailed it](bold)!

我原以为那首歌对你来说可能太难了，没想到你唱得棒极了！

to prove that what someone has said is completely untrue

to say clearly and publicly which ideas or which people you support


naive

[naively](bold) adv. eg: I had naively imagined that he was in love with me.

[naivety](bold) /naɪˈiːvəti/  also: naiveté /naɪˈiːvəteɪ/  n. <U> eg: dangerous political naivety

not having much experience of how complicated life is, so that you trust people too much and believe that good things will always happen

无经验的，幼稚的，天真的

[it is naive to think/suppose/assume etc](bold)

It would be naive to think that this could solve all the area’s problems straight away.

认为这样就可以马上解决该地区的所有问题也太天真了。


naked

not wearing any clothes or not covered by clothes – used especially when this seems rather shocking

He got out of bed naked, and answered the telephone.

to not be wearing any clothes. This phrase is very commonly used in everyday English instead of saying that someone is [naked](bold)

Can you wait a minute? I've got nothing on!

The little boy didn’t have anything on when he answered the door!

used about feet, legs, arms etc that are not covered by clothes

The sand was too hot to walk on in bare feet.

naked – used especially when talking about naked people in paintings, films etc

not wearing any clothes, especially because you have just taken them off in order to go to bed, have a bath etc

Sara was undressed and ready for bed but Jenny was fully clothed.

Wearily she got undressed and stepped into the shower.

if a woman is topless, she is not wearing any clothes on the upper part of her body, so that her breasts are not covered

Men and women swam together in the nude and thought nothing of it.

He likes to sleep in his birthday suit. He says pyjamas are uncomfortable.

not wearing any clothes – a very informal use

a beach where you can sunbathe in the buff

The children ran naked through the yard.

孩子们光着身子跑过院子。

They found the body lying [half naked](bold) in the grass.

他们发现尸体半裸着躺在草丛中。

The governor ordered the prisoner to be [stripped naked](bold) and whipped.

监狱长下令将那个犯人剥光衣服进行鞭笞。

[stark naked](bold) [also](special) [buck naked/naked as a jaybird](bold) AmE(=completely naked)

In everyday English, people often say that someone [has nothing on](bold)  or [doesn’t have anything on](bold)  rather than say they [are naked](bold) :

They ran through the yard [with nothing on](bold).

if you can see something with the naked eye, you can see it without using anything to help you, such as a telescope

The mite is just visible to the naked eye.

Through his telescope he could see millions of stars that were [invisible to the naked eye](bold).

通过望远镜他可以看见数以百万计肉眼看不见的星星。

Standing in front on his first day of teaching, Brad [felt](bold) completely [naked](bold).

执教的第一天站在学生面前，布拉德觉得手足无措。

truth, self-interest, aggression etc that is not hidden and is shocking

明摆着的事实/明显的自私自利/赤裸裸的侵略等

The president condemned the invasion as an act of naked aggression.

总统谴责这次入侵是赤裸裸的侵略行径。

a light, flame etc that is not enclosed by a cover

A naked light bulb dangled from the ceiling.

天花板上悬吊着一只光秃秃的灯泡。


name

[drag sb’s name through the mud](bold) at → [drag](->drag) 1 sense 10 → [pen name](->pen name)

(also: given name (especially AmE) (formal) )

People usually call each other by their first name.

Please write your given name and your date of birth.

the name that you share with your family or husband. Most English speakers would say [last name](bold). [Surname](bold) sounds slightly formal

Johnson is a common English family name.

At school they used to call each other by their surnames.

the name between your first and last names

your first name, middle name, and last name

a woman’s family name before she married and began using her husband’s name

a woman’s family name after she gets married, if she uses her husband’s name

a name that people call you because of your appearance, personality etc, which is not your real name

At school he was given the nickname ‘Shorty’.

the name that an actor uses which is not their real name

She began acting in her childhood under the stage name Marjorie Moore.

a name that a writer uses which is not their real name

Mark Twain was his pen name. His real name was Samuel Clemens.

She wrote under the pseudonym of George Eliot.

using a false name in order to hide your real name

He had rented the car under an assumed name.

a false name, especially one used by a criminal

a name which describes something – a very formal use

This fine city justifies its appellation ‘the Pearl of the Orient’.

Jackson gained the sobriquet ‘Stonewall’ at the Battle of Bull Run.

(=tell people that you have a particular name)

Are you going to take your husband’s name when you get married?

Many immigrants changed their names to seem more American.

(=tell someone your name, especially someone in an official position)

His first name is Tom, but I don’t know his last name.

I didn’t know him well enough to use his first name.

(=say someone’s name loudly, to get their attention)

He called Jean’s name, but there was no answer.

(=be called something by people, often when that is not your real name)

As he had long red hair, he went by the name of Red.

The headteacher knew all the children by name.

The company wants to maintain its good name.

Most students feel that both boys and girls deserve a bad name if they sleep around.

He made a name for himself as a conductor of the Berlin Orchestra.

(=prove that you have not done something bad or illegal)

(=make someone or something have a bad reputation)

A scandal like this could give the university a bad name.

她的名字是曼迪·威尔逊。

[by the name of sth](bold)(=called something)

He married a young lady by the name of Sarah Hunt.

他娶了一位名叫萨拉·亨特的年轻姑娘。

under the name (of) sth (=using a different name from your real name)

HH 芒罗以笔名萨基从事写作。

what a thing, organization, or place is called

〔物体、机构或地方的〕名字，名称

The flower’s [common name](bold)(=name that is used by ordinary people, not its scientific name) is forget-me-not.

the opinion that people have about a person or organization

→see THESAURUS at [reputation](->reputation)

He didn’t want to do anything to damage the [good name](bold) of the company.

他不想做任何有损公司良好声誉的事。

The restaurant got a [bad name](bold) for slow service.

这家餐馆因为服务慢而名声不好。

They [give](bold) the rest of the fans [a bad name](bold).

他们害其他的球迷背上骂名。

The company [has a name for](bold) reliability.

这家公司以信誉可靠闻名。

[make your name/make a name for yourself](bold)(=become famous for something)

He quickly made a name for himself in the Parisian art world.

他很快就在巴黎的艺术界闯出了名气。

[clear your name](bold)(=prove that you did not do something bad or illegal)

a person, company, or product that is very famous or is known by many people

非常著名的人[公司，产品]

some of the biggest names in show business

It made the company into a household name (=a very well-known person or thing).

这让该公司变得家喻户晓。

to use unpleasant words to describe someone in order to insult or upset them

其他孩子过去经常辱骂我。

[call sb all the names under the sun](bold)(=use many unpleasant words)

if something is in someone’s name, it officially belongs to them or is for them to use

I’ve booked a table in the name of Steinmann.

我以斯坦曼的名字订了餐位。

as someone else’s official representative

I claim this land in the name of the King!

我以国王的名义宣布拥有这块土地！

something seems to be appropriate for or deserved by a particular person

The match has England’s name on it (=they will win it).

这场比赛英格兰队赢定了。

in the name of religion/freedom/science etc

using religion, freedom etc as the reason why something is done – used especially when you disapprove of what someone is doing

以宗教/自由/科学等为名〔含贬义〕

cruel experiments on animals carried out in the name of science

以科学为名进行的残酷的动物实验

the things people do in the name of love

to have or own something – used to emphasize that someone has very little or a lot of something

拥有某物〔用于强调所有物很少或很多〕

He died [without a penny to his name](bold)(=very poor).

He didn’t have a qualification to his name.

the most important thing in a particular activity or situation

〔某活动或情况〕最为重要的方面

used to say that someone is not able to say what something is called

I know the tune but I can’t put a name to it.

我知道这曲调，但说不出曲名来。

to talk about someone without showing respect for them

How dare you [take the Lord’s name in vain](bold)(=swear using a word such as ‘God’ or ‘Jesus’)?

if a situation exists in name only, it does not really exist even though officially people say it does

if something is true in all but name, it is really true, even though people do not officially say that it is true

她虽无名分，但事实上就是他的妻子。

used to say that people are angry with someone because of something he or she has done – used especially humorously

某人臭名昭著〔尤为幽默用法〕

If anything goes wrong, your name will be mud.

要是出了什么问题，你的名声就毁了。


name

to give someone or something a particular name

name sb/sth after sb/sth (=give someone or something the same name as another person or thing)

用他父亲的名字给他取了名。

The street is named after the famous South African leader, Nelson Mandela.

这条街是以南非著名领袖纳尔逊·曼德拉的名字命名的。

name sth for sb/sth [AmE](bold) (=give something the same name as a person or thing)

The college is named for George Washington.

这所大学以乔治•华盛顿的名字命名。

[a man/woman etc named sth](bold)(=someone with a particular name)

In everyday English, people usually say someone or something is [called](bold)  something rather than [named](bold)  something:

to say what the name of someone or something is, especially officially

确认 …的姓名，说出 …的名字[名称]

The two murder victims have yet to be named.

两名凶案受害者的姓名有待确认。

The woman who was shot has been named as Mary Radcliff.

被枪杀的女子经确认名叫玛丽·拉德克利夫。

She has secret information and is threatening to [name names](bold)(=name the people who were involved in something, especially something bad or illegal).

她掌握着秘密情报，并且威胁要说出相关人员的名字。

They’re a lot better than some airlines I [could name](bold).

他们比我叫得上名字的一些航空公司要好得多。

[name and shame](bold) BrE(=say publicly who is responsible for something illegal that has happened, or who has not achieved a particular standard)

to officially choose someone or something, especially for an important job or prize

该电影被评为最佳外语片。

Quinn has been named as the new team manager.

奎因被任命为该队的新任主教练。

Fitzgerald was named to the committee by the chairman.

菲茨杰拉德被主席选入该委员会。

used after a short list of things or people to say that there are many more you could mention

used after a list of things to mean that there are many more you could mention

凡是你说得出的（应有尽有）！

Clothes, books – you name it, they've got it!

服装、书籍——凡是你说得出的，他们都有！

to say how much you are willing to pay for something or sell something for


namely

used when saying the names of the people or things you are referring to

Three students were mentioned, namely John, Sarah and Sylvia.

有三名学生被提到，即约翰、萨拉和西尔维娅。


nap

I like to have a brief nap in the afternoon.

At age four, she was still having a two-hour nap every day.

(=a short sleep at work, that gives you more energy and concentration)

Try taking a power nap before the meeting.

I envied her ability to take catnaps at any time of the day.

You can always tell when it's a baby's nap time because they start getting irritable.

a short sleep, especially during the day

〔尤指白天的〕小睡，打盹

我午饭后通常要小睡一会儿。

the soft surface on some cloth and leather, made by brushing the short fine threads or hairs in one direction

〔布或皮革上的〕绒面，绒毛


nap

[past tense and past participle](italic) [napped](bold) [present participle](italic) [napping](bold)

to not be ready to deal with something when it happens, although you should be ready for it

The German team were caught napping and Lampard scored the winning goal.

德国队一不留神，兰帕德攻入了制胜的一球。

to sleep for a short time during the day


narrate

to explain what is happening in a film or television programme as part of the film or programme

〔在电影或电视节目中〕解说

a wildlife film narrated by David Attenborough

一部由大卫•艾登堡解说的野生动植物影片

to tell a story by describing all the events in order, for example in a book


narrative

[narrative](bold) adj. eg: a narrative poem eg: narrative structure

a description of events in a story, especially in a novel

〔尤指小说中的〕叙述，记叙

At several points in the narrative the two stories cross.

叙述中两条故事线多次交织在一起。


narrator

the person who tells the story in a book or a play

〔书或戏剧中的〕叙述者，讲述者

the person who describes or explains what is happening in a film or television programme but who is not seen

〔电影或电视节目中的〕解说员，旁白员


narrow

→ [narrowly](->narrowly) → [narrows](->narrows) [the straight and narrow](bold) at → [straight](->straight) 3 sense 2

measuring only a small distance from one side to the other, especially in relation to the length

the narrow passage between the cottage and the house

a situation in which you only just avoid danger, difficulties, or trouble

A woman [had a narrow escape](bold) yesterday when her car left the road.

昨天一名女子驾车时冲出公路，险些丢了性命。

He was shaken by his narrow escape from death.

a victory etc that is only just achieved or happens by only a small amount

险胜/惜败/微弱多数/微小的差距等

The president won a narrow victory in the election.

He persuaded a narrow majority of the party to support the government.

他说服了该党派中的微弱多数，让他们支持政府。

Scotland eventually won the match by the narrow margin of 5–4.

苏格兰队最终以5比4的微弱优势获胜。

The expression [a narrow victory/defeat](bold)  is used mostly in writing. In everyday British English, people often say that someone [only just won/lost](bold)  or, in everyday American English, [barely won/lost](bold) .

a narrow attitude or way of looking at a situation is too limited and does not consider enough possibilities

You’ve got a very [narrow view](bold) of life.

Some teachers have a narrow vision of what art is.

有些教师对于什么是艺术认识狭隘。

a meaning of a word that is exact or limited

I use the word ‘neighbour’ in its more precise or narrower sense.

我说的是较准确或较狭义的“邻居”。

The company offered only a narrow range of financial services.

该公司只提供有限种类的金融服务。


narrow

to make something narrower, or to become narrower

He [narrowed](bold) his [eyes](bold) and gazed at the horizon.

他眯起眼睛凝望着地平线。

The track divided into two and narrowed.

小道分成两条并且变窄了。

if a range, difference etc narrows, or if something narrows it, it becomes less

（使）〔范围、差距等〕缩小

The choice of goods available is narrowing.

可供选择的商品越来越少。

The economic gap between the two halves of the country was beginning to narrow.

该国两个区域之间的经济差距开始缩小。


narrowly

He was narrowly defeated in the election.

他在选举中以微弱差距败北。

One bullet struck his car, narrowly missing him.

一颗子弹击中了他的汽车，差点打中他。

A man narrowly escaped death when a fire broke out in his home on Sunday morning.

周日早晨一名男子家中起火，险些丧命。

The law is being interpreted too narrowly.

对该法律的诠释过于狭隘。

These big general issues should be broken down into more narrowly focused questions.

这些笼统的大问题应该被细分成若干个更具体的问题。


nasty

[comparative](italic) [nastier](bold) [superlative](italic) [nastiest](bold)

nasty behaviour or remarks are extremely unkind and unpleasant

不友善的；不好的；恶毒的

the nasty things that were being written about her

There’s a nasty streak in her character.

她性格中有令人讨厌的一面。

Drivers often have a [nasty habit](bold) of driving too close to cyclists.

司机常有一个坏习惯，就是车开得离骑自行车的人太近。

Don’t be so nasty to your mum (=do not treat her unkindly).

[get/turn nasty](bold) especially BrE(=suddenly start behaving in a threatening way)

When Harry refused, Don turned nasty and went for him with both fists.

哈里拒绝后，唐翻了脸，挥动双拳向哈里扑去。

someone who is nasty behaves in an unkind and unpleasant way

不友好的；恶意的；令人不愉快的

I went to school with him – he was nasty then and he’s nasty now.

我和他一起上过学——他那时很可恶，现在还是很可恶。

a nasty experience, feeling, or situation is unpleasant

I had a nasty feeling that a tragedy was going to happen.

我有一种很不好的感觉，一场悲剧将要发生。

Life has a [nasty habit](bold) of repeating itself.

生活总是令人厌烦地重复着。

He had a [nasty accident](bold) while riding in the forest.

他在森林中骑马时出了严重的事故。

When you feel you’ve been cheated, it always [leaves a nasty taste in](bold) the [mouth](bold)(=makes you feel upset or angry afterwards).

感觉自己被骗之后，心里总会留下很不好受的滋味。

The weather [turned nasty](bold) towards the evening.

having a bad appearance, smell, taste etc

→see THESAURUS at [horrible](->horrible)

a market stall selling [cheap and nasty](bold) watches

卖廉价而难看的手表的集市摊位

He was carried off the field with a nasty injury.

someone who is dishonest, violent, or likely to cause trouble

不诚实的人；凶暴的人；易惹麻烦的人


nation

The United States is the most powerful nation in the world.

(=one that rules itself, rather than being run by another country)

Countries that were once colonies of Britain are now independent nations.

The rich industrial nations dominate the global economy.

In the developed nations, many students go on to university.

(=one that is starting to have more industry)

Food shortages are often a problem in developing nations.

Most tourists come from the wealthy nations of the world.

The high cost of medicines in poor nations prevents many citizens from receiving health care.

He led the nation out of a depression and into a period of growth and prosperity.

There are many problems facing our nation.

(=make everyone in a nation feel shocked)

This terrible crime has shocked the whole nation.

a country, considered especially in relation to its people and its social or economic structure

→see THESAURUS at [country](->country) 1

the president’s radio broadcast to the nation

a large group of people of the same race and language


national

related to a whole nation as opposed to any of its parts

Religion matters very much at a national level.

Between 1929 and 1933 America’s national income fell by more than half.

1929至1933年间，美国的国民收入下降过半。

There are strong indications that the prime minister will call national elections in May.

有明显迹象预示首相将于5月召集全国大选。

relating to one particular nation as opposed to other nations

We refuse to sign any treaty that is against our national interests.

我们拒绝签署任何违反本国利益的条约。

owned or controlled by the central government of a country

the National Institute for Space Research


national

someone who is a citizen of a particular country but is living in another country

[Foreign nationals](bold) were advised to leave the country.

Turkish nationals who are living in the UK


nationalism

ˈnæʃənəlɪzəm

ˈnæʃənəlɪzəm

the desire by a group of people of the same race, origin, language etc to form an independent country

love for your own country and the belief that it is better than any other country

Under his leadership, a strong sense of nationalism emerged.

在他的领导下，人们心中涌出强烈的民族自豪感。


nationality

ˌnæʃəˈnæləti

ˌnæʃəˈnæləti

the state of being legally a citizen of a particular country

[dual nationality](bold)(=the state of being a citizen of two countries)

a large group of people with the same race, origin, language etc

the different nationalities within the former USSR


nationally

The programme will be broadcast nationally.


national park

land which is protected by a government because of its natural beauty or historical or scientific interest, and which people can visit

〔加利福尼亚〕约塞米蒂国家公园


nationwide

[nationwide](bold) adv. eg: We have 350 sales outlets nationwide.

[adj](bold) <[usually before noun](bold)>

happening or existing in every part of the country

a nationwide search for a missing British tourist

在全国范围内对一名失踪英国游客的搜寻


native

your native country, town etc is the place where you were born

He spent most of his professional life outside his native Poland.

他大部分的职业生涯都没在祖国波兰度过。

native New Yorker/population/inhabitants etc

a person or people who come from or have always lived in a particular place

土生土长的纽约人/当地人口/当地居民等

the language you spoke when you first learned to speak

English is not the native language for almost half of our overseas visitors.

我们有差不多一半的海外游客母语不是英语。

growing, living, produced etc in one particular place

Singapore has many [native species](bold) of palm.

新加坡有很多土生的棕榈树种。

native customs, traditions etc are related to people who lived in a particular country before European people arrived there

a native ability is one that you have naturally from birth

to behave, dress, or speak like the people who live in the country where you have come to stay or work – used humorously

Austen has been living in New Guinea so long he’s gone native.

奥斯汀在新几内亚住了那么久，已经入乡随俗了。


native

a person who was born in a particular place

someone who lives in a place all the time or has lived there a long time

本地人，当地人；久居某地的人

a word used by white people in the past to refer to the people who lived in America, Africa, southern Asia etc before European people arrived, now considered offensive

土著人〔旧时白人称呼先于欧洲人居住在美洲、非洲和南亚等地的当地人〕

He was not certain whether the natives were friendly.

他不敢肯定土著人是否友好。

a plant or animal that grows or lives naturally in a place


native speaker

someone who has learned a particular language as their first language, rather than as a foreign language

以某种语言为母语的人，说本族语的人

For the spoken language, students are taught by native speakers.

学生们由母语人士来教授口语。


natural

[naturalness](bold) n. <U> eg: Manufacturers now choose to emphasize the naturalness of the ingredients used in their products.

existing in nature and not caused, made, or controlled by people

We only use natural ingredients in our products.

used about flowers, plants, and animals that are not controlled by people. Also used about areas of land where there are no humans

used about food, drink, or materials that have not had anything added to them

used about fruit, vegetables, meat etc produced without using chemicals

a place that is unspoiled is still beautiful because no one has built roads or buildings on it

The countryside is remarkably unspoiled.

a place that is untouched has not been affected by human activity

There are few forested areas of the world that remain untouched by humans.

virgin forest or land is still in its natural state and has not been spoiled or changed in any way by humans

Large areas of virgin rainforest will be protected from destruction.

He bought 14,000 acres of virgin land in Ontario.

the study of [the natural world](bold)(=trees, rivers, animals, plants etc)

[natural disasters](bold)(=things such as floods or [earthquake](bold,->earthquake)s)

办公室里需要自然光的照射

正常的；自然的；预料中的

At the time, accepting his offer had seemed [the most natural thing in the world](bold).

当时，接受他的提议似乎是再自然不过的事了。

It’s not natural for a child of his age to be so quiet.

像他这个年纪的孩子如此安静是不正常的。

[It’s](bold) only [natural that](bold) he should be interested in what happens.

他关注所发生的事情是很正常的。

It was a [perfectly natural](bold)(=not surprising) mistake to make.

犯这样的错误太正常不过了。

a natural tendency or type of behaviour is part of your character when you are born, rather than one that you learn later

天生的；与生俱来的；本能的

having a particular quality or skill without needing to be taught and without needing to try hard

天赋的；天生具有某种素质[技能]的

Cheryl has a natural elegance about her.

谢里尔身上有一种与生俱来的优雅。

behaving in a way that is normal and shows you are relaxed and not trying to pretend

someone’s natural parent or child is their real parent or child, who is biologically  related to them

An adopted young person has the right to trace his natural parents.

被收养的年轻人有权寻找自己的亲生父母。

if someone is the natural child of someone, their parents were not married to each other

He was rumoured to be the natural son of a duke.

谣传他是某位公爵的私生子。

not connected with gods, magic, or spirits

与神仙鬼怪无关的，科学的

I’m sure there’s a perfectly natural explanation.

我相信一定有一个完全合乎常理的解释。

justice that is based on human reason alone

天然的，未添加其他成分的

a musical note that is natural has been raised from a flat by one semitone or lowered from a sharp by one semitone

〔音符〕本位音的，标明本位号的


natural

to be good at doing something without having to try hard or practise

People think I am a natural, but I’ve had to work at it.

人们认为我有天赋，但我也是得靠努力的。

a musical note that has been changed from a flat to be a semitone higher, or from a sharp to be a semitone lower

the sign in written music that shows this kind of musical note


naturally

use this to say that something is normal and not surprising

Naturally, you’ll want to discuss this with your wife.

当然，你一定想和你妻子商量一下这件事。

[Naturally enough](bold), she wanted her child to grow up fit and strong.

很自然，她希望自己的孩子健康茁壮地成长。

use this to say ‘yes’ when you agree with someone or when you think the person who asked the question should know that your reply will be ‘yes’

“我可以进来吗？”“当然。”

in a way that is the result of nature, not of someone’s actions

[come naturally (to sb)](bold)(=be easy for you to do because you have a natural ability)

Speaking in public seems to come quite naturally to her.

当众演讲似乎是她与生俱来的能力。

in a relaxed manner without trying to look or sound different from usual

Just speak naturally and pretend the microphone isn’t there.

自然地说就行，就当麦克风不存在。


nature

[be/become second nature (to sb)](bold) at → [second](->second) 1 sense 11 [the call of nature](bold) at → [call](->call) 2 sense 12

everything in the physical world that is not controlled by humans, such as wild plants and animals, earth and rocks, and the weather

We grew up in the countryside, surrounded by the beauties of nature.

我们在乡村长大，周围是美丽的大自然。

The inhabitants of the island fight a constant battle against the forces of nature.

那座岛上的居民经常和大自然的力量抗争。

All these materials are found in nature.

所有这些材料都能在自然界中找到。

Disease is [nature’s way](bold) of keeping the population down.

疾病是大自然控制人口的方法。

Don’t say ‘the nature’ in this meaning. You say: the power of nature
Don’t say: [the power of the nature](strike)

个性开朗、容易相处的孩子

[It’s](bold) just not [in](bold) Jane’s [nature](bold) to lie.

She was by nature a very affectionate person.

她生性就是个非常亲切的人。

I tried appealing to his [better nature](bold)(=his feelings of kindness) but he wouldn’t agree to help us.

我想唤起他的善良本性，但他就是不同意帮助我们。

Of course she’s jealous – it’s only [human nature](bold)(=the feelings and ways of behaving that all people have).

她当然嫉妒——这只是人的天性。

the qualities or features that something has

They asked a lot of questions about the nature of our democracy.

He examined the nature of the relationship between the two communities.

他调查了那两个社区之间关系的特点。

The exact nature of the problem is not well understood.

大家还未弄清楚该问题的确切本质。

[different/political/temporary etc in nature](bold)

Any government funding would be temporary in nature.

Capitalist society is [by its very nature](bold) unstable.

从本质而言，资本主义社会是不稳定的。

[of a personal/political/difficult etc nature](bold)

The support being given is of a practical nature.

I never trouble myself with questions of that nature.

我从不自寻烦恼考虑那类问题。

according to the natural way things happen

In the nature of things, there is bound to be the occasional accident.

按照事物的规律，偶尔发生事故是必然的。

The enquiry will be more in the nature of a public meeting than a formal hearing.

调查将更像是一次公众会议而不是正式的听证会。

They believe that suicide is against nature.

to allow events to happen without doing anything to change the results

The best cure for a cold is to let nature take its course.

治感冒最好的办法就是顺其自然。

a style of living in which people try to live simply and not use modern machines

〔生活方式的〕返璞归真，回归自然

city workers who want to [get back to nature](bold) in their holidays

休假时想回归自然的城市上班族


naughty

a naughty child does not obey adults and behaves badly

〔孩子〕淘气的，顽皮的，没有规矩的，不听话的

You’re a very naughty boy! Look what you’ve done!

你真是个淘气鬼！瞧你干了些什么！

if an adult does something naughty, they do something that is not right or good, but is not very serious

I felt a bit naughty going off on my own, leaving the children behind.

我把孩子们留下，自己走开了，觉得有点不妥当。

naughty jokes, magazines, films etc deal with sex, especially in a humorous way

〔尤指形式幽默的〕黄色笑话/杂志/电影等

a stair where a child is told to sit for a period of time as a punishment when they have been naughty

罚坐台阶〔小孩子因调皮捣蛋而被罚坐其上的台阶〕


naval

relating to the navy or used by the navy


navigation

ˌnævəˈɡeɪʃən

ˌnævəˈɡeɪʃən

[navigational](bold) adj. <only before noun>

the science or job of planning which way you need to go when you are travelling from one place to another

compasses and other instruments of navigation

when someone sails a ship along a river or other area of water

Navigation becomes more difficult further up the river.

越往河的上游，航行越困难。

when you click on words, pictures etc in order to move between documents that are connected on the Internet


navy

the part of a country’s military forces that fights at sea

He [joined the navy](bold) during the war.

他在战争期间参加了海军。

The jacket is available in navy, green, or brown.

这款夹克有藏青色、绿色和棕色。


near

only a short distance from something or someone

If we moved to Dallas, we’d be near my parents.

very near something or someone, or almost touching them

Nancy came and sat close beside me on the bed.

not a long distance away – used when saying that a place is near enough to be easy to get to

A group of reporters were waiting nearby.

easy to walk to from somewhere, or near enough to something for you to walk there

There’s a good school within walking distance.

The house is within walking distance of shopping facilities.

to be near a place that people want to get to, so that the place is easy to reach

The area is very convenient for Gatwick airport.

I want a hotel that’s convenient for the city centre.

in or near the area where you are or the area you are talking about

I prefer to buy fruit and vegetables that are grown locally.

living or existing in the area where you are or the area you are talking about

We grew up knowing all the other kids in the neighbourhood.

There’s very little crime in the neighborhood.

in the area around and near a particular place – used especially in news reports

A white van was seen in the vicinity at the time the murder took place.

used about towns, countries etc that are very near a particular place

discussions between Egypt and neighbouring states

The rioting quickly spread to neighbouring areas.

only a short distance from a person or thing

接近（地），靠近（地），离 …很近（地）

I’m sure they live [somewhere near here](bold).

我肯定他们就住在这附近。

They moved house to be nearer the school.

他们把家搬得离学校近一些。

She told the children not to [go near](bold) the canal.

她告诉孩子们不要走近运河。

I’m warning you – don’t [come any nearer](bold)!

We heard voices as we [drew near](bold) the village.

我们走近村子时听见了说话声。

I didn’t remember to phone until near the end of the week.

快到周末我才想起要打电话。

I’ll give you a ring a bit nearer to Christmas.

临近圣诞节时我会给你打电话。

They should send us more details [nearer the time](bold) of the concert.

临近音乐会时他们应该会给我们发更多详细信息。

almost doing something or almost in a particular state

A lot of the women were [near tears](bold).

We are [no nearer](bold) an agreement than we were six months ago.

我们没有达成协议，同六个月前相比，依然毫无进展。

He was near to panic as he scrambled out of the building.

他匆忙离开那栋大楼，几乎吓坏了。

He seemed to know that he was near to death.

他似乎知道自己快要死了。

通货膨胀率目前接近10%。

他看上去更像50岁而不是40岁。

Unemployment is now near to its all-time low.

失业率现已接近历史最低点。

Strawberries are near the top of the list.

草莓列在清单的前几项里。

if something is near something else, it is similar to it

His story was [near enough](bold) the truth for people to believe it.

他的描述非常接近事实，足以令人相信。

They say that love is very near to hate.

It may not be an exact replica but it’s pretty damn near.

这也许说不上是完美的复制品，但的确已经十分相似了。

if an event is drawing near, it is nearly time for it to happen

The day of his interview was drawing near.

used to say that something is very nearly true or correct

The repairs will cost us £1,000, as near as damn it.

修理费要花掉我们将近1,000英镑。

used to say that something is nearly true or correct

All three car parks were full, near enough.

三个停车场差不多都满了。

used before an adjective or adverb to say that something is definitely not true

远非，绝不是〔用于形容词或副词之前〕

这项工作离结束还远着呢。

if one person or thing does not come near another one, it is not at all as good as the other one

None of the other word processing programs comes near this one.

其他的文字处理程序都不如这个程序好用。

if someone will not go near a person or thing, they dislike or are frightened of them and will not speak to the person or use the thing

某人不喜欢[不愿]接近某人/某物

He made up his mind never to go near a motorcycle again.

他下定决心再也不碰摩托车了。

used to emphasize that someone very nearly achieved or got something


near

only a short distance away from someone or something

It’s a beautiful house but it’s 20 miles away from the nearest town.

房子很漂亮，但离最近的城镇也有20英里。

We can meet at the pub or in the restaurant, whichever’s nearer for you.

我们可以在酒吧或餐馆见面，看哪个离你近一些。

You usually use [near](bold)  as a preposition. You say: The hotel is near the airport.

You can also say: The hotel is [near to](bold) the airport.
Don’t say: [near from the airport](strike)

[Near](bold)  is not usually used on its own as an adjective. You don’t usually say ‘The village is near.’ You usually say: The village is [not far away](bold).

You use [nearby](bold)  before a noun: We went to a nearby park.
Don’t say: [We went to a near park](strike) .

You can use the forms [nearer](bold)  and [nearest](bold)  as adjectives: My house is nearer.

You can use [nearest](bold)  before a noun: They headed for the nearest beach.

险些发生的灾难/几乎崩溃等

The election was a near disaster for the Conservative party.

那次选举对保守党来说几乎是场灾难。

the thing you have that is most like a particular type of thing

几乎就是某事物，就像某事物一样

He’s the nearest thing to a father I’ve got.

They promised to contact us again in the near future.

他们答应不久会再和我们联系。

if something you succeed in doing is a near thing, you manage to succeed but you nearly failed

They won the championship, but it was a near thing.

他们获得了冠军，但是赢得很险。

used to say that you just managed to avoid a dangerous or unpleasant situation

好险〔表示刚好躲过危险或不愉快的情况〕

That was a near thing – that truck was heading straight for us.

刚才好险啊，那辆卡车朝着我们直冲过来。

when a bomb, plane, car etc nearly hits something but does not

〔炸弹、飞机、汽车等〕几乎打中[撞上]

a near miss between two passenger aircraft over the airport

两架客机在机场上方险些相撞

a situation in which something almost happens, or someone almost achieves something

几乎发生，几乎达到〔某种结果〕

an amount to the nearest £10, hundred etc is the number nearest to it that can be divided by £10, a hundred etc

Give me the car mileage to the nearest thousand.

告诉我这车的行驶里程，按整千数算。

a relative who is very closely related to you such as a parent

The death of a near relative is a terrible trauma for a child.

亲人去世会对孩子造成巨大的心灵创伤。

某人的家人[亲人]，某人的至爱〔幽默用法〕

used to describe the side of something that is closest to where you are

used when talking about the parts of a vehicle to mean the one that is closest to the side of the road when you drive

〔交通工具〕靠路缘一侧的，靠左边的

The headlight on the near side isn’t working.


near

She began to feel nervous as she neared the house.

她走近那所房子时开始觉得紧张。

to come closer to being in a particular state

他现在55岁，快要退休了。

He was nearing the end of his stay in India.

他在印度的逗留期接近尾声。

if a time nears, it gets closer and will come soon

He got more and more nervous as the day of his departure neared.

离开的日子越来越近，他的心情也越来越紧张。


nearby

[nearby](bold) /nɪəˈbaɪ/ US /ˈnɪr-/  adv. eg: Dan found work on one of the farms nearby. eg: Do you live nearby?

Lucy was staying in the nearby town of Hamilton.

露西当时住在附近的汉密尔顿镇。


nearly

Don’t use [nearly](bold)  before negative words such as ‘no’ or ‘nothing’.
Don’t say: [I know nearly nothing about it.](strike)  [There was nearly no traffic.](strike)

You can use [almost](bold)  with negative words such as ‘no’ or ‘nothing’: I know [almost nothing](bold) about it. There was [almost no](bold) traffic.

You can also form negative sentences using [hardly](bold)  with ‘any’, ‘anything’ etc: I know [hardly anything](bold) about it. There was [hardly any](bold) traffic.

路易丝差不多和她母亲一样高。

I [nearly always](bold) go home for lunch.

He’s not nearly as good-looking as his brother.

We’ve saved some money, but it’s [not nearly enough](bold).

我们存了一点钱，不过还远远不够。


neat

[neatly](bold) adv. eg: He wrote his name neatly at the bottom of the page. eg: The problem was neatly summed up by one of the teachers.

His clothes were always [neat and clean](bold).

Everything in the house was [neat and tidy](bold).

房子里的每样物品都干净整齐。

She arranged the books in a [nice neat](bold) pile.

someone who is neat likes to keep things tidy

I liked working for him – he was a neat guy.

我喜欢为他工作——他是个很好的人。

something that is neat is small and attractive

a neat way of doing or saying something is simple but clever and effective

In the end we found a very neat solution to the problem.

最后我们找到了一个解决这个问题的巧妙办法。

a neat alcoholic drink has no ice or water or any other liquid added

〔酒〕纯的〔指不加冰、水或其他液体的〕


necessarily

Expensive restaurants aren’t necessarily the best.

昂贵的餐馆不一定是最好的。

Having this disease does not necessarily mean that you will die young.

患上此病不一定就会早逝。

‘So the school will have to close down, then?’ ‘Not necessarily.’

“那么这所学校得关闭了？”“也不一定。”

in a way that cannot be different or be avoided

The care of old people necessarily involves quite a lot of heavy lifting.

照顾老人必定会有很多抱起、扶起之类的重体力活儿。


necessary

used to describe something that you need to have or do

Make sure you bring the necessary documents with you.

It may be necessary for you to have a small operation.

very important and necessary, especially in order to be healthy, successful etc

Vitamins are essential for healthy growth.

The tourist industry is an essential part of the Spanish economy.

extremely important and necessary, especially in order to avoid serious problems

A vital piece of equipment on the spacecraft had stopped operating.

It is vital that the aid is sent immediately.

if something is compulsory, you must do it because of a rule or law

Maths and Science are compulsory subjects.

All new staff undergo a compulsory training course.

if something is obligatory, you must do it because of a rule or law. [Obligatory](bold) is more formal than [compulsory](bold)

Safety regulations have made it obligatory for all competitors to wear fist protectors.

if something is mandatory, you must do it because it is the law. [Mandatory](bold) is more formal than [compulsory](bold) and sounds stronger

a prisoner serving a mandatory life sentence

the requisite things are the ones that you need to have in order to do something

The other candidates lacked the requisite skills.

the requisite evidence needed for a successful prosecution

something that is necessary is what you need to have or need to do

必要的，必需的，必不可少的

The booklet provides all the necessary information about the college.

这本小册子提供了关于那所学院的所有必需信息。

No further changes were considered necessary.

没有必要作出进一步改变。

The police are advising motorists to travel only if their journey is absolutely necessary.

警方建议驾驶员如非万不得已不要驾车出行。

The doctor says it may be necessary for me to have an operation.

医生说我可能需要做手术。

[make it necessary (for sb) to do sth](bold)

Falling profits made it necessary to restructure the business.

利润下滑使得公司必须重组。

A good diet is necessary for maintaining a healthy body.

想保持身体健康，合理饮食必不可少。

I’ll stay up all night, if necessary, to get it finished.

如有必要，我会熬个通宵把这事做完。

In everyday English, instead of saying [it is necessary for sb to do sth](bold) , people usually say that someone [has to do sth](bold) :

[The doctor says it might [be necessary for me to have ](bold)an operation.](strike)

The doctor says I might [have to have](bold) an operation.

a connection, result etc that must exist and cannot be avoided

The closure of the factory was a necessary consequence of increased competition from abroad.

工厂倒闭是来自国外的竞争加剧的必然结果。

something bad or unpleasant that you have to accept in order to achieve what you want

〔为实现目的不得不接受的〕不得已的事，难免的坏事

Mr Hurst regarded work as a necessary evil.

赫斯特先生把工作看成是迫不得已的事情。


necessary

things such as food or basic clothes that you need in order to live

交给我吧，我会把该办的事都办好的。


necessitate

to make it necessary for you to do something

Lack of money necessitated a change of plan.

由于缺乏资金，只能改变计划。

This would necessitate interviewing all the staff.

这样一来，就得和所有员工面谈。


necessity

something that you need to have in order to live

She saw books as a necessity, not a luxury.

她视书籍为必需品而非奢侈品。

A car is an [absolute necessity](bold) if you live in the country.

你要是住在乡下，绝对需要有辆汽车。

A lot of families cannot even afford to buy the basic necessities of life.

很多家庭甚至买不起基本的生活必需品。

He emphasized the necessity for good planning and management.

他强调了做好规划和管理的必要。

This illustrates the necessity of keeping accurate records of your work.

这说明有必要准确记录你的工作情况。

Many teachers are now questioning the necessity of formal exams.

现在许多老师都在质疑正式考试的必要性。

He only remained with the group out of necessity.

他只是出于需要才留在那个小组。

I’m afraid it’s become [a matter of](bold) economic [necessity](bold).

恐怕这已成了经济上的必要之举。

something that must happen, even if it is unpleasant

无奈的事物；不好却必要的东西

税收虽不怎么受欢迎，却也是必要之举。

used when something happens in a particular way because that is the only possible way it can happen

Many of the jobs are, of necessity, temporary.

有许多工作岗位势必是临时性的。

used to say that if someone really needs to do something, they will find a way of doing it