excess

He lived through some of the worst excesses of apartheid in South Africa.

The Press Complaints Commission criticized the wilder excesses of tabloid journalism.

A strong press can help to curb the excesses of government.

(=do very bad or immoral things, especially hurting or killing people in an unacceptable way)

The excesses committed by a small number of soldiers have ruined the regiment's good name.

Government forces used the situation as an excuse to perpetrate excesses against suspected rebels.

a larger amount of something than is allowed or needed

After you apply the oil, wait 20 minutes before wiping off any excess.

涂上油以后，等20分钟再擦掉多余部分。

It was an excess of enthusiasm that caused the problem.

是过度热情引起了这一问题。

The car reached speeds in excess of 100 miles per hour.

这辆汽车的时速超过了100英里。

to do something too much or too often, so that it may harm you

Drinking is OK as long as you don’t do it to excess.

harmful actions that are socially or morally unacceptable

The government was unable to [curb](bold) the [excesses](bold) of the secret police.

政府无法约束秘密警察的过分行为。

the [worst excesses](bold) of journalism

新闻工作中那些最糟糕的越轨行为

behaviour which is not acceptable because it is too extreme

a long sermon against the dangers of excess

告诫极端行为会造成危害的长篇大论


excess

additional and not needed because there is already enough of something

bags or cases that weigh more than the legal limit that you can take on a plane


excessive

[excessively](bold) adv. eg: excessively high taxes

The fine I had to pay was grossly excessive and totally unfair.

I think £100 for a meal is rather excessive, to say the least.

I thought her reaction was somewhat excessive.

Farmers have been criticized for their excessive use of chemical fertilizers.

I was staying up late, consuming excessive amounts of coffee.

The men claim that the police officers used excessive force.

Excessive speed is a major cause of road accidents.

much more than is reasonable or necessary

$15 for two beers seems a little excessive.

两杯啤酒要15美元，似乎有点过分。


exchange

There followed a brief exchange between Mitti and Helga in German.

His angry exchange with the referee earned him a yellow card.

I overheard a heated exchange between John and his wife.

(=in which people show their anger and criticize each other)

The newspaper article led to a series of acrimonious exchanges between leading scientists.

(=one that shows someone disapproves of something or is annoyed)

The proposed bill provoked some sharp exchanges in the House of Commons.

(=one in which people criticize each other with strong feelings of hate and anger)

There were bitter exchanges between them outside the court room.

The two boxers recently became involved in a heated verbal exchange.

We have seen wide fluctuations in rates of currency exchange this year.

(=money in the currency of a foreign country, that a country gets by selling goods abroad)

Timber is a vital source of foreign exchange earnings for the country.

What's the current exchange rate between the dollar and the euro?

(=a financial market where different currencies are bought and sold)

The pound rose against the dollar on the world foreign currency exchange markets.

(=limits on the amount of a currency people are allowed to exchange)

The government is going to impose stricter exchange controls.

Our college arranged student exchanges with four colleges in France.

The staff exchange programme allows the company to share personnel with partner institutions abroad.

The mayors of Tokyo and New York signed an agreement to encourage cultural exchanges between the cities.

the act of giving someone something and receiving something else from them

I’ve offered to paint the kitchen in exchange for a week’s accommodation.

我提出愿意粉刷厨房，条件是让我免费住一周。

Four of my cassettes for your Madonna CD is a [fair exchange](bold).

我用四盒磁带换你的麦当娜激光唱片很公平。

a short conversation, usually between two people who are angry with each other

短时间的交谈〔通常指两人相互生气时〕

a quiet exchange between the judge and the clerk

法官和书记员轻声交换意见

The DJ was fired after a [heated exchange](bold)(=a very angry conversation) on air with a call-in listener.

那个音乐节目主持人在节目中和一名打电话来的收听者大吵了一顿，之后就被解雇了。

when people discuss or share ideas, information etc

The organization is dedicated to the free exchange of information.

该机构致力于信息的自由交流。

the act of giving something you have bought back to the store where you bought it, for example because it does not work, fit etc, and taking something else instead

The store’s policy is not to allow returns or exchanges.

该商店规定货品概不退换。

a process in which you change money from one currency to another

Most capital cities have extensive exchange facilities.

大部分首府城市都有大量外汇兑换处。

an arrangement in which a student, teacher etc visits another school or university to work or study

〔学生、教师等的〕互访，交换

I’m here for one term, on an exchange with Dr. Fisher.

我在这里待一个学期，与费希尔博士作互访。

an arrangement in which you stay in someone’s home, do someone’s job etc for a short time while that person stays in your home, does your job etc

〔短期的〕住所[工作]交换

Kate’s in New York on an employee exchange so she can get some more training.

凯特在纽约参加雇员交换，这样她可以受到更多的培训。

an event during a war or fight when two people, armies etc shoot or fire missiles at each other

a large building in a town that was used in the past for buying and selling corn, wool etc

玉米/羊毛/棉花等交易所

→ [labour exchange](->labour exchange) → [stock exchange](->stock exchange)


exchange

to give something to someone, and receive a similar thing from them at the same time. [Exchange](bold) is often used about people telling each other about their ideas, phone numbers, addresses etc

They exchanged photographs before they met.

if you are unhappy with the jacket, you can always take it back and exchange it for another one.

These coupons can be exchanged for meals and accommodation.

to exchange something, especially money. Also used in British English about exchanging something you have bought for something different

We thought it was time we changed our car for something more modern.

to give something to someone, who gives you something similar

The two schools use the Internet to swap pictures, stories, and jokes.

I like your room better – do you want to do a swap?

to exchange something that you have for something that someone else has

The stolen phones are being traded for drugs.

The boys trade sports cards on the playground.

We've got lots of plants we don't need – do you want to do a trade?

to change the places of two or more people or things, so that each one is in the place the other was before

to do or give something, because someone has done or given something similar to you – a rather formal use

They invited us to dinner a while ago, and I'd like to reciprocate.

if you give something in exchange or in return for something else, you give it in order to get something else back

Williams will plead guilty in exchange for a reduced sentence.

In everyday British English, people usually say [swap](bold)  or, in everyday American English, [trade](bold) , rather than [exchange](bold) :

Do you want to [swap](bold)([(BrE)](bold))/[trade ](bold)([(AmE)](bold)) seats with me?

to give someone something and receive the same kind of thing from them at the same time

我们在圣诞节时交换礼物。

At the end of the game, players traditionally exchange shirts with each other.

按照传统，比赛结束时两队队员互换球衣。

to give someone something and receive something different from them

Where can I exchange my dollars for pounds?

我在哪里可以把美元兑换成英镑？

He exchanged the black jacket for a blue one.

他把那件黑夹克换成了蓝色的。

if two people exchange words, looks etc, they talk to each other, look at each other etc

Until this evening I had never so much as exchanged a word with him.

在今天晚上之前，我甚至连一句话都未跟他说过。

The two women exchanged glances and laughed.

那两个女子交换一下眼色，笑了起来。

I went over and exchanged greetings with everyone.

if two people exchange blows, they hit each other

to discuss something or share information, ideas etc

It’s a place where people can chat and exchange ideas.

在这个地方人们可以聊天和交流想法。

to complete the final stage of buying a house by signing a contract with the person you are buying it from

〔与卖方签署并〕交换购房契约


excite

She is a talented young actress who has excited a lot of interest.

Rumours of hidden treasure excited our curiosity.

She sought to excite the jury's sympathy at every possible opportunity.

The government's proposals have excited anger among teachers.

He accused sections of the media of trying to excite racial hatred.

The figures are unlikely to excite any reaction on the money markets.

The film excited a lot of favourable comments, both here and in America.

The photographs excited rumours that their marriage is over.

(=encourage people to discuss something when they do not know the facts)

The cut in US interest rates excited speculation of a similar cut in the UK.

to make someone feel happy, interested, or eager

His playing is technically brilliant, but it doesn’t excite me.

他的演奏技巧娴熟，但并不让我激动。

to cause a particular feeling or reaction

The court case has excited a lot of public interest.

这场官司引起了公众的极大兴趣。

He tried not to do anything to excite the suspicion of the police.

他尽量不做会引起警方怀疑的事。

这本书并未引起多大反响。

to make an organ, nerve etc in your body react or increase its activity

使〔身体器官、神经等〕活动


excited

[excitedly](bold) adv. eg: People had gathered and were talking excitedly.

feeling happy, especially about something good that has happened or is going to happen

The kids always get excited on their birthday.

An excited crowd watched their team win 3–0.

When we get home, the dogs are always excited to see us.

Doctors are very excited by the discovery.

She was thrilled to hear that you were in London.

I was thrilled when they told me that I’d got a place on the course.

very excited and full of energy, especially because you are experiencing something new or something that involves risks

She felt exhilarated by her new freedom.

to feel excited about something good that is going to happen and to think about it a lot

The kids are looking forward to their vacation – they’ve never been to California before.

She’s really looking forward to meeting him.

to be very excited about something good that is going to happen

extremely excited and interested when you are watching a film, game etc, because you do not know what is going to happen next

I was on the edge of my seat throughout the movie.

The game kept fans on the edge of their seats.

very excited and nervous because you are waiting to find out what has happened

Don’t keep us on tenterhooks! Did you pass your test?

rapturous behaviour shows that a large group of people are extremely excited and pleased

He came on the stage to rapturous applauseeveryone was clapping and cheering.

happy, interested, or hopeful because something good has happened or will happen

Steve flies home tomorrow – we’re all really excited.

史蒂夫明天坐飞机回家——我们都非常激动。

Maria’s starting to [get](bold) pretty [excited](bold) about the wedding.

玛丽亚开始对婚礼感到十分兴奋。

We’re all excited by the prospect of a party.

想到要举行一场聚会，我们都很兴奋。

Michelle sounded excited to hear from him.

米歇尔收到他的消息好像很兴奋。

I’m so excited that we’re going to New York.

我们要去纽约了，我很兴奋。

The food was [nothing to get excited about](bold)(=not very good or special).

食物很一般，没什么特别。

very nervous and upset about something so that you cannot relax

There’s no point getting excited about it. We can’t change things.

没必要紧张，我们改变不了什么。


excitement

The arrival of a stranger caused some excitement in the village.

He tried to hide his excitement, but his voice was shaking.

She could hardly control her excitement when I told her the news.

(=to be shaking slightly because you are so excited)

Her hands were trembling with excitement as she opened the letter.

Her excitement grew as the day of the wedding came nearer.

The initial excitement of my new job was starting to wear off.

The excitement after last month's elections is beginning to die down.

There is great excitement about the Pope's visit.

The children waited with growing excitement.

Nothing can beat driving a racing car for sheer excitement.

A goal two minutes from the end provided the game's only genuine excitement.

(=a feeling of being worried and unable to relax)

My nervous excitement increased with each passing minute.

I can still remember the intense excitement of going to see my first football match.

(=strong excitement about what you might achieve)

Back then, there was the heady excitement of discovering feminism and getting involved in politics.

Her voice was full of youthful excitement.

They were full of excitement at the thought of meeting a real movie star.

He woke up that morning with a feeling of excitement.

It seemed that the whole country was in a state of excitement.

(=a general feeling of excitement among a group of people)

There was a real air of excitement before the game.

As soon as he noticed her name on the list, a surge of excitement ran through him.

There is a buzz of excitement inside the stadium.

(=an occasion when there is suddenly a lot of excitement about something)

The takeover bid has caused a flurry of excitement in the City.

(=a feeling of excitement that spreads through a group of people)

A ripple of excitement went through the audience as the lights dimmed.

(=a feeling of excitement that lasts a very short time)

He felt a flicker of excitement when he heard someone mention his name.

The children were filled with excitement at the thought of visiting Disneyland.

想到要去迪士尼乐园，孩子们激动不已。

In all the excitement, I left my wallet behind.

我一时激动，忘了拿钱包。

In his excitement he couldn't remember her name.

他激动得想不起她的名字了。

We were both new to the excitements of life in the big city.

我们俩都是初次感受大城市多姿多彩的生活。


exciting

[excitingly](bold) adv. eg: the most excitingly original movie of the year

a gripping film, story etc is very exciting and interesting

used about something that is exciting to watch or hear about as it happens

/ɪɡˈzɪləreɪtɪŋ/

making you feel happy, excited, and full of energy

very exciting, especially because you do not know what is going to happen next

The job offers an exciting career opportunity for the right individual.

Penny allowed herself to consider the exciting possibility that Jack might be at the party.

It was the most exciting time of my life.

(=a change that makes a product, situation etc better)

This exciting development could mark the end of the long-running conflict.

(=an event in the future, about which you feel excited)

For the team, there’s the exciting prospect of travelling to many major cities.

(=a person who has a good chance of success in the future)

His pace and skill mark him as one of the most exciting prospects in Super League.

He found it very exciting to ride a horse at such speed and jump over large obstacles.

The theme park has many new and exciting rides.

There are many exciting new developments in cancer research.

令人兴奋的；使人激动的；刺激的

‘Julia and Paul are getting married!’ ‘Oh, how exciting!’

“朱莉娅和保罗要结婚了！”“啊，太让人兴奋了！”

I’ve got some very exciting news for you.

我给你带来了一些很激动人心的消息。

我们来做些让人振奋的事情吧。

Melanie finds her work exciting and rewarding.

梅拉妮觉得自己的工作既刺激又有意义。


exclaim

to say something suddenly and loudly because you are surprised, angry, or excited

〔因惊讶、愤怒或兴奋而〕呼喊，惊叫


exclamation

a sound, word, or short sentence that you say suddenly and loudly because you are surprised, angry, or excited


exclamation mark

([BrE](special)) AmE [#excla=mation point](bold)  [n](bold) <[C](bold)>

the mark (!) that you write after a sentence or word that expresses surprise, anger, or excitement


exclude

to deliberately not include someone or something, especially in a way that seems wrong or unfair

The new law protects most workers, but excludes those on part-time contracts.

to not include something, especially a piece of information, either deliberately or because you forget

Sara’s name had been omitted from the list of employees.

to not include someone or something, either deliberately or accidentally. [Leave out](bold) is more common in everyday English than [exclude](bold) or [omit](bold)

Fans were shocked that Giggs had been left out of the team.

You must have left out one of the numbers.

to not include someone or something that should be included, often by mistake

They’ve missed out the last letter of his name.

to decide not to include someone or something – used especially about not including someone in a team

He was dropped from the team because of injury.

The company decided to drop the word ‘healthy’ from its advertising.

used when saying that a rule, law, agreement etc does not affect someone or something

People with bad eyesight were exempt from military service.

High technology equipment would be exempted from any trade agreement.

〔故意〕不包括；把 …排除在外

a special diet that excludes dairy products

The judges decided to exclude evidence which had been unfairly obtained.

法官裁决不接纳以不正当手段获取的证据。

Some of the data was specifically excluded from the report.

这篇报道特意不采用部分数据。

In everyday English, people usually say [leave](bold)  something or someone [out ](bold) rather than [exclude](bold)  something or someone:

Some information was [left out of](bold) the report.

We didn’t mean to [leave](bold) you [out](bold).

to not allow someone to take part in something or not allow them to enter a place, especially in a way that seems wrong or unfair

〔尤指以看起来错误或不公正的方式〕不准 …参与，不准 …进入，排斥〔某人〕

a mainstream exhibition that excluded women artists

The press had been deliberately excluded from the event.

这一活动有意不让记者参与。

Sarah heard the other girls talking and laughing and felt excluded.

萨拉听见其他女孩又说又笑，觉得自己受到了排斥。

to officially make a child leave their school because of their bad behaviour

to decide that something is not a possibility

认为 …不可能；排除 …的可能性

Social workers have excluded sexual abuse as a reason for the child’s disappearance.

对于这个孩子的失踪原因，社会福利工作者排除了遭受性虐待的可能性。

At this stage we cannot entirely [exclude the possibility](bold) of staff cuts.

到了这个阶段，我们不能完全排除裁员的可能性。


excluding

not including – used especially when you are making a list or calculating a total

不包括，除去〔尤用于列出清单或计算总数时〕

Television is watched in 97 per cent of American homes (excluding Alaska and Hawaii).

在美国，97%的家庭收看电视(不包括阿拉斯加和夏威夷)。


exclusion

[exclusionary](bold) adj. eg: exclusionary business practices

when someone is not allowed to take part in something or enter a place

the country’s exclusion from the United Nations

when a child is officially made to leave their school because of their bad behaviour

to do something so much that you do not do, include, or have time for other things

专注于做某事而排斥[无暇顾及]其他事情

Your essays tend to concentrate on one theme to the exclusion of everything else.

你的文章往往会集中于一个主题而不顾及其他各个方面。

something that is excluded from a contract

You will be sent full details of the exclusions of your insurance policy.

届时会将保险单不予承保的项目的具体说明给你寄去。


exclusive

[exclusivity](bold) /ˌekskluːˈsɪvəti/  also: exclusiveness  n. <U> eg: the exclusivity of private education

BSkyB had exclusive rights to all the live matches.

Regulations prohibit anyone having exclusive access to the data.

We had exclusive use of the house while he was away.

(=appearing in only one newspaper or magazine)

The newspaper featured exclusive pictures of the couple’s new baby.

You can watch exclusive coverage of all the matches on BBC1.

(=one that says that no other person or company can do the same job)

Our firm has an exclusive contract to handle the company’s legal affairs.

Unfortunately, I’m not a member of the exclusive club of millionaires.

They live in an exclusive suburb on the north side of the city.

Some of these kids are from the most exclusive neighbourhoods.

With its marble columns and crystal chandeliers, the Crillon is one of the most exclusive hotels in Paris.

Marjorie went to an exclusive girls’ school.

I walked along Bond Street, past all the exclusive shops.

available or belonging only to particular people, and not shared

Our figure skating club has exclusive use of the rink on Mondays.

溜冰场每逢星期一专供我们的花样滑冰俱乐部使用。

Tune in to our exclusive coverage of Wimbledon.

请收看我们对温布尔登网球锦标赛的独家报道。

This offer is exclusive to readers of ‘The Sun’.

这是《太阳报》读者独享的优惠。

exclusive places, organizations, clothes etc are so expensive that not many people can afford to use or buy them

Bel Air is an exclusive suburb of Los Angeles.

贝莱尔是洛杉矶郊外一处高级住宅区。

deliberately not allowing someone to do something or be part of a group

排外的；不准加入某团体的

if two things are mutually exclusive, you cannot have or do both of them

Lesbianism and motherhood are not mutually exclusive.

我们的价格不包括销售税。

The committee’s exclusive focus will be to improve public transportation.

委员会关注的唯一焦点将是改善公共交通运输。


exclusive

an important or exciting story that is printed in only one newspaper, because that newspaper was the first to find out about it

a New York Post exclusive about the Kennedy marriage

《纽约邮报》有关肯尼迪婚事的独家报道


exclusively

This offer is available exclusively to people who call now.

只有现在打来电话的人才能享有这个优惠。


excursion

a short journey arranged so that a group of people can visit a place, especially while they are on holiday

〔尤指集体度假时的〕短途旅行

→see THESAURUS at [journey](->journey) 1

Included in the tour is an excursion to the Grand Canyon.

这次旅游包括大峡谷观光。

We went on an excursion to the Pyramids.

a short journey made for a particular purpose

〔有特定目的的〕短途出行

an attempt to experience or learn about something that is new to you

the company’s excursion into new markets


excuse

used when you want to get someone’s attention politely, especially when you want to ask a question

劳驾〔用于礼貌地引起他人注意，尤其是发问时〕

Excuse me, can you tell me the way to the museum please?

劳驾，请问去博物馆怎么走？

used to say that you are sorry for doing something rude or embarrassing

Oh, excuse me. I didn’t know anyone was here.

噢，对不起，我不知道这里有人。

used to ask someone politely to move so that you can walk past

借光，借过〔用于礼貌地请求别人让路〕

借光，请让我过去一下好吗？

used to politely tell someone that you are leaving a place

抱歉〔用于礼貌地表示要离开〕

抱歉，我失陪一会儿，马上就回来。

used when you disagree with someone but want to be polite about it

请原谅〔用于礼貌地表示反对〕

Excuse me, but I don’t think that’s what he meant at all.

请原谅，不过我认为他绝对不是这个意思。

used to show that you disagree with someone or are very surprised or upset by what they have just said

请原谅，很抱歉〔用于表示不同意某人的意见或对其所说的话感到意外或不快〕

‘You’re going to pay, right?’ ‘Excuse me?’

“你来付钱，对吗？”“你说什么？”

used to ask someone to repeat something that they have just said

‘What time is it?’ ‘Excuse me?’ ‘I asked you what time it is.’

“现在几点了？” “你说什么？” “我问你现在几点了。”

to forgive someone for doing something that is not seriously wrong, such as being rude or careless

I’ll excuse you this time, but don’t be late again.

这次我原谅你，但别再迟到了。

请原谅，我的字写得不好。

Please excuse me for being so late today.

请原谅，我今天来得太晚了。

Smith [can be excused](bold) for his lack of interest in the course (=his lack of interest is reasonable).

史密斯对这门课不感兴趣是情有可原的。

In informal situations, people often say [sorry about …, sorry for doing ... ](bold)  or [sorry I …](bold)  rather than asking someone to [excuse](bold)  something:

[Sorry for being](bold) so late, or [Sorry I’m](bold) so late.

to allow someone not to do something that they are supposed to do

Can I be excused from swimming today? I have a cold.

我今天能不游泳吗？我感冒了。

[Excuse](bold)  is usually passive in this meaning.

to be or give a good reason for someone’s careless or offensive behaviour

为 …开脱；给 …找理由

Nothing can excuse that kind of rudeness.

什么也无法为那种粗鲁行为开脱。

to give someone permission to leave a place

to say politely that you need to leave a place

Richard excused himself and went to his room.

理查德礼貌地告辞，到自己的房间去了。

used to show that you are annoyed when someone has told you that you have done something wrong


excuse

I made up some excuse about my car breaking down.

(=give reasons which try to explain why someone has made a mistake or behaved badly)

His mother was always making excuses for her son's behaviour.

She never complained or used her illness as an excuse.

I began to look for excuses to avoid seeing him.

I'll have to give my boss some kind of excuse.

She didn’t believe his excuse for one minute.

Companies have no excuse for breaking the law.

A sunny day is a good excuse to go to the beach.

A wedding is a wonderful excuse to buy a new outfit.

If your train was cancelled, that is a perfectly reasonable excuse.

(=one that is true and that other people cannot criticize)

He didn’t have a legitimate excuse for being late.

The phone call gave me the perfect excuse to leave.

Joe muttered some feeble excuse about having a headache.

That’s the most pathetic excuse I’ve ever heard.

He made the usual excuses for not coming.

Whenever the trains are late, it's always the same old excuse.

The rioting provided the government with a convenient excuse not to hold an election.

He used every excuse in the book to avoid seeing the doctor.

She comes to our house at the slightest excuse.

a reason that you give to explain careless or offensive behaviour

What’s your excuse for being late this time?

你迟到了，这次又是什么理由？

a reason that you invent to explain an action and to hide your real intentions

我给她打电话需要有个借口。

The conference is just an excuse for a holiday in New York.

这个会议不过是个去纽约度假的借口。

used to say that someone’s behaviour is too bad to be explained or accepted

这种无礼行为实在说不过去。

to explain why you are not able to do something

Please make my excuses at the meeting tomorrow.

请在明天的会上替我解释一下不能到会的原因。

used when you think someone or something is very bad

极差的 …；极不称职的 …

He’s a rotten excuse for a lawyer. Why on earth did you hire him?

他是个极糟糕的律师，你到底为什么雇用他？

a note written by your doctor or one of your parents saying that you were ill on a particular day


execute

to kill someone, especially legally as a punishment

Thousands have been executed for political crimes.

数以千计的人因政治罪而被处死了。

13 people were [summarily executed](bold)(=killed without any trial or legal process) by the guerrillas.

有13人被游击队员就地处决。

to do something that has been carefully planned

The job involves drawing up and executing a plan of nursing care.

这项工作包括拟订和实施一个护理计划。

to perform a difficult action or movement

完成，表演〔高难度动作〕

The skaters’ routine was perfectly executed.

滑冰选手把整套动作完成得非常出色。

if a computer executes a program or commandinstruction, it makes the program or command happen or work

执行〔计算机程序或指令〕

to make sure that the instructions in a legal document are followed

创作〔绘画、文字、电影作品等〕


execution

The order to carry out his execution was sent to the prison.

The executions will be held later today.

He is facing execution after being found guilty of murdering three women.

The convicted men were moved to Virginia Penitentiary to await execution.

In Elizabethan times, the execution of traitors took place on Tower Hill.

(=in a public place. with people watching)

Bethea's hanging on August 14, 1936 was the last public execution in America.

(=one in which people pretend they are going to kill someone)

He had to endure torture and a mock execution.

(=one that is done immediately, without a trial or any legal process)

(=one in which many people are killed at the same time)

Eleven convicted murderers were hanged in what was the country's biggest ever mass execution.

(=the official stopping or delay of an execution)

He was granted a stay of execution by the Supreme Court.

when someone is killed, especially as a legal punishment

〔尤指依法的〕处死，处决

The two men [face execution](bold)(=they will be killed as a punishment).

Torture and [summary execution](bold)(=execution without a trial or any legal process) are common.

严刑拷打和不经审判就地处决相当普遍。

He was granted [a stay of execution](bold)(=delay in carrying out an execution).

a process in which you do something that has been carefully planned

the formulation and execution of urban policy

the process of making sure that the instructions in a legal document are followed

the performance of a difficult action or movement

the process of producing something such as a painting, film, book etc, or the way it is produced

〔绘画、电影、文字作品等的〕创作(方式)

art that is unusual in design and execution

在设计和创作方面与众不同的艺术

when you make a computer program work, or a commandinstruction happen

〔计算机程序或指令的〕执行


executive

a manager in an organization or company who helps make important decisions

〔机构或公司的〕主管，经理

the part of a government that makes sure decisions and laws work well

→ [judiciary](->judiciary) → [legislature](->legislature)

a group of people who are in charge of an organization and make the rules

〔机构的〕领导层，执行委员会


executive

relating to the job of managing a business or organization and making decisions

〔公司或机构〕行政的，管理的

a commission with [executive powers](bold)

[executive body/committee etc](bold)(=a group of people who have the power to make decisions)

for the use of people who have important jobs in a company

expensive and designed for people who earn a lot of money

[executive toys](bold)(=objects to play with at work)


exemplify

[exemplification](bold) /ɪɡˌzemplɪfɪˈkeɪʃ/  n. <C,U>

[past tense and past participle](italic) [exemplified](bold) [present participle](italic) [exemplifying](bold) [third person singular](italic) [exemplifies](bold)

to be a very typical example of something

The building exemplifies the style of architecture which was popular at the time.

这栋大楼代表了当时流行的建筑风格。

问题都在报告中作了举例说明。


exempt

not affected by something, or not having to do it or pay it

被免除(义务)的，获豁免的

The interest is [exempt from](bold) income [tax](bold).


exempt

to give someone permission not to do or pay something

Charities are [exempted from](bold) paying the [tax](bold).

a document that exempts the owner from liability in case of accidents

发生事故时免除业主责任的文件

In everyday British English, people usually say [let sb off (doing) sth](bold)  rather than [exempt sb from (doing) sth](bold) :

Living abroad doesn’t necessarily [let](bold) you [off](bold) paying tax.


exemption

an amount of money that you do not have to pay tax on

You qualify for a [tax exemption](bold) on the loan.

permission not to do or pay something that you would normally have to do or pay

The commission [granted](bold) temporary [exemptions](bold).


exercise

He was advised by the doctor to take more exercise.

Swimming is very good exercise for your muscles.

Taking regular exercise is the best way to improve your overall health.

Physical exercise keeps you fit and helps to reduce stress.

Pregnant women should avoid strenuous exercise.

(=not involving too much physical effort)

Try to do some gentle exercise as part of your daily routine.

(=in which you breathe deeply and your heart beats faster)

Aerobic exercise, such as jogging or cycling, is a great way to burn off fat.

This type of exercise is excellent for losing weight.

Children are becoming overweight through lack of exercise.

(=a plan that includes different types of exercise)

The athletes follow an intensive exercise programme.

I’m finding it quite hard to stick to my exercise routine.

I usually go to my exercise class on Wednesdays.

Try to do these exercises at least three days a week.

He showed me some basic exercises for strengthening leg muscles.

I couldn’t get to the gym, so I did a few keep-fit exercises in my bedroom.

Do some warm-up exercises before lifting heavy weights.

We do breathing exercises in my yoga class.

physical activities that you do in order to stay healthy and become stronger

Try to fit some regular exercise into your daily routine.

尽量在日常生活中安排一些经常性的锻炼。

Working in an office, I don’t [get](bold) much [exercise](bold).

由于在办公室工作，我很少运动。

Gentle exercise can be beneficial for older people.

运动量不大的锻炼对年长者有益。

After the operation, you should avoid strenuous exercise.

手术之后，你应该避免剧烈运动。

a movement or set of movements that you do regularly to keep your body healthy

You can [do exercises](bold) to strengthen your stomach muscles.

你可以做体操来增强腹部肌肉。

an activity or process that helps you practise a particular skill

a set of questions in a book that test a student’s knowledge or skill

Do Exercises 3 and 4 on page 51 for homework.

家庭作业是第51页上的练习3和4。

an activity or situation that has a particular quality or result

closing libraries as part of a cost-cutting exercise

关闭图书馆作为完成削减支出任务的途径之一

Buying a house can be an exercise in frustration.

买房子有时是一桩让人头疼的事情。

a set of activities for training soldiers etc


exercise

to walk, do sports etc in order to stay healthy and become stronger

To lose weight, exercise regularly and eat less.

this phrase is much more common than the verb [exercise](bold), and means the same thing

Her doctor said that she needed to do more exercise.

My son does very little exercise – I don’t know how he stays so slim.

to stay or to become physically healthy and strong – used especially when you consider exercise as a way to keep a nice-looking body

Try jogging with a friend who also wants to get in shape.

to exercise regularly in order to stay healthy and strong

The class encourages older people to keep fit.

to do exercise in order to be healthy and strong, especially to exercise regularly in a gym or exercise class

to exercise in order to make your body or part of your body firmer

to do gentle exercises to prepare your body for more active exercise

It’s important to warm up before you begin to play.

to reach your arms, legs, or body out to full length, in order to make your muscles as long as possible, so that you do not injure them when you exercise

Jog for five minutes, then stretch before starting on your run.

to do gentle exercises so that your muscles are warm and not tight before you begin a more active exercise

The footballers were limbering up before a training session.

to prepare for a sporting event by exercising in a particular way

She’s training to do the London Marathon.

to do a sports activity regularly, in order to get better and prepare for competition

The team practices on Wednesdays and Saturdays.

to use a power, right, or quality that you have

运用，行使〔权力、权利或自身特质〕

There are plans to encourage people to exercise their right to vote.

有计划鼓励人们行使投票权。

People who can [exercise](bold) some [control](bold) over their surroundings feel less anxious.

能够对周围环境有所控制的人不会太焦虑。

to do sports or physical activities in order to stay healthy and become stronger

to make a particular part of your body move in order to make it stronger

Swimming exercises all the major muscle groups.

游泳能使全身主要肌群都得到锻炼。

to make an animal walk or run in order to keep it healthy and strong

people exercising their dogs in the park

to make someone think about a subject or problem and consider how to deal with it

使关注；使致力于〔解决问题〕

It’s an issue that’s [exercised](bold) the [minds](bold) of scientists for a long time.

这是科学家长期关注并力求解决的问题。

if something exercises someone, they think about it all the time and are very anxious or worried – often used humorously

使焦虑；使不安〔常为幽默用法〕

It was clear that Flavia had been exercised by this thought.

显然这一想法令弗拉维娅坐立不安。


exert

Did Democratic leaders exert pressure on their colleagues to vote for the new law?

These large companies exert considerable influence over the government.

The state should not exert control over the media.

He exerts considerable power within the family.

It is every parent's responsibility to exert their authority by laying down some firm rules.

Exerting discipline is essential, especially when there are problem students in the class.

We exerted every effort to get there on time.

(=make something happen in the way that you want)

The army exerted its will by arresting anti-government supporters.

to use your power, influence etc in order to make something happen

运用〔权力〕；施加〔影响力〕

They exerted considerable influence within the school.

他们在校内施加了很大的影响力。

Environmental groups are [exerting pressure on](bold) the government to tighten pollution laws.

环境保护组织在向政府施加压力，要求从严执行环保法律法规。

to work very hard and use a lot of physical or mental energy

He has exerted himself tirelessly on behalf of the charity.

他为这个慈善组织奋斗不懈。


exhaust

讲一整天课令我精疲力竭。

He’d exhausted himself carrying all the boxes upstairs.

他把所有的箱子搬到楼上，把自己弄得精疲力竭。

We are in danger of [exhausting](bold) the world’s oil [supply](bold).

我们面临世界石油储备耗尽的危险。

Having [exhausted](bold) all other [possibilities](bold), I asked Jan to look after the baby.

各种可能的办法都行不通了，我只好请简来照料宝宝。

to talk about something so much that you have nothing more to say about it

详尽无遗地论述某主题/话题等

Once we’d exhausted the subject of Jill’s wedding, I didn’t know what to say.

我们把吉尔婚礼的每个细节都聊遍之后，我就不知道该说些什么了。


exhaust

a pipe on a car or machine that waste gases pass through

the gas produced when an engine is working


exhausted

I was absolutely exhausted by the time we got home.

Looking after a baby on my own left me feeling totally exhausted.

After the climb, both men were physically exhausted.

When I got to the end of my exams I was mentally exhausted.

She was emotionally exhausted, and the strain was beginning to affect her job.

你看上去一副疲惫不堪的样子。

In everyday English, people often say [worn out](bold)  rather than [exhausted](bold) :

having or containing no more of a particular thing or substance


exhaustion

[Sheer exhaustion](bold) forced him to give up.

Many runners were suffering from [heat exhaustion](bold)(=when you become tired and ill because you are too hot).

许多赛跑运动员都出现了热衰竭。

[nervous exhaustion](bold)(=when you become ill because you have been working too hard or have been very worried)


exhibit

to show something in a public place so that people can go to see it

Her paintings have been exhibited all over the world.

她的绘画作品在世界各地展出。

to clearly show a particular quality, emotion, or ability

展示，显示〔品质、情感或能力〕

a patient who is exhibiting classic symptoms of mental illness

显现出精神病典型症状的患者


exhibit

something, for example a painting, that is put in a public place so that people can go to see it

The exhibits date from the 17th century.

这些展品的历史可以追溯到17世纪。

an object that is shown in court to prove whether someone is guilty or not

Exhibit A is the hammer found next to the victim.

证物甲是在受害者身边发现的一把锤子。


exhibition

an event at which a collection of paintings, interesting objects etc are shown to the public for a period of time

All the photographs in the exhibition are for sale.

The Great Outdoors Exhibition is a great place to find out about new outdoors activities.

an exhibition. [Show](bold) is less formal than [exhibition](bold). It can be used about small events as well as big public ones

The artist is preparing a show at the Museum of Modern Art.

He is putting on a one-man show in a local gallery.

an exhibit of Western paintings and sculptures

an event at which people or businesses show or sell their products, which is often not open to the public

the Frankfurt Book Fair for publishers and the media

a large and important public event at which people or businesses show or sell their products

177 galleries from nineteen countries will take part in the Chicago International Art Exposition.

The college is having an exhibition of the students’ work in April.

Hayward Gallery is mounting an impressive exhibition of new British artists.

Last summer the museum put on some wonderful exhibitions for children.

Boston’s Museum of Fine Art hosts temporary exhibitions alongside its permanent collection.

also: attend/visit an exhibition (formal)

We went to an exhibition of Russian art at the National Gallery.

We also saw an exhibition of paintings by Sydney Lough Thompson, a New Zealand artist.

The trust arranged an exhibition of his drawings in New York.

Our press officer contacted the local radio and TV stations to promote the exhibition.

This is the largest exhibition of its kind that we have ever seen in London.

an important exhibition of twentieth century art

His work is the subject of a major exhibition at the National Gallery.

The library held a small exhibition showcasing the work of local artists.

The museum hosts a permanent exhibition of Boston’s history.

Temporary exhibitions are usually held in the basement.

The touring exhibition is scheduled to be in Dallas from March until June.

a retrospective exhibition celebrating 150 years of photography

(=a large building for holding exhibitions)

The exhibition will be held in the National Exhibition Centre in Birmingham.

There’s a large exhibition hall on the ground floor.

(=a stand for showing things at an exhibition)

He took up his position at the exhibition stand.

The building provides 125,000 square metres of exhibition space in 12 halls.

(=a place where exhibitions can be held)

We are still looking for suitable exhibition venues.

a show of paintings, photographs, or other objects that people can go to see

an exhibition of black and white photographs

[stage/mount/hold etc an exhibition](bold)

The museum is staging an exhibition of Picasso’s work.

博物馆正举办毕加索画展。

when something such as a painting is shown in a public place

She never agreed to the public exhibition of her sculptures while she was still alive.

她生前从未同意公开展出自己的雕塑作品。

A collection of paintings by David Hockney is on exhibition at the Museum of Art.

大卫·霍克尼的一批绘画作品正在美术馆展出。

a situation in which someone shows a particular skill, feeling, or type of behaviour

〔某种技能、感情或行为的〕表现，显露

I’ve never seen such an exhibition of jealousy.

我从未见过如此嫉妒的表现。

to behave in a silly or embarrassing way


exile

Napoleon's wife and sons also went into exile.

The Guatemalan writer has lived in exile in Mexico for over 40 years.

The old leaders were removed from power and sent into exile.

Many of his political opponents have been forced into exile.

Hundreds of people fled into exile or were jailed.

He never returned to his own country, but died in exile.

Martinez returned from exile to the islands in May 1990 and was later elected president.

The first of many refugees have finally returned home from a long exile in Senegal.

The King threatened her with permanent exile.

(=when someone goes into exile willingly, without being forced)

He spoke to the media from his self-imposed exile in the United States.

(=when someone is forced to go into exile)

After 12 years of enforced exile abroad, Almeyda returned home to Salvador.

(=when someone is forced to move somewhere within a country)

The governor has the power to send people into internal exile in other regions.

a situation in which you are forced to leave your country and live in another country, especially for political reasons

〔尤指出于政治原因的〕流亡国外

He [went into exile](bold) to escape political imprisonment.

他为了逃避政治监禁而流亡国外。

The house was raided and the family was forced into exile.

房子被抄，全家人被迫流亡。

He spent many years in [enforced exile](bold).

She had been in voluntary exile since 1990.

她从1990年起一直自愿流亡。

someone who has been forced to live in exile


exile

to force someone to leave their country, especially for political reasons

〔尤指出于政治原因而〕放逐，流放〔某人〕

Several of the leaders were arrested and exiled to France.

好几位领导人被拘捕并流放至法国。

a dictator who was exiled from his home country


exist

[Exist](bold)  is not used in the progressive in meanings 1 and 2. You say: No company of that name exists.
Don’t say: [No company of that name is existing.](strike)

[Exist](bold)  can be used in the progressive in meaning 3. You can say: At the moment they are existing on a few dollars a day.

Legislation to protect us from terrorists already exists.

No treaty currently exists between the two countries.

(=existing in the past and continuing to exist)

A number of his early photographs still exist.

We all hope the human race will continue to exist for millions of years.

Many of these companies will cease to exist in five years' time.

Seven copies of the original book are still known to exist.

The president issued a statement recognizing Kosovo's right to exist.

to happen or be present in a particular situation or place

The custom of arranged marriages still exists in many countries.

许多国家仍存在包办婚姻的习俗。

Opportunities exist for students to gain sponsorship.

Stop pretending that the problem doesn’t exist.

别再假装这个问题不存在了。

The club will [cease to exist](bold) if financial help is not found.

该俱乐部要是得不到资助将不复存在。

汤姆有时表现得就像我不存在一样。

to stay alive, especially in a difficult situation when you do not have enough money, food etc

维持生存〔尤指勉强糊口〕

The hostages existed on bread and water.


existence

Pakistan came into existence as an independent country in 1947.

After the invasion, a French resistance movement sprang into existence.

The state must follow the terms of the treaty that brought it into existence.

If a buyer isn't found, this famous old club could go out of existence.

acknowledge/recognize/accept the existence of sth

They organization finally acknowledged the existence of a problem.

prove/confirm/establish the existence of sth

The images confirm the existence of water on the planet's surface.

He strongly denied the existence of God.

Some people doubt the existence of life at the very bottom of the ocean.

jeopardize/threaten the existence of sth

(=make it likely that something will stop existing)

The strike could jeopardize the existence of his company.

(=be able to exist because of something)

The birds owe their existence to the fact that there are no natural predators on the island.

The show's existence was extremely short.

Darwin's theory of natural selection changed our view of human existence forever.

The university's very existence is at stake.

Poaching now threatens the animal's actual existence.

The city's continued existence is threatened by rising water levels.

The mere existence of a contract does not guarantee that you will be paid.

(=someone's normal life that is the same most days)

He saw drugs as a way of escaping the tedium of his everyday existence.

Male bears live a mostly solitary existence, away from the female and cubs.

The refugees had to endure a miserable existence in the desert.

I was overjoyed at the prospect of leaving my routine existence behind.

(=with just enough food or money to live)

The survivors lived a hand-to-mouth existence until they were rescued.

The islanders, who rely solely on the sea to provide food, have a precarious existence.

He left behind his comfortable existence to become a monk.

The various tribes on the island enjoyed a relatively peaceful existence.

He led a quiet existence, broken only by occasional visits from his family.

The girls hated their drab suburban existence.

lead/live a solitary/frugal etc existence

It is impossible to prove the existence of God.

The organization has been in existence for 25 years.

Scientists have many theories about how the universe first [came into existence](bold)(=started to exist).

关于宇宙的起源，科学家有多种理论。

The [very existence](bold) of the museum is threatened by lack of funding.

博物馆的生存受到资金缺乏的威胁。

the [continued existence](bold) of economic inequalities

the type of life that someone has, especially when it is bad or unhappy

〔尤指不幸的〕生活，生活方式

Pablo [led a](bold) miserable [existence](bold) when he first moved to San Juan.

巴勃罗刚搬到圣胡安时，生活很悲惨。

[eke out a living/existence](bold) at → [eke](->eke)


existing

The service is available to all existing customers.

这项服务现有的客户均可享受。


exit

(=a special door, used if there is an emergency or a fire)

Fire crews discovered that the club’s fire exit door had been locked.

When the lights dimmed, she slipped out by the rear exit.

Please leave the building in an orderly fashion, using the nearest exit.

Disappointed fans began heading for the exits.

In the event of a fire, please use the emergency exit nearest to you.

Exit doors shouldn’t be blocked at any time.

(=a way out of a building, plane etc, used in an emergency or a fire)

Staff must become familiar with the building’s exit routes.

There was a red glowing exit sign over the door.

And then, kissing them both goodbye, he made his exit.

I chatted to a few people, then made a quick exit.

I made a quick exit before the speeches began.

The family made a hurried exit, leaving many of their belongings behind.

(=when someone leaves in a way that makes people respect them)

Marco did his best to make a dignified exit, but with the amount he’d drunk, it proved difficult.

(=when someone leaves in a way that is embarrassing or makes them look silly)

She made a rather undignified exit, tripping down the step.

The northbound exit to the A139 will be closed until 6 a.m. on Monday.

He signalled a right as he came to his freeway exit.

(=one showing the names of places or roads near an exit)

Stay on the same road until you see an exit sign for Rhode Island.

a door or space through which you can leave a public room, building etc

两个男人挡住了她出去的路。

[emergency/fire exit](bold)(=a special door used only when there is a fire etc)

They [made](bold) a quick [exit](bold) when they saw the police approaching.

他们看见警察来了便迅速离去。

a place where vehicles can leave a road such as a motorway, and join another road

从下一个出口驶出到林奇堡。

when someone stops being involved in a competition or business, especially because they have not been successful

退出〔尤指因未成功而停止参与竞争或事务〕

法国队在世界杯上的早早出局


exit

我从侧面的一扇窗户钻了出去。

他怒气冲冲地离开了审判室。

used in the instructions of a play to tell an actor to leave the stage

〔剧本里的舞台指示，一个演员〕退场，下场

Exit Hamlet, bearing the body of Polonius.

哈姆雷特扛着波洛尼厄斯的尸体退场。


exorbitant

ɪɡˈzɔːbətənt

an exorbitant price, amount of money etc is much higher than it should be

→see THESAURUS at [expensive](->expensive)


exotic

something that is exotic seems unusual and interesting because it is related to a foreign country – use this to show approval

异国风情的，外国情调的〔含褒义〕


expand

to become larger in size, number, or amount, or to make something become larger

→see THESAURUS at [increase](->increase) 1

Sydney’s population [expanded rapidly](bold) in the 1960s.

20世纪60年代，悉尼的人口迅速增加。

if a company, business etc expands, or if someone expands it, they open new shops, factories etc

The computer industry has expanded greatly over the last decade.

计算机行业在过去十年间大大地发展起来。

The hotel wants to expand its business by adding a swimming pool.

该酒店想添个游泳池来扩展业务。

the [rapidly expanding](bold) field of information technology

We have plans to expand into the U.S. market.

我们有计划把业务扩展到美国市场。

to become more confident and start to talk more

After a few whiskies he started to expand a little.

几杯威士忌下肚，他打开了话匣子。


expansion

Last year saw a big expansion at the company.

There are plans for a massive expansion of the oil and gas industries.

The company is planning a major expansion of its retail outlets.

During the 1990s, there was a rapid expansion in student numbers.

There has been a steady expansion of the self-employed sector of the economy.

Investors think the hotel chain is ripe for further expansion.

Economic expansion in India and China is set to continue.

These new measures could limit business expansion.

We are seeing uncontrolled urban expansion in many African cities.

The biggest expansion occurred in the volume of small issue government bonds.

The city’s ambitious expansion plans will require major investment.

Such an aggressive expansion programme could double the business in five years.

when something increases in size, range, amount etc

〔尺寸、范围、数量等的〕扩大，增加

The [rapid expansion](bold) of cities can cause social and economic problems.

城市规模的迅速扩大会带来各种社会和经济问题。

when a company, business etc becomes larger by opening new shops, factories etc

The industry underwent a period of [rapid expansion](bold).

该产业经历了一轮快速扩张。

an idea, story etc that is based on one that is simpler or more general

The novel is an expansion of a short story he wrote about forty years ago.

这部小说由他大约40年前写的一篇短篇小说扩展而成。


expect

You [expect to do](bold)  something: The team expects to win.

You [expect ](bold)  someone [to do](bold)  something: We didn’t expect them to come.

You [expect that ](bold) something [will ](bold) happen: We expect that we will arrive at about midday.

You say that you[ expected that](bold)  something [would](bold)  happen: They had not expected that there would be so much traffic.

You say that something [is expected to](bold)  happen: Sales are expected to reach $10 million.

In more formal English, you can also say [it is expected that](bold)  something [will](bold)  happen: It is expected that sales will reach $10 million.

You can say you [are expecting](bold)  something. [Expect](bold)  is often used in the progressive: I’m expecting a call from the hospital.

You can use the phrases [I expect so](bold)  or [I don’t expect so](bold) , usually to give a short answer: ‘Were they surprised?’ ‘I expect so.’ ‘Will it take long?’ ‘I don’t expect so.’
Don’t say: [I expect it](strike) .

He confidently expected to be elected again.

He walked slowly towards the box, half expecting it to explode.

Do you honestly expect me to look after the kids while you go on holiday?

You can hardly expect a child of three to know the difference between right and wrong.

The public rightly expects government officials to be honest.

Tickets have not been selling as well as expected.

(=used to say that you are not surprised by something unpleasant)

After all this rain, some flooding is only to be expected.

Bad luck tends to happen when you least expect it.

(=have the right to think something will happen)

You’re entitled to expect decent service at these prices.

it is reasonable/unreasonable to expect sth

It’s unreasonable to expect a tenant to pay for repairs to the outside of the house.

to think that something will happen because it seems likely or has been planned

The company expects to complete work in April.

Emergency repairs were expected to take three weeks.

抢修工作预计要花三个星期。

我没有料到他会待那么久。

There’s the doorbell – I expect it’ll be my mother.

有人按门铃——估计是我母亲。

He will be hard to beat. I [fully expect](bold)(=am completely sure about) that and I’m ready.

他很难击败。我确信这一点，而且准备好了。

‘Who are you?’ he murmured, only [half expecting](bold)(=thinking it was possible, but not likely) her to answer.

“你是谁？”他低声问道，预计她可能不会回答。

他没有得到他预想的加薪。

as expected (=in the way that was planned or thought likely to happen)

As expected, the whole family was shocked by the news.

不出所料，全家人对这个消息都感到震惊。

[sth is (only) to be expected](bold)(=used to say that you are not surprised by something, especially something unpleasant)

A little nervousness is only to be expected when you are starting a new job.

开始一项新工作时有点紧张是不足为奇的。

to demand that someone does something because it is a duty or seems reasonable

要求，期望〔某人做某事〕

The officer expects complete obedience from his troops.

这位军官要求部下绝对服从。

I can’t expect her to be on time if I’m late myself.

我要是自己都迟到就无法要求她准时。

[expect a lot of sb/expect too much of sb](bold)(=think someone can do more than may be possible)

The school expects a lot of its students.

这所学校对学生要求很高。

to believe that someone or something is going to arrive

We’re expecting Alison home any minute now.

我们想艾利森现在随时会到家。

to think that you will find that someone or something has a particular quality or does a particular thing

I expected her to be taller than me, not shorter.

我原以为她个子比我高，不会比我矮。

if a woman is expecting, she is going to have a baby

used to say that you are not surprised by something unpleasant or disappointing

这有什么奇怪？你还能指望什么？

他迟到了，可这有什么奇怪呢？

used to say that it is unreasonable to think that something will happen or be true

If I can’t help her, how can you expect to?

如果我都帮不了她，你又能指望怎么样呢？

used to introduce or agree with a statement that you think is probably true

‘Do you think they’re going to attack?’ ‘[I expect so](bold).’

“你觉得他们会进攻吗？” “我看会。”


expectation

(=expecting that someone or something will be successful)

Like most parents, we have high expectations for our children.

(=expecting that someone or something will not be very successful)

Their expectations of success were pretty low.

Emigrants sailed to America with great expectations.

(=the expectation that something will probably be successful, but may not be)

It is a difficult operation, but we have reasonable expectations of success.

(=the expectation that bad things can happen as well as good things)

The disease is not curable, and patients must have realistic expectations.

I think you had unrealistic expectations of what could be achieved in the time.

(=expectations based on someone's legal rights)

The men have legitimate expectations of a fair hearing.

China's economy will grow considerably over the next five years, bringing rising expectations of wealth.

The general expectation was for married couples to have children.

(=expectations that families or parents have for their children)

Parental expectations for a first child tend to be quite high.

(=relating to what society thinks or expects)

Social expectations of masculine and feminine behaviour changed drastically during the 1960s and '70s.

(=someone's expectations about how well they will do in their job)

People with low self-esteem usually have low career expectations.

Many migrant workers had high expectations when they arrived, but not anymore.

(=make someone expect more success, money etc)

Having raised expectations, the government failed to live up to its promises.

(=make someone expect less success, money etc)

If you can't afford your dream home, you may have to lower your expectations.

(=be as good as someone hoped or expected)

The match was boring, and didn't live up to our expectations at all.

The band failed to fulfil the fans' expectations.

(=be or do better than you hoped or expected)

fall below/fall short of sb's expectations

(=be worse that someone hoped or expected)

Our profits last year fell below expectations.

(=make people expect that something will happen)

The events of the last few weeks have created expectations of an economic recession.

(=be different to what someone expected, in a way that surprises or confuses them)

The play totally confounds the audience's expectations.

(=higher, better, or more successful than expected)

Economic growth last month was above expectations.

(=lower, worse, or less successful than expected)

Retail sales in December were well below expectations.

(=greater or better than someone expected)

The task took two months to complete, but it was successful far beyond all expectations.

(=very different to what someone expected)

Contrary to our expectations, the share price actually increased.

For some time he lived with the expectation that he was going to die.

有一段时间，他预料自己快要不行了。

Anne left Germany in the expectation of seeing her family again before very long.

安妮离开了德国，期待着很快就能与家人重逢。

Against all expectations, getting up at five is actually easier in winter.

完全没想到，冬天5点钟起床其实挺容易做到。

Having [raised expectations](bold)(=made people more hopeful), he went on to help only a few people.

他唤起了大家的希望，但接着只是帮助了几个人。

Gina has succeeded beyond our expectations.

吉娜取得的成功超出了我们的预期。

The show [exceeded all expectations](bold)(=was much better than expected).

这场演出比人们预期的要好得多。

[come/live up to (sb’s) expectations](bold)

His performance did not live up to our expectations (=was not as good as we expected).

The number of people who attended [fell short of expectations](bold)(=was lower than expected).

出席的人数比预期的要少。

a feeling or belief about the way something should be or how someone should behave

Women who have [high expectations](bold) of marriage are often disappointed.

对婚姻怀有很高期望的女性往往会感到失望。

Some people [have](bold) totally unrealistic [expectations](bold) of both medical and nursing staff.

有些人对医护人员的期望完全不切实际。

the number of years that someone is likely to live


expedition

ˌekspəˈdɪʃən

ˌekspəˈdɪʃən

After the war, Swainson went on an expedition to Patagonia.

The men made expeditions to Spain, Greece and Asia Minor to find fossils.

Trent set off on an expedition to collect plants with fellow botanical students.

(=plan, organize, and begin an expedition)

Ornithologists are mounting an expedition to the island in order to study the birds.

He led the first major British scientific expedition to the Amazon.

I accompanied the explorer on one of his Arctic expeditions.

The generals decided to launch a military expedition to the region.

(=one an army undertakes to punish someone)

The Afghan army mounted a punitive expedition against the local militia groups.

I took Mary and the kids on a shopping expedition into Manchester.

We’re organizing a fishing expedition to the lake for next week.

He was joined on his hunting expedition by two local guides.

On our foraging expedition into the woods, we found mushrooms and wild berries.

We decided to go on a shopping expedition to London.

He’s taking the boys on a camping expedition next weekend.

a long and carefully organized journey, especially to a dangerous or unfamiliar place, or the people that make this journey

远征；探险；远征队；探险队

He [went on](bold) an [expedition](bold) to Borneo.

a short journey, usually made for a particular purpose

〔一般指有特定目的的〕短途出行


expel

[past tense and past participle](italic) [expelled](bold) [present participle](italic) [expelling](bold)

to officially force someone to leave a school or organization

〔从学校或组织中正式〕开除

Two girls were expelled from school for taking drugs.

The main opposition leader was expelled from her party.

主要反对党的领导人被开除出其政党。

He was expelled for making racist remarks.

他因发表种族主义言论而被开除。

to force a foreigner to leave a country, especially because they have broken the law or for political reasons

〔尤指因犯法或政治原因而〕驱逐〔外国人〕

Foreign priests were expelled from the country.

Three diplomats were expelled for spying.

三名外交官因从事间谍活动而被驱逐出境。

to force air, water, or gas etc out of your body or out of a container

排出〔空气、水、气体等〕


expenditure

(=money a government spends on the services it provides for people)

The Conservatives want to maintain a firm control on public expenditure.

(=money spent by national or local government)

There have been cuts in local expenditure on education.

(=money that a government spends on the armed forces)

Military expenditure has been growing year on year.

(=money that a government spends on providing health services, welfare, or education)

There has been a steady rise in welfare expenditure.

(=the amount of money the people in a house spend on food, heating etc)

Sally cut her household expenditure and tried to save every penny she could.

The company's total expenditure rose by 19%.

Businesses have been forced to pass on the additional expenditure to customers.

(=money that a company spends on buildings, machinery etc)

Capital expenditure on IT equipment will come from a different budget.

(=the total amount a company spends before/after any tax or costs have been taken away)

Spending on research and development represents 13% of our gross expenditure.

The company plans to increase capital expenditure by 20% this financial year.

Their policies are designed to cut public expenditure.

As public expenditure has risen, so have taxes.

Government expenditure on scientific research has fallen in the last few years.

The government has announced a planned 4.4% increase in public expenditure.

There has been a marked reduction in expenditure on some social and welfare services.

(=something a government or person spends money on)

Housing is the biggest single item of expenditure in the budgets of most households.

the total amount of money that a government, organization, or person spends during a particular period of time

huge cuts in [public expenditure](bold)(=the amount of money a government spends on services for the public)

[government expenditure](bold) on education

[capital expenditure](bold)(=spending by a company on buildings, machinery, equipment etc)

the action of spending or using time, money, energy etc

〔时间、金钱、精力等的〕耗费，花费

the expenditure of time and money on your house or garden

你在房子或花园上所花费的时间和金钱


expense

Is it worth the extra expense to get a room with a sea view?

Paying extra for leather seats seemed like an unnecessary expense.

(=money that you spend on rent, food, and things such as electricity, gas etc)

She receives £80 a week, from which she must pay for all her living expenses.

(=money that a company spends on running its business)

We had to get a loan to pay for my husband’s medical expenses.

The tenant can incur considerable legal expenses.

(=money spent looking after a house and the people in it)

Unfortunately, household expenses don’t go away just because you’re in hospital or out of work.

She had a small insurance policy to cover the funeral expenses.

(=used when saying that something costs a lot of money)

The tiles were imported at great expense from Italy.

Recently, and at vast expense to the taxpayer, the bridge was rebuilt.

(=used when saying that you pay for something yourself)

He had copies of the book printed at his own expense.

(=do something that costs a lot of money)

The council must now decide whether to go to the expense of appealing through the courts.

(=spend a lot of money to buy the best things)

Her parents spared no expense in arranging the wedding.

Everything has been provided tonight – no expense has been spared!

Potential buyers incur the expense of a survey and legal fees.

The company will pay the travelling expenses involved in getting to and from the meeting.

The president receives an unspecified allowance for business and entertainment expenses.

Successful candidates will receive a comprehensive benefits package that includes relocation expenses if needed.

They agreed  to pay my travel expenses and initial accommodation costs.

(=officially ask your employer to pay you back money that you have spent while doing your job)

If you have to stay overnight, you will be able to claim any expenses back.

(=pay the money someone has spent for business purposes back to them)

Your expenses will usually be reimbursed within one month of receiving the claim.

the amount of money that you spend on something

He borrowed £150,000 and used the money for legal expenses.

他借了15万英镑用于支付律师费。

Conference rooms were equipped at great expense.

money that you spend on things such as travel and food while you are doing your job, and which your employer then pays to you

if something is done at the expense of someone or something else, it is only achieved by doing something that could harm the other person or thing

以损害某人/某事物为代价

the growth in short breaks, at the expense of longer package holidays

短假增多，以牺牲时间较长的包价旅游为代价

if you do something at someone’s expense, they pay for you to do it

Her mansion was refurnished at taxpayers’ expense.

她的宅第由纳税人出钱重新布置了一番。

if you make jokes at someone’s expense, you laugh about them and make them seem stupid or silly

Louis kept making jokes at his wife’s expense.

having all of your costs for hotels, travel, meals etc paid for by someone else

〔酒店、旅行、用餐等〕所有费用均由他人支付的

The prize is an all-expenses-paid trip to Rio.

奖品是去里约热内卢的全程免费旅游。


expensive

[expensively](bold) adv. eg: She’s always expensively dressed.

Apartments in the city are very expensive.

An underground train system is expensive to build.

costing a lot of money. You use [high](bold) about rents/fees/prices/costs. Don’t use [expensive](bold) with these words

£3.50 seems rather dear for a cup of coffee.

Upgrading the system would be very costly.

They were anxious to avoid a costly legal battle.

Some accountants charge exorbitant fees.

astronomical prices, costs, and fees are extremely high

the astronomical cost of developing a new spacecraft

the astronomical prices which some people had paid for their seats

someone does not have enough money to buy or do something

Most people can’t afford to send their children to private schools.

The food’s quite expensive, but it’s really nice.

I think £1000 for a bed is rather expensive.

(=used to emphasize how expensive something is)

Some new medical treatments are phenomenally expensive.

(=extremely expensive, especially when you think something is too expensive)

The building is hugely expensive to maintain.

(=extremely expensive, in a way that seems shocking)

Room service in the hotel was ridiculously expensive.

(=extremely expensive, in a way that is not fair or reasonable)

Houses in some parts of London are extortionately expensive.

(=too expensive, with the result that most people cannot afford to buy something)

HIV medicines are still prohibitively expensive for sufferers in Africa.

(=a desire to have things that are very expensive)

His wife has very expensive tastes and his kids always want the latest things.

(=a mistake which results in someone having to spend a lot of money)

Choosing the wrong builder turned out to be an expensive mistake.

Petrol is becoming more and more expensive.

摄影是一项很花钱的业余爱好。

[expensive to buy/run/produce/maintain etc](bold)

The house was too big and expensive to run.

房子太大，养起来很费钱。

For low-income families, children’s safety equipment can be [prohibitively expensive](bold)(=so expensive that most people cannot afford it).

对于低收入家庭来说，儿童的安全设备贵得让人望而却步。

Employing the wrong builder can be a horribly [expensive mistake](bold).

用错建筑工人有时会是代价高昂的错误。

Her husband [had expensive tastes](bold)(=liked expensive things).

她丈夫喜欢的东西都很贵。


experience

Applicants must have experience of working with children.

He suggested that I should gain some experience in a related industry like travel.

Some students lack experience writing essays.

(=increase the amount of different experience you have)

After six years with the bank, he went to work in New York to broaden his experience.

Margaret has considerable experience of hospital work.

(=experience gained over a long period of time)

New prison officers are partnered by officers with long experience of dealing with violent prisoners.

That summer he got some valuable experience working in a tax office.

Playing in the under-21 squad gives these young players invaluable experience.

(=experience that directly relates to a job, subject, or problem)

Applicants need a degree and two years of relevant experience.

His only previous experience of broadcasting consisted of a job hosting a local radio station.

(=experience gained from doing something, not from books or study)

The classes provide students with some practical experience of computers.

(=experience gained by doing something yourself)

She has no first-hand experience of running a school.

Between them, the management team have a wealth of experience.

My colleagues kept making comments about about my lack of experience.

He spoke from personal experience about the harmful effects of taking drugs.

As an older parent, your life experience is one of your greatest assets.

(=experience gained from doing something yourself)

As a journalist living in Iraq, he had first-hand experience of coping with terror on his doorstep.

(=experience that makes you feel disappointed or upset)

I knew from bitter experience how unreliable she could be.

Hunger is part of everyday experience for these children.

Janet knew from experience that love doesn't always last.

The miners spoke from experience about the dangers of their work.

Many men in their twenties lack experience and social skills.

Experience suggests that children who commit crimes will continue to offend as adults.

He was embarrassed about his lack of experience with women.

On the whole, going to boarding school was a good experience for him.

I've had some bad experiences when I've been travelling on my own.

The entire experience has been very positive.

Many people reported having negative experiences when dealing with their local council.

We want to make the experience as enjoyable as possible.

She recalled pleasant experiences from her past.

(=a good experience that you will remember for a long time)

Meeting the queen was a memorable experience.

Her family supported her through the painful experience.

(=one that is shocking and upsetting, and affects you for a long time)

Having an operation can be a traumatic experience for a child.

The club scene was a whole new experience for me.

(=one that has an important influence on the way someone develops)

The trip was probably the most formative experience of my life.

Our childhood experiences make us what we are as adults.

(=one that makes someone believe strongly in God)

As a young man he had a profound religious experience.

The sound of gunfire is an everyday experience in the city.

knowledge or skill that you gain from doing a job or activity, or the process of doing this

You’ve got a lot of experience of lecturing.

my experience in many areas of the music business

我在音乐行业许多领域所积累的经验

He had no [previous experience](bold) of managing a farm.

他以前没有经营农场的经验。

The advice in the booklet reflects the [practical experience](bold) we have gained (=experience gained by actually doing something, rather than knowledge from books etc).

小册子中的建议反映了我们所获得的实践经验。

I [had](bold) some [experience](bold) in fashion design.

我有一些时装设计方面的经验。

She was turned down on the grounds of [lack of experience](bold).

I have [first-hand experience](bold)(=experience gained by doing something myself) of running a school.

The programme enables pupils to gain some experience of the world of work.

这项活动能使小学生获得一些工作经验。

knowledge that you gain about life and the world by being in different situations and meeting different people, or the process of gaining this

In his experience, women did not like getting their feet wet and muddy.

据他的经验来看，妇女不喜欢脚上沾到水或泥。

Being a parent isn’t easy, as I know from experience.

经验告诉我，当父母不容易。

All animals appear to have some capacity to learn from experience.

所有动物似乎都有某种从经验中学习的能力。

I speak from [bitter experience](bold)(=having learnt something because something unpleasant happened).

我说这话是因为自己有过惨痛的教训。

From personal experience, she knew and understood the problems of alcohol addiction.

她有切身体会，知道并理解酒精成瘾所带来的种种问题。

Beth’s experience suggests that people don’t really change deep down.

贝丝的经历表明人的本性并不会真正改变。

something that happens to you or something you do, especially when this has an effect on what you feel or think

This was my first experience of living with other people.

Failing an exam was a new experience for me.

考试不及格对我来说还是第一次。

I [had](bold) a similar [experience](bold) last year.

去年我经历了类似的事情。

The two children in this story have been through a lot of [bad experiences](bold).

这个故事中的两个孩子遭遇了许多不愉快的事情。

跳伞真可谓是不同寻常的经历。

This romantic evening cruise is a memorable experience.

这趟浪漫的乘船夜游是一次令人难忘的经历。

[religious experience](bold)(=a situation in which you feel, hear, or see something that affects you strongly and makes you believe in God)

This kind of religious experience was a sign of God’s special favour.

events or knowledge shared by the members of a particular society or group of people

黑人/女性/俄罗斯人等的经验[体验]

No writer expresses the black experience with such passion as Toni Morrison.

没有哪位作家像托尼·莫里森那样以如此充满激情的笔调来描述黑人的体验。

a system in which a student can work for a company in order to learn about a job, or the period during which a student does this

Ella is about to do work experience with a clothing manufacturer.

埃拉将去一家制衣厂实习。


experience

if you experience a problem, event, or situation, it happens to you or affects you

Many old people will experience problems as the result of retirement.

许多老人会由于退休而遇到各种问题。

Children need to experience things for themselves in order to learn from them.

儿童需要亲身经历事情以便从中学习。

Many women experience feelings of nausea during pregnancy.

许多女性在怀孕期间会有恶心想吐的感觉。


experienced

possessing skills or knowledge because you have done something often or for a long time

Blake’s very experienced in microsurgery.

布莱克在显微外科手术方面极富经验。


experiment

They carried out a series of experiments to test the theory.

The laboratory began conducting experiments on rats.

an experiment shows/proves/demonstrates sth

His experiment showed that lightning was a kind of electricity.

The experiment proved that fabrics treated with the chemical are much less likely to catch fire.

Astronauts performed scientific experiments during the flight.

I think most animal experiments are cruel and unnecessary.

They did a series of laboratory experiments on human sleep patterns in the 1960s.

(=one that takes place in the real world, not in a laboratory)

In field experiments, we used patients who did not know that it was a test situation.

(=one that is done using correct scientific methods)

The theory has not yet been tested by a properly controlled experiment.

(=one that relates to real situations or events, not scientific theories)

The research team compiled a set of practical experiments in Modern Astronomy.

an experiment to test/measure/find out sth

We did an experiment to test the acidity of the soil.

(=one that tries to achieve a lot and takes risks)

The country’s bold experiment with economic reform has not paid off yet.

Congestion charging is a unique experiment that other UK cities are watching with interest.

(=one in which a country tries a new political system)

He went to Havana to judge for himself the success or failure of the socialist experiment.

(=one in which people try a new way of living and organizing society)

The community started out as a social experiment.

a scientific test done to find out how something reacts under certain conditions, or to find out if a particular idea is true

研究以酒精作燃料的汽车实验

Many small birds guide themselves by the stars, as has been verified by experiment.

许多小鸟靠星星导航，这已被实验所证实。

a process in which you test a new idea or method to see if it is useful or effective


experiment

to try using various ideas, methods etc to find out how good or effective they are

He experimented with lighter-than-air flight.

他尝试了轻于空气的飞行。

The teacher provided some different materials and left the children to experiment.

老师提供了几种不同的材料让孩子们试验。

to do a scientific test to find out if a particular idea is true or to obtain more information

I would defend the right of scientists to experiment on animals.

我会为科学家做动物实验的权利进行辩护。

to try doing something to find out what it feels like, for example having sex or using illegal drugs

She admitted she had experimented with cocaine.


experimental

used for, relating to, or resulting from experiments

用于做实验的；实验(性)的；实验得出的

A hypothesis is tested by finding experimental evidence for it.

experimental studies on birds and animals

有关鸟类和动物的实验性研究


expert

someone who has a lot of knowledge about something or skill at doing something

an expert who has studied a particular medical or technical subject for a long time and knows much more about it than other people

She is a specialist in corporate finance.

My doctor sent me to see a heart specialist.

an expert whose knowledge and opinions are greatly respected

The professor is one of the world’s leading authorities on African art.

/ˌkɒnəˈsɜː / US / ˌkɑːnəˈsɜːr/

an expert on food, art, literature, or design, who has had a lot of experience and knows when something is of very good quality

His works are popular among connoisseurs.

someone who is very interested in a subject and knows a lot about it

Jazz buffs will be familiar with the band’s first album.

The piece was played by violin virtuoso Pavel Sporcl.

He is one of the country’s leading experts on Islam.

(=one who is known in many different countries)

She is a world expert on tropical diseases.

(=someone who is not controlled by, or does not receive money from, an organization or the government)

The authorities called in an independent expert to advise them.

(=someone who has special skills related to a particular job or subject)

Medical experts agree that screening can prevent deaths from breast cancer.

(=someone who says they are an expert, but who you do not respect very much)

There are many so-called experts willing to tell you how to bring up your children.

Experts are saying that the economy is likely to improve towards the end of this year.

Legal experts believe that the evidence will not be accepted in court.

Most financial experts recommend that you don’t borrow money on credit cards.

(=ask an expert for information or advice)

If cracks appear in your house, you should consult an expert to find out what is causing the problem.

Don’t make big financial decisions without first seeking advice from an expert.

You can get advice from our panel of gardening experts.

someone who has a special skill or special knowledge of a subject, gained as a result of training or experience

他是研究海洋哺乳动物的世界权威。

Tests should be administered by a medical expert.

试验应该由一位医学专家来进行。

Someone is an [expert on](bold)  a subject or issue: He’s an expert on the Cold War.
Don’t say: [He’s an expert of the Cold War.](strike)

Someone is an [expert in](bold)  a field of study or an activity: She’s an expert in family law.
Don’t say: [She’s an expert of family law.](strike)


expert

Get some expert advice before investing in a property.

(=the opinions of people who know a lot about something)

Expert opinion on the matter is deeply divided.

Two doctors were called to give expert testimony at the inquiry.

He has expert knowledge of the plants and animals in this area.

(=the eyes of someone who knows a lot about something)

To the expert eye, this is a beautiful example of early Roman pottery.

having a special skill or special knowledge of a subject

The police are expert at handling situations like this in strict confidence.

警察处理这类事情很在行，可以严格保密。

He cast his [expert eye](bold) on the gardener’s work.

他用内行的眼光看了看园丁干的活儿。

Ministers depend on civil servants for [expert advice](bold).

部长们依靠公务员获取专家建议。


expertise

Each scientist had expertise in either mammals, insects, birds, or plants.

It’s a specialist job that requires expertise.

The country lacks the expertise, equipment and finance to deal with the disaster.

The Marine Pollution Control Unit has considerable expertise in dealing with oil spills.

How can an individual without medical expertise make such a decision?

(=skills requiring special education and training)

A health and safety inspector will be glad to give you the benefit of his professional expertise.

Does he have the management expertise required to make the department more productive?

(=skill at operating a business or company)

The company took him on for his business expertise.

His father, also a lawyer, used his legal expertise to help civil rights groups.

(=a lot of knowledge about a particular subject)

Our haulage company has specialist expertise in transporting hi-tech products.

All the applicants for the post had the relevant expertise to do the job.

(=the subject or activity that someone is skilled in)

a historian whose area of expertise is the Roman Empire

Different financial advisers will have different levels of expertise.

The committee hopes to draw on a wide range of expertise from different institutions.

His lack of expertise in running such a large factory led to serious production problems.

special skills or knowledge in a particular subject, that you learn by experience or training

→see THESAURUS at [knowledge](->knowledge)   →see THESAURUS at [skill](->skill)

What he’s bringing to the company is financial expertise.

他给公司带来的是金融专业知识。

trainee engineers with varying degrees of computer expertise

计算机专业技能参差不齐的实习工程师


expire

if an official document expires, it can no longer be legally used

〔正式文件〕到期，过期，失效

players whose contracts expire this summer

合约于今年夏天到期的运动员

The lease on the flat expired on June 14th.

公寓的租约6月14日到期。

if a period of time when someone has a particular position of authority expires, it ends

The chairman’s term of office has already expired.

奥菲莉娅在《哈姆雷特》第四幕中死去。


explain

You[ explain](bold)  something [to](bold)  someone: Alan explained the system to me.
Don’t say: [Alan explained me the system.](strike)  [Alan explained to me the system.](strike)

to give someone the information they need to understand something

Doctors usually explain the risks of the treatment to patients.

to explain something. People often use [tell](bold) instead of [explain](bold) in everyday conversation

The book tells you how to improve your health through diet.

Ellen showed me how to work the coffee maker.

to explain to someone how to do something by doing it while they watch you, especially when it is part of your job

The cabin crew demonstrated the safety procedures to the passengers.

A qualified instructor will demonstrate how to use the equipment properly.

to explain something carefully, especially one step at a time

Mrs. Riddell went through the homework assignment.

to explain a series of ideas, reasons or opinions in an organized way in writing or in a speech

In his speech, he intended to set out the party’s policies on education.

to tell someone about something in a way that is clear or easy to understand

The librarian will explain how to use the catalogue system.

图书馆管理员将说明如何使用目录系统。

He explained that it had been a difficult film to make.

他解释说这部电影很难制作。

I explained the situation to my bank manager.

我向我的银行经理说明了情况。

to give a reason for something or to be a reason for something

等一下！我可以解释一切。

How can you explain that sort of behaviour?

I’ll explain why I don’t believe your story.

我会解释我为何不相信你说的情况。

That still doesn’t explain how he was able to hide the body.

那还是没有说明他怎么能够藏尸的。

to tell someone who is angry or upset with you the reasons why you did something

I’m going to give you five seconds to explain yourself.

我给你五秒钟时间解释自己的行为。

Sorry, I’m not explaining myself very well.

对不起，我没把自己的意思说得很清楚。


explanation

Does the hospital have any explanation for why he died?

The police gave no explanation for their actions.

This theory may provide an explanation for the origins of the universe.

When I asked for an explanation, the people at the office said they didn't know.

Furious parents are demanding an explanation from the school.

She continued to stare at him in silence, waiting for an explanation.

find/think of/come up with an explanation

Scientists have been unable to find an explanation for this phenomenon.

I think you owe me some kind of explanation.

We think the minister’s decision requires an explanation.

Can anyone think of a possible explanation for why this is happening?

The most likely explanation is that John missed the bus.

The most probable explanation is that the water was contaminated.

There is no obvious explanation for his strange behaviour.

Pilot error is the most plausible explanation for the crash.

(=one that explains something completely)

A bank must offer an adequate explanation of all its charges.

The author fails to provide a convincing explanation for the main character’s motives.

Physics finally gave us a rational explanation for the atom’s strange behaviour.

He gave no further explanation for leaving, and she did not ask for any.

(=used when there is no explanation that you can think of)

There was no apparent explanation for the attack.

the reasons you give for why something happened or why you did something

Can you think of any explanation for this failure?

对这次失败你能想出什么解释吗？

The concert was cancelled without explanation.

a statement or piece of writing intended to describe how something works or make something easier to understand

The ability to give clear explanations is the most important quality of the ideal teacher.

清晰讲解的能力是优秀教师最重要的素质。

I’ll try and give you a quick explanation of how the machine works.

我争取给你快速解释一下这机器的工作原理。


explanatory

giving information about something or describing how something works, in order to make it easier to understand

There are [explanatory notes](bold) at the end of each chapter.


explicit

expressed in a way that is very clear and direct

The contrast could not have been [made](bold) more [explicit](bold).

The kidnappers gave us [explicit instructions](bold) not to involve the police.

绑匪明确告诉我们不许报警。

Be explicit when you talk about money with your family.

与家人谈钱的问题要直截了当。

He made the rules without being explicit about them.

language or pictures that are explicit describe or show sex or violence very clearly

〔描绘性或暴力的语言或画面〕清晰露骨的

The film contains some very explicit love scenes.


explode

if a bomb explodes, it bursts suddenly and violently with a loud noise

A bomb exploded in a crowded metro station this morning, killing five people.

if a bomb goes off, it explodes. [Go off](bold) is less formal than [explode](bold) and is the usual phrase to use in everyday English

Luckily the station was empty when the bomb went off.

As many as ten bombs went off across the city, most of them car bombs.

if a building, car, plane etc blows up, it bursts suddenly and violently into pieces, causing a lot of damage

The plane blew up in mid-air, killing all the passengers and crew.

In early 1986, a US space shuttle blew up shortly after launch.

if a erupts, it explodes and sends smoke and rock into the sky

The volcano has erupted at least fifteen times since 1883.

if something that has air or liquid inside it bursts, it explodes and the air or liquid comes out

The plane caught fire after its tyre burst on landing.

to make a bomb burst suddenly and violently with a loud noise

The terrorists planned to explode a car bomb outside the US embassy.

to make a bomb explode, either deliberately or accidentally. [Set off](bold) is less formal than [explode](bold) and is the usual phrase to use in everyday English

The group set off a bomb outside a crowded cafe in Izmir last September.

Police say radio signals were probably used to set the bomb off.

to make a bomb explode, especially by using special equipment. [Detonate](bold) is a more technical word than [set off](bold)

Army experts detonated the bomb safely in a nearby field.

The 200 kg bomb was detonated by terrorists using a remote-control device.

Terrorists let off a bomb in the city centre.

The bomb was let off shortly before 3 pm.

to make a building, car, plane etc explode

He was involved in a plot to blow up a passenger jet.

He struck a match and blew the whole place up.

to burst, or to make something burst, into small pieces, usually with a loud noise and in a way that causes damage

The device was thrown at an army patrol but failed to explode.

炸弹投向了陆军巡逻队，但没有爆炸。

Far sooner than anyone thought possible, the Russians exploded an atomic bomb.

苏联引爆了一颗原子弹，大大早于任何人的预期。

In everyday English, people usually say that a bomb [goes off](bold)  rather than [explodes](bold) :

A bomb [went off](bold) in the city centre.

to suddenly increase greatly in number, amount, or degree

Florida’s population exploded after World War II.

第二次世界大战后，佛罗里达州的人口急剧增长。

to suddenly express strong feelings such as anger

〔愤怒等感情〕爆发，迸发

Paul exploded. ‘What has it got to do with you?’ he yelled.

保罗大发雷霆。“这和你有什么关系？”他大声喊道。

He told a joke which made Hank explode with laughter.

他讲了个笑话，逗得汉克哈哈大笑。

He exploded into a screaming, kicking rage.

他勃然大怒，又是叫又是踢。

if a situation explodes, it is suddenly no longer controlled, and is often violent

The continued tension could explode into more violence.

持续的紧张局势会引发更多的暴力事件。

to prove that something that is believed by many people is actually wrong or not true

The programme sets out to explode the myth that some delicate tropical fish are impossible to keep.

这节目一心要推翻关于某些娇弱的热带鱼不可能养活的错误观点。


exploit

to treat someone unfairly by asking them to do things for you, but giving them very little in return – used to show disapproval

Homeworkers can easily be exploited by employers.

在家工作的人容易被雇主剥削。

to try to get as much as you can out of a situation, sometimes unfairly

The violence was blamed on thugs exploiting the situation.

暴力事件归咎于这一局面被暴徒所利用。

The new TV companies are fully exploiting the potential of satellite transmission.

新创立的电视公司在充分利用卫星传输的潜力。

to develop and use minerals, forests, oil etc for business or industry

the urgent need to exploit the resources of the Irish Sea

开发爱尔兰海资源的迫切需要


exploit

a brave and exciting adventure that someone has had

the daring exploits of the British Parachute Regiment


exploitation

a situation in which you treat someone unfairly by asking them to do things for you, but give them very little in return – used to show disapproval

The film industry thrives on the [sexual exploitation](bold) of women.

the development and use of minerals, forests, oil etc for business or industry

the controlled exploitation of resources

an attempt to get as much as you can out of a situation, sometimes unfairly

the exploitation of religion for political ends

出于政治目的而对宗教的利用


exploration

the act of travelling through a place in order to find out about it or find something such as oil or gold in it

oil exploration facilities in the North Sea

You can then use this hut as a base for explorations into the mountains around.

你到时可以把这间小屋当大本营，去周围的山里探险。

when you try to find out more about something by discussing it, thinking about it etc

an exploration into how an abused child becomes an abuser

对受虐待的孩子如何变成施虐者的研究


explore

to discuss or think about something carefully

Management need to explore ways of improving office security.

管理层需要探讨如何加强办事处的安全措施。

I’m going to [explore the possibility of](bold) a part-time job.

我要好好想想兼职工作的可能性。

to travel around an area in order to find out about it

威尼斯是一个美妙的城市，值得好好探究一番。

to look for something such as oil, minerals etc

to feel something with your hand or another part of your body to find out what it is like

〔用手或身体其他部位〕探查

Gingerly she explored the bump on her head with her fingers.

她小心翼翼地用手指摸了摸头上的肿块。


explorer

someone who travels through an unknown area to find out about it


explosion

There has been a big explosion in the centre of Paris.

An enormous explosion tore the roof off the building.

The torpedo struck the side of the ship, followed by a tremendous explosion.

The powerful explosion was heard from Portland, Maine to Albany, New York.

We are getting reports of a major explosion at the oil refinery.

We heard several loud explosions followed by an eerie silence.

The building collapsed in a deafening explosion.

There was an almighty explosion and I was knocked to the ground.

We could just make out a muffled explosion from deep inside the mine.

This is the site of the first ever nuclear explosion.

Firefighters say that a gas explosion destroyed the building.

You could see where a volcanic explosion had blown the mountain peak away.

The police do not yet know what caused the explosion.

Investigators believe a fuel leak may have triggered the explosion.

By 1942, the United States had carried out test explosions with nuclear bombs.

Marie was reading in bed when she heard the explosion.

The largest explosion took place at the main post office.

The explosion occurred just off the coast of Greece.

A series of explosions shook the building.

Seven people died when the explosion destroyed the bus.

Last year, an underground explosion killed 82  miners.

Henry thought she was going to laugh, but then there was a sudden explosion of sobbing.

The decision not to plant the fields led to a population explosion in rabbits.

There has been an explosion of interest in networking websites in the last few years.

The army had to cope with the explosion of violence that followed the elections.

The verdict was greeted by an explosion of public anger.

After the rain, the desert bloomed in an explosion of color.

a loud sound and the energy produced by something such as a bomb bursting into small pieces

Several people were injured in a bomb explosion.

有数人在炸弹爆炸中受伤。

我们听到一声巨大的爆炸声。

A massive explosion ripped through the building.

a process in which something such as a bomb is deliberately made to explode

Police carried out a [controlled explosion](bold) of the device.

警察对炸弹进行了控制引爆。

a sudden or quick increase in the number or amount of something

the [population explosion](bold) in India

the recent explosion of interest in Latin music and dance

最近对拉丁音乐和舞蹈的兴趣陡增

a sudden expression of emotion, especially anger

〔愤怒等感情的〕爆发，迸发


explosive

Because the gas is [highly explosive](bold), it needs to be kept in high-pressure containers.

由于这种气体极易爆炸，因此需要保存在高压容器内。

A small [explosive device](bold)(=bomb) was set off outside the UN headquarters today.

今天有一枚小型炸弹在联合国总部外爆炸。

the [explosive force](bold) of volcanoes

likely to become violent or to cause feelings of violence

易引发暴力的；易引起暴力情绪的

He’s good at defusing [potentially explosive](bold) situations.

他擅长缓和可能一触即发的形势。

the explosive issue of uncontrolled immigration

移民入境失控这一极易引发暴力的问题

Both men suddenly spoke in the same explosive tone of voice.

两个男人突然都用同样暴躁的腔调说话了。

increasing suddenly or quickly in amount or number


explosive

→ [plastic explosive](->plastic explosive)


export

The US is Scotland’s second largest export market after France.

Most of its export trade is with Russia.

(=the money a company or country makes from exports)

Oil and gas provide 40% of Norway’s export earnings.

(=the total number of products that are sold to other countries)

Export sales exceeded 50% of the company’s total turnover.

Hong Kong is a major trading power, with annual export figures rivalling those of Germany.

(=an official document giving you permission to sell something to another country)

You will have to submit an application for an export licence.

(=official limits on the number of exports)

The European Parliament wants tougher export controls on certain goods.

The number of goods subject to import and export quotas is being reduced.

During the crisis, France imposed an export ban on British beef.

Agricultural products are the country’s principal exports.

Higher tariffs will affect a wide range of British exports.

(=services that are exported, such as banking or insurance, rather than a product)

The City of London is important to the invisible exports of this country.

The measures should boost exports and create employment.

Kenya used subsidies to encourage exports.

OPEC has threatened to reduce exports of oil to the West.

The government threatened to restrict exports because of weak demand.

In retaliation, Britain banned exports of cloth to France.

Electronics exports grew more slowly than in previous years.

Exports of gas and oil continued to fall while imports of raw materials have risen.

Exports currently account for 37% of sales.

The electronics sector has seen a 16% growth in exports.

There has been a decline in exports and an increase in oil prices.

the business of selling and sending goods to other countries

bales of cloth for export to the continent

a product that is sold to another country

Wheat is one of the country’s main exports.

小麦是该国的主要出口商品之一。


export

[exportation](bold) /ˌekspɔːˈteɪʃ/ US /-ɔːr-/  n. <U>

这家公司向美国出口金枪鱼。

to introduce an activity, idea etc to another place or country

传播，输出〔活动、观念等〕

Italian food has been exported all over the world.

to move computer information from one computer to another, from one computer document to another, or from one piece of software to another