professional

[professionalization](bold) /prəˌfeʃ/ US /-lə-/  n. <U> eg: the increasing professionalization of childcare services

[professionalize](bold) /prəˈfeʃ/  v. <T>

Everyone considering buying a house should seek professional advice.

It is very important for parents to get professional help if this problem arises.

Many of the courses lead directly to professional qualifications.

All the charity’s workers are volunteers, without professional training.

The Law Society’s function is to maintain the highest professional standards.

(=organization that people from a particular profession can belong to)

Is your architect a member of a professional body?

After retiring from sport, he began his professional career as a journalist.

At this point she took the biggest risk of her professional life.

relating to a job that needs special education and training

What professional qualifications does he have?

It is essential to get good [professional advice](bold).

获得有用的专业指导非常重要。

You may need to seek [professional help](bold).

你可能需要寻求专业帮助。

relating to your job or work and not to your private life

工作上的〔相对于私人生活而言〕

showing that someone has been well trained and is good at their work

This business plan looks very professional.

这个商业计划看上去很有专业水平。

doing a job, sport, or activity for money, rather than just for fun

职业性的；专业的；非业余的

[turn/go professional](bold)(=start to do something as a job)

done by or relating to people who are paid to do a sport or activity

由职业人员参加的；职业性的

The golf tournament is a professional event.

这项高尔夫锦标赛是职业赛事。

someone who works in a profession, or who has an important position in a company or business

We’d prefer to rent the house to a professional couple.

我们更愿意把房子租给从事专业工作的夫妇。

someone who lies or complains too much – used humorously

撒谎/抱怨等的专家〔幽默用法〕


professional

someone who earns money by doing a job, sport, or activity that many other people do just for fun

〔相对于业余爱好者的〕职业人士，职业选手

赫德于1998年签约成为职业选手。

someone who works in a job that needs special education and training, such as a doctor, lawyer, or architect

专业人士，专家〔如医生、律师、建筑师等〕

[health professionals](bold)(=doctors, nurses etc)

someone who has a lot of experience and does something very skilfully

你唱起歌来就像个专业歌手。

someone who is very good at a sport and is employed by a private club to teach its members

〔私人俱乐部的〕网球/高尔夫球/游泳等教练


professor

a teacher of the highest rank in a university department

教授〔大学院系中最高的职称〕

[professor of Chinese/economics/religion etc](bold)

She’s been named the professor of English.

→ [assistant professor](->assistant professor) → [associate professor](->associate professor)


profile

〔人头部的〕侧面（像），侧影

a short description that gives important details about a person, a group of people, or a place

人物简介，传略；〔某地方的〕概况

something that is high profile is noticed by many people or gets a lot of attention

Jack runs a department with a high public profile.

杰克管理着一个受到公众注目的部门。

The star [has](bold) a [high profile](bold) in Britain.

那位明星在英国非常引人注目。

to behave quietly and avoid doing things that will make people notice you

if a person or an organization raises its profile, it gets more attention from the public

an advertising campaign designed to raise the bank’s profile

一场旨在提升这家银行形象的广告宣传活动

an edge or a shape of something seen against a background

the sharp profile of the western foothills against the sky

西面山麓小丘在天空衬托下的清晰轮廓


profile

to write or give a short description of someone or something

The new Chief Executive was profiled in yesterday’s newspaper.

昨天的报纸刊登了新任总裁的简介。


profit

money that you gain by selling things or doing business, after your costs have been paid

The big oil companies have made enormous profits following the rise in oil prices.

The company said it expected fourth-quarter earnings to be lower than last year’s results.

Pre-tax earnings have grown from $6.3 million to $9.4 million.

the profit that you get from an investment

You should get a good return on your investment.

We didn’t get much of a return on our money.

They’re promising high returns on investments of over $100,000.

the amount of business done during a particular period

The illicit drugs industry has an annual turnover of some £200bn.

the money that a business, shop etc gets from selling its goods in a day, week, month etc

This week’s takings are up on last week’s.

money paid to you by a bank or other financial institution when you keep money in an account there

They are offering a high rate of interest on deposits of over £3,000.

The money is still earning interest in your account.

a part of a company’s profit that is divided among the people who have shares in the company

Shareholders will receive a dividend of 10p for each share.

The company said it will pay shareholders a final dividend of 700 cents a share.

They were only interested in a quick profit.

There is a good profit to be made in selling cars.

The agent then sells the land for a substantial profit to someone else.

By the second year, the restaurant began to make a healthy profit.

The business managed to produce a small profit last year.

The company made a net profit of $10.5 million.

The hotel group made a gross profit of £51.9 million in 2008.

(=profit relating to a company’s normal activities)

Both turnover and operating profits were lower.

Without the liquor sales, the store could not turn a profit.

The business will not show a profit this year.

The company reported net profits of $3.6 million for fiscal year 2006.

We have the capacity to generate more profit.

They aim to boost profits by slashing costs.

Every firm tries to maximize its profits.

Half of the firms surveyed expected profits to rise.

The group saw profits fall from £24m to £17.8m.

The group’s pre-tax profits slumped to £25.5m.

The shop’s daily profit is usually around $500.

这家商店每天的利润一般在500美元左右。

She sold the business and bought a farm with the profits.

她卖了公司，用所得利润买下了一座农场。

They sold their house [at a](bold) healthy [profit](bold).

他们卖掉房子，赚了一大笔钱。

an advantage that you gain from doing something

There’s no profit in letting meetings drag on.

会议拖拖拉拉没什么好处。


profit

有益于，对〔某人〕有好处

It might profit you to learn about the company before your interview.

在面试之前对该公司作些了解可能会对你有所帮助。

There are lessons in these stories that all children can profit by.

所有的孩子都可以从这些故事中汲取教训。

Some industries, such as shipbuilding, clearly profited from the war.

某些行业，例如造船业，显然从这场战争中获利了。


profitable

有利可图的；有益的，有用的

The advertising campaign proved very profitable.

事实证明，这次广告宣传活动卓有成效。


profound

Tolstoy’s experiences of war had a profound effect on his work.

托尔斯泰的战争经历深刻影响了他的作品。

The mother’s behaviour has a profound impact on the developing child.

母亲的行为对于正在成长的孩子有极大的影响。

〔感情〕强烈的，深切的，严肃的

showing great knowledge and understanding

deep or far below the surface of something

Her work touches something profound in the human psyche.

她的作品触及了人类心灵深处的某些东西。


profoundly

He was profoundly affected by his time in the army.

军旅生涯深深地影响了他。

The experience had been profoundly disturbing.

这次经历一直令人非常不安。

physically unable to hear anything at all


program

The pictures were generated by a computer program.

a software program that aids in website design

(=one that can do calculations with numbers)

A spreadsheet program doesn't replace the traditional accounts package.

(=one that you use for writing documents)

All word processing programs can check your spelling.

You should update your anti-virus program regularly.

They learned how to write their own programs.

You have to input this information every time you run the program.

The documentation explains how to use the program.

Is that program installed on your computer?

You can download the program and use it free of charge for 90 days.

a set of instructions given to a computer to make it perform an operation


program

[past tense and past participle](italic) [programmed](bold) [present participle](italic) [programming](bold)

to give a computer a set of instructions that it can use to perform a particular operation

attempts to program computers to produce and understand speech

编写程序让计算机生成并理解语言的尝试

Any large high-speed computer can be programmed to learn.

任何大型高速计算机都可以通过编程获得学习能力。


programme

something that you watch on television, or listen to on the radio

What’s your favourite television programme?

I watched an interesting programme about Egypt last night.

a programme on television or the radio, especially an informal one in which people talk together, take part in a game etc

She hosts a weekly call-in radio show called ‘Got a question?’

a programme that gives you facts and information about a serious subject, such as history, science, or social problems

a television or radio programme that tells an imaginary story about a group of people and their lives, and is often broadcast regularly for many years

an amusing programme in which there is a different story each week about the same group of people

television programmes that show real people in funny situations or situations in which they must compete with each other. Often the people are filmed continuously for weeks or months

The trouble with reality TV is that a lot of the time it’s really boring.

a programme, event etc that is broadcast on the Internet

Universities may record and broadcast some lectures as webcasts.

a file of recorded sound and sometimes pictures that you can  from the Internet

The interview is available as a podcast.

The party did not have a clear economic programme.

This project is a central part of the development programme for the area.

After the elections, they embarked on an ambitious reform programme.

The company’s aggressive expansion program will double the size of the chain in the next four years.

We will continue with our hospital building programme.

The government’s spending programme is the subject of vigorous debate.

He was involved in the Soviet space programme.

A major programme of modernisation is transforming public transport in London.

The European Community embarked on an ambitious programme of research.

The company has embarked on an expansion programme.

They attempted to implement a programme of reform.

There aren't many good TV programmes on an the moment.

I was once interviewed for a radio programme.

More and more people are watching cookery programmes on TV.

Did you see that programme last night about crocodiles?

A lot of people listen to that programme on the way to work.

I heard an interesting programme on the radio yesterday.

At the time she was also presenting several television programmes.

I was invited to appear on a TV programme.

([BrE](special)) AmE program  [n](bold) <[C](bold)>

a series of actions which are designed to achieve something important

a United Nations programme to control the spread of AIDS

联合国控制艾滋病传播计划

something that you watch on television or listen to on the radio

What’s your favourite [television programme](bold)?

你最喜欢的电视节目是什么？

There’s a programme about killer whales next.

接下来要播放一个关于虎鲸的节目。

斯坦福大学的工商管理硕士课程

actions that have been planned to keep something in good condition or improve something

a small book or piece of paper that gives information about a play, concert etc and who the performers are

〔戏剧、音乐会等的〕演出介绍，节目单

a series of planned activities or events, or a list showing what order they will come in

〔活动的〕计划表，程序单

a programme of exhibitions throughout the year

a series of actions done in a particular order by a machine such as a washing machine

〔洗衣机等机器的〕工作程序

The light goes off when it finishes the programme.

工作程序结束之后指示灯熄灭。

used to tell someone to pay attention to what needs to be done, and to do it


programme

([BrE](special)) AmE program  [v](bold) <[T](bold)>

to set a machine to operate in a particular way

预调，设置〔机器使之按某种方式运作〕

The computers are programmed to search for key words and numbers.

这些计算机都已设定好搜索关键词和数字。

if a person or an animal is programmed socially or biologically to do something, they do it without thinking

〔人或动物因社会或生理原因天生〕按某种方式行动

All birds of this species are programmed to build their nests in the same way.

这种鸟生来都会以同样的方式筑巢。

to arrange for something to happen as part of a series of planned events or activities


programmer

someone whose job is to write computer programs


programming

the activity of writing programs for computers, or something written by a programmer

〔计算机的〕程序编写，程序设计；程序

television or radio programmes, or the planning of these broadcasts

〔电视或广播〕节目；电视[广播]节目策划，编排

The Winter Olympics received over 160 hours of television programming.

超过160个小时的电视节目对冬季奥运会进行报道。


progress

[Progress ](bold) is an uncountable noun: She is making good progress.
Don’t say: [She is making a good progress.](strike)

the process of getting better at doing something, or getting closer to finishing or achieving something

We have made good progress towards meeting our objectives.

a discovery, invention, or change that brings progress

the technological advances of the twentieth century

In recent years there have been enormous economic and social advances.

an important discovery or achievement that makes progress possible, especially one that happens suddenly after a long period of trying

Scientists have described the discovery as a major breakthrough.

The breakthrough in the investigation came when police found a stolen car.

to make progress towards achieving something – used especially when it is difficult to make progress

After several months of discussion, the committee had made little headway.

a situation in which no further progress can be made because two groups or organizations cannot find a way to end a disagreement

At that point the strike appeared to have reached a stalemate.

the year-long political deadlock between the two parties

a situation in which progress has stopped completely, especially because people cannot agree on what to do next

The situation seemed to have reached an impasse.

The economy seems to be grinding to a halt.

It was clear that the peace talks had ground to a halt.

The country has made significant economic progress.

Language problems might hinder a child’s progress at school.

The talks ended with no real progress having been achieved.

A social worker calls regularly to check on the children’s progress.

Throughout the night, doctors charted his progress.

We appraise the work and evaluate each student’s individual progress.

The task remains difficult and progress has been slow.

Steady progress has been made towards our objectives.

He is out of hospital and making good progress.

The investigation is making rapid progress.

Significant progress has been made in reducing nuclear weapons.

Scientists have made great progress in the last four years.

2007 was a year of substantial progress for the company.

The two students who fell behind are now making satisfactory progress.

The police are disappointed by the slow progress of the investigation.

警方对调查进度缓慢感到失望。

There has been significant progress in controlling heart disease.

在控制心脏病方面取得了很大的进展。

We are making steady progress towards a peaceful settlement.

我们正朝着达成和平协议稳步前进。

Little progress has been made on human rights issues.

〔向某地的〕缓慢行进；稳步前进

We [made good progress](bold) despite the snow.

尽管下雪，我们的行程还是很顺利。

They watched the ship’s slow progress through the heavy seas.

他们看着那艘船在波涛汹涌的海面上缓慢前行。

change which is thought to lead to a better society, because of developments in science or fairer methods of social organization

Mankind is destroying the planet, [all in the name of progress](bold)(=because people want progress).

假借发展的名义，人类正在毁灭地球。

Under communism, nothing was allowed to get in the way of [the great march of progress](bold).

A lecture was in progress in the main hall.

They looked in periodically to check the work in progress.

他们时不时地朝里张望，以查看正在进行的工作。


progress

to improve, develop, or achieve things so that you are then at a more advanced stage

I asked the nurse how my son was progressing.

我询问护士我儿子身体恢复得如何。

She started with a cleaning job, and progressed to running the company.

她从清洁工做起，一路晋升至公司的管理者。

We must progress towards full integration of Catholic and Protestant pupils in Ireland.

我们必须争取使爱尔兰的天主教和新教小学生完全融合在一起。

Last year the team didn’t progress beyond the opening round.

if an activity such as work or a project progresses, or you progress it, it continues

（使）〔工作或计划〕继续，进展

We’re hoping to progress the Lane project more quickly next week.

我们希望下星期可以更快地推进“莱恩计划”。

if time or an event progresses, time passes

〔时间〕逐渐过去；〔活动〕继续

As the meeting progressed, Nina grew more and more bored.

会议继续着，尼娜感到越来越无聊。

时间在一点点过去，我长话短说吧。

Our taxi seemed to be progressing very slowly.

我们的出租车似乎开得非常慢。


progression

→ [arithmetic progression](->arithmetic progression) → [geometric progression](->geometric progression)

a gradual process of change or development

the [natural progression](bold) of the disease

his career progression through the organization

他在这个机构中的职业晋升

the [logical progression](bold) from accountant to financial controller

从会计到财务主管的合理晋升

Europe’s progression towards economic and monetary union

欧洲经济和货币统一的进程

a number of things coming one after the other


progressive

supporting new or modern ideas and methods, especially in politics and education

〔尤指在政治和教育方面〕进步的，先进的

progressive and forward-looking policies

happening or developing gradually over a period of time

Britain’s progressive decline as a world power

英国作为世界强国的逐步衰落

the progressive form of a verb is used to show that an action or activity is continuing to happen. In English, it consists of the verb ‘be’ followed by the present participle, as in ‘I was waiting for the bus’.


progressive

someone with modern ideas who wants to change things


progressively

The situation became progressively worse.


prohibit

to say that an action is illegal or not allowed

Smoking is strictly prohibited inside the factory.

They are prohibited from revealing details about the candidates.

他们被禁止透露候选人的详情。

[Prohibit](bold)  is usually passive in this meaning.

to make something impossible or prevent it from happening


prohibition

ˌprəʊhəˈbɪʃən

the act of saying that something is illegal


project

The aim of this research project is to study modern food habits.

Spending on new construction projects has been reduced.

Our aim is assess the environmental impact of new development projects.

(=one organized to test if an idea will be successful)

These changes were shelved after pilot projects showed poor results.

The company is funding a major research project into the causes of addiction.

Young people often enjoy the challenge of an ambitious project.

A team has been working on the project for three years.

$30 million would be required to set up the project.

He was embarking on the biggest project of his career.

The project manager is responsible for sorting this out.

The first phase of the project was due to be completed by the end of 2008.

a carefully planned piece of work to get information about something, to build something, to improve something etc

The project aims to provide an analysis of children’s emotions.

该计划旨在对儿童情绪作出分析。

The scheme will now be extended after a successful [pilot project](bold)(=a small trial to test if an idea will be successful).

试行成功后，该方案现在将得到推广。

a project to develop a substitute for oil

开发一种石油替代品的计划

这个项目由威康公开有限公司资助。

a part of a school or college course that involves careful study of a particular subject over a period of time

〔学校的〕课题，研究项目

We’re [doing](bold) a [project](bold) on pollution.

我们正在做一个关于污染的课题。

(also: [the projects](bold) ([AmE](bold)) (informal) )

〔供低收入家庭居住的〕安置住宅区


project

to calculate what something will be in the future, using the information you have now

The company projected an annual growth rate of 3%.

该公司预计每年的增长率为3%。

Total expenditure is projected to rise by 25%.

Four towers projected from the main building.

从主楼上突出来四个塔楼。

to make the picture of a film, photograph etc appear in a larger form on a screen or flat surface

to try to make other people have a particular idea about you

呈现出 …样子，表现〔自己〕

I hope the team will [project](bold) a smart professional [image](bold).

我希望该队能展现出干练、专业的形象。

his attempts to project himself as a potential leader

他试图表现出作为未来领导的样子

to speak clearly and loudly so that you can be heard by everyone in a big room

放开声音〔使大房间的每个人都能听见〕

to make something move up or forwards with great force

The plant projects its seeds over a wide area.

那种植物可以把种子散播到广阔的范围。

to make someone quickly have success or a much better job

使〔某人〕迅速成功；让〔某人〕迅速获得更好的工作

His success projected him onto Channel 4‘s comedy series ’Packet of Three'.

他的成功让自己跻身于第四频道的系列喜剧《三人帮》中。

to imagine that someone else is feeling the same emotions as you

想象〔他人〕具有〔自己的思想感情〕；把〔自己的感情〕投射到他人身上

You’re projecting your insecurity onto me.

你在把自己的不安全感投射到我身上。


projection

→ [Mercator projection](->Mercator projection)

a statement or calculation about what something will be in the future or was in the past, based on information available now

〔对于未来情况的〕预测；〔对过去的〕估算

projections of declining natural gas production

对呈下降趋势的天然气产量的预测

population projections for the next 25 years

He declined to [make projections](bold) about fourth quarter earnings.

他拒绝估算第四季度的收入。

Early projections show a three-point lead for the Socialists.

早期的预测表明社会党人领先三个百分点。

something that sticks out from a surface

small projections of weathered rock on the hillside

山坡上许多凸出的小块风化岩石

the act of projecting a film or picture onto a screen

〔幻灯片的〕投射，投影；〔电影的〕放映

the act of imagining that someone else is feeling the same emotions as you

投射〔想象别人与自己有同样的感受〕

a representation of something solid on a flat surface

something that you imagine to have particular qualities because of your wishes or feelings

The Devil is a projection of our fears and insecurities.

魔鬼是我们自身恐惧和不安全感的主观体现。


prolong

The issue divided the country and prolonged the civil war.

Successful treatment is prolonging people's lives.

This would only prolong the unhappiness she felt.

to make something last longer than the usual time

They suggested lengthening the training period for new teachers.

New security measures have lengthened the time passengers spend in airports.

to make something that is coming to an end continue for a longer period of time – used especially about official arrangements such as  and

They agreed to extend his contract by a year.

The offer has been extended for a further fourteen days.

to make a situation or event last longer than necessary

I wish they'd make a decision and not keep dragging it out.

Each side accused the other of dragging out the negotiations.

to deliberately make something such as a feeling or an activity last longer

延长，拉长，拖长〔感觉或活动〕

I was trying to think of some way to prolong the conversation.

我在想方设法拖长这次谈话。

to make an unpleasant or anxious time last longer, especially when people are waiting for news

延长痛苦〔尤指拖延告诉某人他很想知道的事情〕

There’s no point in prolonging the agony any longer.


prominence

the fact of being important and well known

the prominence of pressure groups as political forces

压力集团作为政治力量的重要性

[come to/rise to/achieve prominence (as sth)](bold)

She first came to prominence as an artist in 1989.

她于1989年在艺术界崭露头角。

give sth prominence/give prominence to sth

to treat something as specially important

Every newspaper gave prominence to the success of England’s cricketers.

每家报纸都对英格兰板球运动员的成功大加报道。

a part or place that is higher than what is around it


prominent

[prominently](bold) adv. eg: Her photo was prominently displayed on his desk.

重要的；著名的；卓越的，杰出的

[play a prominent part/role (in sth)](bold)

Mandela played a prominent role in the early years of the ANC.

曼德拉在非国大创立初期起了重要的作用。

The World Cup will have a [prominent place](bold) on the agenda.

世界杯赛将占据议程表的重要位置。

something that is in a prominent place is easily seen

〔位置〕突出的，显著的，显眼的

The statue was in a prominent position outside the railway station.

那座雕像位于火车站外的显著位置。

something that is prominent is large and sticks out


promise

You [promise to](bold)  do something: He promised to help.

You [promise ](bold)  that you [will](bold)  do something: I promise that I will come to your party.

You [promise ](bold)  someone that you [will ](bold) do something: I promise you that I will come.

You [promised ](bold)  that you [would](bold)  do something: She promised that she would come.

You [promised ](bold)  someone that you [would](bold)  do something: My parents promised me that they would buy me a new car.
Don’t say: [My parents promised me to buy a new car.](strike)

You can also [promise](bold)  someone something: My parents promised me a new car.

to tell someone that you will definitely do something, or that something will happen

The organisers have promised that this year’s event will take place.

to make a very serious and sincere promise, for example in a law court

to promise sincerely that you will do something or that something is true – often used when you are trying to persuade someone that they can trust you

I give you my word that your money is safe with me.

I’ll let you go out tonight if you give me your word that you’ll be home by 11.

to make a very serious promise, often to yourself

She vowed that she would never drink alcohol again.

They vowed to carry on their campaign for justice.

to promise someone that something will happen or that something is true, in order to try to make them feel less worried

Police have assured the public that they are doing everything they can to find the killer.

to promise that you will make sure that something will definitely happen, so that there is no question of it not happening

I guarantee that you will have the documents by tomorrow.

How can you guarantee that this won’t happen again?

to promise publicly or officially that you will do something, for example to give help or money

The government has pledged to increase overseas aid to $4 billion over the next five years.

to make an official or legal promise to do something

The government undertook to keep price increases to a minimum.

The two sides undertook to respect each other’s territory.

to make a firm and definite promise to do something important, which will affect you for a long time and which could result in serious effects if you fail

Bobby felt unready to commit to a romantic relationship.

A group of 11 companies has committed to developing a new passenger plane.

to tell someone that you will definitely do or provide something or that something will happen

Last night the headmaster promised a full investigation.

校长昨晚允诺进行全面调查。

She’s promised to do all she can to help.

Hurry up – we promised we wouldn’t be late.

快点，我们保证过不会迟到的。

You promised me the car would be ready on Monday.

你答应过我车子星期一可以用。

‘Promise me you won’t do anything stupid.’ ‘I promise.’

“答应我你不会做傻事。” “我答应。”

I’ve promised that book to Ian, I’m afraid.

我已经答应把那本书给伊恩了，对不起。

The company promised us a bonus this year.

公司承诺今年给我们发奖金。

‘I’ll be back by 1.00.’ ‘[Promise](bold)?’ ‘Yes! Don’t worry.’

“我1点钟前会回来。” “你保证？” “是的！别担心。”

He reappeared two hours later, [as promised](bold).

就像他保证过的，他两小时后再次露面。

Tonight’s meeting promises to be a difficult one.

今晚的会议有可能不容易对付。

to promise to give someone something that is impossible for you to give

used to tell someone that you will try to do what they want, but may not be able to

I’ll try my best to get tickets, but I can’t promise anything.

我会尽我所能弄到门票，但我不能保证什么。

used to emphasize a promise, warning, or statement


promise

a statement that you will definitely do or provide something, which may not be reliable

‘I’ll call you tomorrow.’ ‘Is that a promise?’

a public or official promise to do a particular thing in the future

The Government has fulfilled at least 50% of its election pledges.

We have received pledges of help from various organizations.

a very serious promise to do something or not to do something that you choose to make

He made a vow never to drink alcohol again.

a formal promise, especially one that someone makes in a court of law

Witnesses swear a solemn oath to tell the truth.

Public officials must take an oath to support the US Constitution.

a serious or public promise to do something, especially something difficult which needs a lot of effort or money

The police have given an undertaking to reduce street crime in the city centre.

He was made to sign a written undertaking that he would not go within a mile of her house.

a promise that something will happen or is true, made so that someone is less worried or more confident

You have my assurance that it won’t happen again.

The manager gave me his personal assurance that the goods would be delivered today.

a very definite promise that something will happen. A guarantee is also a formal written promise by a company to repair or replace a product free if it has a fault within a fixed period of time.

With any diet, there’s no guarantee of success.

I’m afraid I can’t give you a 100% guarantee.

Is the camera still under guaranteewithin the period during which it can be repaired or replaced free?

I made a promise to my mother that I’d look after Dad.

also: fulfil a promise (BrE) fulfill a promise (AmE) (formal)

She said she would come back, and she kept her promise.

The mayor has fulfilled his promise to get tough on corruption.

Once again, the government has broken its promises.

They were angry that the company had gone back on its promise.

It is tempting for the government to renege on its promise.

‘It’ll remain a secret?’ ‘Yes, you have my promise.’

The next day, Gareth held me to my promise to take him fishing.

As governor, I made a solemn promise to defend the laws of the Republic.

What had happened to all those firm promises of help?

Larry made some vague promises to leave his wife.

There have been too many broken promises.

He was accused of breaking a campaign promise not to raise taxes.

She showed promise as a singer at an early age.

(=seem likely to be good or successful – used of things)

The Internet clearly held great promise as an educational tool.

This young player has begun to fulfil his promise.

The rest of this movie never quite lives up to the promise of that opening moment.

He’d initially shown great promise as a goalkeeper.

Tracey showed early promise in mathematics.

a statement that you will definitely do or provide something or that something will definitely happen

We received promises of support from several MPs.

He would never break his promise to his father.

他决不会违背对父亲的承诺。

She made a promise to visit them once a month.

她承诺每个月去看他们一次。

I received a promise that this would not happen again.

我得到不会再发生此类事情的保证。

signs that something or someone will be good or successful

〔某事或某人将有好结果或成功的〕迹象，潜质

Bill [shows](bold) great [promise](bold) as a goalkeeper.

比尔展现了优秀的门将潜质。

She didn’t [fulfil](bold) her [early promise](bold).

她并未像小时候表现的那样有出息。

a sign that something, usually something good, may happen

The letter gave a promise of greater happiness.

那封信预示了更大的幸福。


promising

showing signs of being successful or good in the future

→see THESAURUS at [successful](->successful)


promote

to help something to develop or increase

a meeting to promote trade between Taiwan and the UK

to give someone a better more responsible job in a company

[Promote](bold)  is often passive in this meaning.

to help sell a new product, film etc by offering it at a reduced price or by advertising it

She’s in London to promote her new book.

if a sports team is promoted, they play in a better group of teams the next year

They have been promoted to the First Division.

[Promote](bold)  is usually passive in this meaning.

to try to persuade people to support or use something

John Major promoted the idea of a classless society.

约翰·梅杰倡导无阶级社会的观点。

to be responsible for arranging a large public event such as a concert or a sports game

负责筹办，主办〔大型活动，如音乐会或体育比赛〕


promotion

a move to a more important job or position in a company or organization

I want a job with good prospects for promotion.

我想要一份有良好晋升机会的工作。

Your promotion to Senior Editor is now official.

现在你被正式提升为高级编辑。

an activity intended to help sell a product, or the product that is being promoted

〔产品的〕促销，推销；促销[推销]的产品

→see THESAURUS at [advertisement](->advertisement)

the activity of persuading people to support something

the activity of helping something to develop or increase

the promotion of international environmental cooperation

when a sports team moves into a better group of teams


prompt

什么原因让你买下了那套西装？

to make people say or do something as a reaction

引起，激起〔某人说或做某事〕

The decision prompted an outcry among prominent US campaigners.

那项决定激起了美国著名活动家的强烈抗议。

to help a speaker who pauses, by suggesting how to continue

为〔说话者〕提示[提醒]

‘I can’t decide,’ said Beatrice. ‘Decide what?’ prompted Marlon.

“我决定不了。”比阿特丽斯说。“决定什么？”马龙追问道。

to ask someone to do something on a computer

A message will appear which will prompt you for certain information.

会有信息显示，提醒你输入某些资料。

to remind an actor of the next words in a speech

（为）〔演员〕提词，提白


prompt

done quickly, immediately, or at the right time

someone who is prompt arrives or does something at the right time and is not late

两点钟吃午饭，请尽量准时。


prompt

a word or words said to an actor in a play, to help them remember what to say

a sign on a computer screen which shows that the computer has finished one operation and is ready to begin the next

〔计算机屏幕上的〕提示〔显示计算机已完成某项操作，准备进入下一项〕


prompt

公共汽车将于8点准时出发。


promptly

She turned off the alarm and promptly went back to sleep.

她关掉闹钟，马上又睡着了。


prone

[prone](bold) adv. eg: Jack lay prone on his bed.

likely to do something or suffer from something, especially something bad or harmful

易遭 …的；很可能 …的；有 …倾向的

孩子往往都会吃垃圾食品。

lying down with the front of your body facing down

His eyes shifted to the prone body on the floor.

他的视线移向了那具趴在地上的尸体。


pronoun

→ [demonstrative pronoun](->demonstrative pronoun) → [personal pronoun](->personal pronoun)

a word that is used instead of a noun or noun phrase, such as ‘he’ instead of ‘Peter’ or ‘the man’


pronounce

to make the sound of a letter, word etc, especially in the correct way

〔尤指正确地〕发〔字母、词等〕的音

to officially state that something is true

〔正式〕宣布，宣告；宣称

The victim was pronounced dead on arrival.

受害人送到时被宣布死亡。

我现在宣布你们结为夫妻。

He used to pronounce on matters he knew nothing about.

他过去总是对他一窍不通的事情夸夸其谈。

[pronounce sentence](bold)(=tell a court of law what punishment a criminal will have)


pronunciation

the way in which a language or a particular word is pronounced

〔某种语言或某个词的〕发音

Do you know the [correct pronunciation](bold) of these Gaelic names?

你知道这些盖尔语名字的正确发音吗？

a particular person’s way of pronouncing a word or words


proof

The newspaper claimed it had proof that I worked for the CIA.

You will be required to provide proof of your identity.

He needed proof to back up those allegations.

There is now proof that giant squid do exist.

He showed his driving licence as further proof of his identity.

They say they have scientific proof that the treatment works.

(=someone whose existence or experience proves something)

She is living proof that stress need not necessarily be ageing.

His indecision is clear proof of his inability to handle the situation.

There is no conclusive proof that your son is dead.

Do you have any proof of identity, such as a passport?

(=something that proves you bought something from a particular place)

We will give a refund only if proof of purchase is provided.

Take photos of anything unusual you own as proof of ownership.

(=definite proof that cannot be doubted)

Here is proof positive that she's wrong.

(=the need to prove that you are right in a legal case)

The burden of proof is on the prosecution.

facts, information, documents etc that prove something is true

proof of the existence of life on other planets

其他星球上存在生命的证据

This latest interview was further proof of how good at her job Cara was.

最近的这次面谈进一步证明了卡拉的工作有多出色。

Do you have any proof that this man stole your bag?

你有什么证据证明这个男人偷了你的包吗？

There is no proof that the document is authentic.

没有证据证明这份文件是真的。

a copy of a piece of writing or a photograph that is checked carefully before the final printing is done

你能核对一下这些校样吗？

a test in mathematics of whether a calculation is correct

a list of reasons that shows a theoremstatement in geometry to be true

〔几何定理等〕证（明），证法

the proof of the pudding (is in the eating)

used to say that you can only know whether something is good or bad after you have tried it

布丁好不好，吃了才知道〔只有通过体验才能判断事物的好坏〕

a measurement of the strength of some types of alcoholic drink, especially spirits

70% proof vodka (=that contains 70% pure alcohol)([BrE](bold))

70 proof vodka (=that contains 35% pure alcohol)([AmE](bold))

酒精度为70的伏特加酒〔含35%纯酒精〕


proof

to be too strong or good to be affected by something bad

能抵抗某物；能对抗某物；能防御某物

Their defences are proof against most weapons.

他们的防卫工事可以抵挡大多数武器的攻击。


proof

to treat a material with a substance in order to protect it against water, oil etc

把〔某材料〕作防水[油]处理

[Proof](bold)  is usually passive in this meaning.

Do you want me to proof those documents for you?

你想让我为你校对那些文件吗？


propaganda

ˌprɒpəˈɡændə

[propagandize](bold) also: propagandise  (BrE) v. <I,T>

Don't believe all the political propaganda.

He was charged with ‘distributing enemy propaganda’.

Much communist propaganda was about the evils of capitalism.

Public money should not be used to produce party propaganda.

Everything would soon get better, according to the official propaganda.

Several underground organizations were spreading anti-government propaganda.

The claim was a typical piece of Russian propaganda.

The Tories mounted a massive propaganda campaign against the Labour leader.

He denied the existence of any political prisoners, dismissing the claims as part of a propaganda war.

The meeting was just a propaganda exercise.

(=people who produce propaganda in an organized way)

The regime’s propaganda machine presented the incident as a triumph.

(=an event, situation etc that can be used for propaganda)

Sporting success was an important propaganda weapon during the Cold War.

(=an organization or type of communication that is used to spread propaganda)

The newspaper had been turned into a propaganda tool.

There was propaganda value in agreeing to a peace conference.

information which is false or which emphasizes just one part of a situation, used by a government or political group to make people agree with them

〔政府或政党为了影响民意而进行的〕宣传

the spreading of [political propaganda](bold)

[propaganda exercise/campaign](bold)(=something done to show one political opinion)

They have mounted a propaganda campaign against Western governments.

他们发起了一场反西方政府的宣传运动。

the government [propaganda machine](bold)(=people who produce propaganda)


proper

正确的；合适的，适当的；恰当的

→see THESAURUS at [suitable](->suitable)

Everything was in its [proper place](bold)(=where it should be).

每样东西都放在恰当的位置。

the [proper way](bold) to clean your teeth

The [proper name for](bold) Matthew’s condition is hyperkinetic syndrome.

socially or legally correct and acceptable

合适的；合理的；得体的；正规的；〔法律上〕正确的，可接受的

I don’t feel that it would be proper for me to give you that information.

我觉得我把那资料给你不合适。

[It is only right and proper](bold) that an independent inquiry should take place.

唯一正确且合理的做法是进行独立调查。

real, or of a good and generally accepted standard

When are you going to settle down and get a [proper job](bold)?

你什么时候才能安定下来找一份正经的工作？

Try to eat [proper meals](bold) instead of fast-food takeaways.

尽量吃点像样的饭菜，而不是打包的快餐。

the real or main part of something, not other parts before, after, or near to it

The friendly chat which comes before the interview proper is intended to relax the candidate.

正式面试之前的友好闲聊是为了放松候选人的心情。

belonging to one particular type of thing

the reasoning abilities proper to our species

我们这个物种所特有的推理能力

dressed in a way that was proper to the occasion

He’s made a proper fool of himself this time!

very polite, and careful to do what is socially correct

非常有礼貌的；循规蹈矩的


proper

used by some people to mean properly, although most people think that this is incorrect

正确地，适当地〔有些人把此词当作properly用，尽管大多数人认为这样用不正确〕


properly

correctly, or in a way that is considered right

The brakes don’t seem to be working properly.

Parents should teach their children to behave properly in public.

家长应该教导子女在公共场合要有规有矩。

The allegations were never properly investigated.

那些指控从未得到彻底调查。

Documents properly belonging to the family were taken away.

本来属于那家人的文件被拿走了。

It isn’t, properly speaking, a real science.

那实际上不是真正的科学。

used to say that someone is right to do something

理所当然，合情合理〔用于表示某人做某事是正确的〕

People are, quite properly, proud of their homes.

人们为自己的家感到自豪，这是应该的。


property

→ [lost property](->lost property) → [real property](->real property) → [intellectual property](->intellectual property)

the things that a person, organization etc owns

He left most of his property to his granddaughter.

They were arrested and charged with damaging school property.

all the things that you own or have with you at a particular time

He sold all his possessions and left the country.

The prisoners were allowed to have few personal possessions.

things you own such as clothes, books etc, especially things you take with you when travelling

I quickly packed a few of my belongings in an overnight bag.

small things you own, such as clothes, books etc

Don’t leave your things all over the floor!

I’ve got so much stuff, I don’t know where to put it all.

things that you own that are worth a lot of money and may get stolen, for example jewellery or cameras

The advice from police is: if you have valuables don’t leave them in the car.

Keep valuables like TVs and computer equipment out of sight.

small things you own – used especially when there is an accident, a robbery, or the person who owns them dies

The insurance policy covers baggage and personal effects – up to £1,000 per person.

After Turing’s death in 1954, his mother received his personal effects, including the Order of the British Empire, awarded in 1946 for his code work.

Sections of aircraft wreckage and personal effects were scattered all around.

houses, land, shares etc that a person or organization owns and would be able to sell if they needed money – used especially in legal or business contexts

Many homeowners now have assets of over £234,000 in the value of their home alone.

financial assets such as bonds and shares

Buying a property is a complicated business.

It is a modern detached property with five bedrooms.

This semi-detached property is located in one of the most sought-after areas of the town.

a three-bedroom/four-bedroom etc property

Four-bedroom properties are usually ideal for families.

It is a desirable property with a south-facing garden.

The bombs caused damage to commercial property.

The site proposed for the factory is too near to residential property.

The land on the other side of the gate is private property.

Property prices are much lower here than in London.

There were no signs of an upturn in the property market.

It makes sense for property owners to extend their houses rather than move.

What are the physical properties of metals?

They grouped the known elements by chemical properties.

Each type of cell has distinct electrical properties.

the magnetic properties of iron and nickel

These minerals have similar optical properties.

The old women know about the healing properties of local herbs.

They believed that the water had special health-giving properties.

This plant has mild antiseptic properties.

The hotel is not responsible for any loss or damage to guests’ [personal property](bold).

宾馆对住客个人财物的丢失和损坏概不负责。

Some of the [stolen property](bold) was found in Mason’s house.

在梅森家里找到了部分被盗财物。

a building, a piece of land, or both together

[Property prices](bold) have shot up recently.

a sign saying ‘[Private Property](bold). Keep Out.’

写有“私人宅邸，非请莫入”的标牌

a quality or power that a substance, plant etc has


prophet

a man who people in the Christian, Jewish, or Muslim religion believe has been sent by God to lead them and teach them their religion

〔基督教、犹太教或伊斯兰教的〕先知

穆罕默德〔伊斯兰教的创立人〕

the Jewish holy men whose writings form part of the Old Testament first part of the Bible, or the writings themselves

犹太教诸先知〔其著作构成《圣经•旧约》的一部分〕；先知书

someone who claims that they know what will happen in the future

[prophet of doom/disaster](bold)(=someone who says that bad things will happen)

[false prophet](bold)(=someone whose claims about the future are not true)

someone who introduces and spreads a new idea

〔新观念的〕提倡者，首倡者，倡导者

Gandhi was the prophet of non-violent protest.

甘地是非暴力抗议的倡导者。


proponent

someone who supports something or persuades people to do something

Steinem has always been a [strong proponent](bold) of women’s rights.

斯泰纳姆一向是妇女权利的坚决支持者。

Dr George is one of the leading proponents of this view.

乔治博士是这种观点的主要拥护者之一。


proportion

The company is heading towards a disaster of enormous proportions.

(=very great size, especially in a particular place)

Shoplifting has reached epidemic proportions.

An argument of epic proportions had ensued.

(=a size or importance that seems almost unreal)

Achieving this was a feat of mythic proportions.

(=a size or importance that only rarely happens)

We were trapped for three days by a blizzard of historic proportions.

(=a size that causes very serious problems)

The water shortage was reaching crisis proportions.

First, narrow the choice down to more manageable proportions.

Alcohol abuse has reached epidemic proportions in this country.

Unless you deal with it quickly, the damage may assume serious proportions.

reduce sth to manageable etc proportions

The disease had been reduced to negligible proportions by vaccination.

a part of a number or an amount, considered in relation to the whole

The proportion of women graduates has increased in recent years.

近年来女大学毕业生的比例有所上升。

Every parent is asked to contribute a proportion of the total cost.

每位家长都被要求认捐一部分费用。

The decision affects a significant proportion of the population.

那项决定影响到相当大一部分人口。

Although the majority of offenders are men, a small proportion – about five percent – are women.

尽管罪犯主要是男性，但女性也占据了一小部分——大约5%。

In this meaning, [proportion](bold)  is usually followed by a singular verb: A small proportion [disagrees](bold).

In British English, you can also use a plural verb: A small proportion [disagree](bold).

the relationship between two things in size, amount, importance etc

What’s the proportion of boys to girls in your class?

你们班里男女生的比例是多少？

The rewards you get in this job are [in direct proportion to](bold) the effort you put in.

你做这份工作的报酬与你付出的努力成正比。

the correct or most suitable relationship between the size, shape, or position of the different parts of something

〔某物各组成部分的〕相称；协调；均衡；匀称

Builders must learn about scale and proportion.

建筑者必须了解尺度和比例。

Reduce the drawing so that all the elements stay in proportion.

缩小这幅画以使各部分保持协调。

Her feet are small in proportion to her height.

相对于她的身高来说她的脚很小。

The porch is out of proportion with (=too big or too small when compared with) the rest of the house.

门廊与房子的其他部分不成比例。

Try to reduce your tasks to more [manageable proportions](bold).

尽量把你的工作减少到较易处理的量。

[of immense/huge/massive etc proportions](bold)

an ecological tragedy of enormous proportions

For most of us, Scott was a hero of mythic proportions.

对我们大多数人来说，斯科特是一个神话般的英雄。

The flu outbreak has [reached](bold) epidemic [proportions](bold).

流感的暴发已到了流行病的程度。

the relative sizes of the different parts of a building, object etc

the elegant proportions of the living room

too big, great, or strong in relation to something

The fear of violent crime has now risen out of all proportion to the actual risk.

对暴力犯罪的恐惧大大超出了实际的危险。

[get/blow sth out of proportion](bold)(=treat something as more serious than it really is)

Aren’t you getting things rather out of proportion?

你是不是把事情想得太糟了？

The whole issue has been blown out of all proportion.

to react to a situation sensibly, and not think that it is worse or more serious than it really is

办事情[看问题]恰如其分；不把问题看得太糟[太过严重]

the ability to judge what is most important in a situation

区别轻重缓急的能力；主次观念

[have/keep/lose a sense of proportion](bold)

You can protest by all means, but keep a sense of proportion.

你自然可以抗议，但是要分清主次。

equality in the mathematical relationship between two sets of numbers, as in the statement ‘8 is to 6 as 32 is to 24’


proportion

to put something in a particular relationship with something else according to their relative size, amount, position etc

The amount of damages awarded are proportioned to the degree of injury caused.


proposal

They put forward a proposal for a joint research project.

The sales staff came up with an innovative proposal.

A committee of experts drew up proposals for a constitution.

The proposal was approved by the committee.

Not one of these organizations supports the government's proposals.

Councillors had twice rejected proposals for a new village school.

We shall consider their proposals carefully.

He had discussed the proposal with the Egyptian president.

Shareholders will vote on the proposal on May 5.

They drew up a detailed proposal and submitted it to the Department of Energy.

The report will make specific proposals for further investigation.

Applicants should submit a short research proposal on their chosen topic.

Criticism of the budget proposals was voiced by the International Monetary Fund.

The Israeli government responded positively to the US peace proposals.

a plan or suggestion which is made formally to an official person or group, or the act of making it

the government’s proposals for regulation of the industry

The committee put forward a proposal to reduce the time limit.

该委员会提出了一个缩短时限的建议。

They rejected proposals that the president should be directly elected.

他们拒绝了直接选举总统的提议。

[marriage proposal/proposal of marriage](bold)

She politely declined his proposal of marriage.

她礼貌地拒绝了他的求婚。


propose

In everyday English, you [propose that](bold)  someone [does](bold)  something: I propose that Ms Hallam is appointed.

In more formal English, you [propose that](bold)  someone [do](bold)  something, using the base form of the verb (= infinitive without ‘to’) : I propose that Ms Hallam be appointed.
Don’t say: [I propose Ms Hallam to be appointed.](strike)

You can also use the base form when talking about the past: I proposed that Ms Hallam be appointed.

You [propose](bold)  that someone [should do](bold)  something: He proposed that we should have another meeting.  This pattern is used especially in British English.

You say [it was proposed that](bold)  someone [ (should) do](bold)  something: It was proposed that we (should) have another meeting.

to suggest something as a plan or course of action

The changes were first proposed last year.

In his speech he proposed that the UN should set up an emergency centre for the environment.

在演讲中他建议联合国建立一个环境应急中心。

The report also proposes expanding the airport.

那份报告还建议扩建机场。

他向我提了一个折中的办法。

In everyday English, people usually say that someone [puts forward](bold)  plans, ideas etc, rather than [proposes](bold)  them:

The idea was first [put forward](bold) by a German scientist.

to formally suggest a course of action at a meeting and ask people to vote on it

〔在会议上〕正式提议，提出 …供表决

[propose a motion/amendment/resolution etc](bold)

The resolution was proposed by the chairman of the International Committee.

那项决议是由国际委员会主席提出的。

Mr Leesom proposed Mrs Banks for the position of Treasurer (=he suggested formally that she should be the treasurer).

利森姆先生提议由班克斯夫人担任财务主管。

to suggest an idea, method etc as an answer to a scientific question or as a better way of doing something

A number of theories have been proposed to explain the phenomenon.

有人提出了一些理论来解释这种现象。

How does he propose to deal with the situation?

他打算如何应对这种局面？

We still don’t know how the company proposes raising the money.

我们仍然不知道公司准备如何筹集资金。

to ask someone to marry you, especially in a formal way

〔尤指正式地向某人〕求婚

Shaun proposed to me only six months after we met.

我们相识仅六个月，肖恩就向我求婚了。

to formally ask a group of people at a social event to join you in wishing someone success, happiness, etc as they raise and drink a glass of wine

I’d like to propose a toast to the bride and groom.

我提议为新郎和新娘干杯。


proposed

a proposed change, plan, development etc is one that has been formally suggested to an official person or group

The document supplies details of the proposed changes.

那份文件提供了更改提议的细节。

The government is set to vote on the proposed reforms tomorrow.

政府将于明天对提议的改革事宜进行投票表决。


proposition

ˌprɒpəˈzɪʃən

A proposition was put to Owen, and he is considering it.

Does this mean you’ve changed your mind about my business proposition?

Gold mining is not a commercial proposition here.

Setting up your own business is a very attractive proposition.

A further study focussing on older people is an interesting proposition.

A complete ban on strikes is not a practical proposition.

a statement that consists of a carefully considered opinion or judgment

Most people accept the proposition that we have a duty to protect endangered animals.

大多数人都认同我们有义务保护濒危动物的观点。

The theory is founded on two basic propositions.

这个理论是建立在两个基本观点之上的。

a suggestion, or something that is suggested or considered as a possible thing to do

He telephoned Stuart with a proposition.

他打电话给斯图尔特提了个建议。

The offer of two tickets for the price of one [makes](bold) it a very attractive [proposition](bold).

门票买一送一的提议很诱人。

It doesn’t sound like a very [viable proposition](bold) to me.

对我来说那提议听起来似乎不太可行。

I’ve got a [proposition](bold) to [put to](bold) you.

be a different/tricky/simple etc proposition

used to say how easy someone or something will be to deal with

很不容易对付/很好处理等

My new boss is a very different proposition.

a suggested change or addition to the law of a state of the US, which citizens vote on

〔由公民表决的美国某个州提出的〕法律修正案

something that must be proved, or a question to which the answer must be found – used in geometry


proposition

to suggest to someone that they have sex with you

提出与〔某人〕发生性关系，向〔某人〕求欢

Here, prostitutes constantly proposition tourists.


prose

written language in its usual form, as opposed to poetry

散文〔与诗歌相对的文体〕


prosecute

to charge someone with a crime and try to show that they are guilty of it in a court of law

巴克斯顿由于袭击罪而被起诉。

[prosecute sb under a law/Act etc](bold)

The company is to be prosecuted under the Health and Safety Act.

按照《卫生安全法》，这家公司将受到起诉。

if a lawyer prosecutes a case, he or she tries to prove that the person charged with a crime is guilty

〔律师〕（对 …）进行刑事诉讼

Mrs Lynn Smith, prosecuting, said the offence took place on January 27.

控方律师林恩·史密斯夫人称案件发生于1月27日。

We cannot prosecute the investigation further.


prosecution

ˌprɒsɪˈkjuːʃən

Failure to hand over the documents could result in criminal prosecution.

The victim's widow is considering a private prosecution.

We do not yet have enough evidence for a successful prosecution.

The police did not bring a prosecution against him.

The owners of a golf course are facing prosecution for blocking footpaths.

Businesses which do not meet the standards required are liable for prosecution.

(=the state of being protected from prosecution)

He gave information to the police in return for immunity from prosecution.

when a charge is made against someone for a crime, or when someone is judged for a crime in a court of law

Walters could [face prosecution](bold) for his role in the robbery.

沃尔特斯可能因参与抢劫而面临起诉。

The evidence is not sufficient to [bring](bold) a [prosecution against](bold) him.

现有证据不足以对他提出起诉。

the lawyers who try to prove in a court of law that someone is guilty of a crime

〔刑事案件的〕检控方，控方

the chief [witness for the prosecution](bold)


prosecutor

a lawyer who is trying to prove in a court of law that someone is guilty of a crime


prospect

(=frightening in a way that makes you not feel confident)

It is a pretty daunting prospect, being on stage for forty minutes.

Driving through London in a strange car was a terrifying prospect.

Many Britons face the grim prospect of having their home repossessed.

We were to be her guardians. This was an exciting prospect.

A journey of that length was not an attractive prospect.

Now they face the prospect of unemployment.

She would have to speak to him. She didn’t relish the prospect.

I dread the prospect of staying here while you’re away.

be excited/thrilled/delighted etc at the prospect (of sth)

I was excited at the prospect of going to Washington.

be alarmed/appalled/upset etc at the prospect (of sth)

She was secretly appalled at the prospect of being looked after by her aunt.

the possibility that something will happen

I see [no prospect](bold) of things improving here.

我看这里的情况不可能改善。

There is [every prospect](bold)(=a strong possibility) of the weather remaining dry this week.

本周天气很有可能持续干燥。

There are good prospects for growth in the retail sector.

零售行业有很好的发展前景。

There’s a [real prospect](bold) that England will not qualify for the World Cup.

英格兰队很有可能进不了世界杯决赛圈。

a particular event which will probably or definitely happen in the future – used especially when you want to talk about how you feel about it

很可能发生的事情；必定发生的事情；前景〔尤用于谈论对事情的感受〕

The prospect of marriage terrified Alice.

想到要结婚，艾丽斯害怕极了。

Greeks [face the prospect](bold) of new general elections next month.

下个月希腊人面临新的大选。

He [relishes the prospect](bold) of a fight.

[be excited/alarmed/concerned etc at the prospect (of sth)](bold)

She wasn’t exactly overjoyed at the prospect of looking after her niece.

想到要照看侄女，她并不怎么高兴。

将来成功的机会，前途，前程

I had no job, no education, and [no prospects](bold).

我没有工作，没受过什么教育，前途渺茫。

Job prospects for graduates don’t look good.

毕业生的就业前景看上去不妙。

a person, job, plan etc that has a good chance of success in the future

有前途的人[工作，计划等]

A new round of trade talks is in prospect.

可能即将举行新一轮的贸易会谈。

a view of a wide area of land, especially from a high place

〔尤指从高处看到的〕景象，开阔的景观，景色


prospect

to examine an area of land or water, in order to find gold, silver, oil etc

勘探，勘察〔以寻找金、银、石油等矿藏〕

The company is prospecting for gold in Alaska.

那家公司正在阿拉斯加勘探金矿。

to look for something, especially business opportunities


prospective

Smart appearance is important to most prospective employers.

A good pension scheme is the benefit most prospective employees look for.

He said that he had a prospective buyer for the boat.

We are conducting market research among existing and prospective customers.

He is the Tory Party's prospective candidate for Oxford East.

The college will be holding an open day for prospective students.

(=people who may have a child in the future. Also used to mean people who may send their child to a particular school.)

Adoption is more complicated than many prospective parents believe.

Prospective parents are welcome to visit the school at any time.

someone who is likely to do a particular thing or achieve a particular position

可能成为雇员的人/可能成功的候选人/潜在的客户等

the prospective costs of providing pensions

提供养老金可能产生的成本


prospectus

a small book that advertises a school, college, new business etc

〔学院、大学、新企业等的〕简介，简章

a document produced by a company that wants the public to buy its shares

〔公司的〕招股说明书，招股章程


prosper

if people or businesses prosper, they grow and develop in a successful way, especially by becoming rich or making a large profit

Businesses across the state are prospering.


prosperity

when people have money and everything that is needed for a good life


prosperous

富裕的，繁荣的，兴旺的，发达的

In everyday English, people usually say [rich](bold)  or [well-off](bold)  rather than [prosperous](bold) :

[well-off](bold) neighborhoods such as Lakeview


protect

to keep someone or something safe from harm, damage, or illness

The government wants to protect the environment.

Eating healthily helps to protect against many diseases.

to protect someone from something harmful

Wearing a hat offers some protection from the sun.

The drug can give protection against cancer.

to protect a person, place, or object by staying near them and watching them

Police officers guarded the entrance to the building.

to protect someone or something when they are in danger of being harmed or destroyed

Local people are fighting to save the theatre from demolition.

Emergency aid could save millions of people who are threatened with starvation.

to keep something, especially buildings or the environment, from being harmed, destroyed, or changed too much

The organization works to preserve forests.

There is little money for preserving historic buildings.

to protect something important, such as people’s rights, interests, jobs, health etc

The deal will safeguard 200 jobs at the factory.

Laws should do more to safeguard the rights of victims.

to put something in front of something else to protect it. Also used to talk about protecting people from unpleasant situations

He lifted his hand to shield his eyes from the light.

They thought the public should be shielded from the truth.

to provide a place where someone or something is protected from the weather or from danger

The village is sheltered by a belt of trees.

His family had sheltered Jews during the war.

to help and protect someone who has done something illegal, and prevent the police from finding them

He is accused of harbouring suspected terrorists.

Are we doing enough to protect the environment?

我们在保护环境方面做得够吗？

The cover protects the machine from dust.

罩子可以防止灰尘落进机器。

Physical exercise can protect you against heart disease.

体育锻炼可以预防心脏病。

Waxing your car will help protect against rust.

if an insurance company protects your home, car, life etc, it agrees to pay you money if things are stolen or damaged or you are hurt or killed

〔保险公司〕为 …提供保险

Unemployment insurance means that you are partially protected if you lose your job.

失业保险意味着你失业的时候可以得到部分保障。

[Protect](bold)  is usually passive in this meaning.

to help the industry and trade of your own country by taxing or restricting foreign goods

〔通过征收关税或限制进口商品〕保护〔国内工商业〕


protection

One dose of the vaccine provides protection against TB during childhood.

They say they are afforded no protection whatsoever by the security forces.

He seemed to think that she needed protection.

They were forced to seek the protection of the army.

The shelter gave us a measure of protection against the bitter cold.

This lightweight jacket gives good protection from the rain and wind.

Some car seats for children did not provide adequate protection.

No security system can ever give complete protection against a determined thief.

The law should give greater protection to victims.

A draft agreement on environmental protection for Antarctica was discussed.

The consumer protection regulations will include new online shopping rules.

Officers from the child protection team were called in after the girl turned to a neighbour for help.

He eventually managed to leave under heavy police protection.

evidence that vitamin C [gives protection](bold) against cancer

维生素C可以预防癌症的证据

This law [provides protection](bold) for threatened animals and plants.

这项法律保护了濒危动植物。

The police were issued with body armour for extra protection.

警察配发了防弹衣以加强保护。

Magee pulled up his collar as protection against the breeze.

the promise of payment from an insurance company if something bad happens

when criminals threaten to damage your property or hurt you unless you pay them money

a [protection racket](bold)(=the illegal activity of demanding money for protection)


protective

Sunscreen provides a protective layer against the sun’s harmful rays.

防晒霜提供了一层抵挡阳光中有害光线的防护层。

wanting to protect someone from harm or danger

〔对人〕关切保护的；爱护的

I can’t help feeling protective towards my kids.

He’s very protective of his younger brother.

intended to give an advantage to your own country’s industry

保护本国工业的，保护性的


protein

one of several natural substances that exist in food such as meat, eggs, and beans, and which your body needs in order to grow and remain strong and healthy


protest

Opponents of the plan have staged several protests.

The arrests sparked off violent street protests.

She organized a protest outside the store.

Massive protests erupted across the country.

The announcement led to widespread public protests.

Lee spent five years in prison for his involvement in political protest.

Some 5,000 students and others began a peaceful protest.

Three people died yesterday in violent protests against the war.

There were mass protests in the capital.

They reacted to the king’s forced abdication with massive public protests.

Student protests were crushed by police.

Religious leaders continued to lead anti-government protests.

Students at the heart of the protest movement have called for a general strike.

They staged a protest march through the city’s streets.

(=a large outdoor public meeting to protest about something)

A protest rally in the capital was attended by about 400 people.

something that you do to show publicly that you think that something is wrong and unfair, for example taking part in big public meetings, refusing to work, or refusing to buy a company’s products

Students held a protest march against the war.

学生举行了反战抗议游行。

Five thousand employees came out on strike [in protest at](bold) the poor working conditions.

五千名雇员公开罢工，抗议恶劣的工作条件。

words or actions that show that you do not want someone to do something or that you dislike something very much

I turned off the TV, despite [loud protests](bold) from the kids.

尽管孩子们大声反对，我还是关掉了电视机。

He accepted his punishment without protest.

他一声不吭地接受了惩罚。

She [ignored his protests](bold) and walked away.

她不顾他的反对，走开了。

The programme caused a [storm of protest](bold)(=a lot of angry protest).

那个计划引起了一片强烈的抗议。

The announcement was met with [howls of protest](bold).

那项公告引来了人们的大声抗议。

to do something while making it clear that you do not want to do it

The bill was eventually paid under protest.


protest

to do something to show publicly that you disagree with something – used especially when a large group of people do this together

Huge crowds gathered in the capital protesting against the war.

Drivers blocked roads around the capital to protest about the rising cost of fuel.

to walk in a large group from one place to another in order to protest about something

Hundreds of students marched through the city in protest against the employment laws.

to walk or stand somewhere in a large group, in order to protest about something

About 200 people were demonstrating outside the US Embassy.

Environmentalists have been demonstrating against plans to dump waste at sea.

to protest by behaving in a violent and uncontrolled way

Hundreds of workers rioted after pay negotiations broke down.

The prisoners were rioting against their appalling conditions.

to protest about the actions of a company, country, or industry by refusing to buy something, or refusing to go to a place or event

They may boycott the next Olympic Games.

Shoppers are boycotting battery-farmed eggs.

The students have been staging a sit-in to protest about overcrowding at the polytechnic.

Maynard went on a hunger strike to protest his innocence.

to come together to publicly express disapproval or opposition to something

Thousands of people blocked the street, protesting against the new legislation.

成千上万的人堵住了街道，抗议新法规。

to say that you strongly disagree with or are angry about something because you think it is wrong or unfair

表示异议[不满]，反对，抗议

→see THESAURUS at [complain](->complain)

‘I don’t see why I should take the blame for this!’ she protested.

“我不明白为什么我要对此承担责任！”她抗议道。

Clive protested that he hadn’t been given enough time to do everything.

克莱夫争辩说没有给他足够的时间让他干完一切。

to state very firmly that something is true, when other people do not believe you

Sarah protested that she wasn’t Mick’s girlfriend.

萨拉坚持说自己不是米克的女朋友。

Years later, he is still [protesting](bold) his [innocence](bold).

多年以后他仍坚称自己无罪。


protester

someone who takes part in a public activity such as a demonstration in order to show their opposition to something


protocol

a system of rules about the correct way to behave on an official occasion

an international agreement between two or more countries

the Montreal Protocol on the protection of the ozone layer

关于保护臭氧层的《蒙特利尔议定书》

a written record of a formal or international agreement, or an early form of an agreement

an established method for connecting computers so that they can exchange information

〔计算机数据传递的〕协议

a set of rules that are followed when doing a scientific experiment or giving someone medical treatment


prototype

the first form that a new design of a car, machine etc has, or a model of it used to test the design before it is produced

〔新型汽车、机器等的〕原型，雏形

a [working prototype](bold) of the new car

someone or something that is one of the first and most typical examples of a group or situation


proud

very pleased with what you, your family, or your country have achieved, or of something you own

I felt so proud when my son graduated from college.

feeling pleased because something good has happened, especially because you think you have been very clever, skilful etc

He was smoking a big cigar and was obviously pleased with himself.

I’d made a big profit and was feeling pretty pleased with myself.

behaving in an unpleasant and annoying way, because you think you are better or know more than other people, and that your opinions are always right

He was arrogant and regarded people who disagreed with him as fools.

too proud of your appearance, in a way that annoys other people

He’s so vain – he thinks all the girls fancy him.

proud of yourself because you think you are very intelligent, skilful, beautiful etc, especially without good reason and in a way that annoys people

Stewart’s the most arrogant conceited person I’ve ever known.

She was offered a brilliant job and became incredibly big-headed overnight.

thinking that you are much more important than you really are, and using very long and formal words to try to sound important

The clerk was a pompous little man with glasses.

pleased with yourself in a quiet but annoying way because you think you are in a better position than other people

Milly was looking very smug about coming top of the class.

pleased with what you have achieved and showing it clearly in an annoying way

She glared angrily into his self-satisfied face.

He is justifiably proud of what he and his father achieved.

They are fiercely proud of their native land.

He said he was immensely proud to have been elected prime minister.

She was intensely proud of being Japanese.

also: the proud possessor of sth (formal)

She is now the proud owner of a four-bedroomed house.

Mark is the proud father of a three-week-old baby boy.

[comparative](italic) [prouder](bold) [superlative](italic) [proudest](bold)

feeling pleased about something that you have done or something that you own, or about someone or something you are involved with or related to

自豪的，得意的，引以为荣的

His past record is certainly [something to be proud of](bold).

他过去的经历当然是值得骄傲的。

[be justly/rightly proud of sth](bold)(=have good reasons for being proud)

The company is justly proud of its achievements.

那家公司有理由为自己的成就感到骄傲。

Seven-year-old Ian is proud to have earned his red belt in karate.

七岁的伊恩为自己已经取得空手道的红带而感到骄傲。

She was proud that the magazine had agreed to publish one of her stories.

那家杂志同意刊登她的一篇小说，她很得意。

Seth was the [proud owner](bold) of a new sports car.

赛思因为有了新跑车而扬扬得意。

You are [proud of](bold)  someone or something: He’s proud of his son.
Don’t say: [He’s proud for his son.](strike)

the moment etc that makes you feel most proud

最值得骄傲的时刻/成就/财产

His proudest moment was winning the European Cup final.

打赢欧洲冠军杯决赛是他最值得自豪的时刻。

thinking that you are more important, skilful etc than you really are – used to show disapproval

骄傲的，傲慢的，自负的〔含贬义〕

a proud man who would not admit his mistakes

自以为是、不愿认错的男子

having respect for yourself, so that you are embarrassed to ask for help when you are in a difficult situation

Some farmers were too proud to ask for government help.

有些农民自尊心太重，不愿请求政府帮助。

to make people feel proud of you by doing something well

to treat someone well by providing them with good food or entertainment


prove

There was no way she could prove her innocence.

These pictures do not prove the existence of water on Mars.

No evidence emerged to prove either theory.

To prove her point, Dr Hurdal showed her audience a scan of a patient’s brain.

The law states that you are innocent until proved guilty.

[past tense](italic) [proved](bold) [past participle](italic) [proved](bold) or [past participle](italic) [proven](bold) /ˈpruːv/ ([especially AmE](bold))

to show that something is true by providing facts, information etc

Tests have proved that the system works.

I knew he had done it, but there was no way I could prove it to Eddie.

我知道他干了那件事，不过我没有办法向埃迪证明。

He claims the police destroyed records that could prove the officer’s guilt.

他声称警方毁掉了能证明那名警察有罪的记录。

They say I’m too old, but I’m going to prove them all wrong.

他们说我太老了，不过我要证明他们全都错了。

To [prove his point](bold)(=show that he was right), he mentioned several other experiments which had produced similar results.

为了证明自己的观点，他提到了另外几个结果相似的实验。

You [prove](bold)  something [to](bold)  someone: I will prove to you that I’m right.
Don’t say: [I will prove you that I’m right.](strike)

if someone or something proves difficult, helpful, a problem etc, they are difficult, helpful, a problem etc

证明是，被发现是，显示出是

The recent revelations may prove embarrassing to the president.

最近披露的事情可能会使总统很尴尬。

那个设计后来证明很成功。

[Prove](bold)  is a linking verb in this meaning. This type of verb links the subject of the sentence with an adjective or noun: The task proved difficult. He has proved a loyal friend.  You can also say: The task proved to be difficult. He has proved to be a loyal friend.

to show how good you are at doing something

（向某人）展现，展示，证明〔自己的实力〕

When I first started this job, I felt I had to prove myself.

我刚开始干这份工作的时候，觉得必须证明一下自己的实力。

to show other people that you are a particular type of person

〔向别人〕证明自己是〔某一类人〕

She’s proved herself to be a very reliable worker.

她证明了自己在工作上是非常可靠的。

said when you are annoyed by someone’s actions and do not understand them

某人想证明什么？〔表示对某人的行为感到生气和不理解〕

if someone does something to prove a point, they do it to show that they are right or that they can do something

证明自己〔是对的或能做某事〕

I’m not going to run the marathon just to prove a point.

我不会为了证明点什么就去参加马拉松比赛。

if doughunbaked bread mixture proves, it rises and becomes light because of the yeast in it

to show that a will has been made in the correct way


proven

tested and shown to be true or good, or shown to exist

a telephone system with a [proven track record](bold)(=past performance showing how good it is) of reliability


proverb

a short well-known statement that gives advice or expresses something that is generally true. ‘A penny saved is a penny earned’ is an example of a proverb.


provide

You [provide](bold)  something [for](bold)  someone: We provide information for parents.

You [provide](bold)  someone [with](bold)  something: We provide parents with information.
Don’t say: [We provide parents information.](strike)

to give something to someone or make it available to them, because they need it or want it

The hotel [provides](bold) a shoe-cleaning [service](bold) for guests.

该宾馆为客人提供擦鞋服务。

The project is designed to provide young people with work.

该计划旨在为年轻人提供工作。

产生〔有益的结果〕；制造，提供〔机会〕

We are hoping the enquiry will provide an explanation for the accident.

我们希望调查可以为事故的原因提供解释。

The search provided the police with several vital clues.

搜查为警方提供了一些重要线索。

if a law or rule provides that something must happen, it states that it must happen


provided

also: [pro=vided that](bold)  [conjunction](bold)

used to say that something will only be possible if something else happens or is done

He can come with us, provided he pays for his own meals.

只要他付自己的饭钱，就可以跟我们一起来。


provider

a company or person that provides a service

A widow, she is the [sole provider](bold)(=the only one) for her family.

她是寡妇，是家里唯一养家糊口的人。


providing

also: [pro=viding that](bold)  [conjunction](bold)

You can borrow the car, providing I can have it back by six o'clock.

你可以借用我的车，只要6点钟以前还给我就行。


province

one of the large areas into which some countries are divided, and which usually has its own local government

the parts of a country that are not near the capital

外省，地方〔指首都以外的地区〕

a subject that someone knows a lot about or something that only they are responsible for

Computers were once the exclusive province of scientists and mathematicians.

计算机一度为科学家和数学家专用。


provincial

the [provincial government](bold) of Quebec

relating to or coming from the parts of a country that are not near the capital

外省的，地方的〔指首都以外的地区〕

old-fashioned and not interested in anything new or different – used to show disapproval

〔态度〕偏狭的，守旧的〔含贬义〕


provincial

someone who comes from a part of a country that is not near the capital, especially someone who is not interested in anything new or different – often used to show disapproval

（来自）首都以外的人，地方居民〔尤指偏狭守旧的人，常含贬义〕


provision

when you provide something that someone needs now or in the future

He [made provisions for](bold) his wife and his children in his will.

在遗嘱里他为妻子和孩子都做好了安排。

food, drink, and other supplies, especially for a journey

〔尤指为旅行储备的〕粮食，食物

我们的粮食足够应付两星期。

〔协议或法律中的〕规定，条款，条件

The agreement includes a provision for each side to check the other side’s weapons.

协议有项规定，允许双方互查武器。

Under the provisions of the Act, employers must supply safety equipment.

该法规定，雇主必须提供安全设备。


provision

to provide someone or something with a lot of food and supplies, especially for a journey

〔尤指为旅行〕给 …提供所需品


provisional

[provisionally](bold) adv. eg: The meeting has been provisionally arranged for the end of May.

likely or able to be changed in the future

We accept provisional bookings by phone.


provocative

provocative behaviour, remarks etc are intended to make people angry or upset, or to cause a lot of discussion

〔行为、话语等〕使人生气的，挑衅的，煽动的，引起争论的

The minister’s provocative remarks were widely reported in the press.

部长的煽动性言论被媒体广为报道。

a [provocative act](bold) by a terrorist group

She was accused of being [deliberately provocative](bold).

provocative clothes, movements, pictures etc are intended to make someone sexually excited

〔衣服、动作、图片等〕挑逗性的

[provocative images](bold) of young girls


provoke

The report provoked a furious reaction from staff.

A new book criticising Hollywood has provoked fierce debate in the US.

The introduction of the tax provoked widespread criticism.

Not surprisingly, the new rules have provoked protests from gun owners.

The crackdown provoked an international outcry.

His detention has provoked the anger of his supporters.

The government's proposals provoked widespread backbench opposition.

Aggressive behaviour provokes hostility.

It was a small incident but it provoked weeks of violence.

to cause a reaction or feeling, especially a sudden one

[provoke a protest/an outcry/criticism etc](bold)

The proposal provoked widespread criticism.

那项提议引起了广泛的批评。

The decision to invade provoked storms of protest.

入侵决定激起了抗议的风暴。

The novel has provoked fierce debate in the US.

那部小说在美国引发了激烈的争论。

She hopes her editorial will provoke readers into thinking seriously about the issue.

她希望她的那篇社论能引发读者认真思考该问题。

Emma, though still at school, was provoked to help too.

埃玛虽然还是个学生，见状也前来帮忙。

to make someone angry, especially deliberately

The dog would not have attacked if it hadn’t been provoked.

如果不是被惹恼了，那狗原本不会攻击的。

Paul tried to provoke Fletch into a fight.

保罗试图激怒弗莱琪打一架。


proximity

〔距离或时间的〕接近；临近；邻近

We chose the house for its proximity to the school.

我们选中这所房子是因为它离学校近。

the proximity of the Bahamas to the States

Here the rich and the poor live [in close proximity](bold)(=very near to each other).

在这里，富人和穷人比邻而居。


prudent

sensible and careful, especially by trying to avoid unnecessary risks

明智谨慎的，慎重的，审慎的

It might be prudent to get a virus detector for the network.

装个网络病毒检测软件也许是一种慎重的做法。


PS

a note written at the end of a letter, adding more information

She added a PS to say ‘hi’ to my brother.

她加了一句附言向我弟弟问好。

Best wishes, Julie. PS Maggie sends her love.

祝一切顺利，朱莉。又及，玛吉问候你。


psychiatric

relating to the study and treatment of mental illness

精神病学的，精神病治疗的

Charles was suffering from a [psychiatric disorder](bold)(=mental illness).


psychiatrist

a doctor trained in the treatment of mental illness


psychological

ˌsaɪkəˈlɒdʒɪkəl◂

[psychologically](bold) /-kli/  adv. eg: psychologically disturbed patients

relating to the way that your mind works and the way that this affects your behaviour

Sleep disorders are a serious [psychological problem](bold).

睡眠障碍是严重的心理疾病。

What was the patient’s [psychological state](bold)?

relating to what is in someone’s mind rather than what is real

心理上的〔而不是真实的〕

Max says he’s ill, but I’m sure it’s psychological.

马克斯说他病了，但我肯定那是心理作用。

behaviour intended to make your opponents lose confidence or feel afraid

the exact time in a situation when you have the best chance to achieve what you want


psychology

the study of the mind and how it influences people’s behaviour

experts in the field of developmental psychology

the mental processes involved in believing in something or doing a certain activity

〔相信某事或做某事的〕心理，心理过程

what someone thinks or believes, and how this affects what they do

心理，思想，观念〔及其如何影响人的行为〕

You have to use psychology to get people to stop smoking.

让人戒烟必须利用烟民的心理。


pub

a building in Britain where alcohol can be bought and drunk, and where meals are often served


public

relating to all the ordinary people in a country, who are not members of the government or do not have important jobs

We have to show that publishing this story is [in the public interest](bold)(=helpful or useful to ordinary people).

我们必须证明刊登这篇报道有利于公众。

full [public access](bold) to information

[Public opinion](bold) is gradually shifting in favor of the imprisoned men.

舆论渐渐倾向于同情入狱的男子。

There was a [public outcry](bold)(=expression of anger by a lot of people) about the shooting.

公众就枪击事件发出了强烈抗议。

Their activities have been hidden from [the public gaze](bold)(=people's eyes or attention).

他们的活动一直在避开公众的视线。

proposals to ban smoking in [public places](bold)

在公共场所禁止吸烟的提议

[public transport](bold) BrE, [public transportation](bold) AmE(=buses, trains etc)

relating to the government and the services it provides for people

the Government’s [public spending](bold) plans

We do not believe he is fit for [public office](bold)(=a job in the government).

我们认为他不适合担任公职。

Details of the highly sensitive information have not been [made public](bold).

高度敏感的详细资料还未公开。

Although not a [public figure](bold)(=famous person), he was a man of great influence.

他虽然不是公众人物，但拥有巨大的影响力。

intended for anyone to know, see, or hear

Today the school finds itself in the midst of a very public debate.

现在这所学校发现自己正处于舆论的风口浪尖。

[public display of grief/affection etc](bold)(=showing your emotions so that everyone can see)

She was acutely embarrassed by his public display of temper.

他当众发火让她觉得十分尴尬。

There will be a [public inquiry](bold) into the sinking of the oil tanker.

将对油船的沉没进行公开调查。

a public place usually has a lot of people in it

Let’s go somewhere less public where we can talk.

我们到安静点的地方去吧，可以说说话。

work that you do, especially for the government, that makes you well known to many people

Howard seems to have retired from public life.

霍华德似乎已经退出公共事务了。

the public image of a famous person or organization is the character or attitudes that most people think they have

attempts to improve the public image of the police

to tell everyone about something that was secret

The planners are almost ready to go public on the road-building scheme.

规划者们差不多准备好公布筑路方案了。

〔公司〕公开发售股票，上市

Many partnerships went public in the 1980s to secure extra capital.

20世纪80年代许多合伙企业为了获取更多资金而公开发售股票。

a visit by a famous person in order to make a speech, advertise something etc

〔某名人为演说、宣传等〕公开露面

She is paid £10,000 for the briefest of public appearances.

她只要在公开场合稍一露脸就可以拿到一万英镑。

someone who is in the public eye is seen a lot on television, written about in newspapers etc

It is a job that brings him constantly into the public eye.

那份工作让他不断在公众面前曝光。

something that is provided for anyone to use, and is usually owned by the government

The army was called out to protect public property.

军队被调来保护公共财产。

something that everyone has a right to know about

Our lives seem to have become public property.

我们的生活好像已经成为人人有权知道的事了。

the criminal, problem etc that is considered the most serious threat to people’s safety

头号公敌〔指被认为是对民众安全构成最严重威胁的罪犯、问题等〕

Drugs have become public enemy number one.


public

[Public](bold)  is usually followed by a singular verb: The public [needs](bold) to be better informed.

In British English, you can also use a plural verb: The public [need](bold) to be better informed.

ordinary people who do not work for the government or have any special position in society

The meeting will be open to [the general public](bold).

Police warned [members of the public](bold) not to approach the man, who may be armed.

警方告诫民众不要靠近那名男子，他可能持有武器。

On the whole, the public is conservative about education.

总的来说，大众在教育问题上是保守的。

if you do something in public, you do it where anyone can see

Her husband was always nice to her in public.

她丈夫在公开场合总是对她很好。

[wash/air your dirty linen/laundry (in public)](bold) at → [dirty](->dirty) 1 sense 7

the people who like a particular singer, writer etc

〔喜欢某歌手、某作家等的〕大众

The theatre-going public are very demanding.


publication

ˌpʌblɪˈkeɪʃən

ˌpʌblɪˈkeɪʃən

the process of printing a book, magazine etc and offering it for sale

She was in England for the publication of her new book.

她到英格兰是为了出版她的新书。

for publication (=intended to be published)

He spent his holiday writing reviews for publication.

假期里他写了几篇评论准备发表。

He was the author of 70 major scientific publications.

他是70种重要科学著作的作者。

when information is printed in a book, magazine etc so that the public can read it

the publication of the company’s annual results


public holiday

a special day when people do not go to work or school


publicity

also: adverse/negative publicity (formal)

Fatty foods have received much bad publicity in recent years.

They don't want any more adverse publicity.

Top exam results are good publicity for schools.

Giving away samples is one way of getting free publicity for your products.

The scandal had received widespread publicity.

Candidates aim to get national publicity during election campaigns.

The opening of the trial generated considerable publicity.

Throughout the strike, the workers achieved maximum publicity for their demands.

Their relationship had attracted unwelcome publicity.

Climate change is getting a lot of publicity.

Such studies have received a lot of publicity.

Two recommendations in the report have attracted publicity.

Appearing on a chat show means you gain publicity.

The publication of the book generated an enormous amount of publicity.

Much publicity was given to their allegations in the British press.

They wanted to settle the matter quietly in order to avoid bad publicity.

He lives quietly in Acton with his wife and two sons and shuns publicity.

He sought neither reward nor publicity for his work.

(=a lot of publicity, which can make you feel uncomfortable)

He carried on his life in the full glare of publicity.

His marriage broke up in a blaze of publicity.

the attention that someone or something gets from newspapers, television etc

Standards in education have [received](bold) much [publicity](bold) over the last few years.

最近几年来教育水平受到了很大的关注。

It’s important to gain good publicity for the school.

对学校来说，获得正面的报道很重要。

The adverse publicity had damaged sales.

负面报道对销售造成了不利影响。

the business of making sure that people know about a new product, film etc or what a particular famous person is doing

谁来做这次演出的宣传工作？

The Government has launched a [publicity campaign](bold).

政府发起了一场宣传运动。

Is their much-reported romance just a [publicity stunt](bold)(=something that is only done to get publicity)?

他们高度曝光的恋情是否只是宣传的噱头？


publicly

in a way that is intended for anyone to know, see, or hear

She and her family agreed never to discuss the matter publicly.

她和家人一致同意，绝不公开讨论那件事。

a company that is publicly owned has sold its shares to people who are not part of the company

involving the ordinary people in a country or city


public transport

([BrE](special)) AmE [#public transpor=tation](bold)  [n](bold) <[U](bold)>

buses, trains etc that are available for everyone to use


publish

to arrange for a book, magazine etc to be written, printed, and sold

The first edition was published in 1765.

第一版于1765年出版。

They are publishing the dictionary on CD-ROM.

if a newspaper or magazine publishes a letter, article etc, it prints it for people to read

We love reading your letters and we try to publish as many as possible.

我们喜欢阅读大家的来信，并且会尽量刊登出来。

to make official information such as a report available for everyone to read

The latest unemployment figures will be published tomorrow.

最新的失业数字将于明天公布。

[Publish](bold)  is often passive in this meaning.

if a writer, musician etc publishes their work, they arrange for it to be printed and sold

〔作家、音乐家等〕发表（自己的作品）

University teachers must publish regularly to gain promotion.

大学老师要获得晋级必须经常发表作品。

used to say that you should take a risk in saying what you think is true, although the result may be harmful to you


publisher

a person or company whose business is to arrange the writing, production, and sale of books, newspapers etc

〔书、报纸等的〕出版者，出版商；出版社


publishing

→ [desktop publishing](->desktop publishing)

the business of producing books and magazines

托尼想在出版界找一份工作。

a new [publishing house](bold)(=publishing company)


pudding

→ [black pudding](->black pudding) → [Christmas pudding](->Christmas pudding) → [milk pudding](->milk pudding) → [plum pudding](->plum pudding) → [Yorkshire pudding](->Yorkshire pudding) [the proof of the pudding is in the eating](bold) at → [proof](->proof) 1 sense 4

a hot sweet dish, made from cake, rice, bread etc with fruit, milk, or other sweet things added

布丁〔由蛋糕、大米、面包等加水果、牛奶或其他甜味东西制成的热甜食〕

a thick sweet creamy dish, usually made with milk, eggs, sugar, and flour, and served cold

布丁〔通常用牛奶、蛋、糖和面粉制成的厚奶油状冷甜食〕

a sweet dish served at the end of a meal

〔餐末食用的〕甜食，甜点心

a hot dish made of a mixture of flour, fat etc, with meat or vegetables inside


puddle

[puddle](bold) v. <I> [literary](italic) eg: Rain trickled down the glass, puddling on the window sills.

a small pool of liquid, especially rainwater

孩子们噼噼啪啪地踩过一个个小水坑。

He had fallen asleep, his head resting in a puddle of beer.

他睡着了，脑袋耷拉在一摊啤酒中。


puff

to breathe quickly and with difficulty after the effort of running, carrying something heavy etc

George [puffed and panted](bold) as he tried to keep up.

一位老人气喘吁吁地走向他们。

He caught up with Gary, [puffing for breath](bold).

他赶上了加里，累得直喘粗气。

[huff and puff](bold) at → [huff](->huff) 1 sense 1

to breathe in and out while smoking a cigarette or pipe

Kinane sat in silence, puffing thoughtfully at his pipe.

基南默默坐着，若有所思地抽着烟斗。

if smoke, steam etc puffs from somewhere, or if something puffs it, it comes out in little clouds

（使）〔烟或蒸汽〕一阵阵喷出，冒出

蒸汽从烟囱里一股一股地喷出来。

The boiler was puffing thick black smoke.

锅炉一股股地冒出浓浓的黑烟。

to move in a particular direction, sending out little clouds of steam or smoke

The train puffed steadily across the bridge.

火车喷着蒸汽稳稳地驶过了桥。


puff

the action of taking the smoke from a cigarette,pipe etc into your lungs

〔对香烟、烟斗等的〕吸，抽

He laughed and [took](bold) a [puff](bold) on his cigar.

a sudden small movement of wind, air, or smoke

〔风、空气或烟的〕一阵，一团，一股

[puff of smoke/wind/air/steam etc](bold)

The dragon disappeared in a puff of smoke.

a piece of light pastry with a soft mixture inside

I [was out of puff](bold)(=had difficulty breathing).

a piece of writing or a speech that praises someone too much – used to show disapproval

吹捧的文章[讲话]〔含贬义〕


pull

pull ahead
pull apart
pull at/on
pull away
pull back
pull down
pull for
pull in
pull off
pull on
pull out
pull over
pull through
pull together
pull up

[pull/make a face](bold) at → [face](->face) 1 sense 2 [pull your finger out](bold) at → [finger](->finger) 1 sense 12 [pull rank (on sb)](bold) at → [rank](->rank) 1 sense 5 [pull the rug (out) from under sb’s feet](bold) at → [rug](->rug) sense 3 [pull the plug (on sth)](bold) at → [plug](->plug) 1 sense 5 [pull your socks up](bold) at → [sock](->sock) 1 sense 3 [pull your weight](bold) at → [weight](->weight) 1 sense 12 [pull the wool over sb’s eyes](bold) at → [wool](->wool) sense 4

to make something or someone move in the direction that your hands are moving

He pulled her towards him and kissed her.

to pull something suddenly with a short quick movement, often to get someone’s attention

‘Look,’ he said, tugging at his brother’s sleeve.

I tugged at the drawer but it wouldn’t open.

to pull something along the ground, especially because it is heavy

If we can’t lift the piano, we’ll have to drag it.

to pull something big and heavy using a lot of effort, especially upwards and using a rope

They hauled their boats further up the beach.

to pull or lift something very heavy, especially with one movement

He heaved the sack of sand onto his shoulder.

to pull something or someone gently in a particular direction

Lisa reached for his hand but he drew it away.

to be attached to a vehicle or piece of machinery and make it move behind you in the direction you are going

Ten dogs were pulling a sledge over the ice.

to pull a vehicle behind – used about a vehicle, a boat, or a horse pulling something using a rope or chain

The car in front of us was towing a caravan.

Horses were used to tow the boats along the canals.

to pull a vehicle such as a carriage – used especially about horses doing this

to use your hands to make something or someone move towards you or in the direction that your hands are moving

She pulled open the door and hurried inside.

to use force to take something from the place where it is fixed or held

维基把娃娃的一只胳膊扯掉了。

to be attached to something or hold something and make it move behind you in the direction you are going

to take something out of a bag, pocket etc with your hand

He pulled out his wallet and said ‘let me pay’.

他掏出钱包说道: “我来付吧。”

本从口袋里掏出一支钢笔。

[pull a gun/knife (on sb)](bold)(=take one out, ready to use it)

to put on or take off a piece of clothing, usually quickly

〔常指迅速地〕穿上，脱下

to move your body or part of your body away from someone or something

She tried to pull her hand free, but it was held fast.

她想把手抽出来，但是被紧紧地夹住了。

She struggled fiercely, trying to pull her arm out of his grasp.

她使劲挣扎，想要抽出被他紧紧抓住的胳膊。

to hold onto something and use your strength to move your body towards it

〔抓住某物〕用力移动〔身体〕

Benny pulled himself up from the floor with difficulty.

本尼费力地从地板上站起来。

to injure one of your muscles by stretching it too much during physical activity

Paul pulled a muscle trying to lift the freezer.

保罗想把冰柜抬起来，结果拉伤了肌肉。

to secretly use your influence with important people in order to get what you want or to help someone else

〔为了自己的利益或帮助别人而〕托关系，走后门

Francis pulled strings to get him out of trouble.

弗朗西斯托关系让他摆脱了麻烦。

to control something or someone, especially when you are not the person who is supposed to be controlling them

It was widely believed that Montagu was secretly pulling the strings behind the prime minister.

人们普遍认为蒙塔古在暗中控制首相。

to succeed in doing something illegal or dishonest or in playing a trick on someone

犯下〔罪行〕；使出〔诡计〕

The gang have pulled another bank robbery.

那个团伙又犯下一桩银行抢劫案。

He was trying to [pull a fast one](bold)(=deceive you) when he told you he’d paid.

他告诉你他已经付过款，其实他是想骗你。

Don’t you ever pull a stunt like that again!

to tell someone something that is not true, as a joke

开某人的玩笑，耍弄某人，诓骗某人

I haven’t won, have I? You’re pulling my leg.

我没有赢，是吗？你在拿我开玩笑吧。

used to tell someone that you think they are joking or not telling the truth

Your dad’s a racing driver? Pull the other one!

to move a control such as a switch,lever, or trigger towards you to make a piece of equipment work

She raised the gun, and pulled the trigger.

拉开[拉上]窗帘/百叶帘

It was already getting dark so he pulled the curtains.

天色已暗，他拉上了窗帘。

if an event, performer etc pulls crowds or a politician pulls a lot of votes, a lot of people come to see them or vote for them

吸引〔大量选票或人〕，招徕〔支持〕

穆罕默德·阿里仍能吸引大批的支持者。

to attract or influence someone or their thoughts or feelings

吸引，影响〔他人的思想或感情〕

The city’s reputation for a clean environment has pulled new residents from other states.

这座城市以干净整洁著称，吸引了来自其他州的新居民。

to attract someone in order to have sex with them or spend the evening with them

He knew he could pull any girl he wanted.

to stop a planned event from taking place

to take away someone’s licence to do something, especially to drive a car, because they have done something wrong

to drive a vehicle somewhere and stop, or to make a vehicle gradually slow down and stop

if a car pulls to the left or right as you are driving, it moves in that direction because of a problem with its machinery

〔汽车由于机械故障不向正前方行驶而〕侧斜

used to say that it is very difficult or unpleasant to persuade someone to do something

〔劝某人〕做某事就像拔牙一样困难

Getting him to do his homework is like pulling teeth.

让他做家庭作业就像要给他拔牙一样难。

to get beer out of a barrel by pulling a handle

The barman laughed and began to pull a couple of pints.

酒吧男招待笑了笑，然后从酒桶里放出几品脱啤酒。

to deliberately hit someone with less force than you could do, so that it hurts less

故意不使出全力打某人〔以避免伤害〕

[not pull any punches](bold) at → [punch](->punch) 2 sense 6

to hit the ball in cricket, golf, or baseball so that it does not go straight but moves to one side


pull

an act of using force to move something towards you or in the same direction that you are moving

He [gave](bold) her a sharp [pull](bold) forward.

a strong physical force that makes things move in a particular direction

the ability to attract someone or have a powerful effect on them

〔对某人的〕吸引力，影响力

After about a year I gave in to the pull of fatherhood.

大约一年以后，我再也抗拒不了做父亲的诱惑。

special influence or power over other people

His family’s name gives him a lot of pull in this town.

他家族的名望使他在镇上具有很大的影响力。

an injury to one of your muscles, caused by stretching it too much during exercise

an act of taking the smoke from a cigarette, pipe etc into your lungs or of taking a long drink of something

a rope or handle that you use to pull something

〔用以拉动某物的〕拉绳，把手

He popped the ring pull on another can of lager.

他又拉开一罐拉格啤酒的拉环。

a way of hitting the ball in cricket, golf, or baseball so that it does not go straight, but moves to one side

trying to find someone who will take part in sexual activity with you