dissent

refusal to agree with an official decision or accepted opinion

〔对官方决定或公认观点的〕异议，反对

the ruthless suppression of political dissent

These [voices of dissent](bold) grew louder.

这些反对的呼声日益高涨。

a statement by a judge giving their reasons for disagreeing with the other judges in a law case

〔讼案中某法官对其他法官的意见所提出的〕异议，不同意见


dissent

to say that you disagree with an official decision or accepted opinion

〔对官方决定或公认观点〕持异议，反对

→see THESAURUS at [disagree](->disagree)

Few historians would dissent from this view.

几乎没有历史学家对此观点持异议。

There are some [dissenting voices](bold)(=people who do not agree) among the undergraduates.

本科生中有一些反对的呼声。

if a judge dissents, they say formally that they do not agree with the other judges in a law case

〔讼案中某法官对其他法官的意见〕持异议，不同意


dissertation

ˌdɪsəˈteɪʃən

a long piece of writing on a particular subject, especially one written for a university degree

专题论文，〔尤指大学〕学位论文


dissolve

if a solid dissolves, or if you dissolve it, it mixes with a liquid and becomes part of it

to formally end a parliament, business arrangement, marriage etc

正式终止；解散〔议会〕；解除〔商业协定、婚姻关系等〕

The monarch had the power to dissolve parliament.

to gradually become smaller or weaker before disappearing, or to make something do this

她的热情让他渐渐不再害羞。

A few clouds formed briefly before dissolving again.

天上聚积了几朵云，不一会儿又消散了。


distance

→ [long-distance](->long-distance) → [middle distance](->middle distance)

The sound of guns seemed a long distance away.

I quickly walked the short distance to the car.

You should keep a safe distance from the car in front.

The aircraft is able to carry huge loads over vast distances.

(=how far you travel in a car after pressing the brakes)

What’s the stopping distance at 30 miles an hour?

In some countries children must travel great distances to school each day.

Now we are able to measure the distances between the planets.

(=judge how much space there is between things)

Animals that hunt can judge distances very well.

There are lots of restaurants within walking distance.

within travelling/commuting/driving distance of sth

(=near enough to make travel to or from a place possible)

The job was not within travelling distance of my home.

(=not far from something, especially something you are going to attack)

Their troops had advanced to within striking distance of the town.

The ball passed within spitting distance of the goal.

put some distance between yourself and sb/sth

He wanted to put some distance between himself and his pursuers.

the amount of space between two places or things

Measure the distance between the two points.

The cottage is [some distance](bold)(=quite a long distance) from the road.

A shark can smell blood at a distance of half a kilometer.

In everyday English, when talking about how far something is, people often use an expression such as [how far](bold)  or [a long/short way](bold)  rather than the noun [distance](bold) :

[What is the [distance](bold) from Chicago to Detroit?](strike)

[How far](bold) is it from Chicago to Detroit?

[The cottage is some [distance ](bold) from the road.](strike)

The cottage is [a long way](bold) from the road.

used to talk about a situation when something is far away from you in space or time

〔时空的〕遥远；远处；久远

Church bells rang in the distance (=they were far away).

a situation in which two people do not have a close friendly relationship

〔两人关系的〕疏远，冷淡

There was still a distance between me and my father.

我和父亲之间仍然有些疏远。

to stay far enough away from someone or something to be safe

A lighthouse on the cliff warns ships to keep their distance.

悬崖上的灯塔警告船只保持距离。

to avoid becoming too friendly with someone

The neighbours tend to keep their distance.

邻居们往往会有意识地保持距离。

Do you think Greg will go the distance this time?

你觉得格雷格这次会坚持到底吗？


distance

to say that you are not involved with someone or something, especially to avoid being connected with them

使自己（与 …）保持距离，撇清自己（和 …）的关系

The UNO has firmly distanced itself from the anti-government movement.


distant

[distantly](bold) adv. eg: We are [distantly related](bold).

It is a fictional story set in the distant past.

In the distant future, there may be a cure for the disease.

(=something that happened a long time ago)

Already the summer seemed like a distant memory.

From here, you can look out to the distant hills.

They saw telescope images of the distant planet Neptune.

Sometimes you can hear the distant sound of traffic from the main road.

Distant thunder rumbled over the mountains.

She loved the wild, distant places of Scotland.

Back in the dim and distant past when I was at school, computers didn’t exist.

We’re expecting a final decision in the not too distant future.

Her honeymoon seemed a [distant memory](bold).

她的蜜月似乎成了遥远的记忆。

That affair was [in the dim and distant past](bold)(=a long time ago).

那件事已成为遥远的过去了。

The president hopes to visit Ireland [in the not too distant future](bold)(=quite soon).

总统希望在不久的将来访问爱尔兰。

与我们星系距离遥远的恒星

After the quarrel Sue remained cold and distant.

那次争吵之后，休一直保持冷淡疏远。

thinking deeply about something private, rather than about what is happening around you

心不在焉的，恍惚的，出神的

different from something or not closely connected with it

与某事物不同［关系不密切］

The reality of independence was distant from the hopes they had had.

独立后的现实情况与他们原先所希望的大不一样。


distinct

clearly different or belonging to a different type

明显不同的，截然不同的，不同种类的

The learning needs of the two groups are [quite distinct](bold) from each other.

这两个组的学习需求区别很大。

used to make it clear that you are not referring to a particular kind of thing, but to something else

完全不同于某事物，与某事物不同〔用于强调所谈论的是另一事物〕

something that is distinct can clearly be seen, heard, smelled etc

The outline of the ship became more distinct.

船的轮廓变得更加清晰了。

a distinct possibility, feeling, quality etc definitely exists and cannot be ignored

〔可能性、感觉、特征等〕确实存在的，确实的，不容忽视的

I got the [distinct impression](bold) he was trying to make me angry.

我很清楚地感觉到他是想惹我生气。

[There is a distinct possibility that](bold) this will eventually be needed.

这东西最后的确有可能用得到。


distinction

It isn’t easy to make a distinction between these two words.

blur the distinction between sth and sth

Both sides in the war had been blurring the distinction between military and civilian targets.

He saw no distinction between religious beliefs and superstition.

The legal system makes a clear distinction between adults and children.

Language enables us to make fine distinctions between similar ideas.

The president drew a sharp distinction between his party and the Republican Party.

There is an important distinction between these two types of cancer.

There is a fundamental distinction between authors and readers.

He makes a useful distinction between the two theories.

a clear difference or separation between two similar things

the distinction between formal and informal language

正式与非正式语言之间的差别

There is often no clear distinction between an allergy and food intolerance.

过敏和食物不耐受之间往往没有明显的区别。

The Act [makes no distinction](bold) between children and adults (=it treats them as if they were the same).

该法对儿童和成年人未加区分。

In written English, people often use [draw a distinction](bold)  rather than [make a distinction](bold) , because it sounds more formal:

The law [draws a distinction](bold) between temporary and permanent employees.

the quality of being excellent and important

the quality of being special in some way

[have/earn/achieve etc the distinction of doing sth](bold)

At that time, it had the distinction of being the largest bridge in the UK.

当时，它以英国最大的桥梁而著称。

The US enjoys the [dubious distinction](bold) of being the lawsuit capital of the world.

美国享有世界诉讼之都的“美名”。

a special mark given to a student whose work is excellent

〔授予优秀学生的〕优等评分，荣誉分数

He obtained a law doctorate with distinction.

他以优异的成绩取得了法律方向的博士学位。


distinctive

having a special quality, character, or appearance that is different and easy to recognize

〔特征、性格或外表〕独特的，特别的，与众不同的

→see THESAURUS at [different](->different)


distinctly

He [distinctly remembered](bold) the day his father left.

他清晰地记得父亲离开的那一天。

Paul was left [feeling distinctly](bold) foolish.

used to say that something has a particular quality or character that is easy to recognize

明显地〔用于表示某物具有某种易辨认的特征〕


distinguish

to recognize and understand the difference between two or more things or people

→see THESAURUS at [recognize](->recognize)

His attorney argued that Cope could not distinguish between right and wrong.

他的律师辩称科普无法分辨是非。

a method of distinguishing cancer cells from normal tissue

区分癌细胞和正常组织的一种方法

In everyday English, people usually use the phrases [tell the difference between sb/sth](bold)  or [tell sb/sth from sb/sth](bold) , rather than [distinguish](bold) :

He can’t [tell the difference between](bold) right and wrong.

How do you [tell](bold) cancer cells [from](bold) healthy cells?

to be the thing that makes someone or something different or special

The factor that distinguishes this company from the competition is customer service.

使这家公司在竞争对手中脱颖而出的是客户服务。

The main distinguishing feature of this species is the leaf shape.

这一物种的主要区别特征是叶子的形状。

to be able to see the shape of something or hear a particular sound

The light was too dim for me to distinguish anything clearly.

光线太暗，我什么也看不清。

to do something so well that people notice and remember you

He distinguished himself on several occasions in the civil war.

他在内战中屡次表现突出。


distinguished

dɪˈstɪŋɡwɪʃt

dɪˈstɪŋɡwɪʃt

卓越的，杰出的；受人尊敬的

dressed in neat and attractive clothes that are worn by adults, not looking like a young person

a tall distinguished figure in a dark suit

着深色套装、气度非凡的高大身影


distort

[distorted](bold) adj. eg: His face was distorted in anger.

[distortion](bold) /dɪˈstɔːʃ/ US /-ɔːr-/  n. <C,U> eg: a gross distortion of the facts

to change the appearance, sound, or shape of something so that it is strange or unclear

（使）变形，（使）失真；（使）反常

Tall buildings can distort radio signals.

高大的建筑物会使无线电信号失真。

to report something in a way that is not completely true or correct

His account was badly distorted by the press.

他的话被新闻界严重歪曲。

to change a situation from the way it would naturally be

an expensive subsidy which distorts the market


distract

to take someone’s attention away from something by making them look at or listen to something else

Coverage of the war was used to [distract attention](bold) from other matters.

对战争的报道被用来分散对其他事情的注意力。


distraction

something that stops you paying attention to what you are doing

I study in the library as there are too many distractions at home.

我在图书馆学习，家里分心的事太多。

Demands for equality were seen as a distraction from more serious issues.

要求平等被视为分散了人们对更严重问题的注意力。

to continue annoying or upsetting someone very much

让某人烦得要命，把某人逼疯

The baby’s constant crying drove me to distraction.

宝宝不停地哭，真要把我逼疯了。


distress

Luke’s behaviour caused his parents great distress.

卢克的行为使他父母深感忧虑。

The girl was crying and clearly in distress.

那女孩儿哭着，显然很悲伤。

suffering and problems caused by a lack of money, food etc

a situation when a ship, aircraft etc is in danger and needs help

We picked up a [distress signal](bold) 6 km away.

我们收到六公里外发出的遇险信号。


distressed

Hannah was deeply distressed by the news.

My client is very distressed at the treatment she received from your officers.

我的当事人因受到你们的官员如此对待而极为难过。

distressed to find/hear/see/learn etc sth

She was distressed to see he was crying.

看到他在哭，她感到很难过。

distressed furniture or clothes have been made to look older than they really are

〔家具或衣服〕做旧的，仿古的

a family living in distressed circumstances


distribute

to share things among a group of people, especially in a planned way

〔尤指有计划地〕分发，分配，发放

Clothes and blankets have been distributed among the refugees.

衣物和毯子已经分发给了难民。

a man distributing leaflets to passers-by

一个向路人分发传单的男子

to supply goods to shops and companies so that they can sell them

配送，分销，经销〔商品〕

Milk is distributed to the local shops by Herald’s Dairies.

牛奶由赫勒尔德乳品公司配送给当地商店。

Make sure the weight of the load is [evenly distributed](bold).

务必使负载的重量均匀分布。

to exist in different parts of an area or group

This species of dolphin is widely distributed throughout the world.

这种海豚广泛分布于世界各地。

The population is distributed in a very uneven pattern.


distribution

the act of sharing things among a large group of people in a planned way

when goods are supplied to shops and companies for them to sell

〔商品的〕配送，分销，经销

the way in which something exists in different amounts in different parts of an area or group

the highly unequal distribution of economic power

经济实力分布的高度不均衡


distributor

a company or person that supplies shops and companies with goods

分销商，经销商，配送商，渠道商

the part of an engine that sends an electric current to the spark plugs


district

There are few schools in the rural districts of Bangladesh.

In 1911 over three-quarters of the British people lived in urban districts.

(=in the area around or next to something)

The market attracts farmers from the surrounding district.

(=where there are a lot of banks and other businesses)

He works in San Francisco’s financial district.

The bomb exploded in a crowded shopping district.

(=where there are a lot of bars, clubs etc)

Visitors to Roppongi, Tokyo’s entertainment district, come to experience the latest fashions and have fun.

The restaurant is located in the middle of New York’s theater district.

It is one of Paris’ most exclusive residential districts.

He lived in one of London’s poorest districts.

(=where poor people live in very bad conditions)

Rats were running all over the slum districts.

(=popular with rich or well-known people)

Brompton became a fashionable district to live in.

an area of a town or the countryside, especially one with particular features

an area of a country, city etc that has official borders

〔有正式边界的〕区，行政区


distrust

Local people regard the police with suspicion and distrust.

当地人对警察持怀疑、不信任的态度。

Dylan’s [deep distrust](bold) of journalists made him difficult to interview.

迪伦对记者的极度不信任使得他很难采访。


disturb

Local people said their sleep was being disturbed by the noise from the aircraft.

I couldn't work with the kids around disturbing my concentration.

A gentle knock on the door disturbed his thoughts.

(=said to apologize for interrupting what someone is doing)

Sorry to disturb you, but could you sign this letter, please?

to interrupt someone so that they cannot continue what they are doing

[Sorry to disturb you](bold), but I have an urgent message.

对不起，打扰一下，我有个紧急消息。

The thieves fled when they were disturbed by a neighbour.

窃贼们被一位邻居惊动后逃跑了。

[Do not disturb](bold)(=a sign you put on a door so that people will not interrupt you).

What disturbs you most about this latest development?

最新的事态发展最让你担心的是什么？

to move something or change its position

挪动，移动，改变〔某物〕的位置

If you find a bird’s nest, never disturb the eggs.

如果你发现鸟巢，千万别去动鸟蛋。

I promise not to [disturb anything](bold).

to change a normal situation in a way that causes problems

My hormone balance is disturbed by my pregnancy.

怀孕打乱了我身体的激素平衡。

New procedures often disturb the comfortable habits of the workforce.

新的程序常常会打乱员工习以为常的习惯。

to behave in a noisy and unpleasant way in public


disturbance

Several people were arrested for creating a disturbance outside the embassy.

Extra police were called to quell the disturbances.

A disturbance broke out between local youths and a group of sailors.

Over a hundred people were injured during violent disturbances in the capital.

There were serious disturbances in a number of British cities.

(=fighting between different groups of people in a country)

Two men had already been killed in civil disturbances.

Political disturbances followed the announcement.

Black people were still repressed and racial disturbances continued.

a situation in which people behave violently in public

There were disturbances in the crowd as fans left the stadium.

球迷离开体育场时，人群中发生了骚乱。

army training on controlling [civil disturbance](bold)

something that interrupts what you are doing, or the act of making this happen

We arrange the work so there’s as little disturbance as possible.

我们把工作安排得尽量不引起干扰。

When a helicopter lands, it can [cause](bold) a [disturbance](bold) to local residents.

直升机降落会惊扰当地居民。

a medical condition in which someone is mentally ill and does not behave normally


ditch

The car had become stuck in a deep ditch.

The fields were separated by irrigation ditches.

The horse had to jump over an open ditch.

His clothes were found in a roadside ditch.

Ditches were dug to prevent the river from flooding.

A muddy ditch ran along the side of the field.

a long narrow hole dug at the side of a field, road etc to hold or remove unwanted water


ditch

to stop having something because you no longer want it

The government has ditched plans to privatise the prison.

政府放弃了监狱私有化的计划。

to end a romantic relationship with someone

和 …分手，甩掉〔某人〕

Meg and Neil were due to marry, but she ditched him.

梅格与尼尔本来是要结婚的，可她把他给甩了。

to not go to school, a class etc when you should

to leave someone you are with in a place without telling them you are going

to land an aircraft in a controlled crash into water

（使）〔航空器〕在水上紧急降落；（使）迫降于水域

Two balloonists had to ditch during the race.

两名热气球飞行员在比赛中被迫在水上紧急降落。


ditto

used to say that you have exactly the same opinion as someone else

used to say that what is true of one thing is also true of another

Where should she go? Mississippi? Too hot. Ditto Alabama.

她应该去哪里呢？密西西比州？太热了。亚拉巴马州也一样。


ditto

also: [=ditto mark](bold)  [n](bold) <[C](bold)> [written](special)

a mark (〃) that you write immediately under a word in a list to show that the same word is repeated

符号（"）〔表示“同上”“同前”〕


dive

[past tense](italic) [dived](bold) also [past tense](italic) [dove](bold) /dəʊv/ US /doʊv/ ([AmE](bold)) [past participle](italic) [dived](bold)

to jump into deep water with your head and arms going in first

〔头和胳膊先入水地〕跳水

从悬崖上跳水是很危险的。

to swim under water using special equipment to help you breathe

〔使用特种呼吸辅助装备〕潜水

The first time you dive on a coral reef is an experience you will never forget.

第一次在珊瑚礁潜水是毕生难忘的经历。

to travel down through the air or through water to a lower level

The aircraft appeared to dive vertically towards the crowd.

飞机似乎垂直朝着人群俯冲下来。

to move or jump quickly in a particular direction or into a particular place

The soldiers were [diving for cover](bold)(=to protect themselves behind something).

to put your hand quickly in your bag, pocket etc in order to get something out

迅速将手伸入手提包/衣袋等〔取东西〕

He dived into his pocket and produced a packet of cigarettes.

他迅速把手伸进衣袋里掏出一包烟。

if numbers, prices etc dive, they suddenly become much lower than before

〔数字、价格等〕暴跌，突降

The dollar dived against the yen in Tokyo today.

今天在东京美元对日元比价暴跌。

to fall down deliberately in order to unfairly win a free kick or a penalty


dive

The plane was in trouble, then it went into a dive.

He tried to pull out of the steep dive before hitting the ground.

The fighter plane went into a steep dive.

His actions sent the plane into a near vertical dive.

(=going down slowly rather than suddenly)

The bird captures its prey on the ground after a long, shallow dive.

a sudden movement in a particular direction or into a particular place

She [made a dive for](bold) the bathroom.

a sudden fall in the amount, value, or success of something

〔数量、价值或成就的〕突降，暴跌

The news [put](bold) shares [in a dive](bold).

The team’s fortunes have [taken a dive](bold) this year.

今年这支球队的运势急转直下。

when something moves down through the air or water

Thankfully, the pilot managed to [pull out of](bold) the [dive](bold) and regain control.

幸亏飞行员设法将俯冲的飞机拉起，恢复了对飞机的控制。

a jump into deep water with your head and arms going in first

〔头和胳膊先入水的〕跳水

the act of going under water to swim, using special equipment to help you breathe

〔使用特种呼吸辅助装备的〕潜水

低俗场所〔如下等酒吧、低级夜总会等〕

the act of falling down deliberately in order to unfairly win a freekick or a penalty


diver

someone who swims or works under water using special equipment to help them breathe

〔使用特种呼吸辅助装备的〕潜水员，潜水者

someone who jumps into water with their head and arms first

〔头和胳膊先入水的〕跳水者


diverse

差异巨大的，形形色色的，迥然不同的

subjects as diverse as pop music and archaeology

像流行音乐和考古学这样千差万别的学科


diversify

daɪˈvɜːsɪfaɪ

[diversification](bold) /daɪˌvɜːsɪfɪˈkeɪʃ/ US /dəˌvɜːr-, daɪ-/  n. <U> eg: diversification of the rural economy

[past tense and past participle](italic) [diversified](bold) [present participle](italic) [diversifying](bold) [third person singular](italic) [diversifies](bold)

if a business, company, country etc diversifies, it increases the range of goods or services it produces

（使）〔商品或服务〕多样化[多元化]

farmers forced to diversify away from their core business

被迫在核心业务外多元化经营的农场主

The company is planning to diversify into other mining activities.

公司打算将经营范围扩大到其他采矿业务。

to change something or to make it change so that there is more variety

（使）多元化，（使）多样化

User requirements have diversified over the years.

这几年来，用户需求已经多样化。

to put money into several different types of investment instead of only one or two

投资多元化，进行分散化投资

Spread the risk by diversifying into dollar bonds.

购买美元债券进行多元化投资，以分散风险。


diversion

daɪˈvɜːʃən, də-

a change in the direction or use of something, or the act of changing it

the diversion of funds into the military budget

an enjoyable activity that you do to stop yourself from becoming bored

something that stops you from paying attention to what you are doing or what is happening

Two prisoners [created a diversion](bold) to give the men time to escape.

两名囚犯想办法分散了大家的注意力，使那些人有时间逃跑。

a different way that traffic is sent when the usual roads are closed

〔常用道路被封闭后使用的〕绕行路，分流路


diversity

Cultural diversity is a central feature of modern British society.

(=including people from many different races)

The school's curriculum reflects the ethnic diversity of its students.

(=including many different types of plants and animals)

North Carolina is an area of astonishing biological diversity.

The islands are well-known for their linguistic diversity.

(=including people of many different religions)

The Ivory Coast is a country of great religious diversity.

We need to protect genetic diversity in plants.

Creating a pond in your garden encourages wildlife diversity.

the fact of including many different types of people or things

〔人或事物的〕多样性，多元化

The curriculum will take account of the ethnic diversity of the population.

课程安排会考虑到人口中种族的多元化。

a range of different people, things, or ideas

各种各样的人[事物，思想]


divert

to change the use of something such as time or money

The company should [divert](bold) more [resources](bold) into research.

这家公司应该把更多的资源用于研究。

Officials diverted revenue from arms sales to the rebels.

官员们将军售收益转到了叛乱分子手中。

to change the direction in which something travels

[divert a river/footpath/road etc](bold)

Canals divert water from the Truckee River into the lake.

运河使特拉基河的河水改道流入这座湖中。

The high street is closed and [traffic](bold) is being [diverted](bold).

大街封闭，车辆改道而行。

if you divert your telephone calls, you arrange for them to go directly to another number, for example because you are not able to answer them yourself for some time

Remember to divert your phone when you are out of the office.

你不在办公室的时候要记得设定电话转移。

to deliberately take someone’s attention from something by making them think about or notice other things

〔故意〕转移，分散〔别人的注意力〕

[divert (sb’s) attention (away from sb/sth)](bold)

The crime crackdown is an attempt to divert attention from social problems.

此次打击犯罪是为了转移人们对社会问题的关注。

He’d been trying to [divert suspicion](bold) away [from](bold) himself.

他一直试图转移别人对他的怀疑。

使消遣，给 …解闷，供 …娱乐


divide

[divided](bold) adj. eg: a [deeply divided](bold) society eg: The committee was divided over the proposal.

if something divides, or if you divide it, it separates into two or more parts

→see THESAURUS at [separate](->separate) 2

Scientists traditionally divide the oceans into zones.

科学家传统上把海洋划分成区。

Here, the river divides into three channels.

从这里开始，这条河分为三条河道。

to keep two areas separate from each other

The Wall used to divide East and West Berlin.

过去这堵墙把东西柏林隔开。

Only a thin curtain divided her cabin from his.

她和他的小间只隔着一层薄薄的帘子。

to separate something into parts and share them between people

The money will be [divided equally](bold) among the charities.

这笔钱将平分给各慈善机构。

if you divide your time, energy etc between different activities or places, you spend part of your time doing each activity or in each place

She divides her time between New York and Paris.

她一部分时间在纽约，一部分时间在巴黎。

to calculate how many times one number contains a smaller number

“6除以3等于几？” “2。”

to be contained exactly in a number one or more times

to make people disagree so that they form groups with different opinions

The issue of cloning has [sharply divided](bold) voters.

克隆问题使选民分化成截然对立的阵营。

to defeat or control people by making them argue with each other instead of opposing you

a feeling you have when two people you like have argued and you are not sure which person you should support

两难的忠诚，左右为难的忠心

Divorce is an agony of divided loyalties for children.

父母离婚使孩子因不知该向着谁而痛苦。


divide

a strong difference between the beliefs or way of life of groups of people, that may make them hate each other

The [North/South divide](bold) is characteristic of Britain.

people on both [sides of the](bold) political [divide](bold)

a line of high ground between two river systems


divine

[divinely](bold) adv. eg: a divinely inspired idea


divine

Somehow, the children had divined that he was lying.

不知怎的，孩子们猜出了他在说谎。

to search for underground water or minerals using a Y-shaped stick

〔用Y形探测杖〕探测地下水[矿物]

a [divining rod](bold)(=the stick used for this)


division

the act of separating something into two or more different parts, or the way these parts are separated or shared

the traditional [division of labour](bold)(=the way that particular tasks are shared) between husband and wife

disagreement among the members of a group that makes them form smaller opposing groups

〔团体内部的〕分歧，分裂

Can he heal the [deep divisions](bold) among Republican ranks?

他能够弥合共和党党员之间严重的分歧吗？

The old class divisions had begun to break down.

旧的阶级分化已经开始消失。

The Army was plagued by [internal divisions](bold).

the process of finding out how many times one number is contained in another

a group that does a particular job within a large organization

one of the groups of teams that a sports competition is divided into, often based on the number of games they have won

〔体育比赛中常按成绩划分的〕级

a process in which members of the British parliament vote for something by dividing into groups

〔英国议会议员进行的〕分组表决

MPs [forced a division](bold) on the bill.

下院议员强行对该议案进行了分组表决。

Some members supported the opposition in the [division lobbies](bold)(=the rooms where the vote takes place).

一些议员在分组投票通道倒戈支持反对党。


divorce

Their marriage had never been happy and in the end they got a divorce.

I was going through a divorce and it was a very painful time.

She asked her husband for a divorce after he had been unfaithful.

Five years later, their marriage ended in divorce.

The next day I saw a lawyer and filed for a divorce.

After a long and bitter divorce, Wendy was looking forward to starting a new life.

(=complicated and unpleasant to deal with)

I have been through a painful divorce, and know what it feels like.

(=the number of people who get a divorce)

(=the legal processes of getting a divorce)

His first marriage was unsuccessful and led to long divorce proceedings.

(=the amount of money, property etc each person gets in a divorce)

She received a $10 million divorce settlement from her first husband.

It was the biggest divorce case that an English court has dealt with.

My husband refused to sign the divorce papers.

(=acceptable reasons for divorce, according to the law)

Violence and neglect are grounds for divorce.

Why doesn’t she [get](bold) a [divorce](bold)?

One in three marriages [ends in divorce](bold).

[file/sue/petition for divorce](bold)(=start the legal divorce process)

His wife has [started divorce proceedings](bold).

She received the house as part of the [divorce settlement](bold)(=the amount of money, property etc each person receives in a divorce case).

根据离婚协议，她获得了这幢房子。

The Act extended the [grounds](bold)(=legal reasons)[for divorce](bold).

the fact of separating two related things


divorce

[Divorce](bold)  is a reciprocal verb. This type of verb is used when saying that two or more people or things do something that involves both or all of them: Her mother and father divorced.  You can also say: Her mother divorced her father. Her father divorced her mother . This suggests it was mainly the decision of one person to end the marriage.

After seven years, they decided to divorce.

She divorced him six months after they were married.

to start to live apart from your husband or wife because of problems in your marriage

They argued all the time and in the end agreed to separate.

She separated from her husband and moved to a flat in London.

to end a marriage or a romantic relationship

When Andy was nine, his parents split up.

He's just broken up with his girlfriend.

to stop living with your husband, wife, or partner, often because you are having a relationship with someone else

Her husband left her for a younger woman after 27 years of marriage.

if someone divorces their husband or wife, or if two people divorce, they legally end their marriage

David’s parents divorced when he was six.

戴维的父母在他六岁时离婚了。

to separate two ideas, subjects etc completely

把 …完全分开，彻底分割

It is difficult to divorce sport from politics.

to stop being involved in an activity, organization, situation etc

Our society has divorced itself from religion.


divorced

no longer married to your wife or husband

你是已婚，单身，还是离异？

安妮和西蒙的父亲离婚了。

My parents are [getting divorced](bold).

separate from and not connected in any way to an idea, subject etc

His ideas are completely [divorced from reality](bold).


dizzy

[dizziness](bold) n. <U> eg: headaches, dizziness, and vomiting

feeling unable to stand steadily, for example because you are looking down from a high place or because you are ill

The heat and the champagne made him [feel dizzy](bold).

炎热混着香槟酒使他感到眩晕。

She started to suffer from [dizzy spells](bold)(=a short period when you feel dizzy).

露丝如释重负，感到晕乎乎的。

令人眩晕的高处〔指重要的职位，幽默用法〕

Naomi had [reached the dizzy heights of](bold) manageress.

娜奥米已经晋升至经理这一显赫高位。

Hong Kong buzzes from dawn to dusk at a dizzy pace.

香港生活节奏很快，从早到晚都熙熙攘攘。


DNA

ˌdiː en ˈeɪ◂

ˌdiː en ˈeɪ◂

a substance that carries genetic information in the cells of the body

A [DNA test](bold) showed that he was not the baby's father.

DNA检测显示他并非婴儿的父亲。


do

[past tense](italic) [did](bold) /dɪd/ [past participle](italic) [done](bold) /dʌn/ [third person singular](italic) [does](bold) /dəz/ strong /strong/ /dʌz/

used with another verb to form questions or negatives

〔与另一动词连用，构成疑问句或否定句〕

罗茜看上去是不是很精神？

used to form question tagsshort questions that you add to the end of statements

used instead of repeating a verb that has already been used

〔用于避免重复某一动词〕

“凯来吗？” “或许吧。”

那么现在你知道的和我一样多了。

‘You forgot all about it.’ ‘No, I didn’t.’

“你把这事忘得一干二净。” “没有，我没忘。”

“我想回家。” “我也是。”

I didn’t believe the story and neither did he.

我不相信这个说法，他也不信。

used to emphasize the main verb in a sentence

我的确认为她的行为很恶劣。

‘You should have warned me.’ ‘But I did warn you.’

“你应该提醒我。” “可我的确提醒过你的。”

He owns, or did own (=emphasizing past tense), a yacht.

他拥有——或者说曾经拥有——一艘游艇。

used when politely offering someone something

〔用于给某人某物时表示礼貌〕


do

do away with
do down
do for
do in
do out
do out of
do over
do up
do with
do without

→ [doing](->doing) → [done](->done) 2 [do your bit](bold) at → [bit](->bit) 2 sense 8 [how do you do](bold) at → [how](->how) sense 11 [nothing doing](bold) at → [nothing](->nothing) 1 sense 14 [do sb proud](bold) at → [proud](->proud) sense 5 [do sth to death](bold) at → [death](->death) sense 4 → [can-do](->can-do)

to do something – used in the following phrases

It usually takes me a couple of hours to do my homework.

She’s gone to the supermarket to do the shopping.

Fraser spent some time in Egypt doing some archaeological research.

Scientists are doing research on two types of vaccine.

Have you decided which course you want to do at university?

The committee will meet to make their final decision.

Kate’s taking her driving test tomorrow.

Normally, he took a walk in the evenings.

to do something that is a crime, especially a serious crime

The crime was committed in the early hours of the morning.

Dixon later admitted committing the robbery.

The violence is making it difficult for firefighters to carry out their work.

He still managed to carry out his duties.

The hospital carries out research into skin diseases.

The operation was carried out at a hospital in Paris.

They didn’t carry out their threat to kill the hostages.

carry out sb’s orders/instructions/wishes

I’m sure I can rely on you to carry out my instructions.

to do something. [Perform](bold) is more formal than [carry out](bold), and is used in the following phrases

The job mostly involves performing administrative tasks.

A team of surgeons performed the operation.

to do something – used in the following phrases

They conducted a survey of approximately 2,000 people living in the area.

The police are conducting an investigation into the cause of the fire.

Knowing how to conduct a successful interview is a skill.

People were unimpressed by the way in which the election campaign was conducted.

to do your work or the things that you usually do, especially when something serious has happened

The next day she went about her business as if nothing had happened.

to start doing something that you should have started already or to continue doing something that you stopped doing for a short time

to be doing something that you think is probably bad, although you do not know exactly what it is

What’s Jake up to? He’s been upstairs in his room all day.

On Saturdays I usually do a few jobs around the house.

She was feeling too tired to do any work.

do the shopping/cleaning/ironing/cooking etc

(=jobs in your home such as cleaning, washing clothes etc)

My parents don’t let me go out unless I’ve done my homework.

(=use numbers to find out a figure, price etc)

I did a quick calculation on a piece of paper.

(=buy and sell goods, or provide services)

The company does a lot of business in China.

He lay on the sofa and did nothing all day.

It might do some good if you talk to him about the problem.

not do (sb) any harm also do (sb) no harm

(=not have a bad effect on something or someone)

One or two chocolate cookies won’t do you any harm.

A mistake like that can do a lot of damage to your career.

The new leisure centre has done a lot for the town’s image.

Being apart for so long did nothing for our relationship.

(=used to say that particular clothes, colours etc do not suit someone)

I liked the dress but it did nothing for me.

A new haircut can do wonders for your self-confidence.

(=used to say that something had a bad effect rather than a good one)

I followed his advice but it did more harm than good.

[past tense](italic) [did](bold) [past participle](italic) [done](bold) [third person singular](italic) [does](bold)

It’s a pleasure doing business with you.

All he does is sit in front of the television all day.

他整天就坐在电视机前看电视。

我们应该做点什么帮助他。

It all happened so quickly that I couldn’t do anything about it.

这一切发生得那么快，我都来不及做什么。

[do the laundry/ironing/dishes etc](bold)

In written English, people often use the verb [act](bold)  rather than the phrase [do something](bold) , as it sounds more formal:

The government needs to [act](bold) to help these people.

used to ask or talk about how successful someone is at something

进展，进行〔用于表示进行得如何〕

Students are under considerable pressure to do well.

[how sb/sth is doing (with/in sth)](bold)

You should get promoted after about a year, depending on how you’re doing.

你大约一年后应该可以晋升，这得看你表现如何。

How’s he doing in trying to give up smoking?

to have a particular effect on something or someone

对 …有效果，对 …起作用

The scandal will do serious damage to his reputation.

这一丑闻将使他的声誉严重受损。

This will [do nothing for](bold)(=will not improve) Jamie’s confidence.

这无益于增强杰米的自信。

The colour [does nothing for](bold) her (=does not improve her appearance).

Getting the job has [done a lot for](bold)(=had a good effect on) her self-esteem.

得到这份工作大大增强了她的自尊心。

A week in the countryside will [do you good](bold)(=make you feel better).

在乡下待一个星期对你有好处。

Exercise can [do wonders for](bold)(=have a very good effect on) body, mind, and spirit.

锻炼对身心和精神大有好处。

What do you want to do after you leave school?

What do you [do for a living](bold)(=as your job)?

used to say that something will be enough or be acceptable

We don’t have a lot of wine for the party, but it should just about do.

我们没有很多的葡萄酒供聚会上用，但应该也差不多够了。

I can’t find my black shoes so these [will have to do](bold).

我找不到我那双黑鞋子，所以只能穿这双了。

A few sandwiches will [do me](bold) for lunch.

我午饭吃几块三明治就行了。

[It won’t do](bold)(=it is not acceptable) to say that the situation couldn’t have been avoided.

说这种情况无法避免让人不能接受。

used to talk about what arrangements someone has made to get something they need

What will you do for money if you leave your job?

你辞职的话靠什么赚钱呢？

I’m not sure what we’ll do for transport yet.

我还不知道我们乘坐什么交通工具呢。

used to ask why someone or something is in a particular place or doing a particular thing, especially when you are surprised or annoyed by this

某人/某物这是在干什么？某人/某物怎么会在这里？〔尤其表示惊讶或恼火〕

我的外套怎么会在地板上？

What are you doing walking around at this time of night?

这么晚了你还在到处逛什么？

What on earth do you [think](bold) you’re [doing](bold)?

to do something that improves your appearance or someone else’s appearance

给你自己/某人打理头发/做美甲/化妆等

It must take her ages to do her make-up in the mornings.

她每天早上肯定要花很长时间来化妆。

to spend a period of time doing something

花，用，度过〔一段时间做某事〕

She did a year backpacking around the world.

她用了一年时间在世界各地背包旅行。

Oh yes, I certainly [did](bold) my [time](bold) in the army (=spent time in the army).

噢，没错，我当然在军队里待过。

to study a particular subject in a school or university

〔在学校〕学习，攻读〔某门课程〕

I was thinking of doing a casserole tonight.

我在考虑今天晚上做一个砂锅菜。

to achieve a particular distance, speed etc

行进了10英里/20公里等

第一天我们完成了300公里。

这车能跑到120英里的时速。

to provide a particular service or sell a particular product

提供〔某种服务〕；出售〔某种商品〕

我们两点以后就不供应食物了。

去年我们上演了《红男绿女》。

How are you going to do your living room?

In the evenings students are free to [do as they please](bold)(=do what they want).

I wish you’d [do as you’re told](bold)(=do what you are told to do)!

我希望你能够按照要求去做！

used humorously to say that someone cannot or does not behave in a particular way

某人可不会那么好心/有趣/理智等〔幽默用法〕

理智？我可不懂什么理智。

to copy someone’s behaviour or the way they talk, especially in order to entertain people

〔尤指为了逗乐〕模仿〔某人的举止言谈〕

He does a brilliant George Bush (=copies him in a very funny way).

他模仿乔治·布什惟妙惟肖。

to have lunch, go to see a film etc with someone

一起吃午餐/一起看电影等

下周我们一起吃顿午饭吧。

He says he’s never done hard drugs in his life.

他说他从来没有吸过烈性毒品。

to visit a particular place, especially as a tourist

〔尤指作为游客〕参观，游览

我们今天去参观埃菲尔铁塔吧。

used to tell a child to stop behaving badly

行了！够了！〔用于命令孩子停止不良行为〕

used to say angrily that you will not accept a situation anymore

够了！〔用于表示再也受不了某情况〕

Right, that does it! I’m not going to listen to any more of this!

好了，够了！这件事我不想再听了！

used to say that you will have finished doing something if you just do one more thing

〔再做一件事〕那样就完成了

I’ve just got to prepare the dessert and that should do it.

to have sex – used humorously or when you want to avoid saying the word ‘sex’

做那个〔指性交，幽默或委婉用法〕

used to advise someone that they should do something

某人最好做某事〔用于建议〕

Most people would do well to reduce the amount of salt in their diet.

大多数人最好减少饮食中盐的摄入量。

[be/get done](bold) at → [done](->done) 2 sense 8

[be done](bold) at → [done](->done) 2 sense 7

在发生什么事？要发生什么事？

used to say that someone is determined to do something very brave or dangerous even if they die attempting it

豁出性命一拼，不成功毋宁死

used when you meet someone to ask them if they are well, happy etc

used humorously to ask someone how you can help them, especially when you are trying to sell them something

需要我帮忙吗？〔幽默用法，尤其用于向别人推销东西〕

His relations always did pretty well by him.

used to tell someone who is making you feel upset or angry to go away

走开〔对让你心烦或气恼的人所说〕


do

[plural](italic) dos or [plural](italic) do’s

We’re having a do to celebrate his 30th birthday.

我们要办个聚会庆祝他的30岁生日。

things that you should and should not do in a particular situation

该做的和不该做的事情，注意事项

The booklet lists the dos and don’ts of caring for dogs.

这本小册子列出了养狗的注意事项。


dock

a place in a port where ships are loaded, unloaded, or repaired

A crowd was waiting at the dock to greet them.

一群人在码头等着迎接他们。

the area of a port where there are docks

James arrived at the docks expecting to see a luxury liner.

詹姆斯来到码头区，希望看到豪华邮轮。

the part of a law court where the person who is charged with a crime stands

thought to have done something dishonest, harmful, or wrong

These chemicals remain in the dock until we have more scientific evidence.

在我们找到更多的科学证据之前，这些化学品仍摆脱不了嫌疑。

a plant with thick green leaves that grows wild in Britain

a piece of equipment that connects a portable media player to a computer, television etc

扩展坞〔便携式多媒体播放器连接计算机、电视机等的装置〕


dock

if a ship docks, or if the captain docks it, it sails into a dock so that it can unload

（使）〔船〕进港，（使）〔船〕停靠码头

第二天早晨我们在仰光停靠。

to reduce the amount of money you pay someone as a punishment

The company has threatened to dock the officers’ pay.

公司威胁要给那几名高级职员降薪。

to connect two computers using an electrical wire

把〔两台计算机〕连接，驳接

Users can dock a laptop to their desktop setup.

用户可以把笔记本电脑与台式机连接。

if two spacecraft dock, they join together in space


doctor

someone who treats people who are ill, who has completed a long course of study at medical school

If you have bad chest pains, you should see a doctor.

a doctor who is trained in general medicine and who treats the people who live in a local area

the American physician, Dr James Tyler Kent

My father felt that people practicing alternative medicine were just a bunch of quacks.

doctors and nurses considered as a group

This view is widely accepted among the medical profession.

a doctor who does operations in a hospital

One of the world’s top heart surgeons performed the operation.

a doctor with special knowledge about a particular illness, part of the body, or type of treatment

The new drug is being tested by cancer specialists.

a very senior doctor in a hospital, with a lot of knowledge about a particular area of medicine

The consultant said that he did not think it was cancer.

someone who has been trained to treat sick or injured people, especially at the scene of an accident

a doctor who treats children who are sick

a doctor who treats medical conditions and illnesses that affect women’s bodies

a doctor who deals with the birth of children

someone whose job is to take  or to treat people using an X-ray machine

a doctor who is trained to treat people with mental illnesses

In order to become a psychiatrist, you first need a medical degree.

a scientist who studies and is trained in

Many psychologists believe that aggression is a learned behaviour.

a trained person whose job is to help people with their emotional problems, especially by talking to them and asking them to talk about their feelings

a student who is studying medicine in order to be a doctor

James is a medical student at Edinburgh university.

a student who has almost finished studying to be a doctor, and who is working in a hospital

I’d been having bad headaches so I went to the doctor.

If you have any of these symptoms, you should consult a doctor.

(=telephone one, especially to ask them to come to you)

His mother was very worried and called the doctor.

In the middle of the night we decided to get the doctor.

The doctor examined her and said she had a chest infection.

(=writes an order for medicine for someone)

My doctor prescribed a course of antibiotics.

(=who treats all the members of a family)

We’ve had the same family doctor for fifteen years.

You should go and see your local doctor.

Junior hospital doctors have to work very long hours.

someone who is trained to treat people who are ill

她由所在社区的医生治疗。

I’d like to make an appointment to see Dr Pugh.

[the doctor’s](bold) [informal](special)(=the place where your doctor works)

‘Where’s Sandy today?’ ‘I think she’s at the doctor’s.’

“桑迪今天到哪儿去了？” “我觉得她是去看病了。”

someone who holds the highest level of degree given by a university

to be exactly what someone needs or wants

A 2–0 victory is just what the doctor ordered.

一场2比0的胜利来得正是时候。


doctor

to dishonestly change something in order to gain an advantage

He had doctored his passport to pass her off as his daughter.

他篡改了护照，谎称她是他的女儿。

There are concerns that some players have been doctoring the ball.

有人担心一些选手在球上做手脚。

to add something harmful to food or drink

给〔食物或饮料〕添加有害物质

Paul suspected that his drink had been doctored.

保罗怀疑他的饮料被人加了东西。

to remove part of the sex organs of an animal to prevent it from having babies

You should [have](bold) your cat [doctored](bold).

你应该给你家的猫做绝育。

to give someone medical treatment, especially when you are not a doctor

〔尤指不是医生的人〕给 …治病

Bill doctored the horses with a strong-smelling ointment.

比尔用一种刺鼻的软膏给那些马治病。


doctrine

[doctrinal](bold) /dɒkˈtraɪnl/ US /ˈdɑːktrɪn/  adj.

a set of beliefs that form an important part of a religion or system of ideas

a formal statement by a government about its future plans

〔政府未来政策的〕正式声明


document

a piece of paper that has official information on it

a piece of written work that is stored on a computer

〔计算机中的〕文档，文件


document

to write about something, film it, or take photographs of it, in order to record information about it

〔通过文字、电影或照片来〕记录，记载

His research documents how the crisis occurred.

他的研究记录了危机是如何发生的。

to support an opinion, argument etc with recorded facts

[be well/extensively/poorly etc documented](bold)

It is well documented that men die younger than women.

有充分文献证明男人比女人寿命短。


documentary

a film or a television or radio programme that gives detailed information about a particular subject

→see THESAURUS at [movie](->movie)   →see THESAURUS at [programme](->programme) 1

A local film crew is [making](bold) a [documentary](bold) about volcanoes.

当地的一个摄制组正在拍摄关于火山的纪录片。


documentary

documentary films, programmes, photographs etc give or show information about a particular subject

〔电影、节目、照片等〕纪录的，纪实的

One of the most useful sources of documentary evidence is maps.

最有价值的文献证据之一就是地图。


documentation

official documents, reports etc that are used to prove that something is true or correct

〔用于引证的〕文件资料，证明文件

Applicants must provide [supporting documentation](bold).

申请人必须提供证明文件。

the act of recording information in writing, on film etc

〔文字、电影等形式的〕记载，记录


dodge

to move quickly to avoid someone or something

〔快速〕躲开，避开，闪开

He ran across the courtyard, dodging a storm of bullets.

他跑过院子，躲避雨点般的子弹。

Helen clutched Edward’s arm as they [dodged](bold) through the [traffic](bold).

海伦紧紧地抓住爱德华的胳膊，两人躲闪着穿行在车流中。

to deliberately avoid discussing something or doing something

〔故意〕避开，避免〔谈论某事或做某事〕

Senator O'Brian skillfully dodged the crucial question.

奥布赖恩参议员巧妙地回避了这一关键问题。

[draft dodging](bold)(=when someone avoids an order to join the army, navy etc)


dodge

something dishonest that is done to avoid a rule or law

〔为逃避法规而使用的〕伎俩，诡计

Businesses are investing in tree plantations as a [tax dodge](bold)(=a way of avoiding paying tax).

企业正投资林场作为避税手段。


dodgy

not working properly or not in good condition

Norton Disk Doctor can perform miracles on a dodgy hard disk.

Simon was rushed to hospital after eating what must have been dodgy prawns.

西蒙吃了那些想必已变质的对虾后被紧急送往医院。

seeming to be false, dishonest, or not to be trusted

有个女孩儿觉得这几个男人形迹可疑。


dog

[the hair of the dog](bold) at → [hair](->hair) sense 13 → [shaggy dog story](->shaggy dog story) [as sick as a dog](bold) at → [sick](->sick) 1 sense 1 [let sleeping dogs lie](bold) at → [sleep](->sleep) 1 sense 7 [the tail wagging the dog](bold) at → [tail](->tail) 1 sense 11 → [top dog](->top dog) [treat someone like a dog](bold) at → [treat](->treat) 1 sense 1

She loves walking her dogs on the beach.

Their dog had bitten a little girl on the leg.

The dog barks every time someone comes to the door.

The dog growled at me as I walked towards it.

(=shows its teeth and makes an angry sound)

When a dog snarls, it is threatening attack.

(=makes a long high sound because it is unhappy or in pain)

I could hear the dogs whining outside the door.

We knew something was wrong because the dogs were howling.

(=breathes quickly usually with its tongue hanging out)

(=moves its tail from side to side to show pleasure)

Some owners give their pet dogs too much food.

Packs of wild dogs roamed the countryside.

No dogs except guide dogs are allowed in the store.

Police dogs helped in the search for the missing child.

Police and sniffer dogs have become a regular presence at the airport.

Dog owners must be responsible for controlling their animals.

(=someone whose job is training and working with dogs)

Dog handlers decided that the dog was dangerous and should be shot.

Crufts is the largest dog show in the world.

It is one of the most fashionable breeds of dog.

There are packs of wild dogs in the mountains.

(=a sign warning people that there is a dog inside a place)

There was a sign on the gate saying 'Beware of the dog!'.

a common animal with four legs, fur, and a tail. Dogs are kept as pets or trained to guard places, find drugs etc

We used to [have a dog](bold) when I was young.

an offensive word meaning an unattractive woman

when people compete against each other and will do anything to get what they want

It’s a [dog eat dog world](bold) out there.

外面是个竞争残酷的世界。

if a country or organization is going to the dogs, it is getting worse and will be difficult to improve

an offensive word for an unpleasant or dishonest man

a life that is difficult and unpleasant, with very little pleasure

His wife’s a nag who [leads](bold) him [a dog’s life](bold)(=makes his life unpleasant).

他老婆是个唠叨鬼，把他的日子搞得苦不堪言。

The orchestra made a complete dog’s breakfast of the fourth movement.

这支管弦乐队把第四乐章演奏得一塌糊涂。

something that is meant to be impressive or fashionable but that other people think is not

She was [dressed up like a dog’s dinner](bold).

毫无成功的机会，毫无希望

used to say that even the most unimportant person has a time in their life when they are successful and important

very pleased and happy because something good has happened

〔因发生了好事而〕非常高兴，极开心

someone who cannot have or does not need something, but does not want anyone else to have it

an event that has only been organized so that people can admire it and think that it is impressive, not for any real purpose

装门面的活动，纯粹为了炫耀的活动

a very rude expression used to say that something is very good

to pretend to be richer, more clever etc than you really are

装阔气；故作聪明；装腔作势

a sports event consisting of a series of races for dogs


dog

[past tense and past participle](italic) [dogged](bold) [present participle](italic) [dogging](bold)

if a problem or bad luck dogs you, it causes trouble for a long time

〔问题或噩运〕长期困扰〔某人〕

He has been dogged by injury all season.

他整个赛季被伤病所困扰。


doll

a child’s toy that looks like a small person or baby

a word meaning an attractive young woman – now usually considered offensive

俊妞，美人〔现通常被视为具有冒犯性〕

Hey, doll, why don’t you get me a cup of coffee?

嗨，美人，能给我来杯咖啡吗？

谢谢，你可真是个大好人。


dollar

[you can bet your bottom dollar](bold) at → [bet](->bet) 1 sense 6 [feel/look like a million dollars](bold) at → [million](->million) sense 4

the standard unit of money in the US, Canada, Australia, and some other countries, divided into 100cents: symbol $

元〔美国、加拿大、澳大利亚等国的本位货币单位〕

You can pay in dollars or euros at the airport.

在机场你可以使用美元或欧元支付。

the value of US money in relation to the money of other countries

〔和其他国家货币对比的〕美元价值

The pound has [risen against the dollar](bold)(=increased in value in relation to the dollar).

英镑对美元的比价上升了。


dolphin

a very intelligent sea animal like a fish with a long grey pointed nose


domain

an area of activity, interest, or knowledge, especially one that a particular person, organization etc deals with

〔活动、兴趣或知识的〕领域，范围，范畴

[outside/within the domain of sth/sb](bold)

This problem is outside the domain of medical science.

这个问题不属于医学范畴。

Looking after the house was viewed as a woman’s domain.

料理家务曾被认为是女性的分内之事。

an area of land owned and controlled by one person or government, especially in the past

〔尤指过去的〕领地，领土，版图

the set of possible quantities by which something can vary in mathematics


dome

a shape or building like a ball cut in half


domestic

[domestically](bold) /-kli/  adv. eg: domestically produced coal

The French domestic market is the largest consumer of champagne.

(=production of goods and profit from sales inside a country)

Japan’s domestic economy expanded greatly during this period.

The president’s foreign and domestic policies have been criticized.

(=public and political events inside a country)

Colombia rejected any interference in its domestic affairs.

(=the amount of a product that people want to buy in a country)

Exports fell by 0.5 percent while domestic demand grew.

(=the amount of a product that people use in a country)

In the past the country’s industry was small enough to thrive on domestic consumption alone.

London’s airports handle one hundred thousand domestic flights a year.

She enjoyed domestic life and bringing up three children.

(=small jobs at home such as cleaning and washing)

How many hours do you spend on domestic tasks each week?

Many people find domestic chores very tedious.

It can be hard to balance your work and your domestic responsibilities.

(=problems in the home and with family relationships)

I didn’t want to listen to any more of his domestic problems.

(=an argument between people who live together, especially when it involves violence)

Police are often called to domestic disputes.

(=in a family, especially by a husband towards his wife)

The organization supports women who are victims of domestic violence.

(=food, paper, glass etc that you throw out from the house)

More domestic waste needs to be recycled.

People in well-paid jobs can afford  domestic help.

(=the work of a servant in a large house)

She went into domestic service at the age of 15.

relating to or happening in one particular country and not involving any other countries

[Domestic flights](bold)(=flights that stay inside a particular country) go from Terminal 1.

国内航班从一号航站楼出发。

relating to family relationships and life at home

Unfortunately his [domestic life](bold) wasn’t very happy.

不幸的是，他的家庭生活并不怎么幸福。

Nowadays there is more sharing of domestic chores.

如今分担家务已变得更为常见了。

families that can afford [domestic help](bold)(=help with cleaning, washing etc)

an organization that supports women facing [domestic violence](bold)(=violence in a family, especially from a husband to his wife)

向面临家庭暴力的妇女提供援助的组织

对家用燃料征收的一种新税

[domestic appliances](bold) such as washing machines

someone who is domestic enjoys spending time at home and is good at cooking, cleaning etc

〔人〕居家型的，喜爱家庭生活的，善于操持家务的

不，我算不上那种居家型的人。

a domestic animal lives on a farm or in someone’s home


domestic

a fight between members of a family in their home

It sounded like the neighbours were having a bit of a domestic.

邻居家里好像闹了些矛盾。


dominance

the fact of being more powerful, more important, or more noticeable than other people or things

the continuing dominance of the army in Uganda

军队在乌干达继续保持的主导地位

the economic and political dominance of Western countries


dominant

more powerful, important, or noticeable than other people or things

强大的，占优势的，突出的

→see THESAURUS at [powerful](->powerful)

The [dominant male](bold) gorilla is the largest in the group.

雄性大猩猩首领是这群大猩猩中体形最大的一个。

Japan [became dominant](bold) in the mass market during the 1980s.

its [dominant position](bold) within the group

controlling or trying to control other people or things – used to show disapproval

专横的，盛气凌人的〔含贬义〕

a dominant gene causes a child to have a particular physical feature or illness, even if it has been passed on from only one parent

The disease is under the control of a single dominant gene.

这种疾病受一个显性基因控制。


dominant

the fifth note of a musical scale of eight notes


dominate

[dominating](bold) adj. eg: his dominating characteristic

to control someone or something or to have more importance than other people or things

The industry is dominated by five multinational companies.

这个行业受五家跨国公司控制。

New Orleans dominated throughout the game.

新奥尔良队自始至终都控制着这场比赛。

Her loud voice totally dominated the conversation.

她的大嗓门完全主导着这场谈话。

Education issues dominated the election campaign.

教育问题成了这次选举活动的焦点。

to be larger and more noticeable than anything else in a place


domination

ˌdɒmɪˈneɪʃən

control or power over someone or something

The company is still aiming for world domination.

该公司仍然志在称霸全球。


donate

to give something, especially money, to a person or an organization in order to help them

Last year he donated $1,000 to cancer research.

去年他捐了1,000美元用于癌症研究。

to allow some blood or a body organ to be removed from your body so that it can be used in a hospital to help someone who is ill or injured


donation

He made a large donation to Cancer Research.

Please help our campaign by sending a donation to Friends of the Earth.

The party received a £100,000 donation from a local businessman.

(=receive the money that is needed from donations)

We are a charity entirely funded by voluntary donations.

She made generous donations to various charities.

Substantial donations were made to the Democratic Party.

Even a small donation can make a big difference to one child's life.

(=to help political parties or for political purposes)

He was raising political donations to support the president's re-election.

(=given to help poor people, a good project etc)

Food shortages prompted a flood of charitable donations.

Other funds are coming from private donations.

The project was financed by public donations.

(=from someone who does not give their name)

The charity confirmed it had received an anonymous donation of £100,000.

something, especially money, that you give to a person or an organization in order to help them

Would you like to [make](bold) a [donation](bold)(=give money) to our charity appeal?

你愿意响应我们的慈善呼吁捐款吗？

There have been [generous donations](bold) from EEC funds.

the act of giving something, especially money, to help a person or an organization

the donation of a quarter of a million pounds


donkey

a grey or brown animal like a horse, but smaller and with long ears

I’ve had this jacket for donkey’s years.

这件夹克衫我穿了好多年了。


donor

After a 10-month wait, a suitable donor was found.

Are you willing to register as a blood donor?

There are not nearly enough organ donors.

(=a man who gives sperm or a woman who gives eggs to help someone else have a baby)

Her husband was infertile so they conceived using a sperm donor.

She had to wait for over a year before a donor organ became available.

The technique keeps the donor heart beating while it is transported.

Donor blood had to be used during the operation.

(=that you carry to give permission for your organs to be used if you die)

a person, group etc that gives something, especially money, to help an organization or country

We urgently need more assistance from [donor countries](bold)(=countries that give money, food etc to help in poor countries or disaster areas).

我们急需捐赠国增加援助。

An [anonymous donor](bold)(=whose name is unknown) has given £500 towards the restoration fund.

一位匿名捐赠者向重建基金捐了500英镑。

someone who gives blood or a body organ so that it can be used in the medical treatment of someone else

Some patients die before a [suitable donor](bold) is found.

有些病人在找到合适的器官捐献者之前就去世了。


doom

[doomed](bold) adj. eg: passengers on the doomed flight

to make someone or something certain to fail, die, be destroyed etc

使注定〔失败、死亡、毁灭等〕

[be doomed to failure/defeat/extinction etc](bold)

The plan was [doomed from the start](bold).

这个计划从一开始就注定要失败。


doom

With a terrible sense of impending doom, he opened the door and went in.

Some environmentalists have concluded that the planet faces certain doom.

(=mean that something will not continue to exist)

Many people predicted that Internet growth would spell doom for the traditional media.

At the end of the movie, the bad guys met their doom.

Everyone in the business has a feeling of doom at the moment.

(=bad things that may happen in the future)

The newspapers are always full of doom and gloom.

(=someone who says that something bad is going to happen)

The prophets of doom were confounded when the team won the championship.

something very bad that is going to happen, or the fact that it is going to happen

〔不可避免的〕厄运，劫数

A sense of [impending doom](bold)(=coming very soon) gripped her.

她心头被一种大难临头的感觉所笼罩。

[spell doom for sth](bold)(=mean that something will be unable to continue or survive)

The recession spelled doom for many small businesses.

这次经济衰退给许多小企业带来了灭顶之灾。

Thousands of soldiers [met](bold) their [doom](bold)(=died) on this very field.

数千名士兵就是在这个战场上丧生的。

[doom and gloom/gloom and doom](bold)(=when there seems to be no hope for the future)

Despite these poor figures, [it’s not all doom and gloom](bold).

尽管这些数字很糟糕，但也不是说一点希望也没有。


door

[at death’s door](bold) at → [death](->death) sense 7 [behind closed doors](bold) at → [closed](->closed) sense 5 [get in through the back door](bold) at → [back door](->back door) sense 2 [lay sth at sb’s door](bold) at → [lay](->lay) 2 sense 19 → [next door](->next door) 1 [open doors (for sb)](bold) at → [open](->open) 2 sense 16 → [open-door policy](->open-door policy) [open the door to sth](bold) at → [open](->open) 2 sense 16 [show sb the door](bold) at → [show](->show) 1 sense 20

I opened the door and Dad was standing there.

(=shut it loudly, usually because you are angry)

He strode from the room, slamming the door behind him.

(=open it for someone who has knocked or pressed the bell)

(=used to say what place is on the other side of a door)

We were still waiting for the train doors to open.

Then the door burst open and two men with guns came in.

(=moves forward to open or backwards to shut)

(=moves smoothly to the side or back again)

I locked the door and turned out the lights.

(=slide a metal bar across to fasten it)

(=hit it with your hand to make someone open it)

A policeman was banging on the door across the road.

I heard someone knocking at the front door.

Use the back door if your boots are muddy.

(=the door into a building that most people use)

The main door to the hotel is on Queen Street.

The kitchen door opened and Jake walked in.

Steam came out as I opened the oven door.

(=for the person in a car who sits beside the driver)

The taxi driver was holding open the passenger door.

The kids opened the rear doors and climbed in.

(=that you move up or down to open a door)

I turned the door knob and went into the room.

(=a metal object on a door that you use to knock with)

There was a brass door knocker in the shape of a lion's head.

Adam walked up the path and rang the door bell.

She was looking in her bag for her door key.

the large flat piece of wood, glass etc that you move when you go into or out of a building, room, vehicle etc, or when you open a cupboard

门一下子打开了，露丝气冲冲地走了进来。

→ [fire door](->fire door) → [French doors](->French doors) → [revolving door](->revolving door) sense 1 → [sliding door](->sliding door) → [stage door](->stage door) → [swing door](->swing door) → [trapdoor](->trapdoor)

if someone is at the door, they are waiting for you to open the door of a building so they can come inside

to take someone to the main way out of a building

used to say how many houses or buildings there are between your house, office etc and another building

going to each house in a street or area to sell something, collect money, or ask for votes

Joe sold vacuum cleaners door to door for years.

乔多年来挨家挨户推销真空吸尘器。

to work at the entrance to a theatre, club etc, collecting tickets

在〔剧院、俱乐部等〕门口把门[检票]

The accident shut the door on her ballet career.

这场事故终结了她的芭蕾舞生涯。


door

to hit someone with a car door when they are riding past on a bicycle

I nearly got doored as I went past the flats in Camden Street.

我骑车经过卡姆登大街的公寓时差点被车门撞到。


doorstep

a step just outside a door to a house or building

He [stood on the doorstep](bold), straightening his tie.

Wow! You’ve got the beach [right on](bold) your [doorstep](bold)!

I got a shock when he just [turned up on the doorstep](bold).

他忽然出现在家里，让我大吃一惊。


doorstep

[past tense and past participle](italic) [doorstepped](bold) [present participle](italic) [doorstepping](bold)

if politicians or journalists doorstep people, they visit people at their homes in order to get votes or information – often used to show disapproval

〔政客为拉选票〕上门拜访；〔新闻记者〕登门采访〔常含贬义〕

Journalists had doorstepped the couple and their neighbours.

新闻记者走访了这对夫妇及他们的邻居。


doorway

the space where a door opens into a room or building

There was Paolo, [standing in the doorway](bold).


dose

High doses of the drug can have bad side effects.

Treatment should be started with a small dose.

The study shows that a daily dose of aspirin may reduce the risk of developing bowel cancer.

The current recommended dose is 250 mg a day.

He had taken his usual dose of sleeping pills.

A nurse came in to give me a dose of antibiotics.

(=take more of a medicine than is recommended)

You should take care not to exceed the recommended dose of paracetamol.

the amount of a medicine or a drug that you should take

Never exceed the [recommended dose](bold) of painkillers.

服用止痛药切不可超过推荐剂量。

从小剂量开始，然后再增加。

an amount of something that you do or experience at one time, especially something unpleasant

一次，一番，一回〔尤指不愉快的经历〕

[a bad/mild dose of flu](bold) BrE(=making you feel very ill or only slightly ill)

[lethal/fatal dose (of sth)](bold)(=an amount that kills)

I quite like Jamie [in small doses](bold)(=in limited amounts but not a lot or often).

偶尔在一起的话，我还是蛮喜欢杰米的。

The cleaners [went through](bold) the house [like a dose of salts](bold).

保洁员又快又轻松地把房子打扫了一遍。


dose

[v](bold) <[T](bold)> also: [dose up](bold)

Sumi dosed herself up with aspirin and went to bed.

舒米服用了阿司匹林，然后就上床睡觉了。


dot

[the year dot](bold) at → [year](->year) sense 14

[at three o'clock/seven thirty etc on the dot](bold)(=at exactly 3:00/7:30 etc)

Mr Green [arrived](bold) at six [on the dot](bold).

格林先生正好在6点到达。

something that looks like a small spot because it is so far away

〔因相距遥远〕看似小点之物，点状物

The plane was just [a dot on the horizon](bold).

飞机当时只是地平线上的一个小点。

a short sound or flash of light used when sending messages by Morse code


dot

[past tense and past participle](italic) [dotted](bold) [present participle](italic) [dotting](bold)

to mark something by putting a dot on it or above it

在〔某物上面或上方〕加点

if an area is dotted with things, there are a lot of them there but they are spread far apart

湖面上星星点点布满了帆船。

The company has over 20 stores dotted around the country.

该公司现有20多家门店散布在全国各地。

[Dot](bold)  is often passive in this meaning.

to put a very small amount of something on a surface, especially in several places

to pay careful attention to all the details when you are finishing something

〔即将完成某事情时〕注重细节，一丝不苟


double

[adj](bold) <[usually before noun](bold)>

consisting of two parts that are similar or exactly the same

Don’t park your car on double yellow lines.

combining or involving two things of the same type

A lot of the jokes were based on [double meaning](bold).

这些笑话许多都语带双关。

twice as big, twice as much, or twice as many as usual

The city was enclosed by walls of double thickness.

该城用两倍厚的墙围了起来。

Do you need a double bed or two singles?

你们要一张双人床还是两张单人床？

used to say that a particular letter or number is repeated

〔字母或数字〕连续两个的

我姓罗宾斯，拼写为Robbins，有两个字母b。

a double flower has more than the usual number of petals


double

something that is twice as big, as much etc as usual or as something else

〔大小、数量等的〕两倍，双倍

Scotch and water, please – make it a double.

请来杯苏格兰威士忌加水——双份威士忌。

‘They offered me £10,000.’ ‘I’ll give you double.’

“他们向我开价1万英镑。” “我给你加倍。”

a game played between two pairs of players, especially in tennis

a hit in baseball which allows the batter to reach second base

沃克开局击出一个二垒安打。

someone who looks very like someone else

她和她母亲长得一模一样。

an actor who takes the place of a more famous actor in a film, especially because the acting involves doing something dangerous

I think they used a double in the shower scene.

He was told to get back to Washington on the double.

他被告知要尽快赶回华盛顿。

a situation in a game when you must do something that could either win you twice as much money or make you lose it all

〔下注的一种方式〕要么赢双倍，要么全输光


double

to become twice as big or twice as much, or to make something twice as big or twice as much

→see THESAURUS at [increase](->increase) 1

Within two years the company had doubled in size.

在两年时间内，这家公司的规模扩大了一倍。

The church has doubled its membership in the last five years.

[double the size/number/amount etc (of sth)](bold)

A promise was given to double the number of police on duty.

已有承诺要将执勤的警察人数加倍。

Take a sheet of paper and double it over.

to hit the ball far enough to get to second base in a game of baseball

〔棒球比赛中〕击出二垒安打


double

The trees were almost bent double in the wind.

[see double](bold) at → [see](->see) 1 sense 28


double

twice as big, twice as much, or twice as many

[double the amount/number/size etc](bold)

We’ll need double this amount for eight people.

八个人的话我们要加一倍的量。

The value of the house is double what it was.

这幢房子的价值比原来翻了一番。


double click

to press a button on a computer mouse twice in order to send an instruction to the computer


doubt

→ [self-doubt](->self-doubt) [give sb/sth the benefit of the doubt](bold) at → [benefit](->benefit) 1 sense 4

Scientists still have some doubts about the theory.

Everyone else thinks it’s a good idea, but I have my doubts.

The government is in no doubt about the seriousness of the situation.

(=make people sure or almost sure about something)

The evidence left no doubt that he was the murderer.

Research has cast doubt on the safety of mobile phones.

His handling of the matter has raised doubts about his competence.

The accuracy of his account was called into doubt.

Many people expressed doubts about the necessity of the war.

They have some serious doubts as to his honesty.

I had considerable doubts about accepting the job.

I still had a nagging doubt that there might be something seriously wrong.

(=used to talk about how sure people are about something)

There is little doubt that he will play for England one day.

I knew without a shadow of a doubt that I was going to win.

There’s an element of doubt about his true age as he doesn’t have a birth certificate.

There’s not the slightest doubt in my mind about it.

a feeling of being not sure whether something is true or right

The incident raises doubts about the safety of nuclear power.

这一事故让人对核动力的安全性产生了怀疑。

Some government ministers had serious doubts as to whether the policy would work.

一些政府部长严重怀疑此项政策是否能起作用。

There was still one little nagging doubt at the back of his mind.

他的心头仍有一丝挥之不去的疑虑。

[There’s no doubt that](bold) he was a major artist.

毫无疑问他是个大艺术家。

used when you are saying that you think something is probably true

当然，你会有自己的想法。

She was a top student, [no doubt about it](bold)(=it is certainly true).

她是一个优秀的学生，这是毫无疑问的。

used when advising someone what to do if they are uncertain about something

如（你）无把握，如（你）有疑问〔用于建议〕

if something is in doubt, it may not happen, continue, exist, or be true

The future of the peace talks is in doubt.

if something is beyond doubt, it is completely certain

The prosecution must prove [beyond reasonable doubt](bold) that the accused is guilty of the crime.

控方必须排除一切合理怀疑，证明被告犯下该罪行。

[put the game/result/match beyond doubt](bold)(=do something which makes it certain that a particular player or team will win a match)

Ferdinand’s second goal put the game beyond doubt.

确实，的确〔用于强调某个观点〕

Jo is without doubt one of the finest swimmers in the school.

乔毫无疑问是学校最优秀的游泳选手之一。

something that is open to doubt has not been proved to be definitely true or real

The authenticity of the relics is open to doubt.

这些遗迹的真假有待考证。


doubt

You [doubt whether](bold)  someone [can](bold)  do something: I doubt whether we can afford a new car. She doubted whether she could trust him again.

You [doubt whether ](bold) something [will](bold)  happen: I doubt whether the plan will work. He doubted whether this would happen.

You can also say [doubt if](bold)  with the same meaning as [doubt whether](bold) : I doubt if we can afford a new car. I doubt if the plan will work.

You can also say [doubt that](bold) : I doubt that we can afford a new car. I doubt that the plan will work.
Don’t say: [doubt about](strike)

The verb [doubt](bold)  is not usually used in the progressive. You say: I doubt he’ll come to the party.
Don’t say: [I am doubting he’ll come to the party.](strike)

to think that something may not be true or that it is unlikely

‘Do you think she really is eighteen?’ ‘I doubt it.’

There was so much noise that I doubt if anyone slept.

to doubt that something will happen, is true, or is a good idea

Economists are doubtful that the situation will improve this year.

‘You can eat the whole fish including the head.’ Janey looked dubious.

When my husband suggested emigrating, I was dubious at first.

Mum looked doubtful when I suggested having a party for all my friends.

to feel that a plan or idea may not be good because you think there may be some problems with it

Health care professionals had reservations about giving both vaccines together.

to feel worried about doing something, because it may have a bad result

Ralph had serious misgivings about changing his career at the age of 50.

to be unsure exactly how you feel about something or someone because there are both good and bad things about them

I have very mixed feelings about moving house – it’s exciting but I’ll miss this area.

to start having doubts about whether a decision you have just made is the right one

I liked the dress in the shop, but when I got it home I had second thoughts.

[v](bold) <[T not in progressive](bold)>

我想我们再也见不到他了。

You can complain, but I doubt if it’ll make any difference.

你可以投诉，但是我看未必有用。

‘Do you think there’ll be any tickets left?’ ‘[I doubt it](bold)(=I don’t think so).’

“你认为还会有余票吗？” “我看是没有了。”

to not trust or have confidence in someone

不信任〔某人〕，对〔某人〕没有信心

I never doubted myself. I always knew I could play tennis at this level.

我从来都没有怀疑过自己。我一直认为我的网球能打出这个水平。

She loved him, and had never doubted him.

她爱他，从来没有怀疑过他。

I have no reason to [doubt](bold) his [word](bold)(=think that he is lying).

我没有理由不相信他的话。


doubtful

probably not true or not likely to happen

Prospects for a lasting peace remain doubtful.

实现持久和平的前景难以预料。

It was doubtful whether the patient would survive the operation.

无法确定病人能否挺过这次手术。

It is doubtful that the missing airmen will ever be found.

失踪的空军人员能否找到还很难说。

not sure that something is true or right

‘Everything’s going to be all right, you’ll see.’ Jenny [looked doubtful](bold).

“一切都会顺顺当当的，你等着看好了。”珍妮尽管这么说，看上去却不大相信。

I’m still doubtful whether I should accept this job.

我仍在犹豫要不要接受这份工作。

At first we were doubtful about employing Charlie.

起初我们犹豫要不要聘用查利。

Already the whole scheme was looking increasingly doubtful.

整个计划成功的可能性看起来已经越来越小了。

Here the tap water is of doubtful quality.

这里的自来水水质有问题。


doubtless

used when saying that something is almost certain to happen or be true

Doubtless there would be lots of rumours.


dough

a mixture of flour and water ready to be baked into bread, pastry etc

〔做面包、糕点等用的〕生面团，湿面团


down

[be down on your luck](bold) at → [luck](->luck) 1 sense 17

The sun was going down and it would soon be dark.

夕阳西下，天很快就要黑了。

She stood on a balcony looking down into the courtyard.

她站在阳台上朝下面的院子望去。

Glancing down the list of runners, I noticed a familiar name.

我往下扫了一眼赛跑选手的名单，注意到了一个熟悉的名字。

Ken fell asleep [face down](bold)(=with his face towards the ground) on the couch.

We heard the sound of laughter down below.

Halfway down the page, there was the item I was looking for.

在这一页中间我找到了在找的内容。

I think I’ll go and lie down for a while.

at or to a place that is further along something such as a road or path

A young man came hurrying down the street.

一个年轻人急匆匆地沿着街道走来。

She looked down the road to see if anyone was coming.

她顺着马路望去，看是否有人来。

There is a pleasant little cafe bar a hundred yards down the road.

The bus stop is a bit further down on the left-hand side.

公共汽车站还要往前一点，在左手边。

在南方（的）；向南方（的）

They drove all the way down from Boston to Miami.

他们从波士顿开车一路南下到迈阿密。

They sailed down the east coast of Africa.

他们驾船沿非洲东海岸南下。

现在他在南部买下了一座别墅。

在[向]附近（的），在[向]不远处（的）

I saw her down at the station this morning.

今天早上我在附近的车站看见了她。

away from the place where a river starts

Chunks of ice came floating down the river.

used with verbs that mean ‘fasten’ to show that something is fastened firmly to the surface or object below it

固定在表面[表面下的物体上]的

at or towards a level or amount that is less

〔程度或数量〕处于低水平（的），减少（的），下降（的）

House prices have come down in recent months.

最近几个月房价降下来了。

Sharif cut his report down to only three pages.

沙里夫把报告删减到只剩三页。

losing to an opponent by a certain number of points

〔以某一比分〕落后（的）

[two goals down/three points down etc](bold)

Swindon were six points down at one stage.

used with verbs that mean ‘write’ to show that you write something on paper or in a book

我们就写你是自由职业者吧。

if you are down for something, your name is on a list of people who want to do something or are intended to do something

Purvis is down for the 200 metre freestyle event.

珀维斯在200米自由泳比赛名单上。

We’ve already put his name down for nursery school.

我们已经给他报名上幼儿园了。

I’ve got you down to do the table decorations.

from an earlier time in history to a later time or to people who are born in later times

a person whose words and actions have inspired millions of people down the centuries

其言行在以后几百年里激励了无数人的一个人

This knowledge was handed down in the family from father to son.

这一知识在家族里父子相传。

The story has been passed down the generations for a thousand years.

这则故事一千年来代代相传。

traditions that have come down to us from medieval times

从中世纪流传到我们这一代的传统

A top quality freezer for only £20 down and £5 a week for a year.

一台优质的冰柜只需20英镑首付款，余额每周付5英镑，一年内付清。

请你把我的车彻底冲洗干净。

in or into your stomach as a result of swallowing

（咽）下（的），（吞）下（的）

Meg’s been very ill and can’t keep her food down.

梅格病得很重，咽不下东西。

if a computer is down, it is not working

停止工作的，停机的，不运行的

if an action or decision is down to you, it is your responsibility

It’s down to me to make sure that everyone is happy.

让每个人都开心是我的责任。

to be the result of one person’s actions or one particular thing

是某人/某事的结果，归因于某人/某事

克里斯的成功完全是他自己努力的结果。

be down to your last pound/dollar/litre etc

to be left with only a small amount of something

只剩下最后一英镑/一美元/一升等

我们只剩下最后五美元了。

including everything or everyone, even the smallest thing or the least important person

下至〔最小的〕某物/〔职级最低的〕某人

Everyone uses the cafeteria, from the managing director down to the office boy.

上至常务董事下至办公室勤杂工，大家都在食堂用餐。

The plans were all complete down to the last detail.

计划连最后的细节都已经敲定了。

used to say that you strongly oppose a government, leader etc and want them to lose their power

to have a severe attitude towards someone or something, especially when this is unfair

Why is Mark so down on her at the moment?

马克现在为什么对她态度这么恶劣？

used to say that someone leaves or has left a university at the end of a period of study

Well, you’ve passed your second test, so it’s two down and four more to go.

好，你已经通过了第二项测验，那么已有两项完成，还剩四项。

在[前往]澳大利亚[新西兰]

趴下！〔用于命令起跳的狗〕


down

O'Malley downed his opponent in the first round.

奥马利第一回合就把对手击倒。

to stop working, especially because you are taking part in a strikeprotest about pay or conditions by stopping work


down

[ups and downs](bold) at → [up](->up) 2 sense 1

one of the four chances that an American football team has to move forward when it is their turn to have the ball

档〔美式橄榄球中进攻方必须累计推进10码的四次机会之一〕

low round hills covered with grass, as in the south of England

〔英格兰南部等的〕有草丘陵

to dislike or have a bad opinion of someone

For some reason, Malcolm had a down on the whole teaching profession.


download

to move information or programs from a computer network to a small computer

games that can be downloaded free from the Internet

可以从因特网上免费下载的游戏


download

a computer file or program that has been downloaded, or the process of downloading it

下载的文件，下载的计算机程序；下载（过程）

We’ve got reviews and downloads of the latest business software.

我们有最新商务软件的评论和下载。


downstairs

[downstairs](bold) adj. eg: a downstairs bathroom

towards or on a lower floor of a building, especially a house

Rosie ran downstairs to answer the door.


downstairs

the rooms on the ground floor in a house

We have still got to paint the downstairs.

我们还得把楼下粉刷一下。


downtown

[downtown](bold) adj. <only before noun> eg: downtown restaurants eg: She works for a law firm in downtown Miami.

to or in the centre or main business area of a town or city

过一会儿我得到闹市区去。


downwards

Hold out your hands with your palms facing downwards.

The body was lying [face downwards](bold)(=with the front of the body on the floor).

used when a number or amount becomes smaller

〔数字或数量〕减少地，变小地

The death toll was later revised downwards to 689.

死亡人数后经修正减少到689人。

from the chairman/president/top etc downwards

used to mean that people of all levels in an organization, country etc are affected by something

从主席/总统/最高层等开始往下

Everyone from the chairman downwards is taking a pay cut.

从董事长开始往下都将减薪。


dozen

→ [baker's dozen](->baker's dozen) [a dime a dozen](bold) at → [dime](->dime) sense 2 [nineteen to the dozen](bold) at → [nineteen](->nineteen) sense 2 [six of one and half a dozen of another](bold) at → [six](->six) sense 4

[number](bold) written abbreviation: doz.

[plural](italic) dozen or [plural](italic) dozens

[two/three/four etc dozen](bold)(=24, 36, 48 etc)

The number of deaths has risen to more than two dozen.

死亡人数已增至24人以上。

[dozens of people/companies/cars etc](bold)(=but not hundreds or thousands)

Chris, Helen, and [half a dozen](bold) others went on holiday together.

克里斯、海伦和其他六个人一起去度假了。

[A dozen or so](bold)(=about 12) cars were parked near the entrance.

入口附近停了大约十二辆汽车。

I’ve heard this story a dozen times before.

这故事我以前听过很多次了。

We collected [dozens and dozens](bold) of shells on the beach.

我们在海滩上捡了很多很多贝壳。


Dr

the written abbreviation of [doctor](bold)

the written abbreviation of [drive](bold)


draft

The second draft of the agreement contained a few important changes.

He showed me the final draft of his letter.

Could you let me see a rough draft of your report?

The hero had a different name in the original draft of the story.

In earlier drafts of the speech, he criticized the pace of political progress.

A preliminary draft of the charter has been issued.

Always write a rough draft of your essay first.

He drew up a draft of the club’s rules and regulations.

a piece of writing or a plan that is not yet in its finished form

the [rough draft](bold) of his new novel

I read the [first draft](bold) and thought it was very good.

我读了第一稿，觉得非常好。

All parties eventually approved the [final draft](bold)(=finished form) of the peace treaty.

各方最后都同意了和平条约的终稿。

a system in which people are ordered to join the army, navy etc, especially during a war

the group of people who are ordered to do this

a written order for money to be paid by a bank, especially from one bank to another

a system in which professional teams choose players from colleges to join their teams

〔职业球队从大学校队的〕选秀，选拔队员制


draft

to write a plan, letter, report etc that will need to be changed before it is in its finished form

起草，草拟〔计划、信件、报告等〕

Eva’s busy drafting her speech for the conference.

伊娃正忙着起草她的大会发言稿。

to order someone to join the army, navy etc, especially during a war

〔尤指战时〕强制征召〔某人〕入伍

My dad was eighteen when he got drafted into the army.

我爸爸18岁被征召入伍。

[Draft](bold)  is usually passive in this meaning.

to choose a college player to join a professional team

选拔〔大学的校队运动员〕进职业球队

Craigwell was drafted by the Chicago Blackhawks.


draft

a piece of writing that is not yet in its finished form

提议的草案/草稿/草拟中的版本等


drag

drag down
drag into
drag on
drag out
drag out of
drag up

[past tense and past participle](italic) [dragged](bold) [present participle](italic) [dragging](bold)

to pull something along the ground, often because it is too heavy to carry

Inge managed to drag the table into the kitchen.

英奇费了很大劲把桌子拖进厨房里。

to pull someone somewhere where they do not want to go, in a way that is not gentle

He grabbed her arm and dragged her into the room.

他抓住她的手臂把她拖进房间。

to move somewhere with difficulty, especially because you are ill, tired, or unhappy

〔尤因患病、疲惫或不开心而〕费力地走到/进/出某处等

I dragged myself out of bed and into the bathroom.

Can you [drag yourself away from](bold)(=stop watching) the TV for a minute?

你能暂时从电视机前挪挪窝吗？

if you drag someone somewhere, you persuade or force them to come with you when they do not want to

Mom dragged us to a classical music concert.

妈妈非拉着我们去听了一场古典音乐会。

to move words, pictures etc on a computer screen by pulling them along with the mouse

You can [drag and drop](bold) text like this.

if time or an event drags, it seems to go very slowly because nothing interesting is happening

星期五下午时间总是过得很慢。

if something is dragging along the ground, part of it is touching the ground as you move

to take too much time to do something because you do not want to do it

The authorities are dragging their feet over banning cigarette advertising.

当局在禁止香烟广告一事上迟迟不采取行动。

to look for something in a lake, river etc by pulling a heavy net along the bottom

〔用沉重的拖网〕搜索湖底/河底等

The police are dragging the lake for the missing girl’s body.

警方在用拖网搜索湖底，寻找失踪女孩子的尸体。

to tell people about the bad things that someone has done, so that they will have a bad opinion of them

to force someone to go to a court of law, especially in order to make them have a bad experience because you are angry with them

〔尤指因憎恨某人、想出口恶气而〕把某人告上法庭

to force someone to do something that they do not want to – used humorously

逼某人做其不情愿做的某事〔幽默用法〕

The party will have to be dragged kicking and screaming into the 21st century.

这个政党，不管是否愿意，都将不得不面对21世纪。

look as if you’ve been dragged through a hedge backwards

看上去凌乱不堪，看上去极不整洁〔幽默用法〕

if you drag your leg, foot etc, you cannot lift it off the ground as you walk because it is injured

拖着〔受伤的腿、脚等〕走动


drag

Don’t be such a drag! Come to the party.

别扫大家的兴了！来参加聚会吧。

something that is annoying and continues for a long time

It’s a [real drag](bold) having to travel so far to work every day.

每天上班得跑这么远实在讨厌。

to make it hard for someone to make progress towards what they want

Any slowdown in the economy is going to be a drag on the president’s re-election campaign.

经济增长只要稍有减缓，便会成为总统竞选连任的绊脚石。

the act of breathing in smoke from your cigarette

Frank [took a drag](bold) on his cigarette.

wearing clothes worn by the opposite sex, especially to entertain people

〔尤为娱乐他人而〕穿着异性服装

the force of air that pushes against an aircraft or a vehicle that is moving forward

〔作用于行进中的航空器或车辆的〕空气阻力

汽车的圆形边缘降低了空气阻力。

the biggest or longest street that goes through a town

〔横穿城镇的〕主干道，主马路

我们的宾馆就位于主干道上。


dragon

[chase the dragon](bold) at → [chase](->chase) 1 sense 7

a large imaginary animal that has wings and a long tail and can breathe out fire

a woman who behaves in an angry, unfriendly way


drain

to make the water or liquid in something flow away

The swimming pool is drained and cleaned every winter.

每年冬天这座游泳池都要排干清洗。

Brad drained all the oil from the engine.

布拉德将发动机中的润滑油全部放掉。

Can you drain the spaghetti, please (=pour away the water from the pan)?

if something drains, the liquid that is in it or on it flows away and it becomes dry

She washed up and left the dishes to drain.

[well-drained/poorly-drained soil](bold)(=soil from which water flows away quickly or slowly)

This plant needs rich, well-drained soil.

这种植物需要排水性能优良的肥沃土壤。

to make someone feel very tired and without any energy

Working with children all day really drains you.

整天和小孩子打交道真是让人疲惫不堪。

to use too much of something, especially money, so that there is not enough left

Huge imports were draining the country’s currency reserves.

大量的进口正在耗尽该国的货币储备。

the colour/blood drains from sb’s face/cheeks

used to say that someone’s face becomes very pale, because they are frightened or shocked

〔因恐惧或震惊〕某人变得脸色苍白

When the verdict was read out, all the colour drained from Zelda’s cheeks.

to drink all the liquid in a glass, cup etc

汉娜把大杯中的饮料一饮而尽。


drain

→ [brain drain](->brain drain) [laugh like a drain](bold) at → [laugh](->laugh) 1 sense 1

a pipe that carries water or waste liquids away

下水管，下水道，排[污]水管

The flood was caused by a [blocked drain](bold).

漫水是由排水管堵塞引起的。

There’s a problem with [the drains](bold).

the frame of metal bars over a drain where water etc can flow into it

the hole in the bottom of a bath or sink that water flows out through

〔浴缸或洗涤槽底部的〕排水孔

something that continuously uses a lot of time, money etc

The war was an enormous [drain on](bold) the country’s [resources](bold).

这场战争大量消耗了国家的资源。

if time, effort, or money goes down the drain, it is wasted or produces no results

〔时间、努力或金钱〕白白浪费掉

Well that’s it. 18 months’ work down the drain.

这下好了，18个月来的工作就白干了。

if an organization, country etc goes down the drain, it becomes worse or fails

〔组织、国家等〕败落，失败

That’s why this country’s going down the drain!

那就是这个国家败落的原因！


drainage

the process or system by which water or waste liquid flows away

A handful of pebbles in the bottom of a flowerpot will help drainage.

在花盆底部放一把鹅卵石能够帮助排水。

a plan to improve the town’s drainage system


drama

ˈdrɑːmə, ˈdræmə

The book has been made into a television drama.

(=about events in history, in which people wear costumes from that time)

a costume drama set in 17th century France

She starred in a historical drama about Marie Antoinette.

He played a doctor in the US medical drama 'ER'.

'American Gangster' is a crime drama set in 1970s New York.

The lawyer and sleuth Perry Mason was the hero of 82 courtroom dramas.

Martin Clunes is to star in a new comedy drama.

It’s a new four-part crime drama starting on Monday night.

(=a number of programmes with the same characters)

It is one of the longest-running drama series on Japanese television.

a play for the theatre, television, radio etc, usually a serious one, or plays in general

the great traditions of ancient Greek drama

the award-winning TV drama ‘Prime Suspect’

a new [drama series](bold) for Saturday nights

a [courtroom drama](bold)(=one that takes place in a court of law)

a lavish [costume drama](bold)(=one about events in a past century)

He plays a Russian spy in the [comedy drama](bold) ‘Sleepers’.

acting – used when talking about it as a subject to study or teach

young actors coming out of [drama school](bold)

an exciting event or set of events, or the quality of being exciting

玛吉的生活总是充满了戏剧性。

accidents, burst pipes, and other domestic dramas

意外事故、水管爆裂及其他家庭生活中的戏剧性事件

a night of [high drama](bold)(=very exciting events)

to become upset about a small problem and make it seem worse than it really is

对某事大惊小怪，对某事小题大做

Brian always makes such a drama out of everything.

布赖恩对什么事都是大惊小怪的。

a woman or homosexual man who tends to behave as if situations are worse than they really are – used to show disapproval


dramatic

The Internet has brought dramatic changes to the way we work.

There has been a dramatic rise in fuel costs.

Between these years there was a dramatic fall in youth employment.

An accident can have a dramatic effect on your family’s finances.

There has been a dramatic improvement in the standard of students’ work.

(=change in the way people think or do something)

This announcement signalled a dramatic shift in the government’s policy.

Cameras on the streets have produced dramatic results in reducing crime.

The programs made a dramatic difference to the lives of millions of people.

Computers have brought dramatic changes to the workplace.

电脑给职场带来了巨大的变化。

Universities have suffered a dramatic drop in student numbers.

大学里学生的数量急剧减少。

A serious accident can have a dramatic effect on your family’s finances.

一次严重的意外事故可能会突然给家庭经济情况带来巨大的影响。

激动人心的；给人深刻印象的

→see THESAURUS at [exciting](->exciting)

A superb goal by Owen earned United a dramatic victory yesterday.

昨天欧文的一记绝佳入球为联队赢得了激动人心的胜利。

Some of the most [dramatic events](bold) in American history happened here.

美国历史上一些最震撼人心的事件发生在这里。

the [dramatic scenery](bold) of the Grand Canyon

intended to be impressive, so that people notice

想要引人注目的，旨在给人深刻印象的

She needed a stunning dress to help her make a dramatic entrance.

她需要一件绝美的连衣裙助她惊艳亮相。

Tristan threw up his hands in a [dramatic gesture](bold).

特里斯坦夸张地把双手向上一甩。


dramatically

Three years on, Jack’s life has [dramatically changed](bold).

三年之后，杰克的生活发生了巨大的变化。

in a way that is intended to be impressive, so that people notice


drape

to put something somewhere so that it hangs or lies loosely

将〔某物松散地〕挂[披]在〔某处〕

He took off his coat and draped it over a chair.

Mina lay back, her arms draped lazily over the cushions.

米娜向后躺着，手臂懒懒地搁在靠垫上。

to cover or decorate something with a cloth

Jack emerged with a towel draped around him.

杰克披着一条毛巾走了出来。

The soldiers’ coffins were draped with American flags.


drastic

[drastically](bold) /-kli/  adv. eg: The size of the army was drastically cut.

NATO threatened drastic action if its terms were not met.

如果条件得不到满足，北约威胁将要采取严厉的行动。

[drastic cuts](bold) in government spending

[Drastic changes](bold) are needed if environmental catastrophe is to be avoided.

要想避免环境灾难就需要重大的变革。