patience

He didn't have the patience to listen to another point of view.

I'm afraid I have little patience with bureaucrats and their official rules.

Eventually his family lost patience with him and his irresponsible behaviour.

She was wonderful with the children, and never ran out of patience.

(=make it difficult for someone to continue to be patient)

The guy at the desk was beginning to try my patience.

He turned away from me, as if I had exhausted his patience.

People's patience is wearing thin as the queues for visas get longer.

Celia's patience snapped when he dropped a second glass of wine on the carpet.

(=they get what they were hoping and waiting to get)

After two hours, their patience was rewarded and they saw the bird.

Painting by this method requires great patience.

She was lucky to have a maths teacher with infinite patience.

Those children would try the patience of a saint.

the ability to continue waiting or doing something for a long time without becoming angry or anxious

〔持续等待或长时间做某事的〕耐心

I wouldn’t [have](bold) the [patience](bold) to sit sewing all day.

我可没有耐心整天坐着缝缝补补。

a good listener who has infinite patience

一个极具耐心、善于倾听的人

the ability to accept trouble and other people’s annoying behaviour without complaining or becoming angry

〔对困难或他人讨厌行为的〕忍耐（力），忍受力，克制力

You’ll need patience and understanding if you’re going to be a teacher.

如果你要当老师，就得具备耐力并能体谅他人。

[lose/run out of patience (with sb)](bold)(=stop being patient and get angry)

I’m beginning to lose patience with you people.

我开始对你们这些人失去耐心了。

It will [take](bold) time and [patience](bold) to get these changes accepted.

要让这些变革为人接受，需要时间和耐心。

Celia’s [patience](bold) suddenly [snapped](bold) and she told them to shut up.

西莉亚突然不耐烦了，叫他们住口。

[the patience of Job/the patience of a saint](bold)(=very great patience when someone is annoying you)

Henry’s negative attitude is beginning to [try](bold) my [patience](bold)(=make me lose my patience).

亨利消极的态度开始让我失去耐心了。

Patience, my dear. Some things take time.

耐心点，亲爱的，有些事情是要花时间的。


patient

One in three cancer patients suffers no pain at all.

Some heart patients have to wait between three months and a year for surgery.

(=one with problems relating to their mind)

The drug was used in the past to treat mental patients.

The ward was packed with seriously ill patients.

All hospital patients have to follow a daily routine.

Patients are treated in terms of priority.

I stayed in the treatment room while the doctor saw another patient.

Can you please wait outside while the physician examines the patient.

Twelve of these patients were receiving treatment with a new drug.

Some patients respond quickly and satisfactorily to treatment.

The treatment succeeded and the patient recovered rapidly.

This examination should be done when the patient is admitted to hospital.

The patient was discharged after eight days.

someone who is receiving medical treatment from a doctor or in a hospital

→see THESAURUS at [customer](->customer)


patient

[patiently](bold) adv. eg: He [waited patiently](bold) for Katherine to speak.

able to wait calmly for a long time or to accept difficulties, people’s annoying behaviour etc without becoming angry

You’ll just have to [be patient](bold) and wait till I’m off the phone.

你只能耐心点，等我打完电话。


patriotic

ˌpeɪtriˈɑːtɪk◂

[patriotism](bold) /ˈpætriətɪz/ US /ˈpeɪ-/  n. <U>

having or expressing a great love of your country


patrol

[past tense and past participle](italic) [patrolled](bold) [present participle](italic) [patrolling](bold)

to go around the different parts of an area or building at regular times to check that there is no trouble or danger

an area patrolled by special police units

to drive or walk around an area in a threatening way

气势汹汹地在 …处驾车游荡[走来走去]

Gangs of youths patrolled the streets at night.

晚上一帮帮年轻人在街上气势汹汹地游荡。


patrol

when someone goes around different parts of an area at regular times to check that there is no trouble or danger

The security forces increased their patrols in the area.

安全部队加强了对该地区的巡逻。

a group of police, soldiers, vehicles, planes etc sent out to search a particular area

巡警队；巡逻车队；巡逻机队

[patrol boat/car](bold)(=used by the army or police)


patron

someone who supports the activities of an organization, for example by giving money

a famous person who is officially involved with an organization, such as a charity, and whose name is used to help advertise it

名义赞助人〔支持慈善组织等的名人，其名字常用于有关的广告宣传中〕

someone who uses a particular shop, restaurant, or hotel

〔商店、餐馆或酒店的〕顾客，主顾


patronizing

ˈpætrənaɪzɪŋ

also: patronising ([BrE](bold))  [adj](bold)

someone who is patronizing talks to you in a way that shows they think you are less intelligent or important than them

〔说话时〕自命不凡的，高人一等的


pattern

Some of his pictures use patterns of dots.

a pattern used for decorating something, especially cloth or paper

curtains with a floral design based on flowers

the coloured patterns and shapes on an animal’s fur, feathers, or skin

a single shape that is regularly repeated to form a pattern which decorates something

A triangle within a square is a very common motif in Muslim art.

The shield motif in the frescoes at Knossos is a religious, not a military, symbol.

It's easy to get stuck in the same old pattern of behaviour.

Regular checks help to ensure that the child is following the normal pattern of development

Each of the murders has followed a similar pattern.

There are different patterns of social life in urban areas.

The basic pattern of her working day rarely changed.

The general pattern of change has been one of upward mobility.

As soon as she could, she resumed the normal pattern of her life.

Rising global temperatures are affecting weather patterns.

Disturbed sleep patterns may be a symptom of depression.

Computers are now able to produce acceptable speech patterns.

The bank’s computer can detect unusual spending patterns.

(=can be seen when something is studied)

Although the numbers are small, a pattern began to emerge.

Her headaches did not seem to follow any particular pattern.

You should try to establish a pattern of working that suits you.

the regular way in which something happens, develops, or is done

〔事情发生、发展、完成的〕模式，方式，形式

Weather patterns have changed in recent years.

气候模式近年已经发生了变化。

changing [patterns of behaviour](bold) among students

学生中不断变化的行为方式

The child showed a normal [pattern of development](bold).

那个孩子表现出正常的成长模式。

他们注意到了数据中的规律。

A general [pattern](bold) began to [emerge](bold).

Their descriptions seemed to [follow a set pattern](bold)(=always develop in the same way).

他们的描述似乎有固定的模式。

His behavior [fits](bold) a [pattern](bold) of violent acts.

他的举动符合暴力行为的模式。

a regularly repeated arrangement of shapes, colours, or lines on a surface, usually as decoration

〔常作装饰的〕图案，花样，式样

a regularly repeated arrangement of sounds or words

〔声音或词汇有规则排列的〕模式

a thing, idea, or person that is an example to copy

The book [set the pattern for](bold) over 40 similar historical romances.

这本书为40多本类似的历史言情小说树立了典范。

a shape used as a guide for making something, especially a thin piece of paper used when cutting material to make clothes

〔用以制作某物的〕模型；〔尤指服装的〕纸样

a small piece of cloth, paper etc that shows what a larger piece will look like


pattern

to be designed or made in a way that is copied from something else

The exam system is patterned after the one used in Japan.

这种考试制度是仿效日本建立的。

Tiny white flowers patterned the ground like confetti.

白色的小花犹如五彩纸屑点缀着地面。


pause

to stop speaking or stop doing something for a very short time before starting again. [Pause](bold) is used especially in written descriptions. In everyday spoken English, people usually just say [stop](bold)

She paused at the bottom of the stairs and looked up at the clock.

He paused, waiting for Larry to say something.

to stop for a moment and wait before doing something, because you feel unsure or nervous about it

She hesitated for a moment before replying.

to stop working for a short time in order to rest, eat etc

We’re all getting tired. Let’s take a break for ten minutes.

if a meeting or court adjourns or is adjourned, it stops for a short time

If there are no more questions, the committee will adjourn until tomorrow morning.

The trial was adjourned because one of the defendants was ill.

to stop for a short time in order to rest

to suddenly stop speaking, especially because you see, hear, or think of something

He broke off his conversation when he saw Mary running towards him.

She broke off and looked embarrassed, then said, ‘I’ll explain later.’

He paused momentarily, then knocked twice more.

'They have offered us a lot of money.' She paused dramatically.

He paused for a moment, seemingly overcome by emotion.

She had to pause for breath after every two or three steps.

'Of course,' she replied, without pausing for thought.

(=in order to make people eager to hear what you are going to say)

'Now I know what to do,' Brown said, pausing for effect.

He paused only to make a few notes, and left.

to stop speaking or doing something for a short time before starting again

He [paused for breath](bold), then continued up the hill.

他停下来歇口气，然后继续上山。

‘No,’ he replied, without [pausing for thought](bold).

“不是的。”他不假思索地答道。

乔停顿了一下考虑怎么回答。

to push a button on a CD player, DVD player etc in order to make a CD, DVD etc stop playing for a short time

〔按暂停键〕（使）暂停播放


pause

There was a long pause before anyone spoke.

"Well, that was a surprise," he said after a brief pause.

There was a momentary pause during which Mr Hammond glanced at his wife.

After an awkward pause, Ray began to answer my question.

In the dramatic pause before she replied, you could feel the tension in the room.

(=one that is full of meaning or emotion)

‘OK. Let’s move on,’ said the president after a pregnant pause.

a short time during which someone stops speaking or doing something before starting again

There was a pause while Alice changed the tape.

After a [long pause](bold), she went on.

停了好一会儿，她才继续下去。

a control which allows you to stop a CD player, DVD player etc for a short time and start it again

a mark ( ) over a musical note, showing that the note is to be played or sung longer than usual

to make someone stop and consider carefully what they are doing

使某人停下来（仔细考虑）

an avoidable accident that should give us all pause for thought

应能让我们都停下来反思的一次本可以避免的事故


pavement

a hard level surface or path at the side of a road for people to walk on

A small group of journalists waited on the pavement outside her house.

有一小群记者守候在她家外面的人行道上。

As she fell off the bike, her head hit the pavement.

她从自行车上摔下来，头部撞在了路面上。

to work very hard to get something, especially a job, by going to a lot of different places

〔尤指为找工作等而〕四处奔走

He spent the next six months pounding the pavement in search of a job.

接下来的六个月他为了找工作而四处奔走。


paw

an animal’s foot that has nails or claws

someone’s hand – used when you are annoyed or angry

〔某人的〕手〔用于不悦或生气时〕

把你的脏爪子从我身上拿开！


paw

if an animal paws a surface, it touches or rubs one place several times with its paw

用爪子[足，蹄等]抓[触，扒，刨]

The dog’s pawing at the door again – let him out.

那只狗又在扒门了——让它出去吧。

to feel or touch someone in a rough or sexual way that is offensive

He’d had too much to drink and started pawing me.

他先是喝多了酒，然后开始对我动手动脚。


pay

pay back
pay in
pay off
pay out
pay over
pay up

[pay lip service to](bold) at → [lip service](->lip service) [pay your dues](bold) at → [due](->due) 3 sense 2

to give someone money for something you are buying from them, or a service they are providing

I paid a lot of money for that computer.

to pay for something for someone else, or to provide the money needed to do something

We will meet the cost of your travelling expenses.

The cost will be met from public donations.

to pay for something for someone else, especially when you do not want to, or do not think that you should

As usual, the taxpayer will have to foot the bill.

My company will pick up the tab for all moving costs.

to pay a lot of money for something because you have to and not because you want to

He had to fork out £500 to get his car fixed.

Fans are having to shell out roughly $65 per seat for football games.

to pay the bill after eating a meal, staying in a hotel etc

She went down to the hotel lobby to settle the bill.

to pay a particular amount of money for something – used especially when saying how much you are willing to pay

I’ll give you $50 for the lot for everything.

used when saying that someone else will pay for your meal, drinks etc

Order whatever you like – this is on me!

The drinks are on the housethe bar, restaurant etc will let you have them for free.

Put your money away – the drinks are on us.

You have to pay in cash for the tickets.

I filled up with petrol and then paid by cheque.

The hotel does not charge more if you pay by credit card.

American exporters want to be paid in dollars.

Customers are willing to pay handsomely for anti-ageing cosmetic products.

I was working on a building site, being paid by the hour.

For a long time I didn’t realise how badly-paid and overworked I was.

[past tense and past participle](italic) [paid](bold) /peɪd/

to give someone money for something you buy or for a service

妈妈支付了我驾驶课的学费。

He didn’t even offer to pay me for the ticket.

他甚至没有提出要给我买票的钱。

雷花钱雇了一些孩子洗车。

我付给他5美元叫他割草。

You [pay](bold)  an amount or you [pay](bold)  a person: We paid $700. Pay the delivery man.

You [pay for](bold)  something that you buy: I’ll pay for the tickets.
Don’t say: [I’ll pay the tickets.](strike)

You [pay](bold)  an amount or a person [for](bold)  something that you buy: I paid £100 for this jacket. She paid me for the drinks.

You [pay](bold)  someone an amount: They paid the owner €3,000.

You [pay in](bold)  a type of money: Can I pay in euros?

You [pay by](bold)  a particular method: You can pay by credit card.

to pay money that you owe to a person, company etc

I forgot to [pay](bold) the gas [bill](bold)!

Is it okay if I pay you what I owe you next week?

to give someone money for the job they do

[pay sb $100 a day/£200 a week etc](bold)

他们每小时的报酬只有4英镑左右。

Some lawyers [get paid](bold) over $400 an hour.

有些律师每小时收费超过400美元。

[be paid weekly/monthly](bold) [also](special) [get paid weekly/monthly](bold)

Many of the workers are very badly paid.

那些工人中有很多人工资非常低。

[paid work](bold)(=work you are paid to do)

[paid holiday/leave](bold)(=time when you are not working but are still paid)

to watch, listen to, or think about someone or something carefully

认真看，仔细听，用心思考（某人/某事物）

I’m sorry, I wasn’t paying attention to what you were saying.

对不起，我没有仔细听你说的话。

They [paid no attention to](bold)(=ignored) him.

to give money to someone because you are ordered to by a court as part of a legal case

缴纳〔法庭要求支付的费用〕

She had to [pay](bold) a £35 [fine](bold) for speeding.

她必须缴纳35英镑超速罚款。

[pay (sth in) compensation/damages](bold)(=give someone money because you have done something against them)

The company were forced to [pay](bold) £5,000 [in compensation](bold).

那家公司被迫支付了5,000英镑赔偿金。

Martins was ordered to pay court costs of £1,500.

马丁斯被勒令支付1,500英镑诉讼费。

to say something good or polite about or to someone

The minister [paid tribute to](bold) the work of the emergency services.

部长表扬了应急服务部门的工作。

I came by to [pay my respects](bold)(=visit or send a polite greeting to someone) to Mrs Owens.

I was just trying to [pay](bold) her [a compliment](bold).

if a particular action pays, it brings a good result or advantage for you

合算，值得；有利，有好处

[It pays to](bold) get some professional advice before you make a decision.

作决定之前征求一些专业性建议是有好处的。

[It would pay you to](bold) ask if there are any jobs going at the London office.

问一下伦敦分公司是否有职位空缺对你有好处。

Getting some qualifications now will [pay dividends](bold)(=bring a lot of advantages) in the long term.

长远来看，现在取得一些资格对将来有好处。

if a shop or business pays, it makes a profit

〔商店或公司〕赢利，有收益

If the pub doesn’t start to pay, we’ll have to sell it.

如果这家酒馆还没有开始赢利，我们将不得不把它卖掉。

The farm just manages to [pay its way](bold)(=make as much profit as it costs to run).

那家农场仅能维持收支平衡。

to experience something unpleasant because you have done something wrong, made a mistake etc

〔因犯错误等而〕吃苦头/付出代价

Williams is now paying the price for his early mistakes.

威廉斯现在正为以前犯下的错误付出代价。

我决定去看望一下父母亲。

If you have time, pay a visit to the City Art Gallery.

如果你有时间，去参观一下市美术馆。

to stop something from happening or spoil plans for something

使某事落空，破坏某事的计划

Bad exam results put paid to his hopes of a university place.

糟糕的考试成绩让他上大学的希望破灭了。

to suffer or be punished for something you have done wrong

〔因做错事而〕付出代价，遭受惩罚

They [paid dearly](bold) for their mistakes.

他们为自己的错误付出了巨大的代价。

to pay for everything that you want without having to depend on anyone else for money

Sofia worked to pay her way through college.

索菲娅自食其力读完了大学。

if something you buy pays for itself, the money it saves over a period of time is as much as the product cost to buy

A new boiler would pay for itself within two years.

一台新锅炉用两年就够本了。

used to say that someone will be in a lot of trouble about something

If the boss finds out you were late again, there’s going to be hell to pay.

如果老板发现你又迟到，你可要遭殃了。

to pay much more for something than it is really worth

（为某物）付费过高；（为某事）付出过大代价

used to say that someone who has done something illegal has been fully punished for it

某人〔指违法者〕已受到应有的惩罚

to treat someone, especially a woman, carefully and with respect, so that they will like you or help you

（向某人）大献殷勤，讨好（某人）〔尤指女人〕

used to say that the person who gives the money for something can decide how it will be used

to do something nice for someone because someone else did something nice for you

将善意传递下去；传递爱心


pay

money that you receive from working, investments etc

the pay that professional people such as teachers or lawyers earn every year

the pay that someone earns every hour or every week

money added to someone’s pay, as a reward for good work or as a reward when the company does well

The company pays an attendance bonus – if you go 30 days without being late or absent, you get the bonus.

In a good year, a bonus can double an executive’s earnings.

Nurses often work long hours for relatively low pay.

The work was steady and the pay was pretty good.

(=the same pay for the same type of work)

The women at the factory went on strike for equal pay.

(=not including overtime pay or bonuses)

The basic pay is so low you end up doing lots of overtime.

Their average take-home pay is just £120.

Their bosses had to approve any overtime pay.

Servicemen and women get no holiday pay, no overtime, no weekends off.

As a self-employed person, you get no sick pay or benefits.

(=pay while a woman takes time off to have a baby)

If you have worked here a year, you are entitled to 3 month’s maternity pay.

(=pay when there is no longer a job for you)

We invested our redundancy pay in a new business venture.

They were immediately suspended on full pay pending a full inquiry.

In 1822 he retired from the army as captain on half pay.

Teachers will be awarded a 6% pay increase this year.

If you get promoted, will you get a pay rise?

Many workers in the catering industry are on low rates of pay.

(=the money you earn every week or month)

Stretching your money until the next pay cheque arrives often becomes difficult.

Ministers have approved a public sector pay freeze.

The miners voted for strike action in support of their pay claim.

(=disagreement between an employer and employees about pay)

Many flights were cancelled because of a pilots’ pay dispute.

(=the conditions in which people work and the pay they get)

The unions are demanding better pay and conditions.

money that you are given for doing your job

Staff have been working without pay for the last month.

上个月员工们干活没拿到工资。

The tax is deducted from your pay every week.

这项税收每星期从你薪水中扣。

He was suspended [on full pay](bold) until the hearing.

someone who is in someone else’s pay is working for them, often secretly

〔多指秘密地〕受雇于某人的


payment

an amount of money that you pay for something, especially when it is only one part of the total amount you have to pay

They have a monthly car payment of £220.

a regular payment you make to pay back money that you have borrowed or to pay for things that you have already received

I borrowed $2,000, which was to be paid back in monthly installments of $250.

part of the cost of something that you pay before you get it, so that it will not be sold to anyone else

They used the money they inherited as a down payment on a house.

The hotel asks for a $20 deposit to reserve a room.

an amount of money you pay, usually once a year, to receive copies of a newspaper or magazine

A subscription to the magazine is $52 a year.

a small amount of money that you give someone, for example a waitress or taxi driver, in addition to paying for a service they have given you

the amount you pay for insurance each year

He was supposed to make payments of $250 a month.

You will receive a cash payment on your 65th birthday.

He was having trouble meeting the interest payments.

also: fall behind with the payments (BrE)

I’d run up nearly £4,000 in debt, and was beginning to fall behind with the payments.

Home buyers have seen their monthly payments go up by more than 50 percent.

He provided pills to athletes in return for cash payments.

(=a small payment for something you are buying, when you will pay the rest later)

We were able to put a down payment on an apartment.

(=a payment towards a loan on your house)

Your mortgage payments could fall if interest rates drop.

(=a payment that is made before something is finished or settled)

It may be reasonable for the builder to ask for interim payments as the work progresses.

(=an additional payment because success has been achieved)

The team had made illegal bonus payments to players.

an amount of money that has been or must be paid

你可以在任何一家银行付款。

They fell behind on their mortgage payments.

他们未按期支付按揭还款。

There are severe penalties for late payment of taxes.

迟缴税款要支付高额罚金。

Most hotels here accept payment in dollars.

这里的大多数酒店都接受美元付款。

[Payment](bold) can be [made](bold) by cheque or credit card.

可以用支票或信用卡付款。

We do accept [payment in instalments](bold)(=paying in small amounts over a period of time).

She demanded [payment in advance](bold).

in payment for sth (=in order to pay for something)

cheques received in payment for goods supplied

on payment of sth (=when an amount has been paid)

Any item can be reserved on payment of a deposit.

支付订金就可以预订任何物品。

a way of paying for something with goods or services instead of money


PC

a computer that is used by one person at a time, either at home or at work

People can use their PCs to do their banking from home.

人们可以在家通过个人计算机办理银行业务。


PC

used to describe language, behaviour, and attitudes that are carefully chosen so that they do not offend or insult anyone

﹝语言、行为和态度﹞政治上正确的，政治上得体的

It’s not PC to describe people as disabled.


PE

([BrE](special)) AmE P.E.  [n](bold) <[U](bold)>

sport and physical activity taught as a school subject


pea

a round green seed that is cooked and eaten as a vegetable, or the plant on which these seeds grow

exactly the same in appearance, behaviour etc

〔容貌、行为等〕一模一样的


peace

a situation in which there is no war or fighting

There has been peace in the region for six years now.

an agreement to stop fighting or arguing with each other for a limited period of time

The rebels have ended a 17-month-old truce.

He called for a truce between Israeli and Palestinian forces.

There was an uneasy truce between Lily and Stephen at dinner.

an agreement to stop fighting for a limited period of time, especially in order to discuss making peace

The two sides agreed to a ceasefire which would come into force immediately.

a formal agreement to stop fighting a war and to discuss making peace

The Korean armistice was signed in July 1953.

a situation in which there is no violence, argument, or protest

Attempts by the police to restore calm in the area failed.

The regime poses a threat to world peace.

He has the chance to forge a lasting peace with the Palestinians.

(=when people have agreed to stop fighting, but the situation is not really calm)

The fragile peace between the government and the student protestors broke when military police arrested their leader.

A fourth round of peace talks will begin on Monday.

Will the US be sending a delegate to the Middle East peace conference?

The formal signing of the peace agreement took place in Lisbon on May 31.

It is difficult to see how a peace settlement can be achieved.

Britain is still committed to the peace process.

(=people who work together to achieve peace, and the things they do)

As a young man, he was involved in the peace movement.

Several peace campaigners were arrested at the demonstration.

(=large public meeting in support of peace)

CND organised a massive peace rally in Trafalgar Square attended by over a million people.

The EU is sending a special peace envoy to the area.

(=officials who are sent by their government to another country to discuss peace)

India’s prime minister sent a peace mission to the Gulf.

Hardliners criticized the Israeli prime minister for trying to make peace with the Palestinians.

She was praised for her efforts to bring peace to the region.

The emperor’s brother was able to restore peace in the troubled areas.

Officially England was at peace with Spain.

The UN was designed to uphold global peace and security.

The people of Congo richly deserve peace and stability.

We have had eight years of peace and prosperity.

People come here to enjoy the peace and tranquillity of this lovely area.

Answer my question, and then I'll leave you in peace.

A cry rent the air, shattering the peace.

Peace and tranquillity reign in the well-kept grounds.

The country is [at peace with](bold) its neighbours for the first time in years.

这是多年来该国与其邻国第一次和平共处。

By the end of the century, France had [made peace with](bold) Britain.

到那个世纪末，法国和英国议和了。

a city where people of different religions have [lived](bold) together [in peace](bold) for centuries

不同宗教的人们和平共处数百年的城市

efforts to [bring peace](bold) to the region

给这个地区带来和平的努力

a dangerous situation which threatens [world peace](bold)

a [lasting peace](bold) between the two sides

An [uneasy peace](bold) continued until 1939.

不稳定的和平局面维持到1939年。

the Northern Ireland [peace talks](bold)

an international [peace conference](bold)

the [peace treaty](bold) that ended the First World War

终结第一次世界大战的和平条约

a very quiet and pleasant situation in which you are not interrupted

I’ll leave you now and let you get dressed in peace.

我现在不打扰你了，让你安安静静穿衣服。

I wish she would just [leave](bold) me [in peace](bold).

我真希望她能让我清静会儿。

All I want is some [peace and quiet](bold).

a feeling of being calm, happy, and not worried

Having household insurance is supposed to give you [peace of mind](bold).

上了家庭保险会让人心里踏实。

Lynn seems to [be](bold) more [at peace with herself](bold) these days (=calm, satisfied, no longer worried about anything).

琳恩这些天显得更加悠然自得了。

to end a quarrel with a person or group, especially by telling them you are sorry

〔尤指通过道歉〕和某人[某团体]和解

Ann wanted to make her peace with her father before he died.

安想在父亲去世之前和他言归于好。

to stop people from fighting, arguing, or causing trouble

The US is sending troops overseas in order to keep the peace.

to keep quiet even though you would like to say something

Macklin was charged with disturbing the peace.

[breach of the peace](bold) at → [breach](->breach) 1 sense 5

words that are said during a funeral service for someone who has died, or written on a gravestone

安息〔葬礼用语或墓碑文字〕


peaceful

[peacefully](bold) adv. eg: She was sleeping peacefully.

5,000 students began a peaceful protest which turned into a violent confrontation with police.

The authorities want a peaceful solution to the hostage crisis.

(=when people live together without fighting or arguing)

Blacks and whites lived in peaceful coexistence.

(=a peaceful change from one system to another)

They hope to achieve a peaceful transition to democracy.

We must redistribute power in this country by peaceful means.

A Foreign Ministry spokesman stressed that the nuclear programme is for peaceful purposes.

a peaceful time, place, or situation is quiet and calm without any worry or excitement

We had a peaceful afternoon without the children.

孩子们不在，我们度过了一个宁静的下午。

It’s very peaceful out here in the woods.

not involving war, fighting, or violence

There was a large but peaceful demonstration outside the US Embassy.

美国大使馆外发生了一次大规模的和平示威活动。

We must try to find a peaceful solution to the conflict.

我们必须努力寻找和平解决冲突的方法。

a political change achieved by peaceful and democratic means

the use of nuclear power for peaceful purposes

The countries in Europe have established a [peaceful co-existence](bold)(=they exist together without fighting).

欧洲各国已形成和平共处的局面。

peaceful people do not like violence and do not behave in a violent way

a noisy but peaceful group of demonstrators


peach

a round juicy fruit that has a soft yellow or red skin and a large hard seed in the centre, or the tree that this fruit grows on

something or someone that you think is very good

有吸引力的物[人]，特别惹人喜爱的物[人]

Anderton scored [a peach of a](bold) goal.

used to describe skin that is an attractive pink colour


peak

The strawberry season is now at its peak.

By the next Olympics, she will be past her peak.

The traffic reaches a peak between 5 and 6 pm.

The company’s stock hit a peak of about $23.

Visitor numbers have fallen from a peak of 1.8 million per year to under 1 million.

Sales went through a number of peaks and troughs in the last fiscal year.

All around are the spectacular mountain peaks of the Jungfrau region.

Mount McKinley is Alaska’s highest peak.

The snow-capped peaks of the Sorondo mountain range provide a dramatic backdrop.

At first all I could see was the hazy black outline of a jagged peak.

The mist cleared to reveal the distant peaks across the valley.

the time when something or someone is best, greatest, highest, most successful etc

The British Empire was at its peak in the mid 19th century.

Sales this month have [reached](bold) a new [peak](bold).

Most athletes [reach](bold) their [peak](bold) in their mid-20s.

大多数运动员在25岁左右达到巅峰状态。

He’s [past](bold) his [peak](bold) as a tennis player.

他的网球生涯已过了巅峰期。

Oil production is down from its peak of two years ago.

石油生产已比不上两年前的鼎盛时期。

Hotel rooms are difficult to find at the peak of the holiday season.

节假日高峰期酒店一房难求。

the [peaks and troughs](bold) of the US economy (=high and low points)

麦金利山是阿拉斯加的最高峰。

a part that forms a point above a surface or at the top of something

Whisk the egg whites until they form stiff peaks.

the flat curved part of a cap that sticks out in front above your eyes


peak

Sales peaked in August, then fell sharply.

销售额8月份达到最高点，然后急速下降。

Wind speeds peaked at 105 mph yesterday.

昨天的风速最高达每小时105英里。


peak

used to talk about the best, highest, or greatest level or amount of something

最好［高］的；高峰时期的；巅峰状态的

Gasoline prices are 14% below the peak level they hit in November.

汽油价格比11月的最高点下跌了14%。

a shampoo designed to keep your hair [in peak condition](bold)

令秀发保持最佳状态的洗发水

If you phone during the day you pay the [peak rate](bold) for calls.

白天打电话要支付高峰时段电话费。

periods of [peak demand](bold) for electricity

the peak time or period is when the greatest number of people are doing the same thing, using the same service etc

交通高峰时段加开公共汽车。

Hotel prices rise during the [peak season](bold).

the time when the rate of getting oil, coal, or gas out of the ground has reached its highest level, after which it will gradually begin to get lower

Some scientists believe we have already reached peak oil.

一些科学家认为我们已经到达石油峰值。


peanut

a pale brown nut in a thin shell which grows under the ground

The hotel workers get [paid peanuts](bold).

酒店工作人员的薪酬十分微薄。

I’m tired of [working for peanuts](bold).

我受够了为一点点小钱而卖力。


pear

a sweet juicy fruit that has a round base and is thinner near the top, or the tree that produces this fruit


pearl

a small round white object that forms inside an oyster, and is a valuable jewel

a [string of pearls](bold)(=a [necklace](bold,->necklace) made of pearls)

a hard shiny substance of various colours formed inside some shellfish, which is used for making buttons or to make objects look attractive

wise remarks – used especially when you really think that someone’s remarks are slightly stupid

真知灼见，智慧的结晶〔尤为反话〕

Thank you for those pearls of wisdom, Emma.

多谢你的金玉良言，埃玛。

to give something valuable to someone who does not understand its value

someone or something that is especially good or valuable


pebble

a small smooth stone found especially on a beach or on the bottom of a river

〔尤指海滩上或河底的〕卵石，小圆石，砾石

The beach was covered with smooth white pebbles.

海滩上布满了光滑的白色卵石。


peculiar

strange, unfamiliar, or a little surprising

→see THESAURUS at [strange](->strange) 1

There was a peculiar smell in the kitchen.

[It](bold) seems very [peculiar that](bold) no one noticed Kay had gone.

没有人注意到凯已经走了，这好像很奇怪。

if something is peculiar to a particular person, place, or situation, it is a feature that only belongs to that person or only exists in that place or situation

The problem of racism [is not peculiar to](bold) this country.

种族歧视问题并非只有这个国家才有。

behaving in a strange and slightly crazy way

〔行为〕怪癖的，有点疯狂的


pedal

one of the two parts of a bicycle that you push round with your feet to make the bicycle go forward

a part in a car or on a machine that you press with your foot to control it

She put her foot down on the accelerator pedal.

a part on a piano or organ that you press with your foot to change the quality of the sound

to work harder or faster, especially so that you can win a game

拼命干；加快速度〔尤指为了在比赛、游戏中获胜〕


pedal

[past tense and past participle](italic) [pedalled](bold) [present participle](italic) [pedalling](bold) ([BrE](bold)) [past tense and past participle](italic) [pedaled](bold) [present participle](italic) [pedaling](bold) ([AmE](bold))

Andrew pedalled up the road towards the town centre.

安德鲁骑着自行车沿这条路去市中心。

to turn or push the pedals on a bicycle or other machine with your feet

踩动〔自行车或机器的〕踏板

She was [pedalling furiously](bold)(=very fast).


pedestrian

someone who is walking, especially along a street or other place used by cars


pedestrian

ordinary and uninteresting and without any imagination

平淡无奇的；乏味的；缺乏想象力的

a painting that is pedestrian and unimaginative

relating to pedestrians or used by pedestrians


pedestrian crossing

→ [pelican crossing](->pelican crossing) → [zebra crossing](->zebra crossing)

a specially marked place for people to walk across the road


peel

[keep your eyes peeled](bold) at → [eye](->eye) 1 sense 18

to remove the skin from fruit or vegetables

剥去[削去]〔水果或蔬菜〕的皮

if skin, paper, or paint peels, it comes off, usually in small pieces

〔皮肤、纸张或油漆〕脱皮，剥落

New skin grows, and the damaged skin peels off.

新皮肤长出，受损的皮肤脱落。

〔外层或表面〕脱落，剥落

to remove the outer layer from something

Peel away the waxed paper from the bottom of the cake.


peel

the skin of some fruits and vegetables, especially the thick skin of fruits such as oranges, which you do not eat

〔水果和蔬菜的〕外皮〔尤指橙子等不能食用的厚皮〕


peer

your peers are the people who are the same age as you, or who have the same type of job, social class etc

同龄人；社会地位相同的人；同行

American children did less well in math than their peers in Japan.

Staff members are trained by their peers.

→ [peer group](->peer group) → [peer pressure](->peer pressure)


peer

to look very carefully at something, especially because you are having difficulty seeing it

〔尤指因看起来费劲而〕盯着看，凝视

He was peering through the wet windscreen at the cars ahead.

他正费力地透过淋湿的风挡盯视着前方的汽车。


peg

[square peg in a round hole](bold) at → [square](->square) 1 sense 12

a short piece of wood, metal, or plastic that is attached to a wall or fits into a hole, used especially to hang things on or to fasten things together

短钉，挂钉〔尤用于挂物或固定〕

a pattern made with coloured pegs on a board

a small plastic or wooden object used to fasten wet clothes to a thin rope to dry

〔晾衣服用的塑料或木制〕衣夹

a pointed piece of wood or metal that you push into the ground in order to keep a tent in the correct position

〔用于固定帐篷的木制或金属〕桩

to make someone realize that they are not as important or skilled as they think they are

杀某人的威风，挫某人的傲气

Evans is an arrogant bully who needs taking down a peg or two.

埃文斯傲慢霸道，真该杀杀他的威风。

a wooden screw used to make the strings of a violin,guitar etc tighter or looser

〔用于调节小提琴、吉他等弦线松紧的〕弦轴，琴栓

something that is used as a reason for doing, discussing, or believing something

做某事的借口；相信某事的理由；话题，谈资

As a peg to hang it on, the tournament had the 100th anniversary of Nehru’s birth.

本次锦标赛是为了纪念尼赫鲁百年诞辰。

a small amount of strong alcoholic drink, especially whisky or brandy

少量烈酒〔尤指威士忌或白兰地〕


peg

[past tense and past participle](italic) [pegged](bold) [present participle](italic) [pegging](bold)

to set prices, wages etc at a particular level, or set them in relation to something else

限定〔价格、工资等〕；将 …（与 …）挂钩

a currency pegged to the American dollar

to fasten something somewhere with a peg

用钉[桩]固定，把 …钉牢

帐篷的门帘被掀开固定住。

Outside, a woman was pegging sheets to a washing line.

屋外，一个女人正把床单夹在晾衣绳上。


pen

an instrument for writing or drawing with ink

a small piece of land enclosed by a fence to keep farm animals in

〔围养家畜的〕栏，圈，棚

a penalty, used especially when talking about football

处罚；〔尤指足球的〕点球


pen

[past tense and past participle](italic) [penned](bold) [present participle](italic) [penning](bold)

to write something such as a letter, a book etc, especially using a pen


penalty

There were calls for stiffer penalties for killers of police officers.

The maximum penalty for the offence is now three years’ imprisonment.

Parents who fail to prevent their children committing crimes are to face heavy financial penalties.

If convicted, they face the death penalty.

Murder carries a minimum penalty of 15 years in prison.

Severe penalties are imposed for election fraud.

He faces a maximum penalty of 10 years’ imprisonment.

Why did they let Jones take the penalty?

Jon Bland kicked a penalty to make it 6–3.

Billy Dodds scored a penalty for Rangers after 55 minutes.

The referee awarded Bradford a penalty in the final minute.

a punishment for breaking a law, rule, or legal agreement

〔因违反法律、规则或合约而受到的〕惩罚，处罚

→see THESAURUS at [punishment](->punishment)

禁止乱扔垃圾。违者罚款500美元。

Withdrawing the money early will result in a 10% penalty.

提前支取这笔钱将被处以10%的罚金。

The penalty for a first offense is a fine.

If he is convicted, he could receive [the death penalty](bold)(=be killed as a punishment).

一旦定罪，他可能会被判处死刑。

something bad that happens to you because of something you have done or because of the situation you are in

One of the penalties of being famous is the loss of privacy.

成名的弊端之一就是失去隐私。

If you don’t do the job right, you will [pay the penalty](bold).

要是不好好干活的话，你会有麻烦的。

a disadvantage in sports given to a player or team for breaking a rule

〔体育运动中对犯规者的〕判罚，处罚

a chance to kick the ball or hit the puck into the goal in a game of football,rugby, or ice hockey, given because the other team has broken a rule

〔足球、英式橄榄球、冰球中的〕点球

Townsend [kicked](bold) a [penalty](bold)(=in a rugby game) in the last minute.

最后一分钟，汤森罚进了一粒点球。

利兹队获得一次点球机会。


pencil

an instrument that you use for writing or drawing, consisting of a wooden stick with a thin piece of a black or coloured substance in the middle


pencil

[past tense and past participle](italic) [pencilled](bold) [present participle](italic) [pencilling](bold) ([BrE](bold)) [past tense and past participle](italic) [penciled](bold) [present participle](italic) [penciling](bold) ([AmE](bold))

to write something or make a mark with a pencil


pending

while waiting for something, or until something happens

在等待 …之际；直到 …时

Sales of the drug have been stopped, pending further research.

这种药已经停售，等待进一步研究。


pending

未定的，未决的；待定的，待决的

Many trade disputes are pending, awaiting the outcome of the talks.

许多贸易争端悬而未决，等待会谈结果。

something that is pending is going to happen soon

a container for keeping papers, letters etc that have not yet been dealt with


penetrate

to enter something and pass or spread through it, especially when this is difficult

进入；渗入；刺入；穿过，穿透

bullets that penetrate thick armour plating

Sunlight barely penetrated the dirty windows.

阳光几乎照不进那些肮脏的窗户。

Explorers penetrated deep into unknown regions.

探险者深入到了未知地区。

to start to sell things to an area or country, or to have an influence there

打进〔某地区或国家的市场〕

Few U.S. companies have successfully penetrated the Japanese electronics market.

很少有美国公司成功打入日本电子产品市场。

to succeed in becoming accepted into a group or an organization, sometimes in order to find out their secrets

KGB agents had penetrated most of their intelligence services.

克格勃特工已渗透到他们大部分的情报部门。

Science has penetrated the mysteries of nature.

科学已揭开了大自然的奥秘。

〔困难地〕被（ …）理解

What could I say that would [penetrate](bold) his thick [skull](bold)?

我该说什么才能让他这个呆瓜明白呢？

if a man penetrates someone, he puts his penis into a woman’s vagina or into someone’s anus when having sex

to see into or through something when this is difficult

〔努力〕透过 …看见，看穿


penguin

a large black and white Antarctic sea bird, which cannot fly but uses its wings for swimming


peninsula

a piece of land almost completely surrounded by water but joined to a large area of land


penny

→ [halfpenny](->halfpenny) [spend a penny](bold) at → [spend](->spend) 1 sense 5 [cost a pretty penny](bold) at → [pretty](->pretty) 2 sense 6

a small unit of money in Britain. There are 100 pence in one pound

便士〔英国货币单位，100便士合1英镑〕

我只剩几个一便士硬币了。

a coin that is worth one cent in the US or Canada. One hundred pennies are equal to $1.

一分钱硬币〔美国或加拿大货币，100分合1美元〕

a British unit of money or coin used until 1971. There were 12 pennies in one shilling

便士〔英国1971年前使用的货币单位或硬币，12便士合1先令〕

used to emphasize that someone has no money or that something did not cost any money

〔某人〕一个便士也没有，一文不名；〔某物〕不花一分钱

It didn’t [cost](bold) me [a penny](bold).

He died [without a penny to](bold) his [name](bold).

〔一笔钱的〕每分钱，所有的钱

The hotel was expensive but it was [worth every penny](bold).

那家酒店很贵，但每分钱都花得很值。

He was determined to go to Australia even if it took every penny of his savings.

他下定决心，即使花掉所有积蓄也要去澳大利亚。

used to say that money is needed and even a small amount is important

Every penny counts in the battle to save the rain forests.

在拯救热带雨林的战斗中，每一分钱都很重要。

She’s [down to](bold) her [last penny](bold).

a penny for your thoughts/a penny for them

used to ask someone who is silent what they are thinking about

你在想什么〔用于询问沉默不语的人〕

used to say that because you are already involved in something, you will complete it whatever time, money, or effort is needed

一不做，二不休；有始有终

Oh well, it’s done now. In for a penny, in for a pound.

哎呀，现在干完了，有始有终嘛。

used to say that someone has finally understood something that they had not understood before

to be very common and easy to get, or cheap – used to show disapproval

廉价而易得，不值钱〔含贬义〕

if someone you dislike turns up like a bad penny, they appear when they are not wanted


pension

He's got another ten years before he draws his pension.

She went to the post office every week to collect her pension.

(=pay money regularly so that you will have a pension later)

They have been unable to pay into a pension.

(=make arrangements to have a pension later)

People were encouraged to take out private pensions.

State old age pensions were introduced in 1908.

Many workers lost their retirement pensions when the fund collapsed.

They argued that the state pension should rise in line with average earnings.

I've been paying into the company pension scheme for 20 years.

(=one that you arrange with a private pension company)

The percentage of the workforce with a private pension has declined.

You can make additional pension contributions.

(=when you pay money regularly so that you will have a pension later)

They can't afford to make adequate pension provision for themselves.

Most men stayed in their jobs until pension age.

an amount of money paid regularly by the government or company to someone who does not work anymore, for example because they have reached the age when people stop working or because they are ill

At what age can you start [drawing](bold) your [pension](bold)?

从多少岁可以开始领取养老金？

If you are self-employed, you should think about [taking out](bold) a [private pension](bold).

如果你是自由职业者，应该考虑办理私人养老金事宜。

Many people find it hard to live on a basic [state pension](bold).

许多人发现仅凭国家基本养老金很难养活自己。

She [pays](bold) a quarter of her salary [into](bold) a [pension plan](bold).

她将工资的四分之一用于养老金计划。


pension

a small cheap hotel in France and some other European countries

〔法国或其他一些欧洲国家中的〕廉价小旅馆


pensioner

领取养老金[退休金]的人

领取养老金[退休金]的老人


people

[People](bold)  is followed by a plural verb: The American people [are](bold) proud of their democracy.
Don’t say: [The American people is proud of its democracy.](strike)

Most people know that smoking causes lung cancer.

Louisa's parents were country folk and believed very much in herbal remedies.

There are still folk around here who remember the old days.

ordinary people, not people who belong to the government or are members of a particular company or organization

This information should be made available to the public.

all the people who live in a particular area

The majority of the population were farmers.

The city has a population of 11 million.

all the people in the world, considered as a group

people in general – used especially when talking about their history or development, or how something affects their existence. Some people think that the word [mankind](bold) seems to make women seem unimportant, and prefer to use [humankind](bold) instead

Travelling into space was a great advance for mankind.

the people who live in a country – a very formal use

It is a country where 80% of the populace live in poverty.

used as the plural of ‘person’ to refer to men, women, and children

people in general, or people other than yourself

[theatre/business etc people](bold)(=people who work or are involved in the theatre etc)

这家酒店里住满了商务人士。

the people who belong to a particular country, race, or area

He pledged that he would never lie to the American people.

他保证绝不对美国人民撒谎。

the Basques, a people of northwestern Spain

巴斯克人，西班牙西北部的一个民族

all the ordinary people in a country or a state, not the government or ruling class

Rice formed the staple food of the [common people](bold).

The party try to portray the prime minister as [a man of the people](bold)(=someone in power who understands or is like ordinary people).

该政党试图把首相描绘成一个亲民的人。

[the people’s party/army etc](bold)(=belonging to or popular with the ordinary people)

used in court cases to represent the government of the US or of a particular state

美国政府，州政府〔用于诉讼案〕

the people that a king or leader rules or leads

〔国王的〕臣民；〔领袖统治的〕人民

The king ordered his people to prepare for war.

国王命令他的臣民准备作战。

the people who work for a person or organization

A manager’s job is to make his or her people feel part of the system.

经理的职责就是让其下属有归属感。

your relatives, especially your parents, grandparents etc

家人，亲属；〔尤指〕父母[祖父母等]

used to say that someone is the person you would least or most expect to do something

Why should he, of all people, get a promotion?

为什么偏偏是他应该获得晋升呢？

You of all people should have known better.

在所有人中你本应该是最清楚的。

used to get the attention of a group of people


people

if a country or area is peopled by people of a particular type, they live there

居住在〔某个国家或地区〕

住着吃苦耐劳、在海上讨生活的人的一座岛屿

if a story or someone’s imagination is peopled by people of a particular type, it is full of them

〔某种类型的人〕充斥于〔故事或想象〕

Her world was peopled with imaginary friends.

她的世界里充满了想象出来的朋友。


pepper

a powder that is used to add a hot taste to food

→ [black pepper](->black pepper) → [white pepper](->white pepper)

a hollow red, green, or yellow vegetable, eaten either raw or cooked with other food

→ [sweet pepper](->sweet pepper) → [cayenne pepper](->cayenne pepper) → [red pepper](->red pepper)


pepper

if something is peppered with things, it has a lot of those things in it or on it

穿插了许多有趣故事的演讲

The surface of the Moon is peppered with craters.

[Pepper](bold)  is usually passive in this meaning.

if bullets pepper something, they hit it several times

Machine gun fire peppered the front of the building.

机枪的火力不断攻击大楼的正面。

to ask someone a lot of questions, one after the other

记者们连珠炮似的向他发问。

将胡椒粉均匀地撒在牛排上。


per

→ [per annum](->per annum) → [per capita](->per capita)

The park attracts four million visitors per year.

那座公园每年吸引400万游客。

[miles/kilometres per hour](bold)(=used for measuring speed)

成人门票每位9.95英镑。

My car does 12 miles per litre (=for each litre of petrol).

我的汽车每升汽油跑12英里。

The meal cost $25 [per head](bold)(=for or by each person).

那顿饭人均花费25美元。

The work was carried out as per your instructions.

这项工作是按照您的指示进行的。

used when something annoying happens which has often happened before

〔令人讨厌的事情〕照常，照旧


perceive

[Perceive](bold)  is not used in the progressive. You say: I perceive a slight difference.
Don’t say: [I am perceiving a slight difference.](strike)

to understand or think of something or someone in a particular way

〔以某种方式〕看待，理解

Even as a young woman she had been perceived as a future chief executive.

甚至在年轻时，她就被看成未来的总裁。

Often what is perceived to be aggression is simply fear.

看起来气势汹汹的表现往往只是恐惧而已。

Children who do badly in school tests often perceive themselves to be failures.

That morning, he perceived a change in Franca’s mood.

那天早上，他注意到弗兰卡情绪的变化。

He perceived that there was no other way out of the crisis.

他认为没有其他办法可以摆脱危机。


percent

BrE also: [per cent](bold)  [adj](bold) [adv](bold)

equal to five, ten etc parts out of a total of 100 parts

a company with a 40 percent stake in the project

在那个项目中拥有40%股份的公司

我百分之百同意你的看法。


percent

an amount equal to five, ten etc parts out of a total of 100 parts

80%的人口参加了投票。

→
        [Percent](bold) is only used after a number. If you are referring more generally to part of an amount, use [percentage](bold)[A high percentage (NOT percent) of the population was illiterate.](italic)


percentage

A high percentage of our students pass the exam.

Only a small percentage of people suffer from the allergy.

We get a significant percentage of our oil from Nigeria and Angola.

The party increased its share of the vote by almost 4 percentage points.

Poorer pensioners experienced the greatest percentage increase in their pensions.

The quantity of carbon dioxide was, in percentage terms, extremely small.

The number is expressed as a percentage of the total population of the country.

an amount expressed as if it is part of a total which is 100

The percentage of school leavers that go to university is about five per cent.

Tax is paid as a percentage of total income.

税款是按照总收入的百分比支付的。

A high percentage of married women have part-time jobs.

已婚妇女兼职的比例很高。

Interest rates fell by six [percentage points](bold)(=6%).

The numbers are small [in percentage terms](bold)(=when calculated as a percentage).

按百分比来看，这些数字很小。

Crime figures showed significant percentage increases.

犯罪数量的百分比有显著增加。

If the noun that follows [a percentage of ](bold)  is plural, use a plural verb after it: Only a small percentage of [people are](bold) interested in politics.

She gets a percentage for every record sold.

每卖出一张唱片她都可得到一份提成。

used to say that doing something is not going to help or be useful


perception

the way you think about something and your idea of what it is like

the [public perception](bold) of the government’s performance

the way that you notice things with your senses of sight, hearing etc

the natural ability to understand or notice things quickly

洞察力；理解能力；感知能力

Ross shows unusual perception for a boy of his age.

罗斯所表现出的洞察力对于他这个年纪的男孩来说是很不寻常的。


perch

to be in a position on top of something or on the edge of something

a house perched on a cliff above the town

一幢位于悬崖之上俯瞰城镇的房屋

to sit on top of something or on the edge of something

（使自己）坐在某物的上面[边上]

Bobby had perched himself on a tall wooden stool.

博比坐到了一张高高的木凳上。

if a bird perches on something, it flies down and sits on it


perch

a high place or position, especially one where you can sit and watch something

高位，高处〔尤指人可以坐着看某事物的地方〕

She watched the parade from her perch on her father’s shoulders.

她骑在父亲的肩上观看游行。

a type of fish that lives in lakes and rivers


perfect

→ [perfectly](->perfectly) [practice makes perfect](bold) at → [practice](->practice) sense 9 → [present perfect](->present perfect) → [past perfect](->past perfect)

used about something that is very good in every way, and could not be better

We had a wonderful vacation - the weather was perfect.

so good that you cannot find anything wrong with it – used especially about someone’s behaviour, taste, or experience

The food was excellent and the service impeccable.

a man of impeccable manners, charm, and sensibility

her mother's impeccable taste in clothing

The commission was composed of economists with impeccable credentials very impressive qualifications and experience, which are impossible to criticize.

an unspoiled area has not been changed or had ugly buildings, roads etc built on it

a beautiful area of unspoiled countryside

completely suitable for something or someone

It’s the perfect place to relax after a hard day at work.

It was a perfect day for going to the beach.

very suitable and exactly what you want – often used about someone or something that you imagine, but which does not really exist

The weather was just right for a day at the beach.

Cold lemonade is just the thing on a hot day.

The old bottle was very dark blue and quite perfect.

His collection included an almost perfect skeleton of an armadillo.

So many excellent writers, for example Byron and Keats, were less than perfect spellers.

The weather conditions were far from perfect.

not having any mistakes, faults, or damage

完美的，完好的，十全十美的

You’re very lucky to have perfect teeth.

你能拥有一口完美的牙齿太幸运了。

[In a perfect world](bold), we wouldn’t need an army.

在理想世界中，我们不需要军队。

as good as possible, or the best of its kind

a perfect example of Gothic architecture

[perfect timing](bold)(=used when something happens at exactly the right time)

Good, you’re home. Perfect timing – dinner’s on the table.

好极了，你回来啦。正好，晚饭摆上桌了。

exactly what is needed for a particular purpose, situation, or person

That’s perfect! Just the way I wanted it to look.

那太完美了！正是我想要的样子。

Crusty bread is the perfect accompaniment to this soup.

脆皮面包是这种汤的绝配。

[perfect way/place/time etc to do sth](bold)

She thought she’d found the perfect place to live.

她觉得自己找到了理想的住所。

[perfect day/place/person etc for sth](bold)

said when you are answering someone who has criticized you or someone else

我是犯了个错误！人无完人嘛。

used to emphasize that it is reasonable for someone to do something

He has a perfect right to know what’s happening.

他完全有理由了解目前发生的事情。

used to emphasize that someone has a particular quality completely

完全陌生的人/十足的傻瓜/十足的好人等

我觉得自己是个十足的傻瓜。

a very bad event that happens because a number of things happen at the same time, which is unusual

完美风暴〔指多种因素意外共同作用促成一场灾祸发生〕

The economy has been hit by a perfect storm.

经济遭到了一场完美风暴的打击。


perfect

to make something as good as you are able to

Mock trials help students perfect their legal skills.

模拟庭审有助于学生们完善自己的法律技能。


perfect

the form of a verb which is used when talking about a period of time up to and including the present. In English, it is formed with ‘have’ and the past participle.


perfection

My father expected perfection from all of us.

父亲期望我们都尽善尽美。


perfectly

completely – used to emphasize what you are saying

完全地，十足地〔用于强调〕

It’s perfectly normal to be nervous before a performance.

演出之前觉得紧张再正常不过了。

You can get a perfectly good coat at Sears for a lot less money.

你可以少花很多钱在西尔斯百货商店买到一件非常好的外套。


perform

What skills do you need to perform this task?

Over 6,000 people in our community of 100,000 perform volunteer work.

Part of the Chemistry exam involves performing an experiment.

The surgeon who performed the operation said it had gone well.

At 3 o'clock, the opening ceremony was performed by the Queen.

Our troops are performing a remarkable service and a terribly important mission.

The two organizations perform similar functions.

The children sing and perform the actions to nursery songs.

I'm prepared to work hard to get the job done but I can't perform miracles.

to do something to entertain people, for example by acting a play or playing a piece of music

Chenier and the band are performing at the Silver Palace tomorrow.

车尼尔和乐队明天将在银宫演出。

The children perform two plays each school year.

孩子们一学年表演两部话剧。

→ Do not use [perform](bold) to say what person an actor pretends to be in a play, film etc. Use [play](bold)[John Wayne played (NOT performed) a Roman soldier in the film.](italic)

to do something, especially something difficult or useful

做，执行，履行，实行〔尤指有难度或有用的事〕

Surgeons performed an emergency operation.

外科医生做了一个急诊手术。

The official opening ceremony was performed by Princess Margaret.

官方开幕式由玛格丽特公主主持。

[perform a study/experiment/analysis etc](bold)

An analysis of the survey data was performed.

She was fired for not performing the duties outlined in her contract.

由于没有履行合同中规定的职责，她被解雇了。

software that performs a specific function

The leadership cannot be expected to [perform miracles](bold)(=improve a situation in a way that seems impossible).

不要指望这个领导班子能化腐朽为神奇。

In everyday English, people usually say that someone [carries out](bold)  an operation, a study etc rather than use [perform](bold) :

The operation was [carried out](bold) by a team of surgeons.

Many religious schools perform well academically.

许多教会学校学业成绩非常好。

那支球队星期六表现很差。

if a product, business etc performs well or badly, it makes a lot of money or very little money

〔产品、生意等〕经营得好/不好等


performance

Samuel Jackson gives a terrific performance as Elijah.

In the role of Carmen, Ms Leblanc delivered a quite exquisite performance.

We can go to the evening performance if you prefer.

The Princess attended a performance of The Magic Flute at the London Coliseum.

There are fine performances by Kathy Bates and Daryl Hannah.

There were memorable performances from Madonna and U2.

Rogers gave a brilliant performance of Chopin’s Piano Concerto No. 1.

He delivered a virtuoso performance as The Phantom Of The Opera.

(=one performed for people who are watching)

This is the band’s first live performance since last year.

(=one performed by a single musician, not a group)

Young’s solo performances are often his most effective.

England needs to produce another good performance against France.

The performance of the retail sector continues to be strong.

Why is his performance in school so poor?

The country’s recent economic performance has been disappointing.

The team must improve on Saturday’s lacklustre performance.

Its economic performance has not matched that of other countries.

Our overall financial performance has improved.

These changes significantly improve the performance of the engine.

Tiger Woods produced one of the best performances of his career.

Liverpool put in a marvellous performance in the second half.

Banks assess the performance and prospects of firms before lending.

The children's performance at school is continually monitored.

(=things that show how well someone or something is doing)

We use a set of performance indicators to assess the level of progress.

Several train operators failed to meet the performance targets.

when someone performs a play or a piece of music

Their performance of Mozart’s Concerto in E flat was finely controlled and dramatic.

他们演奏的莫扎特《降E大调协奏曲》张弛有度，不同凡响。

This evening’s performance will begin at 8.00 pm.

how well or badly a person, company etc does a particular job or activity

Sean’s performance at school has greatly improved.

肖恩在学校的表现进步很大。

I was impressed by the team’s performance.

该队的表现让我印象深刻。

The country’s economic performance so far this year has been good.

到目前为止，该国今年的经济状况很好。

Shareholders blamed him for the company’s [poor performance](bold).

股民认为他应对公司业绩不佳负责。

her [disappointing performance](bold) in the Olympics

Exam results are used as [performance indicators](bold)(=things that show how well something is done) for schools.

学校将考试成绩当成衡量学生表现的指标。

the act of doing a piece of work, duty etc

〔工作、职责等的〕履行，执行

The car’s performance on mountain roads was impressive.

这辆汽车在山路上的性能令人惊叹。

an imaging system using [high-performance](bold)(=very effective) technology

运用高性能技术的成像系统

a process that takes a lot of unnecessary time and effort

Shopping at the markets turned out to be quite a performance.

在那些市场购物原来这么麻烦。


performer

an actor, musician etc who performs to entertain people

He was a better songwriter than performer.

他更擅长写歌，而不是演唱。

someone who does a particular job or activity well or badly

〔工作或活动中〕表现良好/出色/糟糕等的人

Star performers are rewarded with bonuses.

a product, business etc that makes a lot of money, or that makes very little money

畅销/滞销产品；经营出色/很糟的生意

Newcastle Brown Ale is an outstanding performer in the British beer market.

纽卡斯尔棕啤在英国啤酒市场很畅销。


perfume

Jody sprayed herself with some of her mother’s perfume.

It seemed to Polly that Sasha always left the bathroom reeking of horrible perfume.

Her coat smelt of cheap perfume and cigarettes.

I don't like wearing very strong perfume.

She smelled of a heavy perfume he associated with his mother.

(=unusual and interesting because it seems foreign)

The dancer left a waft of exotic perfume in the air.

He bought her a bottle of expensive French perfume.

He gave me a bottle of my favourite perfume.

As she lifted the letter, she caught the faintest hint of perfume.

She breathed in the sweet perfume of the roses.

In early summer, lilacs finally open and release their heady perfume.

The flowers have a delicate perfume similar to cowslips.

a liquid with a strong pleasant smell that women put on their skin or clothing to make themselves smell nice

She was [wearing](bold) the [perfume](bold) that he’d bought her.


perfume

to make a place have a sweet pleasant smell

丁香花的香气弥漫在空气中。


perhaps

used to say that something may be true, but you are not sure

It won’t take so long next time, perhaps.

‘I don’t think you understand.’ ‘Well, [perhaps not](bold).’

“我想你不明白。” “嗯，也许吧。”

In everyday English, people usually use [may](bold)  or [might](bold)  rather than use [perhaps it/she/they etc will](bold) :

used to give your opinion, when you do not want to be too definite

也许〔用于表达不十分确定的观点〕

这或许是她迄今为止最好的一部小说。

The industrial revolution was, perhaps, the most important event in history.

工业革命也许是历史上最重要的事件。

used to say that a number is only a guess

也许，可能〔用于表示某个数字仅仅是猜测〕

The room was large, perhaps 20 feet square.

这个房间很大，可能有20英尺见方。

used to politely ask or suggest something, or say what you are going to do

也许，或许〔用于表示礼貌的请求或建议，或表达自己将做什么〕

I thought perhaps we’d have lunch in the garden.

我想或许我们可以在花园里吃午餐。


peril

great danger, especially of being harmed or killed

巨大的危险〔尤指受损或被杀〕

They put their own lives in peril to rescue their friends.

他们不顾自身安危去营救朋友。

经济目前处于严重危机中。

a voyage that was [fraught with peril](bold)(=full of danger)

a danger or problem in a particular activity or situation

〔某活动或情况的〕危险，凶险

used to say that what someone is intending to do is dangerous or could cause them problems

做某事要自担风险〔用于告诫某人他打算做的事情很危险〕

Politicians ignore this issue at their peril.

政客们无视这个问题就要自担风险。


period

a particular time in history, especially one studied as a subject

During that period many people moved from the countryside to the towns.

The 1960s were a time of great social change.

Verdun was an important city in Roman times.

a long period, especially one that represents a particular stage in the development of civilization or technology

the Stone Agewhen people used tools made of stone

a long period that has a particular character or that is marked by particular events

We live in an era of breathtaking change.

De Gaulle’s death marked the end of an era.

means the same as [era](bold), but sounds more formal and important

We are now entering a new epoch in human history.

He lived for a short period in Manchester.

From May, the site will be open to the public for a limited period.

A tourist visa allows you to stay for a fixed period.

The painting had been loaned to the gallery for an indefinite period.

They studied the behaviour of the ocean during a five year period.

(=a time in which you try something to see if it is good)

We could introduce the system for a trial period.

Over a period of time, this pressure can damage the fibres of the carpet.

a particular length of time with a beginning and an end

Tomorrow’s weather will be dry with sunny periods.

明天天气干燥，间或晴朗。

His playing improved in a very short [period of time](bold).

他的演奏水平在很短时间内就有了提高。

The drug was tested over a five-week period.

那种药品进行了为期五周的试验。

They adopted the system for a [trial period](bold)(=time in which something is tested to see if it works well).

那套系统他们试用了一段时间。

a particular time in someone’s life or in history

the behaviour of children during the period of adolescence

the flow of blood that comes from a woman’s body each month

I was 12 years old when I [started](bold) my [periods](bold).

the mark (.) used in writing to show the end of a sentence or of an abbreviation

one of the equal parts that the school day is divided into

one of the equal parts that a game is divided into in a sport such as ice hockey

The Bruins scored twice in the first period.

棕熊队在第一节两次得分。

used to emphasize that you have made a decision and that you do not want to discuss the subject any more

就这样定了！〔用于表示已作出决定，不想再讨论某话题〕


period

clothes, furniture etc in the style of a particular time in history

具有时代特色的服装/家具等


periodic

ˌpɪəriˈɒdɪk◂

[periodically](bold) /-kli/  adv. eg: Teachers meet periodically to discuss progress.

also: [periodical](bold)  [adj](bold) <[only before noun](bold)>

happening a number of times, usually at regular times


peripheral

not as important as other things or people in a particular activity, idea, or situation

a diplomat who had a peripheral role in the negotiations

在谈判中发挥辅助作用的外交官

Her involvement in the case was peripheral.

The romance is peripheral to the main plot of the movie.

这段恋情是电影主要情节之外的支线。

in the outer area of something, or relating to this area

（在 …）外围[周边，边缘]的

your ability to see things to the side of you when you look straight ahead

peripheral equipment can be connected to a computer and used with it

〔计算机设备〕外围的，外部的


peripheral

a piece of equipment that is connected to a computer and used with it, for example a printer


permanent

[permanence](bold) also: permanency  n. <U> eg: the permanence of parental love eg: our desire for some sense of permanence

continuing forever, for a very long time, or for the rest of your life

She has permanent damage to her eyesight.

the search for a permanent solution to the problem

They’ve offered her the job on a permanent basis.

continuing for a very long time – used especially when something continues to affect someone or something for a long time

The experience left a lasting impression on him.

Things that happen in early childhood can have a lasting effect on your life.

Shelley was to have a lasting influence on him.

Is there any hope for a lasting peace in the Middle East?

continuing so long that you think it will never end – used especially when something needs a lot of effort

Keeping the house clean is a never-ending battle.

a perpetual state or feeling seems to be there all the time – used especially about something that is very annoying, worrying, or tiring

For many working mothers, balancing the demands of children and job is a perpetual challenge.

The people live in a perpetual state of fear.

continuing forever – used especially in the following phrases

She has my eternal gratitudeI will always be grateful to her.

You’re always the eternal optimist. you always think that good things will happen

continuing to exist for a long time or for all the time in the future

He gave up a permanent job in order to freelance.

他放弃了固定工作，为的是当一名自由职业者。

a permanent change in your eating habits

The blindness that the disease causes will be permanent.

这种疾病引起的失明是永久性的。

Miller soon became a [permanent fixture](bold)(=someone or something that is always there) on the team.

米勒很快就成为球队的主力队员。


permanently

The accident left him permanently disabled.


permission

→ [planning permission](->planning permission)

[Permission](bold)  is normally used as an uncountable noun: Permission was granted for the interview.
Don’t say: [a permission was granted](strike)  [the permission was granted](strike)

The plural form[ permissions](bold)  is also sometimes used when talking about official written statements allowing someone to do something: The company needs to obtain all the necessary permissions before it can start drilling for oil.

They did not have permission to build on the land.

Tommy asked for permission to go to the bathroom.

Captain Miller requested permission to land.

The company has applied for permission to drill for oil.

also: obtain/receive permission (formal)

We'll need to get permission to film in the museum.

You must obtain permission from the owners before viewing the property.

The city authorities gave permission for the rally to take place.

In 1961, he was granted permission to emigrate to Israel.

Betty's father refused her permission to attend the dance.

People wanting to visit the island have to seek permission from the authorities.

You'll need written permission from your parents first.

Doctors need written permission from the patient before they can operate.

The paintings cannot be taken out of Russia without special permission.

Mr Murphy was granted official permission to travel to North Korea.

(=official permission to build a new building or change an existing one)

The bank has applied for planning permission to redevelop a 1¼-acre site.

He is not to leave without my express permission.

Pages should not be copied without the permission of the publisher.

With your permission, I'd like to talk to your son alone.

(=used for thanking someone for allowing something)

This photograph is reproduced by kind permission of Country Living.

if you have permission to do something, you are officially allowed to do it

You'll have to get permission from your parents if you want to come.

你想来的话要得到你父母的同意。

The Council refused permission for the development.

Photographs should only be taken [with the permission of](bold) the subject.


permit

Something [ is permitted](bold) : Working from home is permitted.

Someone [is permitted to do](bold)  something: Employees are permitted to work from home.

Someone [is permitted](bold)  something: Women were not permitted a vote.

[Permit](bold)  is usually used in the passive in this meaning.

You [allow](bold)  someone [to do](bold)  something: Her boss allows her to work from home.

Something [is allowed](bold) : Working from home is allowed.

Someone [is allowed](bold)  something: You are allowed one piece of hand luggage.

[Allow](bold)  is often used in the passive.

You [let ](bold)  someone [do](bold)  something: Her boss lets her work from home.
Don’t say: [let someone to do something](strike)

[Let](bold)  is not used in the passive.

[past tense and past participle](italic) [permitted](bold) [present participle](italic) [permitting](bold)

to allow something to happen, especially by an official decision, rule, or law

〔尤指根据正式决定、规章或法律〕允许，准许，许可

Smoking is only permitted in the public lounge.

只允许在公共休息室里抽烟。

As a punishment, she was not permitted to attend any school activities.

作为惩罚，不允许她参加学校的任何活动。

The bill would permit workers 12 weeks of unpaid leave for family emergencies.

那项法案将允许工人在家中遭遇紧急事件时享有12周的无薪假期。

He had more than the permitted level of alcohol in his blood.

他血液中的酒精含量超出了允许的水平。

[Permit](bold)  is a formal word, which is used especially about someone being officially allowed to do something. In everyday situations, people usually say [let sb do sth](bold)  or [allow sb to do sth](bold) :

His parents won’t [let](bold) him watch TV after ten o'clock.

to make it possible for something to happen

The large windows permit a clear view of the lake.

宽大的窗户使得湖面风光尽收眼底。

The moon permitted me to see a little way into the distance.

月光让我能看到距离稍远的地方。

I’ll see you after the meeting, [if time permits](bold)(=if it finishes early enough).

如果时间允许，会后我来见你。

We’ll have a picnic at the beach, [weather permitting](bold)(=if the weather is good enough).

天气允许的话，我们将在沙滩上野餐。


permit

Do you have a resident's parking permit?

EU citizens no longer need a permit to work in the UK.

You have to get a special permit in order to visit the Saiq plateau.

Up to ten fishing permits are issued each day.

Hunters are required to obtain a permit.

Farmers must apply for permits to use the new chemicals.

She had problems getting a work permit for the States.

You’ll need to apply for a residential parking permit.

Palestinians have to obtain a travel permit for travel between the West Bank and the Gaza Strip.

also: residency permit ( especially AmE)

(=one that allows you to live in a country)

Residence permits will be limited to five years.

An export permit is required for the export of this timber.

More than 300,000 civilians, in a country of 6 million, have gun permits.

To fish you’ll need a rod licence and a fishing permit.

an official written statement giving you the right to do something

A permit is required for fishing in the canal.

在运河中钓鱼要有许可证。

Hikers need a camping permit for overnight stays in the park.

远足者要在公园过夜必须持野营许可证。


perpetual

[adj](bold) <[usually before noun](bold)>

continuing all the time without changing or stopping

→see THESAURUS at [permanent](->permanent) 1

repeated many times in a way that annoys you

〔令人讨厌地〕一再重复的


perpetuate

[perpetuation](bold) /pəˌpetʃuˈeɪʃ/ US /pər-/  n. <U>

to make a situation, attitude etc, especially a bad one, continue to exist for a long time

使持续，使长久〔尤指不好的事物〕

an education system that perpetuates the divisions in our society

使我们的社会持续分化的一种教育制度


persecution

ˌpɜːsɪˈkjuːʃən

cruel or unfair treatment of someone over a period of time, especially because of their religious or political beliefs

〔尤指宗教或政治方面的〕迫害

the persecution of writers who criticize the government

They are refugees who are fleeing religious persecution.

他们是逃离宗教迫害的难民。


persist

to continue to do something, although this is difficult, or other people oppose it

He persisted in his refusal to admit responsibility.

She persisted with her studies in spite of financial problems.

尽管经济拮据，她还是坚持学业。

‘I don’t think it’s right,’ John persisted.

“我认为那不对。”约翰坚持说道。

You [persist in doing](bold)  something: She persisted in asking the question.
Don’t say: [She persisted to ask the question.](strike)

if something bad persists, it continues to exist or happen

〔不好的事物〕持续，继续存在[发生]

→see THESAURUS at [continue](->continue)

If the pain persists, you must see a doctor.

如果一直痛，你就必须找医生看看了。


persistence

determination to do something even though it is difficult or other people oppose it

Her persistence paid off when she was offered the job of manager.

她得到了经理的职位，不懈坚持终于有了回报。

‘Why can’t I come?’ repeated Will with [dogged persistence](bold).

“我为什么不能去？”威尔不死心地又问了一遍。

when something continues to exist or happen, especially for longer than is usual or desirable

the persistence of high unemployment in the post-war years


persistent

[persistently](bold) adv. eg: persistently low rainfall

continuing to exist or happen, especially for longer than is usual or desirable

continuing to do something, although this is difficult, or other people warn you not to do it

If she hadn’t been so persistent she might not have gotten the job.

假如不是如此执着，她可能得不到这份工作。

[Persistent offenders](bold)(=people who often break the law) face a prison sentence.


person

→ [first person](->first person) → [missing person](->missing person) → [person-to-person](->person-to-person) → [second person](->second person) → [third person](->third person)

The plural of [person ](bold)  is usually [people](bold) : There are 25 people in the class.
Don't say: [There are 25 persons in the class. ](strike)

The plural [persons](bold)  is used in official English, for example in official notices, documents, or statements: All persons born in the United States are citizens of the United States. The maximum number of persons in each group is 14.

a human being, especially considered as someone with their own particular character

He was a very nice person, always pleasant and friendly.

他是个很好的人，始终和善有礼。

The only person who really said anything helpful was Jack.

只有一个人真正说了些有用的话，就是杰克。

David was not the sort of person who found it easy to talk about his feelings.

戴维不是那种善于谈论自己感情的人。

I like her [as a person](bold), but not as a boss.

我喜欢她这个人，但作为老板我就不喜欢了。

I still know quite a lot of people in the village.

我仍然认识村里的很多人。

[city/cat/night etc person](bold)(=someone who likes a particular kind of thing)

if you do something in person, you go somewhere and do it yourself, instead of doing something by letter, asking someone else to do it etc

someone who works in business, who sells things etc

→ [chairperson](->chairperson) → [spokesperson](->spokesperson)

〔身份不明或不说出其名的〕人；某人

The police are appealing for any person who was in the area at this time to contact them.

警方呼吁当时在那个地区的人和他们联系。

murder by [person or persons unknown](bold)

if you have something on or about your person, you have it in your pockets or attached to you

Customs officers found a gun concealed about his person.

海关人员发现他身上藏着一把枪。

used before the name of someone who you have just mentioned in a more general way

名叫某人，即某人〔用于具体说明刚才提及的人〕

I was met by the police in the person of Sergeant Black.

警方派人接我，来的是布莱克警长。


personal

My personal opinion is that the project was started too soon.

All personal belongings should be clearly marked with the owner’s name.

After his suicide, his mother received his personal effects.

What you plant in your garden is ultimately a matter of personal preference.

They stress the importance of a teacher’s personal qualities.

I have had personal experience of unemployment.

It’s important to establish a good personal relationship with the voters.

He took a personal interest in the case.

He bought a computer for his personal use.

(=used when giving your own opinion rather than the opinion of the organization you represent)

On a personal level, it’s been a very positive experience.

I’ve got to maintain a balance between my personal life and my work.

Counselors can give assistance to students with personal problems.

Are you sure your boss doesn’t mind your using the telephone for personal calls?

The company’s chief executive has resigned for personal reasons.

belonging or relating to one particular person, rather than to other people or to people in general

My [personal view](bold) is that we shouldn’t offer him the job.

我个人认为我们不该给他这份工作。

Style and colour are a matter of [personal taste](bold).

款式和颜色是个人爱好问题。

She took full personal responsibility for all the arrangements.

她个人对所有的安排承担全部责任。

When I went to her room all her [personal belongings](bold) had gone.

我到她房间时，她所有的私人物品都已不在了。

After Nelson’s death, his mother received his [personal effects](bold).

尼尔森死后，他母亲接收了他的私人物品。

I know [from personal experience](bold) that you can’t trust Trevor.

根据我的亲身经验，我认为你不能相信特雷弗。

the [personal qualities](bold) needed to be successful in business

生意成功所需要的个人素质

The car is [for personal use](bold) only.

[On a personal level](bold) he felt sympathy for them, but he had a job to do.

从个人角度他很同情他们，但是他有任务在身。

celebrities with their own [personal trainer](bold)

relating to the private areas of your life

→see THESAURUS at [private](->private) 1

I don’t answer questions about my [personal life](bold).

我不回答涉及我私生活的问题。

May I ask you a [personal question](bold)?

我可以问你一个私人问题吗？

the records will include other [personal details](bold) such as nationality, date of birth and address

记录将包含其他个人信息，如国籍、出生日期和地址等。

He’s got a few [personal problems](bold) at the moment.

目前他遇到了一些个人问题。

The envelope was marked ‘Personal and Confidential’.

信封上标着“私人密件”的字样。

We’re not allowed to make personal phone calls at work.

我们不可以在工作时间打私人电话。

involving rude or upsetting criticism of someone

It’s unprofessional to make such personal remarks.

进行这种人身攻击有违职业道德。

a bitter personal attack on the president

There’s no need to [get personal](bold)!

[(it’s) nothing personal](bold)(=used to tell someone that you are not criticizing them)

It’s nothing personal, I just have to go home now.

我无意冒犯，只是我现在必须回家了。

if you give something your personal care or attention, you deal with it yourself instead of asking someone else to do it

Small companies can devote more personal attention to each project.

小公司可以投入更多精力自己处理每个项目。

As you get promoted in a firm you lose that personal contact (=meeting and dealing with people yourself).

在公司升了职便失去了那种和人直接打交道的机会。

someone who you know well, especially a famous or important person

私人朋友〔尤指名人或要人〕

Apparently the director is a personal friend of hers.

那位董事似乎是她的私人朋友。

relating to your body or the way you look

Grant was always fussy about his [personal appearance](bold).

格兰特对自己的仪表总是过于讲究。

the importance of [personal hygiene](bold)

something you do to make something special, or that makes someone feel special

It’s those extra personal touches that make our service better.

正是那些附加的个性化特色为我们的服务锦上添花。

the fastest time, most points etc that a sportsman or sportswoman has ever achieved

I ran 20.51 seconds for a personal best.

我跑出了20.51秒的个人最好成绩。

improvements in your character and skills


personality

ˌpɜːsəˈnæləti

Mercer has a strong personality and always tells you his opinion.

The architect’s forceful personality ensured that the work progressed rapidly.

He had a dominant personality and could be a bit of a bully.

Everyone who knew Roseanne will miss her warm personality.

The job requires someone with an outgoing personality.

He is strikingly handsome with a very engaging personality.

Her bright and bubbly personality made her one of the most popular girls in her year.

Her lively personality won her many admirers.

(=strong and attractive, so that people admire and respect you)

Like many other people, I was attracted by his charismatic personality.

She shares many of her mother’s personality traits.

(=a mental illness affecting someone’s personality)

The hospital treats patients with severe personality disorders.

(=when people cannot work together because they are so different)

The band eventually split because of personality clashes.

Employers are increasingly using personality tests to help them select staff.

someone’s character, especially the way they behave towards other people

Despite their different personalities, they became the best of friends.

尽管个性不同，他们还是成了最好的朋友。

Unfortunately, the illness can lead to changes in personality.

不幸的是，这种病会导致性格变化。

→ [split personality](->split personality)

someone who is very famous and often appears in the newspapers, on television etc, especially an entertainer or sports person

名人〔尤指艺人或运动员〕

one of the most well-liked TV personalities

the qualities of character that make someone interesting or enjoyable to be with

〔使某人有趣、招人喜爱的〕品质，个性

他很老实，但是缺乏个性。

someone who has a very strong character and is very different from other people

He was a dynamic personality in the business world.

他在生意场上是个充满活力的人。

the qualities which make a place or thing different and interesting

It’s partly the architecture which gives the town its personality.

这座城镇的特色部分在于它的建筑。


personally

used to emphasize that you are only giving your own opinion about something

就个人而言；就自己的看法而言

Personally, I don’t think much of the idea.

就个人而言，我认为这个主意不怎么样。

I personally think it’s too cold to go out.

我个人认为太冷了不能出去。

if you do something personally, you do it yourself rather than getting someone else to do it

The managing director wrote personally to thank me.

总经理亲自写信向我表示感谢。

All important work is personally approved by him.

所有重要的工作都由他亲自批准。

used to show that one particular person is involved, rather than a group of people

I’m [holding](bold) you [personally responsible](bold) for this mess!

出了这样的乱子，都是你的责任！

She clearly blamed me personally for the difficulties she’d been having.

对于她遇到的困难，她显然只责怪我一个人。

to get upset by the things other people say or do, because you think that their remarks or behaviour are directed at you in particular

因认为某人的言行针对自己而不快

Don’t take it personally; she’s rude to everyone.

不要生气，这不是针对你，她对谁都很无礼。

I don’t [know](bold) her [personally](bold), but I like her work.

我不认识她本人，但我喜欢她的作品。

in a way that criticizes someone’s character or appearance

Members of the Senate rarely attack each other personally.

参议员彼此间很少进行人身攻击。

in relation to someone’s private life, rather than to their work, business, or official duties

私人地〔与工作、公务等相对〕

She had a lasting impact on his life both personally and professionally.

无论是对他的私人生活还是职业生涯，她都有持久的影响力。


personnel

There have been attacks upon US military personnel.

Security personnel have become more thorough in checking passengers' bags.

There is an acute shortage of medical personnel.

800 technical personnel do the design and development of software.

The unit is staffed by trained personnel.

Organizations need to be able to attract skilled personnel.

It is crucial that senior personnel be on site from at least 8 am to 8 pm.

the people who work in a company, organization, or military force

〔公司、组织或军队中的〕人员；员工，职员

All personnel are to receive security badges.

所有人员都将拿到安保徽章。

the department in a company that chooses people for jobs and deals with their complaints, problems etc

A copy should then be sent to Personnel for our files.

然后必须送一份到人事部供我们存档。


perspective

I like the programme because it gives you a different perspective on world news.

The venture will benefit from their fresh perspective.

Searching through a variety of sources will give them a wider perspective on their subject.

It is important to have a historical perspective when considering these changes.

A global perspective allows firms to spot opportunities and reduce supply costs.

If you look at this from a feminist perspective, things are, in fact, not equal.

Carson's lyrics are definitely written from the human experience, but from a female perspective.

From a Marxist perspective, crime is largely the product of capitalism.

We approach the problem from a Christian perspective.

I think it was a good thing to do, from a business perspective.

the American/Russian/French etc perspective

From the French perspective, therefore, 1934 marks a major turning point.

Everyone seems to have a different perspective on the issue.

A child can only see see the world from his or her own perspective.

A break might give her a better perspective on things.

Their research is concerned with providing an alternative perspective on our past.

Bamford offers a fresh perspective on this ongoing historical debate.

When you get to my age, you get a different perspective on life.

This new evidence put a whole new perspective on the case.

People sometimes lose perspective on what is really important in life.

(=consider something in a sensible way by comparing it with something else, or to help you do this)

I saw their suffering, and it really put my own problems into perspective.

(=judge the importance of something correctly by considering it in relation to other things)

You’ve got to take a wider view and get things in perspective.

I hope we can all keep this issue in perspective.

I felt I needed a break from the relationship in order to keep a sense of perspective.

a way of thinking about something, especially one which is influenced by the type of person you are or by your experiences

〔思考问题的〕角度，观点，想法

His father’s death gave him a whole new perspective on life.

父亲的死使他对生活有了全新的看法。

The novel is written from a child’s perspective.

这部小说是以一个孩子的视角写的。

[from a feminist/Christian/global etc perspective](bold)

We have to look at everything from an international perspective.

我们必须以国际视角来看待一切问题。

a much-needed [historical perspective](bold)

Our work in Uganda and Romania adds a wider perspective.

在乌干达和罗马尼亚的工作经历更加开阔了我们的视角。

a sensible way of judging and comparing situations so that you do not imagine that something is more serious than it really is

〔对事物的〕合理判断，正确认识

I think Viv’s [lost](bold) all [sense of perspective](bold).

我认为维夫已不能明察事理。

The figures have to be [put into perspective](bold).

[get/keep sth in perspective](bold)(=judge the importance of something correctly)

a method of drawing a picture that makes objects look solid and shows distance and depth, or the effect this method produces in a picture

透视（画）法；透视效果，透视感

a view, especially one in which you can see a long way into the distance

〔尤指由近而远的〕景，远景


persuade

to make someone decide to do something, especially by giving them reasons why they should do it, or asking them many times to do it

Do you think you can persuade him to lend us the money?

to persuade someone to do something, especially something they do not really want to do

He finally talked her into going on a date with him.

to make someone do something by persuading or asking them

If we can’t get a taxi I’ll get Joe to pick us up.

to persuade someone that they should do something, because it is the best or the right thing to do. Some British speakers think this use is incorrect, and prefer to use [persuade](bold)

It would be difficult to convince him to move.

to try to persuade someone to do something, especially because you think it will be good for them

Children should be encouraged to read all kinds of books.

to have an effect on what someone decides to do

to persuade someone to do something by talking gently and kindly

to persuade someone to do something by praising them or making promises to them

He hoped to cajole her into selling her house.

to persuade or encourage someone to do something wrong or stupid

How do you dissuade young people from experimenting with drugs?

I finally managed to persuade her to go out for a drink with me.

我终于说服她跟我出去喝一杯。

Don’t let yourself be persuaded into buying things you don’t want.

别禁不住别人的劝说，买些不想要的东西。

I’m trying to persuade your dad to buy some shares.

我正在尽力说服你爸爸买些股票。

Leo wouldn’t agree, despite our efforts to persuade him.

尽管我们努力想说服利奥，但他还是不同意。

He took a lot of persuading to come out of retirement (=it was hard to persuade him).

好说歹说才劝得他同意复出。

to make someone believe something or feel sure about something

She’ll only take me back if I can persuade her that I’ve changed.

只有让她相信我已经改变，她才会跟我重归于好。

McFadden must persuade the jury of her innocence.

麦克法登必须让陪审团相信她是无辜的。


persuasion

the act of persuading someone to do something

After a little [gentle persuasion](bold), Debbie agreed to let us in.

好言劝说了几句后，黛比就同意让我们进去了。

It had taken a great deal of persuasion to get him to accept.

She used all her [powers of persuasion](bold)(=skill at persuading people) to convince Tilly that it was the right thing to do.

她使尽浑身解数，才劝服蒂莉应该那么做。

a particular type of belief, especially a political or religious one

〔尤指政治或宗教的〕信仰，信念

We need people with talent, whatever their political persuasions.

我们需要有才华的人，无论他们的政治信仰如何。

of a particular type – often used humorously

…种类的， …派别的〔常为幽默用法〕


persuasive

able to make other people believe something or do what you ask

a persuasive argument against capital punishment


pessimistic

expecting that bad things will happen, or that someone will be unsuccessful

He was pessimistic about the team’s chances of winning the championship.

having an attitude that is not hopeful and not expecting success, or not expecting the situation to improve, especially the economic or political situation

The overall mood in the stock market is decidedly downbeat.

The chairman made some downbeat remarks about the company’s sales performance.

His assessment of the UK’s economic prospects is generally downbeat.

Environmental groups are gloomy about the future of our planet.

The article painted a gloomy picture of the human rights situation in Burma.

considering only the bad qualities of a situation, person etc, and not the good ones

His negative attitude towards work was affecting his colleagues.

to expect a situation to have the worst possible result, because you know how bad the situation could be

I hadn’t heard any news from her for over a week, and I was starting to fear the worst.

used about people who only see the bad qualities of a situation, even when other people might see better qualities in the same situation

He’s one of those people whose glass is always half empty.

expecting that bad things will happen in the future or that something will have a bad result

He remains deeply pessimistic about the peace process.

他对和平进程仍然十分悲观。


pest

a small animal or insect that destroys crops or food supplies

〔毁坏庄稼或食物的〕有害小动物，害虫

用于防治虫害的一种化学品

令人讨厌的人〔尤指孩子〕


pesticide

a chemical substance used to kill insects and small animals that destroy crops


pet

Many species of parrot can be kept as pets.

Cats and other domestic pets give their owners a lot of pleasure.

(=from a foreign country and not seen or found very often)

Often the owners do not know how to care for these exotic pets.

I used to have a pet rabbit when I was young.

Your local pet shop will have a variety of different collars.

During hot summer days, pet owners should keep their pet indoors.

an animal such as a cat or a dog which you keep and care for at home

They [have](bold) two [pets](bold) - a cat and a dog.

他们有两只宠物——一只猫和一只狗。

We weren't allowed to [keep pets](bold) at school.

used when speaking to someone you like or love

宝贝儿〔用于称呼喜欢或所爱的人〕


pet

[past tense and past participle](italic) [petted](bold) [present participle](italic) [petting](bold)

to touch and move your hand gently over someone, especially an animal or a child


pet

a plan, idea, or subject that you particularly like or are interested in

特别喜爱[感兴趣]的计划/理论/话题

something that you strongly dislike because it always annoys you

特别讨厌的事物；极可恶的事物

电视游戏节目是我最讨厌的节目之一。


petal

one of the coloured parts of a flower that are shaped like leaves


petition

Five hundred villagers have signed the petition.

They are drawing up a petition which will be presented to the Archbishop.

Local residents organized a petition against the closure of the library.

A group of pensioners went to London to present the petition.

a petition calling for sth/demanding sth

A petition calling for an inquiry was signed by 15,118 people.

458 local people signed a petition opposing the move.

More than 20,000 signatures were gathered by the petition drive.

a written request signed by a lot of people, asking someone in authority to do something or change something

They wanted me to [sign](bold) a [petition](bold) against experiments on animals.

他们想让我在一份反对用动物做实验的请愿书上签名。

Local residents have [drawn up](bold) a [petition](bold) to protest the hospital closure.

当地居民已草拟了一份请愿书，抗议关闭医院。

[petition drive](bold)([AmE](bold))(=an attempt to get a lot of people to sign a petition)

〔发动民众签名的〕请愿运动

an official letter to a law court, asking for a legal case to be considered

She is threatening to [file](bold) a [petition](bold) for divorce.

她在威胁说要提出离婚诉讼。

a formal prayer or request to someone in authority or to God


petition

to ask the government or an organization to do something by sending them a petition

〔向政府或组织〕请愿，请求

Villagers petitioned the local authority to provide better bus services.

村民请愿要求地方当局提供更好的公共汽车服务。

Residents are petitioning against the new road.

居民们正在请愿抗议修建那条新路。

to make a formal request to someone in authority, to a court of law, or to God

More and more couples are [petitioning for divorce](bold).

申请离婚的夫妻越来越多。


petrol

(=the amount of petrol that you need to fill up a car)

(=a place where you take your car to fill it with petrol)

We'd better stop at the next petrol station.

(=a machine for putting petrol into cars at a petrol station)

(=the part of a car where you put the petrol)

They ran out of petrol some miles from their destination.

Many older vehicles have been converted to run on unleaded petrol.

Try to cut your motoring costs and use less petrol.

a liquid obtained from petroleum that is used to supply power to the engine of cars and other vehicles


petty

[pettiness](bold) n. <U> eg: the pettiness of Hollywood

a petty problem, detail etc is small and unimportant

〔问题、细节等〕小的，琐碎的，不重要的

unkind and caring too much about small unimportant things

小气的，小心眼的，心胸狭窄的；只关注琐事的

a crime that is not serious, for example stealing things that are not very valuable

a criminal whose crimes are not very serious

a petty official is not important – used especially when they use their power as if they were important

〔官员〕不重要的，芝麻绿豆大的〔尤用于摆架子的官员〕

Some petty bureaucrat wanted all the documents in triplicate.

有些小官僚要求所有文件都一式三份。


pharmaceutical

ˌfɑːməˈsjuːtɪkəl◂

ˌfɑːrməˈsuː-

relating to the production of drugs and medicines


pharmacy

a shop or a part of a shop where medicines are prepared and sold

the place where medicines are prepared in a hospital

the study or practice of preparing drugs and medicines

药剂学；制药（学）；配药（学）


phase

one of the stages of a process of development or change

a new drug that is in the experimental phase

The first phase of renovations should be finished by January.

第一阶段的修复工作应于一月份之前完成。

It’s just [a phase](bold) he’s [going through](bold).

这只是他要经历的一个阶段。

Nizan’s views were out of phase with the political climate of the time.

尼藏的观点和当时的政治气候不符。

The electrical work will be carried out in phase with the other renovations.

电工部分将与其他翻修工作同步进行。

one of a fixed number of changes in the appearance of the Moon or a planet  when it is seen from the Earth

〔月亮或行星的〕相，相位


phase

[Phase (in/out)](bold)  is usually passive.

to make something happen gradually in a planned way

使逐步进行，使分阶段进行

The closure of the regional offices was phased over an 18-month period.

地区事务所在18个月内逐步关闭。


phenomenal

[phenomenally](bold) adv. eg: The group have been phenomenally successful in Europe.

the [phenomenal success](bold) of computer games in recent years

近年来电脑游戏的惊人成功

California had experienced a phenomenal growth in population.

加利福尼亚经历了惊人的人口增长。

He has learned a phenomenal amount in the last two years.

他在过去的两年中学到了太多的东西。


phenomenon

The idea that we may be able to live forever is is not a new phenomenon.

Detailed food labelling is a fairly recent phenomenon.

Cloudy water is a common phenomenon in new aquariums.

Planes have occasionally disappeared in midair, but this is a rare phenomenon.

What could explain this strange phenomenon?

Natural phenomena such as the appearance of comets intrigued him.

(=ones that appear to be against the laws of nature)

Ghosts are one example of paranormal phenomena.

(=relating to the power of the human mind to do strange things)

something that happens or exists in society, science, or nature, especially something that is studied because it is difficult to understand

〔社会、科学、自然界中存在的难以理解的〕现象

Homelessness is not a [new phenomenon](bold).

无家可归已不是什么新现象。

Language is a social and cultural phenomenon.

语言是一种社会文化现象。

something or someone that is very unusual because of a rare quality or ability that they have

非凡的人[事物]；奇才；奇事