philosopher

someone who studies and develops ideas about the nature and meaning of existence, truth, good and evil etc

Plato, Aristotle, and other Greek philosophers

柏拉图、亚里士多德和其他希腊哲学家

someone who thinks deeply about the world, life etc


philosophical

ˌfɪləˈsɒfɪkəl◂

also: [phil‧o‧soph‧ic](bold) /-ˈsɒfɪk
        ˈsɑː-/  [adj](bold)

the philosophical problem of whether there is free will

关于是否有自由意志的哲学问题

calmly accepting a difficult or unpleasant situation which cannot be changed

Some old people are philosophical about death.

有些老年人把死亡看得很淡。

He was by nature a philosophical person.


philosophy

→ [natural philosophy](->natural philosophy)

the study of the nature and meaning of existence, truth, good and evil etc

the views of a particular philosopher or group of philosophers

the attitude or set of ideas that guides the behaviour of a person or organization

人生哲学；生活[工作]准则

The company explained their management philosophy.

公司阐述了他们的管理原则。

The idea that you should treat others as you would like them to treat you is a fine [philosophy of life](bold).

希望别人怎样对你，你就怎样对待别人，这是很好的处世原则。


phone

My wife was talking to someone on the phone.

The nearest telephone was in the school secretary’s office.

a telephone that you can carry with you, that works by using a network of radio stations to pass on signals

Even children as young as eight have mobile phones.

a system that records messages so that you can listen to them on your phone

a message from someone that you can read on your mobile phone

a telephone that uses wires – used when comparing this with a mobile phone

Calls cost 25p from a landline, more from a mobile phone.

the part of a telephone that you pick up to listen and talk

She put down the receiver and started crying.

I only remembered his name after I had put the phone down.

(=put it down hard, because you are angry)

I was so mad I just slammed the phone down.

We spoke earlier on the phone, if you remember.

I’m sorry, she can’t come to the phone right now.

I was on the phone to my mother all morning.

Larry, tell Rosemary that she’s wanted on the phone.

I called her on the phone and invited her to Las Vegas.

We got on the phone to the hospital straight away.

Listeners jammed the phone lines, demanding to hear the song.

(=one that provides a telephone service)

Neither man denies the phone conversation took place.

(=the person you are calling is already speaking to someone else)

I tried you earlier, but your phone was engaged.

(=the phone line stops working or is not working)

Before he could reply, the phone suddenly went dead.

(=it cannot be used because it is not connected or is already being used)

On Friday nights we just take the phone off the hook and relax.

Much of his work is done [by phone](bold).

他的工作大部分是通过电话进行的。

I wish Amy would get [off the phone](bold).

我真希望埃米别再打电话了。

→ [cellphone](->cellphone) → [mobile phone](->mobile phone) → [pay phone](->pay phone)

You say: She’s on the phone. She’s talking on her phone.
Don’t say: [at the phone](strike)

the part of a telephone into which you speak

He [put the phone down on](bold) me(=ended the call before I had finished speaking).

我还没说完他就挂了电话。


phone

to speak to someone by telephone. [Phone ](bold)is more common in British English than American English

to phone someone. [Call](bold) is used in both British and American English

to phone someone. [ Ring](bold) is more informal than [phone](bold) or [call](bold)

If you ever come to Seattle, give me a call.

I’ll give the hospital a ring and see how he is.

Angry listeners telephoned the BBC to complain.

to make a telephone call using special software that allows you to make calls over the Internet

I Skyped her last night and we spoke for hours.

also: [phone up](bold)  [v](bold) <[I,T](bold)>

他们为什么没给警察打电话？

Stevie phoned to say that he was going to be late.

史蒂维打来电话说他要迟到了。

I kept phoning her up, asking to meet her.

我不断给她打电话，要求见她一面。

Tell him to phone back (=telephone again at a later time) tomorrow.

→ You do not ‘phone to’ someone or ‘phone to’ a number. [Phone](bold) is followed immediately by a noun or number[She phoned her friend Judy.](italic)[Phone 01279–623772 and ask to speak to Elaine.](italic)


photo

There is a black and white photo of Sly Stone on the wall of their flat.

A small framed photo of his girlfriend sits on a bookcase.

She took every picture of her ex-husband out of the family photo album.

我要寄一张萨米的照片给妈妈。

Can you [take](bold) a [photo](bold) of me and Rachel?

你能给我和雷切尔拍张照吗？


photocopy

ˈfəʊtəʊˌkɒpi

ˈfoʊtəˌkɑːpi

a photographic copy, especially of something printed, written, or drawn

I sent him the original document, not a photocopy.

我寄给他的是原件，不是复印件。


photocopy

[photocopying](bold) n. <U> eg: Could you [do](bold) some [photocopying](bold) for me tomorrow?

[past tense and past participle](italic) [photocopied](bold) [present participle](italic) [photocopying](bold) [third person singular](italic) [photocopies](bold)

to make a photographic copy of something

Leave the papers with me and I’ll get them photocopied.

把文件留给我，我来复印。


photograph

In everyday English, people usually say [photo](bold)  or [picture](bold)  rather than [photograph](bold) :

Visitors are not allowed to take photographs inside the museum.

I saw her picture in the paper the other day.

a photograph that you take quickly and without thinking carefully about how it will look, for example when you are on holiday

She showed me a snapshot of her three children.

a photograph – used especially by people who often take photographs

a photograph that has been printed on photographic paper

I got some brilliant photographs of the desert.

The book is fully illustrated with colour photographs.

On the desk was a framed photograph of a woman.

He keeps a signed photograph of Bill Clinton in his office.

Your wedding photographs will keep the memories of the big day alive for you.

Aerial photographs can be used to locate archaeological sites.

All her life she kept a faded photograph of him in his army uniform.

He was shown a blurred photograph, taken from a moving car.

I stared at the grainy newspaper photograph, searching for my mother.

(=used about a black and white photograph that has shades of brown, in a way that is typical of old photographs)

an 1854 sepia photograph of Jonathan Pickering, the company founder

Mama kept a photograph album full of pictures of her family.

also: [photo](bold) (informal)  [n](bold) <[C](bold)>

a picture obtained by using a camera and film that is sensitive to light

我真希望自己有一张托马斯的照片。

He [took](bold) a [photograph](bold) of the hotel.

他拍了一张那家酒店的照片。

Tim was looking through an old [photograph album](bold)(=book in which you put photographs).

Did you see Leo’s photograph (=a photograph of Leo) in the newspaper?

你看到报纸上利奥的照片了吗？


photograph

to take a photograph of someone or something

He stood by the tree to be photographed.

他站在树旁准备让人拍照。

In everyday English, people usually say [take a photo](bold)  or [take a picture of someone or something ](bold) rather than [photograph someone or something](bold) :

She agreed to let me [take her photo](bold).

He stood there waiting to [have his picture taken](bold).


photographer

someone who takes photographs, especially as a professional or as an artist

摄影者〔尤指专业摄影师或艺术家〕


photographic

ˌfəʊtəˈɡræfɪk◂

relating to photographs, using photographs, or used in producing photographs

The software allows you to scan photographic images on your personal computer.


photography

the art, profession, or method of producing photographs or the scenes in films

He did fashion photography for ‘Vogue’ magazine.

他为《时尚》杂志拍过时装照片。


phrasal verb

a group of words that is used like a verb and consists of a verb with an adverb or preposition after it, for example ‘set off’ or ‘look after’. In this dictionary, phrasal verbs are marked ‘phr v’.

短语动词〔本词典中以phr v表示〕


phrase

[to coin a phrase](bold) at → [coin](->coin) 2 sense 2 [a turn of phrase](bold) at → [turn](->turn) 2 sense 11 [turn a phrase](bold) at → [turn](->turn) 1 sense 20

a group of words that have a particular meaning when used together, or which someone uses on a particular occasion

What was the phrase he used to describe her?

The president often used the phrase ‘War on terror’.

a fixed phrase which is used in a language and has a particular meaning

a colloquial expressionan informal expression used in everyday spoken language

The old-fashioned expression ‘in the family way’ means pregnant.

I was absolutely knackered, if you’ll pardon the expressionused when you think someone might be offended by the words you have used.

a group of words that has a special meaning which you cannot guess from the meanings of each separate word

‘Under the weather’ is an idiom which means ‘ill’.

a phrase that is boring and no longer original because people use it a lot

The phrase ‘at the end of the day’ has become a real cliché.

There is some truth in the old cliché that time is a great healer.

a well-known phrase that gives advice about life

Do you know the saying ‘A problem shared is a problem halved’?

There is an old Chinese proverb which states ‘A journey of a thousand miles starts with a single step’.

a short phrase that is easy to remember, especially one that is used in advertising

Protesters were shouting anti-government slogans.

a phrase that expresses a person’s or organization’s beliefs and aims

The school motto was ‘Truth and Honour’.

We all hear the phrase "greenhouse gasses", but do you know what it really means?

Who was it who used that memorable phrase "a monumental error of judgement"?

His conversation is full of colourful phrases.

She creates lifelike characters with a few well-turned phrases.

Who first used the phrase ‘survival of the fittest’?

“适者生存”这一说法最早是谁说的？

Shakespeare’s plays are full of [well-known phrases](bold).

莎士比亚的戏剧中满是名言警句。

a group of words without a finite verb, especially when they are used to form part of a sentence, such as ‘walking along the road’ and ‘a bar of soap’

→ [clause](->clause) sense 2 → [sentence](->sentence) 1 sense 1

a short group of musical notes that is part of a longer piece


phrase

to express something in a particular way

〔以某种方式〕表达，〔以某种措辞〕表述

Polly tried to think how to phrase the question.

波莉在思索这个问题怎么提。

to perform music in order to produce the full effect of separate musical phrases

〔演奏、歌唱时〕分句，划分乐句〔以充分表现每一乐句的效果〕


physical

[physicality](bold) /ˌfɪzɪˈkæləti/  n. <U> eg: the physicality of sport

We all know about the health benefits of physical activity.

There shall be no intentional physical contact between teams.

He had suffered physical abuse at the hands of his parents.

She bravely endured great physical pain.

The murder could have been committed only by a man of enormous physical strength.

You need to work on your physical fitness.

(=condition that makes it difficult for someone to use a part of their body properly)

From birth he has suffered from severe physical disabilities.

(=a physical fault, especially one that only affects the appearance)

Most babies are born without physical defects.

related to someone’s body rather than their mind or emotions

the physical and emotional needs of young adults

people with severe physical disabilities

Don’t be put off by his [physical appearance](bold).

He was obsessed with [physical fitness](bold).

a physical relationship involves sex rather than just friendship

My attraction to him was totally physical.

我对他的迷恋只是肉体上的。

Their physical relationship had never been very good.

他们的性关系始终都不是那么和谐。

someone who is physical likes touching people a lot

〔人〕喜欢触摸人的，喜欢动手动脚的

involving touching someone in a rough or violent way

足球有时候身体对抗很激烈。

I was a bit worried that the argument might become physical.

我有点担心争论可能变成肢体冲突。

relating to real objects that you can touch, see, or feel

They were kept in appalling physical conditions.

他们被关押的环境极其恶劣。

a physical explanation for this phenomenon

对这一现象合乎自然规律的解释

a physical science is an area of scientific study that is related to physics


physical

also: [#physical examin=ation](bold)  [n](bold) <[C](bold)>

a thorough examination of someone’s body by a doctor, in order to discover whether they are healthy or have any illnesses or medical problems


physically

It is important to keep yourself physically fit.

He remained physically active far into old age.

The attack left her physically disabled.

The thought made her feel physically ill.

We were mentally and physically exhausted.

Any one of them would have been physically capable of committing the crime.

It was the first time he had ever physically attacked anybody.

in relation to your body rather than your mind or emotions

一想到那个我就觉得身体不舒服。

children who have been physically abused

possible or not possible according to the laws of nature

〔根据自然法则〕可能的/不可能的

It would be physically impossible to carry everything at once.

根本不可能一次把所有东西都带上。


physicist

a scientist who has special knowledge and training in physics


physics

the science concerned with the study of physical objects and substances, and of natural forces such as light, heat, and movement

[Physics](bold)  is followed by a singular verb: To me, [physics is](bold) a fascinating subject.


piano

We all sang while Mum played something on the piano.

He wanted his children to learn the piano.

I would practise the piano for three or four hours a day.

She sat down at the piano and began to play.

(=play the piano while someone sings or plays a different instrument)

Lisa sang while George accompanied her on the piano.

You can listen to live piano music while you dine.

a large musical instrument that has a long row of black and white keys. You play the piano by sitting in front of it and pressing the keys

Jean accompanied her [on the piano](bold).


piano

〔演奏或演唱〕弱的[地]


pick

pick at
pick off
pick on
pick out
pick over
pick through
pick up
pick up after
pick up on

[have a bone to pick with sb](bold) at → [bone](->bone) 1 sense 10

to choose a person or thing, for example because they are the best or most suitable

Students have to pick three courses from a list of 15.

学生必须从15门课中选修3门。

Who’s going to [pick the team](bold) for the match on Saturday?

谁负责为星期六的比赛挑选队员？

The hotel was picked as the best small hotel in the area.

那家宾馆被选为那个地区的最佳小型宾馆。

他被选中参加100米赛跑。

Russell spoke slowly, [picking](bold) his [words](bold)(=choosing what to say) very carefully.

罗素讲得很慢，措辞谨慎。

to remove a flower, fruit, nut etc from a plant or tree

We picked some blackberries to eat on the way.

途中我们采了一些黑莓吃。

Amy picked a small bunch of wild flowers.

to remove something carefully from a place, especially something small

Ahmed picked the melon pips from his teeth.

艾哈迈德剔去牙缝里的瓜籽。

She was nervously picking bits of fluff off her sweater.

她紧张地择着毛衣上的小绒毛。

The goalkeeper spent a lot of his time picking the ball out of the back of the net.

守门员很多时间都花在从网窝里捡球上。

pick your way through/across/among etc sth

to walk in a slow careful way, choosing exactly where to put your feet down

她小心翼翼地绕过一个个水坑。

He picked his way down the narrow staircase.

他小心翼翼地走下狭窄的楼梯。

to remove mucus from your nose with your finger

to remove bits of food from between your teeth with your finger or a small pointed object

to ask someone who knows a lot about something for information and advice about it

Have you got a minute? I need to pick your brains.

您有时间吗？我要向您请教一下。

to deliberately start a quarrel or fight with someone

（对某人）找碴/（向某人）挑衅

I could see he was trying to pick a fight with me.

我看得出来他是想找碴跟我打架。

to choose only the best people or things, or only the ones that you really like

仔细挑选〔最好的或真正喜欢的人或物〕，挑挑拣拣

Come on, you haven’t got time to pick and choose.

快点，没时间挑挑拣拣了。

to use something that is not a key to unlock a door, drawer etc

〔用钥匙之外的东西〕打开[撬开]锁

It’s quite easy to pick the lock on a car door.

to make a hole in something by pulling it with your fingers

他把自己的毛衣扯出了一个洞。

to criticize an idea or a plan by saying what its weak points are

批评某事物；挑某事物的毛病；找某事物的漏洞

It’s easy to pick holes in her argument.

to remove all the meat from a bone when you are eating

to quietly steal something from someone’s pocket

to choose someone or something very good

to criticize something very severely and in a very detailed way

I’m fed up with having my work picked to pieces.

我的工作被贬得一无是处，我受够了。

to play a musical instrument by pulling at its strings with your fingers

弹拨〔琴弦〕；弹奏〔弦乐器〕


pick

if you can have your pick or take your pick of different things, you can choose which one you want

Have a look at the menu and [take](bold) your [pick](bold).

He knew he [could take](bold) his [pick of](bold) any of the girls in the office.

他知道自己可以挑办公室里任何一个姑娘。

Sarah [could have](bold) her [pick of](bold) any university in the country.

萨拉可以选择国内任何一所大学。

She always gets first pick of the videos.

某物中的精华[最好的东西]

In tonight’s programme we’ll be discussing the pick of this month’s new movies.

在今晚的节目中我们将讨论本月的最佳新片。

There were fifteen candidates for the job, and he was [the pick of the bunch](bold)(=the best one).

这个职位有15名候选人，他是其中的最佳人选。

your pick is the person or thing that you have chosen from a group

There are a lot of good horses in the race, but Archimedes would be my pick.

比赛中有很多好马，不过我最看好阿基米德。

a small flat object that you use for pulling at the strings of a musical instrument such as a guitar

〔拨吉他等弦乐器用的〕拨片，拨子


picnic

(=a special area with tables where people can have picnics)

There is a picnic area next to the car park.

(=a place that is suitable for a picnic)

(=a container in which you carry food for a picnic)

if you have a picnic, you take food and eat it outdoors, especially in the country

We decided to [have](bold) a [picnic](bold) down by the lake.

There is free parking for visitors, as well as a restaurant and [picnic area](bold)(=a special area with tables where people can have a picnic).

这里有面向游客的免费停车位，还有一家餐厅和野餐区。

[picnic site/spot/place](bold)(=a place that is suitable or pleasant for a picnic)

We found a lovely picnic spot by the river.

我们发现河边有一处很好的野餐地点。

[picnic basket/hamper](bold)(=a container in which you can carry food for a picnic)

→ Don’t say ‘do a picnic’ or ‘make a picnic’. Say [have a picnic](bold).

the food that you take to eat outdoors on a picnic

We’ll [take](bold) a [picnic](bold) with us.

if something is no picnic, it is very difficult and needs a lot of effort or hard work

带大六个孩子真不是件轻松的事！


picnic

[picnicker](bold) n. <C> eg: The area is very popular with picnickers.

[past tense and past participle](italic) [picnicked](bold) [present participle](italic) [picnicking](bold)


picture

[pretty as a picture](bold) at → [pretty](->pretty) 2 sense 7

shapes, lines etc painted or drawn on a surface, especially as a piece of art, and often showing what someone or something looks like

He painted the picture in 1890, just before he died.

I made a quick sketch of the kind of room we wanted.

The painting now hangs in the Museum of Modern Art.

a picture of a place, especially in the countryside or the mountains

a funny drawing in a newspaper or magazine that tells a story or a joke

A cartoon in the New York Times showed the president talking to Osama Bin Laden.

a series of pictures drawn inside boxes that tell a story

Charles Schultz was famous for his cartoon strip about Snoopy and Charlie Brown.

a funny drawing of someone that makes a part of someone’s face or body look bigger, worse etc than it really is, especially in a funny way

He is famous for his caricatures of politicians.

The book has over 100 pages of illustrations, most of them in colour.

a large picture printed on paper that you stick to a wall as decoration

There were lots of posters of pop bands on her bedroom wall.

a picture that is usually produced on a , and is one of a series of copies of the same picture

a limited edition of lithographic prints by John Lennon

a picture – used especially when talking about what the picture is like, or the effect it has on you

Some of the images are deeply disturbing.

pictures or photographs, especially ones that have been produced to be used in a book or magazine

We are still waiting for the artwork to come back from the printers.

She drew a picture of a mushroom on the blackboard.

Three pictures hung on the wall over his bed.

The picture shows two women leaning down towards a third.

(=used to talk about what a picture shows)

There's a picture of his wife above the fireplace.

He still didn’t have a clear picture of what had happened.

Their diaries give us a vivid picture of their lives at the time.

Our aim is to build an accurate picture of the needs of disabled people.

The media coverage left many people with a distorted picture.

These figures give a misleading picture of the company’s financial health.

We now have a detailed picture of the bird’s habits.

By asking these questions, I was able to get a more complete picture.

The study is intended to provide an overall picture of political activity in the nation.

(=giving the impression that something is or will be bad)

The report paints a bleak picture of the economy.

(=giving the impression that something is or will be good)

That figure paints a misleadingly rosy picture.

I've never been there, but I have a picture of it in my mind.

No clear picture emerges from the studies.

Scientists have been trying to get a better picture of how the drug works.

(=gradually get an idea of what something is like)

Detectives are still trying to build up a picture of what happened.

Her book gives us an interesting picture of ordinary people’s homes at the time.

Newspapers tend to present a grim picture of what's going on in the world.

(=create a particular idea or impression, especially one that is not accurate)

The latest survey paints a grim picture.

shapes, lines etc painted or drawn on a surface, showing what someone or something looks like

The room had several pictures on the walls.

我喜欢那张有那两匹马的画。

He asked her permission to paint her picture (=paint a picture of her).

你的那张照片拍得真好，爸爸！

[take sb’s picture/take a picture of sb](bold)

I asked the waiter if he’d mind taking our picture.

我问那个侍者是否能为我们拍张照。

Would you like to see the wedding pictures?

你要不要看看婚礼的照片？

an image that appears on a television or cinema screen

〔电视或电影的〕图像，画面

upsetting pictures of the famine in Africa

a description or idea of what something is like

The book [gives ](bold)you a good[ picture ](bold)of what life was like in Japan in the early 19th century.

这本书生动地描绘了19世纪初叶日本人的生活。

The article [paints](bold) a rather bleak [picture](bold) of the future of our planet.

本文将我们地球的未来描绘成一幅暗淡的画面。

Detectives are trying to [build up a picture](bold) of the kidnapper.

警探试图勾勒出绑匪的模样。

The description in the guidebook showed rather a [rosy picture](bold)(=one that makes you think that something is better than it really is).

I now have a [vivid picture](bold)(=very clear picture) in my mind.

现在我脑海里有一幅清晰的画面了。

the general situation in a place, organization etc

〔某地方、组织等的〕情况，局面

The worldwide picture for tribal people remains grim.

全球各地部落民众的情况仍不容乐观。

Checks throughout the region revealed a similar picture everywhere.

整个区域范围内的检查显示各地情况都差不多。

We were so caught up with the details, we lost sight of the big picture (=the situation considered as a whole).

我们过分专注于细节，因而忽视了全局。

an image or memory that you have in your mind

Sarah had a [mental picture](bold) of Lisbon.

He had a [vivid picture](bold) in his mind.

to give someone all the information they need to understand a situation, especially one that is changing quickly

使某人明白[了解]实情〔尤指迅速变化的情形〕

I’m just going now, but Keith will put you in the picture.

我现在要走了，不过基思会给你解释的。

你说得够多了，我明白了。

if someone is out of the picture, they are no longer involved in a situation

Injury has effectively [put](bold) Woods [out of the picture](bold) as far as international matches are concerned.

伍兹的伤势实际上已决定他无缘国际比赛。

be the picture of health/innocence/despair etc

显得非常健康/天真/绝望等

Head bowed and sobbing, she was the picture of misery.

她低头啜泣，显得非常痛苦。


picture

to imagine something by making an image in your mind

汤姆想到那一幕，不由笑了。

Rob had pictured her as serious, but she wasn’t like that.

罗布原本想象她是个严肃的人，但其实不是。

I can’t picture him skiing. He’s so clumsy!

我想象不出他滑雪的样子，他那么笨手笨脚的！

Picture what it would be like after a nuclear attack.

设想一下，要是发生一场核攻击后果会怎样。

to show someone or something in a photograph, painting, or drawing

She is pictured with her mum Christine and sister Kelly.

照片里她和妈妈克里斯蒂娜还有妹妹凯莉在一起。

[Picture](bold)  is usually passive in this meaning.

to describe something in a particular way

She’s been pictured as a difficult, demanding woman.

她被描绘成一个难以相处的苛刻女人。


picturesque

a picturesque place is pretty and interesting in an old-fashioned way

〔地方〕美丽的，古雅的，风景如画的

→see THESAURUS at [beautiful](->beautiful)

a quiet fishing village with a picturesque harbour

拥有一座美丽港口的宁静渔村

picturesque language uses unusual, interesting, or sometimes rude words to describe something

〔语言〕生动的，形象化的，绘声绘色的

a picturesque account of his trip to New York

对他纽约之行绘声绘色的描述


pie

Would you like another piece of apple pie?

meat or vegetables baked inside a pastry or potato covering

我吃了一份牛肉腰子馅饼加薯条。

a share of something such as money, profits etc

The smaller companies want a bigger share of the pie.

那些较小的公司想多分一杯羹。

something good that someone says will happen, but which you think is impossible or unlikely

空中楼阁，不大可能实现的允诺[建议]

找到治疗方法的希望太过渺茫了。

→ [mud pie](->mud pie) → [pie chart](->pie chart) [easy as pie](bold) at → [easy](->easy) 1 sense 1 [eat humble pie](bold) at → [humble](->humble) 1 sense 6 [have a finger in every pie](bold) at → [finger](->finger) 1 sense 7 [be as nice as pie](bold) at → [nice](->nice) sense 11


piece

[how long is a piece of string?](bold) at → [long](->long) 1 sense 9

an amount of something that has been cut or separated from the main part

a piece. [Bit](bold) is more informal than [piece](bold) and is often used about smaller pieces

The notes were written on bits of paper.

a small piece of something solid or firm that does not have a regular shape

a small piece of paper, cloth etc that is no longer needed

I wrote the phone number on a scrap of paper.

The dog was eating scraps of food off the floor.

a thin flat piece of something such as paper, glass, or metal

a thin flat piece of bread, cake, meat etc cut from a larger piece

a piece of something solid that does not have a regular shape – used especially about food, rock, or metal

a large piece with rough edges, which has been cut or has broken off a bigger piece of food, rock etc

a piece of something solid, which has straight sides

a thick flat piece of stone, or of cake, meat etc

The floor had been made from stone slabs.

a piece that has six square sides – used especially about food

a piece that has a thick end and a pointed end, and is shaped like a  – used especially about food and metal

a block of soap, chocolate, candy, or metal, which has straight sides

I usually have two rashers of bacon for breakfast.

a small piece that has broken off something, especially something hard

The window shattered, covering them with fragments of glass.

There were just a few crumbs left on the plate.

a piece of something such as dirt or dust which is so small you almost cannot see it

She brushed the specks of dust from the table.

an amount of something that has been separated from the main part

He broke off a piece of bread and gave it her.

截下一段五厘米长的木头。

His trousers were held up with a piece of string.

他的裤子靠一根细绳系着。

Would you like a small or a large piece?

你想要一小块还是一大块？

She cut the cake into four equal pieces.

她把蛋糕切成大小相等的四块。

one of the parts that something divides or breaks into

Individual pieces of text can be cut and pasted to their correct position.

文字的每一段都可以剪贴到正确位置上。

The china dish lay in pieces on the floor.

His father had taught him how to [take](bold) a gun [to pieces](bold).

The shelving [comes to pieces](bold)(=divides into separate parts) for easy transport.

架子可以拆卸，以便运输。

The shower head just [came to pieces](bold)(=broke into separate parts) in my hand.

The fireplace was carefully dismantled [piece by piece](bold)(=one part at a time).

a single thing of a particular type, or something that is one of several similar things

一个；一片；一块；一件；一张

You should eat three pieces of fruit a day.

She was wearing a single piece of jewellery.

You need to examine every piece of evidence first.

你首先要检查每一件证据。

[four-piece/60-piece etc](bold)(=consisting of four, 60 etc separate parts)

a [three-piece suite](bold)(=two chairs and a [sofa](bold,->sofa))

a small amount of something that is interesting, useful, or unusual in some way

[piece of advice/information/gossip etc](bold)

We’re witnessing a piece of history in the making.

我们正在见证一段新的历史。

It really was an extraordinary piece of luck.

我所有的衣服都破旧不堪。

They’ve let that lovely old house fall to pieces around them.

他们任由那所漂亮的老房子在他们身边日渐衰败。

to no longer be successful or working well

if a person or what they do goes to pieces, they are so upset or nervous that they cannot live, work, or perform as they should

〔因伤心、紧张不安而〕崩溃，垮掉

He just went to pieces after his wife died.

Her performance goes to pieces when her father is watching.

爸爸观看她演出的时候，她紧张得完全乱了套。

to damage something badly by breaking it into many parts

His arm was ripped to pieces by a shark.

他的一只胳膊被鲨鱼撕碎了。

Wear thick gloves, otherwise you’ll tear your fingers to pieces.

to criticize someone or their ideas very severely

严厉批评某人[某人的观点]

Donna could tear your work to pieces, and frequently did.

唐娜能把你的工作批评得一无是处，她经常这样。

something that has been produced by an artist, musician, or writer

〔艺术家、音乐家或作家的〕作品

[piece of music/writing/sculpture etc](bold)

The LSO will perform a much-loved concert piece.

伦敦交响乐团将演奏一首深受欢迎的音乐会曲目。

a short article in a newspaper or magazine or part of a television or radio programme that is about a particular subject

〔报纸、杂志的〕文章，短文；〔电视、电台的〕报道

Did you read that piece in ‘The Observer’ about censorship?

《观察家报》上那篇有关审查制度的文章你看了吗？

Robert [wrote](bold) a short [piece](bold) on the earthquake.

罗伯特写了一篇关于地震的短文。

if you arrive somewhere in one piece, you are not injured

Cheer up. At least you’re [still in one piece](bold).

振作一点，至少你还是平平安安的。

Ring Mum and let her know we [got here in one piece](bold).

给妈妈打电话，告诉她我们平安到达了。

to tell someone that you are very angry with them

After the game he gave the players a piece of his mind.

Landing this type of aircraft is a piece of cake for an experienced pilot.

对于经验丰富的飞行员来说，驾驶这种飞机着陆轻而易举。

a share of the money from a business activity

〔商业活动中获得的〕一份收益

And will foreign firms [get a piece of the action](bold)?

那么外国公司能从中得到什么好处吗？

if the things someone says or does are all of a piece, they are part of the typical behaviour of that person

总是说同样的话[做同样的事]

Sexist language is all of a piece with the way some men treat women.

有些男性对女性总是使用有性别歧视的语言。

The architecture here is all of a piece.

Robert slipped two gold pieces into the man’s hand.

罗伯特往那男人手里塞了两枚金币。

a small object used in a game such as chess

in all parts of an organization, system, activity etc

We will be making changes across the piece.

我们将不断进行全方位改进。

to be someone who does nasty things or deceives people in order to get what they want

（真）是个讨厌的家伙［骗子］

used to show that you do not respect someone or something they say

是个废物，是废话〔用于表示不尊敬他人或其所说的话〕

an offensive expression for a woman. Do not use this expression.


pier

a structure that is built over and into the water so that boats can stop next to it or people can walk along it

〔伸向海中的〕突堤码头，凸式码头

a thick stone, wooden, or metal post that is used to support something


pierce

to make a small hole in or through something, using an object with a sharp point

Steam the corn until it can easily be pierced with a fork.

把玉米蒸到用叉子可以轻易扎透。

Rose underwent emergency surgery after a bullet pierced her lung.

罗丝被子弹射穿肺部，接受了紧急手术。

Pierce small holes in the base of the pot with a hot needle.

用一根烧红的针在盆底扎几个小洞。

to have a small hole made in your ears, nose etc so that you can wear jewellery through the hole

if sound or light pierces something, you suddenly hear or see it

The darkness was pierced by the beam from the lighthouse.

灯塔射出的光束穿透了黑暗。

突如其来的一声尖叫划破了寂静。

The men’s lanterns pierced through the dense mist.

男人们手中灯笼的光线穿透了浓雾。

to make someone feel a strong emotion such as pain, sadness, or love

Her memories sometimes pierced her heart.

Leicester rarely threatened to pierce the Manchester United defence.

莱斯特城队很少能威胁到曼彻斯特联队的防线。


pig

a farm animal with short legs, a fat body, and a curved tail. Pigs are kept for their meat, which includes pork, bacon, and ham.

someone who eats too much or eats more than their share

You [greedy pig](bold), you ate all the candy!

你这只馋猫，把糖果都吃光了！

I [made](bold) a bit of [a pig of myself](bold)(=ate too much) at dinner.

someone who is unpleasant in some way, for example unkind or very untidy

They live like pigs in that house over the road.

他们住在马路那头猪圈似的房子里。

You can tell him from me he’s an ignorant pig.

你可以转告他，我说他是个无知的家伙。

[(male) chauvinist pig](bold)(=a man who thinks women are not equal to men)

an offensive word for a police officer. Do not use this word.

警察猪猡〔对警察的侮辱性称呼〕

something that is very difficult or unpleasant to do

They’re improving, and they’re a pig of a team to beat.

他们正在进步，要打败这支队伍可不容易。

Someone’s made a right pig’s ear of these repairs.

有人把这些修理活干得一团糟。

used to show that you do not believe what someone is saying

不可能〔表示不相信某人正在说的话〕

something you bought without seeing it first and that is not as good or valuable as you expected

〔未提前看便〕盲目买来的劣质东西

What if the car you buy [turns out to be a pig in a poke](bold)?

如果这辆你没仔细看就买的车质量并不怎么样，那该怎么办？

used to say that you do not think something will happen

太阳从西边出来〔表示不相信某事会发生〕

‘Someone might have handed in your pass.’ ‘Yes, and pigs might fly.’

“可能已经有人把你的通行证上交了呢。” “是啊，太阳还能从西边出来呢。”


pig

[past tense and past participle](italic) [pigged](bold) [present participle](italic) [pigging](bold)


pigeon

→ [carrier pigeon](->carrier pigeon) → [clay pigeon shooting](->clay pigeon shooting) → [homing pigeon](->homing pigeon)

a grey bird with short legs that is common in cities


pile

a group of things of the same type that are put on top of each other

There were stacks of books on the floor.

All his clothes were in a heap on the floor.

a very large pile of something with a round shape

a mountain of dirty laundry waiting to be washed

a group of several things of the same type that are put on top of each other

His mother came in carrying a pile of ironing in her arms.

他母亲手里抱着一叠熨好的衣物进来了。

Flora shuffled through a pile of magazines.

弗洛拉胡乱地翻看一摞杂志。

She tidied up the books and put them in [neat piles](bold).

她把书本整理好，并一摞摞地码放整齐。

He balanced the plate [on the top of a pile](bold) of books.

他把盘子在一摞书上放稳。

a large amount of something arranged in a shape that looks like a small hill

All that remained of the old house was a pile of rubble.

那所老房子只剩下一堆瓦砾。

Sophie stooped to throw another branch on the pile.

索菲弯腰往柴火堆上又扔了一根树枝。

He began to [sweep](bold) the pieces of glass [into](bold) a [pile](bold).

他动手把碎玻璃片扫成一堆。

We’ve had piles of letters from viewers.

我们收到了大量的观众来信。

the weakest or least important position in a society or organization

I soon discovered I was at the bottom of the pile in the office hierarchy.

我很快发现自己在办公室里处于最底层。

She always puts her own needs to the bottom of the pile.

她总是最后考虑自己的需求。

the best or highest position in a society or organization

It’s been 20 years since a British tennis player was at the top of the pile.

They’ve just bought an 18th-century pile in Surrey.

他们刚刚在萨里郡买了一座建于18世纪的大宅。

the soft surface of short threads on a carpet or some types of cloth

〔地毯或某些布料上的〕绒面

Her feet sank into the thick pile of the rug.

她的双脚陷进厚厚的绒毯里。

a heavy wooden, stone, or metal post, used to support something heavy

He had made his pile in the wholesale business.

painfully swollen blood vessels near a person’s anus


pile

to fill a place or container or cover a surface with a large amount of things

He piled bread and milk into his basket.

他把面包和牛奶往篮子里堆。

梅利莎一个劲地往盘子里堆意大利面。

The room was [piled high](bold) with boxes (=filled with a lot of boxes).

房间里高高地堆着一些箱子。

Ma stacked the cups and piled the plates.

She brushed her hair and piled it carefully on top of her head.

她梳好头发，仔细地盘在头顶。


pilgrimage

a journey to a holy place for religious reasons

→see THESAURUS at [journey](->journey) 1

[make a pilgrimage/go on (a) pilgrimage](bold)

a journey to a place connected with someone or something famous

〔去与名人或有名之物有关的地方〕旅行

Presley’s home has become a [place of pilgrimage](bold).

“猫王”故居已成为旅游胜地。


pill

[a bitter pill (to swallow)](bold) at → [bitter](->bitter) 1 sense 7 → [morning-after pill](->morning-after pill)

(=take one too easily, without thinking about it seriously)

Some people just pop a pill to get a good night's sleep.

Her doctor just prescribed more pills and told her to take it easy.

I took a sleeping pill and tried to go back to sleep.

(=pills that are said to help you become thinner)

a small solid piece of medicine that you swallow whole

He has to [take pills](bold) to control his blood pressure.

a pill taken regularly by some women in order to prevent them having babies

My doctor advised me to go on the pill (=start taking it regularly).

我的医生建议我口服避孕药。

to do something to make an unpleasant job or situation less unpleasant for the person who has to accept it

给药丸加糖衣，把苦差事变得更容易接受

if someone, especially a child, is a pill, they are annoying

是令人讨厌的人〔尤指小孩〕

卢克有时候真是个讨厌鬼。


pill

if a piece of clothing pills, especially a sweater, it forms little balls on the surface of the cloth after it has been worn or washed


pillar

a tall upright round post used as a support for a roof or bridge

Eight massive stone pillars supported the roof.

八根巨大的石柱支撑起房顶。

a tall upright round post, usually made of stone, put up to remind people of an important person or event

pillar of society/the community/the church etc

somebody who is an important and respected member of a group, and is involved in many public activities

社会/社区/教会等的栋梁[中坚分子]

Mr Fitzwilliam had been seen as a pillar of the community.

菲茨威廉先生已被视为社区的骨干。

a very important part of a system of beliefs or ideas

〔信仰或思想的〕支柱，核心

One of the pillars of a civilized society must be that everyone has equal access to the legal system.

文明社会的基础之一就是法律面前人人平等。

to have to go from one person or situation to another without achieving much or being able to settle

The poor kid has been pushed from pillar to post.

if someone is a pillar of strength, they are there to give you help and support at a difficult time

是（ …的）精神支柱［坚强后盾］

Christine’s been a pillar of strength to me.

克里斯蒂娜一直是我的精神支柱。

a tall upright mass of dust, smoke, flame etc


pillow

a cloth bag filled with soft material that you put your head on when you are sleeping

I’ll be asleep as soon as my head hits the pillow.

我头一碰到枕头就会睡着。

a game in which children hit each other with pillows

枕头战〔小孩用枕头打闹〕


pillow

[v](bold) <[T always + adv/prep](bold)> [literary](special)


pilot

someone who operates the controls of an aircraft or spacecraft

〔航空器或航天器上的〕驾驶员，飞行员

The official report into the accident says that it was caused by [pilot error](bold)(=a mistake by the pilot).

那宗事故的官方报告称事故是由飞行员失误造成的。

someone with a special knowledge of a particular area of water, who is employed to guide ships across it

〔船舶的〕领航员，领港员

a small study, project etc which is carried out as a test to see if an idea, product etc will be successful

试验性研究/试点项目/试验性[先导]计划等

a pilot scheme which could be extended to other areas

可以扩展到其他领域的试验性计划

a television programme that is made in order to test whether people like it and would watch it


pilot

to guide an aircraft, spacecraft, or ship as its pilot

驾驶〔航空器或航天器〕；给〔船舶〕领航

to test a new idea, product etc on people to find out whether it will be successful

试用〔新想法、新产品等〕，试行

The new exams are currently being piloted in a number of areas.

新的考试目前正在一些地区试行。

to be responsible for making sure that a new law or plan is officially approved

使〔新的法律、计划〕顺利通过

The Bill was piloted through Parliament by the health minister.

在卫生部长的推动下，该法案在议会顺利通过。


pin

→ [drawing pin](->drawing pin) → [pin money](->pin money) → [pins and needles](->pins and needles) sense 1 → [rolling pin](->rolling pin) → [safety pin](->safety pin)

a short thin piece of metal with a sharp point at one end, used especially for fastening together pieces of cloth while making clothes

〔尤在做衣服时固定布料用的〕别针，大头针

a thin piece of metal used to fasten things together, especially broken bones

〔尤指接骨用的〕钉，楔，销，栓

a piece of metal, sometimes containing jewels, that you fasten to your clothes to wear as a decoration

one of the pieces of metal that sticks out of an electric plug

one of the bottle-shaped objects that you try to knock down in a game of bowling

used to say that it is very quiet and no one is speaking

静得可以听到针掉下来的声音〔用于表示非常安静〕

a short piece of metal which you pull out of a hand grenade to make it explode a short time later

〔手榴弹上的〕保险栓，保险针

a metal stick with a flag at the top which marks the holes on a golf course

〔标示高尔夫球洞的〕旗杆

used to say that you would like to do something to someone because they have annoyed you

恨不得，巴不得〔用于表示你想要对惹恼你的人做某事〕

For two pins, I’d just send them all home.

我恨不得把他们都送回家。


pin

[past tense and past participle](italic) [pinned](bold) [present participle](italic) [pinning](bold)

to fasten something somewhere, or to join two things together, using a pin

把 …别住，把 …钉住；固定住

你能把这个钉在布告板上吗？

他把姓名牌别在自己的短外套上。

She had photos of her kids pinned up next to her desk.

她把孩子们的照片钉在了她的书桌旁。

to make someone unable to move by putting a lot of pressure or weight on them

他把她的胳膊摁在身体两侧。

艾伯特把他按在墙上不能动弹。

They managed to pin him down until the police arrived.

他们按住他，直到警察赶来。

Her body was pinned under the weight of the car.

她的身体被压在汽车下面。


pinch

to press a part of someone’s skin very tightly between your finger and thumb, especially so that it hurts

We have to stop her pinching her baby brother.

我们不能让她再掐她小弟弟了。

to steal something, especially something small or not very valuable

偷窃〔尤指小物品或不很值钱的东西〕

to press something between your finger and thumb

Pinch the edges of the pastry together to seal it.

把油酥面皮的边缘捏紧封口。

if something you are wearing pinches you, it presses painfully on part of your body, because it is too tight

used when a situation is so surprising that the person involved needs to make sure that they are not imagining it

某人得掐自己一下〔以证实某情况是真实的〕

Sometimes she had to pinch herself to make sure it was not all a dream.

有时候她得掐自己一下，以证明这一切不是在做梦。

[Pinch](bold)  is usually passive in this meaning.


pinch

a small amount of salt, pepper etc that you can hold between your finger and thumb

when you press someone’s skin between your finger and thumb

used to say that you could do something if necessary in a difficult or urgent situation

There’s space for three people. Four at a pinch.

有三个人的空间，必要时可以挤四个人。

If you’re in a pinch, I’m sure they’d look after Jenny for a while.

如果你有急事，我确信他们会照顾珍妮一段时间。

used to say that you should not always completely believe what a particular person says

对某事半信半疑，对某事不完全相信

You have to take what he says with a pinch of salt.

to have financial difficulties, especially because you are not making as much money as you used to make

〔尤指因赚钱不如以前多而〕感到拮据

Local stores and businesses are beginning to feel the pinch.

当地的商店和公司开始感到手头有点紧。


pine

a tall tree with long hard sharp leaves that do not fall off in winter

the pale wood of pine trees, used to make furniture, floors etc


pine

to become sad and not continue your life as normal because someone has died or gone away

〔因某人去世或离开而〕悲伤，难过

Six months after he left, she was still pining.

他离开六个月了，她还是很悲伤。


pineapple

a large yellow-brown tropical fruit or its sweet juicy yellow flesh


pink

[be tickled pink](bold) at → [tickle](->tickle) 1 sense 3


pink

Her room was decorated in [bright pinks](bold) and purples.

她的房间装饰成明亮的粉红色和紫色。

a garden plant with pink, white, or red flowers


pint

a unit for measuring an amount of liquid, especially beer or milk. In Britain a pint is equal to 0.568 litres, and in the US it is equal to 0.473 litres

品脱〔液量单位，尤用于啤酒或牛奶。在英国一品脱合0.568升，而在美国一品脱合0.473升〕

在混合物中加入两品脱的水。

a pint glass (=a glass which will hold a pint of liquid)

a pint of beer, especially one that you drink in a bar

〔尤指在酒吧喝的〕一品脱啤酒

He’s gone down the pub for a quick pint.

他去小酒馆匆匆喝上一品脱啤酒。


pioneer

someone who is important in the early development of something, and whose work or ideas are later developed by other people

John Whitney was a pioneer of computer animation.

约翰·惠特尼是电脑动画的先驱。

He was a [pioneer in the field of](bold) biotechnology.

他是生物技术领域的带头人。

one of the first people to travel to a new country or area and begin living there, farming etc

the early pioneers of the Dakota territory


pioneer

to be the first person to do, invent, or use something

The new cancer treatment was pioneered in the early eighties by Dr Sylvia Bannerjee.

这种新的癌症治疗方法是由西尔维娅·班纳基医生在80年代初期开创的。


pipe

Be careful to avoid piercing any water pipes or electricity cables.

What’s the best way to clear a blocked waste pipe?

(=for removing waste from the human body)

They were digging a trench to lay water pipes.

It is likely that fat or grease is blocking the waste pipe.

He complained that a water pipe was leaking in his hotel room.

That winter was so cold that the pipes froze and we had no water.

A burst pipe can cause major structural damage quite quickly.

a tube through which a liquid or gas flows

A [pipe](bold) had [burst](bold) in the kitchen and flooded the floor.

厨房的一根管道爆裂，弄得满地都是水。

→ [drainpipe](->drainpipe) → [windpipe](->windpipe) [exhaust pipe](bold) at → [exhaust](->exhaust) 2 sense 1

a thing used for smoking tobacco, consisting of a small tube with a container shaped like a bowl at one end

Dad was there, [smoking](bold) his [pipe](bold).

a simple musical instrument like a tube, that you play by blowing

one of the metal tubes that air passes through when you play an organ

a hope, idea, plan etc that is impossible or will probably never happen

In many parts of the country, democratic elections are simply a pipe dream.

put/stick that in your pipe and smoke it

used to say that someone must accept what you have just said, even though they do not like it

不管喜欢不喜欢，你都得接受我所说的


pipe

to send a liquid or gas through a pipe to another place

用管道输送〔液体或气体〕

Eighty per cent of sewage is piped directly into the sea.

80%的污水被直接排入海中。

大量石油是从阿拉斯加输送来的。

[Pipe](bold)  is usually passive in this meaning.

to decorate food, especially a cake, with lines of icing or cream

to speak or sing something in a high voice

‘Morning!’ he piped with a cheery voice.

“早上好！”他声音愉快地高声说道。


pipeline

a line of connecting pipes, often under the ground, used for sending gas, oil etc over long distances

〔用于长距离输送气体、石油等的地下〕管道，管线

if a plan, idea, or event is in the pipeline, it is being prepared and it will happen or be completed soon

〔计划、观点或事件〕在准备中，在进行中


pirate

[piratical](bold) /paɪˈrætɪk/  adj. [literary](italic)

someone who sails on the seas, attacking other boats and stealing things from them

someone who dishonestly copies and sells another person’s work

盗版者，侵犯版权者，非法翻印者；侵犯专利权者

Computer game pirates cost the industry twenty million pounds a year.

电脑游戏盗版者每年要给该行业带来两千万英镑的损失。

illegal radio or television broadcasts, or the station sending them out

非法无线电广播[台]/非法电视（台）


pirate

to illegally copy and sell another person’s work such as a book, DVD, or computer program

剽窃，盗版；非法翻印；非法仿制

pirated copies of the best-selling computer games


pit

a hole in the ground, especially one made by digging

The female [digs](bold) a [pit](bold) in which to lay the eggs.

a large hole in the ground from which stones or minerals are obtained by digging

Dad first [went down](bold) the [pit](bold)(=worked in a coal mine) when he was 15 years old.

爸爸第一次下煤矿井时才15岁。

a national strike against [pit closures](bold)

抗议关闭煤矿井的全国性罢工

a small hollow mark in the surface of something, especially on your skin as the result of a disease

〔某物表面的〕微小凹痕；〔尤因疾病而在皮肤上产生的〕麻点，痘痕

a house or room that is dirty, untidy, or in bad condition

肮脏的房屋[房间]；条件很差的房屋[房间]

The company refused to pay – I think it’s the pits.

那家公司拒绝付款，我认为这太恶劣了。

if you have a feeling in the pit of your stomach, you have a sick or tight feeling in your stomach, usually because you are nervous or afraid

I had a feeling in the pit of my stomach that something terrible was going to happen.

我内心深处觉得有什么可怕的事就要发生了。

the place beside the track in a car race where cars can come in for petrol, new tyres etc

〔赛车时设在赛道边的〕维修站

a hole in the floor of a garage that lets you get under a car to repair it

a situation which makes you feel very bad

Just thinking about the future plunged her into [a pit of despair](bold).

一想到将来，她就陷入了极其绝望的境地。

the single large hard seed in some fruits

the area of a stock exchange where people buy and sell shares


pit

[past tense and past participle](italic) [pitted](bold) [present participle](italic) [pitting](bold)

to put small marks or holes in the surface of something

The whole street was pitted with potholes.

[Pit](bold)  is usually passive in this meaning.

to take out the single hard seed inside some fruits

to stop in a car race to get petrol or have your car repaired

〔赛车〕进站〔加油或维修〕


pitch

[queer sb’s pitch/queer the pitch for sb](bold) at → [queer](->queer) 3

a marked out area of ground on which a sport is played

He ran the length of the pitch and scored.

Jack was on the pitch for his school in the Senior Cup Final.

杰克代表学校参加了高级杯决赛。

a strong level of feeling about something or a high level of an activity or a quality

〔感情或活动的〕激烈，强烈

The controversy [reached](bold) such a [pitch](bold)(=become so strong) that the paper devoted a whole page to it.

争论非常激烈，报纸用了整版来报道。

[a pitch of excitement/excellence/perfection etc](bold)(=a high level of excitement etc)

他生气极了，对着她大喊大叫。

The goal roused the crowd to [fever pitch](bold)(=a very excited level).

那个进球让观众激动万分。

how high or low a note or other sound is

Ultrasonic waves are at a higher pitch than the human ear can hear.

超声波的音高超出了人耳可以听见的范围。

the ability of a musician to play or sing a note at exactly the correct level

the things someone says to persuade people to buy something, do something, or accept an idea

an aggressive salesman with a fast-talking [sales pitch](bold)

推销时说话像连珠炮一般咄咄逼人的推销员

[make a/sb’s pitch (for sth)](bold)(=try to persuade people to do something)

He made his strongest pitch yet for standardized testing in schools.

他以前所未有的力度宣传学校应推行标准化考试。

a throw of the ball, or a way in which it can be thrown

a black sticky substance that is used on roofs, the bottoms of ships etc to stop water coming through

The night was [as black as pitch](bold)(=very dark).

→ [pitch-black](->pitch-black) → [pitch-dark](->pitch-dark)

an up and down movement of a ship or an aircraft

the degree to which a roof slopes or the sloping part of a roof

〔屋顶的〕斜度，坡度；屋顶的倾斜处

a place in a public area where someone goes to sell things or where an entertainer goes to perform

〔街道小商贩的〕摆摊处；〔街头艺人的〕表演场地

We found the boy at his usual pitch at the bottom of the Acropolis.

我们在那个男孩的老地方——雅典卫城的底下——找到了他。


pitch

to throw something with a lot of force, often aiming carefully

〔常指仔细瞄准后〕用力投[扔，抛，掷]

She crumpled up the page and pitched it into the fire.

她把那页纸揉成团，扔进了火里。

Stanton pitched to two batters in the ninth inning.

斯坦顿在第九局迎战了两名击球手。

if a ball pitches in cricket or golf, it hits the ground

〔板球或高尔夫球〕落地，击地

〔高尔夫球中〕劈起击〔球〕

to make the ball hit the ground when you are bowling in cricket

〔板球中投手〕使球击地[触地]

to fall or be moved suddenly in a particular direction, or to make someone or something do this

（使）跌倒；（使）猛然移动

pitch (sb/sth) forward/backward/over etc

She slipped and pitched forward onto the ground.

她脚下一滑，重重栽倒在地。

Without a seat belt, you can easily be pitched right through the windscreen.

不系安全带的话，很可能会撞破挡风玻璃摔出去。

if a ship or an aircraft pitches, it moves up and down in an uncontrolled way with the movement of the water or air

→ [roll](->roll) 2 sense 4 → [yaw](->yaw)

[Pitch](bold)  is often passive in this meaning.

to set a speech, examination, explanation etc at a particular level of difficulty

把〔演说、考试、解释等〕定于〔某一特定难度〕

[pitch sth at a high level/the right level etc](bold)

You have to pitch your writing at the right level.

你的写作要适合目标群体的水平。

Some questions were pitched too high for intermediate students.

有些题目对于中级水平的学生来说出得太难了。

把〔价格〕定在〔某个水平〕

Room rates are pitched at £69 for a single.

单人房的房价定为69英镑。

to aim a product at a particular type of organization, group of people etc, or to describe it in a particular way, in order to sell it

The new machine will be pitched at users in the hotel and air reservation business.

这种新机器将以酒店及机票预订行业的用户为目标消费群体。

It is pitched as a cheaper alternative to other workstations.

它被定为可替代其他工作站的一个造价更为低廉的选择。

[Pitch](bold)  is usually passive in this meaning.

to try to persuade someone to do business with you, buy something etc

[pitch for business/contracts/custom etc](bold)

Booksellers are keen to pitch for school business.

For many companies, pitching to investors has become almost a full-time job.

对于许多公司来说，向投资者推销几乎已经成为工作的全部内容了。

if you pitch your voice or another sound at a particular level, the sound is produced at that level

→ [high-pitched](->high-pitched) → [low-pitched](->low-pitched)

to set up a tent or a camp for a short time

Try and pitch your tent on level ground.

The roof pitches sharply to the rear of the house.

屋顶向房子后部大幅度倾斜。

to tell someone a story or give them an excuse that is difficult to believe

给某人编造荒诞无稽的故事[令人难以相信的借口]

She pitched me some line about a bomb scare on the metro.

她跟我胡诌，说什么地铁里发生了炸弹恐吓事件。


pity

No one can look at these photographs and not feel pity.

He was expecting a prison sentence but the judge took pity on him.

His heart was filled with pity for them.

Annie experienced a sudden feeling of pity for the young man.

The woman looked so dejected that a wave of pity washed over me.

Charles even felt a twinge of pity for Mrs Sweet.

He was a proud man and he didn't want to be treated as an object of pity.

used to show that you are disappointed about something and you wish things could happen differently

It’s a pity that he didn’t accept the job.

他没有接受那份工作真可惜。

It’s a [great pity](bold) Joyce wasn’t invited.

乔伊斯没有受到邀请太遗憾了。

I like Charlie. Pity he had to marry that awful woman.

我喜欢查利，遗憾的是他得和那个糟糕的女人结婚。

A pity we can’t find the guy who did it.

真遗憾我们找不到那个干了这件事的家伙。

“你结婚了吗？” “没有。” “真遗憾。”

It would be a pity to give up now – you’ve nearly finished.

现在放弃太可惜，你差不多就要完成了。

sympathy for a person or animal who is suffering or unhappy

He looked exhausted, but Marie felt no pity for him.

他看上去疲惫不堪，但玛丽一点也不同情他。

我同情地听贾森讲述他的故事。

I hated the thought of being an [object of pity](bold)(=someone who other people feel sorry for).

[take/have pity on sb](bold)(=feel sorry for someone and treat them with sympathy)

He sounded so upset that Leah started to take pity on him.

他听上去非常难过，利娅开始同情他了。

used to show that you are very annoyed and impatient

请发发慈悲吧，请可怜可怜吧〔用于表示非常烦恼和不耐烦〕

For pity’s sake just shut up and let me drive!

请发发慈悲，闭上嘴让我开车吧！

used after describing a situation, to show that you wish it was not true

太不幸了，太可惜了〔用于描述某个情况之后，希望那不是真的〕


pity

[v](bold) <[T not usually in progressive](bold)>

[past tense and past participle](italic) [pitied](bold) [present participle](italic) [pitying](bold) [third person singular](italic) [pities](bold)

to feel sorry for someone because they are in a very bad situation

I pity anyone who has to feed a family on such a low income.

我同情那些得依靠如此微薄的收入养活全家的人。

Sam pitied his grandmother there alone, never going out.

萨姆很同情独自生活、从不出门的祖母。

Pity the poor teachers who have to deal with these kids.

同情一下那几位可怜的老师吧，他们不得不和这些孩子打交道。

In everyday English, people usually say that they [feel sorry for](bold)  someone rather than [pity](bold)  them:


pizza

a food made of thin flat round bread, baked with tomato, cheese, and sometimes vegetables or meat on top


place

[a/my/your etc happy place](bold) at → [happy](->happy) sense 10 [have/take pride of place](bold) at → [pride](->pride) 1 sense 7

You use [place](bold)  when talking about a particular position or location. [Place](bold)  is always countable.

You say: We visited some beautiful places. I found a place to put my boots.
Don't say: [I found some place to put my boots.](strike)

You use [space](bold)  about the area that is available for doing something. In this meaning, [space](bold)  is uncountable.

You say: We don't have enough space for a washing machine.
Don't say: [We don't have enough place for a washing machine.](strike)

You say: The children need more space to play.
Don't say: [The children need more place to play.](strike)

You also use [space](bold)  about an area that you can use for doing something. In this meaning, [space](bold)  is countable: There are very few parking spaces left. I found a space at the back of the bus.

[Someplace](bold)  means ‘somewhere’ and is used especially in American English: I can't find my keys - I must have left them someplace.

a point or area, especially one that you visit or use for a particular purpose

the exact place where someone or something is, in relation to other things

She showed me the position of the village on the map.

I changed the position of the mirror slightly.

Jessica moved to a position where she could see the stage better.

a place, especially a particular kind of place, or a place where something happens. [Spot](bold) sounds rather informal

The area is a favourite spot for windsurfers.

This is the exact spot where I asked her to marry me.

a place where someone or something is, or where something happens. [Location ](bold) sounds more formal than [place](bold)

The prisoners were taken to an undisclosed location.

a place, especially one that will be used for a particular purpose, or where something important happened

There are plans to develop the site for housing.

The area has become a dumping site for nuclear waste.

a place where something such as a meeting, concert, game etc takes place

the place where something bad such as an accident or crime happened

Ambulance crews were at the scene within minutes.

the place and the area around it, where something is or where something happens

the setting for the film ‘A Room With a View’

Beautiful gardens provide the perfect setting for outdoor dining.

used for talking about a place when you are not sure exactly which place

the place where someone or something is – used especially when you do not know this or do not want to tell people

The whereabouts of the painting is unknown.

The club was a meeting place for musicians.

He had watched the farm workers from his hiding place.

(=a place where someone or something stays or is buried)

This tomb is the last resting place of the Davison family.

I need to know his date of birth, and his place of birth.

Please give the address of your place of work.

By law, you must inform us if you change your place of residence.

(=the place where someone or something first came from)

I believe my mother's place of origin was Sierra Leone.

His young son had been sent away to a place of safety.

If ever you need a place of refuge, come to us.

The church is much more than a place of worship.

(=one that people visit because it is special, usually for a religious reason)

a space or area, for example a particular point on a surface or in a room, building, town, city etc

Make sure you keep the key in a safe place.

一定要把钥匙放在安全的地方。

I’ve spent the day dashing about from place to place.

我这一天尽是在东奔西跑。

The place was full of screaming children.

那地方全是大叫大嚷的孩子们。

He was threatening to burn the place down.

She had never been back to the place where the accident happened.

她再也没回过事故发生的地点。

The theatre bar was our usual meeting place.

这个剧院酒吧是我们见面的老地方。

We were living then in a place called Alberiga.

那时候我们住在一个叫阿尔伯里格的地方。

The wall was quite damp [in places](bold)(=in some places).

我找不到一个停车的地方。

Did the accident happen at your [place of work](bold)(=the place where you work)?

事故是在你的工作地点发生的吗？

The Great Mosque has been a [place of worship](bold) for Muslims for centuries.

很多世纪以来大清真寺是穆斯林朝拜的地方。

a house or apartment where someone lives

They’ve got quite a big place on the outskirts of Leeds.

他们在利兹郊外有一座大房子。

Do you want to come back to my place for coffee?

It took us ages to find a [place to live](bold).

我们花了好长时间才找到一个住处。

He’s staying with us until he can find a [place of](bold) his [own](bold).

他在找到自己的住处以前一直和我们同住。

to happen, especially after being planned or arranged

〔尤指经过计划或安排后〕发生，进行

The next meeting will take place on Thursday.

下次会议将在星期四举行。

Talks between the two sides are still taking place.

Major changes are taking place in society.

a space where someone can sit, or a space where you can put something

I might arrive a bit late, so could you save me a place?

我可能会晚来一会儿，你能给我留个位置吗？

There are still a few places left on the coach.

长途公共汽车上还有几个空位。

Make sure you put everything back in its proper place.

务必把每样东西都放回原位。

Can you find a good place for this vase?

你能找个好位置放这个花瓶吗？

a point that you have reached in a book or a speech

〔书本或讲话中的〕地方，点

This would be a good place to stop and answer any questions that people have.

讲到这里可以稍停一下，回答听众的提问。

I used a bookmark so that I wouldn’t [lose](bold) my [place](bold)(=forget the point that I had reached).

我用了书签，这样就不会忘记看到哪里了。

if someone has a place somewhere, they have the opportunity to go there or join in an activity

If you don’t come to training you might lose your place in the team.

你不来参加训练，就有可能失去球队中的位置。

We’ve been trying to find her a place in a residential home.

我们一直在努力让她进养老院。

He was offered a place on the management committee.

有人给他提供了一个在管理委员会工作的机会。

There are still a couple of places left on the course.

这门课程还有一些剩余的名额。

I’ve been offered a place at York University.

the role or important position that someone or something has in a situation or in society

the old idea that a woman’s place is in the home

妇女就该在家待着的老观念

He finally reached the summit of Everest and secured his place in history.

Working has a very important place in all our lives.

工作在我们的生命中占据重要位置。

The chairs for the concert were nearly all in place.

音乐会要用的椅子差不多都摆好了。

The glass was [held in place](bold) by a few pieces of sellotape.

玻璃用几段透明胶带固定住了。

Funding arrangements are already in place.

In place of our advertised programme, we will have live coverage of the special memorial service.

我们将对这次特别纪念仪式进行现场报道，原本预告要播出的节目则被取消。

The company flag had been taken down and in its place hung the Union Jack.

公司旗帜已被撤下，取而代之的是英国国旗。

If I refused to go, they would send someone else in my place.

如果我不去，他们会派其他人代替。

to exist or be used instead of someone or something else

Natural methods of pest control are now taking the place of chemicals.

正以自然方法取代化学品来控制虫害。

I had to find someone to take Jenny’s place.

used to talk about what you would do if you were in someone else’s situation

你要是处于我的境地会怎么做？

Try to [put yourself in](bold) my [place](bold) and think how you would feel.

试试站在我的位置上，想想你会有什么感觉。

to be a completely unsuitable place for someone

这可不是小孩该来的地方。

first, second etc position in a race or competition

He [took](bold) second [place](bold) in the long jump.

他在跳远比赛中获得了第二名。

I [finished in](bold) third [place](bold).

used to introduce a series of points in an argument, discussion etc

In the first place, I’m too busy, and in the second I don’t really want to go.

首先，我太忙；其次，我也不太想去。

used to talk about what someone did or should have done at the start of a situation

I wish I’d never got involved in the first place!

真希望我从一开始就没卷进去！

to be less important than someone or something else

处于（次于某人/某事物的）次要地位

She wasn’t prepared to take second place in his life.

她不愿意在他的生活中扮演次要角色。

used to tell people to go to the correct place or position that they need to be in for an activity

If you would like to take your places, the food will be served shortly.

请大家入席，菜很快就上。

在各个地方；到各个地方；处处

She came in with her hair all over the place.

她进来了，头发乱糟糟的。

to show someone that they are not as clever or important as they think they are

使某人明白自己的地位；杀某人的气焰

我很快就杀掉了他的气焰。

not suitable for a particular situation or occasion

He never seemed to feel out of place at social functions.

社交聚会时他似乎从不觉得自己格格不入。

The paintings looked strangely out of place.

那些画看上去古里古怪的，显得很不协调。

不在适当[通常]的位置上

The kitchen was spotlessly clean, with nothing out of place.

厨房一尘不染，井井有条。

if it is not your place to do something, you do not have the duty or right to do it

某人没有责任[无权]（做某事）

Capital punishment has no place in a modern society.

if things fall into place in your mind, you suddenly realize and understand what is really happening

Things were beginning to fall into place in my mind.

事情开始在我脑海中清晰起来。

if plans or events fall into place, they start to happen in the way that you hoped they would

〔计划或事件〕按所希望的方式发生，上轨道

Eventually I got a job, and my life began to fall into place.

最后我得到了一份工作，生活开始步入正轨。

to start becoming successful in your life

William is a young man who is definitely going places.

威廉绝对是个前途无量的年轻人。


place

to put something somewhere, especially with care

She poured the doctor a cup of tea and placed it on the table.

她给医生倒了杯茶，放在桌上。

He carefully placed the folder back in his desk drawer.

他小心地把文件夹放回书桌抽屉里。

to put someone or something in a particular situation

The government is being placed under pressure to give financial help to farmers.

政府正面对为农民提供经济援助的压力。

绝对不能让孩子们处于危险之地。

Some areas of the city have been placed under curfew.

这座城市的一些区域已经实行宵禁。

This places me in a very difficult position.

to find a suitable job or home for someone

Some unemployed people can be very difficult to place.

He was later placed with a foster family.

后来他被安置在一户寄养家庭里。

He [placed](bold) an [advertisement](bold) in the local paper.

他在当地报纸上登了一则广告。

You can [place orders](bold) by telephone.

I had no idea which horse I should [place](bold) a [bet](bold) on.

我不知道该把赌注下在哪匹马上。

to say how good or important you think someone or something is

评价，判断〔好坏或重要性〕

I would place health quite high on my list of priorities.

Some museums seem to place profit above education.

有些博物馆似乎置营利目的于教育目的之上。

place value/importance/emphasis etc on sth

看重/重视/注重等某事物

Most people place too much value on money.

The company places a lot of emphasis on training.

to recognize someone, but be unable to remember where you have met them before

想不起来与某人在哪里见过

I’ve seen her somewhere before, but I can’t quite place her.

我以前在哪里见过她，不过我想不起来了。

to be in a good situation where you have the ability or opportunity to do something

处于有利的位置；有良好的机遇

The company is now well placed to compete in Europe.

公司目前完全有优势在欧洲参与竞争。

The hotel is well placed for most of London’s theatres.

这家宾馆地理位置优越，去伦敦大多数剧院都很便利。

to be first, second etc in a race or competition

〔在赛跑或竞赛中〕得第一/第二名等

[Place](bold)  is slightly formal in most of its meanings. In everyday English, people usually use [put](bold)  instead:

Innocent people were [put](bold) at risk.


placement

the act of finding a place for someone to live or work

The centre provides a [job placement](bold) service.

该中心提供就业安排服务。

the placement of children in foster homes

They lived on campus, but this was just a temporary placement.

他们住校，不过这只是临时安排。

a job, usually as part of a course of study, which gives you experience of a particular type of work

Students are sent out on placement for training.

when something is placed somewhere or when you decide where something should go

the placement of fire hydrants along the city’s streets


plagiarism

when someone uses another person’s words, ideas, or work and pretends they are their own

The journal accused the professor of plagiarism.

那份刊物指控该教授剽窃。

an idea, phrase, or story that has been copied from another person’s work, without stating where it came from

claims that there are plagiarisms in the new software


plagiarize

BrE also: plagiarise  [v](bold) <[I,T](bold)>

to take words or ideas from another person’s work and use them in your work, without stating that they are not your own

He accused other scientists of plagiarizing his research.

他指控其他科学家剽窃他的研究成果。


plague

[avoid sb/sth like the plague](bold) at → [avoid](->avoid) sense 2

a disease that causes death and spreads quickly to a large number of people

drops in population levels due to plagues and famines

瘟疫和饥荒造成的人口水平下降

a very infectious disease that produces high fever and swollen places on the body, and often leads to death, especially bubonic plague

The plague caused 100,000 deaths in London alone in the 1600s.

17世纪，鼠疫仅在伦敦一地就造成了10万人死亡。

an uncontrolled and harmful increase in the numbers of a particular animal or insect

A plague of squirrels is threatening our forests.

松鼠灾害正在威胁我们的森林。


plague

to cause pain, suffering, or trouble to someone, especially for a long period of time

Financial problems continued to plague the company.

资金问题持续困扰着该公司。

[Plague](bold)  is often passive in this meaning.

to annoy someone, especially by asking for something many times or asking them many questions

〔尤指通过不断索要或提问〕使烦恼[生气]，打搅

The kids have been plaguing me with questions.

孩子们一直缠着我问问题。


plain

without anything added, or without decoration

The fireplace was plain apart from a small design at the top.

not having a lot of decoration or unnecessary things, but attractive

very plain and with very little decoration, or very little in it – used about a room or place that does not make you feel welcome

He dreaded having dinner in that austere dining room.

The building was grey and a little austere.

the austere beauty and grandeur of mountain scenery

plain and without anything that would make life easier or more comfortable – used especially about rooms, conditions, or ways of living

very plain in a surprising way, with very little colour or decoration – used about rooms and places

Sam sat looking at the stark white walls.

empty, or not covered by any decorations

Her office seemed very bare now that her desk had gone.

He was tired of looking at the bare walls of his prison cell.

very clear, and easy to understand or recognize

清楚的，明白的，显而易见的，明显的

It was plain that Giles was not going to agree.

显然贾尔斯是不会同意的。

You have made your feelings plain enough.

你已经明确表示了你的感受。

Let me [make](bold) it [plain](bold)(=state it clearly). We do not want you here.

让我明说吧，我们不想你待在这儿。

[make yourself plain](bold)(=make what you are saying clear)

If you do that again you will be severely punished. Do I make myself plain?

如果再那么干，你就会受到严厉惩罚，我说清楚了吗？

[as plain as day/the nose on your face](bold)(=very clear)

in clear and simple words, without using technical language

The document, written in plain English, tells you about your new policy.

这份文件用简明的英语写成，解释了你们的新政策。

without anything added or without decoration

无装饰的，简单的，朴素的，单纯的

Your essay should be written on [plain paper](bold)(=paper with no lines on it).

你的文章应该写在无格白纸上。

showing clearly and honestly what is true or what you think about something

Let’s have some plain, truthful answers.

让我们听听坦率而真实的回答吧。

I don’t know, and that’s [the plain truth](bold).

[The plain fact is](bold) people still buy books.

事实很明显，人们还在购买书籍。

used to emphasize that a particular type of behaviour, attitude etc is involved, usually a bad one

完全的，十足的〔一般用于强调不好的行为或态度〕

When you told him his house was too cold that was just plain bad manners.

你跟他说他的屋子里太冷，这很不礼貌。

not beautiful or attractive – often used because you want to avoid saying this directly

不好看的，不漂亮的，相貌平平的〔委婉说法〕

琼斯夫人是个相貌平平的女人。

[plain Jane](bold)(=used to talk about a woman who is not beautiful)

police officers in plain clothes are not wearing uniform

used to show that someone does not have or use a special title

（仅仅是）不带头衔[称号]的先生/夫人等〔用来表示某人没有或不使用特殊头衔等〕

I don’t call him Uncle – just plain Bill.

我不叫他叔叔，就叫他比尔。

If you can answer the first question, the rest of the test should be plain sailing.

如果你能答出测验的第一题，其余的题目就都是小菜一碟了。

if something is in plain sight, it is easy to see or notice, especially when it should be hidden

Don’t leave your valuables in plain sight.

不要把你的贵重物品放在显眼的地方。


plain

On the open plains of east Africa are zebras, antelopes, and gazelles.

Beyond lay the vast plains of the Central Valley.

Here a group of small hills rises unexpectedly out of the flat plain.

The village is situated on the high grassy plains at the foot of the Sierra.

The rains washed soil down to create fertile plains.

The grassy plain gave way to an extensive swamp.

青草覆盖的平原被广阔的沼泽地所取代。


plain

used to emphasize an adjective, usually one referring to a bad quality

简直；完全〔用于强调，一般指不好的素质〕

It’s just plain crazy to spend all your pay as soon as you get it.

薪水一拿到手就花光，你简直是疯了。


plainly

in a way that is easy to understand or recognize

The first part of that argument is plainly true.

论证的第一部分显然是成立的。

We could hear Tom’s voice plainly over the noise of the crowd.

在人群的喧闹声中，我们可以清楚地听到汤姆的声音。

speaking honestly, and without trying to hide the truth

She told him plainly that she had no intention of marrying him.

她坦率地告诉他自己不打算嫁给他。


plan

a set of actions for achieving something in the future, especially a set of actions that has been considered carefully and in detail

Leaders outlined a plan to end the fighting.

a secret plan to do something bad or illegal, made by a group of people

There was a plot to assassinate the president.

an official plan that is intended to help people

The government has introduced a new scheme to help young people find work.

a carefully designed plan which is intended to achieve a particular purpose over a long period of time

The government’s economic strategy has been criticized by many experts.

We need to develop effective strategies for combating the sale of counterfeit goods.

a new plan for dealing with a particular problem or for achieving a particular aim

a major new initiative to tackle street crime

a plan that members of a government, political party, company etc agree on, that states how they intend to deal with a particular subject or problem

It’s company policy to allow people to work from home.

a series of activities that a government or organization organizes, which aims to achieve something important and will continue for a long time

a five-year programme which will create 2,000 new jobs

We had to change our plans at the last minute.

The city authorities have abandoned their plans to host the Super Bowl.

The weather got worse, and we had to cancel our plans to have the party outdoors.

(=cancel your plan, although you may do it later)

The plan had to be shelved because of lack of money.

The day before my flight, my boss phoned and said there’d been a change of plan.

So what are your immediate plans after graduation?

I think the best plan is to take the train.

Mary has been busy making plans for her wedding.

The chairman must come up with a plan to get the club back on its feet.

(=make a detailed plan, especially after considering something carefully)

He devised a daring plan to steal two million dollars.

The company has already drawn up plans to develop the site.

The bombers were arrested by the security forces before they could carry out their plans.

The plan was scrapped because it was too expensive.

The government unveiled its plans for a shake-up of the health system.

The plan was approved at a board meeting on 24 December.

The plan was rejected on the grounds that it would cost too much money.

(=to do what has been agreed as part of an official plan)

To implement its plans, the company has entered into a partnership with another software developer.

(=not continue with it, although you might continue with it later)

The plans will be shelved until an alternative access to the site can be found.

The plan was very ambitious, but it worked.

The generals drew up detailed plans for the invasion.

They devised a cunning plan to get back their money.

The gang devised a cunning plan to rob the bank.

Unesco has a 25-year plan to provide basic education to all.

(=a plan that involves doing a lot of things in order to achieve something big)

Marrying the countess was all part of his grand plan.

(=a detailed plan for dealing with a complicated situation)

The governors came up with a master plan for saving the school.

We’ve developed a business plan to take over the company.

Both sides have agreed to implement the UN peace plan.

(=a plan for saving a company, economy etc)

Which rescue plan offers the company the best prospects of survival?

My accountant developed a detailed action plan with specific targets.

If everything goes according to plan, we’ll finish in January.

Ministers are discussing a plan of action to deal with the crisis.

(=a plan to attack or achieve something)

At this stage, you go back to the office and work on a plan of attack.

His plan is to get a degree in economics and then work abroad for a year.

他计划先取得经济学学位，然后去国外工作一年。

Do you [have](bold) any [plans](bold) for the weekend?

There’s been a [change of plan](bold) – we’re not going to Ibiza after all.

计划有变，我们终究还是不去伊维萨岛了。

[the best plan](bold) BrE(=the best course of action)

你最好的办法还是叫一辆出租车。

〔尤指经过仔细考虑的〕规划，计划，方案

The chairman outlined the company’s plans for achieving a 10% growth in sales.

董事长概述了公司要实现销售额增长10%的计划。

There are plans to turn the site of the factory into a park.

计划把该工厂所在地改建成公园。

a drawing similar to a map, showing roads, towns, and buildings

〔显示道路、城镇和建筑物的〕详图

a drawing of a building, room, or machine as it would be seen from above, showing the shape, size, and position of the walls, windows, and doors

〔建筑物、房间等的〕平面图；〔机器的〕图样，图纸

→ [elevation](->elevation) sense 4 → [section](->section) 1 sense 7 → [ground plan](->ground plan) sense 1

a drawing that shows exactly how something will be arranged

〔显示如何安排某物的〕示意图

I have to organise a [seating plan](bold) for the dinner.

我得为这次宴会设计一个座位示意图。

your first plan, which you will use if things happen the way you expect

第一方案〔指情况符合预期时用的计划〕

We’re going to find a restaurant and buy a meal. That’s Plan A.

我们要找一家餐馆吃饭，这是第一方案。

your second plan, which you can use if things do not happen the way you expect

第二方案，备用方案〔指情况超出预期时用的计划〕


plan

[past tense and past participle](italic) [planned](bold) [present participle](italic) [planning](bold)

to think carefully about something you want to do, and decide how and when you will do it

He immediately began planning his escape.

The wedding was fine and everything [went as planned](bold)(=happened the way it had been planned).

婚礼很顺利，一切都是按计划进行的。

Maria didn’t plan to kill Fiona. It was an accident.

玛丽亚并非蓄意杀害菲奥娜，那是个意外。

Now that you’re pregnant you’ll have to plan ahead.

你既然怀孕了，就必须提前把事情都安排妥当。

He said he planned to write his essay tonight.

The former president is planning a return to politics.

to think about something you are going to make, and decide what it will be like

Planning a small garden is often difficult.

设计一个小花园往往很困难。

The system needs to be planned carefully.


plane

You usually say [get on a plane](bold) : I got on a plane at 6.15 and arrived in Chicago at 10.

You can also say [get in a plane](bold) : Everyone got in the plane and found their seats .

You usually say [get off a plane](bold) : We were tired when we got off the plane.  ‘Get out of’ is much less common.

You usually say that someone is [on a plane](bold) : Take something to read on the plane.

You can also say they are [in a plane](bold) : Have you ever flown in a plane?

You go somewhere [by plane](bold) : It takes five hours by rail or an hour by plane.

Say [go by plane](bold)  or just [fly](bold) .
Don’t say: [fly by plane](strike)

a vehicle that flies in the air and has wings and at least one engine

The plane took off from John F Kennedy airport.

a passenger plane carrying over 300 people

a plane or other vehicle that can fly. [Aircraft](bold) sounds more formal than [plane](bold)

Smoking is not allowed on board the aircraft.

He was trained to fly military aircraft.

The town was attacked by US and British bombers.

a small fast military plane that can destroy other planes

The plane was shot down by enemy fighters.

a military plane that is used for fighting in the air or for dropping bombs

The area had been bombed by US warplanes.

someone who operates the controls of a plane

a pilot who shares the control of a plane with the main pilot

The pilot became ill, and the co-pilot had to land the plane.

the pilot who is in charge of an aircraft

This is your captain speaking. We will be arriving at Gatwick Airport in approximately 10 minutes.

all the people who work on a plane during a flight

The flight crew asked for permission to land at Chicago’s O’Hare International Airport.

the people whose job is to serve food and drinks to passengers on a plane

The cabin crew will be serving drinks shortly.

someone whose job is to serve food and drink to passengers on a plane

The flight attendant told him to go back to his seat.

a man/woman whose job is to serve food and drinks to passengers on a plane

I asked the stewardess if I could have a blanket.

She caught the first plane back to New York.

We got on the plane and found our seats.

The flight attendants served drinks shortly after the plane took off.

Because of the fog, our plane had to land at Luton.

As soon as the plane touched down on the runway, I felt better.

Their plane crashed shortly after take-off.

(=lands in a sudden and dangerous way because of a problem)

Their small plane crash-landed on a busy motorway yesterday.

A plane carrying 10 civilians was shot down.

I admire the guys who flew those planes.

The pilot managed to land the plane safely on the beach.

He ran out of fuel and had to bring the plane down on a road leading to the village.

Would he ever see her again after they got off the plane?

The guerrillas shot down an Israeli fighter plane.

cargo planes carrying emergency supplies for victims of the earthquake

(=for carrying military equipment and soldiers)

Heavily-laden transport planes can only land if there is a long runway.

Air Force jets intercepted two military planes that had entered the no-fly zone.

fighter planes from the Second World War

An unmanned US spy plane had been shot down.

Over 200 people died in the plane crash.

It is a big airline with a large fleet of planes.

这是一家大航空公司，拥有庞大的机群。

It’s much quicker to go [by plane](bold).

a level or standard of thought, conversation etc

〔思想、谈话等的〕水平，程度；标准

The two newspapers are on completely different intellectual planes.

两份报纸的文化层次完全不同。

a tool that has a flat bottom with a sharp blade in it, used for making wooden surfaces smooth


plane

if you plane a piece of wood, you make it smoother or smaller, using a plane


planet

[planetary](bold) adj. <only before noun> eg: the planetary system

a very large round object in space that moves around the Sun or another star

Mercury is the smallest of all the planets.

水星是行星中最小的一颗。

→ Don’t say ‘in a planet’. Say [on a planet](bold).

sb is (living) on another planet/what planet is sb on?

used humorously to say that someone’s ideas are not at all practical or sensible

某人是外星人〔幽默用法，表示某人的想法完全不切实际或不明智〕

He thinks motherhood is glamorous – what planet is he on?

他觉得当母亲令人向往——他是外星人吧？

the world – used especially when talking about the environment


planner

someone who plans and makes important decisions about something, especially someone whose job is to plan the way towns grow and develop

策划者，设计者；〔尤指城市发展的〕规划者

City planners are looking for ways to ease traffic.

城市规划者正在寻求缓解交通堵塞的方法。

Many [financial planners](bold) will help you shop for insurance.

许多理财规划师会帮助你选购保险。


plant

a living thing that has leaves and roots and grows in earth, especially one that is smaller than a tree

Botanists examined plant species from around the world.

a small plant that is used to improve the taste of food, or to make medicine

Sprinkle the dish with chopped fresh herbs.

The shop sells an interesting range of herbs and spices.

a wild plant growing where it is not wanted that prevents crops or garden flowers from growing properly

Herbicides can be used to prevent and control weeds.

a root shaped like a ball that grows into a flower or plant

Many rare plants were collected from India and China.

These plants are common in British gardens.

Many wild plants are in danger of dying out.

These butterflies feed on the flowers of several garden plants.

Exotic plants can be grown in a greenhouse.

A lot of research into medicinal plants and traditional remedies has now been carried out.

He leaves his house key under the potted plant on the porch.

The wall was covered with climbing plants.

(=one that grows along the ground or hangs down)

What should you do if your child has eaten a poisonous plant?

The plant grows to a height of about 20 inches.

A lot of plants thrive in partial shade.

The plants are flowering earlier this year.

He could see her watering the plants in her small garden.

All but the dirtiest of rivers support some plant life.

a factory or building where an industrial process happens

heavy machinery that is used in industrial processes

something illegal or stolen that is hidden in someone’s clothes or possessions to make them seem guilty of a crime

someone who is put somewhere or sent somewhere secretly to find out information


plant

to put plants or seeds in the ground to grow

We’ve planted tomatoes and carrots in the garden.

我们在菜园里种了番茄和胡萝卜。

[plant a field/garden/area etc (with sth)](bold)

to put something firmly in or on something else

He came up to her and planted a kiss on her cheek.

他走上前去，在她脸颊上深深一吻。

She planted her feet firmly to the spot and refused to move.

她双脚钉在那里，不肯移步。

to hide stolen or illegal goods in someone’s clothes, bags, room etc in order to make them seem guilty of a crime

She claims that the police planted the drugs on her.

她声称这些毒品是警察给她栽的赃。

Two men are accused of planting a bomb on the plane.

两名男子被控在飞机上放置炸弹。

to put or send someone somewhere, especially secretly, so that they can find out information

The police had planted undercover detectives at every entrance.

警方在每个入口处都布了密探。

plant an idea/doubt/suspicion (in sb’s mind)

to make someone begin to have an idea, especially so that they do not realize that you gave them the idea

（给某人）灌输想法/怀疑/猜疑

Someone must have planted the idea of suicide in his mind.


plantation

a large area of land in a hot country, where crops such as tea, cotton, and sugar are grown

a large group of trees grown to produce wood


plaque

a piece of flat metal, wood, or stone with writing on it, used as a prize in a competition or attached to a building to remind people of an event or person

匾牌，匾额〔用于奖励或纪念〕

那个队的教练得到一块匾牌。

[commemorative plaque](bold)(=a plaque to help people remember something important)

a harmful substance which forms on your teeth, which bacteria can live and breed in


plaster

a substance used to cover walls and ceilings with a smooth even surface. It consists of lime, water, and sand.

〔涂抹墙壁和天花板用的〕灰泥

a piece of thin material that is stuck on to the skin to cover a small wound

if you have a leg or arm in plaster, you have a plaster cast around it because a bone is broken and needs to be kept in place while it mends


plaster

[Plaster](bold)  is usually passive in meanings 1, 2 and 4.

to put a wet usually sticky substance all over a surface so that it is thickly covered

to completely cover a surface with something, especially large pieces of paper, pictures etc

〔尤指以大张的纸、图片等〕覆盖

The windows were plastered with notices.

The news of the wedding [was plastered all over the papers](bold)(=was the main story in the newspapers).

有关这场婚礼的新闻占满了各家报纸的版面。

to make your hair lie flat or stick to your head

把〔头发〕梳平；使〔头发〕紧贴

His hair was plastered to his forehead with sweat.

他汗湿的头发紧贴在前额上。

Her hair had been plastered down by the rain.

她的头发被雨水打湿，紧贴在脑袋上。


plastic

a plastic substance can be formed into many different shapes and keeps the shape it is formed into until someone changes it

something that is plastic looks or tastes artificial or not natural

我讨厌她那种做作的笑容。


plastic

a light strong material that is produced by a chemical process, and which can be made into different shapes when it is soft

small plastic cards that are used to pay for things instead of money

‘I haven’t got any cash.’ ‘Don’t worry, I’ll stick it on the plastic (=pay for it using a credit card).’

“我没带现金。” “别担心，我来刷卡。”

Do they take plastic?(=can you pay using a credit card?)


plate

→ Do not use [plate](bold) when you mean ‘food cooked in a particular way as a meal’. Use [dish](bold)[the chef who created this dish (NOT this plate)](italic)

a flat and usually round dish that you eat from or serve food on

〔食物〕一盘[碟]所盛之量

He’s eaten a whole plate of french fries.

a flat piece of metal with words or numbers on it, for example on a door or a car

〔印有文字或数字的〕金属牌；门牌；车牌

The brass plate on the door said ‘Dr Rackman’.

黄铜门牌上写着“雷克曼博士”。

[number/license/registration plate](bold)(=on a car)

有谁看到那辆汽车的车牌了？

→ [L-plate](->L-plate) → [nameplate](->nameplate)

to have a lot of problems to deal with or problems to worry about

要应付的问题很多，要操心的事情很多

one of the thin sheets of bone, horn etc that covers and protects the outside of some animals

〔骨质、角质等的〕盾片，鳞甲

a thin sheet of metal used to protect something

The shoes had metal plates attached to the heels.

one of the very large sheets of rock that form the surface of the Earth

ordinary metal with a thin covering of gold or silver

things such as plates, cups, forks, or knives made of gold or silver

to let someone get or achieve something easily, without much effort from them

I worked hard for what I’ve got. It wasn’t handed to me on a plate.

我现在拥有的一切都是辛苦挣来的，并不是人家白送的。

a sheet of metal that has been cut or treated in a special way so that words or pictures can be printed from its surface

a picture in a book, printed on good-quality paper and usually coloured

〔书中的〕整页（彩色）插图

a thin sheet of glass used especially in the past in photography, with chemicals on it that are sensitive to light

〔尤指过去摄影用的〕感光板[片]

the place where the person hitting the ball stands

used in the names of sports competitions or races in which the winner gets a silver plate

…银碟赛〔用于奖品为银碟的竞赛名称中〕

这匹马在戈尔韦银碟赛中获胜了。

a thin piece of plastic shaped to fit inside a person’s mouth, into which false teeth are fixed

a thin piece of plastic with wires fixed to it, that some people wear in their mouth to make their teeth straight


plate

to be covered with a thin covering of gold or silver

a beautiful necklace, plated with 22-carat gold

一条漂亮的22开镀金项链

to be covered in sheets of a hard material such as metal

被〔金属板等坚硬材料〕覆盖

The ship had been heavily plated with protective sheets.

那艘船加装了厚厚的护板。


plateau

[plural](italic) plateaus or [plural](italic) plateaux /-təʊz/ US /-ˈtoʊz/

a large area of flat land that is higher than the land around it

a period during which the level of something does not change, especially after a period when it was increasing

平稳时期，〔尤指某物增长后的〕稳定期


plateau

if something plateaus, it reaches and then stays at a particular level

The athletic footwear market has not yet plateaued.

运动鞋市场还未达到饱和。


platform

the raised place beside a railway track where you get on and off a train in a station

The Edinburgh train will depart from platform six.

开往爱丁堡的火车将从六号站台发车。

a stage for people to stand on when they are making a speech, performing etc

a small raised platform at one end of the room

the main ideas and aims of a political party, especially the ones that they state just before an election

〔尤指竞选之前发表的〕政纲，纲领

a chance for someone to express their opinions, especially their political opinions

〔尤指发表政治观点的〕机会，讲坛

The conference provides a platform for people on the left wing of the party.

这次会议给该党的左翼人士提供了发表意见的机会。

a tall structure built so that people can stand or work above the surrounding area

the type of computer system or software that someone uses

平台〔指使用中的计算机系统或软件〕

an opportunity to express your ideas to a large number of people

We mustn’t give these groups a platform for their propaganda.

我们不能给这些团体宣传机会。

the open part at the back of some double-decker buses, where passengers get on and off

〔双层公共汽车后部的〕出入口

shoes that have a raised thick soleflat bottom part and a high heel


plausible

[plausibility](bold) /ˌplɔːzəˈbɪləti/ US /ˌplɒː-/  n. <U>

reasonable and likely to be true or successful

他的叙述听上去当然很合理。

someone who is plausible is good at talking in a way that sounds reasonable and truthful, although they may in fact be lying

〔人〕花言巧语的；能言善辩的，能说会道的


play

play around
play around with
play along
play at
play back
play down
play off
play off against
play on/upon
play out
play up
play up to
play with

when children play, they do things that they enjoy, often with other people or with toys

Kids were playing and chasing each other.

Outside, the children were playing cowboys and Indians.

孩子们在外面玩牛仔和印第安人的游戏。

Did you like to play with dolls when you were little?

你小时候喜不喜欢玩洋娃娃？

Parents need to spend time just playing with their children.

父母应该花时间和自己的孩子一起玩耍。

to take part or compete in a game or sport

参赛；参加〔比赛或运动〕

Karen began playing basketball when she was six.

If you feel any pain, you shouldn’t play.

你要是觉得疼，就不该参赛。

Men were sitting in the park, playing cards.

Bristol will play against Coventry next week.

下周布里斯托尔队将迎战考文垂队。

She’s playing Helen Evans in the semi-final(=playing against her).

半决赛中她将迎战海伦·埃文斯。

Moxon played for England in ten test matches.

莫克森代表英格兰队参加过十场国际对抗赛。

to use a particular piece, card, person etc in a game or sport

〔比赛中〕走〔子〕；出〔牌〕；派〔某人〕出场

The Regents played Eddie at center (=used him as a player in that position) in the game against Arizona.

在和亚利桑那州立大学队的比赛中，瑞金大学队派埃迪上场担任中锋。

〔在运动队中〕打 …位置，打比赛

Garvey played first base for the Dodgers.

to hit a ball in a particular way or to a particular place in a game or sport

〔在比赛或运动中〕击，打〔球〕

She played the ball low, just over the net.

她把球打得很低，刚刚过网。

to perform a piece of music on a musical instrument

她演奏了一首巴赫的前奏曲。

黑登和许多著名的爵士乐手合作过。

一支小型管弦乐队在演奏。

if a radio, CD etc plays, or if you play it, it produces sound, especially music

床边的收音机播放着轻柔的乐曲。

DJs playing the latest house and techno tracks

播放最新浩室音乐和泰克诺音乐的打碟师

to perform the actions and say the words of a particular character in a theatre performance, film etc

斯特里普扮演一个腼腆、神经质的女人。

Playing a character so different from herself was a challenge.

扮演一个和她本人如此不同的角色是个挑战。

if a play or film is playing at a particular theatre, it is being performed or shown there

〔戏剧〕上演；〔电影〕上映

‘Macbeth’ is playing at the Theatre Royal in York.

《麦克白》正在约克的皇家剧院上演。

if actors play a theatre, they perform there in a play

to have an effect or influence on something

〔在某事中〕起作用，有影响

A good diet and fitness play a large part in helping people live longer.

健康的饮食和良好的身体素质特别有助于延年益寿。

to throw, kick, hit, or catch a ball as a game or activity

Jim and Karl were playing ball in the backyard.

So far, the company has refused to play ball, preferring to remain independent.

这家公司至今不愿配合，更希望保持独立。

to behave as if you are a particular kind of person or have a particular feeling or quality, even though it is not true

the accusation that scientists are [playing God](bold)

Some snakes fool predators by [playing dead](bold).

有些蛇会以装死来蒙骗猎食者。

‘What do you mean?’ ‘Don’t [play dumb](bold)(=pretend you do not know something).'

“你什么意思？” “别装糊涂了。”

Don’t [play the innocent ](bold)(=pretend you do not know about something) with me – we both know what happened.

别跟我装无辜，你我都知道发生了什么事。

Susan felt she had to play the good wife.

苏珊觉得自己必须扮成好妻子。

He [played the fool](bold)(=behaved in a silly way) at school instead of working.

他在学校瞎混而不用功学习。

to behave in a particular way in a situation, in order to achieve the result or effect that you want

以 …形式表现，以 …方式进行

[Play it safe](bold)(=avoid risks) and make sure the eggs are thoroughly cooked.

保险一点，一定要把这些蛋煮透。

If you like him, play it cool, or you might scare him off.

你要是喜欢他，就别露声色，否则可能会把他吓跑。

to hide your real feelings or wishes in order to achieve something in a clever or secret way – used to show disapproval

Stop playing games, Luke, and tell me what you want.

别耍花招了，卢克，告诉我你想要什么。

to decide what to do according to the way a situation develops, without making plans before that time

We’ll see what the weather’s like and [play it by ear](bold).

我们将根据天气情况随机应变。

if someone can play a musical instrument by ear, they can play a tune without looking at written music

to do something to someone as a joke or trick

to do things in the way you are expected to do them or in a way that is usual in a particular situation

If you want a promotion, you’ve got to play the game.

如果你想得到晋升，就要规规矩矩的。

play the race/nationalist/environmentalist etc card

to use a particular subject in politics in order to gain an advantage

打种族/民族主义/环保主义等的牌〔指使用某个政治话题来赢得优势〕

a leader who is skilfully playing the nationalist card to keep power

一名老练地打出民族主义牌以保持权力的领导人

to say or do things in a situation in such a way that you gain as much as possible from it

Who knows? [If you play your cards right](bold), maybe he’ll marry you.

谁知道呢？如果你精明些，说不定他会娶你呢。

to keep secret what you are doing in a situation

to do what someone you are competing with wants you to do, without realizing it

If we respond with violence, we’ll be playing into their hands, giving them an excuse for a fight.

如果我们以暴力回应，就正中他们下怀，给了他们挑起争斗的借口。

to try to delay something so that you have more time to prepare for it or prevent it from happening

The rebels may be playing for time while they try to get more weapons.

叛乱分子可能在拖延时间，想搞到更多的武器。

if your mind, memory, sight etc plays tricks on you, you feel confused and not sure about what is happening

〔头脑、记忆、视力等〕（使某人）产生错觉

It happened a long time ago, and my memory might be playing tricks on me.

那是很久以前的事了，我可能记不太清了。

to risk money on the stock market as a way of trying to earn more money

to use the rules of a system in a clever way, to gain advantage for yourself

钻制度的空子〔使自己得益〕

Accountants know how to play the tax system.

会计师知道如何钻税收制度的空子。

(also: [play second banana](bold) (informal) )

to be in a lower position or rank than someone else

to pretend that you are not sexually interested in someone so that they will become more interested in you

〔对异性〕欲擒故纵〔故意装出对某人不感兴趣的样子以吸引对方〕

if a smile plays about someone’s lips, they smile slightly

to stay away from school without permission

to do something that could have a very dangerous or harmful result

Dating the boss’s daughter is playing with fire.

和老板的女儿约会是在玩火。

to do what you are able to do well, rather than trying to do other things

发挥自己的长处，拿出自己的优势

It is up to us to play to our strengths and try to control the game.

要靠我们发挥自己的优势，尽力控制比赛。

if light plays on something, it shines on it and moves on it

if a fountain plays, water comes from it

to point a hose or light towards something so that water or light goes onto it

to have sexual relationships with a lot of different people

to not be careful about what you do, especially by not obeying the law or a rule

不负责任地利用某事物〔尤指不遵守法律或规定〕

They played fast and loose with investors’ money.

他们滥用了投资者的资金。

to spend time with your family, doing normal things, especially so that your family appears to be happy when it is not