deny

Officials denied allegations that torture was widespread.

The chairman denied any involvement in the affair.

CIA officers denied all knowledge of the operation.

You can’t deny the fact that we made a mistake.

Their chief executive denied rumours of the company’s decline.

Claims that money had been wasted were denied by the chairman of the committee.

The government has denied the existence of any political prisoners in the country.

Reports of government corruption have been strongly denied.

He vehemently denied that he had ever been to her house.

In the interview, he flatly denied that charge.

She hotly denied ever having taken drugs.

King has repeatedly denied being a gang member.

[past tense and past participle](italic) [denied](bold) [present participle](italic) [denying](bold) [third person singular](italic) [denies](bold)

to say that something is not true, or that you do not believe something

I’ve never denied that there is a housing problem.

我从未否认过存在住房问题。

我不能否认她的话伤害了我。

Two men have denied murdering a woman at a remote picnic spot.

两名男子否认在一个偏僻的野餐地点谋杀了一名女子。

[strongly/vehemently/strenuously etc deny sth](bold)

Jackson vehemently denied the allegations.

The government [denied the existence of](bold) poverty among 16- and 17-year-olds.

政府否认十六七岁的青少年当中存在贫困问题。

这几名男子否认了盗窃指控。

You [deny ](bold) doing something: She denied taking the money.
Don’t say: [She denied to take the money.](strike)

to refuse to allow someone to have or do something

拒绝，不允许〔某人拥有某物或做某事〕

Some landowners deny access to the countryside.

有些土地所有者不允许人们进入乡村。

This is the only country in Europe to deny cancer screening to its citizens.

used to say that it is very clear that something is true

There’s no denying that this is an important event.

无可否认，这是个重要事件。

to refuse to admit that you are feeling something

Emotions can become destructive if they are suppressed and denied.

情绪如受到压抑和否认，就可能造成破坏性后果。

to decide not to have something that you would like, especially for moral or religious reasons

〔尤指出于道德或宗教原因〕节制，戒绝，禁绝

He denied himself all pleasures and luxuries.


depart

to leave, especially when you are starting a journey

离开，启程，动身，（从 …）出发

ocean liners arriving at and departing from the island

上周多萝西动身去德国了。

Flights by Air Europe depart Gatwick on Tuesdays.

欧洲航空公司的航班每周二从盖特威克机场起飞。

In everyday English, people usually say [leave](bold)  or [go](bold)  rather than [depart](bold) :

What time does the next plane [leave/go](bold)?

Flights [leave](bold) from Gatwick on Tuesdays.

to start to use new ideas or do something in a different way

It’s revolutionary music; it departs from the old form and structures.

这是革命性的音乐，突破了旧的形式和结构。

In his speech, the president departed from his text only once.

总统讲话时只有一次脱稿。


department

[departmental](bold) /ˌdiːpɑːtˈmentl◂/ US /-ɑːr-/  adj. eg: a departmental meeting

The Home Office is the government department responsible for prisons.

University departments are generally judged by their research quality.

the Biology/Maths/History etc department

the Chemistry department at Southampton University

the finance/marketing/design etc department

He worked in the sales department of a small software company.

I had to go to  the physiotherapy department for treatment twice a week.

These decisions are made by the department head.

After two years, he was promoted to the job of department manager.

All department staff will be affected by the new working hours.

the Department of Health/Trade/Education etc

All members of the Biology Department are actively committed to research.

one of the groups of people who work together in a particular part of a large organization such as a hospital, university, company, or government

〔医院、大学、公司、政府等的〕科，系，处，部

an area in a large shop where a particular type of product is sold

if something is someone’s department, they are responsible for it or know a lot about it

是某人的职责；是某人的专长

I’ll see what I can do, but it’s not really my department.

我会看看能做点什么，不过这其实不属于我的职责范围。

a particular part of someone’s character, or a particular part of a larger activity or subject

〔个性的〕某一方面；〔大型活动、主题等的〕某一部分内容

Dave was lacking in the trustworthiness department.


department store

a large shop that is divided into separate departments, each selling a different type of goods


departure

I didn't know how I was going to explain his abrupt departure to the others.

I'm afraid your flight departure has been delayed.

I decided to delay my departure by a few days.

You cannot make a change to your booking within six weeks of your departure date.

Luxor is one departure point for boat trips down the Nile.

(=an exit from an airport to get a particular flight)

It was a long walk with all our luggage to the departure gate.

(=a room at an airport where people wait before their flights leave)

(=a board showing the times of planes or trains)

I scanned the departures board for details of my flight.

an act of leaving a place, especially at the start of a journey

I saw Simon shortly before his departure for Russia.

我在西蒙动身去俄罗斯前不久见过他。

There was a delay in the departure of our plane.

Mozart’s departure from Paris in September 1778

1778年9月莫扎特离开巴黎

an act of leaving an organization or position

〔从某组织的〕离开；离职

He refused to discuss his departure from the government.

他拒绝谈论离开政府一事。

a flight, train etc that leaves at a particular time

〔航班、火车等的〕出发班次

There are several departures for New York every day.

每天有好几个班次去纽约。

a way of doing something that is different from the usual, traditional, or expected way

〔对惯例、传统或预期的〕背离，偏离

Their new designs represent a departure from their usual style.

他们的新设计突破了一贯的风格。

[radical/major/significant etc departure](bold)(=a big change)

This would be a radical departure from the subsidy system.

这将是对补贴制度的一项重大变革。


depend

You say: The cost depends on the time of year.

You can also use the adjective [dependent](bold) : The cost is dependent on the time of year.
Don’t say: [The cost is depend on the time of year.](strike)

[Depend](bold)  is not used in the progressive. You say: It depends (on) what you want.
Don’t say: [It is depending (on) what you want.](strike)

However, the present participle [depending](bold)  is often used: It costs between $50 and $70, depending on what you want.

to need something or someone in order to exist, or be healthy, successful etc

The island’s economy depends on tourism.

The two industries depend on each other.

Many people depend on the sport for their livelihoodthey need it in order to make money to live.

to depend on something or someone to do or provide what you need, especially because you have no choice

In rural areas, many people rely on public transport.

She’d never wanted to rely on a man for money.

to depend on something that you expect to happen

Their government was counting on American support.

I’m counting on getting a pay rise next year.

to depend on someone for support and encouragement, especially at a difficult time

We all need a good friend that we can lean on.

When her husband died, she leant on Mike for support.

used to say that you cannot give a definite answer to something because your answer will be affected by something else

‘How long are you staying?’ ‘I don’t know; it depends.’

“你打算待多久？” “我不知道，得看情况。”

You may take several months to reach your target weight – it depends how much you want to lose.

要达到目标体重也许需要几个月——这取决于你想减掉多少。


dependable

[dependability](bold) /dɪˌpendəˈbɪləti/  n. <U>

able to be trusted to do what you need or expect


dependence

also: [dependency](bold)  [n](bold) <[U](bold)>

when you depend on the help and support of someone or something else in order to exist or be successful

our dependence on oil as a source of energy

the financial dependency of some women on men

一些女性对男性的经济依赖

when someone is addicted to drugs or alcohol

when one thing is strongly affected by another thing

the mutual dependence of profit and growth


dependent

Someone or something is [dependent on](bold)  something: We are all dependent on computers.
Don’t say: [ dependent of something](strike)

needing someone or something in order to exist, be successful, be healthy etc

Norway’s economy is [heavily dependent](bold) on natural resources.

挪威经济严重依赖自然资源。

Jan’s mother was [dependent on](bold) her [for](bold) physical care.

简的母亲生活起居靠简照顾。

Do you have any [dependent children](bold)(=who you are still supporting financially)?

你有没有需要抚养的孩子？

药物[毒品]依赖者的需求

a danger of becoming [alcohol dependent](bold)

to be directly affected or decided by something else

Your pay is dependent on how much you produce.


depict

to describe something or someone in writing or speech, or to show them in a painting, picture etc

→see THESAURUS at [describe](->describe)

a book depicting life in pre-revolutionary Russia

描写革命前俄国人生活的一本书

The god is depicted as a bird with a human head.

这个神被描绘成人首鸟身。


deploy

to organize or move soldiers, military equipment etc so that they are in the right place and ready to be used

部署，调度〔士兵、军事装备等〕

NATO’s decision to deploy cruise missiles

北约要部署巡航导弹的决定

to use something for a particular purpose, especially ideas, arguments etc

利用，调动〔尤指想法、论据等〕

a job in which a variety of professional skills will be deployed

要用到多项专业技能的工作


deport

[deportation](bold) /ˌdiːpɔːˈteɪʃ/ US /-pɔːr-/  n. <C,U> eg: the deportation of illegal immigrants

to make someone leave a country and return to the country they came from, especially because they do not have a legal right to stay

将〔尤指无合法居留权的外国人〕驱逐出境

He was deported from Ecuador when his visa expired.

签证过期后，他被驱逐出厄瓜多尔。


deposit

Car hire firms may ask you to pay a deposit in advance.

You'll get your deposit back when all the bills have been paid.

If there is any damage to the apartment, you may lose your deposit.

When I left, the landlord refused to give me my deposit back.

Your deposit will be returned to you when you leave the flat.

(=that you get back later if there is no damage)

We ask for a refundable deposit of 500 Euros.

a part of the cost of something you are buying that you pay some time before you pay the rest of it

[put down a deposit (on sth)](bold)(=pay a deposit)

money that you pay when you rent something such as an apartment or car, which will be given back if you do not damage it

We ask for one month’s rent in advance, plus a deposit of $500.

我们要求预付一个月租金，再加500美元押金。

an amount of money that is paid into a bank account

I’d like to [make a deposit](bold)(=pay some money) into my savings account.

我想存一笔钱到储蓄账户里。

a layer of a mineral, metal etc that is left in soil or rocks through a natural process

an amount or layer of a substance that gradually develops in a particular place

an amount of money paid by a candidate in a political election in Britain, that is returned to them if they get enough votes

[lose your deposit](bold)(=not get enough votes)


deposit

to put something down in a particular place

The female deposits her eggs directly into the water.

to leave a layer of a substance on the surface of something, especially gradually

As the river slows down, it deposits a layer of soil.

河水流速变慢时，便沉积下来一层泥土。

to put money or something valuable in a bank or other place where it will be safe

〔往银行账户〕存〔钱〕；存放〔贵重物品〕

You are advised to deposit your valuables in the hotel safe.

您最好把贵重物品存到酒店保险箱里。

The dollars are then deposited with banks outside the USA.

这些美金随后被存入美国境外的银行。

In everyday English, people usually say they [put in](bold)  or [pay in](bold)  money, rather than [deposit](bold)  money:

I [paid/put](bold) $100 [into](bold) his account.

You should [put](bold) your valuables [in](bold) the hotel safe.


depot

a place where goods are stored until they are needed

the company’s [distribution depot](bold)

a place where buses etc are kept and repaired

a railway station or bus station, especially a small one

〔尤指小型的〕火车站，公交站


depressed

The boy said he was unhappy at school and felt depressed.

If you get depressed, talk to someone about it.

Is Jo all right? She sounded a bit depressed.

He became severely depressed after losing his job.

I could see that she was deeply depressed.

I felt a bit depressed because I was so short of money.

(=depressed in a way that doctors recognize as an illness)

His medical records show that he was suicidal and clinically depressed.

She [felt](bold) lonely and [depressed](bold).

The divorce left him [deeply depressed](bold).

I was [depressed at the thought of](bold) all the hard work ahead.

我想到有那么多辛苦的工作要做就发愁。

suffering from a medical condition in which you are so unhappy that you cannot live a normal life

patients who are [clinically depressed](bold)

临床诊断患有抑郁症的病人

an area, industry etc that is depressed does not have enough economic or business activity

〔地区、产业等〕不景气的，萧条的，经济低迷的

a depressed level or amount is lower than normal


depressing

[depressingly](bold) adv. eg: depressingly poor results

The whole experience was very depressing.


depression

a medical condition that makes you very unhappy and anxious and often prevents you from living a normal life

women who suffer from [post-natal depression](bold)(=that sometimes happens after the birth of a baby)

a feeling of sadness that makes you think there is no hope for the future

Lucy’s mood was one of [deep depression](bold).

the period during the 1930s when there was not much business activity and not many jobs

〔20世纪30年代的〕大萧条

a long period during which there is very little business activity and a lot of people do not have jobs

the devastating effects of [economic depression](bold)

a part of a surface that is lower than the other parts

a mass of air under low pressure, that usually causes rain


deprivation

the lack of something that you need in order to be healthy, comfortable, or happy

[Sleep deprivation](bold) can result in mental disorders.

睡眠剥夺可能会引起精神障碍。

Low birth weight is related to economic deprivation.

低出生体重与经济贫困有关。


deprived

not having the things that are necessary for a comfortable or happy life

[Deprived children](bold) tend to do less well at school.

[deprived areas/neighbourhoods etc](bold)(=where a lot of deprived people live)


depth

the distance from the top surface of something such as a river or hole to the bottom of it

〔从顶部到底部的〕深，深度

a sea with an average depth of 35 metres

平均深度为35米的一片海域

The cave descends to a depth of 340 feet.

这个地洞深达340英尺。

Plant the beans at a depth of about six inches.

把这些豆子种在地下大约六英寸深的地方。

[a metre/foot etc in depth](bold)(=deep)

the distance from the front to the back of an object

〔从前到后的〕纵深，进深

The depth of the shelves is about 35 cm.

how strong an emotion is or how serious a situation is

〔情感的〕强烈程度；〔情况的〕严重程度

the depth of public feeling on this issue

在这个问题上民众情绪的强烈程度

People need to realize the depth of the problem.

人们须认识到这个问题的严重程度。

the quality of having a lot of knowledge, understanding, or experience

I was impressed by the depth of her knowledge.

她的知识深度给我留下了深刻印象。

有渊博学识和深刻洞察力的男人

She’s quiet, but perhaps she has [hidden depths](bold).

她沉默寡言，不过也有可能是深藏不露。

when a lot of details about a subject are provided or considered

〔就某一专题所提供信息的〕深度，详细程度

Network news coverage often lacks depth.

广播电视网络上的新闻报道往往缺乏深度。

The subject was discussed [in great depth](bold).

这个主题探讨得十分深入。

to be involved in a situation or activity that is too difficult for you to understand or deal with

不能理解；超出自身的能力

I felt completely out of my depth at the meeting.

我在会上感到自己一点都听不懂。

to be in water that is too deep for you to stand in

when a bad feeling or situation is at its worst level

〔坏情绪或坏情况〕最强烈的时刻，最糟糕的时候

She was [in the depths of despair](bold).

The country was recovering from [the depths of recession](bold).

这个国家正在从深度衰退中复苏。

the depths of the ocean/countryside/forest etc

the part that is furthest away from people, and most difficult to reach

Astronomers may one day travel to the depths of space.

天文学家也许有一天可以到太空深处去。

the middle of winter, especially when it is very cold


deputy

someone who is directly below another person in rank, and who is officially in charge when that person is not there

someone whose job is to help a sheriff in the US

〔美国〕副治安官，副警长

a member of parliament in some countries, for example France


derive

to get something, especially an advantage or a pleasant feeling, from something

得到，获得〔尤指优势或愉快感受〕

Medically, we will [derive](bold) great [benefit](bold) from this technique.

从医学角度来讲，这一技术将使我们受益匪浅。

Many students derived enormous satisfaction from the course.

许多学生从这门课程中获得了巨大的满足感。

patterns of behaviour that derive from basic beliefs

In everyday English, people usually say that something [comes from](bold)  something rather than [is derived from](bold)  something:

to get a chemical substance from another substance

这种酶是从人体血液中提取的。


descend

to move from a higher level to a lower one

I heard his footsteps descending the stairs.

The path continues for some way before descending to Garsdale Head.

小径延伸一段距离后，向下通往加斯代尔角。

In everyday English, people usually say [go down](bold)  or [come down](bold)  rather than [descend](bold) :

I heard his footsteps [coming down](bold) the stairs.

if darkness, silence, a feeling etc descends, it becomes dark etc or you start to feel something, especially suddenly

〔黑暗、寂静等突然〕降临；〔感情等突然〕袭来，来临

An air of gloom descended over the party headquarters.

一片阴郁的气氛笼罩了该党总部。

numbers, choices etc that are in descending order are arranged from the highest or most important to the lowest or least important

按（某事物的）降序排列〔按照从高到低或从重要到次要的顺序排列〕

The hotels are listed in descending order of price.

这些宾馆按价格从高到低列出。


descendant

someone who is related to a person who lived a long time ago, or to a family, group of people etc that existed in the past

→see THESAURUS at [relative](->relative) 1

[sb’s descendants/the descendants of sb](bold)

The coastal areas were occupied by the descendants of Greek colonists.

沿海地区居住着希腊殖民者的后裔。

He was a [direct descendant](bold) of Napoleon Bonaparte.

他是拿破仑·波拿巴的直系后裔。

something that has developed from something else

Quechua is a descendant of the Inca language.

克丘亚语是印加语的一种派生语。


descent

Passengers must fasten their seat belts prior to descent.

乘客在飞机降落之前必须系好安全带。

The descent to Base Camp took about two days.

下到大本营大约花了两天时间。

your family origins, especially your nationality or relationship to someone important who lived a long time ago

The emperor [claimed descent](bold) from David.

这个皇帝自称是大卫王的后代。

There is no direct descent from the summit.

a gradual change towards behaviour or a situation that is very bad

[descent into alcoholism/chaos/madness etc](bold)

〔不受欢迎的〕突然到访；突袭

the descent on the town by a motorcycle gang


describe

to talk or write about a person, place, event etc, in order to show what they are like

Could you try and describe the man you saw?

In her book, she describes her journey across the Sahara.

Police described the attack as particularly violent.

to describe someone or something to someone. This phrase is more commonly used than [describe ](bold) in everyday spoken English

to describe someone or something in a piece of writing

His stories depict life in Trinidad as seen through the eyes of a young boy.

In this new biography she is depicted as a lonely and unhappy woman.

to describe someone or something in a particular way

College teachers are often represented on television shows as slightly eccentric.

The magazine has been criticized for the way it portrays women.

The treatment has been portrayed as a painless way of curing cancer, which is simply not true.

Police have represented her as a willing participant in the crimes.

to describe someone or something by emphasizing one particular quality or feature about them

He characterized himself as ‘an average American’.

The successful schools were characterized as innovative and creative.

to describe someone or something, especially in a way that makes people believe something that is not true

Not all young people are as bad as they’re painted in the press.

We won, yet the media is painting it as a victory for our opponents.

The woman was painted as having only a slight grasp of reality.

to describe a situation, so that people can get a general idea of what it is like

Can you paint a picture of life in Japan for us?

My uncle’s letters generally painted a rosy picture of how things were.

The report painted a bleak picture of the management’s failures.

to say what something or someone is like by giving details about them

The police asked her to describe the man.

警察叫她描述一下那名男子。

Another approach to the problem is described in Chapter 3.

第三章阐述了这个问题的另一种解决方法。

[describe sb/sth as (being/having) sth](bold)

After the operation her condition was described as comfortable.

手术后她的状况被描述为良好。

The youth is described as being 18 to 19 years old.

据描述这名青年有十八九岁。

那和我说说这位新男友吧！

He described finding his mother lying on the floor.

他描述了发现妈妈躺在地上的情景。

to make a movement which forms the shape of a circle etc

她用手在空中画了一个圆。


description

She was unable to give the police a description of her attacker.

The diary provides a clear description of farming life in the 1850s.

(=formally give a description of someone to the public)

Police have issued a description of the two men they are looking for.

(=be like the person in a police description)

The first man they arrested did not fit the description given by the victim.

(=a person who looks like someone in a police description)

A young girl answering  this description has been seen in Spain.

Her descriptions of the natural world are very good.

He gave us a clear description of the situation in the city.

Some of his descriptions of the island are very detailed.

I don't think the hotel's description of its facilities was very accurate.

The book contains some vivid descriptions of his childhood.

We have a perfect description of the man we are looking for.

Please give a full description of your responsibilities in your present job.

I didn't want to hear a lengthy description of their holiday.

There's only a brief description of the hotel on the Internet.

He started by giving us a general description of the manufacturing process.

(=very clear and containing a lot of details, usually about something unpleasant)

The book has some graphic descriptions of life in the prison camp.

a piece of writing or speech that gives details about what someone or something is like

The booklet gives a brief description of each place.

这本小册子对每一个地方都作了简短的介绍。

Berlin sounds fascinating from your description.

从你的描述来看，柏林是个迷人的城市。

to be too good, bad, big etc to be described easily

The death and destruction were beyond description.

死亡和破坏的惨状无法形容。

people or things of every type, some type etc

各种各样/某种/任何一种等

People of all descriptions came to see the show.

形形色色的人都来观看演出。


descriptive

describing how the words of a language are actually used, rather than saying how they ought to be used

描写性的〔指描述词语的实际使用情况，而不是规定其用法〕


desert

→ Do not confuse with [dessert](bold) (=the sweet part of a meal).

Outside the city there was nothing but empty desert.

Very little can grow in this arid desert.

The interior of the country is an inhospitable desert.

Years of intensive farming have turned the area into a barren desert.

A hot dry wind blows from the desert areas of North Africa.

the flat desert landscape outside Kuwait

Animals shelter from the desert sun during the day.

In front of us was nothing but a vast expanse of desert.

a large area of land where it is always very dry, there are few plants, and there is a lot of sand or rocks

This area of the country is mostly desert.

该国这一地区大部分是沙漠。

a place where there is no activity or where nothing interesting happens

铁路调车场现在冷冷清清。


desert

to leave someone or something and no longer help or support them

Many of the party’s traditional voters deserted it at the last election.

许多长期支持该党的选民在上次选举中抛弃了它。

The price rise caused many readers to desert the magazine.

价格上涨导致许多读者放弃了这本杂志。

他为了另一个女人抛弃了她。

to leave a place so that it is completely empty

to leave the army, navy etc without permission

if a feeling, quality, or skill deserts you, you no longer have it, especially at a time when you need it

〔感觉、品质或技能〕离开，背离〔某人〕

Mike’s confidence seemed to have deserted him.

迈克的信心似乎已经离他而去。


deserted

empty and quiet because no people are there

The old mine now [stands](bold) completely [deserted](bold).

a wife etc who has been left by her husband etc

被遗弃的妻子/丈夫/孩子等


deserve

Once the students have done their exams they deserve a break.

Our police officers deserve our respect.

The team played really well and they deserve credit for it.

This is a splendid proposal which deserves our support.

The teaching profession deserves more recognition.

(=deserve to be treated better or to be in a better situation)

They treated him badly at work and I thought he deserved better.

(=used especially in speeches to mention someone's good work or actions)

Richard deserves a special mention for all his hard work on this project.

You need top grades to deserve a place at the best universities.

If you commit a crime, you have deserved punishment.

He didn't work so he thoroughly deserved his poor marks.

(=greatly deserve something good that happens)

The restaurant has a well deserved reputation for excellent fish.

(=experience something bad after you have behaved badly)

I like films where the bad guys get what they deserve.

She's behaved really stupidly and she deserves all she gets.

to have earned something by good or bad actions or behaviour

应得，应受到〔奖赏或惩罚〕

我做了什么，要遭到这样的报应？

[richly/fully/thoroughly etc deserve sth](bold)

I’m sorry for the kids. They [deserve better](bold)(=deserve to be treated in a better way).

我为这些孩子感到难过。他们应该过得更好。

[deserve a rest/break/holiday etc](bold)

I think we deserve a rest after all that hard work.

辛苦了那么久，我想我们应该休息一下了。

Ledley [deserves](bold) a [place](bold) in the team.

莱德利应该在队里占有一席之地。

Paula [deserves](bold) a special [mention](bold) for all the help she has given us.

应该特别提一下葆拉，她给了我们许多帮助。

I would never hit anyone, even if they deserved it.

我决不会打人，哪怕对方欠揍。

What has he done to [deserve](bold) this [punishment](bold)?

他做了什么竟会受到这样的惩罚？

[deserve all/everything you get](bold)(=deserve any bad things that happen to you)

He deserves all he gets for being so dishonest.

他这么不老实，真是罪有应得。

People who are sent to prison for drunk-driving [get what they deserve](bold).

因醉酒驾车被送进监狱的人是罪有应得。

[Deserve](bold)  is not used in the progressive. You say: She deserves a prize.
Don’t say: [She is deserving a prize.](strike)

if a suggestion, idea, or plan deserves consideration, attention etc, it is good enough to be considered, paid attention to etc

〔建议、观点或计划〕值得考虑/注意等

This proposal deserves serious consideration.

used to say that you admire the way someone dealt with a situation or problem

某人该得一枚勋章〔表示欣赏某人应付某种局面或某个问题的方式〕

You deserve a medal for putting up with Ian’s constant demands.

你能忍耐伊恩一个又一个要求，真该得一枚勋章。


design

Good design is very important in a house.

The latest model of the car has a much simpler design.

Many people were against such a modern design in the old city centre.

Our new range of furniture has a traditional design.

(=relating to the style of Ancient Greece or Rome)

The basic design of the two churches is very similar.

Use your imagination to create an interesting design in the garden.

We asked the architect to come up with another design.

(=something interesting or attractive that is part of the design)

The aircraft has some novel design features.

(=a part of something  that does not work well or look good)

If a washing-machine makes too much noise, it’s a design fault.

the art or process of making a drawing of something to show how you will make it or what it will look like

The new plane is in its final design stage.

这种新型飞机正处于最后的设计阶段。

the way that something has been planned and made, including its appearance, how it works etc

〔外观、运转方式等的〕设计

The car’s design has been greatly improved.

这款汽车的设计大有改进。

Some changes have been made to the computer’s basic design.

这款计算机的基本设计已经作了一些修改。

The electric windows are an important [design feature](bold) of this model.

电动窗是这个型号一个重要的设计特点。

Vinyl flooring is available in a wide range of designs.

乙烯基地板有很多种图案可供选择。

a drawing that shows how something will be made or what it will look like

We shall never know whether this happened by accident or by design.

我们永远也不会知道这件事是个意外还是有意为之。

He has some [grand designs](bold) for the company.

他对公司发展有一些宏图大计。

to want something for yourself, especially because it will bring you money

图谋占有〔尤指可以带来钱财的东西〕

Several developers have designs on the property.

好几个开发商觊觎这块地产。

to want a sexual relationship with someone


design

to make a drawing or plan of something that will be made or built

The tower was designed by Gilbert Scott.

这座塔楼是吉尔伯特·斯科特设计的。

She designed a new logo for the company.

她给公司设计了一个新标志。

to plan or develop something for a specific purpose

〔为特定目的〕计划，设计

These exercises are designed to strengthen muscles.

这些运动意在增强肌肉力量。

这门课程是为初学者设计的。

The book is designed as a reference manual.

这本书设计成了参考手册。

[Design](bold)  is usually passive in this meaning.


designate

to choose someone or something for a particular job or purpose

〔为特定工作或目的〕委任，选定，指派

The lake was recently designated a conservation area.

该湖最近被指定为保护区。

Funds were designated for projects in low-income areas.

低收入地区的工程有指定资金。

She has been designated to take over the position of treasurer.

她已被指派接任财务主管一职。

to represent or refer to something using a particular sign, name etc

〔用特定符号、名称等〕标明，表示

Buildings are designated by red squares on the map.

在地图上，建筑物用红色方块标明。


designate

used after the name of an official job to show that someone has been chosen for that job but has not yet officially started work


designer

the well-known fashion designer, Giorgio Armani

Christian Lacroix was one of Paris's most flamboyant dress designers.

(=a very good and famous fashion designer)

She always wore clothes by top designers.

(=for the colours, materials etc inside people's homes)

The apartment's previous owners had hired an expensive interior designer.

(=who designs the way pictures and words look in books, magazines etc)

He's been working as a graphic designer for two years.

Software designers are working on a new operating system.

The software allows Web designers to embed small programs into their webpages.

A landscape designer was commissioned to design the garden.

The tables and chairs were made by the furniture designer Robert White.

He spent eight years as a costume designer for TV commercials.

someone whose job is to make plans or patterns for clothes, furniture, equipment etc

〔服装、家具、设备等的〕设计师，设计者


designer

made by a well-known and fashionable designer

由著名设计师设计的；名牌的，品牌的

[designer label](bold)(=an expensive brand from a well-known designer)


desirable

dɪˈzaɪərəbəl

[desirability](bold) /dɪˌzaɪrəˈbɪləti/ US /-ˌzaɪr-/  n. <U>

something that is desirable is worth having or doing

理想的，值得拥有的；值得做的

The ability to speak a foreign language is [highly desirable](bold).

[It is desirable that](bold) you should have some familiarity with computers.

It is desirable to keep the cost as low as possible.


desire

[your heart’s desire](bold) at → [heart](->heart) 1 sense 24

His one great desire in life was to own a Mercedes.

(=so strong that it takes control of you )

He felt an overwhelming desire for a cigarette.

The people of the village had a deep desire for revenge.

All her life she had a genuine desire to help the poor.

Kids have a natural desire to find out about new things.

She had a burning desire to pack her case and leave.

She had an insatiable desire for publicity.

Milly had a sudden strong desire to laugh.

Many political leaders have expressed their desire for peace.

He had shown no desire to get involved in the project.

Companies aim to satisfy people's desire for variety.

It was raining outside and I had no desire to go out.

(=someone or something you want very much)

The store provides cheese lovers with the object of their desire.

It was Harold’s desire that he should be buried next to his wife.

哈罗德的愿望是安葬在妻子旁边。

[have no desire to do sth](bold)(=used to emphasize that you do not want to do something)

[overwhelming/burning desire](bold)(=very strong desire)

Paul had a burning desire to visit India.


desire

[desired](bold) adj. eg: His remarks [had the desired effect](bold).

[Desire](bold)  is not usually used in the progressive. You say: He desires adventure.
Don’t say: [He is desiring adventure.](strike)

The hotel has [everything you could](bold) possibly [desire](bold).

这家酒店里你想要的东西应有尽有。

In everyday English, people usually say [want](bold)  rather than [desire,](bold)  although the meaning of [desire](bold)  is stronger than [want](bold) :


desk

(=covered with papers, books etc in an untidy way)

His desk is so cluttered he can't find anything.

There are one or two empty desks in the office.

The children are at their school desks by 8:30 in the morning.

I got back from holiday to find piles of papers on my office desk.

Under the window was a small writing desk.

I don't want to do a job in which I'm sitting at a desk all day.

He got up from his desk to welcome the visitors.

It's a good idea to clear your desk regularly.

(=working mostly at a desk in an office)

He left his desk job to become a gardener.

I think I left my car keys in the desk drawer.

Don't forget to switch off the desk lamp.

a piece of furniture like a table, usually with drawers in it, that you sit at to write and work

书桌，办公桌，写字台〔通常有抽屉〕

a place where you can get information or use a particular service in a hotel, airport etc

〔酒店、机场等的〕服务台，问讯台

an office that deals with a particular subject, especially in newspapers or television

〔尤指报社或电视台负责某题材的〕部，司，组，室


desktop

the main area on a computer where you can find the icons that represent programs, and where you can do things to manage the information on the computer


despair

[the depths of despair](bold)(=very strong feelings of despair)

The noise from the neighbours used to [drive](bold) him [to despair](bold).

过去，邻居家的噪声常常吵得他抓狂。

To the despair of the workers, the company announced the closure of the factory.

令工人们绝望的是，公司宣布关闭工厂。

to make someone feel very worried, upset, or unhappy

让某人感到担忧[心烦，痛苦]


despair

Despite his illness, Ron never despaired.

尽管疾病缠身，罗恩却从不绝望。

他对找到她已经不抱希望了。


desperate

Brian’s parents agreed to the treatment in a desperate attempt to save his life.

He was standing in the middle of the road in a desperate bid to get help.

A desperate effort was made to reach an agreement.

The climbers faced a desperate struggle to reach safety.

(=extreme things you do to stop a problem or bad situation)

They had to take desperate measures to stop the spread of the disease.

The female bear has left her young in a desperate search for food.

willing to do anything to change a very bad situation, and not caring about danger

〔为了改变糟糕境遇而〕不顾一切的，拼命的

Time was running out and we were [getting desperate](bold).

时间所剩无几，我们心急如焚。

the missing teenager’s desperate parents

a desperate situation is very bad or serious

We’re [in desperate need of](bold) help.

a desperate action is something that you only do because you are in a very bad situation

We resorted to [desperate measures](bold).

我们采取了破釜沉舟的做法。


desperately

The doctors [tried desperately](bold) to save her life.

医生们不惜一切挽救她的生命。

He looked round desperately for someone to help him.

他焦急地四处张望，希望有人来帮他。


desperation

She resorted to stealing food out of desperation.

她情急之下只好偷东西吃。

In desperation, we had to borrow the money.

迫不得已，我们只得借这笔钱。


despise

[Despise](bold)  is not used in the progressive. You say: I despise such ignorance.
Don’t say: [I am despising such ignorance.](strike)

to dislike and have a low opinion of someone or something


despite

You say [despite doing](bold)  something: He won despite being injured.

You say [despite the fact that](bold) : He won despite the fact that he was injured.
Don’t say: [He won despite he was injured.](strike)

Don’t confuse [despite](bold)  and [in spite of](bold) .
Don’t say: [despite of](strike)

used to say that something happens or is true even though something else might have prevented it

Despite all our efforts to save the school, the authorities decided to close it.

尽管我们竭力想保住这所学校，当局还是决定把它关掉。

She went to Spain despite the fact that her doctor had told her to rest.

尽管医生叫她休息，她还是去了西班牙。

if you do something despite yourself, you do it although you did not intend to

Liz realized that, despite herself, she cared about Edward.

利兹发现自己不由自主地在乎爱德华。


dessert

sweet food served after the main part of a meal

〔饭后的〕甜点，甜食，甜品


destination

Las Vegas is the country's top tourist destination.

If you like the sun, Tunisia is the ideal holiday destination.

Scotland is a popular destination for conferences.

The Greek islands are a favourite destination for people who enjoy the sun and the sea.

the Himalayas, one of the world's most sought-after destinations

(=far away from where you are, and exciting)

The company arranges tours to exotic destinations such as Nepal.

also: sb's ultimate destination (formal)

At around 1pm we arrived at our final destination.

Strong winds blew the yacht several miles away from its intended destination.

also: get to your destination (informal)

It had taken us 6 hours to reach our destination.

the place that someone or something is going to

Allow plenty of time to get to your destination.

要留出充裕的时间前往目的地。

毛伊岛是很受欢迎的旅游目的地。

a place to stay that is the reason for visiting a country or area because it is special or provides many services or activities


destined

seeming certain to happen at some time in the future

She seemed destined for a successful career.

to be travelling to a particular place, or intended to go there

a destined person or thing is one that you will have in the future


destiny

the things that will happen to someone in the future, especially those that cannot be changed or controlled

Nancy wondered whether it was her destiny to live in England and marry Melvyn.

南希想知道她生活在英格兰又嫁给梅尔文是不是命运的安排。

the power that some people believe decides what will happen to them in the future

She always had a strong [sense of destiny](bold).

她总有一种强烈的宿命感。


destroy

to damage something so badly that it no longer exists or cannot be used or repaired

The earthquake almost completely destroyed the city.

The twin towers were destroyed in a terrorist attack.

to damage a large area very badly and destroy many things in it

Allied bombings in 1943 devastated the city.

The country’s economy has been devastated by years of fighting.

to completely destroy a building, either deliberately or by accident

The original 15th century house was demolished in Victorian times.

The plane crashed into a suburb of Paris, demolishing several buildings.

to destroy a building or town by knocking it down, bombing it etc, so that nothing is left standing

The town centre was flattened by a 500 lb bomb.

to deliberately damage something very badly, especially a room or building

The toilets had been wrecked by vandals.

to deliberately destroy a lot of the things in a room, house etc

Apparently, he trashed his hotel room while on drugs.

to destroy a place so completely that nothing remains

The nuclear blast obliterated most of Hiroshima.

to destroy a building or town completely

The town was reduced to rubble in the First World War.

to spoil something completely, so that it cannot be used or enjoyed

(=deliberately destroy evidence of a crime)

They set light to the car to destroy the evidence.

Some of these companies are polluting and destroying the environment.

No one wants another war, which might destroy the world.

She made one bad mistake and it destroyed her career.

New buildings have destroyed much of the character of the area.

Losing the game destroyed the team’s hopes of reaching the semi-finals.

When he failed his degree, it completely destroyed his confidence.

The plane was completely destroyed when it hit a mountain.

The Great Fire of 1666 partially destroyed the prison.

be destroyed by fire/a bomb/earthquake etc

The building was destroyed by fire in 2004.

The school was completely destroyed by fire.

companies that are polluting and destroying the environment

[destroy sb’s confidence/hope/faith etc](bold)

if something destroys someone, it ruins their life completely

The scandal destroyed Simmons and ended his political career.

这桩丑闻毁了西蒙斯，终结了他的政治生涯。

The Bears destroyed the Detroit Lions 35–3.

熊队以35比3轻取底特律雄狮队。

to kill an animal, especially because it is ill or dangerous

杀死〔动物，尤因其生病或构成危险〕


destruction

In a populated area, a wave that high would cause total destruction.

It was an act of war, the wholesale destruction of a city.

(=done deliberately and without caring about it)

People were shocked by the wanton destruction that occurred during the riots.

The islands are already threatened by environmental destruction.

a Brazilian report on rainforest destruction

(=of the natural homes of plants and animals)

Habitat destruction has reduced elephant herds in central Africa.

The rains caused widespread destruction to crops.

Much of the city was rebuilt after the massive destruction of World War II.

Ozone destruction is most severe over the Antarctic due to climatic and atmospheric extremes.

It's clear that the bomb was intended to cause death and destruction.

The destruction wrought by the hurricane left thousands of people homeless.

(=weapons intended to cause a lot of death and destruction)

The country is believed to have the potential to develop weapons of mass destruction.

(=a long line of things that have been destroyed)

The accident, involving five vehicles, caused a trail of destruction on the motorway.

the act or process of destroying something or of being destroyed

the [environmental destruction](bold) caused by the road building programme

The floods brought [death and destruction](bold) to the area.

洪水给该地区带来了死亡和破坏。


destructive

the [destructive power](bold) of modern weapons

What is good for the individual can be destructive to the family.


detach

if you detach something, or if it detaches, it becomes separated from the thing it was attached to

You can detach the hood from the jacket.

你可以把风帽从夹克上拆下来。

Please detach and fill out the application form.

to try to be less involved in or less concerned about a situation

Doctors have to detach themselves from their feelings.


detail

He refused to go into detail about what they had said at the meeting.

The doctor spent time describing the treatment in detail to me.

His report discusses the problem in detail.

He asked his lawyer to examine the contract in detail.

(=be written down and described in detail)

The changes to the system are set out in detail in the next paragraph.

I haven't worked our trip out in detail yet.

The subject has already been studied in great detail.

The party was criticized for not giving sufficient detail about their proposed tax changes.

We've been through all the arrangements for the wedding in minute detail.

His books describe the mountains and their paths in meticulous detail.

(=a lot of very clear and often unpleasant detail)

I didn't like the graphic detail of the violence in the film.

The three characters in the novel are described with vivid detail.

(=care that all the small features of something are correct or nice)

I was impressed by the hotel's attention to detail.

(=skill at noticing all the small features)

He's a brilliant photographer with a fantastic eye for detail.

I went into the bank to ask for details about their student account.

Why don't you send for details of the course?

(=send your name and address to someone in the post)

For a free sample, send your details to us on a postcard.

Our price list gives details of special offers.

Hotels that join the scheme provide details of their accommodation and facilities.

Could you confirm the details of your reservation in writing?

The company has refused to reveal any technical details until next month.

Further details of the band's tour will be announced later.

The police have not yet disclosed the full details of the case.

Precise details of the evidence presented at that meeting have not yet been revealed.

(=full details about an unpleasant or interesting event – often used humorously)

She wanted to hear all the gory details about Tina's date with Nigel.

(=your name, address and other information about you)

Please make sure that all your personal details are correct.

a single feature, fact, or piece of information about something

她把此行的所有细节都告诉了我。

[down to the smallest/last detail](bold)(=completely)

Todd had planned the journey down to the smallest detail.

托德把行程安排得细致入微。

all the separate features and pieces of information about something

He described the process in detail (=using a lot of details).

This issue will be discussed [in more detail](bold) in Chapter 5.

这个问题将在第五章里作更为详细的论述。

McDougal was reluctant to [go into detail](bold)(=give a lot of details) about the new deal.

麦克杜格尔不愿详谈新交易。

Editing requires great [attention to detail](bold).

做编辑工作需要极其细心。

[have an eye for detail](bold)(=be skilled at noticing details)

Photographers need to have an eye for detail.

information that helps to complete what you know about something

[Full details](bold) of the incident were recently revealed.

事件详情最近披露了出来。

She refused to [give](bold) any [details](bold) about what had happened.

Details of the course can be found on our website.

课程详情可在我们官网查询。

For further details, contact the personnel department.

欲知详情，请与人事部联系。

a specific duty in the army, or the person or group with that duty

〔军队中的〕任务；特遣队，小分队


detail

to list things or give all the facts or information about something

The report details the progress we have made over the last year.

报告详述了去年我们取得的进展。

to officially order someone, especially soldiers, to do a particular job

派某人〔尤指士兵〕做某事

Four soldiers were detailed to guard duty.

to clean a car very thoroughly, inside and out


detailed

containing or including a lot of information or details

对西雅图犯罪情况的详细研究

More detailed information is available on request.

having a lot of decorations or small features that are difficult to produce


detain

to officially prevent someone from leaving a place

Two suspects have been [detained](bold) by the police [for questioning](bold).

两名嫌疑人已被警方拘留讯问。

She was detained in hospital with a suspected broken leg.

她腿部疑似骨折，被留医了。

to stop someone from leaving as soon as they expected

He was detained in Washington on urgent business.

他因紧急事务滞留在了华盛顿。

[Detain](bold)  is often passive in this meaning.


detect

to notice or discover something, especially something that is not easy to see, hear etc

发现，察觉〔尤指不易觉察到的事物〕

Many forms of cancer can be cured if detected early.

如果发现得早，许多种癌症都可以治愈。

[difficult/impossible/easy/possible etc to detect](bold)

[detect a note of sarcasm/irony/excitement etc](bold)

Do I detect a note of sarcasm in your voice?

我怎么觉得你语气里带有一丝讽刺呢？


detection

when something is found that is not easy to see, hear etc, or the process of looking for it

Early detection of the disease is vital.

By flying low, the plane avoided detection by enemy radar.

飞机低空飞行，躲过了敌人雷达探测。


detective

a police officer whose job is to discover information about crimes and catch criminals

someone who is paid to discover information about someone or something

She hired a detective to find out if her husband was having an affair.

她雇了一个私人侦探调查丈夫是否有外遇。

efforts to discover information, find out how something works, answer a difficult question etc

It took a lot of detective work to discover the cause of the problem.

经过大量调查研究才发现问题原因。

a story etc about a crime, often a murder, and a detective who tries to find out who did it


detector

a machine or piece of equipment that finds or measures something


detention

Willis was [held in detention](bold) for five years.

a punishment in which children who have behaved badly are forced to stay at school for a short time after the others have gone home

〔放学后的〕留校惩罚，留堂

She was always getting [put in detention](bold).


deter

[past tense and past participle](italic) [deterred](bold) [present participle](italic) [deterring](bold)

to stop someone from doing something, by making them realize it will be difficult or have bad results

The company’s financial difficulties have deterred potential investors.

该公司的财务困境令潜在投资者望而却步。

The security camera was installed to deter people from stealing.

为了阻止人们偷窃，安装了监控摄像头。

In everyday English, people usually say [put](bold)  someone [off](bold)  rather than [deter](bold)  someone:

Don’t let a few problems [put](bold) you [off](bold).


deteriorate

[deterioration](bold) /dɪˌtɪərɪˈreɪʃ/ US /-ˌtɪr-/  n. <U>

Air quality is rapidly deteriorating in our cities.

Living conditions here have deteriorated in the past few years.

to become worse. [Get worse](bold) is less formal and more common than [deteriorate](bold) in everyday English

He’s never been well-behaved, but he’s getting even worse.

to become gradually worse – used especially about the standard of something

The hotel’s gone down since its management changed.

Nick’s teachers say that his work has gone down recently.

to become much worse and be in a very bad condition, especially after a particular time or event

During the recession the business began to go downhill.

Her health went downhill rapidly after Christmas.

to become gradually worse – used especially about standards of living, education, health etc

After the war, the standard of living declined.

Over the years, the standard of public transport has declined.

to become worse, or to become something bad instead of something good

Relations between the two countries have degenerated.

The debate degenerated into an argument between the two sides.

to become much worse very quickly – used especially about fighting, violence, or a bad situation

Further violence could escalate into a full-scale armed conflict.

to become worse in a way that cannot be controlled and is extremely serious and worrying

Police say that the violence has spiralled out of control.

Scientists are worried that global warming could soon spiral out of control.

Costs have been spiralling out of control.

埃塞尔的健康状况恶化了。

In everyday English, people usually say [get worse](bold)  rather than [deteriorate](bold) :

to develop into a bad or worse situation


determination

dɪˌtɜːməˈneɪʃən

the quality of continuing to try to do something, even when it is difficult

Bill got where he is today by sheer hard work and determination.

I really admired her determination to live her own life.

the ability to control your mind and body in order to achieve something you have decided to do

It takes a lot of willpower to give up smoking.

She made herself get better by sheer willpower, when everyone else had given up hope.

the determination and energy to succeed, especially in business or work

We’re looking for young people who have drive, initiative, and new ideas.

a strong determination to succeed in doing something, especially because you are sure that it is a good thing to do

The poverty she saw there strengthened her resolve to do something to help.

The success of a military enterprise depends partly on the resolve of its leaders.

the ability to continue trying to achieve something over a long period in a patient way, even when this is difficult

Reaching this standard of musical skill requires incredible perseverance.

A good teacher should have imagination and perseverance.

the quality of being extremely determined to achieve what you want, and not caring if you have to hurt other people to do it

He was a man who pursued his aims with complete ruthlessness.

The revolt was suppressed with total ruthlessness.

the determination to never stop trying to do something, especially when other people try to stop you

He clung to power with a remarkable tenacity.

When fighting cancer, Tsongas showed the same tenacity he displayed in politics.

To become a professional musician, you need to have a lot of determination.

also: demonstrate determination (formal)

From a very early age, she showed great determination.

Success requires hard work and determination.

He made a speech expressing his determination to rebuild the economy.

The prime minister underlined his determination to keep interest rates high.

She showed great determination to succeed.

As a politician she was known for her dogged determination.

(=that involves not caring about hurting other people)

the ruthless determination of his business career

(=having one clear aim and working very hard to achieve it)

Whatever task he undertook was tackled with single-minded determination.

the quality of trying to do something even when it is difficult

Yuri shows great determination to learn English.

尤里表现出很大的决心要学好英语。

his [dogged determination](bold)(=very strong determination) to succeed

the act of deciding something officially

the act of finding the exact level, amount, or cause of something

〔水平、数量或原因的〕确定

accurate determination of the temperature


determine

Investigators are still trying to determine the cause of the fire.

调查人员仍在设法弄清失火原因。

The aim of the inquiry was to determine what had caused the accident.

调查目的是确定事故原因。

Experts have determined that the signature was forged.

if something determines something else, it directly influences or decides it

The amount of available water determines the number of houses that can be built.

可用的水量决定可以建造多少幢房子。

The age of a wine is a [determining factor](bold) as to how it tastes.

酒的年份是决定口感的一个因素。

How hard the swimmers work now will determine how they perform in the Olympics.

游泳运动员现在训练的努力程度将决定他们在奥运会上的表现。

The date of the court case has not yet been determined.

The tests will help the doctors determine what treatment to use.

这些检查有助于医生决定采用什么治疗方案。


determined

if you are determined to do something, you have decided that you are definitely going to do it, and you will not let anything stop you. [Determined ](bold) is also used about someone’s character, when they usually behave in this way

determined not to change what you are doing, especially when other people think you are behaving in an unreasonable way. [Stubborn ](bold) is often used when you disapprove of someone. It is also sometimes used when you admire them

I wish you would stop being so stubborn!

Churchill’s stubborn refusal to surrender

someone who is single-minded  works very hard in order to achieve one particular thing, and thinks that everything else is much less important

During a war, a leader must be single-minded and, if necessary, ruthless.

determined to succeed, even if a situation is difficult or frightening

In competitive sports, it is as important to be mentally tough as it is to be physically fit.

showing by your behaviour that you are determined not to change your mind, especially when you are telling someone what to do

What this country needs is firm leadership.

You have to be firm with young children.

determined and full of energy, and not afraid to say what you think and argue with people – used especially when you admire this person. [Feisty](bold) is often used about women

In the film she plays a feisty young woman who is smarter than all the men put together.

determined to do what you want, without listening to other people’s advice or thinking about the results of your actions – used especially about young people

Her sister was headstrong and impulsive, and made a point of going out whenever and wherever she liked.

doing something in a very determined way because you have very strong beliefs, aims etc

the soldiers’ resolute defence of the town

McTaggart was seen by many in the environment movement as a tenacious hero.

dogged behaviour shows that you are very determined and that you will not give up – used especially in the following phrases

The team played with dogged determination.

continuing to do something, although this is difficult, or other people warn you not to do it

If you want to get a job, you have to be persistent. Don’t give up.

always very determined to do what you want to do, even if other people think it is not a good idea to do it

She has always been a strong-willed child.

someone who is ruthless is so determined to get what they want, that they do not care if they harm other people

to be determined to do something and show other people that you are determined to do it, even if it involves harming someone

The one-day strike proved that the union meant business.

having a strong desire to do something, so that you will not let anyone stop you

格温是个意志很坚定的女人。

He was determined that the same mistakes would not be repeated.

showing determination, especially in a difficult situation

〔尤指在困境中〕坚决的，坚定的

She was making a determined effort to give up smoking.

她在坚定不移地努力戒烟。

The library was closed down despite [determined opposition](bold).

尽管遭到坚决反对，图书馆还是关闭了。


deterrent

something that makes someone less likely to do something, by making them realize it will be difficult or have bad results

遏制物，威慑物，威慑力量

The small fines for this type of crime do not [act as](bold) much of [a deterrent](bold).

这种犯罪行为，小额罚金起不到多大威慑作用。

Window locks are an effective deterrent against burglars.

窗锁可以让入室盗窃分子知难而退。

the [deterrent effect](bold) of prison sentences

the nuclear weapons that a country has in order to prevent other countries from attacking it


detrimental

the [detrimental effect](bold) of pollution on the environment


devastate

[devastation](bold) /ˌdevəˈsteɪʃ/  n. <U>

to make someone feel extremely shocked and sad

令〔某人〕极度震惊；使〔某人〕伤心欲绝

Rob was devastated by the news of her death.

罗布得知她的死讯悲痛欲绝。

to damage something very badly or completely

严重破坏，彻底破坏，摧毁

The city centre was devastated by the bomb.

市中心被这枚炸弹摧毁了。


devastated

→see THESAURUS at [sad](->sad)   →see THESAURUS at [shocked](->shocked)

She was left feeling totally devastated.


devastating

[devastatingly](bold) adv. eg: a devastatingly attractive man

The recession has had a devastating impact on employment in this area.

a terrible disease with devastating results

The country is still recovering from last year's devastating floods.

Cheaper medicines are needed to fight Aids and other devastating diseases.

It will take a long time for the region to recover from such a devastating war.

When a huge car bomb exploded, it was a devastating blow to the peace plan.

The party suffered a devastating defeat in the local election.

Acid rain has a devastating effect on the forest.

酸雨对森林的破坏力极大。

The oil spill had devastating consequences for wildlife.

这次石油泄漏事故对野生生物造成了毁灭性影响。

It will be a [devastating blow](bold) for the town if the factory closes.

工厂一旦关闭，将对该镇造成沉重打击。

making someone feel extremely sad or shocked

He was in Nice when he heard the [devastating news](bold).

他在尼斯时听到了这个令人心碎的消息。

Long-term unemployment can be devastating.

长期失业可能会打垮一个人。

In a devastating display of military muscle, soldiers seized the town.

战士们以摧枯拉朽之势占领了这座城镇。


develop

to grow or change into something bigger, stronger, or more advanced, or to make someone or something do this

Knowledge in the field of genetics has been developing very rapidly.

遗传学领域的知识发展非常迅速。

Corsica has developed its economy around the tourist industry.

科西嘉岛的经济是围绕旅游业发展起来的。

Chicago developed into a big city in the late 1800s.

19世纪末芝加哥发展成了大城市。

It’s hard to believe that a tree can develop from a small seed.

很难相信一棵树竟能由一粒小小的种子长成。

exercises to [develop muscle](bold) strength

to design or make a new idea, product, system etc over a period of time

形成〔观点〕；开发，研制〔产品、系统等〕

Scientists are developing new drugs to treat arthritis.

科学家正在研制治疗关节炎的新药。

She should have developed her own style instead of copying him.

她应该塑造自己的风格，而不是去照搬他的。

Researchers are developing technology for the US military.

研究人员在为美国军方开发技术。

to start to have a feeling or quality that then becomes stronger

He had developed a certain affection for me.

[develop a sense/awareness/knowledge of sth](bold)

The children are beginning to develop a sense of responsibility.

孩子们开始逐渐培养起责任感。

It was in college that he [developed a taste for](bold)(=started to like) rugby football.

他是在大学里喜欢上英式橄榄球的。

if you develop a skill or ability, or if it develops, it becomes stronger or more advanced

The course is designed to help students develop their speaking skills.

这门课程旨在帮助学生提高口头表达能力。

if you develop a disease or illness, or if it develops, you start to have it

The oil tank had developed a small crack.

油箱出现了一条细小的裂缝。

The plane developed engine trouble and was forced to land.

飞机发生引擎故障，被迫降落。

if a problem or difficult situation develops, it begins to happen or exist, or it gets worse

Regional clashes could develop into larger quarrels.

地区性冲突可能会演变为更大的纷争。

to make an argument or idea clearer, by studying it more or by speaking or writing about it in more detail

We will develop a few of these points in the seminar.

研讨会上我们将详细阐述其中的一些观点。

to use land for the things that people need, for example by taking minerals out of it or by building on it

The land was developed for low-cost housing.

这块土地被用于廉价住宅开发。

to make a photograph out of a photographic film, using chemicals

Did you ever [get](bold) the pictures [developed](bold)?

你到底有没有把照片冲洗出来？


developed

a developed country is one of the rich countries of the world with many industries, comfortable living for most people, and usually an elected government

energy consumption in the [developed world](bold)

The charity works with children in less developed countries.

这家慈善机构救助欠发达国家儿童。

a developed sense, system etc, is better, larger, or more advanced than others

〔感觉、系统等〕成熟的，先进的

Dogs have a [highly developed](bold) sense of smell.

plants with [well-developed](bold) root systems

Labour has a more [fully developed](bold) programme for the unemployed.

工党为失业者做了更为完善的规划。


developer

[late developer](bold) at → [late](->late) 1 sense 7

a person or company that makes money by buying land and then building houses, factories etc on it

〔房地产〕开发商，开发公司

一家佛罗里达房地产开发公司

a person or an organization that works on a new idea, product etc to make it successful

〔新产品等的〕开发者，研制者

a chemical substance used for making images appear on film or photographic paper


developing

a developing country is a poor country that is trying to increase its industry and trade and improve life for its people

poverty and hunger in the [developing world](bold)

世界发展中地区的贫困和饥饿现象

the developing economies in Eastern Europe


development

The US has been keen to encourage economic development in Egypt.

(=development of particular regions of a country or area)

a programme of regional development in Eastern Europe

(=that is able to continue without damaging the environment)

The government is committed to sustainable development and the protection of the environment.

(=in other countries, especially poor ones)

The Overseas Development Minister announced a £7,000,000 emergency aid programme for Somalia.

also: further/facilitate development (formal)

We need to facilitate development and economic activity that provides jobs.

the United Nations Development Programme

(=organization that aims to help development in poor areas)

(=the work of helping development in poor areas)

Further funds are required to allow the development work to continue.

(=money given to help development in poor areas)

Education made up 22.5 percent of development aid last year.

the process of gradually becoming bigger, better, stronger, or more advanced

a course on the development of Greek thought

opportunities for professional development

the process of increasing business, trade, and industrial activity

a new event or piece of news that changes a situation

[recent](bold) political [developments](bold) in the former Soviet Union

We will [keep](bold) you [informed of developments](bold).

我们会为你提供最新动态。

the process of working on a new product, plan, idea etc to make it successful

〔新产品、新计划等的〕开发，研制

The funds will be used for marketing and [product development](bold).

这些资金将用于市场营销和产品开发。

Spielberg has several interesting projects under development.

a change that makes a product, plan, idea etc better

There have been significant computer developments during the last decade.

过去十年里计算机领域取得了重大进展。

the process of planning and building new houses, streets etc on land

这块土地被出售用于开发。

a group of new buildings that have all been planned and built together on the same piece of land


developmental

relating to the development of someone or something

the [developmental stages](bold) of childhood

Higher education is a continuing [developmental process](bold).

高等教育是一个持续的发展过程。


deviation

ˌdiːviˈeɪʃən

ˌdiːviˈeɪʃən

→ [standard deviation](->standard deviation)

a noticeable difference from what is expected or acceptable

the difference between a number or measurement in a set  and the average of all the numbers or measurements in that set


device

[leave sb to their own devices](bold) at → [leave](->leave) 1 sense 4

The shops are always full of new electronic devices.

(=using power from an engine or machine)

One day it will be technically possible to replace patients’ hearts with mechanical devices.

He invented a simple device for chopping onions.

This clever little device rings to tell you where you left your keys.

(=that reduces the amount of work you have to do)

Modern houses have so many labour-saving devices.

Cars today have better alarms and security devices.

The accident happened because a simple safety device wasn’t properly fitted.

This is a handheld device for playing electronic games.

(=a computer device for storing information electronically)

You may need an additional storage device if you have a lot of data.

The company makes medical devices that use laser technology for correcting eye disorders.

a machine or tool that does a special job

a device for separating metal from garbage

The company makes devices to detect carbon monoxide.

这家公司生产一氧化碳检测设备。

a special way of doing something that makes it easier to do

〔方便做某事的〕特殊方法，手段

Testing yourself with information on cards is a useful device for studying.

用卡片上的信息自测是一种有效的学习方法。

a plan or trick, especially for a dishonest purpose

计谋，〔尤指〕花招，诡计

Their proposal was only a device to confuse the opposition.

他们的提议只是迷惑反对派的花招。

the special use of words in literature, or of words, lights etc in a play, to achieve an effect

〔文学作品中的〕手法，修辞手段；〔戏剧中灯光等使用的〕技巧

隐喻是一种常见的文学手法。


devil

→ [devil's advocate](->devil's advocate)

the most powerful evil spirit in some religions, especially in Christianity

〔尤指基督教中的〕魔王，撒旦

The villagers believed a devil had taken control of his body.

村民们认为他被邪魔附身了。

(also: [talk of the devil](bold) ([BrE](bold)) )

used when someone you have just been talking about walks into the room where you are

说谁谁到；说曹操，曹操到

used to talk about someone who you feel sorry for, who is lucky etc

可怜/幸运/帅气等的家伙

What on earth is wrong with the poor devil?

这可怜的家伙到底怎么了？

used to talk about a child or an older man who behaves badly, but who you like

used to persuade someone to do something they are not sure they should do

大胆一点，勇敢些〔用来鼓励对方放下顾虑、勇敢尝试〕

Go on, be a devil, have another gin and tonic.

来，怕什么，再来一杯金汤力。

used to show that you are surprised or annoyed

究竟是什么鬼名堂/哪个鬼家伙/到底为什么？〔表示惊讶或恼火〕

How the devil should I know what she’s thinking?

我怎么会知道她到底在想些什么？

难熬的时光/费力的工作等

We had a devil of a job trying to get the carpet clean again.

我们费了死劲想重新把地毯清洗干净。

used to tell someone rudely to go away or stop annoying you

to do something very fast or using a lot of force

拼命地做某事，使劲地做某事

They rang the bell and ran like the devil.

他们按了门铃，然后就飞快地跑开了。

better the devil you know (than the devil you don’t)

used to say that it is better to deal with someone or something you know, even if you do not like them, than to deal with someone or something new that might be worse

宁跟认识的魔鬼打交道（也比跟不认识的魔鬼打交道好），两害相权取其轻

in a difficult situation because there are only two choices you can make and both of them are unpleasant

used to say that everyone in a situation only cares about what happens to themselves and does not care about other people

落后者遭殃〔形容人人只顾自己而不管别人〕

the devil makes/finds work for idle hands

used to say that people who do not have enough to do will start to do bad things

人闲生是非〔指人有空闲就会做坏事〕

used to say that the details of a plan, agreement etc are very important and may result in problems

魔鬼伏于细节，问题往往出在细节上〔指细节非常重要〕


devious

using dishonest tricks and deceiving people in order to get what you want

→see THESAURUS at [dishonest](->dishonest)

not going in the most direct way to get to a place


devise

Our aim is to devise a way to improve quality and reduce costs.

We must devise a means of transport that does not pollute the atmosphere.

How do you devise a system of testing students that is completely fair?

Together they devised a clever plan to escape.

The region is keen to devise a strategy to develop tourism.

Representatives met to discuss the crisis and devise solutions.

Your trainer will devise an exercise programme for you to follow.

He devised a series of experiments to test his theory.

to plan or invent a new way of doing something

想出，设计，发明〔新的方法〕

She [devised a method](bold) for quicker communications between offices.

她想出一种加快办公室之间通信联络的方法。


devote

to use all or most of your time, effort etc in order to do something or help someone

[devote your time/energy/attention etc to sth](bold)

He devoted his energies to writing films.

She devoted herself full-time to her business.

In everyday English, people usually say [put](bold)  time/energy etc [into](bold)  something rather than [devote](bold)  time/energy etc [to](bold)  something:

He [put a lot of time into](bold) the project.

to use a particular area, period of time, or amount of space for a specific purpose

使用〔特定的区域、时间或空间〕

The meeting will be devoted to health and safety issues.

这次会议将专门讨论卫生和安全问题。


devoted

giving someone or something a lot of love and attention

伊莎贝拉对弟弟呵护有加。

dealing with, containing, or being used for only one thing

专门关于 …的；专用于 …的

strongly supporting someone or something because you admire or enjoy them

The journal had a [devoted following](bold) of around 1,000 subscribers.

这份刊物大约有1,000名忠实的订户。


devotion

the strong love that you show when you pay a lot of attention to someone or something

Alanna has always shown intense devotion to her children.

阿兰娜对她的孩子一直都表现出深切的爱。

the loyalty that you show towards a person, job etc, especially by working hard

the soldier’s courage and [devotion to duty](bold)

这名士兵的勇气和忠于职守

his integrity and devotion to his patients

他的正直和对病人的奉献精神


devour

to eat something quickly because you are very hungry

男孩子们狼吞虎咽地吃了薄饼。

to read something quickly and eagerly, or watch something with great interest

如饥似渴地阅读；津津有味地看

他如饥似渴地读科幻小说。

to be filled with a strong feeling that seems to control you

毁灭，吞噬〔某人或某物〕

Her body had been almost entirely devoured by the disease.

她的身体几乎已经完全被病魔吞噬了。

一份耗尽我全部精力的工作


diagnose

to find out what illness someone has, or what the cause of a fault is, after doing tests, examinations etc

Joe struggled in school before he was diagnosed as dyslexic.

乔在学校里学习很吃力，后来被诊断出患有阅读障碍。

这病经诊断是流行性腮腺炎。


diagnosis

ˌdaɪəɡˈnəʊsɪs

Don't take any medicines before a doctor has made a proper diagnosis.

They'll be able to give me a diagnosis when they get the results of the tests.

It is important to establish the diagnosis and begin treatment quickly.

Early diagnosis gives patients the best chance of recovery.

The company manufactures monitoring equipment for medical diagnosis.

Pneumonia was the most common clinical diagnosis with these symptoms.

It is impossible to make an accurate diagnosis without an examination.

The doctors apparently made an incorrect diagnosis.

Following a positive diagnosis, you will be admitted for hospital treatment.

the process of discovering exactly what is wrong with someone or something, by examining them closely

An exact [diagnosis](bold) can only be [made](bold) by obtaining a blood sample.

只有抽取血样才能作出准确的诊断。


diagnostic

ˌdaɪəɡˈnɒstɪk◂

relating to or used for discovering what is wrong with someone or something

Doctors depend on accurate diagnostic tools.

医生有赖于精确的诊断工具。


diagonal

[diagonally](bold) adv. eg: The path goes diagonally across the field.

a diagonal line is straight and joins two opposite corners of a flat shape, usually a square


diagram

[diagrammatic](bold) /ˌdaɪəɡrəˈmætɪk◂/  adj.

a simple drawing or plan that shows exactly where something is, what something looks like, or how something works


diagram

[past tense and past participle](italic) [diagrammed](bold) [present participle](italic) [diagramming](bold)

to show or represent something in a diagram


dial

the round part of a clock, watch, machine etc that has numbers that show you the time or a measurement

钟面，表盘；仪表盘，刻度盘

The lighted dial of her watch said 1.20.

她手表上的夜光表盘显示时间为1点20分。

She looked at the dial to check her speed.

她看了看仪表盘，以确认自己的速度。

the part of a piece of equipment such as a radio or thermostat that you turn around to do something, such as find a different station or change the temperature

〔收音机、恒温器等上的〕调节盘，控制盘

The [dial](bold) on the heater was [set to](bold) ‘HOT’.

加热器上的调节盘被调到“热”挡。

the wheel on an older telephone with numbered holes for your fingers that you move around in order to make a call


dial

[past tense and past participle](italic) [dialled](bold) [present participle](italic) [dialling](bold) ([BrE](bold)) [past tense and past participle](italic) [dialed](bold) [present participle](italic) [dialing](bold) ([AmE](bold))

to press the buttons or turn the dial on a telephone in order to make a telephone call


dialect

a form of a language which is spoken only in one area, with words or grammar that are slightly different from other forms of the same language

The people up there [speak](bold) a Tibetan [dialect](bold).


dialogue

-lɒːɡ, -lɑːɡ

also: dialog ([AmE](bold))  [n](bold) <[C,U](bold)>

〔书、戏剧或电影中的〕对话，对白

充斥着蹩脚对白的乏味电影

Students were asked to read simple dialogues out loud.

学生被要求大声朗读简单的对话。

a discussion between two groups, countries etc

〔两个群体、国家等之间的〕讨论，对话，意见交换

There is a need for constructive dialogue between leaders.

领导人之间需要进行建设性的对话。


diameter

a straight line from one side of a circle to the other side, passing through the centre of the circle, or the length of this line

[3 inches/1 metre etc in diameter](bold)

Draw a circle six centimetres in diameter.

画一个直径为六厘米的圆。

The diameter of the Earth is about 13,000 km.

地球的直径约为13,000千米。


diamond

a clear, very hard valuable stone, used in jewellery and in industry

a shape with four straight but sloping sides of equal length, with one point facing directly up and the other directly down

把做曲奇饼干的面团切成一个个菱形块。

one of the four suitstypes of cards in a set of playing cards, which has the design of a red diamond shape on it

the area in a baseball field that is within the diamond shape formed by the four bases

the whole playing field used in baseball


diary

a book in which you write down the things that happen to you each day, and your private thoughts

I decided to keep a diary of our trip to Toronto.

You shouldn’t read anyone’s private diary.

On February 3rd, he wrote the last entry in his diary.

a diary, especially one written by a famous or important person

In the 1837 journal, Darwin gives an account of his voyage to South America.

Her book draws on letters, diaries, journals and historical sources.

a written record of the important events and people in your life which you write in order to publish – especially one that is written by a famous or important person such as a politician or a military leader

A lot of politicians think about writing their memoirs.

The book was titled ‘The Memoirs of a President’.

a diary that someone puts on a website, which is a record of their activities, experiences, and opinions, with the latest information always at the top. On some blogs, readers can leave comments

I came across a great post on a blog I read recently.

an official record of events, especially on a journey in a ship or plane

The captain had made a few notes in the log book.

While I was travelling, I kept a diary every day.

‘Severe weather’, he wrote in his diary that day.

James Alvin recorded the incident in his diary.

For years she had kept a detailed diary.

She later agreed to the publication of parts of her personal diary.

(=that no one else knows about or reads)

Clarke kept a daily diary of San Franciscan life.

(=that you write while you are travelling)

His travel diary makes fascinating reading.

Inge [kept](bold) a [diary](bold)(=wrote in a diary) during the war years.

英奇在战争年代里一直写日记。

[diary entry](bold)(=what you have written for a particular day)

a book with separate spaces for each day of the year, in which you write down the meetings, events etc that are planned for each day

Did you [put](bold) the meeting date [in](bold) your [diary](bold)?

你把开会日期写在日志本上了吗？


dice

a small block of wood, plastic etc that has six sides with a different number of spots on each side, used in games

any game of chance that is played with dice

the situation is arranged so that a particular person will win or gain an advantage

成败已安排好；用手段占得优势

used to refuse to do something or to say that something is not possible

‘Can I borrow some cash?’ ‘Sorry, no dice.’

“我能借点钱吗？” “抱歉，不行。”

something you do that you hope will have an effect on a situation, but is not certain to do so

a [last](bold) desperate [throw of the dice](bold) to try and win his wife back

不顾一切挽回妻子的最后努力


dice

to put yourself in a very dangerous situation


dictate

Common sense dictates that you should avoid too much sun.

Circumstances dictated that I had to wait nearly two years.

On the island, custom still dictates the roles of men and women.

Fashion has been dictating that women should wear black for years now.

Logic dictates that this must be the right answer.

Federal laws dictate how land can be used.

to say words for someone else to write down

She’s dictating a letter to her secretary right now.

她现在正在给秘书口授一封信。

to tell someone exactly what they must do or how they must behave

The media cannot be allowed to dictate to the government.

不能让媒体对政府发号施令。

Can they dictate how the money will be spent?

他们可以规定这些钱如何使用吗？

Federal funds have to be used [as dictated by](bold) Washington.

联邦资金必须按照华盛顿的规定使用。

Islamic custom dictates that women should be fully covered.

The US government attempted to [dictate the terms](bold) of the agreement.

美国政府企图规定协议的条款。

The laws of physics dictate that what goes up must come down.

物理定律决定了上升的物体一定会落下。

The massive publicity dictated a response from the city government.

大量媒体报道迫使市政府作出回应。


dictate

an order, rule, or principle that you have to obey

teenagers [following the dictates of](bold) fashion


dictator

a ruler who has complete power over a country, especially one whose power has been gained by force

〔尤指通过武力上台的〕独裁者

someone who tells other people what they should do, in a way that seems unreasonable


dictatorship

dɪkˈteɪtəʃɪp

government by a ruler who has complete power

→see THESAURUS at [government](->government)

a country that is ruled by one person who has complete power


dictionary

We advise all our students to use a good dictionary.

If you don’t understand the meaning of a word, look it up in a dictionary.

I often check the dictionary for spelling and pronunciation.

Consult the dictionary for examples of how a word is used.

(=small enough to be carried in your pocket)

Pocket dictionaries don't always give you enough information.

(=small electronic machine containing a dictionary)

Electronic dictionaries are very popular in Japan.

(=with translations from one language into another)

A bilingual dictionary is an essential purchase for anybody learning a foreign language.

Monolingual dictionaries tend to have more examples than bilingual ones.

(=containing a lot of pictures, especially for children or beginners in a language)

The advantage of a picture dictionary is that you don't have lengthy definitions.

There are plenty of online dictionaries available free on the Internet.

(=showing the origin and history of words)

Etymological dictionaries show how languages borrow words from each other.

Clear dictionary definitions are what students look for.

(=the definition and all the other information at a word)

The introduction explains the functions of the different parts of a dictionary entry.

a book that gives a list of words in alphabetical order and explains their meanings in the same language, or another language

a book that explains the words and phrases used in a particular subject


die

die away
die back
die down
die off
die out

to stop being alive, as a result of old age or illness

I want to see Ireland again before I die.

No wonder your plants always die – you don’t water them enough.

His son died of liver cancer three years ago.

to die – used when you want to avoid using the word ‘die’, in order to show respect or to avoid upsetting someone

My wife had just passed away, and I didn’t want to be around people.

to pass away – use this especially when you believe that the soul has a life after the death of the body

I’m sorry, Emily, but your mother has passed on.

Hundreds of people lost their lives when the ship overturned in a storm.

to die in a terrible event – used especially in literature and news reports

Five children perished before firefighters could put out the blaze.

to die in order to save someone, or because of something that you believe in

We honor the men and women who have given their lives in service of their country.

to suddenly die, when people do not expect you to

One day, he came home from work and dropped dead of a heart attack.

to die – used when you are not talking seriously about death

It’s not like I’m going to kick the bucket tomorrow.

(=as soon as an accident, injury etc happens)

He was shot in the head and died instantly.

She died suddenly of a heart attack, in Amsterdam.

They had seven children and three of them died young.

The nurses said that she died very peacefully.

His wife had died tragically in an accident.

Van Gogh died penniless because nobody bought his paintings.

die in suspicious/mysterious circumstances

(=used to say that someone may have been killed)

He got involved with drug dealers and died in mysterious circumstances.

(=of natural causes, rather than being killed)

The coroner concluded that Wilkins had died a natural death.

At the end of the play, the main character dies a violent death.

More women died in childbirth in the past.

[past tense and past participle](italic) [died](bold) [present participle](italic) [dying](bold) [third person singular](italic) [dies](bold)

他1985年去世，终年76岁。

Her father died suddenly in an accident when she was only ten.

她年仅10岁时，父亲突然死于一场事故。

The animals died of starvation in the snow.

She [died](bold) peacefully [in her sleep](bold) at the age of 98.

她在睡梦中安然辞世，享年98岁。

die for sth (=be killed while fighting to defend something)

Do you believe in anything enough to die for it?

你有足以让你为之献出生命的信仰吗？

The bullet went straight through his head, and he [died instantly](bold).

子弹直接穿过他的头部，他当场死亡。

[to your dying day/until the day you die](bold)(=until you die)

It must remain a secret until the day I die.

[sb’s dying breath/wish](bold)(=someone’s last breath or wish)

It was his dying wish that the house be opened to the public.

把这幢房子向公众开放是他的临终遗愿。

[die a natural/violent/agonizing death](bold)

Did she die a natural death? (=did she die naturally, or did someone kill her?)

Someone [dies of](bold)  or [from](bold)  a disease or injury: He died of a heart attack. He died from a heart attack.  [Die of ](bold) is more common than [die from](bold) .
Don’t say: [He died because of a heart attack.](strike)

Someone [dies in](bold)  an accident: He died in a car crash.
Don’t say: [He died by a car crash.](strike)

Someone [dies for](bold)  a person, place, or idea that they want to protect: These men died for our freedom.

The family name will die with him (=disappear when he dies).

他去世后，这个姓氏也将随之消亡。

He’s one of a [dying breed](bold)(=a type of person that is no longer common).

他这样的人已经快要绝种了。

发动机噼啪响了几声就熄火了。

die on sb (=stop working while they are using it)

割草机我用着用着就趴窝了。

她特别想问他是从哪里弄到的。

我特别想看看这究竟是什么。

都要饿死/渴死/无聊死了

Do you fancy a cup of tea? I’m dying of thirst.

你要喝杯茶吗？我都快渴死了。

used to say that you felt very surprised or embarrassed

I nearly died when I saw it was my ex-husband!

我看清楚那原来是我前夫时，尴尬死了！

The room was such a mess, I just died of embarrassment.

房间里这么乱，我真是尴尬得要命。

used to say very strongly that you do not want to do something

我死也不〔用来强烈表示不想做某事〕

in the dying minutes/seconds/moments (of sth)

during the last minutes or seconds before the end of something

在（某事的）最后几分钟/几秒钟/时刻

United scored an equaliser in the dying minutes of the game.

联队在比赛最后时刻攻入一球，扳平比分。

used to say that it takes a long time to change to a new way of doing something

used to encourage someone to continue doing something that is difficult

别放弃，永不言弃〔用于鼓励他人在困难面前不放弃〕

We [nearly died laughing](bold) when he told us.

他跟我们说的时候我们都快笑死了。

extremely nice, attractive, or desirable


die

a metal block used to press or cut something into a particular shape

used to say that a decision has been taken and cannot now be changed


diesel

a type of heavy oil used instead of petrol in engines, especially in trucks, buses, and trains


diet

(=to only eat certain foods in order to lose weight)

(=start eating less or only some types of food)

You will feel better if you follow a low-fat diet.

Most people find it hard to stick to a diet.

(=in which you eat a very limited amount or range of food)

She followed a strict diet for several weeks.

(=a very sudden and strict attempt to lose weight)

It’s better to lose weight gradually than to go on a crash diet.

A low-calorie diet should solve your weight problem.

A starvation diet can have negative health effects.

A healthy diet includes plenty of fresh fruit and vegetables.

A poor diet affects your skin and hair condition.

(=including all the types of food that people need)

A balanced diet is important for a child’s development.

Provide your fish with a varied diet of worms, insects, and dried food.

Students don’t always eat a sensible diet.

(=the food that a group of people or type of animal normally eats)

For hundreds of years potatoes were their staple diet.

(=that does not include any meat or fish)

A high-fibre diet is good for your health.

People in Mediterranean areas generally have a very good diet.

The people lived mainly on a diet of fish.

Kids should not be fed a diet of hamburgers and sugary snacks.

In the West many people eat a diet high in fat and salt.

a way of eating in which you only eat certain foods, in order to lose weight, or to improve your health

不是所有的节食方法都适合你。

the kind of food that a person or animal eats each day

She doesn’t eat a very [healthy diet](bold).

It is important to have a [balanced diet](bold).

the effects of [poor diet](bold) and lack of exercise

不良饮食和缺乏锻炼的后果

Rice is [the staple diet](bold)(=the main food that a group of people usually eat).

Studies have shown the benefits of [a vegetarian diet](bold).

the importance of vitamins and minerals in your diet

饮食中维生素和矿物质的重要性

too much of an activity that you think is boring or has bad effects

多得令人生厌[对人有害]的某物

Kids today are raised on a constant diet of pop music and television.

an official meeting to discuss political or church matters

〔讨论政治或教会问题的〕会议


diet

to limit the amount and type of food that you eat, in order to become thinner

〔为减肥而〕节食，限制饮食，按规定进食


diet

diet drinks or foods contain less sugar or fat than ordinary ones

〔饮料或食物〕低热量的，低卡的


differ

Modern teaching methods differ greatly from those fifty years ago.

The second set of test results did not differ significantly from the first.

Opinions differ widely on the best way to do this.

Ways of negotiating differ markedly across the Atlantic.

The new car differed radically from the earlier model.

These paintings differed fundamentally from his earlier work.

Prices differ slightly from one shop to another.

to be different from something in some way

The two systems differ in many respects.

这两个系统在许多方面都不同。

People differ from one another in their ability to handle stress.

各人应对压力的能力有所不同。

The symptoms did not differ between the two groups.

We soon found that prices differed enormously.

我们很快就发现价格相差巨大。

Experts have [differing views](bold) on the subject.

在这个问题上专家们众说纷纭。

if two people or groups differ about something, they have opposite opinions

→see THESAURUS at [disagree](->disagree)

The two lawyers differed about how to present the case.

对于如何陈述案情，两名律师存在分歧。

to stop arguing with someone and accept that you will never agree

承认意见分歧，同意保留不同意见

used to say that you disagree with someone


difference

a detail, fact, or quality that makes one person or thing different from another

We should think about the similarities between cultures, not the differences.

Try and spot the differences between these two pictures.

The difference between the two cheeses is that one is made from goat’s milk.

I don’t think there’s any difference in the way you pronounce these two words.

He’s speaking Italian, not Spanish. Don’t you know the difference?

a very clear difference that you can easily see when you compare two things or people

contrast between something/somebody and something/somebody

What surprised me was the contrast between Picasso’s early style and his later work.

a big difference between two amounts, two ages, or two groups of people

There’s a ten-year gap between Kay’s two children.

The gap between rich and poor is wider in the South than in the rest of the country.

The age gap between us didn’t seem to matter until we decided to have children.

a very big difference and lack of understanding between two groups of people, especially in their beliefs, opinions, and way of life

More riots led to a growing gulf between the police and the communities in which they worked.

bridge/cross the gulf(=improve understanding and communication)

The central problem was how to bridge the gulf between the warring factions of the party.

a big difference between two groups of people or things – use this especially when you think the difference is unfair or may cause problems

It is not easy to explain the disparity that still exists between the salaries of men and women.

the disparity in wealth between the highest and the lowest employees

The economic disparity between the area’s black and white citizens is a serious problem.

A study of the two groups of students showed a significant difference.

There’s only a slight difference between the male and the female bird.

There was a marked difference between the two sets of results.

There’s a subtle difference in flavour between these coffees.

The fundamental differences between the two sides slowly emerged.

the major cultural differences between the west and the east

People’s answers to the questions showed clear class differences.

gender differences in levels of criminality

We respect the children’s individual differences.

Our data showed considerable national differences.

If you don’t know the difference between two words, your dictionary can help.

(=can recognize how two things are different)

I can’t really see the difference between these two colours.

She has noticed a dramatic difference in her energy levels.

It’s easy to spot the difference between real and imitation leather.

a way in which two or more people or things are not like each other

There’s a big difference between knowing that something is true, and being able to prove it.

知道属实和能证明属实大不相同。

There is very little difference between the parties on green issues.

各党派在环保问题上鲜有分歧。

Do children know the difference between right and wrong?

Researchers found a number of important differences in the way boys and girls learn.

研究人员发现男孩子和女孩子的学习方式有一些重大差异。

[There’s a world of difference](bold)(=there’s a very big difference) between being alone and being lonely.

the amount by which one thing is greater or smaller than another

There’s a five-hour [time difference](bold) between London and New York.

伦敦与纽约有五小时时差。

[split the difference](bold) at → [split](->split) 1 sense 9

to have an important effect or influence on something or someone

Whatever she did, it made no difference.

One more person wouldn’t make any difference to the arrangements.

多一个人对安排不会有影响。

It could make the difference between missing your train and getting to work on time.

这可能关系到你是赶不上火车，还是能够准时上班。

Having a good teacher has [made all the difference](bold) for Alex (=had an important influence).

有个好老师对亚历克斯来说影响很大。

used to say that it does not matter to someone which thing happens, is chosen etc

对某人来说没有关系，对某人而言无所谓

Morning or afternoon. It makes no difference to me.

上午或下午都行，我无所谓。

我们的/你们的/他们的分歧[不和]

We’ve [had](bold) our [differences](bold) in the past.

[settle/resolve your differences](bold)(=agree not to argue anymore)

There have been some differences of opinion as to exactly how the money should be spent.

大家对这笔钱究竟该怎么花意见有些分歧。

used to describe something which is interesting or unusual, especially in a good way


different

[differently](bold) adv. eg: I didn’t expect to be treated any differently from anyone else. eg: Things could have turned out quite differently.

if something or someone is different, they are not like something or someone else, or they are not like they were before

You look different. Have you had your hair cut?

We’ve painted the door a different colour.

The cultures of the two countries are very different.

very different, special, or unusual and the only one of its kind. Don’t use words such as [very](bold) before [unique](bold)

The book is certainly very rare, and possibly unique.

the unique wildlife of the Galapagos Islands

having a special feature or appearance that makes something different from other things, and makes it easy to recognize

Male birds have distinctive blue and yellow markings.

completely different from a particular person or thing

In Britain, unlike the United States, the government provides health care.

if two people have nothing in common, they do not have the same interests or opinions and therefore cannot form a friendly relationship

Apart from the fact that we went to the same school, we have absolutely nothing in common.

used when saying that two people or things seem very different

There’s no resemblance between the two sisters at all.

The final product bore no resemblance to the original proposalit was very different.

These four politically dissimilar states have all signed a treaty of friendship and cooperation.

if two people are like chalk and cheese, they are completely different

It’s hard to believe that they’re brothers – they’re like chalk and cheese!

used when saying that two people or things are very different

You can't compare residential and commercial real estate markets. It's apples and oranges.

Obama and Romney are apples and oranges.

Comparing homemade soup to canned soup is really comparing apples and oranges.

not like something or someone else, or not like before

不同的，不一样的，有差异的

Our sons are [very different](bold) from each other.

我们家几个儿子彼此迥异。

He seemed different than he did in New York.

他和在纽约时好像不一样了。

The place looks [completely different](bold) now.

They decided to try a [radically different](bold) approach.

他们决定尝试一种全然不同的办法。

We found women had [significantly different](bold) political views from men.

a [slightly different](bold) way of doing things

What actually happened was [subtly different](bold) from the PR people’s version.

实际情况与公关人员的说法略有不同。

The show is [refreshingly different](bold) from most exhibitions of modern art.

这场展览与大多数现代艺术展不一样，令人耳目一新。

The publishing business is [no different](bold) from any other business in this respect.

在这一点上，出版业与其他行业并无不同。

It’s [a different world](bold) here in London.

伦敦这儿的情况完全不同。

You usually say [different from](bold) : Their home is different from ours.

In American English, people also say [different than](bold) : Their home is different than ours.

In spoken British English, people also say [different to](bold) : Their home is different to ours.
Don’t say: [Their home is different of ours.](strike)

used to talk about two or more separate things of the same basic kind

〔同一大类中〕不同的，各种的

Different people reacted in [different ways](bold).

There are many different types of fabric.

I looked in lots of different books but couldn’t find anything about it.

我查看了许多不同的书，但找不到任何有关内容。

I think she’s moved to a different job now.

我想她现在已经换工作了。

unusual, often in a way that you do not like

‘What did you think of the film?’ ‘Well, it was certainly different.’

“你觉得这部影片怎么样？” “嗨，够另类。”


differentiate

[differentiation](bold) /ˌdɪfərenʃiˈeɪʃ/  n. <U> eg: socio-economic differentiation

to recognize or express the difference between things or people

It’s important to differentiate between fact and opinion.

It’s sometimes hard to differentiate one sample from another.

有时候很难把样本区别开来。

to be the quality, feature etc that makes one thing or person clearly different from another

构成 …间的差别，使不同

What differentiates these two periods of history?

这两个历史时期的差别在哪里？

Its unusual nesting habits differentiate this bird from others.

这种鸟独特的筑巢习惯使它不同于其他鸟。

to behave differently towards someone or something, especially in an unfair way

〔尤指不公平地〕区别对待

a policy which differentiates between men and women


difficult

not easy to do, understand, or deal with

It is difficult to see how peace can be achieved in the region.

difficult. [Hard](bold) is less formal than [difficult](bold) and is very common in spoken English

very difficult, because you have to use a lot of effort, or because it affects you emotionally

Doctors have to make tough decisions about who to treat first.

difficult because it is complicated and full of problems

She had helped him out of a tricky situation.

Merging the two companies was bound to be tricky.

rather difficult to deal with – used especially when something could be embarrassing

You’ve put me in a very awkward position.

It was getting dark and foggy, which made the rescue even more awkward.

difficult in an interesting or enjoyable way

I wanted a job that was more challenging.

difficult and tiring, because it takes a lot of effort

Being a nurse in a busy hospital is a demanding job.

it can be very demanding bringing up young children.

if something seems daunting, you think that it will be difficult and you do not feel confident about being able to do it

The task seemed a little daunting at first.

needing to be dealt with carefully or sensitively, especially in order to avoid offending people or causing problems

This is a very delicate subject, and it can be difficult to talk about it with your parents.

He thanked me for the way in which this delicate matter had been handled.

[It’s difficult](bold) to see how more savings can be made.

[difficult (for sb) to understand/find/obtain etc](bold)

That’s rather difficult for me to explain.

He’s [finding it difficult](bold) to get a job.

involving a lot of problems and causing a lot of trouble or worry

Things are a bit difficult at home at the moment.

目前家里的事情有点麻烦。

往后可能会有遇到困难的时候。

[make life/things difficult for sb](bold)(=cause problems for someone)

She’s doing everything she can to make life difficult for him.

someone who is difficult never seems pleased or satisfied

〔人〕难以取悦的，不易满足的