influence

His works have had an influence on many modern writers.

Technology exerts a powerful influence over our lives.

She wasn’t afraid to use her influence to get what she wanted.

The Federal Reserve exercises influence on the economy by setting short-term interest rates.

(=be influenced by someone or something)

They had come under the influence of a religious sect.

Syria had the opportunity to extend its influence in the region.

Television can have a positive influence on young people.

He thought her friends were a bad influence.

The goalkeeper’s injury had a big influence on the match.

Parents have an important influence on children's development.

He was a major influence on my musical tastes.

Well-organized pressure groups can exert considerable influence on the government.

The press can have a powerful influence on the way people vote.

His writings had a profound influence on the Romantic poets.

Many people are worried about the growing influence of these websites.

His travels in Africa had a lasting influence on his work.

The Cubist painters had a direct influence on his work.

The federal government has an indirect influence on investment through its control of bank credits.

The music seemed to have a calming influence.

Frank used his personal influence to get his son a job at the newspaper.

French political influence began to dominate the country.

(=happening from outside a country or a situation)

They must make their own decisions, free from external influence.

The US remains the biggest outside influence on the country.

He felt that the United States wielded undue influence in Europe.

the power to affect the way someone or something develops, behaves, or thinks, without using direct force or orders

As a scientist, his influence was immense.

身为一名科学家，他的影响力极大。

the unions’ influence over local politics

someone or something that has an influence on other people or things

[bad/good/positive etc influence (on sb)](bold)

Gayle’s mother said I was a bad influence on her daughter.

盖尔的母亲说我对她女儿产生了坏影响。

For centuries the country remained untouched by [outside influences](bold).

许多世纪以来，该国一直未受到外界影响。

under the influence (of alcohol/drink/drugs etc)

受到(酒/药物等的)影响


influence

to affect the way someone or something develops, behaves, thinks etc without directly forcing or ordering them

→see THESAURUS at [persuade](->persuade)

Marx was [strongly influenced](bold) by the historian Niebuhr.

[influence a decision/outcome/choice etc](bold)

Several factors are likely to influence this decision.

有几个因素可能会影响这个决定。

是什么因素影响你去从事护理工作的？


influential

having a lot of influence and therefore changing the way people think and behave

→see THESAURUS at [powerful](->powerful)

他有一些有影响力的朋友。

Dewey was influential in shaping economic policy.

杜威对制定经济政策有影响力。

a [highly influential](bold) art magazine

一本极有影响力的艺术杂志


inform

to officially tell someone about something or give them information

〔正式〕通知，告知〔某人〕

Please inform us of any change of address as soon as possible.

地址如有变更，请尽早通知我们。

We regret to inform you that your application has been rejected.

我们很遗憾地通知你，你的申请未被接受。

to influence someone’s attitude or opinion

影响〔某人的态度或观点〕

Her experience as a refugee informs the content of her latest novel.

她的难民经历影响了她最新小说的内容。


informal

[informality](bold) /ˌɪnfɔːˈmæləti/ US /-fɔːr-/  n. <U>

relaxed and friendly without being restricted by rules of correct behaviour

The atmosphere at work is fairly informal.

两个团体会面举行非正式会谈。

an informal style of writing or speaking is suitable for ordinary conversations or letters to friends

〔书写或言谈〕非正式的，日常使用的，适用于朋友间的

informal clothes are suitable for wearing at home or in ordinary situations

〔衣服〕在家穿的，日常穿的


informant

someone who secretly gives the police, the army etc information about someone else

〔向警方、军队等〕提供秘密消息者；线人；告密者

One of the witnesses was a paid informant for the FBI.

目击者之一是联邦调查局出钱雇用的线人。

someone who gives information about their language, social customs etc to someone who is studying them

〔为研究者提供语言、风俗等资料的〕资料提供人


information

ˌɪnfəˈmeɪʃən

The information he gave me was very useful.

Are you sure this information is correct?

He was jailed for providing false information to the police.

(=about the subject you are interested in)

Some of the information in the article is not particularly relevant.

That information was confidential and should not have been passed on.

For more information, visit our website.

The police have received new information about the case.

(=information that has been discovered very recently)

We have access to all the latest information.

This leaflet should provide you with all the necessary information.

More detailed information is available free on request.

The financial information contained in the report is based on the company's audited accounts.

(=information explaining what happened before the present situation)

He gave us some background information about the trial.

Do you have any information about coach trips to Oxford?

The documents contained top secret information.

It is vital that people receive the information they need.

a booklet giving information about local education services

The job consisted of gathering information about consumer needs.

When I needed information for my report, Jack was always extremely helpful.

Journalists going to the building to seek information were denied entry.

The meetings provided an opportunity to exchange information.

The internet plays a key role in disseminating information.

He provided me with several useful pieces of information.

(=someone or something that can provide information)

Newspapers are valuable sources of information.

facts or details that tell you something about a situation, person, event etc

We have received information that Grant may have left the country.

我们得到消息，格兰特可能已经离开了这个国家。

The book contains information about a wide variety of subjects.

本书囊括了涉及各类主题的信息。

[my/our etc information is](bold)(=used to say what you know about a situation)

My information is that Gary wants to stay with the club.

我得到的消息说，加里想留在该俱乐部。

[inside information](bold) at → [inside](->inside) 3 sense 2

In everyday English, in informal contexts, people often use the expression [tell someone something ](bold) rather than using the noun [information](bold) :

[I wonder if you could [give](bold) me [some information](bold) about your childhood.](strike)

I wonder if you could [tell](bold) me [something](bold) about your childhood.

[Information](bold)  is an uncountable noun and is not used in the plural. You say: I need some information about hotels.
Don’t say: [I need some informations about hotels.](strike)

[Information](bold)  is always followed by a singular verb: The information [is](bold) strictly confidential.

When talking about one fact or detail, you say a [piece of information](bold)  or a [bit of information](bold) : He told me an interesting piece of information.

the telephone service which provides telephone numbers to people who ask for them

used when you provide a document or some information, because you think it may be useful for someone

I'm attaching a copy of the report for your information.

我附上了报告副本供您参考。

used when you are telling someone that they are wrong about a particular fact

不妨告诉你一下〔用来纠正别人的错误〕

For your information, I’ve worked as a journalist for six years.

不妨告诉你一下，我做记者已有六年了。

written on copies of letters and documents that are sent to someone who needs to know about them but does not have to deal with them

仅供参考〔写在信件和文件副本上，发给需要知道但无须对其进行处理的人〕

used when someone has just told you details that you think are embarrassing or unpleasant, and you do not want to hear any more

信息过量！〔表示不愿继续倾听〕

'I was really ill at the weekend - I had to stay on the toilet all day.' 'Too much information!'

“我周末病得不轻——不得不一整天都坐在马桶上。” “信息量太大了！”


informative

一本资料丰富且饶有趣味的书


informed

having a lot of knowledge or information about a particular subject or situation

Informed sources said it was likely that the president would make a televised statement.

据消息灵通人士说，总统可能会发表电视声明。

I became reasonably well-informed about the subject.

我对这个话题有了还算比较多的了解。

a decision etc that is based on knowledge of a subject or situation

有根据的决定/选择/判断等

Good information is essential if people are to make informed choices about services.

人们若要明智地选择服务，就必须有准确的信息。

to give someone the latest news and details about a situation

Please keep me [fully informed](bold) of any developments.

事态如有进展，请随时通知我。


infrastructure

the basic systems and structures that a country or organization needs in order to work properly, for example roads, railways, banks etc

基础设施[建设]〔如公路、铁路、银行等〕

Some countries lack a suitable economic infrastructure.

一些国家缺乏适当的经济基础设施。

a $65 billion investment package in education, health care and infrastructure

用于教育、卫生保健和基础设施的650亿美元一揽子投资计划


infringe

[infringement](bold) n. <C,U> eg: the infringement of human rights

to do something that is against a law or someone’s legal rights

违反〔法律〕；侵犯〔他人权利〕

A backup copy of a computer program does not infringe copyright.

计算机程序的备份不侵犯版权。


ingenious

an ingenious plan, idea, or object works well and is the result of clever thinking and new ideas

〔计划、主意或物体〕精巧的，巧妙的

Many fish have ingenious ways of protecting their eggs from predators.

很多鱼都有绝妙的方法来保护它们产的卵不被捕食者吃掉。

someone who is ingenious is very good at inventing things or at thinking of new ideas

〔人〕善于创造发明的，足智多谋的，心灵手巧的


ingredient

All the ingredients we use are fresh, and bought locally.

We use only natural ingredients in our products.

Nowadays much of what we eat contains artificial ingredients.

The main ingredient of the sauce is tomatoes.

This mixture of spices is a basic ingredient of the curry sauce.

(=the ingredients that are added later when you are preparing a dish)

Add all of the remaining ingredients and mix well.

Many recipes in this book use Chinese ingredients.

Combine all the ingredients to form a smooth dough.

Add the other ingredients and stir thoroughly.

Heat the sauce gently, then stir in the remaining ingredients.

You should check the list of ingredients on fruit juice cartons.

one of the foods that you use to make a particular food or dish

Combine all the ingredients in a large bowl.

把所有的食材放在大碗里拌匀。

The food is home-cooked using fresh ingredients.

这种食物是用新鲜的食材在家里烹制的。

〔完成某事的〕要素，因素

John [has](bold) all [the ingredients of](bold) a great player.

约翰具备一个伟大运动员的一切素质。

Investment in new product development is an [essential ingredient](bold) of corporate success.

投资开发新产品是公司成功的重要因素。

the substance in a product such as a medicine that causes the product’s intended result

Acetic acid is the chief active ingredient in vinegar.

醋酸是醋的主要有效成分。


inhabit

[Inhabit](bold)  is mainly used in formal or scientific contexts. In everyday English, people usually say someone [lives in](bold)  a place:

Millions of people [live in](bold) these shantytowns.

if animals or people inhabit an area or place, they live there

〔动物或人〕居住于〔某地〕

The woods are inhabited by many wild animals.

很多野生动物栖居在这片森林里。


inhabitant

one of the people who live in a particular place


inherent

[inherently](bold) adv. eg: Firefighting is an inherently dangerous occupation.

a quality that is inherent in something is a natural part of it and cannot be separated from it

I’m afraid the problems you mention are inherent in the system.

你提及的这些问题恐怕本来就存在于这个体制中。

Every business has its own inherent risks.


inherit

to receive money, property etc from someone after they have died

He inherited a fortune from his grandmother.

他从祖母那儿继承了一大笔财产。

if you inherit a situation, especially one in which problems have been caused by other people, you have to deal with it

接手，接过，承担〔由别人造成的问题〕

The present government inherited a closed, state-dominated economy.

to have the same character or appearance as your parents

经遗传得到〔父母的性格、外貌〕

Mr. Grass inherited his work ethic from his father.

格拉斯先生继承了父亲的职业精神。

to get something that someone else does not want anymore

接收〔别人不再需要的东西〕

We inherited the furniture from the previous tenants.

我们从先前搬走的房客那里接收了这些家具。


inheritance

money, property etc that you receive from someone who has died

Lucinda has to fight for her life and her inheritance in this gripping novel.

在这部扣人心弦的小说里，露辛达不得不为自己的生命与所继承的遗产进行抗争。

physical or mental qualities that you inherit from your family

Our genetic inheritance cannot be changed.

我们的基因遗传特征是无法改变的。

ideas, skills, literature etc from the past that influence people in the present

遗产〔指对现在的人有影响的过去的思想、技艺、文学等〕

ideas that have become part of our cultural inheritance

已成为我们文化遗产一部分的思想


inhibit

to prevent something from growing or developing well

An unhappy family life may inhibit children’s learning.

不幸福的家庭生活可能会阻碍儿童的学习。

to make someone feel embarrassed or nervous so that they cannot do or say what they want to

Recording the meeting may inhibit people from expressing their real views.

对会议进行录音记录可能会使人们不敢表达他们的真实想法。


inhibition

a feeling of shyness or embarrassment that stops you doing or saying what you really want

〔羞怯、窘迫造成的〕压抑，顾忌，拘谨

She had no inhibitions about saying what she felt.

她毫不顾忌地说出自己的感觉。

People tend to [lose](bold) their [inhibitions](bold) when they’ve drunk a lot of alcohol.

人们在喝多了酒之后往往会无所顾忌。

when something is restricted or prevented from happening or developing


initial

5,000英镑的初始投资

The initial response has been encouraging.


initial

the first letter of someone’s first name

‘Can I have your initial, Mr Davies?’ ‘It’s G, Mr G Davies.’

“戴维斯先生，您名字的首字母是什么？” “是G，G.戴维斯。”

the first letters of all your names in order

His initials are DPH: they stand for David Perry Hallworth.


initial

[past tense and past participle](italic) [initialled](bold) [present participle](italic) [initialling](bold) ([BrE](bold)) [past tense and past participle](italic) [initialed](bold) [present participle](italic) [initialing](bold) ([AmE](bold))

to write your initials on a document to make it official or to show that you agree with something

在〔文件〕上签上姓名的首字母〔使其成为正式文件或表示同意〕

The two countries have initialled a new defence co-operation agreement.

两国签署了新的防务合作协议。


initially

Stan initially wanted to go to medical school.

Initially, I thought I would only stay there a year.

起初，我以为我只会在那儿待一年。


initiate

to arrange for something important to start, such as an official process or a new plan

开始实施，发起〔重要的事，如正式的程序或新计划〕

They have decided to initiate legal proceedings against the newspaper.

他们决定向该报提起法律诉讼。

Intellectuals have initiated a debate on terrorism.

知识分子就恐怖主义发起了辩论。

to tell someone about something or show them how to do something

使认识；向〔某人〕传授〔技巧〕

Those kids were initiated into heroin use at a young age.

to introduce someone into an organization, club, group etc, usually with a special ceremony

〔一般指通过特殊仪式〕使〔某人〕加入〔组织、俱乐部、团体等〕

At the age of thirteen, the boys in the tribe are initiated into manhood.

部落里的男孩到13岁就经由成人礼而步入成人之列。


initiate

someone who has been allowed to join a particular organization, club, or group and has been taught its secrets


initiative

the ability to make decisions and take action without waiting for someone to tell you what to do

I wish my son would [show](bold) more [initiative](bold).

我希望我的儿子能表现得再主动一些。

Don’t keep asking me for advice. [Use](bold) your [initiative](bold).

别老是要我给你出主意，发挥一下你自己的决断能力吧。

Lt. Carlos was not obeying orders. He [acted on](bold) his [own initiative](bold)(=he was not told what to do).

卡洛斯中尉没有服从命令，而是自作主张。

an important new plan or process to achieve a particular aim or to solve a particular problem

a government initiative to help exporters

a new initiative for peace in the Middle East

if you have or take the initiative, you are in a position to control a situation and decide what to do next

Why don’t you [take the initiative](bold) and ask him out?

为什么你不主动约他出去呢？

Politicians need to [seize the initiative](bold) from the terrorists.

政治家需要对恐怖分子主动出击。

The government must not [lose the initiative](bold) in the fight against terrorism.

政府在打击恐怖主义方面不能失去主动权。

a process by which ordinary citizens can officially suggest a change in the law by signing a petition

公民提案程序〔公民联名提出修改法律〕


inject

to put liquid, especially a drug, into someone’s body by using a special needle

The drug is injected directly into the base of the spine.

药物被直接注射入脊柱底部。

我必须给自己注射胰岛素。

to improve something by adding excitement, interest etc to it

Traditional handbag makers are injecting more fun into their designs.

传统的手袋制作者在他们的设计中注入了更多有趣的元素。

A market building can inject new life into an area.

市场大楼能给一个地区增添生气。

to provide more money, equipment etc for something

投入〔更多的资金、设备等〕

They need to inject more money into sports facilities.

他们需要在体育设施上投入更多的资金。


injection

He had to have an injection to relieve the pain.

The boxer received an injection of the drug before the fight.

She was taught how to administer an injection.

I needed a pain-killing injection in my elbow.

He had given the patient an intravenous injection to calm her down.

Pinkerton was executed by lethal injection.

You may need to be given an injection against tetanus.

an act of putting a drug into someone’s body using a special needle

The nurse [gave](bold) me a tetanus [injection](bold).

护士给我打了破伤风预防针。

The children hate [having injections](bold).

The only sure treatment is antibiotics, preferably by injection.

唯一有效的治疗方法是使用抗生素，最好是注射使用。

an addition of money to something in order to improve it

Our local football club may fold unless it [gets](bold) a [cash injection](bold).

除非有现金投入，否则我们当地的足球俱乐部可能就得关门。

the act of forcing a liquid into something


injure

to hurt yourself or someone else, for example in an accident or an attack

安格斯打橄榄球时弄伤了腿。

Two people have been critically injured in an accident.

在一次事故中，有两个人身受重伤。

to say unfair or unpleasant things that hurt someone’s pride, feelings etc

In everyday English, people usually say [hurt](bold)  rather than [injure](bold) :


injured

having a wound or damage to part of your body

切尔西队有三名受伤队员。

Grandpa was [badly injured](bold) in the war.

The car accident [left](bold) him seriously [injured](bold).

他在这场车祸中受了重伤。

Many of the injured are still in a serious condition.

a look that shows you feel you have been treated unfairly

a feeling of being upset or offended because you think you have been unfairly treated

受到伤害的自尊/情感等〔由于觉得受委屈〕

the person who has been unfairly treated in a particular situation


injury

[add insult to injury](bold) at → [add](->add) sense 8

damage to part of your body caused by an accident or an attack

The passengers were taken to hospital with minor injuries.

an injury, especially a deep cut in your skin made by a knife, bullet, or bomb

a small injury made when a sharp object cuts your skin

Blood was running from a cut on his chin.

a dark mark on your skin that you get when you fall or get hit

Jack often comes home from playing rugby covered in bruises.

a small injury that marks your skin or breaks the surface slightly

She fell off her bike and got a few grazes on her legs and knees.

an area of skin that is swollen because you have hit it against something

an injury to your , , knee etc, caused by suddenly twisting it

It’s a slight sprain – you should rest your ankle for a week.

an injury to a muscle caused by stretching it or using it too much

Some of the victims suffered terrible injuries.

Fortunately, his injuries weren’t fatal.

A man was treated in hospital for minor injuries.

The brain can be affected by permanent injury after a serious accident.

Fairground rides can cause some nasty injuries.

He suffered a shoulder injury while playing rugby.

The injured boy is being treated for a spinal injury.

I was offered treatment for my facial injuries.

She has vast knowledge of treating sports injuries.

He was the victim of an industrial injury.

He was coughing blood, a sign that he had internal injuries.

(=large number of injuries at the same time)

She had multiple injuries and a fractured skull.

Tom was OK, and had just a few minor injuries.

He suffered a serious leg injury in a motorcycle accident.

He couldn’t take the chance of getting an injury.

The injury was treated at the local hospital.

It took her six months to recover from the injury.

Two workmen narrowly escaped injury when a wall collapsed.

The injury was caused by flying glass from the car windscreen.

Jenkins was accused of inflicting a head injury on one of his former colleagues.

Be careful with that knife or you’ll do yourself an injury.

The injury occurred five minutes into the game.

She was rather prone to injury and often missed matches as a result.

He suffered injury problems throughout his career as a footballer.

a wound or damage to part of your body caused by an accident or attack

She was taken to hospital with serious head injuries.

她头部受重伤被送到医院。

The driver of the truck suffered injuries to his legs and arms.

卡车司机的腿和手臂受了伤。

Beckham has missed several games [through injury](bold)(=because of injury).

贝克汉姆因伤错过了几场比赛。

He’s a lawyer who specializes in personal injury claims.

他是个专门从事人身伤害索赔的律师。

damage to someone’s reputation, career, or feelings

〔对某人名誉、事业或情感的〕伤害，损害

He says that the allegations caused serious injury to his reputation.

他说那些指控使他的名誉受到了严重损害。


injustice

a situation in which people are treated very unfairly and not given their rights

innumerable injustices against the black population

对黑人难以计数的不公正行为

The movie deals with injustices suffered by Native Americans.

这部电影讲述印第安人受到的不公正待遇。

He had developed a deep [sense of](bold) social [injustice](bold).

to judge someone’s character or abilities unfairly

To say that you are a poor cook is to do yourself an injustice.

你说厨艺不行可是冤枉自己了。


ink

a coloured liquid that you use for writing, printing, or drawing

Please write [in](bold) black [ink](bold).

the black liquid in sea creatures such as octopuses and squid

〔章鱼、乌贼等海洋生物分泌出的〕墨汁


ink

to make a document, agreement etc official and legal by writing your signature on it

这两家公司签署了一项协议。


inn

a small hotel or pub, especially an old one in the countryside

〔尤指乡村中古老的〕小旅馆，小酒馆

a word used in the names of some pubs and hotels

〔用于某些酒馆、酒店的名称中〕


innate

[innately](bold) adv. eg: the army’s innately conservative values

an innate quality or ability is something you are born with

〔素质或能力〕天生的，与生俱来的

Children have an innate ability to learn language.

儿童学习语言的能力是与生俱来的。

an innate belief is something you feel strongly about and are unlikely to change

the innate conservatism of the farming community


inner

on the inside or close to the centre of something

inner thoughts or feelings are ones that you feel strongly but do not always show to other people

〔想法或情感〕未表达出来的，隐藏的，内心的

练习瑜伽使我感到内心平和。

She’ll need great inner strength to get over the tragedy.

她需要强大的精神力量来摆脱这一不幸带来的痛苦。

She never shared her inner thoughts with anyone.

她从不告诉别人她内心的想法。

relating to things which happen or exist but are not easy to see

the fascinating inner life of a political party

the few people in an organization, political party etc who control it or share power with its leader

thoughts or feelings inside your head which seem to warn or advise you

我的内心有个声音告诉我要小心谨慎。


innocence

Can you [prove](bold) your [innocence](bold)?

[protest/maintain your innocence](bold)(=say repeatedly that you are not guilty)

The prisoners continued to protest their innocence.

犯人们一再申明他们无罪。

lack of experience of life or of knowledge of the bad things in the world

In our innocence, we believed everything we were told.

我们太幼稚，把听到的一切都信以为真。

if you do or say something in all innocence, you have no intention of doing harm or of offending anyone


innocent

Nobody would believe that I was innocent.

The court [found](bold) him [innocent](bold) and he was released.

法庭判他无罪，他被释放了。

people who get hurt or killed in a war or crime although they are not directly involved in it

〔战争或犯罪行为中〕无辜的受害者/旁观者/人们等

Many innocent civilians are among the casualties.

伤亡者当中有很多是无辜的平民。

done or said without intending to harm or offend anyone

He was startled by their angry reaction to his innocent remark.

他们对他那毫无恶意的话如此愤怒，使他大为惊讶。

not having much experience of the bad things in the world, so that you are easily deceived

I was thirteen years old and very innocent.

我那时13岁，非常单纯无知。


innocent

someone who does not have much experience of the bad things in life


innovation

the introduction of new ideas or methods

We must encourage innovation if the company is to remain competitive.

公司要想保持竞争力，就必须鼓励革新。

We need to encourage innovation in industry.

Many people feel bewildered by the speed of [technological innovation](bold).

很多人对技术革新的速度感到不知所措。


innovative

an innovative idea or way of doing something is new, different, and better than those that existed before

〔思想或方法〕新颖的，创新的，革新的

an [innovative approach](bold) to language teaching

innovative schemes for recycling waste materials


input

If the input data specified it, the file will close and the process terminates.

如果输入数据指定，该文件就会关闭，数据处理终止。

ideas, advice, money, or effort that you put into a job or activity in order to help it succeed

投入(物)〔指对某项工作或活动所提供的意见、建议、资金或努力〕

Farmers contributed most of the input into the survey.

这次调查收集的意见大都是农场主提供的。

我们将需要社区护士的帮助。

electrical power that is put into a machine for it to use


input

[past tense and past participle](italic) [inputted](bold) or [past tense and past participle](italic) [input](bold) [present participle](italic) [inputting](bold)

把〔资料〕输入〔计算机〕

The information is input to our computer system.

信息被输入我们的电脑系统中。


inquire

enquire  [v](bold) <[I,T](bold)> [formal](special)

‘Why are you doing that?’ the boy inquired.

“你为什么这么做？”男孩问道。

I am writing to inquire about your advertisement in ‘The Times’.

贵方在《泰晤士报》刊登广告，特此致函问询。

The waiter inquired whether we would like to sit near the window.

侍者问我们是否想靠窗坐。

‘Where’s the station?’ she inquired of a passer-by.

“车站在哪儿？”她问一名过路人。

Toby would have liked to [inquire further](bold)(=ask more questions).


inquiry

[line of inquiry](bold) at → [line](->line) 1 sense 12

The police are making inquiries to discover the cause of the accident.

We’ve already had a lot of inquiries about membership of the new sports centre.

The television station has received several inquiries from viewers requesting a repeat of the programme.

Staff will be available to deal with inquiries.

The government has not yet answered our inquiry.

There is a need for a general inquiry into the train company’s safety standards.

His job is to answer specific inquiries by individuals or groups.

I submitted a written inquiry to the local council.

The special offer has produced a flood of inquiries from interested customers.

The government has refused to hold an inquiry into the incident.

Police launched an inquiry yesterday after a man was killed by a patrol car.

The outcome of the official inquiry will be eagerly awaited.

(=one which is open to members of the public)

MPs are demanding a public inquiry into the explosion at the nuclear power station.

(=one that is organized by people who are not involved in a situation)

The Labour Party is calling for an independent inquiry into the conduct of the police.

The case has been reopened with a police inquiry.

Calls for a judicial inquiry into the affair are growing louder.

A government inquiry was set up into discipline in schools.

Police say they haven’t launched a murder inquiry at this stage.

The accident inquiry revealed that the accident had been caused by human error.

The report of a parliamentary inquiry into the drugs trade is published today.

a question you ask in order to get information

→see THESAURUS at [question](->question) 1

We’re getting a lot of inquiries about our new London–Rio service.

许多人来打听我们新开设的伦敦－里约热内卢的航班情况。

I don’t know who sent the gift, but I’ll [make](bold) some [inquiries](bold).

我不知道礼物是谁送的，但我会打听一下。

[help the police with their inquiries](bold) BrE(=to answer questions about a crime)

the act or process of asking questions in order to get information

On further inquiry, it emerged that Malcolm had not been involved in the incident.

进一步的调查表明，马尔科姆没有参与该事件。

The local council set up a committee of inquiry to look into policing arrangements.

当地市政会成立了一个调查委员会来对治安维护措施进行调查。

an official process to find out about something

[launch/set up/hold an inquiry (into sth)](bold)

The Civil Aviation Authority has agreed to hold an inquiry into the accident.

民航局同意对事故进行调查。

The police have launched a [murder inquiry](bold).

警方已开始对谋杀案展开调查。

Parents have called for an [independent inquiry](bold) into the accident.

家长要求对事故进行独立调查。


insane

[insanely](bold) adv. eg: insanely jealous eg: She giggled insanely.

completely stupid or crazy, often in a way that is dangerous

The whole idea sounds absolutely insane to me.

整个主意在我看来荒谬至极。

Why did you do that? Have you [gone insane](bold)?

为什么这么做？你疯了吗？

someone who is insane is permanently and seriously mentally ill so that they cannot live in normal society

精神错乱的；精神失常的；疯癫的

The killer was declared criminally insane.

这名杀人犯被判定为精神失常犯罪。

to make someone feel more and more annoyed or angry, usually over a long period of time

〔一般指经过长时间〕逼得某人发疯

My little brother’s been driving me insane all weekend.

我的小弟弟整个周末逼得我发疯。


inscription

a piece of writing inscribed on a stone, in the front of a book etc

a Latin inscription on the memorial stone


insect

a small creature such as a fly or ant, that has six legs, and sometimes wings

Head lice are tiny insects that live in the hair.

an insect, especially one that you are frightened of

The mattress was covered in creepy-crawlies.

a small insect that lives on the juice of plants and destroys them

The leaves have been attacked by aphids.

The bird’s natural diet mainly consists of small insects.

The air was filled with thousands of tiny insects.

Toads mainly eat small dark flying insects.

Swallows swooped to snatch winged insects from the sky.

Insects were flying around the food on the counter.

Insects were buzzing around our heads as we walked through the forest.

He was worried about a large red insect bite on his back.

(=a hole in your skin made by an insect)

This cream is good for treating insect stings.

If you go camping, you should take some insect repellent.

Large numbers of insect species are becoming extinct.

(=young insects with soft bodies and no wings)

Fish love food such as worms and insect larvae.

Don’t forget to bring [insect repellent](bold)(=a chemical to keep insects away).


insecure

[insecurity](bold) n. <C,U> eg: Student teachers often suffer from a great sense of insecurity. eg: her deepest fears and insecurities

not feeling at all confident about yourself, your abilities, or your relationships with people

→see THESAURUS at [confident](->confident)

She’s very insecure about her appearance.

她对自己的外表很不自信。

She [felt](bold) lonely and [insecure](bold) away from her family.

远离家人使她觉得孤独，没有安全感。

a job,investment etc that is insecure does not give you a feeling of safety, because it might be taken away or lost at any time

〔工作、投资等〕无保障的，不安全的

Many of them work in low-paid insecure jobs.

他们当中的许多人都做着薪水低、不稳定的工作。

a building or structure that is insecure is not safe, because it could fall down


insert

to put something inside or into something else

His hand shook slightly as he inserted the key into the lock.

他把钥匙插进锁里，手微微颤抖。

to add something to the middle of a document or piece of writing

〔在文件或文稿中〕加入，加进

His manager inserted a new clause into his contract.

经理把一项新的条款加进他的合同里。

Insert your comments in the space below.

把你的意见写在下面空白处。


insert

printed pages that are put inside a newspaper or magazine in order to advertise something

〔夹在报纸杂志中的〕插页广告

关于电脑软件的六页插页广告

something that is designed to be put inside something else

He wore special inserts in his shoes to make him look taller.

他在鞋里垫了专用垫块，让他显得高一点。


inside

in or into a container or other closed space so as to be completely covered or surrounded

在〔容器或其他封闭的空间〕里面；往里面

The jewels were locked away inside the safe.

I sent the money inside an envelope addressed to Ann.

我把钱装在写有安的名字和地址的信封内寄出。

Carl picked up the book and stuffed it inside his jacket.

卡尔把书捡起来塞进自己的夹克里。

Her car was locked and the keys were inside.

她的车锁上了，钥匙在车里。

在〔建筑物、房间〕内；往里面

外面在下雨，我们不得不进屋去。

She could hear voices inside, but no one came to the door.

她能听到里面有说话声，但没人应门。

Mail was piled up just inside the doorway.

The sound was coming from inside the house.

声音是从房子里面传出来的。

There were 20 people packed inside of her dorm room.

她的寝室里挤了20个人。

in a country or area – used when you want to emphasize that something is happening there and not in other places

在〔国家、地区〕内部〔用于强调某事只在那里发生〕

Very little is known of events inside this mysterious country.

人们对这个神秘国家内部发生的事情知之甚少。

The guerrillas were said to be operating from bases inside the war zone.

据说游击队员从战区内的基地开始采取行动。

if someone is inside a group or organization, they are part of it

The information comes from sources inside the company.

Discussions should involve local people both inside and outside the school.

参加讨论的人应该包括校内校外的当地民众。

if something happens inside you, or inside your head or mind, it is part of what you think and feel, especially when you do not express it

在 …脑海中，在 …心里

You just don’t understand how I feel inside!

你真不理解我内心的感受！

Steve’s a strange guy – you never know what’s going on inside his head.

史蒂夫是个奇怪的人——你永远都不知道他脑子里在想些什么。

Something inside of me told me not to trust him.

我的内心深处告诉我不要相信他。

She could feel the baby kicking inside her.

You’ll feel better once you’ve got a good meal inside you (=after you have eaten something).

只要好好吃一顿，你就会感觉好一些。

in less than a particular amount of time

A full report is expected inside three months.

完整的报告预计在三个月内完成。

[inside the hour/month etc](bold)(=before an hour, month etc has passed)

Our aim is to get the whole job finished inside of a week.

我们的目标是一周内完成全部工作。

Jonson’s time of 9.3 seconds was just inside the world record.

我的男友已经在监狱里服刑一年了。


inside

the inner part of something, which is surrounded or hidden by the outer part

condensation on the inside of the window

The door had been locked from the inside.

with the usual outside parts on the inside

你把套头毛衣里外穿反了。

I always [turn](bold) my jeans [inside out](bold) to wash them.

我总是把牛仔裤翻过来洗。

to search a place very thoroughly by moving everything that is in it

对房间/建筑物等进行彻底搜查

The drug squad turned the apartment inside out.

缉毒队把公寓翻了个底朝天。

([know sth inside and out](bold) ([AmE](bold)) )

someone who is on the inside is a member of a group or an organization

〔团体或组织的〕内部人员

Someone on the inside must have helped with the robbery.

一定有内应为这次抢劫提供了帮助。

if a car passes another car on the inside, it passes on the side that is away from the driver

〔汽车超车时〕从内侧，从里道，从内圈

My insides are beginning to complain about the lack of food.

我的肚子开始饿得咕咕叫了。


inside

in or facing the inner part of something

information that is available only to people who are part of a particular group or organization

Police believe the robbers may have had inside information.

警方认为劫匪可能得到了内部消息。

the lane that is furthest away from the middle of the road

〔靠近路边的〕内车道，慢车道


insight

a sudden clear understanding of something or part of something, especially a complicated situation or idea

〔尤指对复杂情况、看法的〕顿悟，猛醒

The article [gives](bold) us a real [insight](bold) into the causes of the present economic crisis.

这篇文章分析了目前经济危机的原因，发人深省。

The research [provides](bold) new [insights](bold) into the way we process language.

该研究对我们处理语言的方式提出了新的深刻见解。

the ability to understand and realize what people or situations are really like


insignificant

ˌɪnsɪɡˈnɪfɪkənt◂

ˌɪnsɪɡˈnɪfɪkənt◂

too small or unimportant to consider or worry about

→see THESAURUS at [unimportant](->unimportant)

You realize that your problems are insignificant in comparison.

要知道，你的问题相对来说微不足道。


insincere

[insincerity](bold) /ˌɪnsɪnˈserəti/  n. <U>

pretending to be pleased, sympathetic etc, especially by saying nice things, but not really meaning what you say

an offer which she knew to be impractical and insincere

一个她认为不实际、不真诚的建议


insist

You [insist on](bold)  something: She insists on her own bedroom.

You [insist on doing](bold)  something: She insists on having her own bedroom.
Don’t say: [She insists her own bedroom.](strike)

In everyday English, you [insist that](bold)  someone [does](bold)  something: I insist that he waits.

In formal English, you [insist that](bold)  someone [do](bold)  something, using the base form of the verb (= infinitive without ‘to’) : I insist that he wait.

You use the base form of the verb when talking about the past: I insisted that he [wait](bold).  In everyday English, people also say: I insisted that he [waited](bold).

You [insist that](bold)  someone [should do](bold)  something: They insisted that I should join them.  This pattern is often used in the past, when reporting what someone has insisted.

to say firmly that someone should do something or that something should happen

She insisted that it was her turn to drive.

to say very strongly and sometimes angrily that you want something or that something must happen

I wrote a letter to the company, demanding an apology and a refund.

if you are required to do something, a rule or law says that you must do it

The successful applicant will be required to sign a two-year contract.

to say very firmly that something must happen or is right, and refuse to change your mind when other people try to persuade you

The actress has always been adamant about keeping her private life private.

to insist that someone must do what you say or ask

You’re coming home with me – I won’t take no for an answer.

to say very firmly that someone must not do something

Ed was talking about dropping out of school, but Mom and Dad put their foot down.

to say firmly and often that something is true, especially when other people think it may not be true

迈克坚决认为自己是对的。

His friends insisted he had no connection with drugs.

他的朋友坚持说他和毒品无关。

留下来吃晚餐——听我的！

They insisted that everyone should come to the party.

他们坚持要每个人都参加聚会。

We insist on the highest standards of cleanliness in the hotel.

我们坚持宾馆要达到最高的清洁标准。

He insisted upon checking everything himself.

used when agreeing to do something that you do not really want to do

如果你一定要这样〔用来对你并不真正想做的事表示同意〕

‘Why don’t you call them up today?’ ‘Oh, if you insist!’

“你何不今天就给他们打电话？”“噢，如果你一定要我这样办的话！”

to keep doing something, especially something that is inconvenient or annoying

坚持做某事〔尤指麻烦或令人讨厌的事〕

She will insist on washing her hair just when I want to have a bath.

我想洗澡的时候，她一定要洗头。


inspect

to examine something carefully in order to find out more about it or to find out what is wrong with it

I got out of the car to [inspect the damage](bold).

Police inspected the scene and interviewed all the staff.

警察仔细检查了现场并询问了所有员工。

The police will inspect the venue for safety.

警察将检查会场的安全性。

to make an official visit to a building, organization etc to check that everything is satisfactory and that rules are being obeyed

The building is regularly inspected by the fire-safety officer.

消防安全官定期巡视这座大楼。

General Allenby arrived to inspect the troops.

艾伦比将军前来检阅部队。

In everyday English, people usually say [take a look at](bold)  something or someone or, in British English, [have a look at](bold)  something or someone rather than [inspect](bold)  something or someone:

Can I [take a look at](bold) your ticket, please?


inspection

The architect has now made his detailed inspection of the building.

A full inspection of the site is due to be conducted.

(=a very quick and not very careful inspection)

He made only a cursory inspection of the truck.

Preparations were made in advance of the official inspection.

(=an ordinary inspection that happens regularly)

A routine inspection revealed that several lorries were not roadworthy.

A young airman had carried out the daily inspection of the instruments.

The aircraft was due for its annual inspection.

Restaurants are subject to regular health and safety inspections.

A safety inspection was carried out on the boiler system.

The arrangements for school inspections have been greatly improved.

The government has agreed to allow UN weapons inspections in the country.

Schoolchildren had to undergo a compulsory medical inspection.

Engineers had carried out an inspection on the plane.

He was conducting an inspection in the factory.

The inspection was completed and the relevant forms filled in.

The supermarket can only trade if it passes the cleanliness inspection.

He couldn’t join the army because he failed the medical inspection.

The inspection revealed several lapses in safety standards.

To date no inspection visit has been made.

Morris took off on his tour of inspection.

The inspection team described the 1,688 pupil school as ‘outstanding’.

an official visit to a building or organization to check that everything is satisfactory and that rules are being obeyed

An [inspection](bold) was [carried out](bold) at the school.

[tour of inspection](bold)(=an official visit to inspect something)

a careful examination of something to find out more about it or to check for anything wrong

Copies of the documents are available for inspection (=people can look at them) at local libraries.

当地图书馆里有文件可供查阅。

[(on) close/closer inspection](bold)(=when looked at in detail)

However, on closer inspection, a number of problems emerged.

然而，经进一步检查，很多问题冒了出来。

Close inspection of the plane’s engines revealed several small defects.

飞机引擎经严格检查后，暴露出几处小缺陷。


inspector

an official whose job is to check that something is satisfactory and that rules are being obeyed

Standards of discipline at the school were strongly criticized in the inspector’s report.

督察员在报告里狠狠地批评了这所学校的纪律水准。


inspiration

ˌɪnspəˈreɪʃən

ˌɪnspəˈreɪʃən

He gets much of his inspiration from the classical poets.

She draws inspiration from mythology and folk stories.

As a musician, he finds inspiration in traditional music.

I sought inspiration in medieval carvings.

He had an inspiration while he was taking a walk in the countryside.

(=not have any good or interesting ideas)

His latest album appears to lack inspiration.

The Malvern Hills have provided inspiration for many artists.

The architect’s chief inspiration came from Christopher Wren.

A sudden flash of inspiration came to him.

Our success was a source of inspiration for many countries in Africa.

My mother was a great inspiration to me.

Fresh inspiration was provided by his trip to Italy.

(=in which someone copies an idea directly from a person or thing)

She took direct inspiration from the films of John Ford.

(=which inspires someone to create something new, for example a story or a work of art)

Her creative inspiration is evident in this series of sculptures.

(=which inspires someone to produce a work of art)

Writers are always looking for new sources of inspiration.

(=which inspires someone to write poetry)

Poetic inspiration can come from many sources.

a good idea about what you should do, write, say etc, especially one which you get suddenly

The Malvern Hills have [provided inspiration](bold) for many artists and musicians over the decades.

几十年来，莫尔文丘陵为很多艺术家和音乐家提供了灵感。

He raised his eyes to the altar as if [seeking inspiration](bold).

他抬头看看祭坛，似乎在寻求灵感。

He [draws inspiration from](bold) ordinary scenes.

他从日常生活中得到灵感。

Mary Quant’s [inspiration comes from](bold) the glam style of the seventies.

玛莉·匡特的灵感来自70年代的魅惑风格。

He had a sudden [flash of inspiration](bold).

He has always been a [source of inspiration](bold) for me.

a person, experience, place etc that gives you new ideas for something you do

给人以灵感的人物[经历，地点等]

The seascapes of Cape Cod were her inspiration.

He was the inspiration for Wordsworth’s poem ‘The Old Huntsman’.

他是华兹华斯诗作《老猎人》的原型。

to make someone feel encouraged to be as good, successful etc as possible

People like Tara are an inspiration to us all.

像塔拉这样的人鼓舞着我们大家。

used to say who made a person or group want to do something

the spread of improved nursing under the inspiration of Florence Nightingale

在弗洛伦斯·南丁格尔的鼓舞下，改善后的护理工作得以传播


inspire

to encourage someone by making them feel confident and eager to do something

We need someone who can inspire the team.

我们需要一个能鼓舞团队士气的人。

He inspired many young people to take up the sport.

他激励了很多年轻人参与这项运动。

I hope this success will inspire you to greater efforts.

我希望这次成功能激励你更加努力。

Inspired by the sunny weather, I decided to explore the woods.

阳光明媚的天气令人振奋，我决定到森林里寻幽探胜。

to make someone have a particular feeling or react in a particular way

使〔某人〕产生〔某种感情或反应〕，激起，唤起

Gandhi’s quiet dignity inspired great respect.

甘地不怒自威，令人肃然起敬。

[inspire confidence](bold)(=make people feel confident because they trust your ability)

他开车的技术让人难以放心。

The hospital’s record does [not inspire confidence](bold).

医院以往的记录让人难以信任。

to give someone the idea for something, especially a story, painting, poem etc

The story was inspired by a chance meeting with an old Russian duke.

这个故事的创作灵感来自与一位俄国老公爵的不期而遇。

a range of designs inspired by wild flowers

从野花中得到灵感的一系列设计


install

to put a piece of equipment somewhere and connect it so that it is ready to be used

The company is installing a new computer system.

How much does it cost to install central heating?

to install something. [Put in ](bold) is more common in everyday English than [install](bold) and is used especially about things that are not very complicated to install

The workmen are coming to put the new windows in today.

They removed the bath and put in a shower instead.

to put a new part or piece of equipment into or onto something

I had to fit new locks after the burglary.

All vehicles must have seat belts fitted.

to put cables or a  in the correct place on the ground

Work on laying the telephone cables has not yet begun.

Two workmen were laying carpet tiles in the kitchen.

They’ve installed the new computer network at last.

他们终于安装了新电脑网络。

Security cameras have been installed in the city centre.

在市中心已安装了一些监控摄像机。

to add new software to a computer so that it is ready to be used

给〔计算机〕安装〔新软件〕

We’ve installed new anti-virus software.

我们已经安装了新的杀毒软件。

to put someone in an important job or position, especially with a ceremony

〔尤指通过仪式〕任命，使就职

Churchill was installed as Chancellor of the university.

丘吉尔被任命为那所大学的名誉校长。

to settle somewhere as if you are going to stay for a long time

〔打算逗留很长一段时间〕把自己安顿[安置]在〔某地〕


installation

ˌɪnstəˈleɪʃən

ˌɪnstəˈleɪʃən

when someone fits a piece of equipment somewhere

the installation and maintenance of alarm systems

a piece of equipment that has been fitted in its place

The whole computer installation was nearly new.

整套电脑设备几乎是全新的。

a place where industrial or military equipment, machinery etc has been put

a piece of modern art which can include objects, light, sound etc

现代雕塑装置〔除物体外还包括光、声等〕

the ceremony of putting someone in an important job or position


instance

We need to rethink the way we consume energy. Take, for instance, our approach to transport.

我们需要重新考虑我们使用能源的方式，例如我们的运输方式。

an example of a particular kind of situation

〔特定情况的〕例子，实例

They came across many instances of discrimination.

他们遇到很多歧视的事例。

instances where safety regulations have been breached

[In this instance](bold) I think she was mistaken.

在这一点上我认为她弄错了。

〔一连串行动的〕第一步，首先

Anyone wishing to join the society should apply in the first instance to the secretary.

任何人想加入协会都得先向干事提出申请。


instance

She instanced the first chapter as proof of his skill in constructing scenes.

她以第一章为例阐述他构思情节的技巧。


instant

a system that provides instant access to client information

能立即查到客户信息的系统

The women took an instant dislike to one another.

这些女人立刻就彼此厌恶起来。

The programme brought an instant response.

instant food, coffee etc is in the form of powder and prepared by adding hot water

〔食物、咖啡等〕即食的，食用[调制]方便的


instant

She caught his eye [for an instant](bold).

她刹那间便吸引了他的目光。

When the rain started, the crowd vanished [in an instant](bold)(=immediately).

开始下雨了，人群转眼间消失无踪。

She stepped towards the door and, in that very same instant, the doorbell rang.

她走向门口，就在此时门铃响了。

The instant I saw him, I knew he was the man from the restaurant.

我一看到他就认出他是餐馆里的那个人。

Jen burst out laughing the instant she walked in.

她一走进来，珍就大笑起来。

used when telling someone, especially a child, to do something immediately

立即，现在就〔尤用于催促小孩〕


instantly

→see THESAURUS at [immediately](->immediately) 1

四名受害人全部当即死亡。

The information was instantly available.


instead

used when saying that a particular thing is used or happens and not another thing, or that someone does something and not another person

There were no single rooms, so I booked a double instead.

Chris couldn't go to the meeting, so I said that I would go instead.

I really wished it had been me instead of him.

instead of something or someone – often used when someone does something instead of doing another thing, because it seems better or more suitable

Rather than driving around all day looking for somewhere to park, why don’t you take a bus into town?

A lot of people are choosing to rent rather than buy their own homes.

It might be better if you asked him rather than me.

having the position or role that something or someone else once had

The factory was demolished and flats were built in its place.

If I refused to go, they would send someone else in my place.

instead of someone or as their representative

She asked the doctor to speak to her parents on her behalf.

He collected the award on behalf of his sister.

used when something is not chosen or used, because something else seems much better

The original plan was abandoned in favour of a new proposal.

She was rejected for the job in favor of a more experienced teacher.

used when something is chosen or used because it seems much better than something else

What makes customers choose one brand in preference to another?

used to say what is not used, does not happen etc, when something else is used, happens etc

You probably picked up my keys instead of yours.

你可能没拿你的钥匙而错拿了我的。

我可否要金枪鱼来代替火腿？

Instead of being annoyed, he seemed quite pleased.

他没有生气，反而似乎很高兴。

used to say what is done, when you have just said that a particular thing is not done

Geoff didn’t study law. Instead, he decided to become an actor.

杰夫没学法律，相反，他决定当演员。

If Jo can’t attend the meeting, I could go instead.

如果乔不能去开会，我可以代他去。


instinct

He bent down, obeying a deep instinct to protect himself from danger.

I followed my natural instinct to run away.

Her gut instinct about Jimmy had been right.

It's a natural human instinct to comfort someone who is unhappy.

It's animal instinct to attack the leader of the herd when his strength begins to fail.

The need to survive is the most basic instinct that we have.

(=an instinct to survive in a difficult situation)

Survival instinct told me to get up and run.

(=an instinct to kill, harm or defeat someone)

The team needs to develop the killer instinct.

(=an instinct to compete against others and try to win)

He now channels his competitive instincts into his job.

Kate's maternal instinct told her to pick the child up and comfort it.

The minister's shrewd political instincts didn't let him down.

(=believe that your instincts are correct)

I've trusted my instincts in the past and they've usually been right.

I just went on my instincts and refused his offer.

(=do what your instinct tells you to do)

You should obey your instincts when dealing with strangers.

She had the instinct to see what made people unhappy.

He lacked the instinct to attack another human being.

Every instinct told her that he was telling the truth.

a natural tendency to behave in a particular way or a natural ability to know something, which is not learned

Animals have a [natural instinct](bold) for survival.

the human instinct to form relationships

人类建立起相互关系的天性

Her [instinct told](bold) her that something was wrong.

[sb’s first instinct](bold)(=what someone feels like doing first when something happens)

His first instinct was to rush back to Isobel.

他的第一直觉是赶快回到伊索贝尔那儿。


instinctive

based on instinct and not involving thought


institute

an organization that has a particular purpose such as scientific or educational work, or the building where this organization is based

〔从事科研或教育等的〕机构；学院；研究院


institute

to introduce or start a system, rule, legal process etc

制定〔制度、规则等〕；提出〔诉讼〕

We had no choice but to institute court proceedings against the airline.

我们别无选择，只能对航空公司提起诉讼。


institution

ˌɪnstɪˈtjuːʃən

a large organization that has a particular kind of work or purpose

→see THESAURUS at [organization](->organization)

the government and other political institutions

powerful institutions such as world banks

诸如世界银行之类的强大机构

an important system of organization in society that has existed for a long time

[social institutions](bold) such as the family and religion

家庭和宗教这一类社会制度

[the institution of marriage/monarchy etc](bold)

The scandal threatened to undermine the institution of the presidency.

a building that people are sent to when they need to be looked after, for example old people or children with no parents – often used to show disapproval

慈善机构，社会福利机构〔常含贬义〕

I was determined not to put my mother in an institution.

我决意不送母亲去养老院。

a [mental institution](bold)(=for the mentally ill)

when something is started or introduced, especially something relating to the law or politics

〔尤指与法律或政治有关的〕开创，制定

if a person, place, event etc is an institution, they have been an important part of a place for a very long time – often used humorously

是〔某地长期以来〕重要[出名]的人[地点，事件等]〔常为幽默用法〕

The British pub isn’t just somewhere to drink – it’s an institution.

这家英式酒吧不仅仅是喝酒的地方——它享有盛名。


institutional

ˌɪnstəˈtjuːʃənəl

[adj](bold) <[usually before noun](bold)>

institutional attitudes and behaviour have existed for a long time in an organization and have become accepted as normal even though they are bad

〔态度和行为因存在已久〕已形成制度的；惯例的

accusations of [institutional racism](bold) in the police force

对警察队伍中已形成风气的种族主义的谴责


instruct

His secretary was instructed to cancel all his engagements.

他的秘书接到指示，取消他所有的预约。

The judge immediately instructed that Beattie be released.

Eva went straight to the hotel, [as instructed](bold)(=as she had been told).

伊娃按照指示径直去了宾馆。

He had instructed the slaves what to say when questioned.

他指示奴隶们在受到盘问时要说些什么。

to teach someone something, or show them how to do something

Greater effort is needed to instruct children in road safety.

在指导儿童注意道路安全方面需要更大的努力。

Employees are instructed how to make a complaint.

雇员接受如何投诉的指导。

to officially tell someone about something

I was instructed that £20,000 had been paid into my account.

我得到通知两万英镑已存入我的账户。

[Instruct](bold)  is usually passive in this meaning.

to employ a lawyer to represent you in court


instruction

(=do what the instructions tell you to do)

You should follow the instructions on the packet.

Always read the instructions before switching on the machine.

Detailed instructions are supplied with the software.

The tent comes with instructions on how to put it up.

The instructions say that you should take the tablets after meals.

The instructions that I got with the phone weren’t very clear.

There are detailed instructions on the back of the box.

Each member of the team was issued with written instructions.

There are comprehensive instructions for completing and filing the new tax form.

Full instructions accompany the smoke alarm.

(=giving details of each thing you should do in order)

This book gives step-by-step instructions for making curtains.

(=the instructions given by the company that made something)

Make up the mixture according to the manufacturer’s instructions.

Written safety instructions should be supplied with all equipment.

The operating instructions have been simplified so that they are easier to follow.

The cooking instructions can be found on the side of the packet.

The instruction manual for the camera is over 150 pages long.

The washing machine comes with an instruction leaflet.

the written information that tells you how to do or use something

Press ‘Enter’ and follow the on-screen instructions.

按回车键，然后按照电脑屏幕上的指示来操作。

Both products come with instructions for use.

两个产品都附有使用指南。

Are there any instructions on how to plant the trees?

a statement telling someone what they must do

He had [specific instructions](bold) to check everyone’s identity cards.

他接到明确指示，要检查每个人的身份证。

Mrs Edwards [gave ](bold)[instructions](bold) that she was not to be disturbed.

爱德华兹夫人吩咐不要打扰她。

on sb’s instructions (=having been told by someone to do something)

On the landlord’s instructions, the barmaid refused to serve him.

按照店主的指示，这位酒吧女侍应拒绝为他服务。

[My instructions are](bold)(=I have been told) to give the package to him personally.

我接到的指示是亲手把包裹交给他。

Make sure you [carry out](bold) the doctor’s [instructions](bold).

be under instruction to do sth (=to have been told to do something)

The police were under instruction to fire if necessary.

警察得到指示，在必要的情况下可以开枪。

teaching that you are given in a particular skill or subject

The school [gives instruction](bold) in first aid.

This group of trainees is still under instruction.


instructor

someone who teaches a sport or practical skill

〔教授运动或技艺的〕指导员，教练，导师

someone who teaches in an American college or university and who has a rank below assistant professor


instrument

All students at the school have the opportunity to learn an instrument.

The musicians were tuning their instruments before the concert began.

You could hire an instrument from a music shop.

Violas blend very well with most of the wind instruments.

The tuba is the deepest of the brass instruments.

He spent many hours playing string instruments of all kinds.

Keyboard instruments are relatively easy to learn.

Children can learn to play percussion instruments through games and songs.

An electronic instrument requires no tuning and very little maintenance.

The organ has increasingly become recognized as a solo instrument in its own right.

a small tool used in work such as science or medicine

〔科学、医学等工作用的小巧的〕器械，器具

an object used for producing music, such as a piano or violin

a piece of equipment for measuring and showing distance, speed, temperature etc

something or someone that is used to get a particular result

促成某事的物[人]；手段，方法

Interest rates are an important instrument of economic policy.

利率是经济政策的重要调控手段。

Good management should be an instrument for innovation.

良好的管理应当是促成创新的手段。

something that is used to hit or hurt someone

〔击打或伤害他人的〕工具

Death was due to a blow on the head with a [blunt instrument](bold).

死亡是由于钝器击中头部所致。

[instrument of torture](bold)(=an object used to make people suffer pain until they give information)

someone or something that is used by a power beyond our control

受命运/上帝摆布的人[物]


insufficient

ˌɪnsəˈfɪʃənt◂

ˌɪnsəˈfɪʃənt◂

Insufficient resources have been devoted to the health service.

用于卫生服务的资源不足。

His salary was insufficient for their needs.

他的薪水不足以满足他们的需求。

The heating is insufficient to kill the bacteria.

加热不足以杀死这种细菌。

At the moment, there’s insufficient evidence to arrest anyone.

现在证据不充分，不能拘捕任何人。


insult

to offend someone by saying or doing something they think is rude

Nobody insults my family and gets away with it!

谁也别想侮辱了我的家人之后就这么算了！

I hope Andy won’t be insulted if I don’t come.

如果我不来，希望安迪不要介意。

They insult us by ignoring our complaints.

他们对我们的投诉不理不睬，这是在侮辱我们。

to say or do something that suggests you think someone is stupid

I won’t insult your intelligence by lying. Yes, I told him.

我不想撒谎来侮辱你的智商。是，我告诉他了。


insult

[add insult to injury](bold) at → [add](->add) sense 8

a remark or action that is offensive or deliberately rude

She was shouting insults at her boyfriend.

她正对她的男朋友高声辱骂。

干那么多工作才给200美元？这简直是侮辱。

Their offer was so low I [took](bold) it [as an insult](bold)(=thought it was meant to be an insult).

他们的出价太低，我认为是一种侮辱。

to offend someone by being too simple or stupid

〔因过于简单或愚蠢而〕是对某人智商的侮辱

Some advertising is an insult to our intelligence.

有些广告对我们的智商是一种侮辱。


insulting

〔对某人〕侮辱的，无礼的

性别歧视的语言对妇女有冒犯意味。


insurance

→ [National Insurance](->National Insurance)

None of her family have private health insurance.

Most banks are also able to arrange travel insurance.

He was fined for driving without motor insurance.

The damage may be covered by your house insurance.

Surprisingly few families have adequate life insurance.

You also get free travel accident insurance if you pay for your tickets with a credit card.

(=car insurance that pays for damage whether it is caused by you or by someone else)

The cost of comprehensive insurance is likely to drop.

(=insurance that pays money to someone who is hurt or whose property is damaged by something you have done)

You are legally obliged to take out third-party insurance.

This insurance policy represents excellent value for money.

She filed an insurance claim for the missing jewellery.

(=a company or person that arranges and sells insurance to people)

Bellingham practised as an insurance broker.

The costs involved in private medical insurance schemes have risen steeply.

(=money that you pay regularly to an insurance company)

Your insurance premium is payable when you make your holiday booking.

He'd fallen behind with his insurance payments.

an insurance certificate/a certificate of insurance

The courts recognize the insurance certificate as evidence of being insured.

The scheme provides full insurance cover for pre-existing medical conditions.

Insurance fraud costs the industry millions of pounds each year.

He offered me a post as a life insurance salesman.

The insurance industry is very competitive.

Flood damage isn't covered by the insurance.

We decided to take out insurance on the house and its contents.

I'm thinking of getting house insurance.

You can buy insurance against risks of all kinds.

He claimed the money back on his travel insurance.

A finance company will be able to arrange insurance for you.

The company sells insurance alongside its electrical products.

The insurance covered the cost of rebuilding the house after the fire.

His insurance paid for the damage to the car.

an arrangement with a company in which you pay them money, especially regularly, and they pay the costs if something bad happens, for example if you become ill or your car is damaged

Your father [took out insurance](bold) to cover the mortgage.

你父亲购买了抵押借款保险。

insurance against loss of income due to unemployment

Do you have insurance on your house and its contents?

你买住房和家庭财产险了吗？

[claim (for) sth on your insurance](bold)(=get an insurance company to pay for something)

We can probably claim the damage on our insurance.

我们也许可以向保险公司索赔损失。

the money that you pay regularly to an insurance company

protection against something bad happening

An extra lock on the door is an added insurance against burglars.

门上再加一把锁是额外的防盗保障。


insure

to buy insurance so that you will receive money if something bad happens to you, your family, your possessions etc

Have you insured the contents of your home?

[insure (sth/sb) against loss/damage/theft/sickness etc](bold)

It is wise to insure your property against storm damage.

为防风暴造成损毁而给财产买保险是明智之举。

[insure sth for £1,000/$2,000 etc](bold)

You should insure the painting for at least £100,000.

这幅画你至少应该投保十万英镑。

to provide insurance for something or someone

Many companies won’t insure young drivers.

许多公司都不愿意为年轻的司机承保。


intact

Only the medieval tower had [remained intact](bold).

只有这座中世纪塔楼保存完好。


integral

〔用于构成整体〕必需的，不可缺少的

Vegetables are an [integral part](bold) of our diet.

蔬菜是我们膳食中不可缺少的一部分。

Statistics are integral to medical research.

统计数字是医学研究中不可或缺的。

provided as part of something, rather than being separate

a racing car seat with an integral harness

配有内置安全带的跑车座椅


integrate

if two or more things integrate, or if you integrate them, they combine or work together in a way that makes something more effective

（使）合并，（使）结合〔从而变得更有效〕

Colourful illustrations are integrated into the text.

Transport planning should be integrated with energy policy.

运输计划应与能源政策结合起来。

computers of different makes that integrate with each other

连接在一起的不同品牌的电脑

to become part of a group or society and be accepted by them, or to help someone do this

（使）融入〔某群体或社会〕；（使）成为一体

We’re looking for people who can integrate with a team.

我们在寻求能融入团队的人。

Many children with learning difficulties are integrated into ordinary schools.

很多有学习障碍的儿童融入到普通学校里了。

to end the practice of separating people of different races in schools, colleges etc


integration

ˌɪntɪˈɡreɪʃən

ˌɪntɪˈɡreɪʃən

the combining of two or more things so that they work together effectively

the integration of data from other surveys

when people become part of a group or society and are accepted by them

The family unit is supported by its integration into a wider social network.

家庭单位由于融入更广阔的社会关系网而得到支持。

the process of getting people of different races to live and work together instead of separately


integrity

the quality of being honest and strong about what you believe to be right

the state of being united as one complete thing

the [territorial integrity](bold) of the country


intellect

the ability to understand things and to think intelligently

智力；领悟力；理解力；思维能力

He combined a formidable intellect with a talent for speaking.

他不但智力超群，而且口才出众。


intellectual

[intellectually](bold) adv. eg: intellectually stimulating

relating to the ability to understand things and think intelligently

a job that requires considerable intellectual effort

an intellectual person is well-educated and interested in serious ideas and subjects such as science, literature etc

〔人〕有才智的，智力发达的

needing serious thought in order to be understood


intellectual

an intelligent well-educated person who spends time thinking about complicated ideas and discussing them


intelligence

→ [artificial intelligence](->artificial intelligence)

the ability to learn, understand, and think about things

智力，智慧；悟性；理解力

To be good at the game, you need a reasonable level of intelligence.

要想把这种游戏玩好，需要一定的智力水平。

John showed high intelligence from an early age.

约翰很早就显现出高智商。

a woman who had both beauty and intelligence

information about the secret activities of foreign governments, the military plans of an enemy etc

According to our intelligence, further attacks were planned.

根据我们的情报，还会有更进一步的攻击。

Intelligence sources denied the reports.

情报人士否认了这些传闻。

a group of people or an organization that gathers this information for their government

In Britain there are three main intelligence organizations.

英国有三个主要的情报机构。


intelligent

having a high level of mental ability, and good at thinking clearly and understanding ideas

The top universities aim to select the most intelligent students.

intelligent, so that you can think and learn quickly and find ways to solve problems

That was very clever of you. How did you do that?

intelligent – used especially about children and young people

extremely intelligent and good at the work you do

a gifted child is much more intelligent than most other children

able to make good decisions and give sensible advice, especially because you have a lot of experience

good at using your intelligence to get what you want, often by making secret plans or tricking people

She was cunning enough to keep this latest piece of information secret.

My sister is the brainy one in our family.

an intelligent person has a high level of mental ability and is good at understanding ideas and thinking clearly

有智慧的，聪明的，悟性强的

a group of [highly intelligent](bold)(=very intelligent) students

Sontag was once famously described as the most intelligent woman in America.

an intelligent comment, question, conversation etc shows that you have thought about something carefully and understand it well

〔评论、问题、谈话等〕机智的，有才智的

You can’t have an intelligent conversation with him.

你不可能和他进行有见地的谈话。

an intelligent creature is able to think and understand

Are there [intelligent beings](bold) on other planets?

在其他行星上是否存在着有智力的生物？

an intelligent machine, system etc is able to learn and use information


intend

to have decided that you want to do something at some time in the future

He intends to appeal against the decision.

to intend to do something – used when you have made definite arrangements to do it

We’re going to have a meeting about it next week.

to intend to do something – used especially when you forget to do something or when something does not happen in the way you intended

to intend to do something – used especially when you have thought carefully about how and when you will do it

The airline plans to start flights to Thailand in July.

Jane and Rob are planning to get married next year.

to intend to do something – used when someone is very determined and knows clearly what they want to do

He set out to make a movie that would challenge people’s prejudices.

to intend to do something – used when saying what someone hopes to achieve

The film aims to explain global warming and what people can do about it.

to intend to do something – used when saying what someone suggests doing

How do you propose to deal with the situation?

to imagine that something is the kind of thing that you want to happen, or that someone is the person you want to choose

‘How about going out for a pizza?’ ‘That wasn’t exactly what I had in mind.’

to have decided that you will definitely not do something

Tom has no intention of retiring just yet.

The government has no intention of lifting the ban.

to have something in your mind as a plan or purpose

I didn’t intend her to see the painting until it was finished.

我没打算在画还没有完成时就让她看。

I never intended things to turn out the way they did.

我从未想过事情的结果是那样的。

[It is intended that](bold) these meetings will become a regular event.

这些会议计划将定期召开。

We intend looking at the situation again.

I [fully intend](bold)(=definitely intend) to return home next year.

In everyday English, people usually say [plan to do ](bold) something or [plan on doing](bold)  something, rather than [intend to do](bold)  something or [intend doing](bold)  something:

I [plan to](bold) spend the night there.

I didn’t [plan on](bold) things [taking](bold) so long. OR I didn’t [plan for](bold) things [to take](bold) so long.

to be provided or designed for a particular person or purpose

是为某人/某事物而提供[设计]的

The book is intended for children aged 5–7.

这本书是专为五至七岁儿童写的。

the person, thing, result etc that an action is intended to affect or reach

预期的目标/被害人/目的地等

It seems likely that General Rogers was the killer’s intended victim.

看来杀手当时想要袭击的目标可能是罗杰斯将军。


intense

[intensely](bold) adv. eg: He disliked Kate intensely.

The prime minister is under intense pressure to call a general election.

There is intense competition for places on the course.

He could feel the intense heat of the Egyptian sun.

She felt an intense pain in her right shoulder.

Anne read the letter with intense pleasure.

Fred felt an intense desire to punch Max in the face.

The police are aware of the intense interest in the case.

He had taken an intense dislike to Robert.

The opening of the restaurant was preceded by a period of intense activity.

Abortion has become the subject of intense debate.

The hostages were freed after intense negotiations.

The mining industry is coming under intense scrutiny over its environmental record.

(=a lot of guessing about what may have happened)

After weeks of intense speculation, the actress announced that she was pregnant.

Locals have voiced intense opposition to plans to expand the airport.

having a very strong effect or felt very strongly

Young people today are under intense pressure to succeed.

如今的年轻人面临要出人头地的巨大压力。

The pain was so intense I couldn’t sleep.

He took an intense interest in all religious matters.

他对所有宗教事宜都很感兴趣。

intense activity is very serious, uses a lot of effort, and often involves doing a great deal in a very short time

〔活动〕紧张的，认真的，激烈的

At least 3,000 people were killed in a week of intense fighting.

一周的激战中至少有3,000人死亡。

someone who is intense is serious and has very strong feelings or opinions – used to show disapproval

〔感情或意见〕极为强烈的，极为严肃的〔含贬义〕

对我来说她有点太严肃了。


intensify

[intensification](bold) /ɪnˌtensɪfɪˈkeɪʃ/  n. <singular, U> eg: an intensification of fighting in the region

[past tense and past participle](italic) [intensified](bold) [present participle](italic) [intensifying](bold) [third person singular](italic) [intensifies](bold)

to increase in degree or strength, or to make something do this

His mother’s death intensified his loneliness.

母亲的过世使他感到更加孤单。


intensity

the quality of being felt very strongly or having a strong effect

The intensity of the hurricane was frightening.

飓风的猛烈程度令人恐惧。

the quality of being serious and having very strong feelings or opinions

〔感情或观点的〕强烈，激烈

the strength of something such as light or sound

an instrument which measures light intensity


intensive

involving a lot of activity, effort, or careful attention in a short period of time

〔在短时间内〕强化的，加强的；密集的

farming which produces a lot of food from a small area of land

involving or needing a lot of energy, knowledge etc

能源密集型的/知识密集型的等

→ [capital-intensive](->capital-intensive) → [labour-intensive](->labour-intensive)


intent

[intently](bold) adv. eg: Jake listened intently.

to be determined to do something or achieve something

She was intent on pursuing a career in business.

她决意要在商界谋取一份事业。

giving careful attention to something so that you think about nothing else

Intent upon her work, she didn’t notice the cold.

她专注于工作，忘记了寒冷。


intent

She behaved foolishly but with good intent.

她干了蠢事，却是出于一片好意。

Jones was found guilty of wounding with intent.

琼斯被裁定犯有蓄意伤害罪。

He is charged with possession of a gun with intent to commit a robbery.

(AmE also: [for all intents and purposes](bold) )

used to say that a situation is not exactly as you describe it, but the effect is the same as if it were

The war was, to all intents and purposes, over.


intention

[have no/every intention of doing sth](bold)

I have no intention of retiring just yet.

They went into town [with the intention of](bold) visiting the library.

他们进了城，打算参观图书馆。

It is our intention to be the number one distributor of health products.

我们的目标是成为保健产品第一大批发商。

[good intentions/the best (of) intentions](bold)(=intentions to do something good or kind, especially when you do not succeed in doing it)

He thinks the minister is full of good intentions that won’t be carried out.

他认为部长的想法是出于一片好意，却很难付诸实践。

→ Do not say that someone ‘has no intention to do something’. Say that someone [has no intention of doing something](bold).


intentional

[intentionally](bold) adv. eg: intentionally vague promises

done deliberately and usually intended to cause harm

I did trip him, but it wasn’t intentional.

我的确把他绊倒了，但不是故意的。


interact

if people interact with each other, they talk to each other, work together etc

Lucy interacts well with other children in the class.

露西和班里的其他孩子相处得很好。

if one thing interacts with another, or if they interact, they affect each other

The immune system interacts with both the nervous system and the hormones.

免疫系统与神经系统及激素相互影响。


interaction

ˌɪntərˈækʃən

ˌɪntərˈækʃən

a process by which two or more things affect each other

Price is determined through the interaction of demand and supply.

价格是通过供需消长而定的。

the complex interaction between mind and body

the activity of talking to other people, working together with them etc

the degree of interaction between teacher and student


interactive

ˌɪntərˈæktɪv◂

ˌɪntərˈæktɪv◂

[interactivity](bold) /ˌɪntərækˈtɪvəti/  n. <U>

an interactive computer program, television system etc allows you to communicate directly with it, and does things in reaction to your actions

〔计算机程序、电视系统等〕交互的，互动的

interactive teaching methods such as role playing

诸如角色扮演之类的互动教学法


intercept

to stop something or someone that is going from one place to another before they get there

an attempt to intercept drugs being smuggled over the border


interest

→ [self-interest](->self-interest) [conflict of interest](bold) at → [conflict](->conflict) 1 sense 6 [vested interest](bold) at → [vested](->vested) sense 1

Steve has a keen interest in bird-watching.

He had shown great interest in her work.

(=say that you are interested in something)

A number of well-known film directors have expressed interest in the script.

Jacky first took an interest in golf when he was about six years old.

Tilda had lost interest in what was being said.

This extraordinary story has aroused interest in many quarters.

Ted scanned the report, feigning interest.

Interest in the project has steadily grown.

When his initial interest waned, the teacher paid more attention to him.

The government has shown great interest in the idea.

This tournament has created enormous interest.

The results of their work will be of considerable interest.

Natural history was a special interest of his.

He took a personal interest in the lives of his workers.

There has been a renewed interest in abstract painting in recent years.

Roland had a consuming interest in cricket.

(=an interest you have had for a long time)

She has had a long-term interest in antiques.

There has been a lot of interest in the story.

The exhibition has generated a great deal of interest.

The show was cancelled due to a lack of interest on the part of the public.

if you have an interest in something or someone, you want to know or learn more about them

My parents encouraged my interest in science.

父母激励了我在自然科学方面的兴趣。

I’d recommend this book to anyone who [has an interest in](bold) jazz.

我向所有喜欢爵士乐的人推荐这本书。

Ben has [shown an interest in](bold) learning French.

本表现出想学法语的兴趣。

My mother had never [expressed](bold) any [interest in](bold) the garden.

我母亲从未表示对园艺有兴趣。

Babies soon begin to [take an interest in](bold) the world around them.

婴儿很快就开始对周围的事物产生兴趣。

John appeared to [have no interest in](bold) girls.

I watched the first few episodes, but soon [lost interest](bold).

我看了前几集，但很快就失去了兴趣。

The last round of bidding [aroused](bold) considerable [interest](bold).

最后一轮竞价引起人们相当大的兴趣。

Our survey reveals a disturbing [lack of interest](bold) in teacher training.

我们的调查显示人们对教师培训失去了兴趣，这很令人不安。

I read your article [with](bold) great [interest](bold).

我兴致勃勃地拜读了您的文章。

an activity that you enjoy doing or a subject that you enjoy studying

他的爱好包括散步和打高尔夫球。

As a biologist, my main interest has been human genetics.

作为一名生物学家，我主要的兴趣是人类遗传学。

Her [outside interests](bold)(=interests that are not part of her work) were numerous.

a quality or feature of something that attracts your attention or makes you want to know more about it

A Persian rug will [add](bold) colour and [interest](bold) to your hallway.

波斯地毯将给你的门廊增添色彩和情趣。

be of (no) interest (to sb) (=be interesting or not interesting to someone)

It’s a book that will be of interest to a wide range of readers.

这是一本广大读者都会感兴趣的书。

What you do in your private life is of no interest to me.

我对你的私生活毫无兴趣。

art galleries, museums and other [places of interest](bold)

美术馆、博物馆和其他有意思的地方

topics [of general interest](bold)(=that everyone wants to know about)

the extra money that you must pay back when you borrow money

The interest on the loan is 16% per year.

How much are the monthly [interest payments](bold)?

money paid to you by a bank or financial institution when you keep money in an account there

an account that [pays](bold) higher [interest](bold)

The more you save, the more [interest](bold) you’ll [earn](bold).

存款越多，所得的利息就越多。

→ [compound interest](->compound interest) → [interest rate](->interest rate) → [simple interest](->simple interest)

the things that bring advantages to someone or something

[protect/look after/safeguard sb’s interests](bold)

The regulations were introduced in order to safeguard the interests of local fishing communities.

实施这些规章是为了保护当地渔民社区的利益。

[be in sb’s (best) interest(s) (to do sth)](bold)(=be the best thing for someone)

The court decided that it was in the girl’s best interests to remain with her grandparents.

法庭作出判决，对小女孩最妥善的安置就是把她留在其祖父母身边。

[have sb’s (best) interests at heart](bold)(=care about someone and want to do what is best for them)

He has your best interests at heart, you know.

要知道，他是在替你着想。

We’ve got to balance economic interests and environmental interests.

我们必须兼顾经济利益和环境利益。

to be good or necessary for the safety or success of a country and its people

I believe it is in the public interest that these facts are made known.

我相信公布这些真相是符合公众利益的。

in the interest(s) of justice/safety/efficiency etc

in order to make a situation or system fair, safe etc

The race was postponed in the interests of safety.

为了安全起见，比赛延期了。

(just) out of interest/as a matter of interest

used to say that you are asking a question only because you are interested and not because you need to know

（只是）出于好奇〔提问时用〕

Just out of interest, how much did they offer you?

我只是好奇地问一下，他们打算给你多少钱？

if you have an interest in a particular company or industry, you own shares in it

The company is believed to be keen to sell its extensive brewing interests.

据信该公司急于出售其大量酿酒业股份。

His business interests are spread throughout Europe.

[controlling interest](bold)(=enough shares to control what decisions are taken)

In 1986 GM acquired a controlling interest in the sports car maker Lotus.

a group of people in the same business who share aims or ideas

Farming interests now dominate many of the National Park committees.

农场经营利益集团现在控制着许多国家公园委员会。

The majority of Brazil’s huge commercial interests support the measure.

大多数巴西的大型商业利益集团都支持这项措施。

the need to reduce the influence of [special interests](bold)(=groups who are concerned about particular subjects)

减少特殊利益集团影响力的需要

I have no interest in continuing this conversation.

to officially state that you are connected with something or someone, and so cannot be completely fair and independent when making a decision involving them

宣布（与某事物）有利害关系，声明（与某事物）有利益关系

the part of a story, film, or event which is interesting because it shows things about people’s lives or romantic relationships

〔小说、影片或事件中的〕生活片段/风流韵事情节

As a trainee reporter, she spent most of her time on [human interest stories](bold).

作为实习记者，她把大部分时间都投入在有人情味的新闻报道上。


interest

to make someone want to pay attention to something and find out more about it

Here’s an article which might interest you.

这里有一篇文章，也许你会感兴趣。

[What interests](bold) me [is](bold) all the history of these places.

使我感兴趣的是这些地方的历史。

[It may interest](bold) you [to know that](bold) a number of scholarships are available.

你也许有兴趣知道将提供多项奖学金。

to give something a lot of attention because you want to find out more about it

He had always interested himself in foreign affairs.

他一向对外交事务感兴趣。

to try to persuade someone to buy, do, or eat something

劝说〔某人〕买[做，吃]

The salesman tried to interest me in the higher-priced model.

销售员劝我买价格较高的型号。

[Could I interest you in a drink/dessert etc?](bold)(=used as a polite way of offering someone a drink etc)


interested

You are [interested in](bold)  something: She is interested in politics.
Don’t say: [She is interested on politics.](strike)

You are [interested in doing](bold)  something: Are you interested in working abroad?
Don’t say: [Are you interested to work abroad?](strike)

You say that you [would be interested to hear/know/see/find out](bold)  something: I would be interested to know what she thinks about the idea.
Don’t use [interested to](strike)  with other verbs such as ‘have’ or ‘buy’.

giving your attention to something because you want to know more about it or you enjoy it

Recently I’ve got very interested in photography.

very interested by something you see, read, or hear about

She watched, fascinated, as the bird came closer until she could almost touch it.

The more I read about the place, the more fascinated I became.

wanting to find out more information about something

I was curious to find out the reasons for his sudden departure.

interested in something because it seems strange or mysterious

used when talking about the kind of things you are interested in and enjoy doing

I got into became interested in yoga when I was at college.

very interested in something, so that you give it all your attention and do not notice anything else

Jane was lying on the sofa engrossed in a novel.

She was so absorbed in her own thoughts that she didn’t hear me call.

very interested, especially in a story you are reading, a film you are watching etc, so that you are eager to find out what happens next

It was a brilliant book and I was gripped from beginning to end.

I was so riveted by the film that I forgot the time.

very interested and enjoying something very much, so that you want to see or hear more

From the opening line of the play, the audience was completely enthralled.

extremely interested in something very strange or wonderful, so that you are unable to move or think of anything else

He could hold audiences spellbound with the power of his voice.

showing by your expression that you are very interested in something and are giving all your attention to it

The congregation listened with rapt attention.

to be extremely interested in what someone is telling you

Tell me exactly what happened. I’m all ears.

not wanting to know about something or give it your attention

I just wasn’t at all interested in science at school.

not interested in wanting to know about something, especially something you are told

When I tried to tell her about my holiday, she seemed completely uninterested.

not interested in a particular problem or situation, so that you are not willing to make an effort to change and improve things

Voters have become increasingly apathetic.

having no interest in someone or something, and often not caring about them

Sometimes the government seems indifferent to the problems of the poor.

used when saying that someone does not care at all about something and is not interested in it

I couldn’t care less what other people think.

giving a lot of attention to something because you want to find out more about it or because you enjoy it

I wasn’t sure if he was really interested or if he was just being polite.

我不敢肯定他是真的感兴趣，还是出于礼貌而已。

I’d be very interested to hear your opinion.

if you are interested in doing or having something, you want to do it or have it

I’ve got a spare ticket for the opera, if you’re interested.

如果你感兴趣的话，我这里多了一张歌剧票。

Sheila’s interested in starting her own business.

希拉很想开办自己的公司。

Would you be interested in a second-hand car?

a person or group that is directly or personally concerned with a situation and is likely to be affected by its results

All interested parties are invited to attend the meeting.

所有有关人员都被邀请来参加会议。


interesting

→ Do not confuse [interested](bold), which describes a feeling, and [interesting](bold), which describes something that interests you[Are you interested in ballet?](italic)[an interesting talk on photography](italic)

keeping your attention and making you want to know more

There’s an interesting article in the newspaper today.

Everything about ancient Egypt is absolutely fascinating.

giving you new ideas or experiences in a way that is interesting and enjoyable

I found him very stimulating to be with and full of ideas.

interesting because of being unusual, mysterious, or unexpected, so that you want to find out more

Their research has produced some intriguing results.

These discoveries raise intriguing questions about the relationship between viral genes and the normal genes of the cell.

interesting in a way that keeps your attention completely or for a long time

Growing your own vegetables can be an absorbing hobby.

used about a very interesting story, film etc that you feel you must keep reading or watching

He gives a riveting performance as a tough street cop.

There is something compelling about his work.

very interesting and exciting – used especially about a performance you are watching or listening to

Pakistan won an enthralling match by two wickets.

very interesting because of being so strange, unusual, or wonderful

The book is a spellbinding tale of her life in China.

used when saying that a book was so interesting that you could not stop reading it

It’s a great book – I found that I couldn’t put it down.

if something is interesting, you give it your attention because it seems unusual or exciting or provides information that you did not know about

我觉得他的讲话很吸引人。

你见过什么有意思的人吗？

[it is interesting to see/know etc](bold)

It will be interesting to see what happens when he gets a bit older.

看看他年纪大些时是怎样的生活，会很有趣的。

[It’s interesting that](bold) no one remembers seeing the car.

竟然没人记得见过这辆车，真是有趣。


interface

the way in which you see the information from a computer program on a screen, or how you type information into the program

界面〔指计算机屏幕布局〕

the part of a computer system that connects two different machines

the way in which two subjects, events etc affect each other

The book deals with the interface between accountancy and law.

本书论及会计工作和法律的关系。

the surface where two things touch each other


interface

if you interface two parts of a computer system, or if they interface, you connect them

（使）〔计算机系统〕联系，（使）接合

if two people or groups interface with each other, they communicate with each other and work together


interfere

to try to get involved in a situation where you are not wanted or needed

She tried not to interfere in her children’s lives.

It’s not your problem, so don’t interfere.

to interfere in someone else’s affairs in a way that is annoying for them. [Meddle](bold) is more informal than [interfere](bold), and has more of a feeling of being annoyed

I did not want my parents meddling in my private affairs.

He warned diplomats against meddling in Indonesia’s affairs.

to interfere by being somewhere where you are not wanted, or getting involved in a situation that is private – used especially when saying that you want to avoid doing this

Sorry, I didn’t mean to intrude while you were on the phone.

When someone dies, people are often worried about intruding.

to interfere by trying to become involved in a private situation or conversation that does not concern you

I didn’t want to give them any advice in case they thought I was butting in.

to try to find out what someone else is doing in their private life, by asking questions or secretly checking what they are doing, in a way that seems annoying or rude

Journalists like to pry into the lives of the rich and famous.

I didn’t mean to pry – I just wanted to know if I could help.

to ask questions about someone else’s private life or give them advice they do not want, in a way that annoys them

She’s one of those people who’s always poking her nose into other people’s business.

to deliberately get involved in a situation where you are not wanted or needed

My daughter-in-law said that I was interfering, but I was only trying to help.

我的儿媳说我多管闲事，但我只是想帮忙。

It’s not the church’s job to interfere in politics.

干预政治不是教会应做的事。


interference

ˌɪntəˈfɪərəns

Industrial relations should be free from state interference.

劳资关系应不受政府干预。

unwanted noise on the radio, television, or on the telephone, or faults in the television picture

〔收音机、电视机或电话受到的声音〕干扰；〔电视图像受到的〕干扰

the act of blocking or touching another player in a sports game, for example by standing in front of them or holding on to them, when you are not supposed to

〔体育比赛中的〕干扰，妨碍，阻挡

to protect a player who has the ball in American football by blocking players from the opposing team

〔美式橄榄球比赛中为掩护本方持球队员而〕跑动阻挡

to help someone to achieve something by dealing with people or problems that might cause them trouble

〔为帮助某人成就某事而〕插手，介入


interim

intended to be used or accepted for a short time only, until something or someone final can be made or found

He received an interim payment of £10,000.

他收到暂时支付的一万英镑。

〔两事件之间的〕过渡期，期间

During the interim period, air quality has deteriorated.

这期间，空气质量下降了。


interim

in the period of time between two events

The child will be adopted, but a relative is looking after him in the interim.

孩子将由人领养，但现在这段时间暂由一名亲属照管。


interior

the part of a country that is farthest away from the coast

The interior of the country is mainly desert.

这个国家的内陆地带主要是沙漠。

the government minister or department that deals with matters within a country rather than abroad


interior

The interior walls are all painted white.

室内墙壁都粉刷成了白色。


intermediate

ˌɪntəˈmiːdiət◂

an intermediate class, course etc is at a level of knowledge or skill that is between the basic level and the advanced level

〔班级、课程等〕中级的，中等的

a book aimed at students at the intermediate level and above

一本适用于中等及以上程度学生的书

intermediate students, sports players etc have reached a level of knowledge or skill that is between the basic level and the advanced level

〔学生、运动员等〕中级程度的，中等水平的

an intermediate stage in a process of development is between two other stages

an intermediate stage during which the disease is dormant


intermediate

a student, sports player etc who has reached a level of knowledge or skill that is between the basic level and the advanced level

a ski resort suited to beginners and intermediates

适合初学者和中等水平滑雪者的滑雪度假胜地


internal

[internally](bold) adv. eg: The matter will be dealt with internally. eg: This medicine must not be taken internally.

We have no interest in interfering in the [internal affairs](bold) of other countries.

我们对干涉其他国家内政不感兴趣。

within a company or organization rather than outside it

There’s to be an internal inquiry into the whole affair.

对整个事件将进行内部调查。

They’ve knocked down a couple of internal walls.


international

ˌɪntəˈnæʃənəl◂

→ [international relations](->international relations) → [internationally](->internationally)

relating to or involving more than one nation

the response of the international community

the UN and other international organizations


international

someone who plays for one of their country’s sports teams


Internet

You do something [on the Internet](bold) : We do most of our shopping on the Internet. They met on the Internet.
Don’t say: [We do most of our shopping by Internet.](strike)  [They met by Internet.](strike)

You usually say [the Internet](bold) : I often use the Internet to find out information.
Don’t say: [I often use Internet to find out information.](strike)

to look quickly through information on the Internet, looking for anything that interests you

to look for a specific piece of information on the Internet, for example by entering text into a box

to buy things or reserve tickets using the Internet

More and more people are preferring to shop online.

You can check to see how many people visit your website.

to get files, programs, music, films etc from the Internet and put them on your own computer

I downloaded the software for free from the Internet.

to communicate with several people in a  on the Internet

Using the Internet, you can chat to people from around the world.

More and more companies are using the Internet to conduct their business.

I went on the Internet to find some information for my assignment.

access the Internet/connect to the Internet

You can access the Internet from your mobile phone.

She spends hours surfing the Internet every evening.

I downloaded the file from the Internet.

Not everyone has Internet access at home.

The company charges $100 to register a new internet address.

(=a company that allows you to connect to the Internet)

Your Internet service provider should be able to solve the problem.

The new regulations will increase customer confidence in Internet shopping.

Internet banking saves customers a lot of time.

The number of Internet users is doubling every six months.

The software allows parents to control children’s Internet use.

(=the number of people using the Internet)

An estimated 40% of the nation’s Internet traffic begins or ends in California.

(=using the Internet to meet people for a romantic relationship)

Internet dating websites are becoming increasingly popular.

(=a café with computers, where people can pay to use the Internet)

The message had been sent from an Internet café in Leeds.

a computer system that allows millions of computer users around the world to exchange information

You can find all kinds of information on the internet.

在互联网上你可以找到各种信息。


interpret

to translate spoken words from one language into another

They spoke good Spanish, and promised to interpret for me.

他们西班牙语说得很好，答应替我翻译。

to believe that something someone does or something that happens has a particular meaning

His refusal to work late was interpreted as a lack of commitment to the company.

他拒绝加班被认为是对公司缺少奉献精神。

Freud’s attempts to interpret the meaning of dreams

弗洛伊德试图对梦的含义进行解析

to perform a part in a play, a piece of music etc in a way that shows your feelings about it or what you think it means

〔根据自己对戏剧、音乐作品等的感受或理解来〕表演，演绎


interpretation

ɪnˌtɜːprɪˈteɪʃən

the way in which someone explains or understands an event, information, someone’s actions etc

One possible interpretation is that they want you to resign.

一种可能的解释是，他们想要你辞职。

It’s difficult to [put](bold) an accurate [interpretation on](bold)(=explain) the survey results.

对调查结果难以作出确切的解释。

What exactly the author meant by that statement is [open to interpretation](bold)(=able to be understood or explained in different ways).

作者这句话的确切含义可有各种理解。

the way in which someone performs a play, a piece of music etc and shows what they think and feel about it

〔对戏剧、音乐作品等的〕表演，演绎，处理方式

Laurence Olivier’s brilliant interpretation of Henry V

劳伦斯·奥利弗对亨利五世的精彩演绎


interpreter

someone who changes spoken words from one language into another, especially as their job

Speaking [through an interpreter](bold)(=using an interpreter), Ahmed said, ‘I’m very worried about my wife and children.’

艾哈迈德通过口译者说:“我很担心我的妻子和孩子们。”

a computer program that changes an instruction into a form that can be understood directly by the computer


interrogation

ɪnˌterəˈɡeɪʃən

ɪnˌterəˈɡeɪʃən

[Under interrogation](bold), he admitted that he had taken the money.

在反复盘问下，他承认拿走了钱。