sexual

[sexually](bold) adv. eg: young people who are [sexually active](bold)(=who regularly have sex) eg: I no longer found her sexually attractive. eg: She had been sexually assaulted.

relating to the physical activity of sex

性的；与性（生活）有关的

Many elderly people continue to have satisfying sexual relationships.

许多老年人仍然有满意的性关系。

relating to the social relationships between men and women, especially the differences between men and women


sexuality

the things people do, think, and feel that are related to their sexual desires


sexy

[comparative](italic) [sexier](bold) [superlative](italic) [sexiest](bold)

sexually exciting or sexually attractive

sexy ideas, products etc are exciting, attractive, and interesting

〔想法、产品等〕令人兴奋的，吸引人的

西雅图最吸引人的公司之一


shabby

shabby clothes, places, or objects are untidy and in bad condition because they have been used for a long time


shade

slight darkness or shelter from the direct light of the sun made by something blocking it

She was sitting in the shade of a large oak tree.

她坐在一棵大橡树的树荫下。

The temperature was over 90 degrees in the shade.

背阴处的气温超过90度。

something you use to reduce or block light

The shade on the lamp was slightly crooked.

a covering that can be pulled down over a window

〔能上下卷叠的〕窗帘；卷帘

〔图画中的〕暗部，阴影（部分）

a particular type of red, green, blue etc

〔色彩的〕浓淡，深浅，色度

a meaning etc that is slightly different from other ones

有细微差别的含义/意见/情感等

There is room in the Democratic Party for many shades of opinion.

Matt’s clothes were just a shade too big for me.

马特的衣服我穿稍有点大。

[a shade better/quicker/faster etc](bold)

The results were a shade better than we expected.

结果比我们预计的要稍好。

used to say that someone or something reminds you of another person or thing

某人/某物的影子〔用于表示某人或某物让你想起另一个人或物〕

The food was horrible – shades of school dinners.

食物太糟了——让人想起学校里的饭菜。

to be so good or impressive that other similar things or people seem much less important or interesting

They’re planning a festival that will put all the others in the shade.

他们正在筹办一个要令所有其他类似活动都黯然失色的节庆活动。


shade

为 …遮阳[挡光]，遮蔽〔光线〕

Shading her eyes, Anita scanned the horizon.

安妮塔手搭凉棚，眺望地平线。

to make part of a picture or drawing darker

给 …加深颜色；画阴影于

She shaded in the circles in the last two letters.

她把最后两个字母的圈圈颜色加深了。


shadow

→ [five o'clock shadow](->five o'clock shadow)

The building cast a shadow across the narrow street.

The footsteps came closer, and a shadow fell across the table.

(=get longer, as it gets later in the day)

She saw the dark shadow of a man in the doorway.

Long shadows stretched across the grass from the apple trees.

Candles cast strange flickering shadows on the walls.

the dark shape that someone or something makes on a surface when they are between that surface and the light

It was hot, and we decided to walk in the shadow of the wall (=along the wall, where its shadow would fall).

天气很热，我们决定沿着墙的阴影走。

(also: [shadows](bold) <[plural](bold)> )

darkness caused by something preventing light from reaching a place

阴影中，有个东西在移动。

the bad effect or influence that something has, which makes other things seem less enjoyable, attractive, or impressive

For years, people had been living under the shadow of communism.

[cast a shadow over/on sth](bold)(=make something seem less enjoyable, attractive, or impressive)

The events of September 11th cast a shadow over the celebrations.

“九一一”事件给庆典活动蒙上了一层阴影。

used to say that something is definitely true

Without a shadow of a doubt, he’s the most talented player we have.

毫无疑问，他是我们最有天赋的球员。

if you are in someone’s shadow, they are much more famous and successful than you are

在某人的光环之下，在某人的盛名之下〔显得逊色〕

Kate grew up in the shadow of her film star sister.

凯特是在她当电影明星的姐姐的光环下长大的。

to be weaker, less powerful, or worse than you were before

Lennox seemed like a shadow of his former self.

small dark areas under your eyes that you have when you are very tired

She looked pale, with deep shadows under her eyes.

她看上去脸色苍白，有很深的黑眼圈。

someone who follows someone else everywhere they go

某人的影子，与某人形影不离的人

afraid/frightened/scared etc of your own shadow

非常胆小，惊弓之鸟，草木皆兵


shadow

to follow someone closely in order to watch what they are doing

侦探跟踪了他好几个星期。

to cover something with a shadow, or make it dark

a narrow street which was shadowed by a huge Catholic church

被巨大的天主教堂的影子所笼罩的一条狭窄街道

[Shadow](bold)  is usually passive in this meaning.


shadow

the politician in the main opposition party in the British parliament who would become chancellor etc if their party was in government, and who is responsible for speaking on the same subjects

影子财政大臣/外交大臣等〔指英国议会中若主要反对党执政会成为财政大臣等的人〕

the group of politicians in the British parliament who would become ministers if their party was in government

影子内阁〔指英国议会中，若其政党执政则会成为大臣的一群政治家〕


shake

if a person or part of their body shakes, they make small sudden continuous movements from side to side or up and down, especially because they are very frightened, cold, ill etc

Suddenly he started to shake. ‘Don’t ever scare me like that again!’ he whispered.

to shake for a short time, especially because you think of something very unpleasant, or because you feel frightened or cold

Corbett shuddered when he thought of what might have happened to them.

She clung to him, shuddering with emotion.

to shake slightly in a way that you cannot control, especially because you are frightened, worried, or angry

Ernest opened the letter in silence, his hands trembling.

He hadn’t dared to move. He was trembling with shock.

‘I won’t be coming back,’ she said, her body trembling with anger.

to shake slightly, especially only a few times, because you are cold or frightened

She shivered, pulling her coat closer around herself.

You make me shiver when you talk like that.

to shake slightly and continuously because you are very worried or excited – used especially about someone’s lips, mouth, or body

Her bottom lip began to quiver, and she turned away to hide her tears.

Alice’s eyes began to fill with tears and her mouth quivered. ‘I 'm going away,’ she said.

Mrs Hamilton wobbled precariously on her high heels.

to move gently backwards and forwards or from side to side

The floor shook from a distant explosion.

to shake continuously with small fast movements

The music was so loud that the whole room vibrated.

The atoms vibrate at different frequencies.

The bike began to wobble alarmingly as she fought to control it.

The cup wobbled and he grabbed it to stop it from falling.

The boat was rocking from side to side with the waves.

if a vehicle or machine shudders, it shakes for a short time.

The lift shuddered then began to descend.

The engine shuddered into life it shook and then started working.

The car juddered to a halt it shook and then stopped outside the house.

Adam opened the envelope, his hand shaking slightly.

She found him huddled in a corner, shaking violently.

She had been crying, and was still shaking badly.

(=be shaking in a way that other people can see)

She was shaking all over, partly from cold, partly from shock.

(=be shaking a lot because you are nervous or frightened)

Diana was shaking like a leaf when she got up to give her talk.

The president must be shaking in his shoes about Tuesday’s vote.

[past tense](italic) [shook](bold) /ʃʊk/ [past participle](italic) [shaken](bold) /ˈʃeɪkən/

to move suddenly from side to side or up and down, usually with a lot of force, or to make something or someone do this

〔上下或左右〕摇动，摇撼；（使）颤动

汽车驶过一个隆起的地方时颠了一下。

She shook the sand out of her shoes (=removed it by shaking).

if someone shakes, or part of their body shakes, they make small sudden movements from side to side or up and down, especially because they are very frightened, cold, ill etc

[shake with fear/laughter/anger etc](bold)

I could see my neighbor shaking with laughter.

我看到邻居笑得浑身直颤。

What’s wrong with you? You’re [shaking like a leaf](bold)(=shaking a lot because you are very nervous or frightened).

你怎么了？你浑身在哆嗦。

[be shaking in your shoes/boots](bold)(=be very nervous)

I was shaking in my shoes – I thought he was going to fire me.

我十分害怕，以为他要把我开除了。

to move your head from side to side as a way of saying no, or to show disapproval, surprise, or sadness

摇头〔表示否定、不赞成、惊讶或悲伤〕

When asked if he wanted anything else, he just shook his head.

问他是否要点别的，他只是摇了摇头。

to move someone’s hand up and down with your own hand as a greeting or as a sign you have agreed something

If we have a deal, let’s [shake on it](bold)(=show that we have made an agreement by shaking hands).

如果我们成交的话，就握手为定吧。

to make someone feel very upset or shocked

Kerrie was so shaken by the attack that she won’t go out alone.

克丽被那次袭击吓得都不敢独自出门了。

to make someone feel less confident, less sure about their beliefs etc

他的自信心受到很大的打击。

if someone’s voice is shaking, it is not steady and they sound very worried, angry, or frightened

某人〔因担心、愤怒或害怕而〕嗓音发颤

Her voice was shaking as she announced the news.

她宣布这条消息的时候声音都在颤抖。

to show that you are angry by holding up and shaking your tightly closed hand

He shook his fist at the driver of the other car.

他对另一辆汽车的司机挥动拳头。

used to tell someone to hurry, or quickly start doing something

赶忙，赶紧，快点〔用以催促别人开始做某事〕


shake

if you give something a shake, you move it up and down or from side to side

[Give](bold) the bottle a good [shake](bold) before use.

He refused with a [shake of](bold) the [head](bold)(=a movement of the head from side to side to mean ‘no’).

a cold drink made from milk, ice cream, and fruit or chocolate

奶昔〔一种用牛奶、冰激凌和水果或巧克力制成的饮料〕

nervous shaking of your body caused by illness, fear, too much alcohol, not getting a drug you are dependent on etc

〔因生病、恐惧、喝酒过多或未能服用成瘾药物而引起的〕哆嗦

If I don’t smoke, I [get the shakes](bold).

我要是不吸烟就会浑身哆嗦。

技术并不高明的；不大出色的

得到/给予某人公平的待遇


shaky

weak and unsteady because of old age, illness, or shock

〔因年迈、疾病或惊吓而〕摇晃的，颤抖的，衰弱的

Grandad was a little [shaky on](bold) his [feet](bold)(=not able to walk very well).

not sure about the exact details of something, or not likely to be completely right

不全面的；不完整的；没有把握的

My knowledge of history is a little shaky.

我的历史知识有点靠不住。


shall

[modal verb](bold) negative short form: shan’t

used to make a suggestion, or ask a question that you want the other person to decide about

…好吗？要不要 …？〔用于提建议或要求他人作决定的问句中〕

那么，我们就定在6点钟好吗？

used to say what you will do in the future

我从来都不喜欢她，以后也不会。

星期五前我们就能完成了。

used to emphasize that something will definitely happen, or that you are determined that something should happen

〔某事〕必定，一定〔发生〕

我说了你可以去，你就一定可以去。

used in official documents to state an order, law, promise etc

应该，必须〔用于正式文件中，表示命令、法律、允诺等〕

所有款项都必须以现金支付。


shallow

[shallowly](bold) adv. eg: He lay there unconscious, [breathing shallowly](bold).

[comparative](italic) [shallower](bold) [superlative](italic) [shallowest](bold)

measuring only a short distance from the top to the bottom

not interested in or not showing any understanding of important or serious matters – used to show disapproval

肤浅的，浅薄的〔含贬义〕

If he’s only interested in your looks, that shows how shallow he is.

如果他只是对你的外貌感兴趣，那说明他是多么浅薄。

breathing that takes in only small amounts of air

浅呼吸，微弱的呼吸〔只吸入少量空气〕


shame

the feeling you have when you feel guilty and embarrassed because you, or someone who is close to you, have done something wrong

She never overcame the shame of having abandoned her children.

He remembered his angry words with a deep sense of shame.

Following the scandal, Garrison resigned in shame.

a feeling of shame and embarrassment because you have been made to look weak or stupid in front of other people

What really upset me was the humiliation of having to ask her for money.

He suffered the humiliation of defeat in the first round of the competition.

the loss of other people’s respect because you have done something bad, or you have been unsuccessful

His comments have brought shame and dishonour on him and his profession.

There is no dishonour in failure when you have done everything you possibly can to succeed.

the feeling that other people in society disapprove of you because of something that has happened to you, or because you feel different from most other people in some way – used especially when this seems unfair and unreasonable

Even when someone has been found innocent of a crime, the stigma often remains.

At first I found the stigma of being unemployed very difficult to cope with.

In many countries there is still a strong social stigma attached to homosexuality.

a complete loss of people’s respect because you have done something very bad and shocking

His actions brought disgrace on the family.

The players were sent home in disgrace after admitting taking drugs.

Garton killed himself because he could not bear the disgrace of being charged with corruption.

a feeling of great shame and embarrassment because you have been made to look weak or stupid – a very formal use

The team suffered the ignominy of losing five games in a row.

She hoped to avoid the ignominy of having to appear in court.

used when you wish a situation was different, and you feel sad or disappointed

‘She’s failed her test again.’ ‘What a shame!’

“她又没通过测验。”“真遗憾！”

[It’s a shame that](bold) you have to leave so soon.

你这么快就要走了，真遗憾。

[What a shame](bold) we missed the wedding.

我们错过了这场婚礼，太可惜了。

It’s a shame to cover this beautiful table with a tablecloth.

把这么漂亮的桌子用桌布盖起来真是可惜。

I can’t imagine why they canceled your show, Tracy. [That’s such a shame](bold).

我搞不懂他们为什么把你的演出取消了，特蕾西。多可惜啊。

It was a crying shame that they lost the game.

他们输了这场比赛真是太可惜了。

In written English, people usually say something is [unfortunate](bold)  rather than [a shame](bold) :

[It’s unfortunate that ](bold) these warnings were not taken seriously.

〔因自己或亲近的人做错事感到的〕羞愧，羞耻，惭愧

[To her shame](bold)(=it made her feel ashamed), she gained back all the weight she’d lost.

让她感到羞愧的是，她减掉的体重又全长回来了。

He’s [brought shame on](bold) the whole family.

[hang/bow your head in shame](bold)(=look down, or feel like you should look down, because you feel so ashamed)

I bow my head in shame when I think of how I treated her.

想到我是如何对待她的，我就万分羞愧。

[There’s no shame in](bold)(=it should not make you feel ashamed) saying ‘I don’t know.’

说一句“我不知道”也没什么可难为情的。

How could you do such a thing? [Have you no shame](bold)?

你怎么可以做这种事情？难道你没有羞耻心吗？

used to say that someone should feel guilty or embarrassed because of something they have done

你/他/他们等应该感到羞耻

Shame on you, Fred. I thought you were my friend!

弗雷德，你真不害臊。我还把你当朋友呢！

to be so much better than someone or something else that it makes the other thing seem very bad or ordinary

使某人/某物黯然失色，使某人/某物相形见绌


shame

说出来真难为情，我撒谎了。

He felt shamed and humiliated by the treatment he had received.

他为自己受到如此对待而感到蒙受了耻辱。

to force someone to do something by making them feel ashamed

使某人因羞愧而不得不做某事

His wife shamed him into handing the money back.

他的妻子令他羞愧得只好把钱交回去。

to be so much better than someone else that you make them seem bad or feel embarrassed

Their training record shamed other companies.

他们的培训记录使其他公司相形见绌。

to make someone feel they have lost all honour and respect

She had shamed her family name (=done something that made her family lose honour).


shampoo

when someone washes your hair using shampoo

[shampoo and set](bold)(=when someone washes your hair and then dries it so that it has a particular style, especially using )


shampoo

She showered and [shampooed](bold) her short dark [hair](bold).

她冲了淋浴，用洗发液洗了洗乌黑的短发。


shape

a shape with four straight sides that are equal in length and four angles of 90 degrees

a shape with three straight sides and three angles

a shape with four straight sides and four angles of 90 degrees

a shape like a circle, but that is longer than it is wide

a solid object with six equal square sides

a shape with a square base and four triangular sides that meet in a point at the top

The statue is on top of a tall cylindrical column.

The planet Saturn is not completely spherical.

the form that something has, for example round, square, triangular etc

You can recognize a tree by the shape of its leaves.

可以根据树叶的形状辨认出是什么树。

His battered old hat had completely lost its shape.

他那顶破旧的帽子已经完全变形了。

a silver pin in the shape of a large bird

The plants grow in [every shape and size](bold).

这些植物有各种形状，各种大小。

The children cut out shapes (=squares, triangles etc) from the piece of cardboard.

孩子们把卡纸片剪成各种形状。

in good, bad etc condition, or in good, bad etc health

情况良好/不佳/糟糕等；健康状况良好/不佳/糟糕等

For an old car, it’s in pretty good shape.

对一辆旧车来说，它的状况相当不错了。

The economy is in worse shape now than it was last year.

现在的经济状况比去年更糟。

Kaplan seemed to be in better shape than either of us.

卡普兰的身体状况似乎比我们俩都好。

in a good or bad state of health or physical fitness

我那时感到身体状况很不好。

I’ve got to [get into shape](bold) before summer.

夏天到来之前我得让身体强健起来。

She’s bought an exercise bike to keep in shape.

她买了辆动感单车来锻炼身体。

to be sick, tired, drunk etc, and not able to do something well

〔因生病、疲劳、酒醉等原因而〕无法做某事，做不了某事

Mel was in no shape to drive home after the party.

梅尔在聚会结束后醉得无法开车回家。

to make someone or something better so that they reach the necessary standard

把某人训练好；使某物达到标准

Some of them lack experience, but we’ll soon knock them into shape.

他们有些人还缺乏经验，但我们很快就能让他们上手的。

the way something looks, works, or is organized

Computers have completely changed the shape of our industry.

计算机已经完全改变了我们的工业模式。

This new technique is [the shape of things to come](bold)(=an example of the way things will develop in the future).

这种新技术是未来的发展方向。

to develop into a clear and definite form

An idea was beginning to take shape in his mind.

一个想法开始在他脑子里形成。

used to explain what something consists of

以 …的形式〔用以解释某事物的组成〕

Help [came in the shape of](bold) a $10,000 loan from his parents.

他父母帮助他，借给他一万美元。

(also: [not in any way, shape, or form](bold) )

used to say that you will not accept something for any reason

不能以任何形式，不允许以任何方式

We will not tolerate racism in any shape or form.

我们决不能容忍任何形式的种族主义。

a thing or person that you cannot see clearly enough to recognize

〔物或人〕朦胧的形状，看不清的东西

一个模糊的黑影在他们身后移动。


shape

to influence something such as a belief, opinion etc and make it develop in a particular way

形成〔某种信仰、看法等〕，影响〔某事物的发展等〕

People’s political beliefs are shaped by what they see in the papers.

人们的政治观点受报纸的影响。

to make something have a particular shape, especially by pressing it

〔尤指通过按压等〕使成为某种形状，使成形


share

It was clear that the police did not share her opinion.

He shared my view of what had been going on.

I know that many people do not share my feelings.

(=have the same ideas about what is right and wrong)

The only way to change things is to elect politicians who share our values.

(=feel the same concern, enthusiasm etc as someone else)

I share the concern of parents about the content of some of these computer games.

to have or use something with other people

We don’t have enough books, so you’ll have to share.

我们书不够，所以你们得合着用。

我们三个人合乘一辆计程车。

I have an office that I share with some other teachers.

我有一间和其他老师合用的办公室。

to let someone have or use something that belongs to you

和别人分享〔自己的东西〕

他小时候从不肯与人分享玩具。

你肯让我吃点你的炸薯条吗？

to divide something between two or more people

On his death, his property was shared out between his children.

他死后财产分给了子女们。

to have equal responsibility for doing something, paying for something etc

分担〔责任〕；分摊〔费用〕

We [share](bold) the [responsibility](bold) for the children.

我们共同承担照顾孩子的责任。

I own the house, but we share the bills.

房子是我的，但我们分摊账单。

We all [share](bold) some of [the blame](bold) for the accident.

这起事故我们都有一些责任。

to have the same opinion, quality, or experience as someone else

共同拥有〔某种看法、特质或经历〕

[share sb’s view/concern/belief etc](bold)

Other parents share her belief in the importance of reading.

其他父母和她看法一样，也认为阅读非常重要。

I believe my view is [widely shared](bold).

我相信我的观点为许多人所认同。

Stubbornness was a characteristic he shared with his mother.

固执是他和他母亲共有的特征。

to tell other people about an idea, secret, problem etc

把〔想法、秘密、问题等〕向别人诉说

Students were able to share their experiences.

学生相互之间能够交流经验。

Would you like to share your feelings with the group?

你愿意把自己的感受与组里的其他人分享吗？

if you share your life with someone, you spend your life together with them as their husband, wife etc

与某人共同生活，和某人结为夫妻

I’m not ready to share my life with anyone.

我还没有准备好和谁共度此生。

used to say that you should share things fairly and equally between everyone


share

[the lion’s share](bold) at → [lion](->lion) sense 2 → [timeshare](->timeshare)

A lot of the employees own shares in the company.

I bought some shares in British Gas five years ago.

They make their money by trading in stocks and shares.

Shares fell sharply on the London Stock Market yesterday.

The company’s share price has continued to go down.

The government tried to encourage wider share ownership.

(=buying and selling shares as a business)

He was convicted of illegal share dealing.

one of the equal parts into which the ownership  of a company is divided

the part of something that you own or are responsible for

〔某人拥有或应负担的〕一份

I gave them my share of the bill and left.

我给了他们我该付的那份钱就走了。

I [do](bold) my [share](bold)(=do my part) of the housework.

if you have had your share of something, for example problems, success, or adventure, a lot of it has happened to you

〔问题、成功或冒险经历〕相当多的

You’ve sure [had](bold) your [share](bold) of problems, haven’t you?

你自己肯定也遇到了不少问题，是不是？

He’d had [more than](bold) his [fair share of](bold) adventure.

your share of something is the amount that you deserve to have

Don’t worry – you’ll get your fair share.

不用担心——你会得到应得的一份。

Employees are always given a share in decision-making.

雇员一直有参与决策的权利。

when people live together in the same house or flat and pay the rent together


shareholder

someone who owns shares in a company or business

Shareholders have been told to expect an even lower result next year.

股东们被告知明年的业绩还会更差。


shark

a large sea fish with several rows of very sharp teeth that is considered to be dangerous to humans

鲨鱼在我们的小船周围游弋。

[shark-infested waters](bold)(=waters where there are a lot of sharks)

someone who cheats other people out of money

[pool/card shark](bold)(=someone who uses their skill at )


sharp

having a very thin edge or point that can cut things easily

Puppies mean to be playful, but their sharp teeth can give you a nasty bite.

having an irregular edge with a lot of sharp points

The floor was covered with jagged pieces of glass.

The hedgehog uses its spiky fur for protection.

Some corals are quite smooth, others are sharp and spiky.

covered in a lot of small sharp points – used mainly about plants

a serrated edge on a saw or knife has a lot of sharp points on it

It’s best to use a knife with a serrated edge.

not sharp – used about tools, weapons, or pencils

The woman had been attacked with a blunt instrument.

[comparative](italic) [sharper](bold) [superlative](italic) [sharpest](bold)

Its teeth are [razor sharp](bold)(=very sharp).

a sharp turn or bend changes direction suddenly

a sharp increase, rise, fall etc happens suddenly and is great in amount

〔增长、上涨、下跌等〕急剧的，猛烈的

sharp differences are very big and very noticeable

There is a sharp distinction between domestic and international politics.

国内和国际政治之间有着明显的差别。

His honesty is [in sharp contrast to](bold)(=very different from) some other politicians.

他的正直与其他的政治家形成了鲜明的对比。

a sharp pain or feeling is sudden and severe

I was left with a sharp sense of disappointment.

speaking in a way that shows you disapprove of something or are annoyed

The boss can [be](bold) very [sharp with](bold) people when she’s busy.

老板忙的时候说话会很尖刻。

[sb has a sharp tongue](bold)(=they speak in a very disapproving way which often upsets people)

able to think and understand things very quickly, and not easily deceived

a journalist with an extremely sharp mind

to watch someone very carefully, especially because you do not trust them

〔尤因不信任而〕密切注意某人

Keep a sharp eye on the kids at all times!

你要一直睁大眼睛看好这些孩子！

having a very thin point that can draw an exact line

Make sure your pencils are sharp before we begin the test.

我们开始测验前，你们一定要把铅笔削尖。

a sharp sound or cry is loud, short, and sudden

Add mustard to give the dressing a sharper taste.

加些芥末使调料带点辛辣味。

吸引人的，时髦的，入时的

托德穿无尾礼服看起来很时髦。

尖突的，有突边的，线条分明的

她母亲长着一个尖尖的小鼻子。

if an image or picture is sharp, you can see all the details very clearly

The outlines of the trees were sharp and clear.

able to see and notice details very well

〔观察力〕敏锐的，灵敏的

[a sharp eye for detail](bold)(=the ability to notice and deal with details)

a musical note that is sharp has been raised by one semitone from the note F, D, C etc

升F（音）/升D（音）/升C（音）等

if music or singing is sharp, it is played or sung at a slightly higher pitch than it should be

→ [flat](->flat) 1 sense 9 → [natural](->natural) 1 sense 10

一阵凛冽的寒风吹过湖面。

behaviour, especially in business, that is dishonest but not illegal

〔尤指商业中〕合法但不诚实的行为

He’s been guilty of sharp practice in the past.

他以前干过不老实的勾当。

to experience the worst effects of something

We were always on the sharp end of clients’ complaints.

处理顾客投诉的压力总是由我们来承受。


sharp

我们将在1点30分会面。

if you turn sharp left or right, you make a sudden change of direction to the left or right

到十字路口时，你要向右急转弯。

used to tell someone to do something quickly

〔用于催促别人〕赶快，赶紧

If you look sharp, you might catch him before he leaves for London.

你如果赶紧去，也许能在他出发去伦敦前见到他。

played or sung at a slightly higher pitch than is correct

〔演奏或演唱得比正确的音调〕略为偏高地


sharp

a musical note that has been raised one semitone above the note written

the sign (#) in a line of written music, used to show that a musical note should be raised

升半音号〔＃，表示升半音〕


sharpen

to make something have a sharper edge or point, or to become sharper

Anne sharpened her pencil and got out her homework.

安妮把铅笔削尖，然后拿出家庭作业来。

to make a feeling stronger and more urgent

使〔某种感觉〕增强，加强

A series of attacks have sharpened fears of more violence.

一连串的袭击事件使人们愈发担心会发生更多暴力事件。

to improve something so that it is up to the necessary standard, quality etc

The course will help students sharpen their writing skills.

这门课程将帮助学生提高写作技巧。


sharply

The value of early photographs has risen sharply in recent years.

These measures could sharply reduce pollution from road traffic.

Prices have risen sharply over the last few months.

过去几个月里物价大幅度上涨。

His politics have moved sharply to the right.

他的政治观点突然转向了右翼。

‘What do you mean by that?’ Paul asked sharply.

“你那是什么意思？”保罗厉声问道。

Graham looked up sharply, startled by a noise behind him.

格雷厄姆被身后的声音吓了一跳，猛然抬头看了看。

used when saying that two things are clearly and noticeably very different

His beliefs and values [contrast sharply with](bold)(=are very different from) his father’s.

他的信仰和价值观与他父亲截然不同。


shatter

Their hopes had been shattered by the outbreak of war.

(=make it impossible for someone to achieve or get something they want)

He spoke yesterday about the injury which shattered his Olympic dream.

(=make someone realise their beliefs are wrong)

I hate to be the one to shatter your illusions, but you’re wrong.

(=make people realise the idea they have about something is wrong)

The book shattered the image of the contented American housewife.

(=show that an idea was completely wrong)

Economic studies have shattered the myth that population growth is bad for a nation’s economy.

to break suddenly into very small pieces, or to make something break in this way

The plate hit the floor, and shattered into tiny bits.

盘子掉到地板上，摔得粉碎。

这次爆炸把大楼炸成一片废墟。

to completely destroy or ruin something such as someone’s beliefs or life

毁坏〔生活等〕；使〔信念等〕破灭

A tragic accident [shattered](bold) her [dreams](bold) of Olympic glory.

一场不幸的意外事故使她获得奥运奖牌的梦想破灭了。

A few weeks in a tiny damp room soon [shattered](bold) his [illusions](bold) about university life.

在狭小潮湿的房间里生活了几个星期后，他对大学生活的幻想很快就破灭了。

people whose [lives](bold) have been [shattered](bold) by war

if a loud noise shatters the silence or peace, it is suddenly heard

〔巨大噪声〕打破寂静/平静

The silence was shattered by a warning shout.

寂静被一声示警喊叫打破了。


shave

to cut off hair very close to the skin, especially from the face, using a razor

刮胡子，刮脸，剃须；刮去〔毛发〕

Brian had [cut](bold) himself [shaving](bold).

布赖恩刮胡子时割破了脸。

[shave your head/legs/armpits etc](bold)

to remove very thin pieces from the surface of something

Shave thin strips of cheese over the pasta.

把干酪刮成细条，铺到意大利面上。


shave

if a man has a shave, he cuts off the hair on his face close to his skin using a razor

他看上去似乎需要刮刮胡子。

a situation in which you only just avoid an accident or something bad


she

[pron](bold) <[used as the subject of a verb](bold)>

used to refer to a woman, girl, or female animal that has already been mentioned or is already known about

You could always ask Beth – she’s got plenty of money.

你去问贝丝总没错——她有很多钱。

I saw you talking to that girl. Who is she?

我看见你和那个女孩子说话。她是谁？

used to refer to a country, ship, or vehicle that has already been mentioned

她，它〔指国家、船只或车辆〕

它载着1,500多名乘客。


she

多可爱的小狗！是公的还是母的？


shed

a small building, often made of wood, used especially for storing things

a large industrial building where work is done, large vehicles are kept, machinery is stored etc

〔用作车间、停放大型车辆或存放机器等的〕工棚，厂房，库房


shed

Doing exercise is the best way to shed surplus weight.

(=change people's opinion about someone or something)

Has the industry finally shed its negative image?

(=stop worrying about what other people will think of your behaviour)

As the party went on, people began to shed their inhibitions.

[past tense and past participle](italic) [shed](bold) [present participle](italic) [shedding](bold)

to get rid of something that you no longer need or want

去除，摆脱〔不需要或不想要的东西〕

The company is planning to shed about a quarter of its workforce.

这家公司正计划裁减约四分之一的人员。

The magazine is desperately trying to shed its old-fashioned image.

这份杂志急于摆脱其过时的形象。

[Shed](bold)  is used especially in journalism. In everyday English, people usually say that someone or something [gets rid of](bold)  something.

to make something easier to understand, by providing new or better information

〔通过提供新信息等〕使〔某事物〕清楚些[易于理解]

Recent research has shed light on the causes of the disease.

最近的研究使人们对这种疾病的成因有了更多的了解。

Investigators hope to shed light on what started the fire.

调查人员希望找出起火原因。

if something sheds light, it lights the area around it

if a plant sheds its leaves or if an animal sheds skin or hair, they fall off as part of a natural process

〔植物〕落〔叶〕；〔动物〕蜕〔皮〕，脱〔毛〕

The trees were starting to [shed](bold) their [leaves](bold).

As it grows, a snake will regularly [shed](bold) its [skin](bold).

蛇在成长的过程中会周期性地蜕皮。

He strode across the bathroom, shedding wet clothes as he went.

他大步走过浴室，边走边把湿衣服脱下来。

A lorry [shed](bold) its [load](bold) of steel bars on the M25.

在25号高速公路上，一辆大卡车所载的钢条掉落。

to kill or injure people, especially during a war or a fight

流血〔尤指战争或打斗中的杀戮或伤害〕

Too much blood has already been shed in this conflict.

这次冲突已经造成太多的伤亡了。

She had not shed a single tear during the funeral.

在葬礼上她没流一滴眼泪。

if something sheds water, the water flows off its surface, instead of sinking into it


sheep

→ [black sheep](->black sheep) [count sheep](bold) at → [count](->count) 1 sense 14 [separate the sheep from the goats](bold) at → [separate](->separate) 2 sense 9 [a wolf in sheep’s clothing](bold) at → [wolf](->wolf) 1 sense 2

a farm animal that is kept for its wool and its meat

[flock of sheep](bold)(=a group of sheep)

if people behave like sheep, they do not think independently, but follow what everyone else does or thinks

Tourists were led around like sheep, from shrine to souvenir shop.

游客就像羊群一般被领着一会儿到神庙，一会儿到纪念品商店。

to look at someone in a way that shows you love them

用充满爱意的眼神看某人，向某人送秋波


sheer

used to emphasize that something is very heavy, large etc

〔某物〕之重/之大等〔用于强调〕

The sheer size of the country makes communications difficult.

该国幅员辽阔，造成了通信的困难。

luck, happiness etc with no other feeling or quality mixed with it

纯粹的运气/快乐/愚蠢等

I’ll never forget the look of sheer joy on her face.

我永远也不会忘记她满脸喜悦的神情。

a sheer drop, cliff, slope etc is very steep and almost vertical

〔悬崖、斜坡等〕陡峭的，近乎垂直的

sheer nylon, silk etc is very thin and fine, so that it is almost transparent

〔尼龙、丝绸等〕很薄的，几乎透明的


sheer

straight up or down in an almost vertical line


sheer

to change direction suddenly, especially in order to avoid something

突然转向〔尤指为了避开某物〕

The boat sheered away and headed out to sea.

这艘小船突然掉转头朝大海驶去。


sheet

→ [baking sheet](->baking sheet) → [balance sheet](->balance sheet) → [cookie sheet](->cookie sheet) → [rap sheet](->rap sheet) → [time sheet](->time sheet) [as white as a sheet](bold) at → [white](->white) 1 sense 3 [clean sheet](bold) at → [clean](->clean) 1 sense 9

a large piece of thin cloth that you put on a bed to lie on or lie under

I’ll go and find you some clean sheets and blankets.

我去给你们找些干净的床单和毯子。

[change the sheets](bold)(=put clean sheets on a bed)

a piece of paper for writing on, or containing information

a [sheet of paper](bold) with names and numbers on it

写了姓名和电话号码的一张纸

[clean/blank sheet of paper](bold)(=one with no writing on it)

a thin flat piece of something such as metal or glass, that usually has four sides

〔金属或玻璃等，一般有四边的〕薄片，薄板

a large flat area of something such as ice or water spread over a surface

A [sheet](bold) of [ice](bold) covered the lake.

a sheet of rain or fire is a very large moving mass of it

一团，一片，一层〔移动的东西〕

a rope or chain attached to a sail on a ship that controls the angle between a sail and the wind


shelf

→ [off-the-shelf](->off-the-shelf) → [shelve](->shelve) sense 3

a long flat narrow board attached to a wall or in a frame or cupboard, used for putting things on

〔墙上或橱柜里的〕搁板，架子

the amount of [shelf space](bold) available

a narrow surface of rock shaped like a shelf, especially under water

搁板状岩石；〔尤指海底的〕暗礁，大陆架

→ [continental shelf](->continental shelf)

if something is left on the shelf, it is not used or considered

The album stayed on the shelf for several years, until it was finally released.

这张专辑被搁置了几年，最后终于得以发行。

too old to get married, used especially of women

〔尤指女子〕因年龄太大而结不成婚


shell

the hard outer part that covers and protects an egg, nut, or seed

〔禽蛋、坚果、种子的〕壳

the hard protective covering of an animal such as a snail,mussel, or crab

〔蜗牛、贻贝或螃蟹的〕壳；贝壳

The children were collecting shells on the beach.

a metal container, like a large bullet, which is full of an explosive substance and is fired from a large gun

We ran for cover as shells dropped all around us.

周围炮弹四处飞落，我们奔跑着寻找地方躲避。

a metal tube containing a bullet and an explosive substance

the outside structure of something, especially the part of a building that remains when the rest of it has been destroyed

〔尤指建筑物遭破坏后剩下的〕空壳，空架子

一家夜总会烧毁后剩下的空架子

becoming less shy and more confident and willing to talk to people

不再羞怯，愿意与人攀谈，开始活跃起来

I had hoped that university would [bring](bold) him [out of](bold) his [shell](bold).

我原来希望大学生活能够使他胆子大一点。

She’s started to [come out of](bold) her [shell](bold) a little.


shell

to fire shells from large guns at something

The army has been shelling the town since yesterday.

军队从昨天开始就在炮轰这座镇子。

to remove something such as beans or nuts from a shell or pod

剥去〔豆荚、坚果等〕的壳

Josie was [shelling peas](bold) in the kitchen.


shelter

(=go into a place where you are protected from something)

When it started raining, they took shelter in a cave.

He slept wherever he could find shelter.

The residents were running for shelter from the bombing.

a place to live, considered as one of the basic needs of life

protection from danger or from wind, rain, hot sun etc

我们到了可以躲避的山洞里。

They were standing under the shelter of a huge tree.

他们站在一棵大树下躲着。

The men [took shelter](bold) in a bombed-out farmhouse.

那些男人躲在一间被炸毁的农舍里。

All around me, people were [running for shelter](bold).

我周围的人都在奔跑着寻找地方躲避。

An old hut [gave shelter](bold) from the storm.

一间旧茅舍成了躲避暴风雨的地方。

a building where people or animals that have nowhere to live or that are in danger can stay and receive help

a [homeless shelter](bold)(=for people who have no homes)

a building or an area with a roof over it that protects you from the weather or from danger

[air-raid/bomb/fall-out shelter](bold)(=a place to keep people safe from bombs dropped by planes)

[bus shelter](bold) BrE(=a small structure with a roof where you wait for a bus)


shelter

to provide a place where someone or something is protected, especially from the weather or from danger

为 …提供庇护处〔尤指躲避风雨或危险的地方〕；收容

Collins was arrested for sheltering enemy soldiers.

科林斯因收留敌兵而被捕。

Plant herbs next to a wall to shelter them from the wind.

to stay in or under a place where you are protected from the weather or from danger

We sat in the shade, sheltering from the sun.

我们坐在背阴处，避免被晒到。


sheriff

an elected law officer of a county in the US

〔美国的〕县治安官〔由选举产生的县级司法长官〕

the representative of the king or queen in a county of England and Wales, who has mostly ceremonial duties

〔英格兰和威尔士的〕郡长〔一种礼仪性职务〕

the most important judge in a district or county in Scotland

〔苏格兰的〕区[郡]法官


shield

a large piece of metal or leather that soldiers used in the past to protect themselves when fighting

a piece of equipment made of strong plastic, used by the police to protect themselves against angry crowds

something in the shape of a shield, wide at the top and curving to a point at the bottom, that is given as a prize for winning a competition, especially a sports competition

〔尤指体育比赛中的〕盾形奖牌

a drawing or model of a shield, wide at the top and curving to a point at the bottom, that is used as a coat of arms

something that protects a person or thing from harm or damage

The immune system is our body’s shield against infection.

免疫系统是我们人体抵抗感染的屏障。

the small piece of metal that a police officer wears to show that they are a police officer


shield

to protect someone or something from being harmed or damaged

Women will often lie to shield even the most abusive partner.

He held up his hands, shielding his eyes from the sun.

他抬手遮住眼睛免受阳光照射。

import tariffs that shield firms from foreign competition

保护企业免受外国竞争威胁的进口关税

[Shield](bold)  is used mostly in journalism or literature. In everyday English, people usually say [protect](bold) :

He used his hands to [protect](bold) his eyes from the sun.


shift

to move from one place or position to another, or make something do this

Joe listened, shifting uncomfortably from one foot to another.

乔听着，不安地把重心从一只脚转移到另一只脚。

她把目光从我身上移到博比身上。

to move something, especially by picking it up and carrying it

to change a situation, discussion etc by giving special attention to one idea or subject instead of to a previous one

The White House hopes to shift the media’s attention away from foreign policy issues.

白宫希望把媒体的注意力从外交政策问题上转移开。

In this stage of a rape case, the focus often shifts onto the victim and her conduct.

强奸案审理到这一阶段，焦点往往会转移到受害人以及她的行为上去。

[shift gear](bold) AmE(=change what you are doing)

It’s hard to shift gear when you come home after a busy day at work.

上班忙了一天回到家里很难回过神来。

if someone’s opinions, beliefs etc shift, they change

转变，改变〔意见、信仰等〕

Public opinion was beginning to shift to the right (=become more right-wing).

He refused to [shift](bold) his [ground](bold)(=change his opinion).

shift the blame/responsibility (onto sb)

to make someone else responsible for something, especially for something bad that has happened

It was a clear attempt to shift the responsibility for the crime onto the victim.

这显然是想把罪责推给受害者。

to change the way that money is paid or spent

the need to shift more resources towards reducing poverty

把更多的财力转到减少贫困上去的需要

to remove dirt or marks from a surface or piece of clothing

除去〔表面或衣服上的污迹〕

a new washing powder that will [shift](bold) any [stain](bold)

一种能洗掉任何污渍的新型洗衣粉

to change the gears when you are driving

to sell a product, especially a lot of it

The store shifted over 1,000 copies of the book last week.

这本书上周在这家书店里售出了1,000多册。


shift

There has recently been a big shift in the way people are accessing information.

There has been a significant shift in government policy on education.

A fundamental shift in attitudes was underway.

She immediately picked up his sudden shifts of mood.

Increased spending on the armed forces marks a dramatic shift in priorities.

There has been only a slight shift in income distribution.

There has been a gradual shift in people’s attitudes towards cars.

(=a change which is small and not easy to notice)

Recently there has been a subtle shift in public opinion about the environment.

The policy shift was triggered by a sharp increase in violent crime.

We all know there were cultural shifts in the 1960s that significantly changed our society.

The idea represents a dramatic shift in health care policy.

The affair has brought about a shift in the government’s attitude towards immigration.

We had to work in shifts – four hours on and four off.

He hardly sees the kids when he’s on shift.

(=be working a series of day or night shifts)

She found it hard to stay awake during her night shifts at the factory.

He’s going to be on day shifts for five days.

All the machines are cleaned at the end of every afternoon shift.

(=a shift that begins late at night or very early in the morning)

He chose to work the graveyard shift because the pay was slightly better.

(=when someone works two shifts one after the other)

He is only halfway through a 20-hour double shift.

The meetings are at different times so that shift workers have an opportunity to attend.

A shift system was introduced in the department last year.

a change in the way people think about something, in the way something is done etc

〔想法、做法等的〕改变，转变

the shift from one type of economic system to another

从一种经济体系向另一种经济体系的转变

a [marked shift](bold)(=noticeable change) in attitudes towards women

if workers in a factory, hospital etc work shifts, they work for a particular period of time during the day or night, and are then replaced by others, so that there are always people working

〔工厂、医院等轮班制中的〕当班时间

[do/work a (10-/12-/24- etc hour) shift](bold)

Dave had to work a 12-hour shift yesterday.

戴夫昨天要上一个12小时的班。

The thought of working night shifts put her off becoming a nurse.

想到要上夜班，她就打消了当护士的念头。

A [shift system](bold) has been introduced.

the workers who work during one of these periods

〔键盘上的〕shift键，换挡键

To run the spell-checker, press SHIFT and F7.

要使用拼写检查程序，按shift键和F7键。

a simple straight loose-fitting woman’s dress


shine

to shine brightly for a very short time, or to shine on and off very quickly many times

to shine with a very strong light which hurts your eyes

to shine with an unsteady light – used about a flame or light

if stars or lights twinkle, they shine in the dark in a way that seems to change from bright to faint, especially because you are a long way away from them

The harbour lights twinkled in the distance.

The lights of the factory were still blazing.

if something sparkles, it shines with many small bright points when light is on it

to shine by reflecting the light – used especially about smooth clean surfaces, or about someone’s eyes or teeth

to shine – used about wet or oily surfaces. Used especially when saying that someone’s eyes are full of tears, or someone’s skin is covered in sweat

As they were leaving, her eyes glistened with tears.

The wet chairs glistened in the afternoon sun.

if something catches the light, it shines because it is reflecting light

[past tense and past participle](italic) [shone](bold) /ʃɒn/ US /ʃoʊn/

The [moon shone](bold) brightly in the sky.

if you shine a light somewhere, you point it in that direction

把那个手电筒往这里照，好吗？

Marion polished the table until it shone.

She had [shining](bold) black [hair](bold).

if your eyes shine, or your face shines, you have an expression of happiness

〔眼睛或脸上因快乐而〕放光

‘It was wonderful!’ Kate replied, her eyes shining with excitement.

“太好了！”凯特回答说，她的眼里闪着兴奋的光芒。

The concert will give young jazz musicians a chance to shine.

这场音乐会将给年轻的爵士乐手们一次大显身手的机会。

彼得在学校里表现并不突出。

something or someone that is an excellent example of a particular quality and should be admired

The house is a shining example of Art Deco architecture.

这幢房子是艺术装饰派建筑的杰出典范。


shine

[(come) rain or shine](bold) at → [rain](->rain) 1 sense 4

the brightness that something has when light shines on it

Lucy’s dark hair seemed to have lost its shine.

露西的黑发好像失去了光泽。

to like someone very much when you have only just met them


shiny

looking bright and smooth, and reflecting light

A shiny limousine pulled in front of the building.

used about hair or fur that looks shiny and healthy. [Glossy](bold) magazines and books use expensive shiny paper

My hair seemed much thicker and more glossy.

He was flicking through a glossy magazine.

glossy brochures advertising skiing vacations

shiny and smooth in a way that looks very attractive – used especially about hair, fur, a car or machine, or about someone’s body

His sleek dark-blue Mercedes was parked outside.

I looked at the sleek brown bodies resting beside the pool.

the sleek lines of a Bang and Olufsen television

A small jet waited like a sleek silver bird beside the runway.

very soft and smooth to touch, like silk – used about hair, fur, skin, or material

Her skirt and jacket were made of smooth, silky fabric.

Fernando stroked her silky hair and kissed her forehead.

very shiny and clean – used especially about something that has just been polished

A gleaming motorcycle stood parked outside the bar.

The tourist brochures show gleaming white sand.

something that is glistening is shiny, especially because it is wet

We stared at the glistening expanse of the sea.

shining in a soft gentle way – used about hair, eyes, lips, or material

polished shoes, floors, tables etc are shiny because they have been rubbed until they shine


ship

[jump ship](bold) at → [jump](->jump) 1 sense 16 [run a tight ship](bold) at → [tight](->tight) 1 sense 5

a ship that carries people rather than goods

a large ship that people have holidays on

a large ship that sails long distances across the ocean

a ship that makes short regular journeys between two places

The ferry operates daily between Hull and Zeebrugge.

a ship that carries goods rather than people

a ship that carries goods in special containers which can be put on trucks

a ship that carries goods on a river or canal

a military ship with guns, used in a war

the largest type of ship used in war, with very big guns on it

a military ship that planes can fly from or land on

a small fast military ship with guns, often used for protecting battleships

a small fast ship with guns on it, often used in shallow water near a coast

a military ship that can stay under water

a military ship used for removing bombs from under water

a large boat used for carrying people or goods across the sea


ship

→ [shipping](->shipping) [shape up or ship out](bold) at → [shape up](->shape up)

[past tense and past participle](italic) [shipped](bold) [present participle](italic) [shipping](bold)

to send goods somewhere by ship, plane, truck etc

〔用船、飞机、卡车等〕运送

A new engine was shipped over from the US.

从美国运来一台新的引擎。

to make a piece of computer equipment or software available for people to buy

推出〔计算机商品〕；（使）上市

They’re now shipping their long-awaited new anti-virus software.

他们现正推出大家期待已久的新杀毒软件。

Both products are due to ship at the beginning of June.

这两种产品都定于六月初上市。

遣送〔某人〕，将〔某人〕送往

He was shipped off to a juvenile detention center.

他被送进一个青少年拘留中心。


shipment

a load of goods sent by sea, road, or air, or the act of sending them

〔经海路、陆路或航空运送的〕货物；〔货物的〕装运，运送


shirt

a piece of clothing that covers the upper part of your body and your arms, usually has a collar, and is fastened at the front by buttons

I have to wear [a shirt and tie](bold) to work.

used to tell someone who is becoming angry that they should stay calm

保持冷静，不要发火〔用于劝说某人〕


shiver

to shake slightly because you are cold or frightened

〔因寒冷或害怕而〕颤抖，哆嗦，发抖

大冷天里，杰克站着冻得瑟瑟发抖。

[shiver with cold/fear/delight etc](bold)

她又是害怕，又是气愤，身体直发抖。


shiver

[send shivers/chills up (and down) your spine](bold) at → [send](->send) sense 10

a slight shaking movement of your body caused by cold or fear

〔因寒冷或恐惧引起的〕颤抖，发抖

A [shiver ran through](bold)(=went through) me.

She [felt](bold) a [shiver](bold) of apprehension.

她感觉身体因为恐惧而抖了一下。


shock

It was a great shock to find out he had been lying.

Her death was a terrible shock to everyone.

No one expected the factory to close – it was a complete shock.

(=one that is very unpleasant and upsetting)

Come and sit down. You’ve had a nasty shock.

(=one that is unexpected and unpleasant but not serious)

Shopping for food in Miyako brought a rude shock. The prices were breathtaking.

I got a shock when I saw how thin he had become.

He hasn’t got over the shock of losing his job yet.

I nearly died of shock when I saw Helen at the door.

The collapse of the company came as a shock to us all.

(=be a shock, but not very serious or unpleasant)

I wasn’t expecting to win, so it was a bit of a shock.

(=be strange because you are not used to something)

Having to work full-time again was quite a shock to the system.

Anyone who thinks that bringing up children is easy is in for a shock.

He got the shock of his life when he found out who I was.

if something that happens is a shock, you did not expect it, and it makes you feel very surprised, and usually upset

The news of his death came as a great shock to everyone.

他去世的消息让所有人都非常震惊。

[it was a shock to find/discover etc that](bold)

It was a real shock to hear that the factory would have to close.

听说工厂将被迫关闭，真是很震惊。

the feeling of surprise and disbelief you have when something very unexpected happens, especially something bad or frightening

She was shaking with shock and humiliation.

震惊加上羞愧让她身体直哆嗦。

Mom’s never really gotten over the shock of Dad’s death.

妈妈一直没有从爸爸去世的打击中完全恢复过来。

a medical condition in which someone looks pale and their heart and lungs are not working correctly, usually after a sudden very unpleasant experience

He was bleeding from the head and [suffering from shock](bold).

他头部流血，陷入休克状态。

He is clearly [in a state of shock](bold).

The tanker driver was [treated for shock](bold) and released.

油罐车司机因休克接受治疗后已经出院。

an energetic young man with a shock of red hair

长着一头浓密红发的充满活力的年轻人

a sudden unexpected change which threatens the economic situation, way of life, or traditions of a group of people – used especially in news reports

〔突如其来的威胁经济形势、生活方式或传统的〕冲击，震荡〔尤用于新闻报道〕

20世纪70年代的石油冲击

violent shaking caused for example by an explosion or earthquake

〔爆炸、地震等引起的〕剧烈震动

数英里之外都感觉到震动。

→ [shock wave](->shock wave) → [culture shock](->culture shock) → [shocked](->shocked) → [shell shock](->shell shock) → [toxic shock syndrome](->toxic shock syndrome)


shock

→ [shocked](->shocked) → [shocking](->shocking)

to make someone feel very surprised and upset, and unable to believe what has happened

使震惊，使惊愕，使难以置信

她语气中的仇恨让他震惊。

[shock sb to hear/learn/discover etc that](bold)

They had been shocked to hear that the hospital was closing down.

听说这家医院就要关闭，他们惊讶不已。

It shocked me to think how close we had come to being killed.

想到我们差点就没命，我心惊肉跳。

She was [shocked into action](bold) by the desperate situation in the orphanages.

她被孤儿院里的惨境所震撼，行动了起来。

to make someone feel very offended, by talking or behaving in an immoral or socially unacceptable way

〔言语或行为〕惹人生气，使愤慨，使人不快

Just ignore the bad language – they only do it to shock.

不要理会那些脏话——他们这样做只是想气你。


shock

very surprising – used especially in news reports

令人震惊的，令人大感意外的〔尤用于新闻报道〕

英格兰队对卢森堡队的意外败北

methods of achieving what you want by deliberately shocking people

震惊战术，突击手段〔故意使人吃惊以达到某目的〕

Shock tactics are being used to stop drink drivers.

采用了“震惊战术”来制止酒后驾车者。


shocked

feeling surprised and upset by something very unexpected and unpleasant

I was shocked when I heard what had happened.

shocked because something very unpleasant or frightening has happened – used when the experience has made you feel weak or nervous

to feel shocked and unable to do normal things

He was uninjured but in a state of shock after the attack.

very shocked because something unpleasant or frightening has happened

She was horrified to discover that her son had been taking drugs.

very shocked because you think something is very bad

Emma was appalled at how he’d treated his mother.

so badly shocked that you are affected for a very long time

The children were severely traumatized by years of civil war.

The victim’s family were outraged at the short jail sentence.

extremely shocked and sad – used when someone is extremely badly affected by something

Petra was absolutely devastated by the death of her daughter.

so shocked that you are unable to do or say anything immediately

He had been stunned by the news of his friend’s sudden death.

very shocked and unable to think clearly

He emerged from the wreck of the car, dazed but unhurt.

We are all deeply shocked by what’s happened.

Yesterday she was visibly shocked by the conditions she witnessed in the camps.

He smiled at Donna’s expression of shocked surprise.

He glanced at his mother, who looked shocked.

"Of course not!" he exclaimed, sounding shocked.

I was [deeply shocked](bold) by Jo’s death.

He is shocked at what happened to his son.

For a few minutes she stood in [shocked silence](bold).

一时间，她惊愕地站着，一言不发。

very offended because something seems immoral or socially unacceptable

愤慨的，十分厌恶的〔因某事不道德或在社会上无法接受〕

Many people were shocked by the film when it first came out.

这部影片刚上映时，许多人都很反感。

They were [deeply shocked](bold) at her behaviour.

他们对她的行为深感厌恶。


shocking

very surprising, upsetting, and difficult to believe

惊人的，骇人的，令人难以置信的

the [shocking news](bold) that Mark had hanged himself

[It’s shocking that](bold) hospitals can deny help to older people.

医院竟然拒绝帮助老人，真是令人发指。

The path was in a [shocking state](bold).

这条小路的状况太糟糕了。


shoe

[if the shoe fits, (wear it)](bold) at → [fit](->fit) 1 sense 8

They took off their shoes in the hallway.

(=put them on or take them off quickly or gently)

She slipped off her shoes and curled her feet up under her on the sofa.

Maria kicked off her shoes and sat down.

We used to clean our shoes every evening before we went to bed.

You can’t walk round town all day in high-heeled shoes!

(=flat shoes that are not very fashionable)

They were the kind of sensible shoes my mother used to make me wear.

Flat shoes are much more comfortable for walking in.

I found an old pair of platform shoes from the 1970s.

He bought a pair of brown leather lace-up shoes.

Get yourself a good pair of running shoes if you want to take up running.

something that you wear to cover your feet, made of leather or some other strong material

I sat down and took off my shoes and socks.

我坐下来脱掉鞋子和袜子。

→ [boot](->boot) 1 sense 1 → [sandal](->sandal) → [slipper](->slipper)

in someone else’s situation, especially a bad one

处于某人的境地〔尤指恶劣处境〕

I wouldn’t like to [be in](bold) his [shoes](bold) when his wife finds out what happened.

如果他妻子发现了这一切，他的日子就不好过了。

Anyone in her shoes would have done the same thing.

任何人碰到她这样的情况都会那么做的。

Don’t be cross with them. Try to [put yourself in](bold) their [shoes](bold)(=imagine what it would feel like to be in their situation).

别生他们的气，要设身处地为他们想想。

to do a job that someone else used to do, and do it as well as they did

It’ll be hard to find someone to fill Pete’s shoes.

很难找到合适的人接替皮特的位置。

a curved piece of iron that is nailed onto a horse’s foot


shoe

[past tense and past participle](italic) [shod](bold) /ʃɒd/ US /ʃɑːd/ [present participle](italic) [shoeing](bold)


shoot

shoot down
shoot for/at
shoot off
shoot through
shoot up

[blame/shoot the messenger](bold) at → [messenger](->messenger) 1 sense 2

to use a gun to fire bullets, or to kill or injure someone using a gun

The guards shot the man as he was trying to escape.

President Kennedy was shot by a lone gunman.

to shoot bullets from a gun, or send an explosive object towards someone or something

Helicopters fired rockets at several buildings.

He regained his balance, took aim, and fired.

The police fired into the air to make the crowd break up.

As soon as we crossed the border, enemy troops started firing at us.

Kendrick fired three shots at the president’s car.

Suddenly the car stopped, and the passenger got out and fired a Kalashnikov rifle at the police car.

American warships launched cruise missiles.

The guerrillas launched their rockets from densely populated towns.

Nineteen students were injured after a gunman opened fire.

Troops opened fire on a group of unarmed demonstrators.

The colonel gave the order for the soldiers to open fire.

to fire shells metal containers filled with an explosive substance at enemy soldiers, cities etc in a war, using large guns

Border towns have been shelled by enemy aircraft for the past two months.

British warships began shelling German positions along the coast.

to attack a place for a long time with shells or bombs

Allied forces bombarded the coast prior to the invasion.

The allied forces bombarded the enemy trenches for weeks.

Cromwell’s men had been bombarding the fort with their artillery for several days.

to shoot at someone or something without aiming very carefully

Someone tried to take a potshot at him, but hit the man behind instead.

[past tense and past participle](italic) [shot](bold) /ʃɒt/ US /ʃɑːt/

to deliberately kill or injure someone using a gun

Police shot one suspect when he pulled a gun on them.

警方在一名嫌疑人拔枪指着他们时击毙了他。

Smith killed his wife, and then shot himself.

A woman was [shot dead](bold) in an attempted robbery.

一名女子在一桩未遂抢劫案中中枪身亡。

He had been shot in the back while trying to escape.

The guards have orders to [shoot](bold) intruders [on sight](bold)(=shoot them as soon as they see them).

卫兵们奉命一见到有人闯入就开枪。

to make a bullet or arrow come from a weapon

开（枪）；射（箭）；射击

Don’t shoot! I’m coming out with my hands up.

别开枪！我这就举起双手出来。

Two guys walked in and started shooting at people.

两个家伙走进来，然后开始向人们开枪。

The soldiers had orders to [shoot to kill](bold)(=shoot at someone with the intention of killing them).

They shot arrows from behind the thick bushes.

他们躲在茂密的灌木丛后面射箭。

Tod’s grandfather taught him to shoot a rifle.

托德的祖父教他步枪射击。

to shoot and kill animals or birds as a sport

They spent the weekend in Scotland shooting grouse.

他们周末在苏格兰打松鸡。

to move quickly in a particular direction, or to make something move in this way

（使）〔朝某方向〕飞快地移动

她从我身边飞奔过去，跑进屋里。

‘Where does cotton come from?’ Ron’s hand shot up. ‘America, Miss!’

“棉花来自哪里？”罗恩的手猛地举起。“美国，老师！”

The fountain shoots water 20 feet into the air.

喷泉把水喷射到20英尺高的空中。

to kick or throw a ball in a sport such as football or basketball towards the place where you can get a point

射门；投篮；射，投〔球〕

to look at someone quickly, especially so that other people do not see, to show them how you feel

[shoot sb a quick/sharp/warning etc look/glance](bold)

‘You’re welcome to stay as long as you like.’ Michelle shot him a furious glance.

“随你爱待多久都行。”米歇尔愤怒地瞪了他一眼。

Jack shot an anxious look at his mother.

杰克焦虑地看了母亲一眼。

to take photographs or make a film of something

这部影片是在新西兰拍摄的。

if pain shoots through your body, you feel it going quickly through it

A sharp pain suddenly shot along his arm.

他的手臂上突然传过一阵剧痛。

[shooting pains](bold)(=continuous short pains passing through your body)

if people shoot it out, they fight using guns, especially until one person or group is killed or defeated by the other

用枪（与某人）决出胜负；开枪（与某人）决一死战

a scene in which the cops shoot it out with the drug dealers

警察和毒贩拼死枪战的场面

to say or do something stupid that will cause you a lot of trouble

〔因说蠢话或做蠢事〕搬起石头砸自己的脚，自找麻烦

If he keeps talking, pretty soon he’ll shoot himself in the foot.

如果他再讲下去，很快就会自取其咎。

to ask someone a lot of questions very quickly

The prosecutor shot a series of rapid questions at Hendrickson.

原告律师连珠炮般向亨德里克森发问。

to talk about something that you should not talk about or that you know nothing about

to have an informal conversation about unimportant things

Cal and I were sitting on the porch, shooting the breeze.

卡尔和我坐在门廊里闲聊。

说吧〔用于让某人把话说出来〕

“我有几个问题。”“问吧。”

to say what you think in a direct way, or make a decision very quickly, without thinking about it first

一举成名/跃为明星/迅速成名

Brian, an air steward, shot to fame on the television show ‘Big Brother’.

布赖恩，一名飞机乘务员，在电视节目《老大哥》中一举成名。

shoot to number one/to the top of the charts etc

to suddenly become very successful in the popular music chartsthe list of records that have sold the most copies that week

Westlife’s new album shot straight to the top of the charts.

“西城男孩”的新专辑一跃升至排行榜榜首。

to practise throwing basketballs into the basket

to sail a small boat along a river that is moving very fast over rocks, as a sport

He was shooting the rapids when his canoe capsized.

在玩激流划艇时他的独木舟翻了。

if a plant shoots, a new part of it starts to grow, especially a new stem and leaves

to move the bolt on a door so that it is in the locked or unlocked position

([have shot your wad](bold) ([AmE](bold)) )

to have used all of your money, power, energy etc


shoot

说吧〔用于让某人把话说出来〕

“我有几个问题。”“问吧。”


shoot

the part of a plant that comes up above the ground when it is just beginning to grow, or a new part that grows on an existing plant

Tender [green shoots](bold) will appear in February.

二月份就会长出绿色的嫩芽来。

an occasion when someone takes photographs or makes a film

a [photo shoot](bold) sponsored by Kodak

由柯达公司赞助的照片拍摄

an occasion when people shoot birds or animals for sport, or the area of land where they do this

The royal party was on a shoot when the incident occurred.

事件发生时，王室成员正在打猎。

the first sign that a situation is improving, especially an economic situation

〔尤指经济状况〕（好转的）最初迹象，苗头


shoot

[interjection](bold) ([AmE ](special)) [informal](special)

used to show that you are annoyed or disappointed about something

呸，倒霉〔用于表示懊恼或失望〕

噢，糟糕！我忘了买牛奶。


shooting

a situation in which someone is injured or killed by a gun

His brother was killed in a shooting incident last year.

他哥哥在去年的一次枪击事件中被杀。

the sport of shooting animals and birds with guns

The [shooting party](bold) set off shortly before dawn.

拂晓前不久这群打猎者就出发了。

the process of taking photographs or making a film

We had two weeks of rehearsals before shooting began.

拍摄开始前，我们有两个星期的排练时间。


shop

a building or place where things are sold

She's gone to the shops to get some milk.

Our local store has sold out of sugar for making jam.

a small shop that sells fashionable clothes or other objects

a little boutique which specializes in bath products.

a very large shop, especially one that is built outside the centre of a city

Out-of-town superstores have taken business away from shops in the city centre.

a very large shop that is divided into several big parts, each of which sells one type of thing, such as clothes, furniture, or kitchen equipment

He went around all the big department stores in Oxford Street.

a very large shop that sells food, drinks, and things that people need regularly in their homes

Supermarkets have cut down the number of plastic bags they distribute by 50%.

a shop where you can get your hair washed, cut curled etc

a place that sells a wide range of plants, seeds, and things for your garden

Your local garden centre can advise you on which plants to grow.

a shop that sells things for less than the usual price, especially things from a particular company or things of a particular type

The book is available from most retail outlets.

an area, usually outdoors, where people buy and sell many different types of things

I usually buy our vegetables at the market – they're much cheaper there.

a large area where there are a lot of shops, especially a large building

A new restaurant has opened at the mall.

We used to hang around together at the mall.

a row of shops built together, with a large area for parking cars in front of it

a building or part of a building where you can buy things, food, or services

Her brother [runs](bold) a record [shop](bold) in Chester.

她弟弟在切斯特开了一家唱片店。

Shirley saw her reflection in the shop window.

雪莉在商店橱窗里看到了自己的影像。

新马铃薯现已在店里出售了。

I’m just [going](bold) down [to the shops](bold).

I spent a happy afternoon wandering around the shops.

我一个下午都在开心地逛商店。

→ [bucket shop](->bucket shop) → [corner shop](->corner shop) → [coffee shop](->coffee shop)

a place where something is made or repaired

The generators are put together in the [machine shop](bold).

发电机在机械加工车间装配。

→ [shop floor](->shop floor) → [shop steward](->shop steward)

a subject taught in schools that shows students how to use tools and machinery to make or repair things

工艺课，手艺课〔学校开设的教学生使用工具和机器制作或修理东西的课〕

道格在手艺课上做了这张桌子。

One auto shop class is run just for girls.

有一个修车班是专门为女生开的。

to close a shop or business, either temporarily or permanently

〔暂时或永久地〕停止营业，关店

to talk about things that are related to your work, especially in a way that other people find boring

谈论自己的工作〔尤指别人觉得厌烦〕

你们两个人老谈工作，我都听腻了。

There were bits of paper all over the shop.

我今天早上真是乱得一团糟。

an occasion when you go shopping, especially for food and other things you need regularly

买东西，购物〔尤指买食品或日常必需品〕

She always [does](bold) the weekly [shop](bold) on a Friday.

她总是在星期五进行每周一次的采购。


shop

[past tense and past participle](italic) [shopped](bold) [present participle](italic) [shopping](bold)

I usually shop for vegetables in the market.

我一般都在市场上买蔬菜。

to go to one or more shops to buy things, often for enjoyment

The next day, Saturday, we went shopping.

第二天是星期六，我们去逛商店了。

to tell the police about someone who has done something illegal


shop assistant

someone whose job is to help customers in a shop


shoplifting

the crime of stealing things from shops, for example by hiding them in a bag or under your clothes

→see THESAURUS at [crime](->crime)   →see THESAURUS at [steal](->steal) 1

She had been falsely accused of shoplifting in a clothing store.

她被冤枉在一家服装店里行窃。


shopper

→see THESAURUS at [customer](->customer)


shopping

She skipped lunch in order to go shopping.

I thought you wanted to do some shopping.

So you've done all your Christmas shopping, have you?

(=buying things at home, for example from a catalogue)

His shopping trip with Uncle Billy had been a thorough success.

He admits to going on a shopping spree with someone else's credit card.

(=a list of what you need to buy, especially of food)

Always take a shopping list so you are not tempted to buy things you do not need.

the activity of going to shops and buying things

Late-night shopping is becoming very popular.

She’s [gone on](bold) a [shopping trip](bold) to New York.

I [went on](bold) a [shopping spree](bold)(=went shopping and bought a lot of things) at the weekend and spent far too much money.

我周末大买特买了一番，花了好多钱。

I’ve got to do some last-minute shopping.

我得去作最后一刻的购物。

to go shopping to buy food and other things you need regularly

the things that you have just bought from a shop

〔从商店里〕刚买来的东西

Can you help me carry the shopping, please?

请帮我拿一下刚买来的这些东西好吗？


shopping centre

([BrE](special)) AmE shopping center  [n](bold) <[C](bold)>

a group of shops together in one area, often in one large building


shore

→ [ashore](->ashore) → [offshore](->offshore) → [onshore](->onshore)

the area of sand, mud, or low land along the edge of the sea, a lake etc

The fish is commonly found off the shores of Australia.

They had planned to take a picnic on the shores of Lake Havel.

one of the most luxurious hotels on the south coast

the Draugen oil field, off the West coast of Norway

an area of sand or small stones at the edge of the sea

the land at the edge of the sea, consisting of sand or rocks

You can hear the waves breaking on the seashore.

the areas or towns next to the sea where people go to enjoy themselves

Oh I do love to be beside the seaside a line from a well-known song.

a journey along the banks of the River Ganges

the part of a town or an area of land next to the sea, a river etc – used especially when talking about buildings near the water

The restaurant is down on the waterfront.

a waterfront bar in Montreal called The Neptune

the area at the edge of a lake, river etc

The mountains almost come down to the waterside.

A number of barges were hidden in the trees along the riverside.

the land along the edge of a large area of water such as an ocean or lake

We could see a boat about a mile from shore.

我们看见离岸边大约一英里的地方有一艘船。

仅有几个生还者到达岸边。

a holiday resort on the shores of the Adriatic

在亚得里亚海岸边的一处度假胜地

We had a couple of hours on shore (=not on a ship).

我们在岸上逗留了几个小时。

The island is about three miles off shore (=away from the coast).

这个岛离岸大约三英里远。

这个国家/英国/我们的国家等〔指沿海的国家〕

Millions of immigrants flocked to these shores in the 19th century.

无数移民在19世纪蜂拥到这个国家。

growing fears that English football players will be lured away to [foreign shores](bold)

对英格兰足球运动员被吸引到外国去的与日俱增的担心


short

[shortness](bold) n. <U> eg: He was suffering from shortness of breath. eg: Shirley was very conscious of her shortness and always wore high heels.

[life’s too short](bold) at → [life](->life) sense 27

If there is more than one adjective, the adjectives are usually used in a fixed order.

You say: I bought a beautiful short dress.
Don’t say: [I bought a short beautiful dress.](strike)

You say: She has short black hair.
Don’t say: [She has black short hair.](strike)

Smokers have a shorter life expectancy than non-smokers.

lasting only for a short time. [Brief](bold) is more formal than [short](bold), and is used especially in written English

The president will make a brief visit to Seattle today.

He coached Hingis for a brief period in the 1990s.

He had a quick shower and then went out.

lasting only for a short time – used especially when someone wishes that a good situation had been able to last for longer

lasting only for an extremely short time – used especially when someone wishes that something had been able to last for longer

lasting for a very short time – used especially about feelings or pauses

There was a momentary pause in the conversation.

The momentary panic ended when he found his two-year-old son waiting happily outside the store.

lasting only for a short time – used especially when people are only interested in something or mention something for a short time

He made only a passing reference to war.

It’s just a passing phaseit will end soon.

lasting only for a short time, and ending quickly like everything else in this world

someone who is short is not as tall as most people

quite short. This phrase sounds more gentle than saying that someone is [short](bold)

She wasn’t very tall – maybe about 1.60 m.

The girl was quite small for her age smaller than other girls of the same age.

used about a woman who is attractively short and thin

She was a petite woman with blonde hair.

used about a boy or man who is short, heavy, and strong

very short or small – used especially in descriptions in novels

stubby fingers or toes are short and thick

[comparative](italic) [shorter](bold) [superlative](italic) [shortest](bold)

happening or continuing for only a little time or for less time than usual

Winter is coming and the days are getting shorter.

I’ve only been in Brisbane [a short time](bold).

For [a short while](bold)(=a short time), the city functioned as the region’s capital.

这座城市曾经在很短的一段时间里是这个地区的首府。

I learned a lot during my [short period](bold) as a junior reporter.

在当初级记者的这段短暂时间里，我学到了许多。

Germany achieved spectacular economic success in [a](bold) relatively [short period of time](bold).

德国在相对较短的时间里取得了非凡的经济成就。

They met and married within [a short space of time](bold).

他们从相识到结婚时间很短。

I promise to keep the meeting [short and sweet](bold)(=short in a way that is good, especially not talking for a long time).

我保证会议开得简短不拖拉。

For a few short weeks (=they seemed to pass very quickly), the sun shone and the fields turned gold.

短短的几个星期里，阳光照耀，田野变成了一片金黄。

measuring a small amount in length or distance

They went by the shortest route, across the fields.

他们抄近路从田野里穿过去。

Carol’s office was only a [short distance](bold) away, and she decided that she would walk there.

卡罗尔的办公室并不远，她决定走着去。

The hotel is only a short walk from the beach.

酒店离海滩只有几步之遥。

someone who is short is not as tall as most people

Chris was short and stocky, with broad shoulders.

克里斯矮小敦实，双肩宽厚。

a book, letter etc that is short does not have many words or pages

我写了张简短的便条作解释。

if you are short of something, you do not have enough of it

Can you lend me a couple of dollars? I’m a little short.

你能借点钱给我吗？我手头有点紧。

Have you all paid me? I’m about £9 short.

你们都付钱给我了吗？我这儿大概还差九英镑。

[I’m a bit short](bold) BrE [spoken](special)(=I haven’t got much money at the moment)

[sb is not short of sth](bold) BrE(=they have a lot of it)

Your little girl’s not short of confidence, is she?

你女儿自信心很足，是吗？

They’re [not short of a few bob](bold)(=they are rich).

if something is short, there is not enough of it

It’s going to be difficult – time is short.

Gasoline [was in short supply](bold)(=not enough of it was available) after the war.

to have less of something than you should have

He’s a nice guy, but a little short on brains.

他这家伙人不错，只是有点没头脑。

The president’s speech was [long on](bold) colorful phrases but [short on](bold) solutions.

总统的演讲辞藻华丽，但缺乏解决问题的方法。

少于，未达到〔某个数目〕

Her time was only two seconds short of the world record.

她的时间和世界纪录只差了两秒钟。

if something is short notice, you are told about it only a short time before it happens

提前很短时间的通知，很迟才通知

I can’t make it Friday. [It’s](bold) very [short notice](bold).

我星期五不行，时间太紧了。

[at short notice](bold) BrE, [on short notice](bold) AmE

during the period of time that is not very far into the future

These measures may save money in the short term, but we’ll end up spending more later.

这些措施在短期内可能会省钱，但是到后来反而会花费更多。

if someone has a short memory, they soon forget something that has happened

她名叫亚历克丝，是亚历山德拉的简称。

to be unable to breathe easily, especially because you are unhealthy

呼吸短促，气喘吁吁〔尤因身体不健康〕

He couldn’t walk far without getting short of breath.

他路走长了就会气喘吁吁。

to speak to someone using very few words, in a way that seems rude or unfriendly

Sorry I was short with you on the phone this morning.

对不起，我今天上午在电话里怠慢了你。

Mr Yanto, who had a very short fuse, told her to get out.

脾气非常暴躁的杨多先生叫她出去。

if you or your idea, suggestion etc is given short shrift, you are told immediately that you are wrong and are not given any attention or sympathy

〔观点、建议等〕当即遭到否定，受冷遇

McLaren got short shrift from all the record companies when he first presented his new band to them in 1976.

麦克拉伦在1976年第一次把他的新乐队推荐给各唱片公司时，受到了他们的一致冷落。

used to emphasize that something is very good, very surprising etc

毫不逊于 …，简直就是 …〔用于强调〕

Her recovery seemed nothing short of a miracle.

The results are little short of astonishing.

to be given something difficult or unpleasant to do, especially when other people have been given something better

Giles drew the short straw, and has to give us a talk this morning.

贾尔斯运气不好，今天上午得给我们作报告。

to finish something quickly and easily, especially food or a job

迅速完成某事物，轻易解决某事物〔尤指食物或工作〕

The kids made short work of the sandwiches.

孩子们很快就把三明治解决了。

Computers can make short work of complex calculations.

计算机能够迅速完成复杂的计算。

(also: [have/get sb by the short hairs](bold) )

to put someone in a situation in which they are forced to do or accept what you want

强迫某人做，硬逼某人接受

I signed the contract – they’ve got me by the short and curlies.

我签了合同，是他们硬逼着我签的。

used humorously to say that someone is a little crazy or stupid

〔某人〕有点冒傻气[愚蠢]〔幽默用法〕

Lady, are you a few aces short of a deck?

女士，你是在犯傻还是怎么的？

He’s [one sandwich short of a picnic](bold).

when workers work for fewer hours than usual, because the company cannot afford to pay them their full wage

短工时，缩短工作时间〔因公司支付不起全额工资〕

Most of the workers were put [on short time](bold).

to give someone less than the correct amount of something, especially in a shop

〔尤指商店售货〕缺斤短两

a short vowel is pronounced quickly without being emphasized, for example the sound of a in ‘cat’, e in ‘bet’, and i in ‘bit’


short

[the long and the short of it](bold) at → [long](->long) 1 sense 10

short trousers ending at or above the knees

→ [Bermuda shorts](->Bermuda shorts) → [cycling shorts](->cycling shorts)

Craig was standing in the kitchen in his shorts.

克雷格穿着裤衩站在厨房里。

→ [boxer shorts](->boxer shorts) → [Jockey shorts](->Jockey shorts)

used when you want to give the main point of something

Carter hoped for greater trust between the two nations, more trade, more cultural exchanges – in short, a genuine peace.

卡特希望两国之间能够增进互信，增加贸易和文化交流——总而言之，要有真正的和平。

His name’s Maximilian, but we just call him Max for short.

他的名字叫马克西米利安，但我们简称他马克斯。

〔在电影正片前放映的〕短片

a strong alcoholic drink that is not beer or wine, drunk in a small glass


short

to be less than what you need, expected, or hoped for, or to fail to reach a satisfactory standard

达不到〔目的、期望、标准〕

The Republicans increased their share of the vote, but still fell short of a majority.

共和党得票增加了，但仍达不到多数。

Shares in the company dropped 26p yesterday, as profits [fell short of](bold) City [expectations](bold).

昨天公司股票下跌26便士，因为其利润低于伦敦金融界的预期。

[fall short of a goal/target/ideal](bold)

The economy fell short of the Treasury’s target of 2% growth.

经济未能达到财政部2%的增长目标。

[fall far/a long way/well short of sth](bold)

Facilities in these schools fall far short of the standards required.

这些学校的设施远远未达到所要求的标准。

One or two songs on the album are interesting, but most [fall short of the mark](bold)(=are not good enough).

这张专辑中有一两首歌还算不错，但大部分都不怎么样。

if you are running short of something, or if something is running short, it is being used up and there will soon not be enough left

（某物）使用殆尽，即将用完

Our supplies of petrol were running short.

我们的汽油储备量不多了。

to almost do something but then decide not to do it

将要做某事时突然罢手；险些做某事

They accused the president of incompetence, but stopped short of calling for his resignation.

他们指责总统无能，差点要求他辞职。

to suddenly stop speaking or stop what you are doing, because something has surprised you or you have just thought of something

〔在说话或做事时因吃惊或想到某事而〕突然停下

看到她在流泪，他吃惊地停了下来。

if something is cut short, it is stopped before you expect or before it is finished

His career was tragically cut short when, at the age of 42, he died of a heart attack.

他42岁时因心梗早逝，事业不幸中断。

to interrupt and stop someone when they are speaking

I was halfway through my explanation when Walter cut me short.

我正解释到一半时，沃尔特打断了我的话。

to surprise or shock someone so that they stop what they are doing or saying to think for a moment

让某人怔了一下，使某人愣了片刻

The question brought her up short, but, after a moment’s hesitation, she answered it.

这个问题使她愣了片刻，但她犹豫片刻之后还是回答了。

without reaching a place you are trying to get to, because you are still a particular distance from it

距某处还差三米/五英里等

The plane touched down 200 metres short of the runway.

这架飞机在距跑道200米的地方着陆。

距某时间还差两星期/一个月等

He died two days short of his fifty-sixth birthday.

他在56岁生日前两天去世了。

Short of locking her in her room, he couldn’t really stop her from seeing Jack.

他实在没有办法阻止她去见杰克，就差把她锁在房里了。

We’ve been to the state tournament four times, but we’ve come up short every time.

我们四次参加州锦标赛，每一次都落败而归。

She made sure that her children never went short.

她确保她的孩子什么都不缺。

to have a sudden strong need to go to the toilet when you are not near one

突然要上厕所〔而此时附近正好没有厕所〕


short

also: [short out](bold)  [v](bold) <[I,T](bold)>

to short-circuit, or make something do this

烤面包机短路，引起了火灾。


shortage

There is a serious shortage of food in some areas.

They were suffering because of an acute shortage of doctors and nurses.

There is a desperate shortage of fresh water in the disaster area.

(=very bad and existing for a long time)

There is a chronic shortage of housing in rural areas.

The United States is facing a growing shortage of information technology workers.

(=a shortage of lots of different kinds of things or people)

There was a general shortage of skilled workers.

There is likely to be a world shortage of timber in the future.

The water shortage was reaching crisis proportions.

During the war, there was a severe labour shortage, so women began doing jobs they had never done before.

(=a shortage of people to work at a particular business)

The company blamed staff shortages for the delays.

Poor harvests could cause food shortages in the winter.

The strike led to serious shortages of fuel in some areas.

The refugees face desperate shortages of food and water.

Building more houses will ease the shortage of accommodation.

a situation in which there is not enough of something that people need


shortcoming

a fault or weakness that makes someone or something less successful or effective than they should be

Peter was painfully aware of his own shortcomings.

彼得痛苦地认识到了自己的短处。

the shortcomings of our local government system

The report suggested that there were severe shortcomings in police tactics.

报告暗示警方的策略存在严重缺陷。


short cut

a quicker and more direct way of getting somewhere than the usual one

Carlos decided to [take](bold) a [short-cut](bold) home.

We were late for the game, but found a short cut through the fields.

我们没能及时赶上看球赛，但找到了一条穿过田野的近路。

〔做事情的〕快捷办法，捷径

There aren’t really any short cuts to learning English.

学英语实在没有捷径可走。


shorten

to become shorter or make something shorter

他的名字常被简称为帕特。


shortfall

the difference between the amount you have and the amount you need or expect

Parents have been asked to pay £30 each to cover the shortfall in the budget.

家长被要求每人支付30英镑以弥补预算的不足。

an estimated shortfall of about £1 million

估计有大约100万英镑的缺口


short-lived

ˌʃɔːt ˈlɪvd◂

ˌʃɔːrt ˈlaɪvd◂

existing or happening for only a short time


shortly

The accident happened shortly before midday.

事故是在正午前不久发生的。

speaking in an impatient and unfriendly way

〔说话〕不耐烦地，不友善地

‘I’ve explained that already,’ Rod said shortly.

“那个问题我已经解释过了。”罗德不耐烦地说。


short-term

[adj](bold) <[usually before noun](bold)>

continuing for only a short time, or relating only to the period that is not very far into the future

The treatment may bring short-term benefits to AIDS sufferers.

这种疗法对艾滋病患者可能会有短期效果。

Most of the staff are on short-term contracts.

大部分职员签的都是短期合同。

She’s suffering from [short-term memory](bold) loss.

[in the short term](bold) at → [term](->term) 1 sense 6


shot

[call the shots](bold) at → [call](->call) 1 sense 9 [by a long chalk/shot](bold) at → [long](->long) 1 sense 21 [long shot](bold) at → [long](->long) 1 sense 18 → [buckshot](->buckshot) → [gunshot](->gunshot) → [snapshot](->snapshot) → [pot shot](->pot shot)

The passenger in the car fired three shots.

The shot hit the burglar in the chest and killed him instantly.

The first shot missed my head by inches.

He died from a single shot to his heart.

It wasn’t clear who had fired the fatal shot.

Police fired warning shots into the air.

It was difficult to get a good shot in the dense forest.

He fired off a volley of shots from his rifle.

He pulled out his rifle and fired three shots.

She was killed by a single shot to the head.

她被人击中头部一枪打死。

听到枪声时你在什么地方？

someone who is good, bad etc at shooting

small metal balls that are shot, many at a time, from a shotgun

large metal balls that are shot from a cannon

an attempt in sport to throw, kick, or hit the ball towards the place where you can get a point

〔为得分的〕投球，射球，击球

Shaw took a shot at the goal from the halfway line, but missed.

肖从中场线射门，但没有射中。

a close-up shot of a demonstrator being beaten by a policeman

一名示威者被一个警察殴打的特写照片

I managed to [get](bold) some [good shots](bold) of the carnival.

我总算拍到几张狂欢节的精彩照片。

We hired a photographer to [take](bold) some publicity [shots](bold).

我们雇了个摄影师来拍宣传照。

[action shots](bold) of football players (=ones taken of people while they are moving)

the view of something in a film or television programme that is produced by having the camera in a particular position

〔电影、电视节目中的〕镜头

In the opening shot, we see Travolta’s feet walking down the sidewalk.

在开场的镜头中，我们看到特拉沃尔塔的脚在人行道上行走。

an attempt to do something or achieve something, especially something difficult

This is her first shot at directing a play.

这是她第一次尝试导演戏剧。

If Lewis won his next fight, he would be guaranteed a [shot at the title](bold)(=chance to win the title).

如果刘易斯下一场拳赛获胜，他肯定有机会夺冠。

I decided to [have a shot at](bold) decorating the house myself.

我决定试试自己动手装修房子。

I didn’t think I had much chance of winning the race, but I thought I’d [give it a shot](bold)(=try to do it).

我觉得此次比赛自己获胜的机会不大，但我想我会尝试一下。

The network finally [gave](bold) Keaton [a shot at](bold) presenting his own show.

电视台终于让基顿尝试主持自己的节目。

to make as much effort as you can to achieve something difficult

为某事物尽自己最大的努力

This case is going to be tough, but I promise I’ll give it my best shot.

这个案子会很棘手，但我保证会尽力而为。

Lydia didn’t get the job, but at least she gave it her best shot.

莉迪娅没有得到那份工作，但至少她已尽了最大的努力。

used to say that a plan is worth trying, even though you think it is unlikely to succeed

成功希望虽然不大；尽管不大可能成功

It’s a long shot, but someone might recognise her from the photo and be able to tell us where she lives.

虽然希望不大，但也许有人会从照片上认出她，告诉我们她住在哪里。

if someone is a long shot, they are not likely to be chosen for a job or to win an election, competition etc

〔在招聘、选举、比赛等中〕希望渺茫

Turner is a long shot to win next month’s mayoral election.

特纳在下个月的市长选举中获胜希望不大。

a horse, dog etc in a race, whose chances of winning are expressed as numbers

赔率为1赔10/1赔50的赛马［赛狗等］

an attempt to guess something without having any facts or definite ideas

My answer to the last question was a complete shot in the dark.

我最后一道题的答案完全是蒙的。

a remark that is intended to criticize or hurt someone

〔意在批评或伤人的〕一席话；言语攻击

I’m not going to sit here listening to you two [take shots at](bold) each other all night.

我可不想坐在这里一整夜就听你们两个互相攻击。

She couldn’t resist a [parting shot](bold)(=one that you make just before you leave) – ‘And you were a lousy lover!’

她临走时忍不住扔下一句话——“而且你是个非常糟的情人！”

That was a [cheap shot](bold)(=one that is unfair and unreasonable)!

if you do something like a shot, you do it very quickly and eagerly

〔做事〕飞快地，毫不迟疑地，立刻

If he asked me to go to Africa with him, I’d go like a shot!

如果他叫我和他一起去非洲，我会毫不迟疑地去！

a shot across the bows/a warning shot (across the bows)

something you say or do to warn someone that you oppose what they are doing and will try to make them stop it – used especially in news reports

警告〔表示反对并会阻止某人做某事，尤用于新闻报道〕

The president’s own supporters are [firing a warning shot across](bold) his [bows](bold).

总统自己的支持者对他提出了警告。

an important or powerful person, especially in business

〔尤指商界的〕要人，权势人物

a small amount of a strong alcoholic drink

a [shot glass](bold)(=a small glass for strong alcoholic drinks)

an injection of a drug when it is put into the body with a needle

Have you had your typhoid and cholera shots?

你打过伤寒和霍乱的预防针了吗？

something that makes you more confident or more successful

The new factory will give the local economy a much-needed shot in the arm.

这家新工厂将会为当地的经济注入迫切需要的一针强心剂。

a heavy metal ball that competitors try to throw as far as possible in the sport of shot put


shot

in bad condition because of being used too much or treated badly

My nerves were [shot to pieces](bold) after my driving test.

驾驶执照考试结束后，我感到精疲力竭。

to get rid or want to get rid of someone or something

处理/摆脱/想摆脱某人/某物

if a piece of cloth is shot through with a colour, it has very small threads of that colour woven into it

a fine silk shot through with gold threads

to have a lot of a particular quality or feeling

a charming collection of stories, shot through with a gentle humour

一本妙趣横生、引人入胜的故事集


shot

the past tense and past participle of shoot

shoot的过去式和过去分词


should

[modal verb](bold) negative short form: shouldn’t

used to say what is the right or sensible thing to do

应当，应该〔用于表示做某事是正确或明智的〕

Children shouldn’t be allowed to play in the street.

‘I don’t care what people think.’ ‘Well, you should.’

“我不在乎别人怎么想。”“噢，你还是应该在乎的。”

如果我想抽烟，为什么不可以抽？

used to say what would have been right or sensible, but was not done

应当，应该〔用于表示某事应该做却没有做〕

应当，应该〔用于提供或征求建议〕

[I should](bold) stay in bed [if I were you](bold).

used to say that you expect something to happen or be true

应，应该〔用于表示推测〕

Try phoning Robert – he should be home by now.

给罗伯特打个电话试试，他现在应该到家了。

澳大利亚队应该能够打赢这场比赛。

‘Artistic people can be very difficult sometimes.’ ‘Well, you should know – you married one.’

“搞艺术的人有时很难相处。” “这个你应该知道的——你就嫁了一个这样的人。”

used to say what was expected, but did not happen

本应该〔用于表示预期之事并未发生〕

It was an easy test and he should have passed, but he didn’t.

这次测验很容易，他应该可以通过的，但却没有。

used to say what is the correct amount, the correct way of doing something etc

应该，应当〔用于表示正确的数量、做某事的正确方法等〕

Every sentence should start with a capital letter.

每个句子都应该以大写字母开头。

What do you mean, there are only ten tickets? There should be twelve.

你是什么意思，只有十张票？应该有十二张才对。

White wine, not red, should be served with fish.

吃鱼应该喝白葡萄酒，而不是红葡萄酒。

used in official orders and instructions

应该，应当〔用于官方指示〕

乘客请前往12号登机口登机。

used in a clause beginning with ‘that’ after particular adjectives and verbs

〔用于that引导的从句中，跟在某些形容词和动词之后〕

It is essential that he should have a fair trial.

给他一个公正的审判，这一点非常重要。

The residents demanded that there should be an official inquiry.

used to talk about something that may possibly happen or be true

可能〔用于表示某事可能会发生或属实〕

Naturally, he was nervous in case anything should go wrong.

他当然担心，怕事情会出岔子。

What if I should fall sick and not be able to work?

万一我生病无法工作的话怎么办？

Should you need any help (=if you need any help), you can always phone me at the office.

如果你需要什么帮助，随时可以打我办公室的电话。

used after ‘I’ or ‘we’ to say what you would do if something happened or was true

〔置于I或we之后，表示如果某事发生或属实的话会做什么〕

If anyone treated me like that, I should complain to the manager.

如果有人这样对我，我就会向经理投诉。

I should be surprised if many people voted for him.

有许多人投他的票那才怪呢。

used to politely ask for something, offer to do something, or say that you want to do something

〔用于礼貌地表示想要某物，或想要做某事〕

I should be grateful if you could provide me with some information.

如果你能为我提供一些消息，我不胜感激。

‘What can I get you?’ ‘I should like a long cool drink.’

“你要点什么？”“我想来一大杯清凉饮料。”

We should be delighted to help in any way we can.

我们乐意尽我们所能提供帮助。

I should like to thank you all for coming here tonight.

我想感谢大家今晚来到这里。

used as the past tense of ‘shall’ after ‘I’ or ‘we’ to say what you intended or expected to do

〔用作shall的过去式，置于I或we之后，表示打算或期望做的事〕

We knew that we should be leaving the next day.

我们知道我们第二天就要走。

what should I see but sth/who should appear but sb etc

used to show that you were surprised when you saw a particular thing, when a particular person appeared etc

你猜我看到了什么/你猜谁来了等〔用于表示惊讶〕

Just at that moment, who should walk in but old Jim himself.

就在那时，你猜猜谁进来了？就是那个老吉姆本人。

used to emphasize how funny, strange, beautiful etc something was that you saw or heard

你该亲眼看看/亲耳听听某事物〔用于强调所看到或听到的多么有趣、奇怪、漂亮等〕

You should have seen the look on her face when I told her I’d won first prize.

我告诉她我得了一等奖，当时她脸上的那副表情你真该看看。

used to express surprise that something has happened or that someone has asked you a particular question

怎么会/为什么会 …？〔用于表示惊讶〕

怎么竟然会有人愿意嫁给托尼？

used to say that you think or hope something is true, when you are not certain

我认为/估计/希望〔用于表示认为或希望某事属实，但不太肯定〕

‘I suppose there’ll be a lot of complaints?’ ‘I should imagine so.’

“我看会有很多投诉吧？”“我想是的。”

used to emphasize that you are not surprised by what someone has told you because you have moral reasons to expect it

我想应该如此〔用于强调对别人告知的事情不感到意外，因为出于道德上的原因你预计如此〕

‘She doesn’t like to hear me swearing.’ ‘I should think not.’

“她不喜欢听到我说粗话。”“我想这是当然的。”

‘He did apologize.’ ‘I should hope so, after the way he behaved.’

“他是道了歉。”“他那样的行为，理应道歉。”


shoulder

[give sb the cold shoulder](bold) at → [cold](->cold) 1 sense 7 [have a chip on your shoulder](bold) at → [chip](->chip) 1 sense 5 [be/stand head and shoulders above the rest](bold) at → [head](->head) 1 sense 29 [rub shoulders with](bold) at → [rub](->rub) 1 sense 5 [straight from the shoulder](bold) at → [straight](->straight) 1 sense 10

(=raise them to show that you do not know or care about something)

Susan just shrugged her shoulders and said nothing.

(=raise your shoulders and bend them forwards slightly)

He hunched his shoulders against the rain.

He glanced over his shoulder and grinned at me.

His shoulders were shaking and tears of laughter were running down his face.

(=move downwards because they are sad or tired)

‘You 're right,’ he sighed, his shoulders drooping.

(=move up and down because they are crying or breathing deeply)

She turned her back again, her shoulders heaving, her eyes blind with tears.

(=stand with your shoulders straight, in a determined way)

She squared her shoulders and knocked on the door.

He was of medium height, with broad shoulders.

He had powerful shoulders and a thick neck.

Her dark hair spilled over her narrow shoulders.

She put her arm around the girl’s thin shoulders.

one of the two parts of the body at each side of the neck where the arm is connected

the part of a piece of clothing that covers your shoulders

the upper part of the front leg of an animal that is used for meat

to feel worried that something unpleasant is going to happen to you

给予安慰的人；倾诉的对象

Ben is always there when I need a shoulder to cry on.

在我需要有个人倾诉一下时，本总是在我身边。

to get sympathy from someone when you tell them your problems

向某人倾诉〔以得到安慰〕

having the same aims and wanting to achieve the same thing

We are working shoulder to shoulder with local residents.

我们和当地居民肩并肩共同努力。

Blacks and whites [stood shoulder to shoulder](bold) in the stands to applaud.

黑人和白人并肩站在看台上鼓掌。

if blame or a difficult job falls on someone’s shoulders, they have to take responsibility for it

〔责任〕由某人承担；〔艰巨任务〕落在某人肩上

The blame rests squarely on Jim’s shoulders.

to start to work with great effort and determination

甩开膀子干；开始奋力工作

an area of ground beside a road, where drivers can stop their cars if they are having trouble

〔公路旁的〕路肩，紧急停车道

→ [hard shoulder](->hard shoulder) → [soft shoulder](->soft shoulder)

a rounded part just below the top of something


shoulder

The coach shoulders the responsibility for winning and losing.

Many women do paid work and also shoulder the burden of childcare.

Parents are being made to shoulder the blame.

The government has decided to shoulder the extra cost itself.

shoulder the responsibility/duty/cost/burden etc

to accept a difficult or unpleasant responsibility, duty etc

承担责任/义务/费用/负担等

The residents are being asked to shoulder the costs of the repairs.

居民们被要求承担这笔修理费用。

to lift something onto your shoulder to carry it

They shouldered the boat and took it down to the river.

他们把船扛在肩上抬到河里。

to move through a large crowd of people by pushing with your shoulder

He ran after her, shouldering his way through the crowd.

an order given to soldiers telling them to hold their weapon against their shoulder


shout

You [shout at](bold)  someone when you are angry with them: My teacher never shouts at us.

You [shout to](bold)  someone when you want them to hear you: He shouted to me to throw down the rope.

You [shout for](bold)  something that you want: They shouted for the driver to stop.

The two men were shouting angrily at each other.

to shout very loudly, especially because you are angry, excited, or in pain. [Yell](bold) is more informal than [shout](bold)

The children were yelling at each other across the street.

‘Steve, are you there?’ Patti hollered up the stairs.

to shout in order to get someone’s attention

He called her name but she didn’t hear him.

to shout something loudly, especially because you are in pain, frightened, or very excited

to shout in a very loud high voice, because you are frightened, unhappy, angry etc

She screamed as she jumped into the cold water.

to shout in a loud deep voice, especially when you want a lot of people to hear you

He was bellowing orders at the soldiers.

to shout in a loud and unpleasant way, because you are angry or unhappy

The kids were bawling in the back of the car.

to say something more loudly than normal, especially because you are angry

I never heard my father raise his voice.

if a group of people cheer, they shout as a way of showing their approval

The crowd cheered when the band came on stage.

He was surrounded by a group of boys who shouted abuse at him.

They came to his apartment, shouting obscenities and threatening him.

They were carrying placards and shouting slogans.

The lieutenant was shouting orders at the workmen.

Then she heard Ferdinando shout her name.

The man had shouted a warning to other passengers just before the blast.

He hears the voice of his downstairs neighbor shouting loudly.

Matthew shouted himself hoarse until he was discovered.

'Watch out!' he shouted at the top of his voice.

People were screaming and shouting in the streets.

There’s no need to shout! I can hear you!

用不着大声喊叫！我听得见！

I wish you’d stop shouting at the children.

我希望你别再对孩子们大声嚷嚷了。

We could hear them [shouting for help](bold).

‘Watch out!’ she shouted, as the car started to move.

“小心！”汽车开动时，她大声喊道。

He was shouting insults at the lorry driver.

‘He’s down here!’ she shouted to Alison.

“他在这里！”她对艾莉森大声喊道。

to tell everyone about something because you want everyone to know about it

使某事尽人皆知[家喻户晓]

to write in capital letters in an email, which makes it look as if the writer is angry

使用大写字母〔写电子邮件，表示生气〕


shout

a loud call expressing anger, pain, excitement etc

〔表示生气、疼痛、兴奋等的〕喊叫（声），呼叫（声）

Tom [gave](bold) a [shout](bold) of laughter when he saw them.

汤姆看见他们，发出一声大笑。

to go and find someone and tell them something

Give me a shout when you’re ready to go.

你准备好动身时告诉我一声。

a message to someone that is broadcast on radio, put on a website etc

〔以广播播送、网上发布等方式〕给某人的留言

I just want to give a quick shout out to my friend Dave, who’s in hospital at the moment.

我就想给我朋友戴夫简短地留个言，他目前正在住院。

这回轮到我请客了，还要同样的吗？

（做某事）成功在望，有获胜的机会


shove

[when/if push comes to shove](bold) at → [push](->push) 2 sense 6

to push someone or something in a rough or careless way, using your hands or shoulders

〔用手或肩〕推，推挤，推撞

Everyone was [pushing and shoving](bold) to see the prince.

大家都推着挤着要看王子。

to put something somewhere carelessly or without thinking much

Tidying the room seems to mean shoving everything under the bed!

整理房间好像就是把所有东西往床底下一塞就算完事了！

used to tell someone in a very impolite way that you do not want something

去他的 …，让 …见鬼〔非常无礼地表示拒绝〕

They can take their three cents an hour raise and [shove it](bold).

去他们的每小时涨三美分。


shove

[Give](bold) the door a good [shove](bold).


shovel

a tool with a rounded blade and a long handle used for moving earth, stones etc

a part of a large vehicle or machine used for moving or digging earth

〔推土机、挖土机前面的〕铲，铲形部分


shovel

[past tense and past participle](italic) [shovelled](bold) [present participle](italic) [shovelling](bold) ([BrE](bold)) [past tense and past participle](italic) [shoveled](bold) [present participle](italic) [shoveling](bold) ([AmE](bold))

to lift and move earth, stones etc with a shovel

The workmen shovelled gravel onto the road.

工人们把碎石铲到路面上。

They were out in freezing conditions shovelling snow off the pitch.

他们在外面冒着严寒铲球场上的雪。

[shovel the driveway/sidewalk etc](bold) AmE(=shovel snow from a road or path)

Everyone was out shoveling their sidewalks.

大家都在外面铲人行道上的积雪。

to put something, usually food, somewhere quickly

迅速将某物〔常指食物〕放进 …里/放在 …上

We shovelled food into our mouths as fast as we could.

我们尽快把食物塞进嘴里。